Health*[e]{.underline}*Vet

Master Glossary

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height="2.734027777777778in"}

March 2006

Revision History

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  Date              Version   Description                 Author

  February 2006     1.0       Initial Publication         SEPG/SQA

                                                          

                                                          
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# Introduction

This glossary specifies terminology used in Health*[e]{.underline}*Vet.

# Scope

This glossary defines terms and provides a common understanding of terms
used in Health*[e]{.underline}*Vet. This document also includes terms
used in VistA as well as the terms previously found in the IDL Glossary
found on the IDL Web site.

## References

Definitions were extracted from the following references:

-   *Assessment and Control of Software Risks* by Capers Jones (1994)

-   *Managing Software Development Projects (Second edition)* by Neal
    Whitten (1995)

-   *IEEE Standards Collection: Software Engineering* (1997 Edition)

-   *Best Practices in IT Architecture Planning and Implementation* by
    Larry DeBoever

-   *Essential Client/Server Survival Guide* by Robert Orfali

-   *The Complete Idiot\'s Guide to Project Management* by Sunny and Kim
    Baker

-   *Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Guide* (2000 Edition)

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<tr class="header">
<th colspan="25"><span id="A" class="anchor"></span>A</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="5">Term</th>
<th colspan="20">Definition</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">A&amp;A</td>
<td colspan="20">Authentication and Authorization</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">AAA</td>
<td colspan="20">Authentication, Authorization &amp; Access</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">AAIP</td>
<td colspan="20">Authentication and Access Control Infrastructure
Project</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Acceptance</td>
<td colspan="20">An action by an authorized representative of the
acquirer by which the acquirer assumes ownership of products as a
partial or complete performance of contract</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Acceptance Criteria</td>
<td colspan="20">Decision rules used to determine when an activity is
completed.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Acceptance Test</td>
<td colspan="20"><p>Acceptance Test is an independent, objective test
performed prior to accepting the delivered system. Acceptance Test
verifies:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>That all requirements have been addressed or that any limitation
or outstanding test incident has an approved contingency process
(workaround) in place.</p></li>
<li><p>A system is ready for promotion into the production environment.
Acceptance Test is comprised of three distinct test types: User
Acceptance Test, Alpha Test, and Beta Test.</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Access</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The ability of a subject to view, change, or communicate with an
object in a computer system. Typically, access involves a flow of
information between the subject and the object (for example, a user
reads a file, a program creates a directory). [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
<li><p>The provision of an opportunity to approach, inspect, review,
make use of data or information. Refers to such actions by the
individual receiving health care as well as providers of health care
services and any other individual or entity who has appropriate
authorization for such actions. [CPRI, 1995b]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Access Control</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The prevention of unauthorized use of a resource. [ISO
7498-2]</p></li>
<li><p>Information-use policy to determine who can have access to what
data/information (both within and external to the organization adopting
the access control policy); policies and procedures preventing access by
those who are not authorized to have it. [Institute of Medicine,
1994].</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Accountability</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The property that ensures that the actions of an entity can be
traced. [ISO 7498 - 2]</p></li>
<li><p>The concept that individual persons or entities can be held
responsible for specified actions, such as obtaining informed consent or
breaching confidentiality. [National Research Council, 1991]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Accreditation</td>
<td colspan="20">The certification bestowed by a duly recognized body
(i.e., agency, service, organization, or qualified individual) to the
facility, capability, objectivity, competency, and integrity of a
product or service provided.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ACM</td>
<td colspan="20">Association of Computing Machinery</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Acquisition</td>
<td colspan="20">Generic term for hardware, software, or services
acquired.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Activity</td>
<td colspan="20">An element of work performed during the course of a
project. Normally, an activity has an expected duration, cost, and
resource requirements and results in a deliverable or handoff to another
activity. In this way, the activity is tied back to the Work Breakdown
Structure. Activities are often subdivided into tasks.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Actual Cost (AC)</td>
<td colspan="20">Total costs incurred to date that must relate to
whatever cost was budgeted within the planned value and earned value
(which can have direct labor hours alone, direct costs alone, or all
costs including indirect costs) in accomplishing work within a given
time period.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5"><span id="ActualResult" class="anchor"></span>Actual
Result</td>
<td colspan="20">The outcome achieved as a result of a testing process.
The result may be manual or automated and is usually documented in a
results section of the Test Case that triggered the test execution. See
also <a href="#ExpectedResult">Expected Result</a>.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Adaptive Architecture</td>
<td colspan="20">A framework of design elements and specifications that
results in an orderly plan than can evolve to fit new circumstances
without destruction of the design or plan.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Adjusted Function Points</td>
<td colspan="20">The function point count obtained by applying 14
adjustment factors to a raw function point count.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Administrative Data Repository (ADR)</td>
<td colspan="20">The authoritative data store within VHA for
cross-cutting person administrative information. The Administrative Data
Repository contains identification and cross-cutting demographics data
as well as other administrative information. May also include subset of
EDB data. May also be referred to as ADR-N or ADR-L to designate a
national or local instance.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Administrative Data/Information</td>
<td colspan="20">Data/information collected during the course of a
health care event unrelated to the status of the individual's health or
health care. Includes demographics, provider identification, caregiver
identification, date and time of care, and other such data providing the
who, what, when, and where of data capture. [CPRI, 1995a]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Administrative User</td>
<td colspan="20"><p>An administrative user is a user with additional
privileges and security beyond the generic users available functionality
in the system.</p>
<p>The administrative user may have the ability to set up site,
application, or other users' parameters and system settings to be
utilized by the normal users of the system. The administrative user may
also have the security to monitor usage of the system by the normal
users</p></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ADT</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Admission, Discharge, Transfer</p></li>
<li><p>Automated Data Transfer</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Age</td>
<td colspan="20">Age of an enrollee at time of data extract.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">AHCPR</td>
<td colspan="20">Agency for Health Care Policy and Research</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">AHIMA</td>
<td colspan="20">American Health Information Management Association</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">AICS</td>
<td colspan="20">Automated Information Collection System</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Alpha Test</td>
<td colspan="20">A type of testing that evaluates a national package in
a production environment with “live data”. The purpose of Alpha Testing
is to obtain an early evaluation of the functionality of the package and
to provide a development environment for refinement of the software. The
test environment may either be a test laboratory or a hospital test
environment.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">American National Standards Institute (ANSI)</td>
<td colspan="20">The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a
privately funded, non-profit organization which coordinates the
development of voluntary standards in the United States and is the
agency that approves standards (as American National Standards). It
coordinates and manages U.S. participation in the work of several
non-governmental international standards organizations, including
ISO.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)</td>
<td colspan="20">ASTM International is an open forum for the development
of high-quality, market-relevant international standards used around the
globe. For more information, visit www.atsm.org.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">American Standard Code For Information Interchange
(ASCII)</td>
<td colspan="20">A widely used system for encoding characters for
processing and transmission between data processing systems, data
communication systems, and associated equipment.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">AMIE</td>
<td colspan="20">Automated Medical Information Exchange</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Anomaly</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A deviation from expectations, norms, rules, standards, and
conventions.</p></li>
<li><p>A deviation found during a work product review.</p></li>
<li><p>An item that is inaccurate, missing, or contradictory.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">ANSI</td>
<td colspan="20">American National Standards Institute</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Application Program Interface (API)</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The interface, or set of functions, between the application
software and the application platform</p></li>
<li><p>The means by which an application designer enters and retrieves
information.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Applicant</td>
<td colspan="20">Any individual applying for VHA healthcare
benefits.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Application</td>
<td colspan="20">Any software that executes logic or rules which allow
people to interface with the computer and programs which collect,
manipulate, summarize, and report data and information.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Application Architecture</td>
<td colspan="20">A specification of how a software application is
designed and how it cooperates at its boundaries inclusive of
Application Program Interfaces and External Environment Interfaces. Good
application architecture enables a high and efficient level of data
interchange, reuse of components and rapid deployment of applications in
response to changing business requirements.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Application Capability</td>
<td colspan="20">A function addressing a specific, well-defined
responsibility that has a name and exists in the context of an
<em>Application Component</em>. <em>Application Capabilities</em> are
the lowest level of granularity represented in CAIP, and are invokable.
Capabilities may invoke other capabilities, making them compositional.
<em>Local Capabilities</em> exist within an Application Component and
may be directly invoked by other capabilities within that component.
<em>Remote Capabilities</em> cannot be accessed directly, but invoked by
using interfaces defined on <em>Application Services</em> that
ultimately delegate responsibility to the appropriate capability.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Application Platform</td>
<td colspan="20">The collection of hardware and software components that
provide the services used by specific software applications.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Application Portability Profile (APP)</td>
<td colspan="20">The structure that integrates Federal, national,
international, and other specifications to provide the functionality
necessary to accommodate the broad range of Federal information
technology requirements.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Application Service Provider (ASP)</td>
<td colspan="20">A third party company or organization providing hosting
services for applications on their own infrastructure, generally offered
as a fee-for-service capability.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Approach</td>
<td colspan="20">The overall strategy for testing. The Approach, also
known as Test Strategy, specifies features to be tested, major test
activities, test techniques, and tools that are used for testing. See
also <a href="#TestStrategy">Test Strategy</a>.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">APW</td>
<td colspan="20">Architecture Planning Workgroup</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5"><span id="AR" class="anchor"></span>AR</td>
<td colspan="20">Algorithmic Research</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Archetype</td>
<td colspan="20">The original pattern or model of which all things of
the same type are representations or copies.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Architecture</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Imposes order and makes interconnections possible. Generally
defined as an intermediate step between initial requirements and
business functional specifications during which the entire complex of
hardware, software, and design considerations are viewed as a whole.
Refers to a blueprint for evolving a technical infrastructure.</p></li>
<li><p>The style or method of design and construction that comprises the
elements of an information system and defines the purpose and
interrelationships of those elements.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Architecture Requirements (AR)</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A set of constraints and framework under which a business driven
enterprise architecture must operate. AR defines the basic IT
requirements needed to enable and support the key enterprise business
strategies or business drivers of the enterprise.</p></li>
<li><p>See also <a href="#AR">AR</a></p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Artifact</td>
<td colspan="20"><p>A piece of information that:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Is produced, modified, or used by a process</p></li>
<li><p>Defines an area of responsibility</p></li>
<li><p>Is subject to version control.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>An artifact can be a model, a model element, or a document.</p></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Artificial Intelligence (AI)</td>
<td colspan="20">AI is the use of computer technology to perform
functions that are normally associated with human intelligence, such as
reasoning, learning, and self-improvement.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ASC X12</td>
<td colspan="20">Accredited Standards Committee X12</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">ASIS</td>
<td colspan="20">Application Structure &amp; Integration Services</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ASP</td>
<td colspan="20">Application Service Provider</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Assessment</td>
<td colspan="20">A general term for the formal review of a process.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Assurance</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A measure of confidence that a system’s security features have
been implemented and work property. [O’Reilly]</p></li>
<li><p>Justified confidence in the security of a system.</p></li>
<li><p>Development, documentation, testing, procedural, and operational
activities carried out to ensure that a system’s security services do in
fact provide the claimed level of protection. [CORBA Security Services,
1997]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">ASTM</td>
<td colspan="20">American Society for Testing and Materials</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ASU</td>
<td colspan="20">Authorization and Subscription Utility</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Asymmetric Encryption</td>
<td colspan="20">A form of cryptography in which encryption and
decryption are performed using two different keys, one of which is
referred to as the public key and one of which is referred to as the
private key. Also known as public-key encryption. [Stallings]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Asymmetric Key</td>
<td colspan="20">One half of a key pair used in an asymmetric
(public-key) encryption system.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Asynch</td>
<td colspan="20">Asynchronous; without regular time relationship;
unexpected or unpredictable with respect to the execution of a program's
instructions; a physical transfer of data to or from a device that
occurs without a regular or predictable time relationship.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)</td>
<td colspan="20">A high-speed connection-oriented data transmission
method that provides bandwidth on demand through packet-switching
techniques using fixed-sized cells. ATM supports both time-sensitive and
time-insensitive traffic, and is defined in CCITT standards as the
transport method for B-ISDN services. Cell-switching technology that
operates at high data rates: up to 622 Mbps currently, but potential
data rates could reach Gbps. ATM runs on an optical fiber network that
uses Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) protocols for moving data
between ATM switches.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Attack</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The act of aggressively trying to bypass security controls. The
fact that an attack is made does not necessarily mean that it will
succeed. The degree of success depends on the vulnerability of the
system and the effectiveness of existing countermeasures. [Fites and
Kratz, 1993]</p></li>
<li><p>An attempt to bypass security controls on a system. An active
attack alters data. A passive attack releases data. Whether or not an
attack will succeed depends on the vulnerability of the system and the
effectiveness of existing countermeasures. [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Attributes</td>
<td colspan="20">Things the product can do are attributes. They are
described using the product as the subject and what the product does
(compounded with shall or will) as the verb.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Audit</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A formal and detailed review of the progress, costs, operations,
results, or some other aspect of a project or system performed by an
independent party.</p></li>
<li><p>To record independently and later examine system activity (e.g.,
logins and logouts, file accesses, security violations). See security
audit. [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Audit Event</td>
<td colspan="20">The data collected about a system event for inclusion
in the system audit log. [CORBA Security Services, 1997]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Audit Trail</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Data collected and potentially used to facilitate a security
audit. [ISO 7498-2]</p></li>
<li><p>The chronological set of records that provides evidence of system
activity. These records can be used to reconstruct, review, and examine
transactions from inception to output of final results. The records can
also be used to track system usage and detect and identify intruders.
[O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
<li><p>Documentary evidence of monitoring each operation of individuals
on health information. [National Research Council, 1991]</p></li>
<li><p>Audit trails may be comprehensive or specific to the individual
and information. For example, an audit trail may be a record of all
actions taken by anyone on a particularly sensitive file. [OTA,
1993]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Austin Automation Center (AAC)</td>
<td colspan="20">The Austin Automation Center is located in Austin,
Texas and provides national technical and database support for the
VHA.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Authentication</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The process of verifying the identity of an end user or process.
Authentication may be accomplished using various methods such as user ID
and password, digital signature, or biometrics devices.</p></li>
<li><p>The corroboration that an entity is the one claimed. [ISO 7498 -
2]</p></li>
<li><p>The process of proving that a subject (e.g., a user or a system)
is what the subject claims to be. Authentication is a measure used to
verify the eligibility of a subject and the ability of that subject to
access certain information. It protects against the fraudulent use of a
system or the fraudulent transmission of information. There are three
classic ways to authenticate oneself: something you know, something you
have, and something you are. [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
<li><p>Providing assurance regarding the identity of subject (author) or
object (information). [ASTM 1762]</p></li>
<li><p>Authentication of data origin is corroboration that the source of
data is received as is claimed [ASTM E1762]</p></li>
<li><p>Authentication of user is the provision of assurance of the
claimed identity of an individual or entity [ASTM E1762]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Authentication and Authorization Infrastructure Program
(AAIP)</td>
<td colspan="20">A course-grained security service which controls what
user can run which application.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Authentication Service</td>
<td colspan="20">A finer grained, application level Authentication and
Authorization Service which controls what business function a user can
perform.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Authenticity</td>
<td colspan="20">A security principle that ensures that a message is
received in exactly the form in which it was sent. See also message
authentication and message authentication code. [O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Authoritative (Data) Store</td>
<td colspan="20">An indicator showing that the data within the store
should be considered the ultimate authority for its designated scope and
context. There can be only one authoritative store for any data element
within a given scope and context at one point in time.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Authoritative Service</td>
<td colspan="20">An indicator showing that the affiliated data, service,
or capability can be considered the ultimate authority (e.g., the
reference version and guaranteed-accurate within the VHA enterprise) for
its designated scope. There can be only one authoritative source for any
given thing within the enterprise at one point-in-time.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Authoritative Source</td>
<td colspan="20">An indicator showing that the affiliated data, service,
or capability can be considered the ultimate authority (e.g., the
reference version and guaranteed-accurate within the VHA enterprise) for
its designated scope. There can be only one authoritative source for any
given thing within the enterprise at one point-in-time. An application
or service does not necessarily need to directly invoke an authoritative
source, but instead may invoke another service or underlying capability
whose source of the data is the authoritative source.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Authoritative Store</td>
<td colspan="20">An indicator showing that the data within the store
should be considered the ultimate authority for its designated scope and
context. There can be only one authoritative store for any given thing
within the enterprise at one point in time.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Authorization</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The process of determining whether the end user’s use of
resources is permitted and of granting appropriate systems, network, or
resource access. Authorization prevents unauthorized access and deters
attempts to gain access.</p></li>
<li><p>The granting of rights, which includes the granting of access
based on access rights. [ISO 7498 - 2]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Authorize</td>
<td colspan="20">Granting of rights, which includes granting of access
based on access rights. [ISO 7498-2]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Authorized Disclosure</td>
<td colspan="20">The release of personally identifiable information to a
third party upon authorization. [Abdelhak, 1996]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Automated Data Processing Application Coordinator
(ADPAC)</td>
<td colspan="20">The application experts and administrators. They set
system definition parameters and insure that users are doing what they
need to regarding use of the applications. There are ADPACs for many of
the clinical services at VA facilities, and they oversee the use of
their associated VistA applications.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Automated Test Script</td>
<td colspan="20">A file created that is executed via a test automation
to simulate manual or user interaction with the system. The script is
tied to a specific Test Case that documents the Test Condition, Data
Set-up, Input, and Expected results. The actual results are confirmed
either manually or via an automated tool or method (mechanized compare
tool).</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Automated Testing</td>
<td colspan="20">The use of automation tools to perform the testing or
verification of test execution.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Availability</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The property of being accessible and useable upon demand by an
authorized entity. [ISO 7498 - 2]</p></li>
<li><p>The probability that system functional capabilities are ready for
use by a user at any time, where all time is considered, including
operations, repair, administration, and logistic time. Availability is
further defined by system category for both routine and priority
operations.</p></li>
<li><p>The portion of time that a system that is scheduled to operate
actually can be used as expected.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Average or mean</td>
<td colspan="20">The most common expression of the centering of a
distribution. It is calculated by totaling the observed values and
dividing by the number of observations.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table style="width:100%;">
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<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th><a href="#M">M</a></th>
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<th><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="26"><span id="B" class="anchor"></span>B</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="5">Term</th>
<th colspan="21">Definition</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Backbone</td>
<td colspan="20">A central high-speed network that connects smaller,
lower speed, independent networks. The NSFnet is an example.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Bandwidth</td>
<td colspan="20">The range of frequencies occupied by an
information-bearing signal or that can be accommodated by a transmission
medium.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Baseline</td>
<td colspan="20">The original approved plan (for a project, work
package, or activity), plus or minus approved scope changes. Usually
used with a modifier (e.g., cost baseline, schedule baseline,
performance measurement baseline). Also called Baseline Plan.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Batch</td>
<td colspan="20">Form of processing whereby input of a type is kept
together and then processed all at one time, generally considered an
older style of processing but still necessary for some
applications.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><span id="BayPinesTestLab" class="anchor"></span>Bay
Pines Test Lab</td>
<td colspan="20">The Bay Pines Test Lab houses hardware and software for
use by Project Teams. The test lab provides multiple platforms and test
configurations in a controlled and managed environment. Project team
personnel execute the tests. The test lab does not execute tests. For
more information, visit <a
href="http://vista.med.va.gov/ivv/">http://vista.med.va.gov/ivv/</a>.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">BCA</td>
<td colspan="20">Business Case Analysis</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">BCMA</td>
<td colspan="20">Bar Code Medication Administration</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Benchmark Testing</td>
<td colspan="20">A type of performance testing that compares the
performance of new or unknown functionality to a known reference
standard such as existing software or measurements. For example,
benchmark testing may compare the performance of current systems with
the performance of a Linux/Oracle system.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">BEST</td>
<td colspan="20">Business Enterprise Solutions and Technologies</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Best Practices</td>
<td colspan="20">Frequently repeated actions or customs that have been
shown in actual application to be of value. Proven practices.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Beta Test</td>
<td colspan="20">A type of testing performed in a live hospital
environment. The primary purpose of Beta testing is to measure and
enhance the portability of the package. A secondary goal is to further
evaluate the functionality of the package in varied environments.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">BHIE</td>
<td colspan="20">Bi-directional Health Information Exchange</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Biometrics</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The statistical study of biological data. In computer security,
the use of unique, quantifiable physiological, behavioral, and
morphological characteristics to provide positive personal
identification. Examples of such characteristics are fingerprints,
retina patterns, and signatures. [O’Reilly]</p></li>
<li><p>A biometric identification system identifies a human from a
measurement of a physical feature or repeatable action of the individual
(e.g., hand geometry, retinal scan, iris scan, fingerprint patterns,
facial characteristics, DNA sequence characteristics, voice prints, and
hand written signature). [ASTM E1762]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Black Box Testing</td>
<td colspan="20">A type of functional testing that is not based on any
knowledge of internal software design or code. Rather, black box testing
is based on requirements and functionality.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">BSC</td>
<td colspan="20">Balanced Score Card</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Budget</td>
<td colspan="20">A planned sequence of expenditures over time with costs
assigned to specific tasks and activities.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Budget At Completion (BAC)</td>
<td colspan="20">The sum of the total budgets for a project.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP)</td>
<td colspan="20">See <a href="#EarnedValue">Earned Value</a>.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Build</td>
<td colspan="20"><p>An operational version of a system or part of a
system that demonstrates a subset of the capabilities to be provided in
the final product.</p>
<p>Log folders and logs are organized by build in Test Manager.</p></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Build Verification Testing</td>
<td colspan="20">A type of testing performed after the Smoke test for
each new build and the baseline compared with the actual object
properties in the current build. The output from this test indicates
what object properties have changed or don't meet the requirements.
Together with the Smoke test, the Build Verification test may be
utilized by projects to determine if additional functional testing is
appropriate for a given build or if a build is ready for
production.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Business Activity</td>
<td colspan="20">Decomposition of subprocess. Activities are actions
required to produce a particular result. Resources can be applied to
activities. Activities can be costed (Activity based costing-- ABC).
Example, obtain materials and supplies</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Business Alignment</td>
<td colspan="20">The positioning of information technology to match the
needs of the business. With respect to Veterans Health Administration,
this implies that information technology implementation enable the range
of functions in support of our mission.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Business Architecture</td>
<td colspan="20">A knowledge base that catalogs and describes the work
performed to realize VHA’s mission, vision, and goals. It includes a
depiction of the organization and functions of the Veterans Health
Administration and the business processes that support those
functions.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Business Case</td>
<td colspan="20">Structured proposal for business improvement that
functions as a decision package for organizational decision-makers. It
may contain the goals of the project and how those goals support the
goals of the enterprise. Other sections may include a cost/benefit
analysis, a requirement analysis, and a make or buy analysis. A business
case usually includes a comprehensive fiscal analysis and estimate.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Business Cycle Testing</td>
<td colspan="20">A type of testing that focuses upon activities and
transactions performed end to end over time. This test type executes the
functionality associated with a period of time, such as, one-week,
month, or year. These tests include all daily, weekly, and monthly
cycles, and events that are date-sensitive, such as, end of the month
management reports, monthly reports, quarterly reports, and year-end
reports</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Business Drivers</td>
<td colspan="20">External and internal forces (e.g. legislative,
healthcare, executive leadership, program office) that create a need for
business action or "drive" the organization's business, as well as
significant enterprise-level strategies that an organization defines in
response to these forces.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Business Function</td>
<td colspan="20">A high-level grouping of related processes within an
organization. Example: financial management, patient care services</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Business Object Model</td>
<td colspan="20"><p>Describes the entities and how they interact to
deliver the functionality necessary to realize the business use
cases.</p>
<p>An object model describing the business use cases.</p></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Business Process (Also Called Subprocess)</td>
<td colspan="20">A group of activities that takes an input, transforms
it, and provides an output to an internal/external customer. Any
company/organization typically comprises 40 to 60 processes.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Business Process Re-Engineering (BPR)</td>
<td colspan="20">The fundamental analysis and redesign of business
processes and management systems, job definitions, organizational
structures and beliefs and behaviors to achieve dramatic performance
improvements to meet contemporary requirements. Information technology
(IT) is a key enabler in this process.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Business Reference Model (BRM)</td>
<td colspan="20">A function-driven framework that describes the Lines of
Business and Internal Functions performed by the Federal government
independent of the agencies that perform them. Major IT investments are
mapped to the BRM to identify collaboration opportunities.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Business Requirements</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Requirements state the customer needs the project output will
satisfy. Requirements typically start with phrase “The system shall …”.
Business requirements refer to how the project will satisfy the business
mission of the customer.</p></li>
<li><p>Business requirements refer to business functions of the project,
such as project management, financial management, or change
management.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Business Rule</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A policy imposed by the business, or an external entity, on the
system used in the process of conducting that business.</p></li>
<li><p>A special category of a requirement. A business rule is
directive, policy, or procedure within an organization that describes
the relationship between two or more entities. Business rules may also
come from outside sources such as government regulations and membership
association guidelines.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Business Rule Artifact</td>
<td colspan="20">An artifact that contains a declaration of policies and
business constraints that restrict the functionality of the system being
developed. It accurately represents the principles that govern the way
business is done.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Business Service</td>
<td colspan="20">A business service is a core and differentiating
service that supports particular business goals the enterprise cares
about. These independent business services typically implement a
meaningful business process or task that is provided to users or other
businesses the enterprise interacts with. The business service itself is
assembled from a set of integration services and the resulting assembly
is deployed and managed in the on demand infrastructure.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Business Task</td>
<td colspan="20">Decomposition of activity. Normally, an individual
performs tasks. It is the lowest decomposition of a process. Example:
complete purchase order.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Business Units</td>
<td colspan="20">Organizational elements that have been established to
address specific enterprise-wide business needs of the VA and VHA and
are operated and maintained individually.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Business Use Case Model</td>
<td colspan="20">A model of the system’s intended functions and its
environment.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table>
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<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="26"><span id="C" class="anchor"></span>C</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="5">Term</th>
<th colspan="21">Definition</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">C&amp;A</td>
<td colspan="21">Certification and Accreditation</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CA</td>
<td colspan="21">Certificate Authority</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CAB</td>
<td colspan="21">Capital Asset Board</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Cache</td>
<td colspan="21">Cache memory is a small area of very fast RAM used to
speed exchange of data. Also, a file or directory included on your
computer's hard drive which automatically stores the text and graphics
from a web page you pull up, which, in turn, allows you to go back to
that web page, without having to wait for the information to
reload.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Caché</td>
<td colspan="21">An ‘M’ based product (by InterSystems) which has been
selected as the next generation VistA platform.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CAIP</td>
<td colspan="21">Cross-Application Integration Protocol</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CAP</td>
<td colspan="21">College of American Pathologists</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Capital Assets</td>
<td colspan="21">Land, structures, equipment, intellectual property
(e.g., software), and information technology (IT), including IT service
contracts, that are used by the federal government and have an estimated
useful life of two years or more. See Appendix One of the Capital
Programming Guide for a more complete definition of capital assets.
Capital assets do not include items acquired for resale in the ordinary
course of operations or items that are acquired for physical
consumption, such as operating materials and supplies.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Capital Planning And Investment Control (CPIC)</td>
<td colspan="21">The same as capital programming and is a
decision-making process for ensuring that IT investments integrate
strategic planning, budgeting, procurement, and the management of IT in
support of agency missions and business needs. The term comes from the
Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 and generally is used in relationship to IT
management issues.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Capital Programming</td>
<td colspan="21">An integrated process within an agency for planning,
budgeting, procurement, and management of the agency’s portfolio of
capital assets to achieve agency strategic goals and objectives with the
lowest life-cycle cost and least risk.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Capital Project (Investment)</td>
<td colspan="21">The acquisition of a capital asset and the management
of that asset through its life-cycle after the initial acquisition.
Capital projects (investments) may consist of several useful
segments</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CASE</td>
<td colspan="21">Computer Assisted Software Engineering</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CBA</td>
<td colspan="21">Cost Benefit Analysis</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CBAC</td>
<td colspan="21">Context-Based Access Control</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CBO</td>
<td colspan="21">Chief Business Office</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CBOC</td>
<td colspan="21">Community-Based Outpatient Clinic</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CBPM</td>
<td colspan="21">Current Business Process Model</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CBSE</td>
<td colspan="21">Component Based Software Engineering</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CCB</td>
<td colspan="21">Change Control Board</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CDC</td>
<td colspan="21">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CDIM</td>
<td colspan="21">Constrained Domain Information Model (HL7)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">CDIM</td>
<td colspan="19">Constrained Domain Information Model (Hl7)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CDR</td>
<td colspan="21">Clinical Data Repository. For the term Clinical Data
Repository, now see Health Data Repository or HDR).</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CDS</td>
<td colspan="21">Clinical Data Service</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CDT</td>
<td colspan="21">Current Dental Terminology</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CDW</td>
<td colspan="21">Corporate Data Warehouse</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CEN</td>
<td colspan="21">European Committee for Standardization (Committee
European de Normalisation)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CEN TC 251</td>
<td colspan="21">European Committee for Standardization (Committee
European de Normalisation) Technical Committee for Health
Informatics</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Certification</td>
<td colspan="21"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The technical evaluation performed as part of, and in support of,
the accreditation process that establishes the extent to which a
particular computer system or network design and implementation meet a
pre-specified set of security requirements. [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
<li><p>The administrative act of approving a system for use in a
particular application. [National Research Council, 1991]</p></li>
<li><p>The procedure and action by a duly authorized body of
determining, verifying, and attesting in writing to the qualifications
of personnel, processes, procedures, or items in accordance with
applicable requirements.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Certification Authority</td>
<td colspan="21"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A party trusted to vouch for the binding between names or
identities and public keys. Also known as a “Certificate Authority
(CA)”. In some systems, certification authorities generate public keys.
[CORBA Security Services, 1997]</p></li>
<li><p>A trusted issuer of certification. [National Research Council,
1991]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CHAMPUS</td>
<td colspan="21">Civilian Health and Medical Program Uniformed
Service</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Change Control</td>
<td colspan="21"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The processes, procedures and responsibilities for identifying,
evaluating and managing change. Integration is achieved by assessing a
potential change’s impact to all relevant aspects of a project,
primarily scope, cost, schedule, risk and quality. Change control
involves implementing a process change requests and the systematic
tracking of change assessment and implementation.</p></li>
<li><p>The ability to coordinate, track, and manage change to the
baseline of a project’s configurable items. Change Control for a project
within the VA OI should satisfy all Change Management criteria
established by and for each project. These criteria should include the
capability to satisfy all project plan objectives while maintaining the
stability and integrity of the product baseline within the
project.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Change Management (CM)</td>
<td colspan="21"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The process of implementing change control.</p></li>
<li><p>The active involvement of project management in monitoring and
controlling the change control process.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CHCS</td>
<td colspan="21">Composite Health Care System (Dept. of Defense)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CHCS II</td>
<td colspan="21">Composite Health Care System II (DOD)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CHDR</td>
<td colspan="21">Clinical Data Repository/Health Data Repository</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Checkpoint</td>
<td colspan="21">A point in the development process at which project
state, status, and results are examined, recorded, and measured.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CHIS</td>
<td colspan="21">Center for Health Information Security</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CHISS</td>
<td colspan="21">Common Health Information Security System</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CHR</td>
<td colspan="21">Consolidated Health Record</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CIB</td>
<td colspan="21">Capital Investment Board</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5"><span class="smallcaps">CIM</span></td>
<td colspan="21">Corporate Information Model</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CIO</td>
<td colspan="21">Chief Information Officer</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CIOFO</td>
<td colspan="21">Chief Information Office Field Office</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CIP</td>
<td colspan="21">Capital Investment Proposal or Capital Investment
Plan</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CIRN</td>
<td colspan="21">Clinical Information Resources Network</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CISSP</td>
<td colspan="21">Certified Information Systems Security
Professional</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">ClearQuest</td>
<td colspan="21">A Rational tool used to track and report anomalies,
test incidents, defects, issues, change requests, risks, and internal
quality audit results. ClearQuest integrates with RequisitePro,
ClearCase, Test Manager, and Robot to provide traceability throughout
the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Clinical Context Object Workgroup (CCOW)</td>
<td colspan="21">A context management standard owned by HL7 used to
coordinate access across multiple [workstation client] applications. The
CCOW acronym formerly represented the Clinical Context Object Workgroup
that was defining this specification, but now has no formal
meaning..</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Clinical Data Repository</td>
<td colspan="21">See <a href="#HealthDataRepository">Health Data
Repository</a></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Clinical Data/Information</td>
<td colspan="21">Data/information related to the health and health care
of an individual collected from or about an individual receiving health
care services. It includes a caregiver's objective measurement or
subjective evaluation of a patient's physical or mental state of health;
descriptions of an individual's health history and family health
history; diagnostic studies; decision rationale; descriptions of
procedures performed; findings; therapeutic interventions; medications
prescribed; description of responses to treatment; prognostic
statements; and descriptions of socio-economic and environmental factors
related to the patient's health. [CPRI, 1996b; ASTM 1769]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)</td>
<td colspan="21">The CDA is a document markup standard for the structure
and semantics of exchanged “clinical documents”. A clinical document is
a documentation of observations and other services with the following
characteristics: Persistence, Stewardship, Potential for authentication,
Wholeness and Human readability. A CDA document is a defined and
complete information object that can exist outside of a message, and can
include text, sounds, and other multimedia content.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Clinical Observation Access Service (COAS)</td>
<td colspan="21">See <a href="#ContentAccessService">Content Access
Service</a>.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Clinical Template</td>
<td colspan="21">A special instance of an information template with the
purpose of transmitting clinical or clinically relevant information
across points of care. Note that work is ongoing within the HL7
organization’s Clinical Templates SIG to identify and define Clinical
Templates to support the requirements identified within that standards
body.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Closeout</td>
<td colspan="21">The last phase of a project. Closeout involves closing
contracts, archiving records, completing project administrative tasks,
and conducting final project reviews.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5"><span id="CM" class="anchor"></span>CM</td>
<td colspan="21">Change Management</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CMM</td>
<td colspan="21">Capability Maturity Model</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CMOP</td>
<td colspan="21">Consolidated Mail Outpatient Pharmacy</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">CMOR</td>
<td colspan="21"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Coordinating Master of Records</p></li>
<li><p>CIRN Master of Records</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CMP</td>
<td colspan="21">Configuration Management Plan -- The CMP defines the
implementation (including policies and methods) of configuration
Management on a particular program/project.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5"><span class="smallcaps">CMS</span></td>
<td colspan="21">Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">CO</td>
<td colspan="21">Central Office</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">COG</td>
<td colspan="21">Continuity of Government</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">COM+</td>
<td colspan="21">Component Object Model +</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS)</td>
<td colspan="21">Commercially available applications sold by vendors
through public catalogue listings. COTS software is not intended to be
customized or enhanced.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)</td>
<td colspan="21">Simply stated, CORBA allows applications to communicate
with one another no matter where they are located or who has designed
them. CORBA version 1.1 was introduced in 1991 by Object Management
Group (OMG) and defined the Interface Definition Language (IDL) and the
Application Programming Interfaces (API) that enable client/server
object interaction within a specific implementation of an Object Request
Broker (ORB). CORBA 2.0, adopted in December of 1994, defines true
interoperability by specifying how ORBs from different vendors can
interoperate. The ORB is the middleware that establishes the
client-server relationships between objects. Using an ORB, a client can
transparently invoke a method on a server object, which can be on the
same machine or across a network. The ORB intercepts the call and is
responsible for finding an object that can implement the request, pass
it the parameters, invoke its method, and return the results. The client
does not have to be aware of where the object is located, its
programming language, its operating system, or any other system aspects
that are not part of an object's interface. In so doing, the ORB
provides interoperability between applications on different machines in
heterogeneous distributed environments and seamlessly interconnects
multiple object systems.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Common Service</td>
<td colspan="21">A commonly utilized business, middleware, and
infrastructure service that supports HealtheVet-VistA architecture and
application development. (From the VHA OI Common Services website)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Common Warehouse Meta-Model (CWM)</td>
<td colspan="21">An OMG standard specification for exchanging data
warehouse and business intelligence metadata between tools/products. It
leverages three existing industry standards: the OMG's Unified Modeling
Language (UML), the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), and OMG's XML
Metadata Interchange (XMI).</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Communications Management</td>
<td colspan="21">Components: Internal architecture of the product is
built from the components.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Communications Management Plan</td>
<td colspan="21">The Communications Management Plan describes how the
various types of project information are distributed, reviewed, updated
and filed.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Compliance</td>
<td colspan="21"><ol type="1">
<li><p>An affirmative indication or judgment that the supplier of a
product or service has met the requirements of the relevant
specifications, contract, or regulation.</p></li>
<li><p>The state of meeting the requirements.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Compliance Testing</td>
<td colspan="21">A type of testing that verifies that a collection of
software and hardware fulfills given specifications. For example, these
tests will minimally include, not excluding any others that may come up
like, "core specifications for rehosting - ver.1.5-draft 3.doc", Section
508 of the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1998, Race and Ethnicity
Test, and VA Directive 6102 Compliance.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Components</td>
<td colspan="21">Individual parts of an organized whole. A set of
discrete parts that must be combined to produce a working and useful
result. A component-based architecture will allow for significant
flexibility in application implementation and adaptation. Components
will comprise the building-blocks from which software systems are
built.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Computer-based Patient Record System (CPRS)</td>
<td colspan="21">The people, data, rules and procedures, processing and
storage devices, and communication and support facilities that provide
the capture, storage, processing, communication, security, and
presentation of computer-based patient record information. [CPRI,
1995a]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Concept Definition</td>
<td colspan="21">A phase of a project where the initial business case
(based on a business need) is tested and the viability of the proposed
solution and approach is explored. During the Concept Definition phase,
the project is “initiated” or “chartered” and the Project Sponsor,
Business Sponsor, and/or Project Manager is given authority to proceed
with the project.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Conceptual Architecture</td>
<td colspan="21">A notional design that indicates the overall intent and
outline of the target architecture. It is not a product or vendor
specific. A conceptual architecture serves to form the wire-frame and
define the process that will be used to develop the target
architecture.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Confidence Level</td>
<td colspan="21">A level of assurance, stated as a percentage, for a
budget or schedule estimate. The higher the confidence level, the lower
the risk.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Confidentiality</td>
<td colspan="21"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A condition in which information is shared or released in a
controlled manner. [National Research Council, 1997]</p></li>
<li><p>The property that information is not made available or disclosed
to unauthorized individuals, entities or processes. [ISO 7498 -
2]</p></li>
<li><p>A security principle that keeps information from being disclosed
to any one not authorized to access it. [O’Reilly]</p></li>
<li><p>The act of limiting disclosure of private matters maintaining the
trust that an individual has placed in one that has been entrusted with
private matters. [CPRI, 1995b]</p></li>
<li><p>The status accorded to data or information indicating that it is
sensitive for some reason, and that therefore it needs to be protected
against theft or improper use and must be disseminated only to
individuals or organizations authorized to have it. [Ball and Collen,
1992; OTA, 1993]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Configuration</td>
<td colspan="21">The functional and/or physical characteristics of
hardware/software as set forth in technical documentation and achieved
in a product.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Configuration Control (CC)</td>
<td colspan="21">The systematic evaluation, co-ordination, approval or
disapproval, and dissemination of proposed changes and implementation of
all approved changes in the configuration of any item after formal
establishment of its configuration baseline.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Configuration Control Board (CCB)</td>
<td colspan="21">A board composed of technical and administrative
representatives who approve or disapprove proposed engineering changes
to an approved baseline.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Configuration Identification</td>
<td colspan="21">An element of configuration management consisting of
selecting the configuration items for a product, assigning unique
identifiers to them, and recording their functional and physical
characteristics in technical documentation. (CMMI-SE/SW, v1.02)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Configuration Item</td>
<td colspan="21">An item that is identified to be placed under the
control of configuration management. (CMMI-SE/SW, v1.02)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Configuration Management (CM)</td>
<td colspan="21"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A discipline applying technical and administrative direction and
surveillance to identify and document the functional and physical
characteristics of a configuration item, control changes to those
characteristics, record and report change processing and implementation
status, and verify compliance with specified requirements. (IEEE Std.
610.12-1990)</p></li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>The five major activities of configuration management are:</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>Configuration Identification</p></li>
<li><p>Configuration Control</p></li>
<li><p>Configuration Status Accounting</p></li>
<li><p>Configuration Audit</p></li>
<li><p>Delivery</p></li>
<li><p>See also <a href="#CM">CM</a>.</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Configuration Testing</td>
<td colspan="19">A type of testing concerned with checking the program’s
compatibility with as many possible configurations of hardware and
system software. In most production environments, the particular
hardware specifications for the client workstations, network
connections, and database servers vary. Client workstations may have
different software loaded on them at any one time (e.g., applications,
drivers, etc.) These different combinations, when running, can use
different amounts of resources. The goal of the configuration test is
finding hardware combinations that should be, but are not, compatible
with a program.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Connectivity</td>
<td colspan="19">The potential (of a computer-based patient record
system) to establish links to or interact effectively (with another
computer system). [Institute of Medicine, 1994]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">CONOPS</td>
<td colspan="19">Concept of Operations</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Consent</td>
<td colspan="19"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The agreement of an individual for a given action relative to the
individual. [Huffman, 1985]</p></li>
<li><p>In health care, consent refers to a communication process between
the caregiver and the patient, and may refer to consent for treatment,
special procedures, release of information, and advanced directives
(which give instructions regarding the patient's wishes in special
medical situations {Patient Self-Determination Act, December 1991}).
[Abdelhak, 1996]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Constraint</td>
<td colspan="19"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Generic term for a nonfunctional requirement imposed upon a
computer system.</p></li>
<li><p>A semantic condition or restriction.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Consultative Committee For International Telephone And
Telegraphy (CCITT)</td>
<td colspan="19">An international committee that specifies international
communication standards.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7"><span id="ContentAccessService"
class="anchor"></span>Content Access Service (COAS)</td>
<td colspan="19">An OMG standard, COAS is an interface specification in
IDL defining a common access mechanism for the retrieval of information
content within a distributed infrastructure. The standard was formerly
known as the Clinical Observation Access Service.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Contention Testing</td>
<td colspan="19">A type of performance testing that executes tests that
cause the application to fail with regard to actual or simulated
concurrency. Contention testing identifies failures associated with
locking, deadlock, livelock, starvation, race conditions, priority
inversion, data loss, loss of memory, and lack of thread safety in
shared software components or data.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Contingency Plan</td>
<td colspan="19">The development of a management plan that identifies
alternative strategies to be used to ensure project success if specified
risk events occur.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Continuity Of Government (COG)</td>
<td colspan="19">The principle of establishing defined procedures that
allow a government to continue its essential operations in case of a
nuclear war or other catastrophic event. [Wikipedia, 2005]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)</td>
<td colspan="19">A methodology intent on meeting or exceeding customer
requirements by continuous improvement and innovation in products,
processes, and services.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Continuously Available Systems</td>
<td colspan="19">Fault-tolerant systems that eliminate all downtime,
planned and unplanned. The hardware and software can be upgraded while
the system is running.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Control</td>
<td colspan="19">The process of comparing actual performance with
planned performance, analyzing variances, evaluating possible
alternatives and taking appropriate corrective action as needed.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Control Unit</td>
<td colspan="19">Circuits that sequence, interpret, and carry out
instructions from central processing units.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Controlled Vocabulary/Terminology</td>
<td colspan="19">Controlled vocabularies/terminologies provide a means
to capture, identify, and relate complex concepts into a codified form.
The following criteria are among those criteria that have achieved broad
international acceptance as the fundamental principles to which
controlled vocabularies/terminologies must adhere: Multipurpose, content
expressiveness, concept-orientation and permanence, non-semantic concept
identification, polyarchial, formally defined, support of multiple
granularities and multiple consistent views, etc.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">COOP</td>
<td colspan="19">Continuity of Operations Planning</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">CORBA</td>
<td colspan="19">Common Object Request Broker Architecture</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Core Process</td>
<td colspan="19">A group of related (and end-to-end) processes that
together create value (product/service) for a customer. Most
organizations have 6-8 core processes that drive their business.
Example: admit-to-bill/discharge.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Corrective Action</td>
<td colspan="19">Action taken to eliminate the cause of a detected
nonconformity or an undesired situation.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Cost Performance Index (CPI)</td>
<td colspan="19">The ratio of work accomplished against money spent. CPI
equals Earned Value/Actual Cost. It is “bad” when it is less than one.
It is often used to predict the magnitude of a possible cost using the
following formula: Budget at Completion/CPI = project cost to
completion.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Cost Variance (CV)</td>
<td colspan="19">The difference between what is planned to be spent for
the work accomplished (Earned Value) and what was spent (Actual Cost).
Cost Variance = Earned Value Actual Cost.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">COTS</td>
<td colspan="19">Commercial Off The Shelf</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Countermeasure</td>
<td colspan="19">An action, device, procedure, technique, or other
measure that reduces the vulnerability of a system or a threat to that
system. [O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Covert Channel</td>
<td colspan="19">A communications channel that allows a process to
transfer information in a way that violates a system’s security policy.
[O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">CPRI-HOST</td>
<td colspan="19">Computerized Patient Record Institute-Healthcare Open
Systems and Trials</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">CPRS</td>
<td colspan="19">Computerized Patient Record System</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">CPRS-R</td>
<td colspan="19">CPRS Re-engineering Project</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">CPT-4</td>
<td colspan="19">Current Procedural Terminology</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Credentials</td>
<td colspan="19">Information describing the security attributes
(identity and/or privileges) of a user or other principal. Credentials
are claimed through authentication or delegation and used by access
control. [CORBA Security Services, 1997]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Critical Path</td>
<td colspan="19">The series of activities that determines the duration
of the project. In a deterministic model, the critical path is usually
defined as those activities with float less than or equal to a specified
value, often zero. It is the longest path through the project. See also
<a href="#CriticalPathMethod">Critical Path Method</a>.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7"><span id="CriticalPathMethod"
class="anchor"></span>Critical Path Method (CPM)</td>
<td colspan="19">A network analysis technique used to predict project
duration by analyzing which sequence of activities (which path) has the
least amount of scheduling flexibility (the least amount of float).
Early dates are calculated by means of a forward pass using a specified
start date. Late dates are calculated by means of a backward pass
starting from a specified completion date (usually the forward pass’
calculated project early finish date).</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Critical Success Factors</td>
<td colspan="19">Defines how progress and outcomes will be measured on a
project—sometimes called objectives. Some typical critical success
factors include functionality, quality, time, and cost.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Cross Application Integration Protocol</td>
<td colspan="19">A framework which provides both applications and
services with support for software procedure calls across systems and
applications that rely upon infrastructure and middleware technologies,
while simultaneously minimizing the direct dependencies of these same
applications and services upon these enabling technologies.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">CRUD</td>
<td colspan="19">Create, Retrieve, Update, Destroy/Delete</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Cryptanalysis</td>
<td colspan="19">The branch of cryptology dealing with the breaking of a
cipher to recover information, or forging encrypted information that
will be accepted as authentic. [Stallings, 1995]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Cryptography</td>
<td colspan="19"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The branch of cryptology dealing with the design of algorithms
for encryption and decryption, intended to ensure the secrecy and/or
authenticity of messages. [Stallings, 1995]</p></li>
<li><p>The study of encryption and decryption. From the Greek "kryptos"
meaning "hidden," and "graphia" meaning "writing." [O’Reilly,
1992]</p></li>
<li><p>The art of keeping data secret, primarily through the use of
mathematical or logical functions that transform intelligible data into
seemingly unintelligible data and back again. [National Research
Council, 1991]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">CS</td>
<td colspan="19">Common Services</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">CSA</td>
<td colspan="19">Common Services Architecture</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">CSF</td>
<td colspan="19">Critical Success Factors -- Defines how progress and
outcomes will be measured on a project—sometimes called objectives. Some
typical critical success factors include functionality, quality, time,
and cost.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">CSS</td>
<td colspan="19">Cascading Style Sheets</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">CT</td>
<td colspan="19">Computerized Tomography</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">CTS</td>
<td colspan="19">Centralized Terminology Service</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">CUI</td>
<td colspan="19">Concept Unique Identifier</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)</td>
<td colspan="19">CPT is a coding system primarily used to encode
outpatient procedures for billing and reimbursement purposes. The
American Medical Association in 1966 developed the CPT coding system.
Each year, an annual publication is prepared, that makes changes
corresponding with significant updates in medical technology and
practice.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Customer</td>
<td colspan="19">Generally the organization that receives and becomes
the final owner of the output of the project. The customer can be both
internal or external to the organization developing the project
output.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">CWAD</td>
<td colspan="19">Crisis Notes, Clinical Warnings, Allergies and Advance
Directives</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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<th><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
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</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="25"><span id="D" class="anchor"></span>D</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="5">Term</th>
<th colspan="20">Definition</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">DaIS</td>
<td colspan="20">Development and Infrastructure Support</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Data</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Describes the numbers, text, graphics, images, and multi-media
stored in a form that can be used by a computer</p></li>
<li><p>A sequence of symbols to which meaning may be assigned. [National
Research Council, 1991]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Data and Database Testing</td>
<td colspan="20">A type of testing that verifies that data is being
stored by the system in a manner where the data is not compromised by
the initial storage, updating, restoration, or retrieval processing.
This type of testing is intended to uncover design flaws that may result
in data corruption, unauthorized data access, lack of data integrity
across multiple tables, and lack of adequate transaction performance.
The databases, data files, and the database or data file processes
should be tested as a subsystem within the application.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Data Cleansing</td>
<td colspan="20">A process invoked to modify existing data to adhere to
established data standards in order to bring the level of quality to an
acceptable level to meet the information customer's needs.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Data Dictionary (DD)</td>
<td colspan="20">A repository of information about data, such as its
meaning, relationships to other data, origin, usage and format. The
dictionary assists management, database administrators, systems analysts
and application programmers in effectively planning, controlling and
evaluating the collection, storage and use of data.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Data Encryption Standard (DES)</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Data
Encryption Standard, adopted by the U.S. government as Federal
Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 46, which allows only
hardware implementations of the U.S. Government official data encryption
algorithm.</p></li>
<li><p>A private key encryption algorithm adopted as the federal
standard for the protection of sensitive unclassified information and
used extensively for the protection of commercial data as well.
[O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Data Integrity</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The property that data cannot changed or destroyed in an
unauthorized manner or by unauthorized users without it being
detected.</p></li>
<li><p>A process to ensure that data is not destroyed or modified. Also,
the formal definition of comprehensive rules, and the consistent
application of those rules, to assure high integrity data. It consists
of techniques to determine how well data are maintained in the data
resource and to ensure that the data resource contains data that have
high integrity. Data integrity includes techniques for data value
integrity, data structure integrity, data retention integrity, and data
derivation integrity.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Data Load</td>
<td colspan="20">The process of populating a database with data.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Data Mart</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A data mart is a subject-specific data warehouse that provides
information specific to an individual department or business area (e.g.,
radiology). Each data mart has its own data, infrastructure, and format
and may be populated from data in the corporate data warehouse.</p></li>
<li><p>A database that is read-only, except for new record creation. It
contains specialized views, typically business process centric,
typically by recent quarter or fiscal year. It is frequently used for
business decision support and third party report generation. It focuses
on solving a specific business problem in a single department or subject
area.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Data Mining</td>
<td colspan="20">A process that uses a variety of data analysis tools to
discover patterns and relationship in data. A model of the data
relationships is produced that may be based on decision trees,
statistics, artificial intelligence (e.g., neural nets). Data mining
emphasizes exploratory analysis rather than confirmatory analysis. In
confirmatory analysis, the user has a hypothesis and either confirms or
refutes it. In exploratory analysis, the user finds suitable hypotheses
to confirm or refute. The data mining tools take the initiative in data
analysis, not the user. This contrasts with OLAP tools, which are
user-driven. Another characteristic of data mining tools is their
ability to analyze large amount of data, making them favorable tools for
fully exploiting operational data sets and/or data warehouses. To that
end, data preparation is key.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Data Model</td>
<td colspan="20">A representation, often expressed graphically, of data
elements and their relationships. A data model can be logical or
physical. A logical data model represents the classes of data elements
(e.g., a Patient), their attributes (e.g., Patient Name), and their
relationships to one another. Logical data models are usually developed
during the database design process to represent data requirements and as
an implementation-independent design. A physical data model is a
description of the structural properties that define all entries
represented in a database and all the relationships that exist among
them. Physical models strive to implement logical models based on the
target database management system and on the intended use of the
data.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Data Profiling</td>
<td colspan="20">The use of software to examine data content and
structure to check if source system data meets target metadata and data
quality requirements.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Data Quality Requirements</td>
<td colspan="20">The completeness, currency, integrity, lineage,
consistency, and accuracy expectations of the data.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Data Registration Authority</td>
<td colspan="20">An individual or group responsible for administering
the data registry and who acts as a resource to the registry's clients
for establishing metadata about registered data and their
applications.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Data Registry</td>
<td colspan="20">A place to keep facts about characteristics of data
(i.e., metadata) that are necessary to clearly describe, inventory,
analyze, and classify data. A data registry supports data sharing with
cross-system and cross- organization descriptions of common data. Units
of shareable data have precise identifiers, meanings, structures, and
values. They are consistently deployed among users and systems and are
centrally administered within an organization. Functional experts and/or
stewards (registration authorities), who have the domain knowledge,
expertise, and localized control over their particular functional area
maintain the registry. Data registries may be organized into federations
for interchange among many enterprises. A data registry assists users of
shared data to have a common understanding of a unit of data's meaning,
representation, and identification. Just as a data registry may assist
users in understanding like units of data, registries also assist in the
understanding of differences of similar but different units of data. ISO
Standard 11179 Specification and Standardization of Data Elements
provides registry conventions for classifying, attributing, defining,
naming, and registering data elements.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Data Service</td>
<td colspan="20">A data services layer provides reusable, simplified
access to relevant, real-time heterogeneous data.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Data Standardization</td>
<td colspan="20">The process within a context of achieving agreement on
common data definitions, representations, value domains, structures, and
other metadata to which all parties must conform. Metadata includes
rules for data validation, interaction, storage, and access control.
Process scope includes standards organization, development, approval,
implementation, maintenance, and enforcement. (Also see VHA Data
Standardization Program.)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Data Warehouse</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A subject oriented, integrated, time-variant, non-volatile
collection of data in support of management's decision making process. A
repository of consistent historical data that can be easily accessed and
manipulated for decision support.</p></li>
<li><p>An implementation of an informational database used to store
sharable data sourced from an operational database-of-record. It is
typically a subject database that allows users to tap into a company's
vast store of operational data to track and respond to business trends
and facilitate forecasting and planning efforts.</p></li>
<li><p>An integrated (cross-functional), complete, historical,
non-volatile repository of data obtained from a variety of sources
(e.g., operational databases, external sources) that can be accessed and
manipulated for strategic decision support. Data is usually extracted,
transformed (including cleansing) and loaded into the warehouse.
Managers, analysts, researchers, and others with a need to perform
reporting, analysis and data mining are the primary users of a data
warehouse. Data warehouses are typically implemented at the corporate
level and provide strategic analysis capability often to the lowest
level of data granularity. A data warehouse is created based on
corporate subject areas and is usually built and owned by centrally
coordinated organizations.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Data/Information Security</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The result of effective protection measures that safeguard
data/information from undesired occurrences and exposure to accidental
or intentional disclosure to unauthorized persons, accidental or
malicious alteration, unauthorized copying, loss by theft and/or
destruction by hardware failures, software deficiencies, operating
mistakes, or physical damage by fire, water, smoke, excessive
temperature, electrical failure, or sabotage. [Institute of Medicine,
1994]</p></li>
<li><p>The protection of the integrity, availability, and
confidentiality of computer-based information and resources used to
enter, store, process, and communicate it. [NIST, 1994]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Database</td>
<td colspan="20">A collection of related information about a subject
organized in a useful manner that provides a base or foundation for
procedures such as retrieving information, drawing conclusions, and
making decisions.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Database Management System (DBMS)</td>
<td colspan="20">A system used to store, retrieve, and manipulate data
in an organized (modeled) fashion. It usually consists of Dictionary,
Manipulation, Security, and Access components.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">DBA</td>
<td colspan="20">Database Administrator</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">DBIA</td>
<td colspan="20">Database Integration Agreement</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">De Jure Standard</td>
<td colspan="20">A standard approved or sanctioned by local or national
standards-setting organizations.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">DEA</td>
<td colspan="20">Drug Enforcement Agency</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Decentralized Hospital Computer Program (DHCP)</td>
<td colspan="20"><p>A hospital information system developed by the
Veterans Health Administration starting in 1977. Also referred to as VA
DHCP. DHCP was designed and developed based on a set of principles:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Local control and responsibility for computing resources</p></li>
<li><p>Local flexibility regarding software applications</p></li>
<li><p>Commitment to using information standards</p></li>
<li><p>Vendor independence for hardware and operating systems</p></li>
<li><p>Establishment of an integrated database</p></li>
<li><p>Close user involvement in software development</p></li>
<li><p>Modular design of nationally developed software</p></li>
</ul>
<p>These principles helped DHCP develop into a robust, functionally
rich, highly adaptable, cost-effective information system. DHCP has been
superseded by, and forms the core of, the Veterans Health Information
Systems and Technologies Architecture
(<em><strong>V</strong>IST<strong>A</strong></em>).</p></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Decision Support System (DSS)</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Database(s), warehouse(s), and/or mart(s) in conjunction with
reporting and analysis software optimized to support timely business
decision making. A computer based information system that is designed
with the purpose of improving the processes and outcomes of human
decision making. Most decision support systems are developed to support
an individual decision-maker, such as a manager or an engineer, but some
are used by a number of decision-makers to arrive at a common decision
(called group decision support systems). An example of a group decision
support system is the executive information systems (EIS), which gives
many decision makers access to the same information system and supports
individual or discrete decisions.</p></li>
<li><p>A VHA executive information system that provides data on patterns
of care and patient outcomes linked to resource consumption and
costs.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Decryption</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The translation of encrypted text or data (called cipher text)
into original text (called plain text). Sometimes called "deciphering."
[O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
<li><p>The process of decoding a message so that it’s meaning becomes
obvious. [OTA, 1993]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Defacto Standard (Proprietary Standard)</td>
<td colspan="20">A standard that has been endorsed by industry or
government, but not officially approved by an accredited standards body
such as ISO.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Defect</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A deviation found after release</p></li>
<li><p>A deviation found in the field, usually recorded in
Remedy.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Deficiencies</td>
<td colspan="20"><p>Deficiencies consist of two types:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Conditions or characteristics in any hardware or software which
are not in compliance with the specified configuration
identification.</p></li>
<li><p>Inadequate (or erroneous) configuration identification which has
resulted, or may result, in CIs that do not fulfill approved operational
requirements</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Deficiencies are corrected by Class II methods of change control or
revisions with “change bars.”</p></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Deliverable</td>
<td colspan="20">Any measurable, tangible, verifiable outcome, result,
or item that must be produced to complete a project or part of a
project. Often used more narrowly in reference to an external
deliverable, which is a deliverable that is subject to approval by the
project sponsor or customer.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Deployment</td>
<td colspan="20">The install of the business design in a production
environment; includes both manual and automated processes, hardware and
network setup, execution and operation of the architecture and system
software.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Deployment Workflow</td>
<td colspan="20">This describes the activities associated with ensuring
that the software product is available for its end users.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">DES</td>
<td colspan="20">Digital Encryption Standard</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Design</td>
<td colspan="20">The tasks associated with specifying and modeling the
features and functions of an application prior to coding.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Design and Development</td>
<td colspan="20">Set of processes that transform requirements into
specified characteristics or into the specification of a product,
process or system.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Design Standard</td>
<td colspan="20">The definition of what is to be built, as defined by
approved drawings, etc.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Design Validation</td>
<td colspan="20">Testing to ensure that product conforms to defined user
needs and/or requirements. Design validation follows successful design
verification and is normally performed on the final product under
defined operating conditions. Multiple validations may be performed if
there are different intended uses.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Design Verification</td>
<td colspan="20">Testing to ensure that all design outputs meet design
input requirements. Design verification may include activities such as:
Design review, Performing alternate calculations, Understanding tests
and demonstrations, and review of design stage documents before
release</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Desktop</td>
<td colspan="20">A computer small enough to sit on a desk top. Also used
to refer to the graphical representation of an office environment (with
card index, waste bin, filing cabinet, and so on) that is a feature of
GUIs.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Detailed Test Incident Report</td>
<td colspan="20">An individual record that contains the information
necessary to record, track, resolve, and close a test incident.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Developer</td>
<td colspan="20">An organization that develops products (“develops” may
include new development, modification, reuse, reengineering,
maintenance, or any other activity that results in products) for itself
or another organization</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Development Team</td>
<td colspan="20">A group consisting of staff within HSD&amp;D who is
working on the project (project manager, functional analyst, technical
writer, developer, etc.)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Deviations</td>
<td colspan="20">A specific written authorization, granted prior to the
manufacture of a Configuration Item, to depart from a particular
performance or design requirement of a specification, drawing or other
document for a specific number of units or a specific period of
time</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">DFN</td>
<td colspan="20"><a href="#_…_(DFN)">Data File Number</a> (reference to
IEN for VistA file #2)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">DHHS</td>
<td colspan="20">Department of Health and Human Services</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Dialogues</td>
<td colspan="20">Feedback between the user and product is the
dialogue.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">DICOM</td>
<td colspan="20">Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">DICOM</td>
<td colspan="20">Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Digital Signature</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Data appended to, or cryptographic transformation of, a data unit
that allows a recipient of the data unit to prove the source and
integrity of the data unit and protect against forgery, for example, by
the recipient. [ISO 7498 - 2]</p></li>
<li><p>An authentication mechanism that enables the creator of a message
to attach a code that acts as a signature. The signature guarantees the
source and integrity of the message. [Stallings]</p></li>
<li><p>An authentication tool that verifies the origin of a message and
the identity of the sender and receiver. It can be used to resolve any
authentication issues between the sender and receiver. A digital
signature is unique for every transaction. [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
<li><p>A means to guarantee the authenticity of a set of input data the
same way a written signature verifies the authenticity of a paper
document. A cryptographic transformation of data that allows a recipient
of the data to prove the source and integrity of the data and protect
against forgery. Specifically, an asymmetric cryptographic technique in
which each user is associated with a public key distributed to potential
verifiers of the user's digital signature used to encrypt messages
destined for other users, and a private key known only to the user and
is used to decrypt incoming messages. To sign a document, the document
and private key are input to a cryptographic process that outputs a bit
string (the signature). To verify a signature, the signature, document,
and user's public key are input to a cryptographic process, which
returns an indication of success for failure. Any modification to the
document after it is signed will cause the signature verification to
fail (integrity). If the signature was computed using a private key
other than the one corresponding to the public key used for
verification, the verification will fail (authentication). [ASTM
E1762]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Digitize</td>
<td colspan="20">To represent data in digital, or discrete, form, or to
convert an analog, or continuous, signal to such a form.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">DIM</td>
<td colspan="20">Domain Iinformation Model (HL7)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Directory Service</td>
<td colspan="20">A system that provides locator services that are
restricted to finding the location of a service, location of data, or
translation of a common name into a network specific address. It is
analogous to telephone books and supports distributed directory
implementations.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Disaster Plan</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A plan that provides direction and guidelines to protect health
information from damage, minimize disruption, ensure stability, and
provide for orderly recovery in the event of a disaster, such as flood,
fire, etc. [AHIMA, 1996b]</p></li>
<li><p>The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care
Organizations requires that accredited facilities develop a management
plan that addresses emergency preparedness. [Joint Commission,
1996]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Disaster Recovery</td>
<td colspan="20">The process whereby an enterprise would restore any
loss of data in the event of fire, vandalism, natural disaster, or
system failure. [CPRI, 1996c]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Disclosure</td>
<td colspan="20">The release of information to third parties within or
outside the health care provider organization from an individual's
record with or without the consent of the individual to whom the record
pertains. There are a multitude of internal and external users of health
information for which various policies of disclosure may apply. For
instance, when patients present to a health care facility or provider
for treatment, it is reasonable to assume that they are authorizing the
caregiver to have information about their condition and treatment.
However, such assumption should not extend to all employees of a health
care provider organization, but only those with a need to know.
Disclosures for quality monitoring, educational purposes, research,
administrative purpose, payment purposes, attorneys, law enforcement
personnel and agencies, family members, and the patients themselves all
must be conducted according to institutional policies. [CPRI, 1995b;
CPRI, 1995c]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Discretionary Access Control (DAC)</td>
<td colspan="20">An access control policy regime wherein the creator of
a resource is permitted to manage its access control policy information.
The controls are discretionary in the sense that a subject with a
certain access permission is capable of passing that permission (perhaps
indirectly) on to any other subject (unless restrained by mandatory
access control). [O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)</td>
<td colspan="20">DCOM is a set of Microsoft concepts and program
interfaces in which client program objects can request services from
server program objects on other computers in a network. The Component
Object Model (COM) provides a set of interfaces allowing clients and
servers to communicate within the same computer (running a Windows 95 or
NT system). This has been succeeded by COM+.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Distributed Computing Environment (DCE)</td>
<td colspan="20">DCE is an industry-standard, vendor-neutral set of
technologies developed by the Open Software Foundation (a consortium of
vendors). It provides security services to protect and control access to
data, name services that make it easy to find distributed resources, and
a highly scalable model for organizing widely scattered users, services,
and data. DCE runs on all major computing platforms and is designed to
support distributed applications in heterogeneous hardware and software
environments.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Distributed Database</td>
<td colspan="20">A database whose objects (tables, views, columns and
files) reside on more than one system in a network, and can be accessed
or updated from any system in the network.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB)</td>
<td colspan="20">The IEEE 802.6 MAN architecture standard for providing
both circuit-switched (isochronous) and packet-switched services.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">DNS</td>
<td colspan="20">Domain Name Server</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">DOB</td>
<td colspan="20"><a href="#_Date_of_Birth_(DOB)_1">Date of
Birth</a></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Documentation</td>
<td colspan="20">The printed and/or displayed materials that explain an
application.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Documentation Testing</td>
<td colspan="20">Documentation testing is a type of testing that
verifies software documentation for accuracy, completeness, and
usability. Documentation tests should verify that all required
information is provided in order for the appropriate user to be able to
properly install, implement, operate, and maintain the software
application. Documentation can consist of release notes, installation
guides, user manuals, technical manuals and security guides.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">DoD</td>
<td colspan="20">Department of Defense</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">DOD</td>
<td colspan="20"><a href="#_Date_of_Death_(DOD)">Date of Death</a></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Domain</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The part of the external world, including users and inmates of
the system that effects and is affected by the system</p></li>
<li><p>The set of objects that a subject is allowed to access.
[O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Domain Message Information Model (DMIM)</td>
<td colspan="20">A form of Refined Message Information Model (R-MIM)
constructed to represent the totality of concepts embodied in the
individual R-MIMs needed to support the communication requirements of a
particular HL7 domain. For more information refer to the Information
Model section of the V3 Guide.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Domain Model</td>
<td colspan="20"><p>Represents the entities that exist or events that
transpire in the system’s environment. It is a subset of the Business
Object Model.</p>
<p>An area of knowledge or activity characterized by a family of related
systems. An area of knowledge or activity characterized by a set of
concepts and terminology understood by practitioners in that
area.</p></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Download (D/L)</td>
<td colspan="20">The transfer of mainframe information/data/files to
mini or microcomputers or the transfer of downloaded information from a
central file server to other processors.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Downsizing</td>
<td colspan="20">The redeployment of current systems or applications to
different and less expensive computing and network environments.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">DRS</td>
<td colspan="20"><a href="#_Dynamic_Routing_Service">Dynamic Routing
Service</a></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">DS</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p><a href="#_Data_Standardization_(DS)">Data
Standardization</a></p></li>
<li><p>Delivery Service</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">DSS</td>
<td colspan="20">Decision Support Services</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">DTD</td>
<td colspan="20">Document Type Definition</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Duplicate Requirement</td>
<td colspan="20">Two requirements that have a minimum of 90% same scope,
similar text with the same intent.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Duration</td>
<td colspan="20">The number of work periods (not including holidays or
other non-working periods) required to complete an activity or other
project element. Usually expressed as workdays or workweeks. Sometimes
incorrectly equated with elapsed time. See also <a
href="#Effort">Effort</a>.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5"><a href="#_…_(DFN)">DUZ</a></td>
<td colspan="20">Not an acronym, but reference to IEN for VistA file
#200.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">DVA</td>
<td colspan="20">Department Veterans Affairs</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="25"><span id="E" class="anchor"></span>E</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="5">Term</th>
<th colspan="20">Definition</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">E/R</td>
<td colspan="20">Entity Relationship</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">EAL</td>
<td colspan="20">Evaluation Assurance Level</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5"><span id="EarnedValue" class="anchor"></span>Earned
Value (EV)</td>
<td colspan="20">The physical work accomplished plus the authorized
budget for this work. The sum of the approved cost estimates (may
include overhead allocation) for activities (or portions of activities)
completed during a given period of (usually project-to-date). Previously
called the budgeted cost of work performed (BCWP) for an activity or
group of activities.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">EBAC</td>
<td colspan="20">Entity-Based Access Control</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">E-Business Architecture</td>
<td colspan="20">A collection of related standards, technologies and
guidelines for electronic commerce among trading partners and customers.
Defines how VHA will posture its Information Technology when conducting
electronic business with veterans, their families, business partners,
and other customers.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">ECSS</td>
<td colspan="20">Electronic Claims Submission System</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">EDB</td>
<td colspan="20">Enrollment Database</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">EDM</td>
<td colspan="20">Executive Decision Memorandum</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">EDR</td>
<td colspan="20">Event Driven Reporting</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Efficient-Utility</td>
<td colspan="20">Computer hardware that provides immediate functional
capability as well as the potential for greater utility without
replacement.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5"><span id="Effort" class="anchor"></span>Effort</td>
<td colspan="20">The number of labor units required to complete an
activity or other project element. Usually expressed as staff hours,
staff days or staff weeks. Should not be confused with duration.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">EHR</td>
<td colspan="20">Electronic Health Record</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">EISWG</td>
<td colspan="20">Enterprise Information System Work Group</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">EJB</td>
<td colspan="20">Enterprise Java Bean</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">EKG</td>
<td colspan="20">Electrocardiogram</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Electronic Commerce (EC)</td>
<td colspan="20">The end-to-end digital exchange of all information
needed to conduct business. Examples include Electronic Data Interchange
transactions, electronic mail, archives, audit trails, and all forms of
records, including graphical images.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)</td>
<td colspan="20">The inter-organizational, computer-to-computer exchange
of structured information in a standard, machine-processable
format.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Electronic Data Interchange For Administration, Commerce
And Transport (EDIFACT)</td>
<td colspan="20">United Nations rules for Electronic Data Interchange
for Administration, Commerce and Transport. They comprise a set of
internationally agreed upon standards, directories and guidelines for
the electronic interchange of structured data related to trade in goods
and services between independent computerized information systems.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)</td>
<td colspan="20">An electronic commerce technology that allows the
transfer of funds from the bank account of one person or organization to
that of another. EFT is also used to refer to the action of using this
technology.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Electronic Health Record</td>
<td colspan="20">Synonymous with Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and
with Patient Record Architecture.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Electronic Health Record Architecture (EHRA)</td>
<td colspan="20">This architecture provides a formal set of
relationships between clinical content with respect to the subject and
circumstances of care. The EHRA provides the structure for the formal
electronic health record, and can serve as the evidential record
(assuming that sufficient context and security are included). It is
important to differentiate between a EHRA and a Clinical Template, as
they are not synonymous. For VHA, a clinical template should be
considered as a structure capable of (and for the purpose of)
transporting information between sources. Conversely, a Health Data
Repository can be considered an instantiation of an EHRA.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Electronic Medical Record</td>
<td colspan="20">Defined by the Institute of Medicine as an "electronic
patient record that resides in a system designed to support users
through availability of complete and accurate data, practitioner
reminders and alerts, clinical decision support systems, links to bodies
of medical knowledge, and other aids.” [The Computer-based Patient
Record: An Essential Technology for Health Care 1991, ISBN
0-309-04495-2].</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Electronic Signature</td>
<td colspan="20">The attribute that is affixed to an electronic document
to bind it to a particular entity. An electronic signature process
secures the user authentication (proof of claimed identity, such as by
biometrics [fingerprints, retinal scans, hand written signature
verification, etc.], tokens or passwords) at the time the signature is
generated; creates the logical manifestation of signature (including the
possibility for multiple parties to sign a document and have the order
of application recognized and proven) and supply additional information
such as time stamp and signature purpose specific to that user; and
ensures the integrity of the signed document to enable transportability,
interoperability, independent verifiability, and continuity of signature
capability. Verifying a signature on a document verifies the integrity
of the document and associated attributes and verifies the identity of
the signer. There are several technologies available for user
authentication, including passwords, cryptography, and biometrics. [ASTM
1762]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">EMC</td>
<td colspan="20">Enterprise Management Center</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">EMI</td>
<td colspan="20">Electromagnetic Interference</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">EMPI</td>
<td colspan="20">Enterprise Master Patient Index</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">EMR</td>
<td colspan="20">Electronic Medical Record</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Emulation</td>
<td colspan="20">The imitation by one computing device or program of
another device or program. This allows the client and the server to
conduct transparent access to networked resources. VT100 is one of the
most common telecommunications emulations.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Encryption</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The cryptographic transformation of data to produce cipher text.
[ISO 7498-2]</p></li>
<li><p>The process of encoding a message so that it’s meaning is not
obvious. [OTA, 1993]</p></li>
<li><p>A method of ensuring data secrecy. The message is encoded using a
key available only to the sender and the receiver. The encoded message
is sent to the receiver and then decoded upon receipt.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">End-To-End Encryption</td>
<td colspan="20">When end-to-end encryption is used, both the sender and
receiver must be equipped with compatible hardware. After validating
each other, the two unit’s exchange encrypted data. Messages are
encrypted by the sender and decrypted only at the final destination.
Contrast with link encryption.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Enterprise</td>
<td colspan="20">An organization, especially a business venture.
Government example Veterans Health Administration.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5"><span id="EnterpriseArchitecture"
class="anchor"></span>Enterprise Architecture (EA)</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>An integrated framework that enables the evolution and
maintenance of existing information technology systems and guides future
technology acquisitions.</p></li>
<li><p>The structures or components, their relationships, and the
principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time
(IEEE).</p></li>
<li><p>A series of principles, guidelines or rules used by an enterprise
to direct the process of acquiring, building, modifying and interfacing
IT resources throughout the enterprise. These resources can include
equipment, software, communications, development methodologies, modeling
tools and organizational structures.</p></li>
<li><p>A framework that links the overall business structure and
functions to information management and technology.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Enterprise Architecture Monograph</td>
<td colspan="20">Material that expands on specific sections of the
Enterprise Architecture to provide additional detail not covered
elsewhere. Monographs focus upon a single architectural topic, represent
official positions of the VHA architecture office and are considered
part of the total Enterprise Architecture.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Enterprise Architecture Process</td>
<td colspan="20">Material that describes how components of the
Enterprise Architecture are developed. Enterprise Architecture processes
do not contain architecture information per se but do provide
information useful to determining the overall completeness and
sufficiency of material that follows the process.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Enterprise Architecture Report</td>
<td colspan="20">Material that is for information/discussion purposes
but that does not represent an official position of the VHA architecture
office. Reports are not part of the Enterprise Architecture.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Enterprise Business Rule</td>
<td colspan="20">A business rule that serves federal and organizational
compliance requirements, defines the relationship across organizational
entities, or is common to multiple activities within the
organization.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Enterprise Business Strategies (EBS)</td>
<td colspan="20">Those highest priority organizational strategies that
significantly impact and/or set direction for activities that across the
enterprise. See also Business Drivers</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW)</td>
<td colspan="20">Enterprise Data Warehouse is a data/content repository
that contains integrated, cross-functional, and historical data. The
data generally is non-volatile. The data is detailed, and
subject-oriented. The information derived from the enterprise data
warehouse is actionable. The information is useful for strategic and
operational decision making. Data Warehouses are optimized for large
numbers of queries that are both predictable and unpredictable (non
linear).</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Enterprise Identifier</td>
<td colspan="20">An enterprise identifier is an identifier which is
unique across the enterprise. The Integration Control Number (ICN) WILL
BE the enterprise identifier for a veteran. It is the key to access a
patient record.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Enterprise Requirement</td>
<td colspan="20">Every organization within that enterprise has to
conform to those requirements. Any business or operational requirement
levied on the VHA organization, (e.g., federal business rules,
organizational business rules, standards organizations, congressional
mandates, federal guidelines), or a requirement generated within the
organization that spans multiple projects across VHA OI. Sources may
include HIPAA, HL7, NIST, HHS, etc.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Entrance Criteria</td>
<td colspan="20">Decision rules that must be met in order for a level,
phase, or iteration to begin. Also known as entry criteria.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Environment</td>
<td colspan="20">The resources required executing one or more aspects of
the software development or test plan. These resources include hardware,
software, network, staffing, expertise, data, and facilities.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ERT</td>
<td colspan="20">Enterprise Reference Terminology</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">ESI</td>
<td colspan="20">The name of a company</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ESIG</td>
<td colspan="20">Electronic Signature</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">ESR</td>
<td colspan="20">Enrollment System Redesign</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Estimate</td>
<td colspan="20">An assessment of the likely quantitative result.
Usually applied to project costs and durations and should always include
some indication of accuracy (e.g., +/- x percent). Usually used with a
modifier (e.g., preliminary, conceptual, feasibility). Some application
areas have specific modifiers that imply particular accuracy ranges
(e.g., order-of-magnitude estimate, budget estimate, and definitive
estimate in engineering and construction projects).</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Estimate At Completion (EAC)</td>
<td colspan="20">The expected total cost of an activity, a group of
activities, or of the project when the defined scope of work has been
completed. Most tech­niques for forecasting EAC include some adjustment
of the original cost estimate, based on project performance to
date.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Estimate to Complete (ETC)</td>
<td colspan="20">The expected additional cost needed to complete an
activity, group of activities, or the project.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">ETS</td>
<td colspan="20">Enterprise Terminology Services</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">EVM</td>
<td colspan="20">Earned Value Measurement – A family of measures related
to the project's budgeted and actual costs and schedule</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">EVS</td>
<td colspan="20">Enterprise VistA Support</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Executive Information Systems (EIS)</td>
<td colspan="20">Decision support software; a wide variety of software
intended to be used by an executive (manager) to assist in organizing
information for decision making purposes.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Exit Criteria</td>
<td colspan="20">Decision rules that must be met in order for a level,
phase or iteration to be completed.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5"><span id="ExpectedResult" class="anchor"></span>Expected
Result</td>
<td colspan="20"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Desired effect of an executed test.</p></li>
<li><p>The anticipated result(s) of executing a specific test as
documented in the expected results section of the Test Case. See also <a
href="#ActualResult">Actual Result</a>.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Expecters</td>
<td colspan="20">Individuals who work with the final product (installer,
maintainer, trainer, etc.) and tell us the things the product can do are
expecters. They define the product attributes. The end user is only one
type that interacts with the product. Ten percent (10%) of the code
deals with the end-user needs and the remainder of the code deals with
exceptions. Requesters should identify expecters. It is possible that
one person can be both a requester and an expecter. Also, other
interfacing application products can be expecters.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Expert Systems</td>
<td colspan="20">A practical development of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
which requires creation of a knowledge base of facts and rules furnished
by human experts and uses a defined set of rules (inference engine) to
access this information in order to suggest solutions to problems.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Exploratory Testing</td>
<td colspan="20">A technique for testing computer software that requires
minimal planning and tolerates limited documentation for the
target-of-test in advance of test execution, relying on the skill and
knowledge of the tester and feedback from test results to guide the
ongoing test effort. Exploratory testing is often conducted in short
sessions during which feedback gained from one session is used to
dynamically plan subsequent sessions.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Expressed Consent</td>
<td colspan="20">Oral or written agreement. Because it is difficult to
prove that oral consent was given, most expressed consent is expected to
be recorded with a signature. [Huffman, 1985]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Extend</td>
<td colspan="20">See <a href="#Extension">Extension</a>.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5"><span id="Extension"
class="anchor"></span>Extension</td>
<td colspan="20">A valid, alternate scenario for a use case other than
the <a href="#HappyPath">Happy Path</a>.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="25"><span id="F" class="anchor"></span>F</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="5">Term</th>
<th colspan="20">Definition</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Failover Testing</td>
<td colspan="20"><p>Failover testing tests that an alternate or backup
system properly “takes over”, that is, that a back-up system functions
when the primary system fails. Failover testing also tests that a system
runs continually when the failover occurs, and that the failover happens
without any loss of data or transactions.</p>
<p>Note: Failover testing should be combined with recovery
testing.</p></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">FatKAAT</td>
<td colspan="20">Fat-client Kernel Authentication and Authorization</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">FBPM</td>
<td colspan="20">Future Business Process Model</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">FCP</td>
<td colspan="20">Federal Credentialing Program</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">FDA</td>
<td colspan="20">Food and Drug Administration</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">FDDI</td>
<td colspan="20">Fiber Distributed Data Interchange</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">FDR</td>
<td colspan="20">Financial Data Repository</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Feature</td>
<td colspan="20">See Attributes</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Federal Health Information Exchange (FHIE)</td>
<td colspan="20">The Federal Health Information Exchange (FHIE) Program
is a Federal IT health care initiative that facilitates the secure
electronic one-way exchange of patient medical information between
Government health organizations. The project participants are the
Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).
[http://vaww1.va.gov/fhie/]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS)</td>
<td colspan="20">Standards published by the U.S. National Institute of
Standards and Technology, after approval by the Department of Commerce;
used as a guideline for federal procurements.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Federal Information System Controls Audit Manual
(FISCAM)</td>
<td colspan="20"><p>General Accounting Office's manual for doing
security audits. It is also used as the basis for categorizing security
weaknesses for Government Information Security Reform Act (GISRA)
reporting purposes into the following six groups:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Entity-wide Security Program Planning and Management</p></li>
<li><p>Access Controls</p></li>
<li><p>Application Software Development and Change Control</p></li>
<li><p>System Software access, use, and change control</p></li>
<li><p>Segregation of Duties</p></li>
<li><p>Service Continuity</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The PDF file for the manual can be found at <a
href="http://www.gao.gov/special.pubs/ai12.19.6.pdf">http://www.gao.gov/special.pubs/ai12.19.6.pdf</a></p></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Federal Information Technology Security Assessment
Framework (FITSAF)</td>
<td colspan="20">A five-level framework similar to the Software
Engineering Institute Capability Maturity Model – but for security
rather than software development.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Federal Managers Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA)</td>
<td colspan="20">FMFIA requires review of a system's security controls.
Also review the security controls in a system when significant
modifications are made to the system, but in any case at least every
three years. The scope and frequency of the review should be
commensurate with the acceptable level of risk for the system. Depending
on the potential risk and magnitude of harm that could occur, consider
identifying a deficiency pursuant to OMB Circular No. A-123, "Management
Accountability and Control" and the FMFIA, if there is no assignment of
security responsibility, no security plan, or no authorization to
process for a system.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">FHIE</td>
<td colspan="20">Federal Health Information Exchange (Formerly
GCPR)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">FIC</td>
<td colspan="20">Federal Identification Card</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">File Transfer, Access And Management (FTAM)</td>
<td colspan="20">The Open Systems Interconnection standard for file
transfer, file access and management.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">FIPS</td>
<td colspan="20">Federal Information Processing Standards</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">FISMA</td>
<td colspan="20">Federal Information Security Management Act</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Floating Point Operations Per Second (FLOPS)</td>
<td colspan="20">A metric used to compare computing power.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">FOIA</td>
<td colspan="20">Freedom of Information Act</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">FORUM</td>
<td colspan="20">The name of a VHA electronic mail system</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">FPC</td>
<td colspan="20">Function Point Count</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Frame Relay</td>
<td colspan="20">An ANSI and CCITT defined LAN/WAN networking standard
for switching frames in a packet mode similar to X.25, but at higher
speeds and with less nodal processing (assuming fiber
transmission).</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Framework</td>
<td colspan="20">A set of integrating structural elements around or over
which something is built.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Freedom Of Information Act</td>
<td colspan="20">A U.S. law that requires records pertaining to the
executive branch of the federal government be available to the public
except for matters that fall within exempted areas, including "medical
files and similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute a
clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy." [U.S.C. §552]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">FTEE</td>
<td colspan="20">Full-time Employee Equivalent</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">FTI</td>
<td colspan="20">Federal Tax Information</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">FTP</td>
<td colspan="20">File Transfer Protocol</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Function</td>
<td colspan="20">An activity that spans the entire duration of a Project
(e.g., status reporting, quality assurance, verification and
validation).</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Function Point</td>
<td colspan="20">A single end-user business function.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Function Point Analysis</td>
<td colspan="20">A methodology that sizes an application based on the
end-user business functions that it supports independent of the coding
language in which it is written.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Function Point Count</td>
<td colspan="20">A standard method for measuring software development
and maintenance from the user’s point of view.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Function Point Snapshot</td>
<td colspan="20">A tool within the Productivity Manager software that
allows for the capture of a function point count at that moment in time.
Snapshots must be taken upon the approval of the Product Requirements
Document (PRD) and Software. Requirements Specifications (SRS) document.
Each snapshot is saved and can be used for comparing the growth of the
product during its software development life cycle.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Function Testing</td>
<td colspan="20">Function testing of the target-of-test should focus on
any requirements for test that can be traced directly to use cases or
business functions and business rules. The goals of these tests are to
verify proper data acceptance, processing, and retrieval, and the
appropriate implementation of the business rules. This type of testing
verifies the software and its internal processes by interacting with the
software and analyzing the output or results. Functional tests are
written from a user's perspective. These tests confirm that the system
does what users expect the system to do.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Functional Area</td>
<td colspan="20">A distinct group of system performance requirements
which, together with all other such groupings forms the next lower-level
breakdown of the system on the basis of function</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Functional Requirements</td>
<td colspan="20">A statement of the system behavior needed to enforce a
given policy. Requirements are used to derive the technical
specification of a system. [National Security Council, 1991]</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Functional Verification</td>
<td colspan="20">Testing to ensure the part conforms to all customer and
supplier engineering performance and material requirements.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">FY</td>
<td colspan="20">Fiscal Year</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="25"><span id="G" class="anchor"></span>G</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="4">Term</th>
<th colspan="21">Definition</th>
<th colspan="7"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">G2B</td>
<td colspan="21">Government to Business</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">G2C</td>
<td colspan="21">Government to Consumer</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">G2G</td>
<td colspan="21">Government to Government</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Gantt Chart</td>
<td colspan="21">A project planning and reporting chart developed by
Henry Gantt. The Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart showing the
relative duration of tasks plotted on a time scale.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">GAO</td>
<td colspan="21">General Accounting Office</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Gateway</td>
<td colspan="21"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A device in the computer communications environment that directs
information traffic. Gateways are often employed to connect a network
under the control of one organization (an internal network) to a network
controlled by another organization (an external network such as a public
network). Thus gateways are natural points at which to enforce access
control policies. [National Research Council, 1991]</p></li>
<li><p>A computer system that transfers data between normally
incompatible applications or networks or which allows users of one
system or network to gain access to another network or system and
provides protocol translation as needed.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">GCPR</td>
<td colspan="21">Government Computer-Based Patient Record (now
FHIE)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Generalization</td>
<td colspan="21">An item that covers a wide range (actor, classes
etc.)</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Good Electronic Health Record (GEHR)</td>
<td colspan="21">A major part of the work of the open EHR Foundation, is
an evolving electronic health record architecture designed to be
comprehensive, portable and medico-legally robust. It has been developed
from the Good European Health Record project requirements statement and
object model - the most comprehensive requirements documents ever
developed for the electronic health record. Information can be found at
http://www.gehr.org.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Government Computer-Based Patient Record [Framework
Project] (GCPR)</td>
<td colspan="21">GCPR Framework is a collaborative partnership (VA, DoD,
IHS) to improve public and individual health status. The goal of GCPR
Framework Project is the development of an electronic communication
mechanism whereby all health care providers of the participating
agencies can access and provide pertinent medical information about an
individual across the continuum of care.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Government Off-The-Shelf (GOTS)</td>
<td colspan="21">Similar to commercial off-the-shelf, GOTS refers to
those items that have been produced for the Government and are available
for general use within Government programs. Such items must have been
developed by or for the Government, passed acceptance testing, and be
operating under government control. Further, such items must have
meaningful reliability, maintainability, and logistics historical
data.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile
(GOSIP)</td>
<td colspan="21">The U.S. government's OSI protocols that address
communication and inter-operation of computer systems across government
agencies.</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">GPRA</td>
<td colspan="21">Government Performance and Results Act</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Guaranteed Message Delivery</td>
<td colspan="21">The standard VHA messaging infrastructure takes
appropriate steps to ensure that a message is successfully delivered to
its destination or routed to an appropriate queue for problem
resolution. A message will not be dropped without the sender's knowledge
and consent. </td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">GUI</td>
<td colspan="21">Graphical User Interface</td>
<td colspan="7"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  [A](#A)                    [B](#B)   [C](#C)   [D](#D)                                [E](#E)   [F](#F)   [G](#G)   [H](#H)   [I](#I)   [J](#J)   [K](#K)   [L](#L)   [M](#M)   [N](#N)   [O](#O)   [P](#P)   [Q](#Q)   [R](#R)   [S](#S)   [T](#T)   [U](#U)   [V](#V)   [W](#W)         [X](#X)      Y      [Z](#Z)   
  -------------------------- --------- --------- --------- ---------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- -- -- --------- -- --- -- --------- --
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  []{#H .anchor}H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  Term                                                     Definition                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  H&PE                                                     History and Physical                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                           Examination                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  H.261                                                    An international video                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           conferencing standard.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  H.320                                                    An international video                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           conferencing standard.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  H.323                                                    A set of international video                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           conferencing standards.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  HAC                                                      Health Administration Center                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  HAIG                                                     Health Architecture                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                           Interagency Group                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

  []{#HappyPath                                            The most desired scenario in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  .anchor}Happy Path                                       a use case with many                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                           possible scenarios. Also                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           known as the Main Success                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           Criteria.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  Hardware                                                 Physical equipment used to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           process, store, or transmit                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           computer program data.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  HCFA                                                     Health Care Financing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                           Administration                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  HCPCS                                                    Health Care Common Procedure                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           Coding System                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  HDD                                                      Health Data Dictionary                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  HDF                                                      HL7 Development Framework                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  HDI                                                      Health Data & Informatics                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  HDR Hx                                                   Health Data Repository                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           --Historical                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  HDR IMS                                                  Health Data Repository                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           Interim Message Solution                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  HDR-L                                                    Health Data Repository                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           -Local                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  HDR-N                                                    Health Data Repository                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           -National                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  HDS                                                      Health Data Systems                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  HEA                                                      Health Enterprise                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                           Architecture                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  Health Care Data                                         Data that are input, stored,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           processed or output by the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           automated information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                           system, which support the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           business functions of the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           health care establishment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           These data may relate to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           person identifiable records                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           or may be part of an                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                           administrative system where                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           persons are not identified.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  []{#HealthDataRepository                                 A repository of clinical                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
  .anchor}Health Data                                      information normally                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  Repository                                               residing on one or more                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                           independent platforms for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           use by clinicians and other                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           personnel in support of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                           patient-centric care. The                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           data is retrieved from                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           heritage,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           transaction-oriented systems                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           and is organized in a format                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           to support clinical                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                           decision-making in support                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           of patient care. Formerly                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           known as Clinical Data                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           Repository.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  Health Data Repository --                                The HDR Hx will collect                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  Historical (HDR-Hx)                                      Vista data from 128 VistA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           systems in Outpatient                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                           Pharmacy and Allergies as                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           sent in real-time to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                           HDR-IMS. HDR-Hx will collect                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           historical data from the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           beginning of stored records                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           up to the moment that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                           HDR-IMS began sending data,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           thereby creating a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                           \"seamless\" electronic                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                           health record.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  Health Insurance                                         A law passed by Congress in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  Portability And                                          1996 that requires the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  Accountability Act (HIPAA)                               Department of Health and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           Human Services to implement                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           regulations that will                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                           require the use of specific                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           standards related to health                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           care claims, code sets,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                           identifiers (individual,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           provider, employer, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                           health plan), and security.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           Also known as the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                           Kennedy-Kassebaum Act of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           1996.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  Health Level 7 (HL7)                                     HL7 is a standards                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                           organization primarily                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           focused on message-oriented                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           middleware for healthcare.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           HL7 messages are the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                           dominant standard for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                           peer-to-peer exchange of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           clinical, text-based                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                           information.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  Health Level 7 Reference                                 Developed by the committees                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  Information Model (Hl7                                   and special interest groups                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  RIM)                                                     within HL7, this model                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           serves as the foundation to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           both identify the classes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           and attributes being                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                           addressed by HL7 standards,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           and to ensure that each has                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           semantic consistency                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                           whenever they are referenced                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           as part of HL7 activities.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           The HL7 Reference                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                           Information Model is a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           representation of those                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                           portions of healthcare for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           which HL7 is creating                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                           messaging standards, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           serves as the basis for that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           organization's Message                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           Development Framework                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                           methodology. The HL7 RIM,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           however, is an internal                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                           resource and not itself a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           formal standard.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  HEC                                                      Health Eligibility Center                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  HEDIS                                                    Health Plan and Employer                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           Data and Information Set                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  Heterogeneous Information                                An emerging standard being                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  Locator Service (HILS)                                   worked within the Object                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           Management Group's                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                           Healthcare SIG, HILS is an                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           interface specification                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                           addressing the location of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           information from across                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                           potentially heterogeneous                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           sources and returning those                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           locations so that calling                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           applications can request                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           their desired information.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           VHA is currently                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                           participating in the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                           development of this                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                           standard.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  H*[e]{.underline}*V                                      Health*[e]{.underline}*Vet                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  HHS                                                      Department of Health & Human                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           Services                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  HIA                                                      Health Information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                           Architecture                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  High-Availability Systems                                Systems that are usually                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           clustered with a software                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           monitor that acts as a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                           switching mechanism. The                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           monitor detects component                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           failure, switches processing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           to another unit, and starts                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           an automated procedure to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           rebuild data and ensure                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                           system integrity. Downtime                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           usually averages from two to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           twenty minutes.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  HILS                                                     Heterogeneous Information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           Locator Service                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  HIMS                                                     Health Information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                           Management Service                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  HIPAA                                                    Health Insurance Portability                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           and Accountability Act                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  HISB                                                     Health Informatics Standards                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                           Board                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  HISS                                                     Health Information Security                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           System (Part of CHIS)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  HIV                                                      Human Immunosuppressive                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                           Virus                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  HIVAR                                                    Health*[e]{.underline}*Vet                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           VistA Infrastructure and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           VistA Applications                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                           Replacement                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  HL7 RIM                                                  Health Level 7 Reference                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           Information Model                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

  HOST                                                     Hybrid Open Systems                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                           Technology                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  HRLINK\$                                                 Human Resources (LINK\$)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                           system for VA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  HSD&D                                                    Health Systems Design and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           Development                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  HSITES                                                   Health Systems                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                           Implementation, Training,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                           and Enterprise Support                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  HTML                                                     HyperText Markup Language                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  HTTP                                                     HyperText Transfer Protocol                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  HTTPS                                                    Hypertext Transfer Protocol                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                           over Secure Socket Layer                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  HVM                                                      HealtheVet VistA Messaging                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                           (project team)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  HVT                                                      HealtheVet-Vista                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="28"><span id="I" class="anchor"></span>I</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="6">Term</th>
<th colspan="22">Definition</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IAM</td>
<td colspan="23">Identity and Access Management</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IB</td>
<td colspan="23">Integrated Billing</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ICD</td>
<td colspan="23">Interface Control Document</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">ICD-9-CM</td>
<td colspan="23">International Classification of Diseases--9th
edition--Clinical Modification</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ICDR</td>
<td colspan="23">Interactive Clinical Data Repository (now referred to
as <a href="#InteractiveHealthDataRepository">Interactive Health Data
Repository</a>)</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">ICN</td>
<td colspan="23">Integration Control Number</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ICU</td>
<td colspan="23">Intensive Care Unit</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IDEF0</td>
<td colspan="23">A method designed to model the decisions, actions, and
activities of an organization or system.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IDEF1</td>
<td colspan="23">A graphical method that extends the process model by
modeling the information flows and the entity relationships. IDEF1X
provides extensions to IDEF1 with different graphical
representation.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Identification</td>
<td colspan="23">The process of telling a system the identity of a
subject (e.g., a user or another system). Usually this is done by
entering a name or presenting a token to the system. See also
authentication. [O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IDL</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Iterative Development Lifecycle</p></li>
<li><p>See <a href="#InterfaceDefinitionLanguage">Interface Definition
Language</a></p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IDS</td>
<td colspan="23">Intrusion Detection Service</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IE</td>
<td colspan="23">Interface Engine</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IEEE</td>
<td colspan="23">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
– Outlines what needs to be done for effective project management. Web
address: http://www.ieee.org/portal/index.jsp</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IEN</td>
<td colspan="23">Internal Entry Number</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IETF</td>
<td colspan="23">Internet Engineering Task Force</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IFCAP</td>
<td colspan="23">Integrated Funds Control, Accounting, and
Procurement</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IFR</td>
<td colspan="23">Institution File Redesign</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IHE</td>
<td colspan="23">Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IHE Framework 5.3</td>
<td colspan="23">An implementation framework based on messaging
standards for transactions used to communicate clinical data within the
healthcare enterprise.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IHS</td>
<td colspan="23">Indian Health Services</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IIS</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Information Infrastructure Systems</p></li>
<li><p>(Microsoft) Internet Information Server product</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5"><span class="smallcaps">IMDQ</span></td>
<td colspan="23">Identity Management Data Quality</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IMI</td>
<td colspan="23">Identity Management Index</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Impact</td>
<td colspan="23"><p>The classification of deviations according to their
potential damage to the software, systems, patient, personnel or
operating systems. They are classified in three levels:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>High Impact - An error or absence of functionality that may
severely jeopardize patient or personnel safety, adversely impacts all
users, represents a significant value or cost, is governed by
Congressional mandate, affects either a large database or critical data,
requires Food and Drug Administration (FDA) certification/approval,
affects Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) issues, or negatively
impacts the interdependence of applications. A high impact deviation
does not allow for an acceptable workaround.</p></li>
<li><p>Medium Impact - An error or absence of functionality that
adversely affects the safety of veteran issues or users of large
applications, e.g., Pharmacy, Lab, etc., represents a high value or
cost, sponsored or initiated by the National Program Office, or
negatively impacts essential operational or business processes causing
inconvenience. A medium impact deviation allows an acceptable
workaround.</p></li>
<li><p>Low Impact - An error or absence of functionality that may cause
operator/user inconvenience and minimally affects operational
functionality. An acceptable workaround exists.</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Implementation</td>
<td colspan="23">The integration of all elements of the business design;
the integration of all business design elements.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Implementation Workflow</td>
<td colspan="23">The activities associated with programming the
components and the evolving implementation and deployment set artifacts.
The Implementation workflow focuses on the codification and integration
of components. In the implementation workflow, the most important
artifact is the system.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Implied Consent</td>
<td colspan="23">An action other than an expressed consent on the part
of a patient that demonstrates consent. [Huffman, 1985]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Include</td>
<td colspan="23">A use case used (called) within another use case.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Independent Verification and Validation (IV&amp;V)</td>
<td colspan="23">The service that evaluates applications by performing
independent and impartial product reviews, as well as functional
testing. IV&amp;V ensures the functional integrity and technical
correctness of the software and documentation. (See also <a
href="#BayPinesTestLab">Bay Pines Test Lab</a>)</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Information</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Data that has been processed to a point where it conveys
knowledge or represents a usable statement of fact.</p></li>
<li><p>Data to which meaning is assigned, according to context and
assumed conventions. [National Security Council, 1991]</p></li>
<li><p>The meaningful interpretation of data.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Information Architecture</td>
<td colspan="23">Information architecture provides initial
classification and definition of the information required to perform an
organization’s business functions. It is a framework to manage and share
information, and to ensure that business-driven data needs are supported
by applications. It provides a specification for data integrity and
distribution.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Information Class (or Class)</td>
<td colspan="23">A description of a set of objects that share the same
attributes, operations, relationships, and semantics. [The Unified
Modeling Language User Guide, Booch, Jacobson, and Rumbaugh 1999]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Information Engineering</td>
<td colspan="23">A methodology for developing an integrated information
system based on the sharing of common data, with emphasis on
decision-support needs as well as transaction processing requirements.
It uses a logical data model as the basis for systems development.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Information Infrastructure</td>
<td colspan="23">A structured collection of information system
components and organization processes that enable the flow of necessary
information to effect enterprise integration.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Information Management (IM)</td>
<td colspan="23">The creation, use, sharing, and disposition of
information as a resource critical to the effective and efficient
operation of functional activities. The structuring of functional
processes to produce and control the use of data and information within
functional activities, information systems, and computing and
communications infrastructures.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Information Superhighway</td>
<td colspan="23">The Information Superhighway is a network that will
potentially connect every government agency, business, and citizen
providing a means of rapid access to information (in digital form) and
electronic communication to every business and citizen in the country.
The purpose of the information superhighway is to provide an
infrastructure for, among other things, electronic commerce, in a
variety of forms including electronic banking, electronic data
interchange, inventory managing, taxpaying, video conferencing, medical
diagnosing, and virtually any other business activity. The closest
approximation to the Information Superhighway at this time is the
Internet.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Information Technology (IT)</td>
<td colspan="23"><p>As defined by the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996,
sections 5002, 5141, and 5142, means any equipment or interconnected
system or subsystem of equipment that is used in the automatic
acquisition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control,
display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or
information. For purposes of this definition, equipment is “used” by an
agency whether the agency uses the equipment directly or it is used by a
contractor under a contract with the agency that</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Requires the use of such equipment or</p></li>
<li><p>Requires the use, to a significant extent, of such equipment in
the performance of a service or the furnishing of a product. Information
technology includes computers, ancillary equipment, software, firmware
and similar procedures, services (including support services), and
related resources. It does not include any equipment that is acquired by
a Federal contractor incidental to a Federal contract.</p></li>
<li><p>The merging of computing and high-speed communications links
carrying data, sound, and video.</p></li>
<li><p>The department responsible for all mainframe, telecommunications,
media, television, video, micro computing and technical
services.</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Information Technology Architecture (ITA)</td>
<td colspan="23">See <a href="#EnterpriseArchitecture">Enterprise
Architecture</a>.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Information Technology Board (ITB)</td>
<td colspan="23">ITB membership is comprised of the VA Chief Information
Officer (CIO), CIOs from Veterans Healthcare Administration, Veterans
Benefits Administration, and National Cemetery Administration, as well
as other senior managers from the three administrations.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Information Technology Infrastructure</td>
<td colspan="23">The computing systems (hardware and software),
associated communications and network systems, as well as any services
needed to operate and maintain such systems, in support of the flow and
processing of information. Business practices and standards, while not
part of infrastructure, are closely related to it. Business practices
drive the need for infrastructure and standards guide the selection of
infrastructure technologies.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Information Template</td>
<td colspan="23">A standard information structure coupled with
prescribed standard vocabulary sets (semantic representation) to ensure
the consistent representation and transmission of information between
applications in a way that maximizes interoperability. See also Clinical
Template.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Informed Consent</td>
<td colspan="23">The Department of Veterans Affairs requires that for
consent to be valid, the patient must be informed. It therefore must be
"a freely given consent that follows a careful explanation by a
caregiver to a patient or patient's representative of the proposed
diagnostic or therapeutic procedure or course of treatment...the patient
should be given the opportunity to ask questions, to indicate
comprehension of the information provided, and to grant permission
freely and without any coercion for performance of a procedure or course
of treatment, as well as the opportunity to withhold or revoke such
permission at any time without prejudice." [Huffman, 1985] (2)
Regulations promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services
for consent by human subjects in medical treatment (4 CFR Section
46.116) provides that informed consent to release of information should
include the elements of disclosure, voluntariness, comprehension, and
competence to consent. [OTA, 1993]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Infrastructure</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>System of facilities, equipment and services needed for the
operation of an organization.</p></li>
<li><p>System of wire, hardware, software and facilities that enables
the connection of voice-data-video devices and the transmission of
voice-data-video information from device to device.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Initial Request Analysis (IRA)</td>
<td colspan="23">The document generated during the formal review of a
new Information Technology (IT) Service Request. This document is used
to document and analyze the initial request. The requester may want to
change or enhance functionality in existing package or may request new
functionality. This is based on preliminary discussions with requesters
and expecters. Management uses the IRA to review the recommendations and
to determine whether further analysis is in order, or determines
priority of the functionality. The IRA is a mandatory document.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">In-Progress Review (IPR)</td>
<td colspan="23"><p>A suggested avenue for gathering lessons learned
data from team members while the project is in progress.</p>
<p>In the traditional sense, a formal reporting mechanism used in
project management to communicate the status of all or part of a
project. Project managers often use IPRs to report progress to upper
management and stakeholders. In larger programs, PMs will sometimes
mandate that team leaders produce IPRs in order to validate status
reporting, risks, and other challenges.</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Installation Testing</td>
<td colspan="23">Installation testing verifies that the application or
system installs as intended on different hardware and software
configurations, and under different conditions, such as, a new
installation, an upgrade, and a complete or custom installation.
Installation testing may also measure the ease with which an application
or system can be successfully installed, typically measured in terms of
the average amount of person-hours required for a trained operator or
hardware engineer to perform the installation. Part of this installation
test is to perform an uninstall. As a result of this uninstall, the
system, application and database should return to the state prior to the
install.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Installed Base</td>
<td colspan="23">The current environment.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Institute Of Electrical And Electronics Engineers
(IEEE)</td>
<td colspan="23">An organization of engineers, scientists and students
involved in electrical, electronics, and related fields that also
functions as a publishing house and standards-making body.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)</td>
<td colspan="23">A CCITT-defined digital network standard for integrated
voice and data network access, services, and user network messages.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Integration Test</td>
<td colspan="23">Integration testing is an incremental series of tests
of combinations or sub-assemblies of selected components in an overall
system. Integration testing is incremental in a successively larger and
more complex combinations of components tested in sequence, proceeding
from the unit level (0% integration) to eventually the full system test
(100% integration). Typically, Integration Test (Internal) focuses upon
the interaction of multiple internal modules and is performed by the
development team.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Integration Test (External)</td>
<td colspan="23">The level of testing that covers all activities
associated with the integration of two or more applications into the
client operating system. Integration Test (External) is the testing of
the external integration between the systems, interfaces and operational
processes (automated and manual) for the new or enhanced system.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Integration Test (Internal)</td>
<td colspan="23">An incremental series of tests of combinations or
sub-assemblies of selected components in an overall system. Integration
testing is incremental in a successively larger and more complex
combinations of components tested in sequence, proceeding from the unit
level (0% integration) to eventually the full system test (100%
integration). Typically, Integration Test (Internal) focuses upon the
interaction of multiple internal modules and is performed by the
development team.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Integrity</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The property that data has not been altered or destroyed in an
unauthorized manner. [ISO 7498 - 2]</p></li>
<li><p>A security principle that keeps information from being modified
or otherwise corrupted either maliciously or accidentally. Integrity
protects against forgery or tampering. [O’Reilly]</p></li>
<li><p>The property that an object (health data or information) is
modified only in a specified and authorized manner. [Ball and Collen,
1992]</p></li>
<li><p>Data integrity (the accuracy and completeness of the data),
program integrity, system integrity, and network integrity are all
relevant to consideration of computer and system security. [National
Research Council, 1991]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5"><span id="InteractiveHealthDataRepository"
class="anchor"></span>Interactive Health Data Repository (IHDR)</td>
<td colspan="23">A structured, patient-centric database that serves as
the authoritative electronic medical record for patients across an
enterprise or a portion thereof. As such, it receives, stores, and sends
patient-specific information to and from ancillary systems and other
repositories inside or outside of the enterprise, and can support
real-time or near real-time transaction analysis (such as for medical
alerts). It serves as the base structure for broader, population-based
analysis as well.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Interface</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A mechanism for interacting amongst software systems, products,
components, functions, organizations, or users.</p></li>
<li><p>A boundary across which two independent systems meet and act on
or communicate with each other. In computer technology, there are
several types of interfaces.</p></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><p>User interface - The keyboard, mouse, and menus of a computer
system. The user interface allows the user to communicate with the
operating system.</p></li>
<li><p>Software interface - The languages and codes that the
applications use to communicate with each other and with the
hardware.</p></li>
<li><p>Hardware interface - The wires, plugs, and sockets that hardware
devices use to communicate with each other.</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Interface control</td>
<td colspan="23">Interface control comprises the delineation of the
procedures and documentation, both administrative and technical,
contractually necessary for identification of functional and physical
characteristics between two or more configuration items which are
provided by different contractors/acquiring agencies, and the resolution
of the problems thereto</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5"><span id="InterfaceDefinitionLanguage"
class="anchor"></span>Interface Definition Language (IDL)</td>
<td colspan="23">A language-neutral syntax with the express purpose of
formalizing interfaces.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">International Classification Of Diseases (ICD)</td>
<td colspan="23">ICD is developed by the World Health Organization and
is designed for the classification of morbidity and mortality
information for statistical purposes, and for the indexing of hospital
records by disease and operations, for data storage and retrieval. The
9<sup>th</sup> revision (ICD-9) is in current use and a 10<sup>th</sup>
revision is underway. Diagnoses and procedures coded in ICD-9-CM
(Clinical Modification) determine the DRG that controls reimbursement by
U.S. Public Health Service and Health Care Financing Administration
programs, and most other payers.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">International Standards Organization (ISO)</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>ISO is the international standards organization that is similar
in function to ANSI. They do not create standards but, as with ANSI,
provide a means of verifying that a proposed standard has met certain
requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria by those
developing the standard. After this verification the standard is
approved by ISO as an international standard.</p></li>
<li><p>See also <a href="#ISO">ISO</a></p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">International Standards Organization Technical Committee
215 (ISO TC 215)</td>
<td colspan="23">The ISO TC 215 on Health Information develops and/or
adopts standards in the field of health information and communications
technology. This committee can have a significant impact on health care
standards. It can also fast track the international adoption of existing
European and/or US standards.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">International Standards Organization/International
Electrotechnical Commission 11179 (ISO 11179)</td>
<td colspan="23">The Specification and Standardization of data elements.
This standard provides registry conventions for classifying,
attributing, defining, naming, and registering data elements.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">International Standards Organization/Open System
Interconnection (ISO/OSI)</td>
<td colspan="23">A standard approach to network design developed by the
International Standards Organization that introduces modularity by
dividing the complex set of functions into more manageable,
self-contained, functional elements. OSI is a seven-layer framework for
implementing open systems rules and regulations.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">International Telecommunication Union (ITU)</td>
<td colspan="23">An international committee that promotes international
telecommunication standards.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)</td>
<td colspan="23">An organization that reviews and issues Internet
standards. [CORBA Security Services, 1997]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Internic</td>
<td colspan="23"><p>The official source of information about the
Internet. Its goal is to:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Provide Internet information services</p></li>
<li><p>Supervise the registration of Internet addresses</p></li>
<li><p>Develop and provide databases that serve as white and yellow
pages to the Internet.</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Interoperability</td>
<td colspan="23">The ability of two or more systems or components to
exchange and use information.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Interprocess Communication</td>
<td colspan="23">Communication between two processes, whether the
processes reside on the same or different machines.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Intranet</td>
<td colspan="23">An Internet network behind a firewall.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IP</td>
<td colspan="23">Internet Protocol</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IPF</td>
<td colspan="23">Integrated Patient Funds</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IPSEC</td>
<td colspan="23">Internet Protocol Security</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IR</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Incident Report</p></li>
<li><p>Iterative Release</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IRA</td>
<td colspan="23">Initial Requirements Analysis</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IRM</td>
<td colspan="23">Information Resource Management</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5"><span id="ISO" class="anchor"></span>ISO</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Information Security Officer</p></li>
<li><p>See International Standards Organization (ISO)</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ISO 9000</td>
<td colspan="23">A series of international standards that provides
quality management guidance and identifies quality system elements that
are necessary for quality assurance. In other words, the ISO 9000 series
standards have two main roles: to provide guidance for suppliers of all
types of products that wish to implement effective quality systems (or
improve existing ones); and to provide the generic requirements against
which that quality system can be evaluated.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">ISO/EIC</td>
<td colspan="23">International Standards Organization/International
Electrotechnical Commission</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ISS</td>
<td colspan="23">Infrastructure and Security Services</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Issue</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A point of debate or controversy to be solved or a decision that
has not been made.</p></li>
<li><p>A known project problem that needs attention or corrective
action.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IT</td>
<td colspan="23">Information Technology</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Iteration</td>
<td colspan="23">An iteration is a defined span of time during a
project. The end of an iteration is typically a major project milestone.
In an iteration, the product has to meet a certain quality standard to
reach a milestone. The quality standard is defined by the test cases
that must pass. In many organizations, the tester works with an analyst
or project manager to determine at which iterations the test case needs
to pass</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Iteration Assessment</td>
<td colspan="23"><p>Review of a distinct sequence of activities with a
baselined plan and valuation criteria to result in a release (internal
or external).</p>
<p>A review performed by the project team and facilitated by the project
manager at the end of an iteration. Details the effectiveness of an
iteration and whether to continue with the project.</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Iteration Test Plan</td>
<td colspan="23"><p>The test plan that</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Governs the planning and control of the test effort. This plan
defines the general approach that employed to test the software and to
evaluate the results of that testing, and is the top-level plan that
will be used by managers to govern and direct the detailed testing
work.</p></li>
<li><p>Provides visibility to stakeholders in the testing effort that
adequate consideration has been given to various aspects of governing
the testing effort, and where appropriate to have those stakeholders
approve the plan.</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">ITS</td>
<td colspan="23">Implementation and Training Services</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">ITSCAP</td>
<td colspan="23">Information Technology Security Certification and
Accreditation Program</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">IV&amp;V</td>
<td colspan="23">Independent Verification and Validation</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">IVM</td>
<td colspan="23">Income Verification Match</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  [A](#A)         [B](#B)   [C](#C)   [D](#D)   [E](#E)                        [F](#F)   [G](#G)   [H](#H)   [I](#I)   [J](#J)   [K](#K)   [L](#L)   [M](#M)   [N](#N)   [O](#O)   [P](#P)   [Q](#Q)   [R](#R)   [S](#S)   [T](#T)   [U](#U)   [V](#V)   [W](#W)      [X](#X)         Y      [Z](#Z)   
  --------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- -------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- -- --------- -- -- --- -- --------- --
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  []{#J .anchor}J                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  J2EE                                                    Java 2 Platform,                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                          Enterprise Edition                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  J2SE                                                    Java 2 Platform,                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                          Standard Edition                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  JAAS                                                    Java Authentication                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          and Authorization                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                          Service                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  JAXP                                                    Java API for XML                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                          Processing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  JAXR                                                    Java API for XML                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                          Registries                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  JAX-RPC                                                 Java API for XML,                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                          Remote Procedure                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                          Call                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  JCA                                                     J2EE Connector                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                          Architecture                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  JDBC                                                    Java Database                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                          Connectivity                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  JDO                                                     Java Data Objects                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  JMS                                                     Java Message Service                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  JMX                                                     Java Management                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                          Extensions                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  JNDI                                                    Java Naming and                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                          Directory Interface                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  Joint                                                   A software design                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
  Applications                                            methodology that                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
  Design (JAD)                                            draws users and                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                          information systems                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          professionals                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                          together to jointly                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          design systems in                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                          facilitated working                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          groups.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  Joint                                                   An organization that                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  Commission On                                           certifies the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
  Accreditation                                           compliance of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
  Of Health Care                                          hospitals with a                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
  Organizations                                           number of specific                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  (JCAHO)                                                 accreditation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                          standards. The 1996                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          JCAHO Accreditation                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          Manual for Hospitals                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                          specifies                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                          information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                          management (IM)                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                          standards. IM.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                          states that the                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                          \"confidentiality,                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                          security and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                          integrity of data                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                          and information are                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          maintained.\" IM.2.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                          states that \"the                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                          hospital determines                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          appropriate levels                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                          of security and                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                          confidentiality for                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          data and information                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                          . . . \" and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                          continues by stating                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                          that the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                          \"collection,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                          storage and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                          retrieval systems                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                          are designed to                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                          allow timely and                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                          easy use of data and                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                          information without                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          compromising its                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                          security and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                          confidentiality.\"                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                          IM.2.2.3 states that                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                          \"records and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                          information are                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                          protected against                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                          loss, destruction,                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                          tampering and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                          unauthorized access                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          or use.\" The intent                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                          of these standards                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                          is to ensure that a                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          hospital maintains                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                          the security and                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                          confidentiality of                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                          data and is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                          especially careful                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                          about preserving the                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                          confidentiality of                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                          sensitive data. The                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          hospital is expected                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                          to determine the                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                          level of security                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                          and confidentiality                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          maintained for                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                          different types of                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                          information. Access                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          to each category of                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          information is based                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                          on need and defined                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                          by job title and                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                          function.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  JSP                                                     Java Server Page                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  JVM                                                     Java Virtual Machine                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  JWSDP                                                   Java Web Services                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                          Developers Pack                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="27"><span id="K" class="anchor"></span>K</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">KAAJEE</td>
<td colspan="22">Kernel Authentication &amp; Authorization for Java 2
Enterprise Edition</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Key</td>
<td colspan="22"><ol type="1">
<li><p>In cryptography, a secret value that’s used to encrypt and
decrypt messages. A sequence of symbols (often a large number) that’s
usually known only to the sender and the receiver of the message. See
also private key encryption and public key encryption. [O’Reilly,
1992]</p></li>
<li><p>An input that controls the transformation of data by an
encryption algorithm [National Research Council, 1991].</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">KIDS</td>
<td colspan="22">Kernel Installation and Distribution System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">KP</td>
<td colspan="22">Kaiser Permanente</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="27"><span id="L" class="anchor"></span>L</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="4">Term</th>
<th colspan="23">Definition</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">LAN</td>
<td colspan="23">Local Area Network</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Language</td>
<td colspan="23">A set of rules or conventions to describe a process to
a computer.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Layered Model</td>
<td colspan="23">A type of representation that shows the relationship of
different sets of technologies, processes and/or protocols. Interactions
between different layers occur at adjacent layer boundaries.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">LDAP</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Lightweight Directory Access Protocol</p></li>
<li><p>Local Person Administration Database</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Legacy System</td>
<td colspan="23">A functioning computer software application using
conventional methodologies; usually a significant portion of the current
installed base.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Lessons Learned</td>
<td colspan="23">The documented learning gained from the process of
performing the project. Lessons learned may be identified at any point.
Also considered a project record.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Levels of Test</td>
<td colspan="23">The categories or phases of testing performed. The
levels of testing are: Unit Test, System Test, Integration Test, and
Acceptance Test. The inclusion or exclusion of test levels depends upon
the software acquisition and the test strategy as defined in the Test
Plan. Sometimes called Test Levels.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Lexicon</td>
<td colspan="23">Synonymous with a Controlled Vocabulary.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Lifecycle</td>
<td colspan="23">The series of phases through which a project or product
passes to achieve completion.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Link Encryption</td>
<td colspan="23">Link encryption involves a series of nodes, each of
which decrypts, reads, and then re-encrypts the message as it is
transmitted through the network. With link encryption, both source and
the destination remain private, and no synchronization of special
equipment is required. However, more nodes = more possibilities of the
message being intercepted and/or modified. Contrast with end-to-end
encryption.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Listserv</td>
<td colspan="23">An electronic discussion group that supports the
distribution of files and messages directly to the user's e-mail
box.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Load Testing</td>
<td colspan="23">A performance test that subjects the system to varying
workloads in order to measure and evaluate the performance behaviors and
abilities of the system to continue to function properly under these
different workloads. Load testing determines and ensures that the system
functions properly beyond the expected maximum workload. Additionally,
load testing evaluates the performance characteristics, such as response
times, transaction rates, and other time-sensitive issues.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Logical Observation Identifiers, Names And Codes
(LOINC)</td>
<td colspan="23">The LOINC™ database provides a set of universal names
and ID codes for identifying laboratory and clinical observations. LOINC
codes are used to facilitate the exchange and pooling of clinical
laboratory results, such as blood hemoglobin or serum potassium, for
clinical care, outcomes management, and research.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="27"><span id="M" class="anchor"></span>M</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="4">Term</th>
<th colspan="23">Definition</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">M&amp;IS</td>
<td colspan="23">Messaging &amp; Interface Services</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">M0</td>
<td colspan="23">Milestone 0 – Project Initiation Approval</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Maintenance</td>
<td colspan="23">Any modification required to keep a system (software or
hardware) operating at its intended level.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Major Enhancement</td>
<td colspan="23">An enhancement to existing functionality that has a
work effort of greater than 80 hours.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Management</td>
<td colspan="23">Coordinated activities to direct and control an
organization.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Management Information Systems (MIS)</td>
<td colspan="23">The total of all information resources, manual and
automated, and their application to the normal functions of running an
organization - management, administration, problem solving, etc.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Management System</td>
<td colspan="23">System to establish policy and objectives and to
achieve those objectives.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4"><span id="MandatoryAccessControl"
class="anchor"></span>Mandatory Access Control (MAC)</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>An access control regime wherein resource access control policy
information is always managed by a designated authority, regardless of
who creates the resources. [CORBA Security Services, 1997]</p></li>
<li><p>A means of restricting access to objects that is based on fixed
security attributes assigned to users and to files and other objects.
The controls are mandatory in the sense that they cannot be modified by
users or their programs. [Stallings, 1995] Contrast with discretionary
access control.</p></li>
<li><p>See <a href="#MessageAuthenticationCode">Message Authentication
Code</a>.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Manual Test Script</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A test script that is executed manually to test for a specific
condition or conditions.</p></li>
<li><p>Rational ManualTest lets you create and run test scripts for
tests that you cannot automate. A manual test script is a set of testing
instructions to be run by a human tester. The script can consist of
steps and verification points that you type into an editor.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">MAP</td>
<td colspan="23">Medical Advisory Panel</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">MAR</td>
<td colspan="23">Medical Administration Record</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Markup</td>
<td colspan="23">Tags that are added to the data of a document in order
to convey information about the data.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">MAS</td>
<td colspan="23">Medical Administration Services</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Massively Parallel Systems</td>
<td colspan="23">Tightly coupled multi-processing computers that house
100 or more central processing units (CPUs), each with its own
memory.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Master Patient Index (MPI)</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The means for locating a patient record in a numeric
identification system. [Abdelhak, 1996]</p></li>
<li><p>A cross-reference or index of patients that includes the
patient’s related identifiers and other patient identifying information.
It is used to associate a patient’s identifiers among multiple
ID-assigning entities, possibly including a Health Data Repository, to
support the consolidation and sharing of a patient’s health care
information.</p></li>
<li><p>It has generally referred to an index within a given health care
facility, in which case it serves as a patient directory. [CPRI,
1996a]</p></li>
<li><p>Also called Master Person Index</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Master Test Plan</td>
<td colspan="23"><p>The plan that performs the following functions:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Governs the planning and control of the test effort. It defines
the general approach that will be employed to test the software and to
evaluate the results of that testing, and is the top-level plan that
will be used by managers to govern and direct the detailed testing
work.</p></li>
<li><p>Provides visibility to stakeholders in the testing effort that
adequate consideration has been given to various aspects of governing
the testing effort, and where appropriate to have those stakeholders
approve the plan.</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">MDC</td>
<td colspan="23">Mapped Diagnostic Context</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)</td>
<td colspan="23">The statistical average operating time between the
start of a component's life and the time of its first electronic or
mechanical failure.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Memory</td>
<td colspan="23">The storage facilities of a computer; the term is
applied only to internal storage as opposed to external storage, such as
disks or tapes.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Message Authentication</td>
<td colspan="23">Ensuring, typically with a message authentication code,
that a message received (usually via a network) matches the message
sent. [O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4"><span id="MessageAuthenticationCode"
class="anchor"></span>Message Authentication Code (MAC)</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A code calculated during encryption and appended to a message. If
the message authentication code calculated during decryption matches the
appended code, the message was not altered during transmission.
[O’Reilly, 1992] Sometimes the acronym "MAC" is used for message
authentication code.</p></li>
<li><p>See <a href="#MandatoryAccessControl">Mandatory Access
Control</a>.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Message Digest</td>
<td colspan="23">A function that maps a variable-length data block or
message into a fixed-length values called a hash code. The function is
designed in such a way that, when protected, it provides an
authenticator to the data or message. A hash function. [Stallings,
1995]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Meta Data Registry (MDR)</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>VHA’s Meta Data Registry will contain information about data
element standards and a catalog of data within existing systems that map
to those standards. The Registry will support users and systems in
locating, retrieving, and exchanging data. It will provide the
capability to map disparate concept representations into a common
ground, allowing for medication and reconciliation across care
facilities and organizations. It will also provide standards for the
development of data elements that will help to minimize data redundancy
and improve data quality. The registry is being developed in conformance
with and building upon ISO Standard 11179 Specification and
Standardization of Data Elements.</p></li>
<li><p>An authoritative source of reference information about the
representation, meaning, and format of primary stores of data collected
and managed by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The MDR does
not contain the data itself, but rather the information that is
necessary to clearly describe, inventory, analyze, and classify
data.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Metadata</td>
<td colspan="23">Metadata provides descriptive information about the
content, context, quality, condition, location, and other
characteristics of data. For example, metadata would document data about
data elements or attributes, (name, size, data type, business rule,
etc.) and data about records or data structures (length, fields,
columns, etc.) and data about physical data (where it is located, how it
is associated, ownership, etc.). Metadata enables meaningful information
exchange and enterprise-wide data integrity. In addition, it can be
crucial to managing applications changes as organizations evolve.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Meta-Object Facility (MOF)</td>
<td colspan="23">As described in the MOF specification, its prime
purpose is to define CORBA interfaces for information models defined in
terms of the MOF model using standard interfaces and interoperable
semantics. These interfaces allow a client to create, access, and update
information described by the model, with the expectation that the
information will be managed in a way that maintains the structural and
logical consistency constraints specified in the information model
definition.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Methodology</td>
<td colspan="23">A set of formal protocols followed when performing a
task.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Metrics</td>
<td colspan="23">Measures used to indicate progress or achievement</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)</td>
<td colspan="23">A MAC level data and communications network which
operates over metropolitan or campus areas and recently has been
expanded to nationwide and even worldwide connectivity of high-speed
data networks. A MAN can carry video, data, and has been defined as both
the DQDB and FDDI standard sets.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">MFS</td>
<td colspan="23">MFileServer</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">MI</td>
<td colspan="23">Milestone 1 – Prototype Development Approval</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Middleware</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Software that interprets requests between a PC or workstation
application and an antiquated database running on a mainframe. Also used
to describe software that helps an application communicate with an
underlying operating system. Middleware is also frequently used as a
mechanism for communication between distributed application
processes.</p></li>
<li><p>A common software interface between components, modules or
applications. Middleware facilitates the interaction of disparate
entities through a set of commonly defined protocols that provide
transport and or conversion services. Middleware may also serve to
interface between applications and network communications and platform
technologies.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Middleware Architecture</td>
<td colspan="23">Defines the set of interface components and
specifications that enable integration among the client and server
systems to improve the overall usability of a distributed
architecture.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Migration Testing</td>
<td colspan="23"><p>A type of testing that follows standard VistA and
HealtheVet-VistA operating procedures and loads the latest .jar version
onto a live copy of VistA and HealtheVet-VistA. The following are
examples of the types of tests that can be performed as part of
migration testing:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Data conversion has been completed</p></li>
<li><p>Data tables are successfully created</p></li>
<li><p>Parallel test for confirmation of data integrity</p></li>
<li><p>Review output, like report, before and after migration to confirm
data integrity</p></li>
<li><p>Run equivalent process, before and after migration</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">MII</td>
<td colspan="23">Milestone 2 – System Development Approval</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">MIII</td>
<td colspan="23">Milestone 3 – System Deployment Approval</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Milestone</td>
<td colspan="23">A significant event that occurs at a single specific
point in time, usually denoting initiation or completion. Milestones are
also used to communicate decisions made or received.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Millions Of Instructions Per Second (MIPS)</td>
<td colspan="23">Measured in millions, i.e., 19 MIPS is nineteen million
machine instructions per second, a measure used to compare relative
computing power.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Minor Enhancement</td>
<td colspan="23">An enhancement to existing functionality that has a
work effort of less than or equal to 80 hours.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">MISS</td>
<td colspan="23">Medical Information Security Service</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">MIV</td>
<td colspan="23">Milestone 4 – Post Implementation Review</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">MMI</td>
<td colspan="23">Master Member Index</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Model</td>
<td colspan="23">A way of simulating reality, usually for the purpose of
abstracting and simplifying it to make it understandable in a particular
context.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Model Driven Architecture (MDA)</td>
<td colspan="23">A <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_design">software design</a>
methodology, proposed and sponsored by the Object Management Group (<a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_Management_Group">OMG</a>).
[Wikepedia, 2005]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Modulator/Demodulator (MODEM)</td>
<td colspan="23">An external or internal device attached to a computer
that translates digital information into analog form and back again.
This device enables computers to communicate over telephone lines.
Telecommunications software is required to act as an interface between
the computer and its modem and other computers and telecommunications
software.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Module</td>
<td colspan="23">A self-contained part of a hardware item designed as a
single replaceable unit, with a specific integral electronic
function</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">MRTS</td>
<td colspan="23">Message Routing and Translation System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">MS</td>
<td colspan="23">Microsoft</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">MS IE</td>
<td colspan="23">Microsoft Internet Explorer</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">MS IE3</td>
<td colspan="23">Microsoft Internet Explorer (version 3)</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">MS IIS</td>
<td colspan="23">Microsoft Internet Information Server</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">MTF</td>
<td colspan="23">Medical Treatment Facilities</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP)</td>
<td colspan="23">A type of OLAP that enables multidimensional analysis
of typically aggregated data stored in proprietary, multidimensional
databases. MOLAP tools often provide the capability to “reach-through”
and retrieve detailed data from relational sources.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">MUMPS</td>
<td colspan="23">Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multiprogramming
System (now known as “M”)</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">MVC</td>
<td colspan="23">Model View Controller</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">MVR</td>
<td colspan="23">Master Veteran Record</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">MyHeV</td>
<td colspan="23">MyHealth<em><u>e</u></em>Vet</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table>
<colgroup>
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</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="28"><span id="N" class="anchor"></span>N</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="4">Term</th>
<th colspan="24">Definition</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">National Committee For Information Technology Standards
(NCITS)</td>
<td colspan="22">Formerly known as X3, NCITS is an ANSI Accredited
Standards Committee on information technology. It is responsible for
developing standards in technology areas such as multimedia, storage
media, database, security, programming languages, etc.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">National Information Infrastructure (NII)</td>
<td colspan="22">A concept conceived by the Clinton Administration and
an alliance of computer, software, cable, and phone companies. The
proposed concept would be the electronic network of tomorrow and would
use phone line, cable systems, and high-speed data-networks to link
everyone, including government agencies, universities, company
presidents, and private citizens. The concept envisions vast amounts of
services, entertainment, and information being made readily available
through computers, televisions, telephones, and other means of
electronic communication.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">National Institute Of Standards And Technology
(NIST)</td>
<td colspan="22">Created in 1901 as the National Bureau of Standards and
renamed in 1988, NIST works to strengthen U.S. industry's international
competitiveness, advance science, and improve public health, safety and
the environment. NIST conducts science and engineering research in
commercially important fields.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">National Provider Identifier (NPI)</td>
<td colspan="22"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A unique identifier for all health care providers (individuals
and organizations) in the U. S. that will be used in administrative,
financial and other electronic transactions. The NPI will be assigned by
the National Provider System.</p></li>
<li><p>A system to generate and maintain unique identifiers for all
health care providers (individuals and organizations) in the U.S. The
NPS will be administered by the Health Care Finance Administration
(HCFA) of the Department of Health and Human Services.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">National Research And Education Network (NREN)</td>
<td colspan="22">A group that shares research and education information
over a computer network.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">NCA</td>
<td colspan="22">National Cemetery Administration</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">NCID</td>
<td colspan="22">Numeric Concept Identifier</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">NCPS</td>
<td colspan="22">National Center for Patient Safety</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">NCQA</td>
<td colspan="22">National Committee for Quality Assurance</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">NDC</td>
<td colspan="22">National Drug Code (issued by FDA)</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">NDF</td>
<td colspan="22">National Drug File</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">NDF-RT</td>
<td colspan="22">National Drug File-Reference Terminology</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">NDS</td>
<td colspan="22">National Data Systems</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Need To Know</td>
<td colspan="22">A security principle stating that a user should have
access only to the data he or she needs to perform a particular
function. [O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Needs Analysis</td>
<td colspan="22">A quantitative and qualitative study of the technology
needs of an organization, including assessment, analysis, and
forecasts.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Network</td>
<td colspan="22">The means for one computer or device to work and
communicate with another. It is a combination of software and hardware
that supports transmission of information from one computer to
another.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Network Architecture</td>
<td colspan="22"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A set of design principles, including the organization of
functions and services, used as the basis for design and implementation
of a user application network.</p></li>
<li><p>The design of a communications infrastructure inclusive of
hardware, software, access methods, and protocols. It defines the
various topologies, and carrier services necessary to facilitate the VA
backbone interconnection to sub-nets and extranets.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Network Information Center (NIC)</td>
<td colspan="22">Any organization responsible for supplying information
about any network.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP)</td>
<td colspan="22">An extension of the TCP/IP protocol that describes how
newsgroup messages are transported between compatible servers.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Network-Addressable Storage (NAS)</td>
<td colspan="22">Allows applications to supplement their infrastructure
by offloading storage requirements from targeted server platforms to
shared resources. Also called Storage Area Networks.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Neural Network</td>
<td colspan="22">A computer architecture that enables redundancy,
self-reparation of communications paths, and supports high traffic loads
through routing decisions.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">NIH</td>
<td colspan="22">National Institutes of Health</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">NLM</td>
<td colspan="22">National Library of Medicine</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Node</td>
<td colspan="22">A junction of communications paths in a network.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Nonconformance</td>
<td colspan="22">Non-fulfillment of a requirement or noncompliance to a
specified standard.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Non-Repudiation</td>
<td colspan="22"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The provision of evidence which will prevent a participant in an
action from convincingly denying his responsibility for the action.
[CORBA Security Services, 1997]</p></li>
<li><p>Proof (to a third party) that only the signer could have created
a signature. A basis of legal recognition of electronic signatures.
[ASTM E1762]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">NPAD</td>
<td colspan="22">National Patient Administration Database</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">NPCD</td>
<td colspan="22">National Patient Care Database</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">NPF</td>
<td colspan="22">New Person File (aka VistA file #200)</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">NPI</td>
<td colspan="22">National Provider Index</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">NPM</td>
<td colspan="22">National Patch Module</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">NPS</td>
<td colspan="22">National Provider System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">N-Tier Application</td>
<td colspan="22">Software applications built using a layered model
approach. N-tier relates to the number of defined interfaces that allow
vertical components to be adapted or replaced without affecting the
other tiers. The interactions between tiers serve as the focal point and
are defined. Internal design within a tier is not in scope.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">NVS</td>
<td colspan="22">National VistA Support</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">NPI</td>
<td colspan="22">National Provider Identifier</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">NPPES</td>
<td colspan="22">National Plan and Provider Enumeration System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  [A](#A)           [B](#B)   [C](#C)   [D](#D)                          [E](#E)   [F](#F)   [G](#G)   [H](#H)   [I](#I)   [J](#J)   [K](#K)   [L](#L)   [M](#M)   [N](#N)   [O](#O)   [P](#P)   [Q](#Q)   [R](#R)   [S](#S)   [T](#T)   [U](#U)   [V](#V)   [W](#W)      [X](#X)         Y      [Z](#Z)   
  ----------------- --------- --------- --------- ---------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- -- --------- -- -- --- -- --------- --
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  []{#O .anchor}O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  Term                                            Definition                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  O&M                                             Operations and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  Maintenance                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

  OASIS                                           Organization for the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  Advancement of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  Structured Information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  Standards                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Object                                          From the Orange Book                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  definition \"A passive                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  entity that contains                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  or receives                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                  information. Access to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  an object potentially                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  implies access to the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  information it                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  contains. Examples of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  objects are records,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  blocks, pages,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  segments, files,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  directories, directory                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  trees, and programs,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  as well as bits,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  bytes, words, files,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  processors, video                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  displays, keyboards,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  clocks, printers,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  network nodes, etc.\"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  \[O'Reilly, 1992\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  Object Attributes                               The quality, feature                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  or characteristic of a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  person or thing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  (object). The elements                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  of data that define a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  given object.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  Object Management                               Is a not-for-profit                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
  Group (OMG)                                     consortium of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                  technology vendors                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  developing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                  commercially viable                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  and vendor independent                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  specifications for the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  software industry. OMG                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  is the steward for the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  Common Object Request                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  Broker Architecture                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  (CORBA) and Unified                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  Modeling Language                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  (UML) standards.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  Object Request                                  Technology that allows                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  Broker (ORB)                                    application processes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  to communicate across                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  a network using an                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  object-oriented                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  architecture. A                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  software process that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  acts as a director                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  coordinating                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                  activities across                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  multiple nodes within                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  a distributed software                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  architecture.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  Object-Oriented                                 Systems composed of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
  Systems                                         objects (conceptual or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  programmatic                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                  abstractions that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  include data and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  functionality                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                  encapsulated in a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  single unit) that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  communicate with one                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  another using                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                  explicitly defined                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  interfaces.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

  OBS                                             Organizational                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  Breakdown Structure --                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  A hierarchy built to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  reflect the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                  organization's project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  management structure.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  OCIO                                            Office of Chief                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  Information Officer                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  OCIS                                            Office of Cyber and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  Information Security                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  (VA)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  OCS                                             Office of Cyber                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  Security                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  ODBC                                            Open Database                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                  Connectivity                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  OI                                              Office of Information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  OIA                                             Office of Information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  Assurance (Part of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  OI - Gail Graham's                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  group)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  OIFO                                            Office of Information                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  Field Office                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  OLAP                                            On Line Analytical                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  Processing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  OMB                                             Office of Management                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  and Budget                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  OMB Exhibit 300                                 (Capital Asset Plan                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  and Business Case) --                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  OMB Circular A-11 Part                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  7 describes the OMB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  Exhibit 300 as a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  format to demonstrate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  to agency management                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  and OMB that it has                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  employed the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                  disciplines of good                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  project management,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  represented a strong                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  business case for the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  investment, and met                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  other Administration                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  priorities to define                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  the proposed cost,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  schedule, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                  performance goals for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  the investment if                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  funding approval is to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  be obtained.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  ONCHIT                                          Office of the National                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  Coordinator for Health                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  Information Technology                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  One File Model                                  The one-file model of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  function point                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  counting is a method                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  of calculating an                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  estimated function                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  point very early in a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  project. The premise                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  states that new                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  functionality or an                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  enhancement usually                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  involves the addition                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  of a new file. With a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  new file comes a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  predictable amount of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  necessary                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                  accessibility to that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  file, namely, the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  ability to Add,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  Update, and Delete                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  file entries, as well                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  as the capability to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  Inquire and produce                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  some sort of Output.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  This minimal                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                  accessibility for one                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  file can be reduced to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  the following function                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  point components- 3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  EI, 1 EQ, and 1 EO.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  Once the appropriate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  weight of the Internal                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  Logical File (ILF)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  being created is added                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  the basis for an                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  estimate is completed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  On-Line                                         Online Transaction                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
  Transaction                                     Processing systems are                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  Processing (OLTP)                               optimized for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                  processing high volume                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  transactions. They                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  generally include a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  large number of global                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  users. These systems                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  can handle large                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  number of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                  changes/updates. OLTP                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  systems guarantee                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  transaction integrity,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  response times, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  throughput. Example:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  airline reservation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  system.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  Open System                                     A system capable of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  communicating with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  other open systems by                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  virtue of implementing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  common nonproprietary                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  standard protocols.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  Open Systems                                    Use of standardized                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
  Architecture                                    technology and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  structures for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  hardware, operating                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  system, databases,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  fault tolerances, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  networking and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  communications                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  transport. \[ASTM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  E1769\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  Open Systems                                    A group that supports                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  Foundation (OSF)                                open computing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  Open Systems                                    A standard approach to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  Interconnection                                 network design                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  (OSI)                                           developed by the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  International                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                  Standards Organization                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  that introduces                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  modularity by dividing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  the complex set of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  functions into more                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  manageable,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                  self-contained,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  functional elements.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  OSI is a seven-layer                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  framework for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                  implementing open                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  systems rules and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  regulations.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  Operational                                     Confidence that a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  Assurance                                       trusted system's                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  architecture and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  implementation enforce                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  the system's security                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  policy. In the Orange                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  Book, the set of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  operational assurances                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  includes system                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  architecture, system                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  integrity, covert                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  channel analysis, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  trusted recovery.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  \[O'Reilly, 1992\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  Operational Data                                A database where                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  Store (ODS)                                     transactions are                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  processed (recorded,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  updated, and deleted).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  It contains recent                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  data and is likely to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  be highly volatile. An                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  operational data store                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  (ODS) consolidates                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  data from multiple                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  transactional systems                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  and provides a near                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  real-time,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                  semi-integrated view                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  of volatile, current,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  limited history, data.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  An ODS may be                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                  organized around an                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  organization's major                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  subject areas (e.g.,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  patient, provider) and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  is used by analysts                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  for operational                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  decisions. The ODS may                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  also be used as a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  staging area to drive                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  a data warehouse or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  data mart.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  OPQM                                            Office of Performance                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  and Quality Measures                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  OQL                                             Object Query Language                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  Organizational                                  Every project within                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  Requirement (Aka                                that organization has                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  Service Level                                   to conform to those                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
  Requirements):                                  requirements. A                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  requirement imposed by                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  a service line or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  organizational unit                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  (e.g., HSD&D or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  HSITES) for all                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                  systems within their                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  direct control or for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  which they provide                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  oversight.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                  Organizational                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  requirements apply to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  multiple projects.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  Organizational                                  Arrangement of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  Structure                                       responsibilities,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  authorities, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  relationships between                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  people.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  OS                                              Operating System                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  OSE                                             Open Systems                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                  Environment                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

  Ownership                                       It is a generally                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  accepted principle                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  that the primary                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  patient record is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  maintained and owned                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  by the health care                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  provider. This                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  principle is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                  established by                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  statutes and licensing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  regulations in many                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  states, which grant                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  the provider control                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  over the physical                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                  document, but give the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  patient ownership-type                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  rights to the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                  information contained                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  in the record.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  Therefore, the patient                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  generally has control                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                  over the release of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  patient-identifiable                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                  (confidential)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                  information, except in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                  circumstances                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                  identified by case                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  law, by federal or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  state statutes and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                  regulations, and by                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                  provider policy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                  \[CPRI, 1994\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
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<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="27"><span id="P" class="anchor"></span>P</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="4">Term</th>
<th colspan="23">Definition</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Package Acquisition</td>
<td colspan="23">The purchase, or lease, of software</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PAID</td>
<td colspan="23">Personnel and Accounting Integrated Data System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PAP</td>
<td colspan="23">Policy Administration Point</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Parallel</td>
<td colspan="23">Pertaining to data or instructions processed several
bits at a time, rather than one bit at a time.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Parser</td>
<td colspan="23">A parser is a specialized software program that
recognizes SGML and markup in a document. A parser that reads a DTD and
checks and reports on markup errors is a validating SGML parser. A
parser can be built into an SGML editor to prevent incorrect tagging and
to check whether a document contains all the required elements.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Pass/Fail Criteria</td>
<td colspan="23">Decision rules used to determine whether a software
item or software feature passes or fails a test.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Patient Oriented Management Architecture (POMA)</td>
<td colspan="23">The POMA Object Model Specification is intended to
define the business object framework required to integrate multiple
application software packages in a managed care environment, including
ambulatory, non-ambulatory, and in-home settings. Health care
application software packages can export their functions in terms of the
POMA model, making them accessible to other applications through
standard programming interfaces. POMA is a vendor-neutral, public domain
specification. POMA interfaces may be distributed over multi-vendor,
heterogeneous networks through the use of distributed object
technology.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Patient Record Architecture</td>
<td colspan="23">See <em>Electronic Health Record
Architecture</em>.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PATS</td>
<td colspan="23">Patient Advocate Tracking System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Pattern (Also Analysis Pattern, Design Pattern, Process
Pattern)</td>
<td colspan="23">Patterns are simply a structured way of documenting an
analysis, design, process or approach to a given problem. Included are
the relevant context, a known and successful solution strategy, and
relevant implications. In general, something is not considered to be a
pattern until it has been observed as successful in at least three
independent instances.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PAYVA</td>
<td colspan="23">Payroll system for VA</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PBM</td>
<td colspan="23">Pharmacy Benefit Manger</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PC</td>
<td colspan="23">Personal Computer</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PCE</td>
<td colspan="23">Patient Care Encounter</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PCMM</td>
<td colspan="23">Primary Care Management Module</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PCP</td>
<td colspan="23">Primary Care Provider</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PDA</td>
<td colspan="23">Personal Digital Assistant</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PDX</td>
<td colspan="23">Patient Data Exchange</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Performance</td>
<td colspan="23">A quantitative measure characterizing a physical or
functional attribute relating to the execution of a mission/operation or
function.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Performance Profiling</td>
<td colspan="23">A performance test that assesses how a system is
spending its time and consuming resources. This type of performance
testing optimizes the performance of a system by measuring how much time
and resources the system is spending in each function. These tests
identify performance limitations in the code and specify which sections
of the code would benefit most from optimization work. The goal of
performance profiling is to optimize the feature and application
performance.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Performance Testing</td>
<td colspan="23"><p>Performance testing determines the processing
thresholds and limitations for the system under test for all hardware,
software and network components. Performance testing may include various
types: benchmark testing, contention testing, performance profiling,
load testing, stress testing and volume testing. Performance testing
helps to identify performance and network bottlenecks and response
times</p>
<p>Each type of performance test achieves a different goal. Early in the
Inception Phase iterations, performance tests focus on very broad
architectural-related issues. For example, these performance tests
determine how long it takes for the main page to load. During the
construction phase iterations, additional tests are implemented and
executed to tune the software and environment (optimizing response time
and resources) and to verify that the applications and system acceptably
handle high load and stress conditions, such as a large numbers of
transactions, clients, and / or volumes of data.</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Person Identification Service (PIDS)</td>
<td colspan="23">The Person Identification Service is an OMG Interface
Specification standard responsible for the identification, correlation,
and search within and across a specified domains (A <em>domain</em> is a
sphere of influence. For instance, a person has an identifier issued by
the Social Security Administration [Social Security Number] which is
different that their identifier issued by the State Department [Passport
Number]. Both the Social Security Administration and State Department
could be considered separate domains.) for identifiers based upon a
provided set of search criteria traits. Essentially, this service
provides for the assignment and reconciliation of multiple identifiers
across domains and in supporting multiple implementation topologies.
CORBA specification from OMG</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Personally Identifiable Health Information</td>
<td colspan="23">Health information that contains an individual's
identifiers (e.g., name, social security number, birth date) or contains
a sufficient number of variable to allow identification of an
individual. [OTA, 1993, Institute of Medicine, 1994]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PFOP</td>
<td colspan="23">Personal Funds of Patient</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PFSS</td>
<td colspan="23">Patient Financial Services System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PGD</td>
<td colspan="23">Program Director</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PGP</td>
<td colspan="23">Pretty Good Privacy</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Phase</td>
<td colspan="23">The time between two major project milestones, during
which a well-defined set of objectives is met, artifacts are completed,
and decisions are made to move or not move into the next phase.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Phases</td>
<td colspan="23">A collection of logical related project activities
usually culminating in the completion of a major milestone or
deliverable.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PHI</td>
<td colspan="23">Protected Health Information</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Physical Security</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Protection of physical computer systems and related buildings and
equipment from fire and other natural and environmental hazards, as well
as from intrusion. Also covers the use of locks, keys, and
administrative measures used to control access to computer systems and
facilities. [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
<li><p>The measures used to provide physical protection of resources
against deliberate and accidental threats. [CORBA Security Services,
1997]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PIMS</td>
<td colspan="23">Patient Information Management System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PIN</td>
<td colspan="23">Personal Identification Number</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PL</td>
<td colspan="23">Public Law</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Planned Value (PV)</td>
<td colspan="23">The physical work scheduled, plus the authorized budget
to accomplish the scheduled work.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Planning</td>
<td colspan="23">Preparing, developing, or acquiring the information you
will use to: design the investment, assess the benefits, risks, and
risk-adjusted life-cycle costs of alternative solutions, and establish
realistic cost, schedule, and performance goals, for the selected
alternative, before either proceeding to full acquisition of the capital
project (investment) or useful segment or terminating the investment.
Planning must progress to the point where you are ready to commit to
achieving specific goals for the completion of the acquisition before
preceding to the acquisition phase. Information gathering activities may
include market research of available solutions, architectural drawings,
geological studies, engineering and design studies, and prototypes.
Planning is a useful segment of a capital project (investment).
Depending on the nature of the investment, one or more planning segments
may be necessary.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PMI</td>
<td colspan="23">Project Management Institute</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PMIS</td>
<td colspan="23">Project Management Information System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PMO</td>
<td colspan="23">Project Management Office</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PMP</td>
<td colspan="23">Project Management Plan -- The strategic document(s)
for describing and executing a project. The PMP defines the technical
and managerial approach, project functions, and deliverables necessary
to satisfy the requirements of a project, such as agreement on scope and
priorities.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">POJO</td>
<td colspan="23">Plain Old Java Object</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Policy</td>
<td colspan="23">A guiding principle, typically established by senior
management, which is adopted by an organization or project to influence
and determine decisions.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Portability</td>
<td colspan="23">The ease with which a system or component can be
transferred from one hardware or software environment to another.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">POSIX</td>
<td colspan="23">Portable Operating System Interface</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Post-Implementation Report</td>
<td colspan="23">Documents project status and performance as a result of
the Post-Implementation Review.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Post-Implementation Review</td>
<td colspan="23">The last of the VA IT milestone reviews. Conducted at a
time when an assessment of the operation of the project output is
practical. Determines open project activities and insures major project
requirements are satisfied.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PRE</td>
<td colspan="23">Pharmacy Reengineering</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Precision</td>
<td colspan="23">The degree to which further measurements or
calculations will show the same or similar results.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Preventive Action</td>
<td colspan="23">An action taken to eliminate the causes of potential
non-conformity, defect, customer complaint, process improvement, or
lessons learned assessment.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Primary Patient Record (Primary Record Of Care)</td>
<td colspan="23">The primary legal record documenting the health care
services provided to a person in any aspect of health care delivery.
This term is synonymous with medical record, health record, client
record, and residence record. When stored in a computer system and used
by caregivers while providing patient care services to review patient
data, receive decision support, and document their own observations,
actions, or instructions it is synonymous with all terms associated with
computer-based patient record. [ASTM E1384; CPRI, 1996d]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Privacy</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>An individual’s desire to limit the disclosure of personal
information. [NRC, 1997]</p></li>
<li><p>The right of individuals to keep information about themselves
from being disclosed to anyone. [CPRI, 1995c]</p></li>
<li><p>As set forth by Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis in an 1890
article that first enunciated the concept of privacy as a legal interest
deserving an independent remedy, privacy was described as "the right to
be let alone." Further, Alan Westin conceived of privacy as "an
instrument for achieving individual goals of self realization." [OTA,
1993]</p></li>
<li><p>Ball and Collen describe privacy as the right of an individual to
be left alone, to withdraw from the influence of the environment; to be
secluded, not annoyed, and not intruded upon by extension of the right
to be protected against physical or psychological invasion or against
the misuse or abuse of something legally owned by an individual or
normally considered by society to be property. [Ball and Collen,
1992]</p></li>
<li><p>A security principle that protects individuals from the
collection, storage, and dissemination of information about themselves
and the possible compromises resulting from unauthorized release of that
information. [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Privacy Act Of 1974</td>
<td colspan="23">A U.S. law that grants people certain rights to
information collected about them by the federal government and its
agencies. These rights include finding out what information has been
collected, to see and have a copy of the information, to correct or
amend the information, and to exercise limited control of the disclosure
of that information to other parties. [U.S.C. §552a(b), 1977]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Private Key</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>One of the two keys used in an asymmetric encryption system. For
secure communication, the private key should be known only to its
creator. [Stallings, 1995]</p></li>
<li><p>A key in an asymmetric algorithm; the possession of this key is
restricted, usually to one entity. [ASTM E1762]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Private-Key Encryption</td>
<td colspan="23">A type of encryption that uses a single key to both
encrypt and decrypt information. Also called symmetric, or single-key,
encryption. Contrast with public key encryption. [O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Privilege</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A right granted to a user, a program, or a process. For example,
certain users may have the privileges that allow them to access certain
files in a system. Only the system administrator may have the privileges
necessary to export data from a trusted system. [O’Reilly,
1992]</p></li>
<li><p>A security attribute that need not have the property of
uniqueness, and which thus may be shared by many users and other
principals. Examples of privileges include groups, roles, and
clearances. [CORBA Security Services, 1997]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Process</td>
<td colspan="23">The execution of a sequential series of activities or
actions that are required to achieve a desired outcome (e.g., interview
process, performance review, Software Development Life Cycle
process).</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Process validation</td>
<td colspan="23">Establishing by objective evidence that a process
consistently produces a result or product meeting its predetermined
specifications.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Product</td>
<td colspan="23">The end-deliverable that meets the customer’s
need.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Product Requirements Document (PRD)</td>
<td colspan="23">The document generated after the IRA has been approved,
usually only when the project is very large. The PRD is used to collect,
analyze, and define the high-level user needs and features of the
product. It contains the business activities and product attributes that
have been outlined by the requesters and expecters. The PRD is an
optional document.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Program</td>
<td colspan="23">A group of related projects managed in a coordinated
way. Programs usually include an element of ongoing work.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)</td>
<td colspan="23">An event-oriented network analysis technique used to
estimate project duration when there is uncer­tainty in the individual
activity duration estimates. PERT applies the critical path method using
durations that are computed by a weighted average of optimistic,
pessimistic, and most likely duration estimates. PERT computes the
standard deviation of the completion date from those of the path’s
activity durations.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)</td>
<td colspan="23">An event-oriented network analysis technique used to
estimate project duration when there is uncertainty in the individual
activity duration estimates. PERT applies the critical path method using
durations that are computed by a weighted average of optimistic,
pessimistic, and most likely duration estimates. PERT computes the
standard deviation of the completion date from those of the path’s
activity durations.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Program Manager</td>
<td colspan="23">The role at a high enough level in an organization that
the primary focus is the long-term vitality of the organization, rather
than the short-term project and contractual concerns and pressures</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Project</td>
<td colspan="23">A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique
product or service. A project has defined start and end dates.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Project Budget</td>
<td colspan="23">The estimated costs, over time, for each project Work
Breakdown Structure element.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Project Charter</td>
<td colspan="23">A document issued by senior management that formally
authorizes the existence of a project. It provides the Project Manager
with the authority to apply organizational resources to project
activities.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Project Glossary</td>
<td colspan="23"><p>A project glossary defines important business
processes and terminology used in the other project’s artifacts that are
not considered common knowledge to all readers. It ensures that all the
project’s artifacts make correct and consistent use of those terms. The
entire project team will provide project terms to be placed in the
glossary.</p>
<p>The glossary is a part of the set of artifacts for your project. This
document is used to define terminology specific to your domain,
explaining terms that might be unfamiliar to the reader of the use-case
descriptions or other project documents. This document can also be used
as an informal data dictionary. It captures data definitions so that
use-case descriptions and other project documents can focus on what the
system must do with the information.</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Project Management</td>
<td colspan="23">The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and
techniques to project activities in order to meet the project
requirements.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Project Management Plan (PMP)</td>
<td colspan="23">A management summary document that gives the essentials
of a project in terms of its objectives, justification, and how the
objectives are to be achieved. It describes how major activities of the
project management function are to be accomplished (project execution),
and describes the methods of overall project control. The project
management plan includes the subsidiary plans covering the project
management knowledge areas.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Project Management Team</td>
<td colspan="23">The members of the project team who are directly
involved in project management activities. On some smaller projects, the
project management team may include virtually all of the project team
members.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Project Manager (PM)</td>
<td colspan="23">The individual who is delegated authority and assigned
responsibility for managing all phases of a project.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Project Phase</td>
<td colspan="23">A collection of logical related project activities
usually culminating in the completion of a major milestone or
deliverable.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Project Requirement</td>
<td colspan="23">Describes the needs of that project. Project
requirements are the detailed characteristics that define an individual
project’s particular set of deliverables.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Project Schedule</td>
<td colspan="23">The planned dates for performing activities and the
planned dates for meeting milestones.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Project Scope</td>
<td colspan="23">The work that must be done to deliver a product with
the specified features and functions.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Project Scope Management</td>
<td colspan="23">A subset of project management that includes the
processes required to ensure that the project includes all of the work
required, and only the work required, to complete the project
successfully. It consists of initiation, scope planning, scope
definition, scope verification, and scope change control.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Project Sponsor</td>
<td colspan="23">Executive level person or organization that champions
the project goals. In some cases, but not all, the project sponsor may
control the financial resources for the project.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Project Team</td>
<td colspan="23">A group consisting of team leader, systems analyst,
technical writer, programmer, quality control, Customer Support liaison,
System Implementation liaison whose objective is to deliver a software
product that meets the customer’s need.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Project/System Business Rule</td>
<td colspan="23">A project/system business rule describes the
relationship between two or more processes or data items internal to the
project/system or in relation to a process or data item external to
project/system.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Propriety Standard (Defacto Standard)</td>
<td colspan="23">A standard which has been endorsed by industry or
government as the accepted international standard, but not officially
approved by an accredited standards body such as ISO.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Protocol</td>
<td colspan="23">A mutually determined formal agreement - standard -
that determines the form and style of communication that assures
reliable information transfers between computers.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PSD</td>
<td colspan="23">Person Service Demographics</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">PSIM</td>
<td colspan="23">Person Service Identity Management</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">PSL</td>
<td colspan="23">Person Service Lookup</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4"><mark>PSPL</mark></td>
<td colspan="23"><mark>Person Service Lookup – obsolete acronym as of
09/15/2004</mark></td>
<td colspan="5"><mark></mark></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Public Key</td>
<td colspan="23"><ol type="1">
<li><p>One of the two keys used in an asymmetric encryption system. The
public key is made public, to be used in conjunction with a
corresponding private key.[Stallings, 1995]</p></li>
<li><p>In a public-key (asymmetric) crypto-system, the component of a
key pair which is revealed. [CORBA Security Services, 1997]</p></li>
<li><p>A key in an asymmetric algorithm, that is publicly available.
[ASTM E1762]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Public Key Certificate</td>
<td colspan="23">An agreement that binds a user's name to a public key,
signed by a trusted issuer. A framework for the use of public key
certificates was defined in Consultative Committee on International
Telephony and Telegraphy (CCITT) standard X.509. [National Research
Council, 1991] The certificate contains the user's name and public key,
the certification authority's name, a serial number, and a validity
period. [ASTM E1762]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)</td>
<td colspan="23">A system of digital certificates, Certificate
Authorities, and other registration authorities that verify and
authenticate the validity of each party involved in an Internet
transaction. The concept of a PKI is currently evolving and there is no
single PKI or even a single agreed-upon standard for setting up a PKI.
However, nearly everyone agrees that reliable public key infrastructures
are necessary before electronic commerce can become widespread.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Public-Key Crypto-System</td>
<td colspan="23">An encryption system that uses an asymmetric-key (q.v.)
cryptographic algorithm. [CORBA Security Services, 1997]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Public-Key Encryption</td>
<td colspan="23">A type of encryption that uses two mathematically
related keys. The public key is known within a group of users. The
private key is known only to its owner. Asymmetric encryption. Contrast
with private key encryption. [O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="3">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="49"><span id="Q" class="anchor"></span>Q</th>
<th colspan="4"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="9">Term</th>
<th colspan="40">Definition</th>
<th colspan="4"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Quality</td>
<td colspan="40">The degree to which a system, component, or process
meets specified requirements, standards, conventions, and user needs and
expectations.</td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Quality Assurance</td>
<td colspan="40">The set of activities that defines and implements
quality into the software development process. Typical quality assurance
activities include conducting reviews, executing testing, performing
audits, analyzing metrics, and surveying customers.</td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Quality Control</td>
<td colspan="40">The set of activities that determines product
correctness and initiates action when nonconformance is detected.
Typical quality control activities are document reviews, patch reviews,
root cause analysis, and defect repair.</td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Quality Management</td>
<td colspan="40">A collection of quality policies, plans, procedures,
specifications, and requirements is attained through quality assurance
(Managerial) and quality control (Technical).</td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Quality Management Plan</td>
<td colspan="40">Address what will be measured, how it will be measured,
the responsibility for those activities and how quality improvement will
be implemented during the course of the project.</td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Quality Plan</td>
<td colspan="40"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A document setting out the specific quality practices, resources,
and activities relevant to a particular product, process, service,
contract, or project.</p></li>
<li><p>A document specifying which procedures and associated resources
shall be applied by whom and when to a specific project, product,
process or contract. </p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Quality Planning</td>
<td colspan="40">Identifying which quality standards are relevant to the
project, and determining how to satisfy them.</td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Quality Policy</td>
<td colspan="40">The overall intentions and direction of an organization
as regards quality as formally expressed by top management.</td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Quality Records</td>
<td colspan="40"><p>A type of documentation established and maintained
to provide evidence of conformance to requirements and to the effective
operation of the quality management system.</p>
<p>Examples of quality records are meeting agendas, meeting minutes,
email correspondence, attendance sheets, training certificates, review
results, evaluation of suppliers, and more.</p></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Quality Risk</td>
<td colspan="40">A Quality Risk is a potential failure category in which
the system might not meet reasonable user and customer expectations or
business needs. Risk can be rated/categorized according to the level of
risk posed.</td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Query Language</td>
<td colspan="40">A defined set of syntax and commands used to submit
queries to a text retrieval system.</td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
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</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="48"><span id="R" class="anchor"></span>R</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="7">Term</th>
<th colspan="41">Definition</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7"><span id="RAD" class="anchor"></span>RAD</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Rapid Application Development – A type of software development
life cycle.</p></li>
<li><p>See <a href="#ResourceAccessDecision">Resource Access
Decision</a></p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">RADIUS</td>
<td colspan="41">Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">RAI/MDS</td>
<td colspan="41">Resident Assessment Instrument/Minimum Data Set</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">RAS</td>
<td colspan="41">Reliability, Availability, Serviceability</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">RBAC</td>
<td colspan="41">Role Based Access Control</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">RCS</td>
<td colspan="41">Record Control Schedule</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">RDBMS</td>
<td colspan="41">Relational Database Management System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Real Time</td>
<td colspan="41">Programs which process immediately as information is
received rather than accumulating data for long periods and processing
all of it at one time (batch).</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Recovery</td>
<td colspan="41">The restoration of an information system back to an
error-free and secure state from which normal operation can resume.
[O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Recovery Testing</td>
<td colspan="41">A type of testing that causes an application or system
to fail in a controlled environment. Recovery processes are invoked
while an application or system is monitored. Recovery testing verifies
that application or system, and data recovery is achieved. Recovery
Testing should be combined with Failover Testing.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Redisclosure</td>
<td colspan="41">The disclosure by a third party recipient of disclosed
health information without the authorization of the patient. [Abdelhak,
1996]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">REE</td>
<td colspan="41">Registration, Eligibility and Enrollment</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Reengineering</td>
<td colspan="41">The process of examining and altering an existing
system to reconstitute it in a new form</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Reference Architecture</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A specific technical framework defined by basic political,
economic, functional, and technical constraints which guides future
planning and implementation and is essential to understanding both how
the current systems operate and how evolution of systems can and should
proceed.</p></li>
<li><p>An abstraction, or model, of the relationships between business
processes, information needs, application systems, data definitions, and
delivery systems or infrastructure.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Reference Information Model (RIM)</td>
<td colspan="41">A representation of the business domain of an area of
interest serving to establish a basis for shared meaning (e.g., semantic
interoperability) within or across systems.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Regression Test</td>
<td colspan="41">A type of testing that validates existing functionality
still performs as expected when new functionality is introduced into the
system under test.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Relationship</td>
<td colspan="41">The include and extend are relationships within the use
case.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Release</td>
<td colspan="41">The formal notification and distribution of an approved
version.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Release Management</td>
<td colspan="41">The techniques, processes, and deliverables that assist
in managing the development and delivery of a release.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Release Of Information</td>
<td colspan="41">The disclosure of documents containing
patient-identifiable information to a third party requester. [Huffman,
1985]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Reliability</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A measure of consistency of data items based on their
reproducibility and an estimation of their error of measurement.
[Institute of Medicine, 1994]</p></li>
<li><p>The duration or probability of failure-free performance under
stated conditions; or the probability that an item can perform its
intended function for a specified interval under stated
conditions.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Replay</td>
<td colspan="41">The recording of a legitimate message and the later,
unauthorized resending of the message. [O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Repository</td>
<td colspan="41">A structure for storing descriptions and behaviors of
objects in an enterprise, including requirements, policies, processes,
data, software libraries, projects, platforms and personnel, with the
potential of supporting both software development and operations
management.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Repudiation</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The denial by a message sender that the message was sent, or by a
message recipient that the message was received. [O’Reilly,
1992]</p></li>
<li><p>Denial by one of the entities involved in a communication of
having participated in all or part of the communication. [ASTM
1762]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Requesters</td>
<td colspan="41">The person in the organization that defines the
business activities and tell us how well those activities need to be
accomplished (performance measures in terms of cost, efficiency and
quality are requesters.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Requirement</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or
achieve an objective.</p></li>
<li><p>A condition or capability that must be met or possessed by a
system or system component to satisfy a contract, standard,
specification, or formally imposed document.</p></li>
<li><p>A documented representation of a condition or capability as in 1
or 2.</p></li>
<li><p>A requirement is something that the product must do or a quality
that the product must have” [Mastering The Requirements Process] A
measurable need that provides specific functionality or enforces a given
policy in order to fulfill an objective. Requirement sources include
laws, policies, standards, guidelines, rules and stakeholders.
Requirements may also include constraints and specifications.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Requirements</td>
<td colspan="41">User needs that trigger the development of a program,
system, or project. Requirements may be business, functional, and/or
system needs. They are documented in detail in the Software Requirements
Specifications (SRS) document.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Requirements Allocation</td>
<td colspan="41">Requirements Allocation involves the process of
identifying Enterprise and Organizational requirements for allocation to
projects and the mechanism that offers such identified requirements to
project teams for tracing and compliance.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Requirements Baseline</td>
<td colspan="41">A baseline is a snapshot of requirements at a
particular point in time in the requirements management lifecycle.
Requirements often change and baselines allow the capturing of a
snapshot of requirements at a significant point in time and provide the
capability to perform comparisons with previously captured
baselines.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Requirements Management Plan (RMP)</td>
<td colspan="41"><p>Provides guidelines for the design and
implementation of a project in RequisitePro. Document Types, Attributes,
and Traceability Criteria for Requirement Types, and possible ways to
report and measure the requirements are defined here and implemented in
Rational’s RequisitePro. (from our RMP artifact)</p>
<p>The RMP describes the guidelines used by the project to establish
standard requirement documents, requirement type, requirement
attributes, and traceability. The RMP defines a general strategy for
managing requirements and serves as a resource for everyone
participating in a project</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Requirements Model</td>
<td colspan="41">The method we organize the requirements (e.g.,
requirement types, document types, classification, etc.); a conceptual
model.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Requirements Negotiation</td>
<td colspan="41">During the requirements negotiation process,
requirements are analyzed, validated, peer-reviewed and confirmed with
stakeholders.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Requirements Traceability</td>
<td colspan="41">Requirements can be traceable backwards to their origin
in higher-level requirements and forward to lower level requirements,
design elements, code components, and test components.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">RequisitePro</td>
<td colspan="41">An IBM Rational tool used to create, manage and
maintain requirements. RequisitePro integrates with ClearQuest,
ClearCase, Test Manager, and Robot to provide traceability throughout
the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7"><span id="ResourceAccessDecision"
class="anchor"></span>Resource Access Decision (RAD)</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>An OMG Interface Specification standard, RAD is intended to
provide an interface to allow for business logic to be removed from
direct implementation within application logic and encapsulated to
provide for independent maintenance and reuse. RAD provides a mechanism
to allow for business rules and policies to be evaluated (and the
implications of combining multiple policies and policy evaluators) so as
to return a yes/no decision based upon a given context.</p></li>
<li><p>See <a href="#RAD">RAD</a></p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Responsible Manager</td>
<td colspan="41">The individual who is delegated authority and assigned
responsibility for a managing of portion/phase of a project. The
Responsible Manager is not the Project Manager.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Resumption Requirements</td>
<td colspan="41">Defined criteria that must be met in order for testing
to resume.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Reverse Engineering</td>
<td colspan="41">The process of extracting, standardizing, and
documenting data descriptions and program logic from an
implementation-dependent form to an implementation-independent form and
then migrating that information to a new environment.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Review</td>
<td colspan="41">Activity undertaken to determine the suitability,
adequacy and effectiveness of the subject matter to achieve established
objectives.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">RFID</td>
<td colspan="41">Radio Frequency Identification</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">RFP</td>
<td colspan="41">Request for Proposal</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">RFQ</td>
<td colspan="41">Request for Quotation</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Right</td>
<td colspan="41">A named value conferring the ability to perform actions
in a system. Access control policies grant rights to principals (on the
basis of their security attributes); in order to make an access control
decision, access decision functions compare the rights granted to a
principal against the rights required to perform an operation. [CORBA
Security Services, 1997]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Risk</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a
positive or negative effect on a project’s objectives.</p></li>
<li><p>An ongoing or upcoming concern that has a significant probability
of adversely affecting the success of major milestones.</p></li>
<li><p>A potential problem that may cause damage to the software,
systems, patient, personnel or operating systems.</p></li>
<li><p>The aggregate effect of the likelihood of occurrence of a
particular threat with the degree of vulnerability to that threat and
the potential consequences of the impact to the organization if the
threat did occur. [Stallings, 1995]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Risk Assessment</td>
<td colspan="41">An analysis of a system’s information needs and
vulnerabilities to determine how likely they are to be exploited in
different ways and the costs of losing and/or recovering the system or
its information.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Risk Management</td>
<td colspan="41">The art and science of identifying, analyzing, and
responding to risk factors throughout the life of a project and in the
best interests of its objectives.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Risk Management Plan</td>
<td colspan="41">Documents how risk processes will be carried out during
the project. This is an output of Risk Management planning.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Risk Mitigation</td>
<td colspan="41">Risk mitigation seeks to reduce the probability and/or
impact of a risk to below an acceptable threshold.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Risk-based Testing</td>
<td colspan="41">Testing based on a defined list of project risk
designed to explore and /or uncover potential system failures by using
the list of risk to select and prioritize testing.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">RM</td>
<td colspan="41">Requirements Management</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">RMI</td>
<td colspan="41">Remote Method Invocation</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">RMIM</td>
<td colspan="41">Refined Message Information Model [HL7]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">RMP</td>
<td colspan="41">Requirements Management Plan</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Robot</td>
<td colspan="41">An IBM Rational tool used to create and execute test
cases and test scripts, both automated and manual. Robot integrates with
RequisitePro, ClearQuest, ClearCase, and Test Manager to provide
traceability throughout the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">ROI</td>
<td colspan="41">Return on Investment</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Role</td>
<td colspan="41">A privilege attribute representing the position or
function a user represents in seeking security authentication. A given
human being may play multiple roles and therefore require multiple role
privilege attributes. [CORBA Security Services, 1997]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">RPC</td>
<td colspan="41">Remote Procedure Call</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">RSA</td>
<td colspan="41">Replacement Scheduling Application</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">RTM</td>
<td colspan="41">Reference Terminology Model</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">RUP</td>
<td colspan="41">Rational Unified Process</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table>
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</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="48"><span id="S" class="anchor"></span>S</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="7">Term</th>
<th colspan="41">Definition</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">S/MIME</td>
<td colspan="41">Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SAAJ</td>
<td colspan="41">SOAP with Attachments API for Java</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SAC</td>
<td colspan="41">Standards and Conventions</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SAF</td>
<td colspan="41">Security Architecture Framework</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Safeguard</td>
<td colspan="41">Countermeasures, specifications, or controls,
consisting of actions taken to decrease the organizations existing
degree of vulnerability to a given threat probability, that the threat
will occur. Technical, physical and procedural mechanisms used to
protect an information system, personnel, proprietary or other sensitive
information.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SAML</td>
<td colspan="41">Security Assertion Markup Language</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SAN</td>
<td colspan="41">Storage Area Network</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SAS</td>
<td colspan="41">Statistical Analysis System (a product name)</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SCA</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Security Controls Assessment</p></li>
<li><p>Security Certification and Accreditation</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Scalability</td>
<td colspan="41">The capability of a system to perform acceptably on any
size computer depending on the needs of the user; implies minimal change
to accommodate this variance.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SCC</td>
<td colspan="41">Scope Change Control – Part of Project Scope
Management, which also includes Scope Planning, Scope Definition, and
Scope Verification</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Scenario</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A test scenario is a detailed, linear, step by step description
of a specific user-driven goal.</p></li>
<li><p>In Test Manager test scripts can be grouped together in a
scenario so that more than one user or computer group can share them. If
you have a complicated suite that uses several test scripts, grouping
the test scripts in a scenario has the added advantage of making your
suite easier to read and maintain.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Schedule Critical Path –</td>
<td colspan="41">Activities or tasks in a project schedule that, if the
duration changes, will either shorten or lengthen the total duration of
the project.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Schedule Dependency</td>
<td colspan="41">The linking of tasks in a project schedule in order of
execution or implementation. Example: task must be completed before task
B.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Schedule Development</td>
<td colspan="41">Analyzing activity sequences, activity durations, and
resource re­quirements to create the project schedule.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Schedule Management</td>
<td colspan="41">Updating the project master schedule and comparing
progress with the baseline schedule. Changes to the project schedule are
managed through the Integrated Change Control Plan.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Schedule Performance</td>
<td colspan="41">Comparing the project master schedule with the baseline
schedule to determine slippage or changes in scope.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Scope</td>
<td colspan="41">The sum of the products and services to be provided as
a project. See project scope and product scope.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Scope Creep</td>
<td colspan="41">Any change to the project scope (products and services
described by the project) that happens incrementally and is subtle in
recognition.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Scope Statement</td>
<td colspan="41">The scope statement provides a documented basis for
making future project decisions and for confirming or developing common
understanding of project scope among the stakeholders. As the project
progresses, the scope statement may need to be revised or refined to
reflect approved changes to the scope of the project.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SCS</td>
<td colspan="41">Subscription Control Service</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SDD</td>
<td colspan="41">Software Design Document</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SDK</td>
<td colspan="41">Software Developer Kit</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SDO</td>
<td colspan="41">Standards Development Organization</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SDS</td>
<td colspan="41">Standard Data Service</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Secret Key</td>
<td colspan="41">A key in a symmetric algorithm; the possession of this
key is restricted, usually to two entities. [ASTM E1762]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Secret Key Crypto-System</td>
<td colspan="41">A crypto-system that uses a symmetric-key (q.v.)
cryptographic algorithm. [CORBA Security Services, 1997]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Section 508</td>
<td colspan="41">Refers to Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
(29 U.S.C. 794d), which requires Federal agencies to develop, procure,
maintain, or use electronic and information technology (EIT) that is
accessible to Federal employees and members of the public with
disabilities.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Secure Time</td>
<td colspan="41">A reliable Time service that has not been compromised,
and whose messages can be authenticated by their recipients. [CORBA
Security Services, 1997]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
(S/Mime)</td>
<td colspan="41">An extension to the MIME protocol that supports
encryption of e-mail messages.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Security</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The combination of availability, confidentiality, integrity and
accountability. Freedom from risk or danger. Safety and the assurance of
safety. [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
<li><p>Means to control access and protect information from accidental
or intentional disclosure to unauthorized persons and from alteration,
destruction, or loss. [CPRI, 1995b]</p></li>
<li><p>Protection of information systems against unauthorized access to
or modification of information, whether in storage, processing, or
transit, and against the denial of service to authorized users or the
provision of service to unauthorized users, including those measures
necessary to detect, document, and counter such threats. [National
Security Council]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Security and Access Control Testing</td>
<td colspan="41">A type of testing that attests that the target-of-test
data (or systems) are accessible only to those actors for which they are
intended, as defined by use cases. Security and Access Control Test
Verify that access to the system is controlled and that unwanted or
unauthorized access is prohibited. This test is implemented and executed
on various targets-of-test.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Security Architecture</td>
<td colspan="41">The security architecture is a description of how and
where information assurance technology is integrated into the reference
architecture to help ensure that the right information can be delivered
to the right system users at the right time, and that sensitive
information is protected.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Security Audit</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>An independent review and examination of system records and
activities in order to test for adequacy of system controls, to ensure
compliance with established policies and operational procedures, to
detect security breaches and to recommend any indicated changes in
control policy and procedures. [ISO 7498 - 2]</p></li>
<li><p>The facility of a secure system that records information about
security-relevant events in a tamper-resistant log. Often used to
facilitate an independent review and examination of system records and
activities in order to test for adequacy of system controls, to ensure
compliance with established policy and operational procedures, to detect
breaches in security, and to recommend changes in control, policy and
procedures. [CORBA Security Services, 1997]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Security Domain</td>
<td colspan="41">A set of information system assets for which an
organization (or user) has responsibility for the implementation and
maintenance of security. [Stallings, 1995]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Security Level</td>
<td colspan="41">A representation of the sensitivity of information,
derived from a sensitivity label (consisting of a classification and
categories). [O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Security Management</td>
<td colspan="41">Security management services provide secure system
set-up and initialization, control of security policy parameters,
management of user registration data and system resources and
restrictions on the use of administrative functions.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Security Operations Center (SOC)</td>
<td colspan="41">Operational activities with the primary mission of
remotely managing and monitoring approved VA gateway connections. The
SOC is subordinate to the VA Computer Incident Response Capability (VA
CIRC)</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Security Policy</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A statement of the set of rules, measures and procedures that
determine the physical, procedural and personnel security controls
imposed on the management, distribution and protection of assets.
[Stallings, 1995]</p></li>
<li><p>The framework within which an organization establishes needed
levels of information security to achieve the desired confidentiality
goals. A policy is a statement of information values, protection
responsibilities, and organization commitment for a system. It is a set
of laws, rules, and practices that regulate how an organization manages,
protects, and distributes sensitive information. [OTA, 1993]</p></li>
<li><p>The American Health Information Management Association recommends
that security policies apply to all employees, medical staff members,
volunteers, students, faculty, independent contractors, and agents.
[AHIMA, 1996c]</p></li>
<li><p>From the Orange Book definition "The set of laws, rules, and
practices that regulate how an organization manages, protects, and
distributes sensitive information.” [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
<li><p>The data that defines what protection a system’s security
services must provide. There are many kinds of security policy,
including access control policy, audit policy, message protection
policy, non-repudiation policy, etc. [CORBA Security Services,
1997]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Security Service</td>
<td colspan="41">Code that implements a defined set of security
functionality. Security services include Access Control, Audit,
Non-repudiation, and others. [CORBA Security Services, 1997]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Security Target</td>
<td colspan="41">The statement of security requirements and functional
specifications to be used as baseline for an evaluation. [ITSEC]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Semantic Interoperability</td>
<td colspan="41">Shared meaning across systems or organizations. Any use
of information or information concepts that are capable of being applied
consistently while maintaining context and based on consistent
underlying definitions are considered to be semantically
interoperable.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Semantic Mediation</td>
<td colspan="41">The process by which disparate representations of the
same concept are reconciled.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Sensitive Information</td>
<td colspan="41">Information that, if lost or compromised, would
negatively affect the owner of the information, would jeopardize the
ability of the system to continue processing, and/or would require
substantial resources to recreate. According to the U.S. government
(NTISSP 2), "information the disclosure, alteration, loss, or
destruction of which could adversely affect national security or other
federal government interests." [O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Sensitivity</td>
<td colspan="41">The degree of importance assigned to information
denoting its need for protection against confidentiality related
security breaches.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Sensitivity Label</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A security level associated with the content of the information.
[National Security Council] Society has historically considered
information that has a heightened potential for causing harm to the
patient or data subject, or to others, such as the subject's spouse,
children, friends, or sexual partners. The degree to which the
information will cause public humiliation, stigmatization, lost
employment, insurance problems, or loss of family and friends all
contributes to it being identified as "sensitive." Records that contain
information about socially or politically prominent persons have also
been accorded special protections. Society is beginning to attribute
special sensitivity to any and all health information. [Kunitz and
Associates, Inc., 1995]</p></li>
<li><p>A label representing the security level of an object and
describing the sensitivity of the data in the object. The label consists
of two parts a hierarchical classification and a set of non-hierarchical
categories or compartments. In systems supporting mandatory access
controls, sensitivity labels determine whether a particular subject will
be allowed to access a particular object. [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SEPG</td>
<td colspan="41">Software Engineering Process Group</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Sequence Diagram</td>
<td colspan="41">Model that shows object interactions arranged in time
sequence.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Serial</td>
<td colspan="41">Pertaining to data or instructions that are processed
in sequence, one bit at a time, rather than in parallel (several bits at
a time).</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Service Level Requirement (aka Organizational
Requirement)</td>
<td colspan="41">A requirement specifying a line of business policies or
procedures imposed by a service line or organizational unit (e.g.
HSD&amp;D, HSITES) for all systems within their direct control or a
requirement that is imposed on a service consumer by the providing
service (e.g., to use Clinical Data Service, a consumer must implement
some specific logic to ensure patient confidentiality).</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SES</td>
<td colspan="41">Secure Email Service</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SIG</td>
<td colspan="41">Special Interest Group</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SIL</td>
<td colspan="41">Security Integration Laboratory</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SLA</td>
<td colspan="41">Service Level Agreement</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SLCA</td>
<td colspan="41">System Level Controls Appendix</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Smart Card</td>
<td colspan="41">An access card containing encoded information and
sometimes a microprocessor and a user interface. The information on the
code, or the information generated by the processor, is used to gain
access to a facility or a computer system. [O’Reilly, 1992]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SME</td>
<td colspan="41">Subject Matter Expert</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Smoke Test</td>
<td colspan="41">A type of testing that ensures that an application or
system is stable enough to enter testing in the currently active test
phase. It is usually a subset of the overall set of tests, preferably
automated, that touches parts of the system in at least a cursory
way.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SMS</td>
<td colspan="41">Software Management Server</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SMTP</td>
<td colspan="41">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SNMP</td>
<td colspan="41">Simple Network Management Protocol</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SOA</td>
<td colspan="41">Service Oriented Architecture</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SOAP</td>
<td colspan="41">Simple Object Access Protocol</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Software</td>
<td colspan="41">Computer programs</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Software</td>
<td colspan="41">Instructions, or programs, that enable a computer to do
useful work; contrasted with hardware, or the actual computer
apparatus.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)</td>
<td colspan="41">The framework on which to map activities, methods,
standards, procedures, tools, products, and services used in the
production and evolution of a software development project.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Software Quality Assurance (SQA)</td>
<td colspan="41">The set of activities that defines and implements
software quality into the process and encompasses systematic activities
that provide evidence that the product meets the customers’
expectations, in terms of use and the associated quality factors. This
includes monitoring the methods and standards used then verifying that
they have properly been applied. SQA tracks that the required procedures
have taken place during the SDLC. It does this by auditing the quality
actions of the products in development and alerting management to any
deviations.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Software Reengineering</td>
<td colspan="41">The transformation from one level of abstraction to
another; a process based on a usual design methodology, proceeding from
requirements to a final product.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Software Release</td>
<td colspan="41">A software release is to create a new version of the
system or program and release it to the user community. Each time a
software system or program is changed, the programmers and company doing
the work decide how to distribute the changes or the changed system or
program to those people using it.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Software Requirements Specification (SRS)</td>
<td colspan="41">The document that outlines the detailed functional,
hardware, communication, interface, memory, and implementation
requirements for a project. All software elements produced must be able
to be validated against the SRS. It contains what is required for the
project. The SRS is a mandatory document.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SOP</td>
<td colspan="41">Standard Operating Procedure</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SP</td>
<td colspan="41">Standards Profile</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SPI</td>
<td colspan="41">Security Plug-In</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Sponsor</td>
<td colspan="41">Also known as the Project Sponsor. Person(s)
responsible for funding a project. Usually they are the final arbiter
for large unresolved issues. Model that shows object interactions
arranged in time sequence.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SQL</td>
<td colspan="41">Structured Query Language</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SQL Access Group (SAG)</td>
<td colspan="41">A consortium of 42 leading systems and suppliers that
include most suppliers in the relational database market. The group’s
mission is to solve the SQL RDBMS interoperability problems by
developing a technical specification to enable multiple RDBMSs and
application tools to work together.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SRE</td>
<td colspan="41">Signature Recorded Electronically</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SSL</td>
<td colspan="41">Secure Socket Layer</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">S-SMTP</td>
<td colspan="41">Secure Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SSN</td>
<td colspan="41">Social Security Number</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SSO</td>
<td colspan="41">Single Sign On</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">SSO/UC</td>
<td colspan="41">Single Sign-On / User Context</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">SSP</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Services Specification Project [HL7/OMG]</p></li>
<li><p>Site Security Plan</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Stakeholder</td>
<td colspan="41"><p>A person who either has an impact on, or is impact
by, a project’s outcome.</p>
<p>Any person or representative of an organization who has a stake, a
vested interest in the outcome of a project.</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Stakeholder Need</td>
<td colspan="41">A business or operational problem (opportunity) that
must be fulfilled to justify use</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Standard</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Mandatory requirements employed and enforced to prescribe a
disciplined uniform approach to software development, that is, mandatory
conventions and practices are in fact standards</p></li>
<li><p>A specification that is sanctioned by a Standards Development
Organization (SDO), or one that is widely used and accepted (de
facto).</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Stateless</td>
<td colspan="41">Having no information about what occurred previously.
Most modern <a
href="http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/application.html">applications</a>
<em>maintain <a
href="http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/state.html">state</a></em>, which
means that they remember what you were doing last time you ran the
application, and they remember all your configuration settings. This is
extremely useful because it means you can mold the application to your
working habits.[Webopedia]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Statement of Work (SOW)</td>
<td colspan="41">A narrative description of products or services to be
supplied under contract.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Status</td>
<td colspan="41"><p>The various states through which a test incident
passes on the way to resolution and closure. The test incident states
are:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Submitted – When a test incident is logged and reported for
repair.</p></li>
<li><p>Assigned – When a test incident is assigned for
correction.</p></li>
<li><p>Opened - When a test incident is opened and corrected.</p></li>
<li><p>Deleted – When an item is originally reported as a test incident,
but later deleted because the item is either a duplicate or not a test
incident.</p></li>
<li><p>Resolved – When a test incident is corrected and sent for review
or verification.</p></li>
<li><p>Re-Opened – When a test incident is closed and then reopened for
modification.</p></li>
<li><p>Returned – When a test incident is reviewed, verified as
"incorrect", and returned to author.</p></li>
<li><p>Verified – When a test incident is reviewed and verified as
"correct".</p></li>
<li><p>Closed – When a test incident is successfully reviewed and closed
with a resolution.</p></li>
<li><p>Deferred – When a test incident is designated for correction at a
later date.</p></li>
<li><p>Escalated – When a test incident is sent to management for
review.</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">STEP</td>
<td colspan="41"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Systems &amp; Technology Education Program</p></li>
<li><p>Security Technology Evaluation Prototype (Part of Enterprise
Architects / OI)</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Stereotype</td>
<td colspan="41"><p>A group of people or things that share similar
characteristics.</p>
<p>A meta-classification of an element. A new type of modeling element
that extends the semantics of the metamodel. Stereotypes must be based
on existing types or classes in the metamodel. Stereotypes may extend
the semantics, but not the structure of pre-existing types and
classes.</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Steward</td>
<td colspan="41">A person who takes responsibility to make decisions and
take actions today that will allow resources to be maintained in a
healthy manner. Stewardship is the act of managing resources; the
long-term responsibility for the care and management of corporate
knowledge.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">STM</td>
<td colspan="41">Short Term Model</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Stress Test</td>
<td colspan="41">A performance test implemented and executed to
understand how a system fails due to conditions at the boundary, or
outside of, the expected tolerances. This failure typically involves low
resources or competition for resources. Low resource conditions reveal
how the target-of-test fails that is not apparent under normal
conditions. Other defects might result from competition for shared
resources, like database locks or network bandwidth, although some of
these tests are usually addressed under functional and load testing.
Stress testing verifies the acceptability of the systems performance
behavior when abnormal or extreme conditions are encountered, such as
diminished resources or extremely high number of users.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Strong Authentication</td>
<td colspan="41">Authentication by means of cryptographically derived
credentials. [ISO/IEC 9594- 8]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Structured Terminology</td>
<td colspan="41">Alternative term for Controlled Vocabulary.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Style</td>
<td colspan="41">Term used to denote differences in design or
appearance</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Summary Test Incident Report</td>
<td colspan="41">A document summarizing testing activities and test
results. It also may contain an evaluation of the software or
system.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Supplemental Specification</td>
<td colspan="41"><p>Captures nonfunctional requirements not easily
captured in use cases.</p>
<p>The Supplementary Specification captures the system (non-functional)
requirements that are not readily captured in the Use-Case
Specifications. Examples of nonfunctional requirements include
constraints, application and system performance, legal and regulatory
requirements, hardware and software.</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Suspension criteria</td>
<td colspan="41">Decision rules used to determine when testing is halted
and corrective actions are undertaken.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS)</td>
<td colspan="41">A high-speed (up to 34Mbps), connectionless, packet
switched MAN data service. It is considered a wideband/broadband data
service and is designed to be easily integrated into user's existing
local data communications and computing environments while having
minimal impact on user's existing hardware and software.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Symmetric Encryption</td>
<td colspan="41">A form of cryptography in which encryption and
decryption are performed using the same key. Also known as conventional
encryption. [Stallings, 1995]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Symmetric Key</td>
<td colspan="41">The key used in a symmetric ("secret-key") encryption
system. In such systems, the same key is used for encryption and
decryption. [CORBA Security Services, 1997]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">System</td>
<td colspan="41">A linked collection of computer programs, or components
that perform a generic business or technical function.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">System Performance</td>
<td colspan="41">The total effectiveness of a computer system, including
throughput, response time, and availability (e.g. 99.5% uptime
availability end-to-end).</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">System Requirement</td>
<td colspan="41">A condition or capability that must be met or possessed
by a system or system component to satisfy a condition or capability
needed by a user to solve a problem</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">System Security</td>
<td colspan="41">The result of all safeguards including hardware,
software, personnel policies, information practice policies, disaster
preparedness, and oversight of these components. [Institute of Medicine,
1994]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">System Security Administrator</td>
<td colspan="41">The person who controls access to computer systems by
entering commands to perform such functions as assigning user access
codes and privileges, revoking user access privileges, and setting file
protection parameters. [CPRI, 1996c]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">System Test</td>
<td colspan="41">System Test exercises all parts of an integrated
system, including interfaces to external systems. Both functional and
structural types of testing are performed to verify that the system
performance, operation and functionality are sound. System Test performs
end-to-end testing with all interfacing systems.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">System Testing</td>
<td colspan="41">The internal functional and technical testing of the
software and review of the documentation. The purpose of system testing
is to test software as a whole to ensure it performs functionally and
technically according to the requirements and standards.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">System Throughput</td>
<td colspan="41">The amount of data that can move through a computer
system in a given amount of time (e.g. 1 Gb/sec LAN backbone).</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) Clinical
Terms (CT)</td>
<td colspan="41">A dynamic, scientifically validated clinical reference
terminology that makes health care knowledge more usable and accessible.
[http://www.snomed.org/, 2005]</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="7">Systems Management</td>
<td colspan="41">A set of processes that facilitates the use of and
change to technical resources that deliver information services. These
processes are performed by a combination of manual procedures and
automated tools.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="7">Systems Network Architecture (SNA)</td>
<td colspan="41">An architecture based on the use of microprocessors in
each major device in a hardware configuration and the use of SDLC
protocol.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 3%" />
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</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="48"><span id="T" class="anchor"></span>T</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="9">Term</th>
<th colspan="39">Definition</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Task</td>
<td colspan="39">A generic term for work that is not included in the
work breakdown structure, but potentially could be a further
decomposition of work by the individuals responsible for that work.
Also, lowest level of effort on a project.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">TBD</td>
<td colspan="39">To Be Determined</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">TCP/IP</td>
<td colspan="39">Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">TDE</td>
<td colspan="39">Terminology Development Environment</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Technical Reference Model (TRM)</td>
<td colspan="39">The document that provides a framework and common
vocabulary to describe the information systems domain.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Technology</td>
<td colspan="39">Specification requirements shall be delineated in light
of acceptable technological risks defined by risk assessment.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Technology Baseline</td>
<td colspan="39">An inventory of the "as is" state of technology. It
identifies existing technology to determine what can be leveraged for
the future and what changes must be made to achieve the desired
state.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Technology Trends</td>
<td colspan="39">Existing patterns of change that can be used to infer
or predict the future of technology.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Telemedicine</td>
<td colspan="39">Electronic capabilities that verify patients’ insurance
and eligibility; order tests and receive results; and submit claims and
manage referrals. Also includes the ability of physicians to offer
consultations remotely.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Telnet</td>
<td colspan="39">Remote login (Internet)</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Template</td>
<td colspan="39">A subset of the VHIM used to define payloads. An
example of this from the Pharmacy domain, we may specify InPatientOrder,
OutPatientOrder, RefillRequest, etc.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Terminology Query Service (TQS)</td>
<td colspan="39">An OMG Interface Specification standard addressing
lexical mediation.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A set of one or more test cases.</p></li>
<li><p>A set of one or more test procedures.</p></li>
<li><p>A set of one or more test cases or procedures.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Analysis Report (TAR)</td>
<td colspan="39">A document that identifies the purpose, scope, method,
and findings of test execution performed by IV&amp;V.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Asset</td>
<td colspan="39">A test artifact developed or used by the test team,
i.e. Use Cases, Test Data, Requirements, and Test Cases.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Case</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A specific condition being executed within a system under test. A
test case includes set-up steps, input data, user interaction, expected
and actual results, and the type of test or technique being
performed.</p></li>
<li><p>Documentation specifying inputs, predicted results, and a set of
execution conditions for a test item (IEEE).</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Condition</td>
<td colspan="39">A specific situation, scenario or function executed for
the system under test. Each Test Condition causes one or more Test Cases
to be generated. The result(s) of each Test Case is evaluated in order
to determine the completeness and accuracy of the implementation for
each condition or scenario.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Coverage</td>
<td colspan="39">A term used generically to refer to how the extent of
testing should be or has been measured. Typical approaches to measuring,
the extent of testing include: considering the degree to which a given
set of tests address the formal specifications specified test cases for
a given system or component.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Cycle</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A period of test activity that includes amongst other things the
execution and evaluation of tests. The span of time between the
acceptance of a software build into the test environment, when a build
is made available for independent testing and, when the current period
of testing activity on that build ends. The majority of iterations will
contain at least one test cycle, although an iteration can contain from
none to many test cycles.</p></li>
<li><p>The end-to-end execution of tests, per phase. Multiple tests may
be executed during each phase. Tests may be repeated in subsequent
cycles.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9"><span id="TestData" class="anchor"></span>Test Data</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The input data and file conditions associated with specific Test
Cases.</p></li>
<li><p>The replication of processing conditions using test
transactions.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>See also: <a href="#TestInput">Test Input</a></p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Data Requirements</td>
<td colspan="39">Specifications that must be met in order to replicate
the processing conditions using test transactions.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Design</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Documentation specifying the details of the test approach for a
software feature or combination of software features and identifying the
associated tests (IEEE)</p></li>
<li><p>The process of defining the Test Conditions, Test Cases and Test
Techniques for each Test Level.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Driver</td>
<td colspan="39">A software module or application used to invoke a test
and, often, provide test data, control and monitor execution, and report
test outcomes. A test driver sequences and controls the automated
execution of one or more tests.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Environment</td>
<td colspan="39">A specific instance of a configuration of hardware and
software established for the purpose of conducting tests under known and
controlled conditions.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Escape</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A fault or defect that escaped detection during test
execution</p></li>
<li><p>A deviation found in the field and recorded in Remedy.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Execution</td>
<td colspan="39">The manual or automated execution of Test Cases for a
specific Test Condition or set of conditions.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Execution Log</td>
<td colspan="39">A chronological record of test execution that includes
the test design, test script id, dated tested, build/patch #, actual
result, and test incident ID.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Idea</td>
<td colspan="39">A brief statement identifying a test that is
potentially useful to conduct. The test idea typically represents an
aspect of a given test: an input, an execution condition or an expected
result, but often only addresses a single aspect of a test. A test idea
differs from a test case, in that the test idea is an incomplete
definition containing no specification of the test workings, only the
essence of the idea behind the test.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Incident</td>
<td colspan="39"><p>A test execution that fails to meet the expected
criteria.</p>
<p>Also referred to as error, bug, deviation, defect, change request or
abnormality.</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Incident Log</td>
<td colspan="39">A repository where test incidents are recorded, tracked
and closed. It may be a document, spreadsheet, or automated tool, such
as, Rational ClearQuest.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9"><span id="TestInput" class="anchor"></span>Test
Input</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A test input is anything that motivates testing for a particular
testing effort, for example, tests can be motivated by risks,
requirements or Change Request.</p></li>
<li><p>Test inputs are built-in or customized data sources used to
provide traceability to test manager projects. Test Manager built-in
test inputs are Requisite Pro, Rational Rose and Microsoft Excel. For
example, A list of requirements detailed in an excel spreadsheet can be
used as a test input and traced to the test case that test the
requirement(s).</p></li>
</ol>
<p>See also: <a href="#TestData">Test Data</a></p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Motivator</td>
<td colspan="39">Something which provides an incentive to undertake
tests, moves testers to action, or impels them to test. Test motivators
help to identify and make visible the things that will motivate testers
to evaluate the appropriate aspects of a given executable software
release: as a generalization, test motivators normally represent
specific quality risks.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Oracle</td>
<td colspan="39">A strategy for knowing whether a test passes or fails.
The test oracle includes both the medium through which the output from
the test can be observed, and the technique for interpreting what that
medium exposes. It provides a means by which observed results can be
evaluated against expected results.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Phase</td>
<td colspan="39">The categories or phases of testing performed. The
phases of testing are: Unit Test, System Test, Integration Test, and
Acceptance Test. The inclusion or exclusion of test phases depends upon
the software acquisition and the test strategy as defined in the Test
Plan. Sometimes called Test Levels or Levels of Testing.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Plan</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A document that describes the scope, approach, resources, and
schedule of the testing activities.</p></li>
<li><p>It identifies the items to be tested, the features to be tested,
the testing tasks to be performed, the personnel responsible for each
task, and the risks associated with the plan (IEEE).</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Procedure</td>
<td colspan="39">Identifies all steps required to operate the system and
exercise the specific test cases in order to implement the associated
test design. Test procedures are separated from test design
specifications as they are intended to be followed step-by-step and
should not have extraneous detail (IEEE).</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Requirement</td>
<td colspan="39">A requirement placed on the test effort that must be
fulfilled the implementation and execution of one or more tests. This
term has been superseded by the term test idea.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Scenario</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The systematic process for completing a business or operational
life cycle. It portrays a series of transactions from beginning to
completion.</p></li>
<li><p>A scenario maps to a specific requirement and may have a
one-to-one, one-to-may, or many-to-many relationship with Test
Cases.</p></li>
<li><p>A testable real-life event that ensures that the system meets
requirements and operates according to its design.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Script</td>
<td colspan="39">A collection of step-by-step instructions that realize
a test, enabling its execution. Test scripts may take the form of either
documented textual instructions that are executed manually or computer
readable instructions that enable automated test execution.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9"><span id="TestStrategy" class="anchor"></span>Test
Strategy</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>A description of the overall approach to testing. The test
strategy specifies test levels, test types, tools that are used for
testing, entrance criteria, completion or user acceptance criteria,
techniques to ensure traceability, and constraints of testing.</p></li>
<li><p>An artifact that defines what test levels and test types are
planned for test execution. The test strategy is incorporated into the
test plan.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Test Suite</td>
<td colspan="39">A set of test cases and/or test scripts that are
related to a particular function or feature of an application.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Test Type</td>
<td colspan="39">Test typing classifies and catalogs particular tests,
i.e., what the test will do to validate the system.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Testability</td>
<td colspan="39">The ability to appropriately test an application or
system. Testability criteria may be employed to determine that an
application or system is testable.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Testable</td>
<td colspan="39">A requirement or set of requirements is considered to
be testable if an objective and feasible test can be designed to
determine whether each requirement has been met</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Testing</td>
<td colspan="39">The process of operating a system or component under
specified conditions, observing or recording the results, and making an
evaluation of some aspect of the system or component (IEEE).</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">TF</td>
<td colspan="39">Task Force</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Third Generation Language (3GL)</td>
<td colspan="39">A procedural programming language that offers a higher
level of abstraction than assembly language. Examples are COBOL,
Fortran, C, C++, and Pascal.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Threat</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>An action or event that might prejudice security.
[ITSEC]</p></li>
<li><p>A possible danger to a computer system. [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
<li><p>The potential for exploitation of a vulnerability. [National
Research Council, 1991]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">TIP</td>
<td colspan="39">Telecommunication Infrastructure Project</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">TIU</td>
<td colspan="39">Text Integration Utility</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Token</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>When used in the context of authentication, a physical device
necessary for user identification. [National Research Council,
1991]</p></li>
<li><p>A physical item used to provide identity. Typically an electronic
device that can be inserted in a door or a computer system to gain
access. [O’Reilly, 1992]</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">TPB</td>
<td colspan="39">Transitional Pharmacy Benefits</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Traceability</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The ability to follow a course or trail through successive stages
of development or progress.</p></li>
<li><p>A quality associated with mapping and tracking artifacts, such
as, requirements, use cases, use case scenarios, models, design, test
cases, and test case matrix.</p></li>
<li><p>The ability to trace a project element to other related project
elements, especially those related to requirements.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Traceability Matrix</td>
<td colspan="39">A matrix that illustrates the relationships between two
types of requirements</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Transition</td>
<td colspan="39">The fourth phase of the Iterative Development Lifecycle
(IDL) focused on the transition of the product to the user
community</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Transition Phase</td>
<td colspan="39"><p>The purpose of the transition phase is to transition
the software product to the user community.</p>
<p>The transition phase focuses on the activities required to place the
software into the hands of the users. This typically requires that some
usable subset of the system has been completed to an acceptable level of
quality and that user documentation is available so that the transition
to the user will provide positive results for all parties. This
includes:</p>
<p>"Beta testing" to validate the new system against user
expectations</p>
<p>Parallel operation with a legacy system that it is replacing</p>
<p>Conversion of operational databases</p>
<p>Training of users and maintainers</p>
<p>Roll-out the product to the marketing, distribution, and sales
teams</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">TRM/SP</td>
<td colspan="39">Technical Reference Model/Standards Profile</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Trustworthy</td>
<td colspan="39">worthy of trust or belief; "a trustworthy report";</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">TS</td>
<td colspan="39">Terminology Services</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">TSPR</td>
<td colspan="39">Technical Services Project Repository</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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<th><a href="#A">A</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#B">B</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#C">C</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Z">Z</a></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="3"></th>
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<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
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<th colspan="2"></th>
<th colspan="2"></th>
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<th colspan="2"></th>
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<th colspan="3"></th>
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<th></th>
</tr>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="48"><span id="U" class="anchor"></span>U</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="9">Term</th>
<th colspan="39">Definition</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">UDDI</td>
<td colspan="39">Universal Discovery and Description Interface</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">UHID</td>
<td colspan="39">Universal Healthcare Identifier</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Unified Medical Language System® (UMLS®)</td>
<td colspan="39">UMLS helps health professionals and researchers
retrieve and integrate electronic biomedical information from a variety
of sources. It can be used to overcome variations in the way similar
concepts are expressed in different sources. This makes it easier for
users to link information from patient record systems, bibliographic
databases, factual databases, expert systems, etc. The UMLS
Metathesaurus contains mappings to MeSH (Medical Subject Headings at the
National Library of Medicine), ICD-9-CM, SNOMED, CPT, and a number of
other coding systems. The UMLS is not itself a standard; it is a
cross-referenced collection of standards and other data and knowledge
sources.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Unified Modeling Language (UML)</td>
<td colspan="39">A general-purpose notational language for specifying
and visualizing complex software, especially large, object-oriented
projects. UML builds on previous notational methods such as Booch, OMT,
and OOSE. UML is a standard produced by the Object Management Group
(OMG).</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Unit Test</td>
<td colspan="39">The first level of dynamic testing performed for a new
/ changed module or object. Unit Test verifies that the requirements
defined in the detail design specification have been successfully
applied to the module or object under test.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Unit Testing</td>
<td colspan="39">The internal technical and functional testing of a
module of code. The developer usually conducts the unit testing.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">URI</td>
<td colspan="39">Uniform Resource Identifier</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">URL</td>
<td colspan="39">Uniform Resource Locator</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">URN</td>
<td colspan="39">Uniform Resource Name</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Usability Testing</td>
<td colspan="39">Usability testing identifies problems in the
ease-of-use and ease-of-learning of a product. Usability tests may focus
upon, and are not limited to: human factors, aesthetics, consistency in
the user interface, online and context-sensitive help, wizards and
agents, user documentation</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Use Case</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>The document generated after the IRA has been approved. It
records a sequence of transactions performed by a user to produce a
measurable result of value.</p></li>
<li><p>A dialog between an actor and the system.</p></li>
<li><p>A specific way of interacting with the system to accomplish a
business-related goal.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">User</td>
<td colspan="39">The organization(s) or persons within those
organization(s) who will operate and/or use the system for its intended
purpose</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">User Acceptance Test (UAT)</td>
<td colspan="39"><p>(Required, Prerequisite: Alpha &amp; Beta
Testing)</p>
<p>User Acceptance Test is a type of Acceptance Test that involves
end-users testing the functionality of the application using test data
in a controlled test environment.</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">User Interface Testing</td>
<td colspan="39">User-interface (UI) testing exercises the user
interfaces to ensure that the interfaces follow accepted standards and
meet requirements. User-interface testing is often referred to as
graphical user interface (GUI) testing. UI testing provides tools and
services for driving the user interface of an application from a
test.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">User Type</td>
<td colspan="39">A group of users who perform similar functions or
related duties. For example, the user type can be doctors, nurses,
social workers, transcriptionists, Information Resources Management
(IRM) support staff, etc.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">User Viewpoint Category</td>
<td colspan="39">Viewpoints of users are categorized by their functional
perspectives. For example, software products must meet the needs of the
end user, Automated Data Processing Application Coordinator (ADPAC),
Information Resources Management (IRM) staff, etc.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">USG</td>
<td colspan="39">United States Government</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">USH</td>
<td colspan="39">Under Secretary for Health</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
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<th colspan="2"><a href="#D">D</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#E">E</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#F">F</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#G">G</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#H">H</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#I">I</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#J">J</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#K">K</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#L">L</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#M">M</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#N">N</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#O">O</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#P">P</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#Q">Q</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#R">R</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#S">S</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#T">T</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#U">U</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#V">V</a></th>
<th colspan="2"><a href="#W">W</a></th>
<th colspan="3"><a href="#X">X</a></th>
<th colspan="2">Y</th>
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<tr class="odd">
<th colspan="9">Term</th>
<th colspan="39">Definition</th>
<th colspan="5"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VA</td>
<td colspan="39">Department of Veterans Affairs</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VACIRC</td>
<td colspan="39">Department of Veterans Affairs Central Incident
Response Capability</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VACO</td>
<td colspan="39">VA Central Office, VA Headquarters</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Validation</td>
<td colspan="39"><ol type="1">
<li><p>Confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence
that the particular requirements for a specific intended use can be
consistently fulfilled.</p></li>
<li><p>Confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that
the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been
fulfilled.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Value Added Process (VAP)</td>
<td colspan="39">Optional products that enhance the performance
capabilities of various systems.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Value-Added Network (VAN)</td>
<td colspan="39">A data network that supplements basic communications
services acquired from a common carrier with additional features that
correct transmission errors and ensure compatibility between dissimilar
computers and terminals.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VAMC</td>
<td colspan="39">Veterans Affairs Medical Center</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VANTS</td>
<td colspan="39">VA National Teleconferencing System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Variance</td>
<td colspan="39">Divergence from plan. For example if the schedule falls
behind it is said to have negative variance. A variance is typically
expressed in explicit terms such as a $200,000 overrun. Variance can
also be expressed as an index, in which case a schedule performance
index of .89 would mean the schedule is 11 percent behind the baseline
plan (schedule)</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Variation</td>
<td colspan="39">The inevitable difference among individual outputs of a
process. The sources of variation can be grouped into two major classes
Common Causes and Special Causes.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VARO</td>
<td colspan="39">VA Regional Office (Part of VBA)</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VASP</td>
<td colspan="39">VA Authentication and Authorization Infrastructure
Program (AAIP) Sentillion Prototype</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VBA</td>
<td colspan="39">Veterans Benefit Administration</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VBECS</td>
<td colspan="39">Blood Bank Modernization</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VDC</td>
<td colspan="39">VISN Data Center</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VDSI</td>
<td colspan="39">VistA Data Systems &amp; Integration</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Vendor</td>
<td colspan="39">A manufacturer or supplier of an item</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Verification</td>
<td colspan="39">The process of determining whether or not the products
of a given phase of the system/software life cycle fulfils the
requirements established during the preceding phase.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Version</td>
<td colspan="39">An identified and documented body of software</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">Veterans Health Information Systems And Technology
Architecture (VistA)</td>
<td colspan="39">A term used to describe the VA’s health care
information system. It encompasses in-house developed applications
developed by VA staff (see Decentralized Hospital Computer Program),
office automation applications, locally developed applications and
commercial-off-the-shelf applications.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VETS</td>
<td colspan="39">VHA Enterprise Terminology Service</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VFA</td>
<td colspan="39">Veterans Financial Assessment</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VHA</td>
<td colspan="39">Veterans Health Administration</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VHA Corporate Database</td>
<td colspan="39">A database that contains aggregated, VHA-wide data. The
data is primarily obtained from operational systems in the field. The
database will normally serve one of the following purposes: operational
data store, transaction processing, data warehouse, or data mart. The
database is normally used to support program management or other
decision making at a national level.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VHA Data Standardization Program</td>
<td colspan="39">The development, adoption, implementation, and
verification of standard terminology within VA software applications to
promote interoperability of patient record data between VA and non-VA
healthcare providers and to ensure that clinical decisions are based on
each patient's entire medical record. Program scope includes standard
clinical and administrative terminologies for both current and future VA
software applications. (Also see data standardization.)</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VHA Health Information Model</td>
<td colspan="39">The VHIM (VHA Health Information Model) is part of an
architectural strategy to ensure semantic interoperability among
HealtheVet components. It is a <a
href="http://www.omg.org/uml">UML</a>-based (<a
href="http://www.omg.org/uml">Unified Modeling Language</a>) model that
depicts information of cross cutting interest within VHA. The VHIM is
directly linked to the <a
href="http://vaww.infoshare.va.gov/Data_Standardization/">VHA Data
Standardization</a> Program in that it classifies and represents data
elements, including their relationships and constraints (e.g., data
types). The VHIM provides a semantic information basis for information
exchange, traceability, and alignment into industry information models
and standards such as the <a
href="http://www.hl7.org/library/standards.cfm">HL7 Reference
Information Model (RIM)</a>. It extends VA information models to meet
VHA specific requirements and provide a shared consistent information
representation and a foundation from which more detailed and
finer-grained models are derived. Development projects use the VHIM to
constrain their content, so that the information they consume and
provide within VHA shares a common understanding, resulting in improved
data consistency and quality.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VHIM</td>
<td colspan="39">VHA Health Information Model</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VIE</td>
<td colspan="39">VistA Interface Engine</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Viewable</td>
<td colspan="39"><p>Viewable data shall be defined as any clinical data
that needs to be viewed or acted on by some entity outside of the
clinical domain or logical departmental boundary where the data was
created, or is any clinical data that needs to be propagated to
facilities other than where the data was created, even if the data is
only viewed within the various instances of the clinical system that
created the data.</p>
<ol type="a">
<li><p>Clinical data that is in a non-volatile state and is required for
the legal medical record shall be persisted to the HDR.</p></li>
<li><p>Clinical data that is going to be viewed by another clinical
system other than the one that generated the data, regardless of the
state of the data, shall be persisted to the HDR.</p></li>
<li><p>Clinical data that needs to be propagated from a local facility
to the other facilities to support operations for different instances of
the same clinical system or remote instances of other clinical systems
shall be persisted to the HDR. I.e. clinical systems with their
operational databases will not have the same local/national broadcast
system that the HDR does, and shall use the HDR to promote data between
different facilities.</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VIP</td>
<td colspan="39">Very Important Person</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Vision Document</td>
<td colspan="39"><p>Collects, analyses, and defines high level needs and
features for a project. Focuses on the capabilities needed by the
stakeholders and why these needs exist.</p>
<p>The Vision artifact is the stakeholder view of the product to be
developed. The document is specified in terms of the end user’s key
needs and features. This Vision artifact is an outline of the envisioned
core requirements. It provides the contractual basis for the more
detailed technical requirements.</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VISN</td>
<td colspan="39">Veterans Integrated Service Network</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Volume Testing</td>
<td colspan="39">A performance test that subjects the system to large
amounts of data to determine if limits are reached that causes the
software to fail. Volume testing also identifies the continuous maximum
load or volume the system can handle for a given period. For example, if
the system is processing a set of database records to generate a report,
a volume test would use a large test database, and would check that the
software behaved normally and produced the correct report.</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VoXML</td>
<td colspan="39">Voice XML</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VPFS</td>
<td colspan="39">Veterans Personal Finance System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VPID</td>
<td colspan="39">Veterans Affairs Person Identifier</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VPN</td>
<td colspan="39">Virtual Private Network</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VPR</td>
<td colspan="39">Virtual Patient Record</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">VSS</td>
<td colspan="39">Voluntary Service System</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="9">VTC</td>
<td colspan="39">Video Teleconferencing</td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="9">Vulnerability</td>
<td colspan="39"><p>A security weakness due to failures in analysis,
design, implementation or operation. [ITSEC]</p>
<p>A system weakness that can be exploited to violate the system's
intended behavior. There may be security, integrity, availability, and
other vulnerabilities. The act of exploiting vulnerability represents a
threat, which has an associated risk of being exploited. [National
Research Council, 1991]</p></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  [A](#A)       [B](#B)      [C](#C)      [D](#D)      [E](#E)                             [F](#F)      [G](#G)      [H](#H)      [I](#I)      [J](#J)      [K](#K)      [L](#L)      [M](#M)      [N](#N)      [O](#O)      [P](#P)      [Q](#Q)      [R](#R)      [S](#S)      [T](#T)      [U](#U)      [V](#V)      [W](#W)      [X](#X)         Y      [Z](#Z)   
  ------------- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- ---------------------- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- -- --- -- --------- --
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  []{#W                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
  .anchor}W                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  Term                                                              Definition                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  W3C                                                               World Wide Web                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                    Consortium                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  WAN                                                               Wide Area Network                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  WAP                                                               Wireless Application                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                    Protocol                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  White Box                                                         A type of testing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
  Testing                                                           based on knowledge of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    the internal logic of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    an application\'s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                    code. These tests                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                    focus upon the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                    coverage of code                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                    statements, branches,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    paths and conditions.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    White Box Testing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                    determines whether the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    implementation of a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                    program is consistent                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    with its design.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  WLES                                                              BEA WebLogic                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                    Enterprise Security                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  WML                                                               Wireless Markup                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                    Language                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  Work                                                              A deliverable-oriented                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
  Breakdown                                                         grouping of project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
  Structure                                                         elements that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  (WBS)                                                             organizes and defines                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    the total scope of the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    project. Each                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                    descending level                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                    represents an                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                    increasingly detailed                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    definition of a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                    project work.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  Work Package                                                      A deliverable at the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                    lowest level of the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                    work breakdown                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                    structure, when that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                    deliverable may be                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                    assigned to another                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                    Project Manager to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                    plan and execute. This                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    may be accomplished                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                    through the use of a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                    subproject where the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                    work package may be                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                    further decomposed                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                    into activities.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  Work Product                                                      Any tangible item that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    results from a project                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    function, activity, or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    task.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  Work Product                                                      A formal examination                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
  Review                                                            of a work product by                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                    an assigned work                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                    product review team.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                    See also 192-115 Work                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    product Review Process                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    SOP.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

  Workflow                                                          The automation of work                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    among users where the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    system is intelligent                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    enough to act based on                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    definition of work                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                    types, users, tasks                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                    and the recognition of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    dynamic processing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                    conditions.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  Workflow                                                          A software application                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
  Management                                                        that controls the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                    order and monitors the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    execution of a series                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    of processes (work                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                    steps) in which people                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    act upon work items                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                    (documents, forms,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                    folders and images).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

  Workstation                                                       Any machine with all                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                    of its installed                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                    storage, processing,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                    and communications                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                    that can be either                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                    standalone or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                    networked.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  Wrapper                                                           An interface used to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                    mask underlying                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                    technology or API's so                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    as to shield external,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    dependent components                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                    from the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                    inner-workings,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                    proprietary, or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                    language-dependent                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                    issues. For instance,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    a wrapper (or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                    wrappering) would be                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                    used to encapsulate a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    proprietary interface,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                    making it appear to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                    external applications                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                    as being compliant                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                    with an accepted                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                    industry standard                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                    interface.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  WS                                                                Web Service                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  WSDL                                                              Web Service                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                    Description Language                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

  WS-I                                                              Web Service                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                    Interoperability                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  WWW                                                               World Wide Web                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  [A](#A)     [B](#B)      [C](#C)      [D](#D)      [E](#E)                                            [F](#F)      [G](#G)      [H](#H)      [I](#I)      [J](#J)      [K](#K)      [L](#L)      [M](#M)      [N](#N)      [O](#O)      [P](#P)      [Q](#Q)      [R](#R)      [S](#S)      [T](#T)      [U](#U)      [V](#V)      [W](#W)      [X](#X)         Y      [Z](#Z)   
  ----------- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- ------------------------------------- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- -- --- -- --------- --
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  []{#X                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
  .anchor}X                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  Term                                                            Definition                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  X.12                                                            Identification number for ANSI                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                  standard committee and the standards                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                  the committee issues                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  X.25                                                            An international standard for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                  connecting computers or terminals to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                  a network that operates by means of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                  packet switching. This standard                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                  defines the interconnection of packet                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                  switching networks and their                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                  associated computers or terminals.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                  These types of networks make                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                  efficient use of the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                  telecommunications networks by taking                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                  the data generated by a computer or a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                  remote terminal and chopping it up                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                  into small identified packets and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                  then looking for the most efficient                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                  way of sending this information to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                  its destination.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  X.400                                                           An electronic mail addressing and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                  address directory control system                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                  established by the IEEE, designed to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                  facilitate electronic mailing between                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                  otherwise independent data networks.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  X.500                                                           A standard for distributed directory                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                  services. The standard encompasses                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                  both the structure of the X.500                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                  database and also the protocol used                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                  in querying the database. X.500 can                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                  be used for different types of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                  directories. Its most notable                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                  implementation is a global White                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                  Pages service containing in excess of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                  a million names contributed to by                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                  X.500 servers in dozens of countries.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                  X.500 provides a hierarchical                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                  database structure (e.g.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                  country/organization/organizational                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                  unit/person). The database consists                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                  of entries (one per object) which may                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                  describe persons, network resources,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                  organizations, etc., each with its                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                  own set of attributes.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  X.509                                                           An ITU-T recommendation that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                  specifies a framework for the use of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                  public key certificates and the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                  authentication service for X.500                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                  directories. The initial version of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                  X.509 was published in 1988, version                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                  2 was published in 1993, and version                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                  3 was proposed in 1994 and considered                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                  for approval in 1995. Version 3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                  addresses some of the security                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                  concerns and limited flexibility that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                  were issues in versions 1 and 2.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                  X.509 also defines a syntax for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                  certificate revocation lists (CRLs).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  X.75                                                            An international standard that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                  provides for interconnections between                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                  data networks of different nations.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

  X/OPEN                                                          An international nonprofit                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                  organization that defines, promotes,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                  and supplies open systems technology.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  X12                                                             The ANSI X12 standards specify the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                  format and data content of electronic                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                  business transactions.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  X3                                                              See National Committee for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                  Information Technology Standards.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  X3L8                                                            A technical committee of X3 (X3 is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                  now referred to as the National                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                  Committee for Information Technology                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                  Standards) responsible for developing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                  standards on data representation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                  X3L8 is now referred to as NCITS L8.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  XACML                                                           eXtensible Access Control Markup                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                  Language                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  XMI                                                             XML Metadata Interchange                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  XML                                                             Extensible Markup Language                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  Xpath                                                           XML Path Language                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  XQL                                                             XML Query Language                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  XrML                                                            Extensible Rights Markup Language                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  XSD                                                             XML Schema                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  XSL                                                             XML Stylesheet Language                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  [A](#A)   [B](#B)      [C](#C)      [D](#D)      [E](#E)      [F](#F)      [G](#G)      [H](#H)      [I](#I)      [J](#J)      [K](#K)      [L](#L)      [M](#M)      [N](#N)      [O](#O)      [P](#P)      [Q](#Q)      [R](#R)      [S](#S)      [T](#T)      [U](#U)      [V](#V)      [W](#W)      [X](#X)         Y      [Z](#Z)   
  --------- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- --------- -- -- --- -- --------- --
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  Y                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  None                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
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  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  []{#Z          
  .anchor}Z      
  -------------- --------------------------------------------------------
  Term           Definition

  ZIFA           Zachman Institute for Framework Advancement
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