**STS-85 Earth Obs Debrief**

**Photo Captions**

**NORTH AMERICA‑Alaska, Canada and Lower Forty-eight**

**[Alaska and Canada]{.underline}**

  -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
  **STS085-706-066**   Alaskan Peninsula, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes.

  -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Stikine River, glaciers.                          |
| STS085-709-028** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Coast Mountains, Panhandle of Alaska, showing     |
| STS085-504-122** | sediment flux from Stikine River. Mt. Edziza      |
|                  | (Canadian site) appears as the devegetated        |
|                  | mountain at the edge of the frame.                |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Glacial endpoints, Stikine River.                 |
| STS085-734-093** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Stikine River                                     |
| STS085-734-094** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Cascades                                          |
| STS085-733-004** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Mt. Rainier and Mt. St. Helens.                   |
| STS085-707-055** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | British Columbia: Vancouver Island, Coast         |
| STS085-715-033** | Mountains, Fraser River Delta, Vancouver; Olympic |
|                  | Peninsula                                         |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | British Columbia: Vancouver Island, Coast         |
| STS085-715-032** | Mountains                                         |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Vancouver, B.C., with sediment plume from Fraser  |
| STS085-710-043** | R.                                                |
|                  |                                                   |
| **               | Vancouver, B.C., with sunglint on sediment plume  |
| STS085-710-045** | from Fraser R.                                    |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | British Columbia: Canadian Rockies, with          |
| STS085-504-158** | Calgary---wide view.                              |
|                  |                                                   |
| Linhof left and  |                                                   |
| right            |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Winnipeg, Manitoba                                |
| STS085-501-135** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Lake Athabasca, Alberta/Sakatchewan border        |
| STS085-713-094** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **S              | Great Slave Lake foreground, with Great Bear Lake |
| TS085-736-007-** | on the horizon at 65 degrees N‑‑Northwest         |
|                  | Territories                                       |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Cold Lake and Primrose Lake, Alberta/Sakatchewan  |
| STS085-707-071** | border                                            |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

**Impact Craters**

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Clearwater East and West, near nadir view.        |
| STS085-737-012** |                                                   |
|                  | Regional view of Clearwater West and East impact  |
| **               | craters in Quebec, Canada. Clearwater West is 32  |
| STS085-737-014** | km in diameter and Clearwater East is 22 km. Both |
|                  | are complex craters with a central ring of        |
|                  | islands visible in Clearwater West. Below the     |
|                  | water line Clearwater East has a pronounced       |
|                  | central uplift that has been obscured by          |
|                  | sedimentation and glacial erosion. The impact     |
|                  | origin of these craters was confirmed when        |
|                  | maskelynite (glass formed from a shock wave       |
|                  | traveling through plagioclase minerals in         |
|                  | gabbroic rocks) was found, along with fine        |
|                  | shattering and intense fracturing of the target   |
|                  | rocks. The age of both craters is 290 million     |
|                  | years.                                            |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Clearwater East and West with clouds.             |
| STS085-734-071** |                                                   |
|                  | Clearwater East and West.                         |
| **               |                                                   |
| STS085-734-068** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Manicouagan Lake, Quebec, is one of the largest   |
| STS085-506-095** | impact craters still preserved on the Earth's     |
|                  | surface. The area of target rocks, where the      |
| **               | ringed lake is now situated, is approximately 70  |
| STS085-506-088** | km in diameter, and composed of impact-brecciated |
|                  | rock eroded by glaciation. The lake surrounds the |
|                  | more erosion-resistant melt sheet in the center   |
|                  | of the crater. The impact origin of the crater    |
|                  | was confirmed with the discovery of maskelynite   |
|                  | in the central uplift. The original crater        |
|                  | diameter is 100 km and Manicouagan has been dated |
|                  | at 212 million years. It has been proposed that   |
|                  | the impact was created by an asteroid with a      |
|                  | diameter of 5 km. Some scientists believe that    |
|                  | this impact may have been responsible for a mass  |
|                  | extinction at the end of the Triassic, where      |
|                  | roughly 60% of all species were lost.             |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | One of two photographs of Charlevoix impact       |
|                  | crater in Quebec, taken from the Space Shuttle.   |
|                  | The diameter of the crater is 46 km and the age   |
|                  | is 360 million years. The Canadian Space Agency   |
|                  | has requested Shuttle photographs of this crater. |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Mistastin crater in Newfoundland, is a heavily    |
| STS085-738-083** | eroded, complex crater. Mistastin is 28 km in     |
|                  | diameter and dated at 38 million years. Glacial   |
| **               | erosion has removed most of the impact melt sheet |
| STS085-737-015** | and breccias, exposing the crater floor. Another  |
|                  | product of glacial erosion is the elongated       |
|                  | (eastward) nature of the crater. Horseshoe        |
|                  | Island, in the center of the lake, is part of the |
|                  | central uplift.                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

  -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
  **STS085-506-84**    Panorama looking west up St. Lawrence Seaway, with
                       Montreal, Ottawa and Lake Ontario.

  **STS085-506-77**    Ottawa, Canada

                       

  **STS085-506-81**    Montreal, Quebec

                       

  **STS085-736-014**   Islands in the north end of Hudson Bay, with the
                       west side of Baffin Island clearly visible at the
                       Arctic Circle, ( degrees north of track

  **STS085-746-010**   Ungava Peninsula, Quebec, Hudson Strait, Baffin I.

                       

  **STS085-751-088**   Ungava Bay, N tip of Labrador, and southern Baffin
                       Island‑the head of Cumberland Sound on the west
                       coast can be seen at the latitude of the Arctic
                       Circle

  **STS085-725-059**   Hudson Strait, Frobisher Bay on southern Baffin I.

                       

  **STS085-738-088**   Coast of Labrador‑panorama with Baffin I.

  **STS085-501-141**   Coast of Labrador, Quebec, NV view of glaciated
                       terrain, fiords and icebergs

                       

  **STS085-746-007**   Sea ice, probably off the coast of Labrador or
                       Greenland
  -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------

**[United States‑‑Lower Forty-Eight]{.underline}**

  -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
  **STS085-709-019**   Hawaii, nadir view of Kilauea plume (8/10/97).

                       

  **STS085-749-072**   Early morning over Hawaii.

                       

  **STS085-710-034**   Kilauea plume, high oblique, 8/11/97.
  -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------

  -------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
  **STS085-710-003**                        Oblique view of San Francisco Bay area and
                                            hinterland, looking east

  **STS085-716-059**                        Northern California Showing the Sacramento River
                                            Delta and some of the bay filling in the San
                                            Francisco Bay area.

                                            

  **STS085-715-016**                        Wide view of Nevada/California border showing
                                            desert wetlands

  **STS085-716-066**                        Lake Tahoe, Sierra Nevada, and the California Gold
                                            Rush country. In this fine westward view, Lake
                                            Tahoe (center) and Pyramid Lake (north) are the
                                            large, deep blue lakes; the curving Lahontan Lake
                                            and larger Carson Sink are the shallower, light
                                            green, ephemeral lakes in the foreground. Lahontan
                                            and Carson Sink are remnants of a far more
                                            extensive Lake Lahontan, which covered much of
                                            easternmost California, Nevada and beyond during
                                            the Pleistocene ice age. Sutter Creek, where the
                                            discovery of gold in 1849 triggered the stampede to
                                            California, is in the top of the frame in the
                                            second major drainage south of chevron-shaped
                                            Folsom Lake. When the great granite masses were
                                            intruded into the region of the Sierra Nevada about
                                            100 million years ago, gold was concentrated in
                                            lode deposits; nuggets, eroded from veins and pods
                                            and carried down the streams draining the Sierra,
                                            are sometimes found in placer deposits along
                                            present and past drainages.

                                            

  **STS085-713-093**                        Pyramid Lake and Carson Sink, Nevada

                                            

  **STS085-707-009**                        Mono Lake, Yosemite

                                            

  **STS085-710-016**                        Lemon Valley and Cold Spring Valley north of Reno,
                                            NV

  **STS040-606-037**                        comparative view from STS040

                                            

  **STS085-716-054**                        San Francisco Bay, California. San Francisco,
                                            Oakland and other Bay communities. The Golden Gate
                                            and Bay are clearly visible, as is the flow of Bay
                                            waters into the Pacific through the Golden Gate
                                            with the outgoing tide. The trace of the San
                                            Andreas fault projects north, through the southern
                                            peninsula, heads offshore at the Golden Gate, and
                                            continues along the western coast through Bodega
                                            Bay. Another major fault of the San Andreas system
                                            is the Calaveras fault, which traverses the east
                                            side of the Bay. Recent strong motion on the
                                            Calaveras fault includes the 1984 earthquake (6.2
                                            Mercalli) with a hypocenter in Morgan Hill, just
                                            south of this view.

  **STS085-715-086**                        An exceptionally fine photo of the central Rio
                                            Grande rift in New Mexico, west Texas and northern
                                            Chihuahua, Mexico. Two significant aspects of the
                                            rift can be observed in this one regional view: the
                                            branching of the central rift into two broad
                                            valleys---the Mesilla valley of south-central New
                                            Mexico, south to El Paso-Ju‡rez, and the Salt Basin
                                            of west Texas, bounded by the Guadalupe Mts. (upper
                                            edge of frame). Guadalupe Peak (2,917 m), the
                                            highest point in Texas, can be seen in the
                                            south-pointing prow of the range. Details of the
                                            junction of the central rift and the Border
                                            Corridor transform zone, which begins near El Paso
                                            and extends to the northern boundary of Big Bend
                                            National Park, are shown with rare clarity here.
                                            The dark, speckled-appearing patch west of El Paso
                                            comprises volcanic vents that erupted in a
                                            rift-valley lake---Hunt Hole and Kilbourne Hole.
                                            The lavas contain chunks of rock that originated in
                                            the upper mantle and were carried up by the
                                            fast-rising magma; rift-transform intersections are
                                            common structural environments for such volcanic
                                            events.

                                            

  **STS085-712-082**                        Central Colorado---Front Ranges of the Rocky
                                            Mountains, Sangre de Cristo range, San Juan
                                            Mountains. Denver, Colorado Springs, Ft. Collins.
                                            Royal Gorge and Ca--on City. Exceptionally detailed
                                            regional view of the northern Rio Grande rift,
                                            transecting virtually all of Colorado. Colorado
                                            Sand Dunes National Monument is the tan area along
                                            the west flank of the Sangre de Cristo range. The
                                            broad San Luis rift valley, with pivot-irrigated
                                            fields, extends south to the volcanic peaks at the
                                            Colorado-New Mexico state line. Taos, NM is in the
                                            embayment in the Sangre de Cristo (far left of
                                            view) and the Embudo fault zone (transfer zone)
                                            heads southwest toward the Jemez Mts. (partially
                                            visible). Pikes Peak is the unvegetated peak north
                                            (right) of the Arkansas River. South Park, on the
                                            west side of the Front Range is another of the
                                            chain of rift valleys. Faults that have dropped the
                                            valleys down became active about 24 million years
                                            ago and have continued to be active into historic
                                            times.

                                            

                       **STS085-716-052**   MS Robinson's college & grad school towns, Berkeley
                                            & Palo Alto, included in wide view of San
                                            Francisco, which also includes Sacramento, his
                                            hometown

                       **STS085-716-056**   Sacramento \[improvement to data base\]

                                            

  **STS085-504-117**                        Great Salt Lake (with red northern half) looking
                                            southwest to California through clear atmosphere.

                                            

                       **STS085-504-055**   PLT Rominger's hometown, Del Norte, CO, in San Luis
                                            Valley
  -------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

  -------------------- -------------------- ------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------------------
                       **STS085-754-060**                                        PS Tryggvason's grad school town, London, ON, in
                                                                                 nice wide view of Lakes Erie, Ontario, & Huron,
                                                                                 including Buffalo, Niagara, & Toronto

  **STS085-710-087**                                            Thunder Bay,     
                                                                Ontario; looking 
                                                                south to Isle    
                                                                Royale in Lake   
                                                                Superior         

                                                                                 

  **STS085-713-022**                        MS Davis's hometown                  
                                            & grad school town,                  
                                            Huntsville, AL                       
                                            \[comparable to                      
                                            Linhof -506-054 &                    
                                            possible                             
                                            improvement to data                  
                                            base\]                               

                                                                                 

  **STS085-729-015**                        CDR Brown's                          
                                            hometown,                            
                                            Elizabethtown, NC,                   
                                            wider view (more                     
                                            oblique view‑with                    
                                            greater atmospheric                  
                                            thickness‑results                    
                                            in hazy shot due to                  
                                            air pollution)                       

  **STS085-729-012**                        CDR Brown's                          
                                            hometown,                            
                                            Elizabethtown, NC                    

                                                                                 

  **STS085-740-045**                                            Chesapeake Bay,  
                                                                although dated   
                                                                at 35 million    
                                                                years, is a      
                                                                newly confirmed  
                                                                impact crater.   
                                                                Whylie Poage of  
                                                                the United       
                                                                States           
                                                                Geological       
                                                                Survey           
                                                                discovered this  
                                                                crater while     
                                                                trying to find   
                                                                the origin of    
                                                                tektites over    
                                                                much of the      
                                                                southern and     
                                                                eastern United   
                                                                States and part  
                                                                of the           
                                                                Caribbean.       
                                                                Because of       
                                                                drainage and     
                                                                high saltwater   
                                                                concentration,   
                                                                Poage began      
                                                                drilling in      
                                                                Chesapeake Bay.  
                                                                Shocked quartz,  
                                                                confirming the   
                                                                impact origin,   
                                                                was found in the 
                                                                structure in     
                                                                1995. The 85     
                                                                km-diameter      
                                                                crater is        
                                                                centered on the  
                                                                southern part of 
                                                                Chesapeake Bay.  
                                                                It has been      
                                                                estimated that a 
                                                                1.6 km diameter  
                                                                object created   
                                                                this crater.     

                       **STS085-731-071**                                        MS Curbeam's hometown & college town, Baltimore &
                                                                                 Annapolis (& Washington)

                                                                                 

  **STS085-738-052**                                                             New York City

  **STS085-710-068**                                                             Sable Island
  -------------------- -------------------- ------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------------------

**ATLANTIC‑Greenland and Iceland**

+---+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| * |                 | S. Greenland, panorama looking N.                 |
| * |                 |                                                   |
| S |                 |                                                   |
| T |                 |                                                   |
| S |                 |                                                   |
| 0 |                 |                                                   |
| 8 |                 |                                                   |
| 5 |                 |                                                   |
| - |                 |                                                   |
| 7 |                 |                                                   |
| 1 |                 |                                                   |
| 9 |                 |                                                   |
| - |                 |                                                   |
| 0 |                 |                                                   |
| 1 |                 |                                                   |
| 0 |                 |                                                   |
| * |                 |                                                   |
| * |                 |                                                   |
+---+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| * |                 | S. Greenland, low oblique, with icebergs.         |
| * |                 |                                                   |
| S |                 |                                                   |
| T |                 |                                                   |
| S |                 |                                                   |
| 0 |                 |                                                   |
| 8 |                 |                                                   |
| 5 |                 |                                                   |
| - |                 |                                                   |
| 7 |                 |                                                   |
| 1 |                 |                                                   |
| 3 |                 |                                                   |
| - |                 |                                                   |
| 0 |                 |                                                   |
| 7 |                 |                                                   |
| 5 |                 |                                                   |
| * |                 |                                                   |
| * |                 |                                                   |
+---+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|   |                 |                                                   |
+---+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| * |                 | Iceland, with Vatnajokull icecap, looking north   |
| * |                 | towards Greenland.                                |
| S |                 |                                                   |
| T |                 |                                                   |
| S |                 |                                                   |
| 0 |                 |                                                   |
| 8 |                 |                                                   |
| 5 |                 |                                                   |
| - |                 |                                                   |
| 5 |                 |                                                   |
| 0 |                 |                                                   |
| 2 |                 |                                                   |
| - |                 |                                                   |
| 7 |                 |                                                   |
| 8 |                 |                                                   |
| * |                 |                                                   |
| * |                 |                                                   |
|   |                 |                                                   |
| L |                 |                                                   |
| i |                 |                                                   |
| n |                 |                                                   |
| h |                 |                                                   |
| o |                 |                                                   |
| f |                 |                                                   |
| , |                 |                                                   |
| l |                 |                                                   |
| e |                 |                                                   |
| f |                 |                                                   |
| t |                 |                                                   |
| a |                 |                                                   |
| n |                 |                                                   |
| d |                 |                                                   |
| r |                 |                                                   |
| i |                 |                                                   |
| g |                 |                                                   |
| h |                 |                                                   |
| t |                 |                                                   |
+---+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|   |                 |                                                   |
+---+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|   | **S             | PS Tryggvason's hometown, Reykjavik, to which the |
|   | TS085-735-063** | Shuttle tail is pointing in this view of Iceland  |
|   |                 | \[comparable to Linhof -502-077 & a find\]        |
+---+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| * |                 | Western capes of Iceland, looking NW              |
| * |                 |                                                   |
| S |                 |                                                   |
| T |                 |                                                   |
| S |                 |                                                   |
| 0 |                 |                                                   |
| 8 |                 |                                                   |
| 5 |                 |                                                   |
| - |                 |                                                   |
| 7 |                 |                                                   |
| 2 |                 |                                                   |
| 9 |                 |                                                   |
| - |                 |                                                   |
| 0 |                 |                                                   |
| 6 |                 |                                                   |
| 1 |                 |                                                   |
| * |                 |                                                   |
| * |                 |                                                   |
+---+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+

**EUROPE**

+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Coastal cities of Belgium and Northern France.   |   |
| STS085-501-051** |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | The Polders‑the "inner sea" of the Netherlands;  |   |
| STS085-735-008** | the photographs show two responses to the lack   |   |
|                  | of land.                                         |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
|                  |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | The Netherlands (from bottom to top): mouths of  |   |
| STS085-506-098** | the Rivers Rhine/Waal and Maas; Rotterdam;       |   |
|                  | Delft; The Hague; Leiden; Haarlem and Amsterdam  |   |
| Linhof left and  | \[3 bests in 1 photo!\]                          |   |
| right            |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
|                  |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Oslo Fjord, Norway. Exceptional westward view of |   |
| STS085-503-134** | the fjord, southern Norway and Sweden, and the   |   |
|                  | northern tip of Jutland, Denmark. Oslo is at the |   |
|                  | head of the narrow northern reach of the fjord   |   |
|                  | (upper right), which originated by rifting about |   |
|                  | 275 million year ago. As in other rifts, the     |   |
|                  | fjord walls are long and straight, volcanic      |   |
|                  | vents mark the intersections of rift and         |   |
|                  | crossing faults. The southern fjord widened      |   |
|                  | still further when the North Atlantic opened     |   |
|                  | about 60 million years ago.                      |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
|                  |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Denmark. Splendid photograph of the peninsula of |   |
| STS085-503-135** | Jutland, the island of Sjaelland and parts of    |   |
|                  | Mon, Lolland and Fyn. Near the top of the view,  |   |
|                  | the Skaggerak separates Norway and Denmark; in   |   |
|                  | the foreground, the Kattegat lies between Sweden |   |
|                  | and Denmark. Both glaciers and the rise of salt  |   |
|                  | domes, similar to those of the Texas (e.g., High |   |
|                  | Island, eastern Galveston Bay) and Louisiana     |   |
|                  | coastal plain, have contributed to the           |   |
|                  | irregularity of the topography of Jutland.       |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Sjaelland, Denmark. Remarkably clear view of the |   |
| STS085-502-100** | island and of Copenhagen, although the statue of |   |
|                  | The Little Mermaid at the entry to the harbor    |   |
|                  | can\'t quite be discerned. Helsingor, on the     |   |
|                  | northeast tip of Sjaelland within 2 miles of     |   |
|                  | Sweden, is the Elsinore of Shakespeare\'s drama  |   |
|                  | Hamlet, prince of the Danes. The south cape of   |   |
|                  | Sweden, Falsterbo, and the city of Malmo can     |   |
|                  | also be seen. The island in the Kattegat between |   |
|                  | Copenhagen and Malmo, on which there is a        |   |
|                  | Swedish nuclear power plant, is bounded by a     |   |
|                  | fault zone that has been active episodically for |   |
|                  | more than 560 million years. The prolongation of |   |
|                  | that fault farther northwest offsets sediments a |   |
|                  | few thousand years old.                          |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
|                  |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| *                | Berlin, Germany: Harz Mountains, and panorama of |   |
| *STS085-503-40** | Germany                                          |   |
|                  |                                                  |   |
| Linhof left and  |                                                  |   |
| right            |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
|                  |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| *                | Berlin, Germany \[a find!\]: lower Oder River    |   |
| *STS085-503-42** | after major floods; Szczecin, Poland             |   |
|                  |                                                  |   |
| Linhof left and  |                                                  |   |
| right            |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
|                  |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| *                | Harz Mountains are the main visual due to        |   |
| *STS085-503-38** | preserved forest‑cities of Magdeburg,            |   |
|                  | Braunschweig and Hannover in the foreground      |   |
| Linhof           | \[Shuttle tail points to this find!\], with      |   |
|                  | Leipzig and Halle top left                       |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
|                  |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Rhein River, with Bonn, Cologne, Dortmund,       |   |
| STS085-506-101** | Duesseldorf and Essen \[5 finds in 1 photo!\]    |   |
|                  |                                                  |   |
| Linhof           |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Rhein River, with cities Duesseldorf, Krefeld,   |   |
| STS085-506-100** | and the Ruhr cities of Duisburg and Essen        |   |
|                  |                                                  |   |
| Linhof           |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
|                  |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| *                | Northern Rhein graben, with Frankfurt am Main    |   |
| *STS085-503-34** | airport.                                         |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
|                  |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| *                | Gulf of Danzig, with Gdansk, and Kaliningrad,    |   |
| *STS085-503-50** | Russia, with Polish/Russian border.              |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Gulf of Danzig, Poland, on the south coast of    |   |
| STS085-712-002** | the Baltic Sea. Rozewie Peninsula and the towns  |   |
|                  | of Gdynia (north) and Gdansk (south). Rozewie    |   |
|                  | Peninsula has analogues closer to home in        |   |
|                  | Bolivar Peninsula at the mouth of Galveston Bay, |   |
|                  | and at the mouth of Mobile Bay (AL). Similar     |   |
|                  | complexes can be seen in Shuttle photographs     |   |
|                  | along the Atlantic coast of New York, New        |   |
|                  | Jersey, Maryland, South Carolina and Georgia.    |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
|                  |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Plankton bloom‑North Atlantic?                   |   |
| STS085-716-027** |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Baltic Sea plankton bloom                        |   |
| STS085-734-004** |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
|                  |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Danube R. delta                                  |   |
| STS085-704-022** |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Black Sea looking east to Crimea‑with air        |   |
| STS085-751-026** | pollution and sunglint                           |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
|                  |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Corsica and Sardinia, looking NE to N Italy‑air  |   |
| STS085-722-004** | pollution                                        |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+
| **               | Mt. Etna, Sicily                                 |   |
| STS085-738-038** |                                                  |   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---+

**MIDDLE EAST**

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| *                | Air pollution flowing north from Nile Delta,      |
| *STS085-505-90** | oblique looking west (left side of view),         |
|                  | pollution corridors over the Mediteranean with    |
| Linhof left and  | the Israeli coast in the foreground (right side   |
| right            | of view).                                         |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Cairo with pyramids‑and possible pyramids near    |
| STS085-501-103** | Memphis                                           |
|                  |                                                   |
| Linhof           |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Europe's air pollution streaming south to Africa; |
| STS085-724-083** | dust storm in Libya                               |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Lake Urmiya, northern Iran. Water level in this   |
| STS085-714-038** | view, taken in July, is far higher than in photos |
|                  | taken by Linenger from Mir in spring, 1997. In    |
|                  | the earlier photographs dry land was exposed in   |
|                  | the area between the volcanic island and the      |
|                  | shore.                                            |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| *                | Mount Ararat, E Turkey                            |
| *STS085-743-28** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| *                | Dust splumes streaming out of Iraq SE into Gulf   |
| *STS085-720-18** | ‑panorama                                         |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| *                | Detail of Mesopotamia dust storm                  |
| *STS085-721-72** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Most impressive Saharan dust cloud ever‑central   |
| STS085-746-054** | Algeria                                           |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| *                | Abu Zhabi, Persian Gulf                           |
| *STS085-738-28** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

**CENTRAL AND EAST ASIA**

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Greater Caucasus Mountains, southern Russia near  |
| STS085-712-018** | the Azerbaijan border. Town of Makhachkala on     |
|                  | west coast of Caspian Sea north of Baku           |
|                  | Peninsula. A rare, clear view of this             |
|                  | region---excellent lighting reveals structural    |
|                  | details of the folded and faulted mountain ranges |
|                  | with elevations commonly greater than 3,000 m.    |
|                  | These ranges began to form about 80 million years |
|                  | ago, in response to northward movement of the     |
|                  | Arabian crustal plate and its collision with the  |
|                  | Russian Platform portion of the Eurasian plate.   |
|                  | The Arabian plate continues its northward march   |
|                  | today, which has resulted in mountain building,   |
|                  | volcanism, and ongoing earthquake activity. The   |
|                  | block that includes Turkey and the Black Sea is   |
|                  | escaping to the west, resulting in strong         |
|                  | earthquakes on west-trending faults.              |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Southeasternmost Greater Caucasus ranges at the   |
| STS085-712-022** | Caspian seacoast. Mt. Babadag (3,629 m), the      |
|                  | southern peak, is in Azerbaijan; Mt. Bazar Dyuzi  |
|                  | (4,480 m) is on the Russia-Azerbaijan border.     |
|                  | With the northward movement of the Arabian        |
|                  | crustal plate, the strata of these ranges have    |
|                  | been crumpled against the Russian Platform on the |
|                  | Eurasian plate.                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| *                | Baku, Azerbaijan, detailed nadir view with chains |
| *STS085-506-10** | of offshore drill rigs.                           |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Dust going WSW from east side of Aral             |
| STS085-711-072** | Sea---oblique, looking south.                     |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Aral Sea low oblique with sediment gyres and dust |
| STS085-711-078** | less visible.                                     |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Aral Sea---detail nadir view of emergent seafloor |
| STS085-721-027** | between central and northern basins.              |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| *                | Dust tendrils blowing off small lake in           |
| *STS085-503-57** | Dzungarian Gate, Kazakh-Chinese border.           |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Dzungarian Gate, Tien Shan range, southern        |
| STS085-755-043** | Kazakhstan and northwestern China (Xinjian        |
|                  | Uygur). This more detailed view of the region in  |
|                  | STS085-503-057 was taken on August 16, 1997 and   |
|                  | shows Lake Ebinur unobscured by the dramatic dust |
|                  | storm that had roiled the dry lakebed sediment    |
|                  | and that was recorded in the other photo.         |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Yellow River delta, new lobe.                     |
| STS085-726-070** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Supertyphoon Winnie, Western Pacific Ocean, nadir |
| STS085-749-079** | view of eye                                       |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Supertyphoon Winnie, Western Pacific Ocean, very  |
| STS085-721-019** | oblique                                           |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **               | Aurora australis                                  |
| STS085-365-007** |                                                   |
|                  |                                                   |
| **               |                                                   |
| STS085-365-008** |                                                   |
|                  |                                                   |
| **               |                                                   |
| STS085-365-014** |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+