g\]kfn

sl/a b\'O{ s/f\]8 \*) nfv hg;+Vof /x\]sf\] g\]kfn /fhgLlts ;+qmd0fsf\]
cj:yfdf 5 . g\]kfn clxn\] cGtl/d /fhgLlts k\|0ffnLcGtu{t 5 M clwsf/ljxLg
;+j}wflgs /fhtGq;lxtsf\] ;+;bLo k\|hftGq . k\|wfgdGqL lul/hfk\|;fb
sf\]O/fnfn\] g\]kfn sDo\'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf\]jfbL_sf ;b:ox¿ ;d\]t ;+nUg
/x\]sf\] ax\'bnLo u7aGwg ;/sf/sf\] g\]t\[Tj ug\'{ePsf\] 5 . tLg ;o @(
;b:oLo cGtl/d ;+;b\\n\] hgj/L !% df zkyu\|x0f u/\]sf\] lyof\] eg\]
;f\]xL lbg cGtl/d ;+ljwfg nfu\" ul/Psf\] lyof\] . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn\]
;+ljwfg;efsf\] lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/fpg\] / ;+ljwfg;efsf\] a}7sn\] g\]kfnnfO{
;+3Lo u0ftGq 3f\]if0ff ug\]{ k\|lta4tf JoQm ug\'{sf ;fy} /fhfsf ;a}
cf}krfl/s clwsf/ vf\];\]/ k\|wfgdGqLnfO{ ;/sf/ k\|d\'v / /fi6«fWoIf
b\'j} agfPsf\] 5 . cGtl/d ;/sf/n\] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg b\'O{ k6s :ylut
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] gf\]e\]Da/df ;ftbnLo u7aGwg /
dfcf\]jfbLaLr ;DkGg zflGt ;Demf}tfn\] Ps bzs nfdf\] ;z:q o\'4sf\] cGTo
u/L g\]kfn k\|x/L / ;z:q k\|x/L annfO{ b\]ze/ sfg\'g tyf zflGt ;\'Joj:yf
sfof{Gjog ug{ lgb\]{zg lbPsf\] lyof\] .

;/sf/L lgsfox¿n\] lj:yflkt ePsf y\'k\|} k\|x/Lrf}sLsf\] k\'g:yf{kgf u/\]
klg dfcf\]jfbL / p;sf\] e\|ft\[ ;+u7g of\]ª sDo\'lg:6 lnu -jfO{;LPn\_
n\] s\]xL k\|x/Lrf}sL k\'g:yf{kgf ug{af6 /f\]s nufpg\'sf ;fy} cGo
rf}sLx¿ klg aGb ug{ bafa lbof\] . ljz\]ifu/L ef/tLo ;Ldf;Fu hf\]l8Psf\]
t/fO{ If\]qdf u7g ul/Psf s}of}F ;z:q ;d\"x ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf, ;/sf/L
clwsf/L, ljleGg hftLo ;d\"xsf ;b:o / dfcf\]jfbLlj?4sf\] cfqmd0fdf nfu\]
. /fhgLlts ;dy{gsf\] cefjsf sf/0f k\|x/L ann\] ljz\]ifu/L dfcf\]jfbL /
jfO{;LPnsf c/fhgLlts ultljlwdfly x:tIf\]k ug\]{ cfF6 ug{ ;s\]g .\
o; jif{sf\] cjlwdf ;\'/Iffansf ;b:ox¿ dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf s\]xL 36gf aGb
ug{ k\|lta4 b\]lvP eg\] dfcf\]jfbL, jfO{;LPn / hftLo j}rfl/stfsf cfwf/df
u7g ul/Psf cGo ;;fgf ;z:q ;d\"xn\] Jofks ¿kdf dfgjclwsf/sf\] pNn+3g u/\]
. ;g\\ @))\^ df ;DkGg a\[xt\\ zflGt ;Demf}tfsf\] efjgfadf\]lhd g\]kfnL
;\]gfsf ;b:ox¿ cfˆg} Aof/\]sx¿df ;Lldt ePsf 5g\\ . Ps :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfn\] l;/fxf / s\~rgk\'/ lhNnfsf ;}lgs hjfgx¿dfly anfTsf/sf\] cf/f\]k
btf{ u/fP . cGo ;\|f\]tx¿n\] pNn+3gsf yk cf/f\]k nufPgg\\ . g\]kfn
k\|x/L / ;z:q k\|x/L ansf ;b:ox¿n\] b\]ze/ ePsf lj/f\]w k\|bz{gsf qmddf
3fts tyf cfjZoseGbf a9L an k\|of\]u u/\] . dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] :j\]R5frf/L /
u}/sfg\'gL ¿kdf 3fts an k\|of\]u ug\'{sf ;fy} oftgf tyf ckx/0fnfO{
xltof/ agfP . jif}{el/ lx+;f, ha/h:tL rGbf ;+sng, b\'Jo{jxf/h:tf 36gfx¿
eP . dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gstf{x?sf nflu b08lxgtf, ;\~rf/dfWoddflysf\]
cfqmd0f, :j\]R5frf/L kqmfp / s\'g} klg cf/f\]kdf aofg ug\]{ df}sf g}
glbO{ y\'gfdf /fVg\] sfo{df uDeL/ ;d:ofsf ¿kdf b\]vf k/\] . ;/sf/n\] klg
Gofo k\|0ffnLsf\] :jtGqtfdf ;Demf}tf u¥of\] eg\] ;dfhn\] czQm tyf slyt
tNnf\] hftsf JolQmdfly e\]befj sfod} /fVof\] . dlxnflj?4sf\] lx+;f /
dfgj a\]rlavg -ljz\]ifu/L dlxnf tyf aflnsf\_ lg/Gt/ /Xof\] .

dfgjclwsf/sf\] ;Ddfg

v08 ! M JolQmsf\] ;Rrl/qtfsf\] ;Ddfgnufot

s= afF+Rg kfpg\] clwsf/sf\] :j\]R5frf/L tyf u}/sfg\'gL x:tIf\]kaf6
:jtGqtf

Ps :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf cgf}krfl/s If\]q ;\]jf s\]Gb\| -OG;\]s\_ sf
cg\';f/, ;\'/Iffkmf}hn\] @\* hgf / dfcf\]jfbL -jfO{;LPn\_ n\] @# hgf
JolQmsf\] xTof u/\]sf lyP . jif}{el/ t/fO{ If\]q lx+;fsf\] s\]Gb\|laGb\'
aGof\] . OG;\]ssf cg\';f/, dw\];L hgclwsf/ kmf\]/dn\] \## hgf, hgtflGqs
t/fO{ d\'lQm df\]rf{ -uf\]Ot ;d\"x\_ n\] !\* hgf, hgtflGqs t/fO{ d\'lQm
df\]rf{ -Hjfnfl;+x ;d\"x\_ n\] @& hgf, dw\];L d\'lQm 6fOu;{n\] b\'O{hgf,
t/fO{ sf\]a\|fn\] b\'O{hgf, t/fO{ afuLn\] Pshgf / c1ft ;d\"xn\] (% hgf
JolQmsf\] xTof u/\] . ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] gf\]e\]Da/df ePsf\] zflGt
;Demf}tfcg\';f/ g\]kfnL ;\]gf Aof/\]sleq} ;Lldt /x\]sf\]n\] o; jif{sf\]
cjlwdf ;\]gflj?4 dfgjclwsf/sf\] s\'g} cf/f\]k nufOPg . o;cl3 nufOPsf
cf/f\]kdfly cg\';Gwfg hf/L /Xof\] / ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] h\'nfO{otf g\]kfnL
;\]gfn\] u\[x dGqfnonfO{ b\'O{ ;o %\* j6f slyt :ki6Ls/0f k7fof\] . o;
36gfn\] cf/f\]ksf\] ljifo :ki6Ls/0fd} clNemPsf\] ;Gb\]z lbPsf\] 5 .

hgj/L / km\]a\|\'c/Ldf t/fO{df k\'g/fj\[lQ ePsf\] lx+;fsf qmddf ;/sf/L
lgsfox¿n\] cS;/ r\]tfjgLlagf bdg u/\]sf lyP . ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo
dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo\'Qmsf\] sfof{no -cf\]Pr;LPrcf/\_ sf cg\';f/, hgj/L !\^
df cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf\] c+z hnfPsf\] cf/f\]kdf clwsf/Lx¿n\] dw\];L
hgclwsf/ kmf\]/dsf cWoIfnufotsf dw\];L k\|bz{gsf/Lx¿sf\] ;d\"xnfO{
lu/ˆtf/ u/\]kl5 lx+;f rs\]{sf\] lyof\] . ;f\] lu/ˆtf/Lsf\] k\|ltlqmofdf
kmf\]/dn\] t/fO{JofkL x8tfnsf\] cfXjfg u/\] . hgj/L !( df l;/fxf
lhNnfsf\] nfxfgdf aGb sfof{Gjog u/fpg lxF8\]sf\] ;d\"xdfly g\]skf
dfcf\]jfbLsf sfo{qmdn\] uf\]nL rnfpFbf Ps k\|bz{gsf/Lsf\] d\[To\' eof\]
. To;kl5 PsfPs k\"jL{ tyf dWo t/fO{df 7\"nf7\"nf k\|bz{gx¿ eP . dw\];L
hgclwsf/ kmf\]/dn\] k6sk6s kqsf/ / dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ wDsL lbP .
cf\]Pr;LPrcf/sf cg\';f/, g\]kfn k\|x/L / ;z:q k\|x/L ann\] a\]nfa\]nfdf
k\|bz{gdfly cgfjZos an k\|of\]u u/\] . hgj/L / km\]a\|\'c/Ldf sDtLdf @\$
hgfsf\] d\[To\' ePsf\] b:tfj\]h cf\]Pr;LPrcf/n\] tof/ kf/\]sf\] 5 .
tLdWo\] sDtLdf !\* hgfsf\] k\|bz{gsf/Ldfly rnfOPsf\] uf\]nL /
nf7Lrfh{af6 d\[To\' ePsf\] lyof\] . lx+;fdf k/L Ps k\|x/L clwsf/Lsf\]
d\[To\' eof\] eg\] cGo y\'k\|} ;\'/IffsdL{ lx+;fsf qmddf 3fOt\] eP .

dfr{ @! df /f}tx6 lhNnfsf\] uf}/df dw\];L hgclwsf/ kmf\]/d / g\]skf
dfcf\]jfbLn\] Pp6} :yfgdf Ps;fy ¥ofnLsf\] cfof\]hgf u/\]kl5 ePsf\]
bf\]xf\]/f\] d\'7e\]8df k/L dfcf\]jfbL;Fu ;DalGwt @\^ hgf / Pshgf
ckl/lrt JolQm dfl/P .

h\'g @ df dw\];L hgclwsf/ kmf\]/dsf sfo{stf{n\] dfcf\]jfbL ;Da4
jfO{;LPnsf b\'O{ ;b:o ljgf\]b kGt / z\]ifdl0f nfld5fg\]sf\] ckx/0fkl5
xTof u/\] . kmf\]/dsf sfo{stf{n\] kGtnfO{ 3/\]n\' xltof/ k\|of\]u u/\]/
/ nfld5fg\]nfO{ em\'G8\\ofP/ df/\] .

;\]K6\]Da/ !\^ df slknj:t\'df c1ft aGb\'swf/Lx¿n\] dfcf\]jfbLlj/f\]wL
sfo{stf{ tyf kl/lrt d\'l:nd wdf{jnDaL df\]Ob vfgsf\] xTof u/\]kl5 ;f\]
If\]qel/ g} lx+;f e8\\lsof\] . 5 lbg;Dd hf/L /x\]sf\] lx+;fsf qmddf
emG8} !\$ JolQmsf\] Hofg uof\] .

;g\\ @))\^ df pd\]zrGb\| yfkf, Clif/fd s\'dfn, eLd;\]g bfxfn, t\'n;L
If\]qL / lji0f\' kf08\]sf\] xTof ePsf\] 36gfsf bf\]ifLdfly sf/afxL ug\]{
k\|lqmof cufl8 a9\]g .

dfr{ @( df df\]/ªsf k\|d\'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln\] ;g\\ @))\^ df ePsf\]
a\]naf/L 36gfdf dfl/Psf JolQmsf kl/jf/nfO{ hgxL tLg nfv ?k}ofF -rf/ xhf/
b\'O{;o aL; cd\]l/sL 8n/\_ sf b/n\] Ifltk\"lt{ ljt/0f u/\] . To:tf\]
/fxt kfpg\]df u\'?ª kl/jf/ klg lyP .

h\'nfO{ \$ df /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof\]u -PgPrcf/;L\_ n\] b\]j\]Gb\|
/fO{ / dl0fxfª /fO{sf\] u}/Goflos xTofdf ;+nUg g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf
l;kfxLdfly sf/afxL ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; u¥of\] . PgPrcf/;Ln\]
kl/jf/sf\] ph\'/L k/\]kl5 kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{ Ifltk\"lt{ lbg klg cfu\|x
u¥of\] . ;\]K6\]Da/ !\* cl3 PgPrcf/;Lsf cfo\'Qmx¿ gePsf sf/0f To:tf\]
l;kmfl/; cufl8 a9\\g ;s\]g / kLl8t kl/jf/n\] Ifltk\"lt{ kfPgg\\ .

jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf klg ;g\\ @))% h\'nfO{df nIdL ofbj, xl/k\|;fb ofbj,
s/L sfk/ / s/L ;fxsf\] lx/f;td} d\[To\' ePsf\] 36gfsf ;DaGwdf 5fglagsf
nflu s\'g} kxn ul/Pg .

o; jif{el/df g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] cfˆgf\] ;+/rgfsf\] ;\'/Iffsf nflu
ljR5\\ofPsf\] af?bL ;\'?ª lj:kmf\]6df k/L kfFrhgf 3fOt\] eP .
dfcf\]jfbLn\] /fv\]sf jf a\]jfl/;\] cj:yfdf 5f8\]sf ODk\|f\]efOH8
PS;Knf\]l;e l8efO;\]; -cfO{O{8L\_ / PS;Knf\]l;e /\]dGofG6\\; ckm jf/
-O{cf/8An\"\_ h:tf lj:kmf\]6s kbfy{ k8\\s\]/ ;j{;fwf/0f dfl/g\] jf
3fOt\] x\'g\] qmd hf/L /Xof\] . jif{sf\] cjlwdf b\'3{6gfjz ePsf af?bL
;\'?ª, cfO{O{8L jf O{cf/8An\" lj:kmf\]6df k/L !# hgf ;j{;fwf/0fsf\] Hofg
uof\] eg\] yk &\^ hgf 3fOt\] eP .

;g\\ @))\^ sf\] zflGt ;Demf}tf / xltof/ tyf ;\]jf Joj:yfkg cg\'udg ug\]{
;DaGwL ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] l8;\]Da/df ePsf\] ;Demf}tfn\] #) lbgleqdf af?bL
;\'?ªsf\] klxrfg ug{ \^) lbgleqdf To;nfO{ k\"0f{ ¿kdf x6fpg ;a} kIfnfO{
cfu\|x u¥of\] . af?bL ;\'?ªsf ;DaGwdf ;+sng ul/Psf tYof+s o\"Pg dfOg
PS;g o\'lg6nfO{ pknAw u/fOof\] . cfO{O{8L / O{cf/8An\"sf\] d\"Nof+sg tyf
;\'/Iff juL{s/0f ;DkGg eof\], t/ jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf klg ;/sf/L
clwsf/Lx¿n\] c;\'/lIft j:t\'nfO{ gi6 u/\]gg\\ .

v= a\]kQf

dfcf\]jfbLn\] ;\~rfng u/\]sf\] !) jif{ nfdf\] ljb\|f\]xsf qmddf a\]kQf
ePsf w\]/}sf\] cj:yf c1ft /Xof\] . PgPrcf/;Lsf\] cg\'dfgcg\';f/, o;
jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf a\]kQfsf 5 ;o \$\^ j6f 36gfx? cem} ;\'lNemPsf\]
lyPgg\\ . o;}u/L OG;\]sn\] g;\'lNemPsf o:tf 36gf cf7 ;o @\* j6f /x\]sf\]
atfPsf\] lyof\] eg\] g\]kfnsf\] ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] Ps xhf/ @\$ j6fsf\]
;\"rL tof/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] . o; jif{ ;/sf/n\] a\]kQf u/fpg\] sfo{df
;+nUg Pp6} ;/sf/L clwsf/L jf dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ sf/afxL u/\]g . h\'g dlxgfdf
;/sf/n\] To; cjlwdf a\]kQf ePsf dflg;sf ;DaGwdf cg\';Gwfg ug{ tLgj6f
cfof\]u agfPsf\] eP klg cfof\]usf\] sfd jif{sf\] cGTo;Dd klg ;\'? ul/Psf
lyPg .

o; jif{ ;/sf/n\] ;g\\ @))\^ df PgPrcf/;Ln\] klxrfg u/\]sf 5 ;o \$\^
hgfsf\] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs u/\]g . PgPrcf/;Lsf\] k\|ltj\]bgcg\';f/, ;g\\
@))) b\]lv @))\^ ;Dd a\]kQf ePsf b\'O{ xhf/ #@ hgf JolQmnfO{ a\]kQf
kfg\]{ sfddf ;/sf/ lhDd\]jf/ 5 . ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] cGTo;Dddf ;/sf/n\]
cGosf\] l:yltsf af/\]df tYo ;fj{hlgs u/\] klg 5 ;o \$\^ hgfsf af/\]df
s\]xL atfOPsf\] lyPg .

g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] e}/jgfy u0fn\] dfcf\]jfbL ePsf\] cf/f\]kdf kqmfp u/L
sf7df8f}+sf\] dxf/fhuGh Aof/\]sdf y\'gfdf /flvPsf \$( hgf JolQmsf\]
cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ug\'{kg\]{ dfu /fvL ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] d\]df
cf\]Pr;LPrcf/n\] tof/ kf/\]sf\] k\|ltj\]bgsf ljifodf ;/sf/ df}g a:of\] .
;/sf/n\] o;af/\]df cfkm\" cgle1 /x\]sf\] bfaL u/\]sf\] lyof\] . e}/jgfy
u0fsf ;b:on\] eg\] ;g\\ @))# sf\] ;\]K6\]Da/b\]lv l8;\]Da/;Dddf Ps ;o #&
hgfnfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf\] :jLsf/ u/\] . u0fsf clwsf/Lx¿n\] 5f\]6f\] ;dosf
nflu y\'gfdf /flvPkl5 pgLx¿nfO{ l/xf ul/Psf\] jf cGoq :yfgfGt/0f
ul/Psf\] bfaL u/\]sf lyP .

g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] pRr:t/Lo cg\';Gwfg sfo{bnn\] a\]kQf kfl/PsfdWo\] !@
hgfsf\] cj:yfsf ;DaGwdf u\[x dGqfnonfO{ ;\"rgf lbof\] . ;/sf/L
lgsfox¿n\] a\]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmnfO{ hnfP/ pgLx¿sf\] v/fgL sf7df8f}+sf\]
pQ/df kg\]{ lzjk\'/L 8fF8fFdf ufl8Psf\] eGg\] cf/f\]ksf ;DaGwdf
cg\';Gwfg hf/L /fv\] .

gf\]e\]Da/ @\* df cGtl/d ;+;b\\n\] ckx/0f ug\]{ jf aGws agfpg\];DaGwL
Pp6f sfg\'g cg\'df\]bg u¥of\] . of\] sfg\'gn\] klxnf\] k6s ckx/0f ug\]{
jf aGws agfpg\] sfo{df ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ kmf}hbf/L ;hfo lbg ;lsg\] :ki6
Joj:yf u/\]sf\] 5 . o;cl3 o:tf 36gfdf ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ b\]jofgL
d\'2fcGtu{t ;fdfGo ;hfo lbg\] ul/Psf\] lyof\] . o; sfg\'gn\] xTof,
cfqmd0f, anfTsf/, a\]rlavg, oftgf, bf; agfpg\], ha/h:tL \>ddf nfb\\g\]
jf j\]Zofj\[lQdf ;+nUg u/fpg\] lgotn\] s;}nfO{ sAhfdf lnOP jf ckx/0f
ul/Psf o:tf sfo{df ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ ;ftb\]lv !% jif{ s}b ;hfo / %)
xhf/b\]lv b\'O{ nfv ¿k}ofF -cf7;o b\]lv tLgxhf/ b\'O{;o cd\]l/sL 8n/\_
;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;lsg\] Joj:yf u/\]sf\] 5 . o;afx\]s JolQmnfO{ ckx/0f
ug\]{ jf aGws agfpg\] cGo 36gfdf ;+nUgnfO{ rf/b\]lv cf7 jif{ s}b ;hfo /
@% xhf/b\]lv Ps nfv ¿k}ofF -rf/;o b\]lv Psxhf/ 5;o cd\]l/sL 8n/\_ ;Dd
hl/afg u/fpg ;lsg\]5 . afnaflnsf jf dlxnfnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg\] s\'g} klg
sfo{df xft /x\]sf\] k\|dfl0ft eP To:tf JolQmnfO{ yk b\'O{ jif{ h\]n ;hfo
lbg ;lsg\]5 . o:tf ck/fwdf ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ w/f}6Ldf l/xf x\'g;Sg\]
sfg\'gL k\|fjwfg 5}g .

u= oftgf tyf cGo lg7\"/, cdfgjLo, jf xf\]Rofpg\] sfo{ jf ;hfo

sfg\'gn\] oftgf, s\'6lk6 / 3fOt\] agfpg\] h:tf sfo{dfly lgif\]w u/\]sf\]
eP klg ;\'/Iffkmf}hsf ;b:ox¿ z+sf:kb JolQmnfO{ ck/fw :jLsfg{ afWo u/fpg
o:tf lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg /x\] . sfg\'gn\] oftgfsf kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk\"lt{
lbOg\] Joj:yf ldnfPsf\] 5 . Ps :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf oftgfkLl8t s\]Gb\|
tyf k}/jL d\~r g\]kfn -PPkm\_ n\] cfFvfdf k6\\6L afFWg\] / k}tfnfdf
lk6\\g\] sfo{ ;fdfGo ljlw ePsf\] hgfPsf\] 5 . lx/f;tdf ul/g\] o:tf
b\'Jo{jxf/df Knfl:6ssf 8G8Ln\] lk6\\g\], kfgLdf 8\'afpg\], of}g oftgf,
xnrn ug{ glbOg\] / nfdf\] ;do;Dd a\]xf\]; t\'NofOg\] cflb 5g\\ .
aGbLx¿nfO{ xft afFw\]/ /ftlbg Pp6f kftnf\] u\'Gb\|Ldf 3f\]K6f\] k/\]/
;\'Tg nufOg\] / ;femf rkL{ k\|of\]u ug{ afWo u/fOPsf 5g\\ . aGbLx¿nfO{
of}g b\'Jo{jxf/, anfTsf/, xTof jf clglZrtsfnLg y\'gfsf\] wDsL klg lbOg\]
ul/Psf\] 5 . ;g\\ @))\^ otf PPkmn\] cGtjf{tf{ lnPsf tLg xhf/ gf} ;o
cf7hgf aGbLn\] @\* k\|ltztn\] cfkm\"nfO{ oftgf lbOg\] bfaL u/\]sf lyP .

l;/fxf lhNnfdf g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf l;kfxLx¿n\] o; jif{sf\] cjlwdf Ps
aflnsfnfO{ anfTsf/ u/sf\] cf/f\]k nfUof\]\] . Pkmsf cg\';f/, cS6f\]a/
@\$ df ;\]gfsf hjfgx¿n\] 5 sIffdf cWoog/t ljBfyL{nfO{ hfqf x\]/\]/ 3/
kms{+b} ubf{ nfxfgl:yt /0fl;+x ;}lgs Aof/\]sdf nu\] . kLl8t aflnsfn\]
;}lgs hjfgx¿n\] cfkm\"nfO{ /ftel/ /fv\]/ Aof/\]sdf /x\]sf emG8} !\^
hgfnfO{ anfTsf/ u/\]sf\] / o; 36gfsf af/\]df c¿nfO{ atfP Hofg dfg\]{
wDsL lbPsf\] cf/f\]k nufOg\\ . pgn\] ;}lgs hjfg, k\|x/L / cGo JolQmn\]
cfkm\"nfO{ xf\]6\]ndf nu\]/ km\]l/ anfTsf/ u/\]sf\] cf/f\]k nufOg\\ .
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ tyf dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] 36gfsf ;DaGwdf ph\'/L gug{ wDsL lbP
klg kLl8t aflnsfn\] To;f\] ul/gg\\ . jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf PgPrcf/;L jf cGo
s\'g} u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfn\] o;;DaGwL cf/f\]k jf o; af/\]df cg\';Gwfg
hf/L /x\]sf\] k\'li6 u/\]gg\\ .

k\|x/L hjfgx¿ anfTsf/sf\] Pp6f 36gfdf ;+nUg /x\]sf\] eGg\] kfOof\] eg\]
pgLx¿n\] jif}{el/ s;}nfO{ klg u}/sfg\'gL y\'gfdf /fv\]gg\\ . PPkmsf
cg\';f/, h\'g \$ df tLghgf k\|x/L hjfg / k\|x/L xanbf/ hgs dxtf/fsf
elthf /x\]sf Pshgf ;j{;fwf/0f;lxtsf\] Ps ;d\"xn\] s\~rgk\'/ lhNnfdf
dfgl;s ;Gt\'ng u\'dfPsL !\$ jifL{of Ps aflnsfnfO{ anfTsf/ u/\]sf\]
cf/f\]k nfUof\] . kLl8t aflnsfsf\] kl/jf/n\] jif{sf\] cGTodf lhNnf
k\|x/L sfof{no;dIf ph\'/L lbof\] . o;;DaGwL cg\';Gwfg aLr}df cnkq k¥of\]
.

o\'Pg cf\]Pr;LPrcf/n\] g\]kfnL ;\]gflj?4 oftgf jf dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf
cf/f\]k nfu\]sf Pp6f klg 36gf k\|:t\'t u/\]g . PPkmsf cg\';f/, ;g\\
@))\^ sf\] clk\|ndf ePsf\] hgcfGbf\]ngotf dfcf\]jfbLx¿ \^& j6f otgfsf
36gf, Pp6f anfTsf/, (\^ j6f ckx/0fdf ;+nUg /x\]sf\] kfOof\] . ;/sf/n\]
;\'/Iffkmf}h jf dfcf\]jfbL -jfO{;LPn\_ sf cdfgjLo 36gfsf ;DaGwdf :jtGq
5fglag ug{ ;s\]g / clwsf+z 36gfdf bf\]ifLdfly ;Gtf\]ifhgs ¿kdf
cg\'zf;gsf\] sf/afxL u/\]g . abnfsf\] sf/afxL x\'g\] eon\] gful/sx¿
k\|x/Llj?4 ph\'/L btf{ ug{ 8/fP .

hgj/L @! Dff ;/sf/L lgsfon\] sfnLsf\]6 lhNnfsf :yfgLo afl;Gbf
k\'/bLk\|;fb kf08\]nfO{ xTofdf ;+nUg /x\]sf\] cf/f\]df t\];\|f\] k6s
kqmfp u¥of\] . pgn\] To;cl3 ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] l8;\]Da/df kqmfp kbf{
cfkm\"nfO{ lx/f;tdf oftgf lbPsf\] s\'/f ;fj{hlgs ub}{ lxF8\]sf\]
cf/f\]kdf k\|x/Ln\] pgnfO{ km\]l/ kqmfp u/\]sf\] lyof\] . kqmfp k/\]sf\]
;dodf k\|x/Ln\] kf08\]nfO{ afF;sf\] nf7Ln\] lk6\]sf lyP . PPkmsf\]
;xof\]udf kf08\]n\] oftgf Ifltk\"lt{ P\]gcGtu{t sfnLsf\]6 lhNnf
cbfnt;dIf bfaL ph\'/L u/\] . cbfntn\] k\|x/LnfO{ xflh/ x\'g cfb\]z
lbPkl5 ;xfos k\|x/L lg/LIfs / k\|x/L pk/LIfsn\] kf08\]nfO{ dfl/lbg\]
wDsL lbP . rf/hgf dfcf\]jfbL sfo{stf{n\] klg ph\'/L lkmtf{ gu/\]
kf08\]nfO{ dfl/lbg\] wDsL lbP . ;f\] ph\'/L pgn\] km\]a\|\'c/L @\* df
btf{ u/fPsf lyP . jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf ;/sf/L lgsfox¿n\] o; ljifodf
;DaGwdf s\'g} sf/afxL cl3 a9fPgg\\ .

:yfgLo afnaflnsfn\] a;df 9\'+uf xfg\]sf\] lgx\'Fdf h\'g !( df Pshgf a;
rfnsn\] !% jifL{o Ps ljBfyL{ ;/f\]hs\'df/ rf}w/LnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnP .
rf}w/L ;f\] 36gfsf Ps k\|ToIfbzL{ dfq} eP klg a;rfnsn\] pgnfO{ lgoGq0fdf
lnO{ ;Kt/L lhNnfl:yt /f0fl;+xbn u\'Nd ¿kgL ;+o\'Qm ;\'/Iff cfwf/ lzlj/df
nu\] . lzlj/df ;fbf kf\];fssf rf/hgf ;\'/Iff clwsf/Ln\] rf}w/Ldfly
d\'Ssf / nf7L jiff{pg\'sf ;fy} uf\]nL xfg\]/ dfl/lbg\] wDsL lbP .
OG;\]ssf cg\';f/, rf}w/LnfO{ s\]xL lbgkl5 d\'Qm ul/Psf\] lyof\] .
jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf klg ;/sf/n\] 36gfsf bf\]ifLdfly sf/afxL ug{ s\'g} kxn
u/\]g .

PgPrcf/;Ln\] xTof, a\]kQf / oftgfsf #% hgf kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk\"lt{ lbnfpg
l;kmfl/; u/\] klg jif{sf\] cGTo;Dd hDdf b\'O{hgf kLl8tn\] dfq}
Ifltk\"lt{ kfPsf\] hfgsf/L cfkm\"nfO{ k\|fKt ePsf\] atfof\] . ;\]K6\]Da/
!\* cl3;Dd cfo\'Qmx¿ pknAw gePsfn\] PgPrcf/;Ln\] u/\]sf w\]/}h;f\]
l;kmfl/; sfof{Gjog ePgg\\ . ;\]K6\]Da/ ( ;Dddf PPkmn\] oftgfkLl8tsf
tkm{af6 oftgf Ifltk\"lt{ P\]gcGtu{t %) j6f ph\'/L btf{ u/fof\] .
clwsf/Ln\] kof{Kt ;a\'t gePsf\] eGb} gf}j6f ph\'/L c:jLsf/ ul/lbP . Pp6f
36gfdf cbfntn\] ;/sf/L cvf8faflx/ cfof\]lht zflGtk\"0f{ k\|bz{gdf ;xefuL
ePsf\] cf/f\]kdf k\|x/Låf/f oftgf lbOPsf Ps sfg\'g Joj;foL s0f{axfb\'/
yfkfnfO{ Ifltk\"lt{ lbnfof\] . clk\|n @ sf\] km};nfn\] oftgf Ifltk\"lt{
P\]gcGtu{tsf\] oftgf;DaGwL ;Lldt clwsf/If\]qnfO{ km/flsnf\] kfl/lbof\]
lsgeg\] yfkfnfO{ ;/sf/L cv8fleq y\'gfdf g/flvP klg cbfntn\] pgnfO{
Ifltk\"lt{ lbnfof\] .

g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] z+sf:kb b\'O{ dfcf\]jfbL jL/\]Gb\| yfkf / jlsn zfxL;lxt
5hgfnfO{ kqmfpkl5 b\'Jo{jxf/ u/L xTof u/\]\]sf\];DaGwL ;g\\ @))\^ sf\]
clk\|nsf\] 36gfsf ;DaGwdf s\'g} k\|ult ePg . OG;\]ssf cg\';f/, g\]kfnL
;\]gfn\] yfkfnfO{ sDd/, 5ftL / 9f8df tyf zfxLnfO{ 5ftL / d\'vdf uf\]nL
xfg\]/ dfg\'{cl3 pgLx¿nfO{ s\'6lk6 u/\]sf\] lyof\] . g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\]
s\]zj l;+x / /fd\]afs rf}w/LnfO{ pgLx¿s} 3/af6 lgoGq0fdf lnO{ k5fl8af6
xft afFw\]/ b\'Jo{jxf/ u¥of\] . ;f\]xL lbg g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] z+sf:kb
b\'O{ dfcf\]jfbL ljj\]s / /fh\]Gb\|nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ b\'Jo{jxf/ u¥of\]
. OG;\]ssf cg\';f/, g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] /fh\]Gb\|nfO{ d\] !) df / To;sf\]
s\]xL ;dokl5 ljj\]snfO{ d\'Qm u¥of\] .

g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf l;kfxLx¿n\] ;g\\ @))% sf\] ;\'g;/Ldf u/\]sf\]
anfTsf/sf\] 36gfdfly PgPrcf/;Ln\] x:tIf\]k u/\]kl5 jif{sf\] cGTo;Dd klg
;\'g;/L lhNnf cbfntdf d\'2f km:of}{6 ePg . jif{sf\] cGTo;Dd g\]kfnL
;\]gfsf tLghgf cf/f\]kL l;kfxL h\]nd} /x\] .

;g\\ @))% df ePsf\] lzj af\]x/f;F=u;DalGwt 36gfsf ;DaGwdf s\'g} k\|ult
ePg .

sf/fuf/ / aGbLu\[xsf\] cj:yf

sf/fuf/x¿sf\] cj:yf Hofb} gfh\'s 5g\\ / ltgLx¿ cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08sf
5}gg\\ . sf/fuf/ ljefusf dxflgb\]{zssf cg\';f/ jif{sf\] cGTo;Dd
sf/fuf/x¿df 5 xhf/ gf} ;o %@ hgf aGbL lyP . afnck/fwLnfO{ /fVg\]
aGbLu\[xsf\] cefjsf sf/0f pgLx¿nfO{ jo:s aGbL;F+u} jf afnaflnsfnfO{
pgLx¿s} cleefjs;F+u /flvg\'kg\]{ cj:yf cfof\] .

;/sf/n\] cS;/ PgPrcf/;L / cf\]Pr;LPrcf/nfO{ c3f\]lift ¿kdf sf/fuf/ tyf
;\]gf / k\|x/Lsf\] lx/f;tdf /flvPsf\] aGbL;Dd hfg kx\'F+r lbof\] .
PgPrcf/;Ln\] Ifltk\"lt{sf\] Joj:yfnufot s\'g} klg sfdsf/afxLsf nflu
;/sf/nfO{ cg\'/f\]w ug{;Sg\] clwsf/ eP klg ;/sf/n\] a\]nfa\]nfdf
PgPrcf/;LnfO{ x:tIf\]k ug{;Sg\] p;sf\] clwsf/af6 jl\~rt u/fof\] .

3= :j\]R5frf/L kqmfp jf lgoGq0f

sfg\'gn\] :j\]R5frf/L kqmfp jf lgoGq0fdfly k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] 5 t/ o;
jif{sf\] cjlwdf :j\]R5frf/L kqmfpsf 36gf eP .

k\|x/L / ;\'/Iff ;+oGqsf\] e\"ldsf

;g\\ @))\^ sf\] gf\]e\]Da/df ;DkGg zflGt ;Demf}tfn\] g\]kfn k\|x/L /
;z:q k\|x/LnfO{ sfg\'g tyf zflGt ;\'Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfXjfg u¥of\] .
;/sf/L lgsfox¿n\] w\]/} lj:yflkt k\|x/Lrf}sLx¿ k\'gM:yfkgf u/\] klg
dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] s\]xL rf}sL aGb ug{ bafa lbP . ljz\]ifu/L dfcf\]jfbL
;+nUg /x\]sf w\]/} lx+;fTds 36gfsf qmddf k\|x/L k/ x6\\of\] . k\|x/Lsf\]
egfOcg\';f/ zflGt k\|lqmof vt/fdf k\'Ug;Sg\] sf/0f bzf{pF+b} ;/sf/n\]
k\|x/LnfO{ dfcf\]jfbLdfly x:tIf\]k gug{ cfb\]z lbof\] . o; jif{sf\]
cjlwdf k\|x/Ln\] dfcf\]jfbL tyf jfO{;LPnsf sfo{stf{nfO{ cj}w sfo{df
;+nUg /x\]sf\] cf/f\]kdf kqmfp u/\]sf w\]/} 36gf eP klg /fhgLlts
g\]tfx¿sf\] x:tIf\]k jf u\[x dGqfnocGtu{tsf g\]t\[Tj txaf6 tTsfn d\'Qm
ul/P .

dfgjclwsf/sf\] ;Da4{gsf nflu tyf b\'¿kof\]usf 36gfsf\] cg\';Gwfg ug{
k\|x/L / g\]kfnL ;\]gf b\'j}sf\] dfgjclwsf/ ;\]n 5 t/ e\|i6frf/ /
b08xLgtf k\|d\'v ;d:of ag\] . cS;/ u/L k\|x/L lgMz:q /x\] eg\] pgLx¿nfO{
u}/cft+sjfb;DaGwL cfk/flws ultljlw x\'g glbg / To;sf\] cg\';Gwfg ug\]{
lhDd\]jf/L lbOof\] .

o; jif{sf\] cjlwdf g\]kfnL ;\]gflj?4 s\'g} ph\'/L k/\]gg\\ t/ p;n\]
To;cl3 g} btf{ ePsf ph\'/Lsf\] cg\';Gwfg ug\'{sf ;fy} :ki6Ls/0f hf/L
u¥of\] . ;\]K6\]Da/sf\] cGTo;Dddf g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] PgPrcf/;L,
cf\]Pr;LPrcf/, cGt/f{li6«o /\]8qm; ;ldlt -cfO{;Lcf/;L\_ / cGo ;+:yfåf/f
nufOPsf s\'n tLg xhf/ cf7;o #& cf/f\]ksf ;DaGwdf tLg xhf/ %\$ j6fsf\]
dfq :kli6s/0f k7fof\] .

k\|x/Lleq e\|i6frf/ / b08xLgtf k\|d\'v ;d:ofsf ¿kdf b\]vf k/\] . ;/sf/L
lgsfox¿n\] s\]xL k\|x/L clwsf/LnfO{ dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf cf/f\]kdf avf{:t
u/\] klg dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yfx¿n\] tL clws\[tnfO{ kbf\]Gglt u/\]sf\]
jf u\[x dGqfnosf ;Nnfxsf/sf ¿kdf k\'gM sfd nufPsf\] atfP .
dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yfsf cg\';f/ k\|x/Lleq b08xLgtfsf\] ;+:s\[lt sfod}
/Xof\] . lhNnf:t/df cS;/ k\|x/Ln\] cfkm\"eGbf jl/i7 clwsf/Lx¿sf\]
lgb\]{zg kfngf gu/L sfg\'g sfof{Gjogsf\] If\]qdf dgk/L sfd u/\] .
cl3Nnf\] jif{df h:t} k\|x/L b\'Jo{jxf/ / 3\';vf\]/Lsf w\]/} 36gf
;fj{hlgs eP .

kqmfp / lgoGq0f

sfg\'gn\] z+sf:kb ;\'/Iff tyf nfu\"cf}ifw pNn+3gsf 36gfafx\]sdf s;}nfO{
kqmfp ug\'{ k/\]df clwsf/Lx¿n\] kqmfpsf nflu k\'hL{ k\|fKt ug\'{kg\]{,
z+sf:kb JolQmnfO{ @\$ 306fleq cf/f\]k nufpg\'kg\]{ jf d\'Qm ul/g\'kg\]{
/ Ps ;ftfleq cbfntdf cf/f\]k btf{ ul/g\'kg\]{ :ki6 Joj:yf u/\] klg
;\'/Iffkmf}hn\] lgoldt ¿kdf o:tf\] sfg\'gsf\] pNn+3g u/\] .

olb cbfntn\] z+sf:kb JolQmdflysf\] lgoGq0fnfO{ ;b/ u¥of\] eg\] sfg\'gn\]
cg\';Gwfg ;DkGg ug{sf nflu To:tf\] JolQmnfO{ @% lbgsf nflu lx/f;tdf /fVg
cfb\]z lbg\'sf ;fy} cfjZos k/\]df yk ;ft lbg Dofb a9fpg cfb\]z lbg ;S5 .
t/ ;\'/Iffkmf}hn\] a\]nfa\]nfdf aGbLx¿nfO{ sfg\'gn\] u/\]sf\] Joj:yfeGbf
a9L ;do;Dd lgoGq0fdf lnP . s\]xL 36gfdf ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] cbfntdf pkl:yt
gu/fO{sg @\$ 306feGbf a9L lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf aGbLx¿nfO{ d\'Qm ug{ cfb\]z
lbof\] . z/0ffyL{x¿nufot s\]xL ljb\]zLx¿n\] w/f}6Ldf l/xf x\'g d\'l:sn
k/\]sf\] u\'gf;f\] u/\] .

aGbLx¿nfO{ cfˆgf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿;F+u e\]6 ug{ kfpg\] Goflos clwsf/ 5 /
clwsf/Lx¿n\] cf/f\]k btf{ u/\]kl5 pgLx¿nfO{ jlsnx¿sf\] kx\'F+r lbOG5 .
Jojxf/df k\|x/Ln\] sf/fuf/sf cfwf/df km/skm/s cj:yfdf dfq} aGbLx¿nfO{
o:tf\] kx\'F+r lbP . w/f}6Lsf\] Joj:yf 5 t/ ltg\'{kg\]{ /sd clwsf+z
gful/ssf nflu Hofb} dxFuf\] eof\] . cbfntL aofg u/fOg\'cl3 z+sf:kb
JolQmx¿nfO{ cS;/ sfg\'gn\] u/\]sf\] eGbf a9L ;do;Dd aGbL agfOof\] /
To;kl5 cbfntL sf/afxL / cf/f\]k k\|dfl0ftkl5 h\]n;hfo ;\'gfOof\] . ;g\\
@))\^ sf\] clk\|notf PPkmn\] cGtjf{tf{ lnPsf tLg xhf/ gf} ;o cf7
aGbLdWo\] hDdf kfFr k\|ltztn\] dfq} kqmfpsf\] ;\"rgf k\|fKt u/\] / hDdf
!# k\|ltztnfO{ dfq} pgLx¿n\] k\|x/LnfO{ a\'emfPsf\] jQmJo jfrg ug\]{
cg\'dlt k\|fKt u/\] .

;fj{hlgs ;\'/Iff P\]gadf\]lhd ;\'/Iffkmf}hn\] 3/\]n\' ;\'/Iff / cdgr}g,
cGo d\'n\'sx¿;F+usf\] cfTdLo ;DaGw jf ljleGg ju{ tyf wd{sf
gful/sx¿aLrsf\] e\|ft\[Tjdfly vnn k\'¥ofpg\] sfo{df ;+nUg /x\]sf\]
cfz+sf ul/Psf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ug{ ;Sg\]5 . ;/sf/n\] ck/fwdf ;+nUg
JolQmnfO{ s\'g} k\|sf/sf\] cleof\]u gnufO{sg g} a9Ldf 5 dlxgf;Dd
:yfgxbdf /fVg ;S5 . u\[x dGqfnonfO{ lnlvt ;\"rgf lbP/ :yfgxbsf\] Dofb
a9fpg ;lsg\]5 . To;sf\] @\$ 306fleq ;\'/Iffkmf}hn\] lhNnf cbfntnfO{
To;af/\] cjut u/fpg\'k5{ . cbfntn\] ;/sf/åf/f cflwsfl/s ¿kdf cleof\]u
btf{ u/fpg\'cl3 yk 5 dlxgf lgoGq0fdf lng cfb\]z lbg ;Sg\]5 .

;fj{hlgs ck/fw P\]gnufot cGo sfg\'gx¿n\] cf/f\]k gnfO{sg lgoGq0fdf lng
cg\'dlt lbPsf\] 5 . of\] P\]g / o;sf cGo ;+zf\]wgx¿n\] zflGtdf vnn
k\'¥ofpg\], tf\]8kmf\]8 ug\]{, x\'nb+uf ug\]{ / le8Gt ug\]{ cflb
sfo{nfO{ ck/fwsf\] ;\"rLdf /fv\]sf\] 5 . dfgjclwsf/ cg\'udgstf{x¿n\] o;
P\]gn\] k\|d\'v lhNnf clwsf/L -k\|lhc\_ nfO{ :j}lR5s clwsf/ k\|bfg
u/\]sf\] eGb} o;k\|lt lrGtf k\|s6 u/\] . ;fj{hlgs hLjgdf czflGt
km}nfpg\], x\'nb+uf ug\]{ / tf\]8kmf\]8df ;+nUg /xg\] w\]/} gful/snfO{
k\|x/Ln\] kqmfp u/L cf/f\]k gnufO{sg 5f\]6f\] lgoGq0fdf lnP .

PPkmsf cg\';f/ u\'kr\'k /fv\]/ JolQmnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lng\] sfo{ b\]zel/ g}
;d:ofsf ¿kdf /Xof\] .

# cfddfkmL 

# clk\|n @% df k\|hftGq lbj; ;df/f\]xsf cj;/df dlGqkl/ifb\\n\] (\* hgf aGbLsf\] afFsL h\]n hLjg s6f}tL u/L pgLx¿nfO{ l/xf u¥of\] . 

# 

# ª= lgikIf ;fj{hlgs aofgaf6 jl\~rt 

# sfg\'gn\] :jtGq Goflos k\|lqmofsf\] clwsf/ ;\'lglZrt u/\]sf\] 5, t/ cbfntx¿ /fhgLlts bafa, 3\';vf\]/L / x:tIf\]ksf nflu ;+j\]bgzLn /x\] . 

# ;jf\]{Rr cbfnt;F+u ;+;b\\n\] kfl/t u/\]sf\] sfg\'gsf\] ;+j}wflgstfsf\] k\'g/fjnf\]sg ug{;Sg\] clwsf/ 5 . k\'g/fj\]bg / lhNnf cbfntx¿ pT;fxjw{s ¿kdf :jtGq /x\] klg pgLx¿ a\]nfa\]nfdf /fhgLlts bafak\|lt hf\]lvdo\'Qm /x\] . 

# Gofok\|0ffnLdf tLgj6f tx 5g\\ M lhNnf cbfnt, k\'g/fj\]bg cbfnt / ;jf\]{Rr cbfnt . k\|wfgdGqLsf\] cWoIftfdf /x\]sf\] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\\n\] ;jf\]{Rr cbfntsf k\|wfgGofofwLzsf\] dgf\]gog u5{ . ;+;bLo ljz\]if ;\'g\'jfO ;ldltdf ;dLIff ;\'g\'jfO ePkl5 ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\\n\] gofF k\|wfgGofofwLzsf\] lgo\'Qm ug{ ;Sg\]5 . ;dLIff ;\'g\'jfOkl5 k\|wfgGofofwLzn\] Gofo kl/ifb\\sf\] l;kmfl/;df ;jf\]{Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLzx¿sf\] lgo\'lQm ug\]{5g\\ . GofofwLzx¿nfO{ sfdsf\] afF+8kmfF+6 ug\]{, cg\'zf;gsf\] sf/afxL ug\]{ / cGo k\|zf;lgs sfo{sf ;DaGwdf klg kl/ifb\\ lhDd\]jf/ x\'G5 . ljz\]if cbfntn\] nfu\"cf}ifw t:s/L, dfgj t:s/L ljz\]ifu/L dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf, /fHolj?4sf ck/fw, e\|i6frf/ / ljb\]zL d\'b\|f;DaGwL ck/fwx¿sf\] d\'2fdf ;\'g\'jfO u5{ . 

# Gofo k\|zf;gdf x\'g\] l9nf;\':tL uDeL/ ;d:of ag\] . l8;\]Da/ !\* ;Dddf ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] !# xhf/ rf/ ;o \*(, k\'g/fj\]bg cbfntn\] ;ft xhf/ cf7 ;o tLg / lhNnf cbfntn\] #) xhf/ cf7 ;o !( j6f d\'2f km};nf x\'g afF+sL /x\]sf\] atfP . jif{sf\] cjlwdf To;} y\'lk\|P/ /x\]sf d\'2fsf\] km};nfdf k\|ult ePsf\] eGg\] s\'g} hfgsf/L 5}g . 

# 

# aofg k\|lqmof 

sfg\'gn\] k/fdz{ ug{ kfpg\], ;dfg /Iff, bf\]xf\]/f\] xflgaf6 ;\'/Iff,
lg:t\]h eO;s\]sf\] P\]g k\'gM nfu\" u/fpg\] k\|lqmofaf6 ;\'/Iff /
;fj{hlgs aofg kfpg\] clwsf/ lbnfPsf\] 5 t/ oL clwsf/x¿ s\]xL ;\'/Iff /
/Lltl/jfhsf 36gfdf afx\]s ;dfg ¿kdf nfu\" ePgg\\ . GofofwLzx¿n\]
d\'2fsf\] km};nf u/\], ToxfF+ h\'/L k\|0ffnL lyPgg\\ . ;kmfO lbg\]nufot
tNnf\] cbfntsf ;a} km};nfpk/ k\'g/fj\]bg lbg ;lsg\]5 . ;jf\]{Rr cbfnt g}
cbfntsf\] clGtd laGb\' xf\] .

sfg\'gn\] aGbLx¿nfO{ Goflos k\|ltlglwTj / cbfntåf/f lgo\'Qm Ps jlsn, Ps
;/sf/L jlsn jf lghL jlsn /fVg kfpg\] clwsf/ lbPsf\] 5 t/ ;/sf/n\]
cg\'/f\]wsf cfwf/df dfq} sfg\'gL k/fdz{ k\|bfg u¥of\] . kl/0ffd:j¿k,
clwsf/sf af/\]df cgle1 /x\]sf JolQmx¿n\] Goflos k\|ltlglwTjaf6 jl\~rt
x\'g;Sg\] ;Defjgf x\'G5 .

;}lgs cbfntx¿n\] ;}lgs ;+lxtfadf\]lhd ;}lgs clwsf/Lx¿;F+u ;DalGwt
d\'2fx¿ x\]g\]{ u5{g\\ h;n\] ;}lgs clwsf/LnfO{ cfdgful/s;/x g} cfwf/e\"t
clwsf/sf\] k\|Tofe\"lt lbG5 . gful/s ;+nUg xTof jf anfTsf/afx\]ssf
36gfdf ;}lgs clwsf/Lx¿sf\] d\'2f gful/s cbfntdf x\]g\]{ ul/Fb}g . ;}lgs
cbfntx¿n\] gful/sx¿nfO{ ;}lgs ;\]jf;Fu ;DalGwt ck/fw g} eP klg ck/fwsf\]
cleof\]udf d\'2f bfo/ u/L sf/afxL rnfpg ;Sb}gg\\, o:tf d\'2fx¿ gful/s
cbfntdf x\]l/G5g\\ .

;/sf/L lgsfox¿n\] b\]zb\|f\]x P\]gcGtu{t cft+sjfb jf b\]zb\|f\]x
ug\]{dfly cleof\]u nufpg ;S5g\\ . ljz\]if ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfadf\]lhd u7g
ul/Psf cbfntx¿n\] aGb ;qdf ;\'g\'jfO u5{g\\ t/ ;g\\ !((! otf To:tf
;\'g\'jfO ePsf 5}gg\\ .

k\|x/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k\|ltj\]bgcg\';f/ dfcf\]jfbLn\] hgj/L !\* df
;dfgfGt/ ;/sf/sf ;+/rgf / cbfntx¿ e+u ul/Psf\] 3f\]if0ff u/\] klg
pgLx¿n\] s\]xL lhNnfx¿df ljz\]ifu/L u\|fdL0f If\]qx¿df To:tf sfo{ hf/L
/fv\] . dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] klxnf To:tf sfo{ ;\~rfng gu/\]sf s\]xL If\]qx¿df
klg pgLx¿n\] a\]nfa\]nfdf k\"j{ lg0f{o tyf ;hfox¿ sfof{Gjog ug\]{
ck\]Iff u/\] . oL cbfntx¿df Goflos k\|lqmof nfu\" ul/Pgg\\ / kmf}hbf/L
tyf b\]jofgL b\'j} k\|sf/sf d\'2f x\]l/P . cf\]Pr;LPrcf/sf cg\';f/
hgcbftnx¿n\] Goflos k\|lqmof / lgikIf ;\'g\'jfOsf nflu Go\"gtd
k\|Tofe\"lt;d\]t lbPgg\\ .

cf:yfsf aGbL / s}bLx¿

jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf Pp6} klg cf:yfsf aGbL / s}bLx¿ lyPgg\\ .

gful/s Goflos k\|lqmof / sfg\'gL pkrf/

jif{sf\] cjlwdf ;/sf/n\] Goflos k\|lqmofx¿sf\] pNn+3g u/\]sf\] s\'g}
ljjt/0f k\|fKt ePgg\\ .

;DklQ lkmtf{

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] o;cl3 sAhf u/\]sf s\]xL ;DklQ lkmtf{ u/\] t/ pgLx¿n\]
cj}w ¿kdf sAhf u/\]sf clwsf+z e\"ld / ;DklQ pgLx¿s} lgoGq0fdf /fv\],
pgLx¿n\] yk ;DklQ klg sAhf u/\] .

r= uf\]kgLotf, kl/jf/, 3/ jf kqfrf/dfly :j\]R5frf/L x:tIf\]k

;\'/Iffkmf}hnfO{ lagfk\'hL{ 3/leq k\|j\]z ug\]{ / vfgtnf;L lng\] clwsf/
lbOof\] . cj}w lqmofsnfk eP klg jfO{;LPnn\] k6sk6s gful/sx¿sf 3/ /
;DklQsf\] hah{:tL vfgtnf;L lnP . OG;\]ssf cg\';f/ ;\]K6\]Da/ @ df tLgj6f
ad lj:kmf\]6 ePkl5 g\]kfn k\|x/Ln\] cj}w ¿kdf emG8} !@ hgf JolQmdfly
vfgtnf;L u/L pgLx¿nfO{ kqmfp u/\] . cg\';Gwfgkl5 cf7hgfnfO{ l/xf ul/of\]
eg\] jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf afF+sL rf/hgfnfO{ xTofsf\] cleof\]udf lx/f;t;d}
/flvof\] .

;\'/IffsdL{n\] cS;/ d\'n\'ssf w\]/} If\]qdf ;8s ca/f\]w v8f u/L
JolQmsf\] z/L/ / ;jf/L;fwgsf\] vfgtnf;L lnP . ;/sf/n\] gful/sx¿nfO{
hah{:tL k\'gaf{; u/fPsf\] s\'g} ljj/0f 5}g . dfcf\]jfbL rGbf, etL{ jf
abnfsf\] cfqmd0fsf\] eon\] k\'gaf{;sf nflu cGoq knfog ePsf s\]xL JolQm
3/ kms{g ;s\]gg\\ .

5= cfGtl/s åGådf cTolws an k\|of\]u / cGo b\'Jo{jxf/x¿

t/fO{df cfGtl/s åGå JofKt /Xof\] . ljz\]ifu/L hftLotfdf cfwfl/t s}of}+
;z:q ;d\"xaLr tyf ;z:q ;d\"xx¿ / cGo :yfgLo hgtf;Fu le8Gtx¿ eP .
k\|x/LnfO{ ;Lldt clwsf/ lbOof\] / b\]zel/ sfg\'g tyf ;\'Joj:yf sfod
/fVg\] sfddf pgLx¿nfO{ k\|f\]T;fxg ul/Pg . dfcf\]jfbL tyf jfO{;LPn
sfo{stf{ / cGo ljeflht ;d\"xx¿n\] jif}{el/ t/fO{df af/Daf/ lx+;f,
hah{:tL rGbf ;+sng / cfqmd0f u/\] .

xTof

OG;\]ssf cg\';f/ l8;\]Da/ !) otf dfcf\]jfbL / cGo ;z:q ;d\"xsf
sfo{stf{x¿n\] b\'O{ ;o @( b\]lv b\'O{ ;o #\$ hgf ;j{;fwf/0f gful/ssf\]
xTof u/\] . cf\]Pr;LPrcf/n\] jif{el/ Ps ;o #) hgfeGbf a9Lsf\] xTof
ul/Psf ljj/0fx¿ k\|fKt u¥of\] . cS6f\]a/ \* df hgtflGqs t/fO{ d\'lQm
df\]rf{ -uf\]Ot ;d\"x\_ sf sfo{stf{x¿n\] v\'6fjf k;f}{gL ufpF+ ljsf;
;ldltsf ;lrj /fdafa\' zdf{ Gof}kfg\]sf\] xTof u/\] . uf\]Ot ;d\"xsf af/f
lhNnf ;+of\]hs lj/f6n\] pQm xTofsf\] lhDd\]jf/L lnP .

# Affn ;}lgs 

;g\\ @))\^ sf\] gf\]e\]Da/df ;DkGg zflGt ;Demf}tfn\] b\'j} kIfsf ;\]gfdf
!\* jif{d\'lgsf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;\]gfdf etL{ ug{ lgif\]w u¥of\] t/
dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] pQm ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ul/;s\]kl5 klg 7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf
afnaflnsfnfO{ etL{ ug\]{ sfo{ hf/L /fVof\] . jif{sf\] cGTodf g\]kfnl:yt
;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ld;g -cgldg\_ SofG6f\]gd\]G6df /x\]sf hgd\'lQm
;\]gfsf n8fs\"x¿sf\] k\|df0fLs/0f ug\]{ / !\* jif{d\'lgsf n8fs\"nfO{
cof\]Uo agfpg\] k\|lqmofdf lyof\] . l8;\]Da/ @@ df cgldgn\] bf\];\|f\]
r/0fsf\] k\|df0fLs/0f k\"/f u¥of\] . l8;\]Da/ @& df hf/L cgldgsf\]
k\|\]; jQmJosf cg\';f/ ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] d\]df b\'O{ xhf/ gf} ;o &# hgf
n8fs\" !\* jif{d\'lgsf /x\]sf\] kfOof\] / cf7 xhf/ 5 ;o \$) hgf
bf\];\|f\] r/0fsf\] k\|df0fLs/0fdf pkl:yt ePgg\\ .

åGå;F+u ;DalGwt cGo b\'Jo{jxf/x¿

s\]xL If\]qdf dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] ljBfnox¿ wfld{s kj{df lbOg\] labflagfsf\]
kfqf\]cg\';f/ rNg\'kg\]{ dfu u/\] . dfcf\]jfbL rGbf / bafasf sf/0f s\]xL
lhNnfx¿df lghL ljBfnox¿, cgfyfnox¿ / cGo ;+:yfgx¿ aGb u/fpg jf tflnsf
kl/jt{g ug{ afWo ag\] .

jfO{;LPnaf6 x\'g\] u/\]sf b\'Jo{jxf/sf 36gfx¿ jif{sf\] cjlwdf t\'ngfTds
¿kdf 36\] . cf\]Pr;LPrcf/sf cg\';f/ jfO{;LPnn\] o;cl3 g\]kfn sDo\'lg:6
kf6L{ -dfcf\]jfbL_sf sfo{stfx¿s} z}nLdf HofbtL u/\] . To:tf 36gfx¿df
ckx/0f / b\'Jo{jxf/, zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s oftgf / /fhgLlts ultljlw
layf\]Ng\]nufot /x\] . ev{/} k\'gM:yflkt ul/Psf k\|x/L rf}sLx¿dfly wDsL
lbg\], y\'k\|} ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ / ;DklQdfly wfjf af\]Ng\] sfdx¿ Klg eP .
cf\]Pr;LPrcf/n\] Jofkfl/s k\|ltlglwx¿af6 jfO{;LPnsf gfddf k\|ltdlxgf @)
xhf/ ¿k}ofF+b\]lv rf/ nfv ¿k}ofF+ -b\'O{;o \*! b\]lv kfF+rxhf/ 5;o @&
cd\]l/sL 8n/\_ ;Dd rGbf lnOPsf eGg\] ljj/0fx¿ klg k\|fKt u¥of\] .
rGbfkLl8t Jofkf/Lx¿n\] cfqmd0fsf\] vt/f x\'g;Sg\] sf/0f bzf{pF+b} o:tf
36gfx¿nfO{ gp7fpg cf\]Pr;LPrcf/nfO{ a\]nfa\]nfdf cfu\|x u/\] .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] Jofkf/L, sfdbf/, cfdgful/s / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿af6 lgoldt
¿kdf rGbf p7fP . JolQm jf sDkgLx¿n\] rGbf lbg c:jLsf/ ubf{ jf To;sf nflu
cfkm\" c;dy{ /x\]sf\] atfpF+bf dfcf\]jfbLx¿ cS;/ lx+;fTds ag\] jf
lx+;fTds r\]tfjgLsf\] ;xf/f lnP .

sDkgLx¿df dfcf\]jfbLåf/f k\|\]l/t x8tfn / sfd aGbh:tf 36gf lx+;fs} /
cfqmd0fs} cfwf/df nfb\\g\] sfd ul/P / w\]/} ljQLo If\]qx¿df sfdbf/x¿
rsf\]{ df/df k/\] .

cu:6 ( df dfcf\]jfbL sfo{stf{sf\] g\]t\[Tjdf /x\]sf\] Ps ;d\"xn\]
g\'jfsf\]6 lhNnfl:yt Ps k\|x/Lrf}sLdf cfqmd0f u/L rf}sLdf /x\]sf tLghgf
k\|x/L clws\[tsf\] ;fydf /x\]sf b\'O{ yfg aGb\'s / emG8} Ps ;o /fpG8
uf\]nL n\'6\]/ nu\] .

gf\]e\]Da/ ! df jfO{;LPnsf sfo{stf{x¿n\] nlntk\'/ lhNnfl:yt :yfgLo ljsf;
dGqfno kl/;/af6 b\'O{hgfnfO{ hah{:tL lgoGq0fdf lnO{ s\'6lk6 u/\] .

gf\]e\]Da/ !\* df jfO{;LPnsf ;b:ox¿n\] lj/f6gu/l:yt gf\]a\]n d\]l8sn
sn\]hsf Ps 8fS6/ / lgb\]{zs;lxt 5hgfnfO{ sf7df8f}+af6 ckx/0f u/L sfe\|\]
lhNnfsf\] sfdL8fF+8fglhs} Ps c1ft :yndf nuL !\$ 306f;Dd oftgf lbP .

l8;\]Da/ % df dfcf\]jfbL sfo{stf{x¿n\] cfkm\"n\] dfu u/\]sf\] rGbf
glbPsf\] eGb} sf:sL lhNnfsf\] la/\]7fF+6Ldf Pshgf ljb\]zL ko{6snfO{
lk6\] .

v08 @= gful/s :jtGqtfsf\] ;Ddfg, nufotM

s= jfs tyf k\|\]; :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] jfs tyf k\|\]; :jtGqtf k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5 .

bnx¿;F+usf\] k/fdz{kl5 lgjf{rg cfof\]un\] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf nflu bnx¿
tyf ;\~rf/dfWodsf\] r\'gfj cfrf/;+lxtfdfly ;xdlt hgfof\] . pQm ;+lxtf
;\]K6\]Da/ !\* b\]lv nfu\" ul/P klg cS6f\]a/ % df lgwf{l/t r\'gfj :ylut
ePkl5 ;/sf/n\] To;nfO{ lgnDag u¥of\] .

gf\]e\]Da/ !\^ df ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n\] /fhwfgLl:yt d\'Vo ;/sf/L cv8f
l;+xb/af/sf\] blIf0fL 9f\]sfcufl8 wgf{ sfo{qmd ul//x\]sf #( hgf
kqsf/nfO{ ;+lIft lgoGq0fdf lnP . tL kqsf/x¿n\] kqsf/ jL/\]Gb\| zfxsf\]
xTofdf ;+nUg dfcf\]jfbL sfo{stf{x¿dfly sf/afxL ug{ ;/sf/ r\'s\]sf\] eGb}
To;sf\] lj/f\]w ul//x\]sf lyP .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] cfkm\";F+u cfa4 o\'lgognfO{ ;+nUg u/fO{ \>dnfO{ lgx\'F+
agfP/ / r\]tfjgL lbP/ :jtGq k\|\];dfly aGb\]h nufP . h\'nfO{ @) df
zflnu\|fd hd/s6\\6\]nsf\] g\]t\[Tjdf /x\]sf\] dfcf\]jfbL 6«\]8 o\'lgog
dxf;+3n\] r\]tfjgL lbg\'sf ;fy} k\|\]; / b lxdfnog 6fOD; / cGgk\"0f{
kf\]i6 klqsf ljt/0f sd{rf/Ldfly cfqmd0f u¥of\] . klqsfsf\] k\|sfzg aGb
u/fpg g;s\]kl5 pgLx¿n\] 5fkfvfgf sfof{nonfO{ 5f8\]/ uf8Lx¿ sAhf u/L
klqsf ljt/0fdf /f\]s nufP . s\]xL lbg;Ddsf\] a9\\bf\] hgbafa /
c;Gt\'li6kl5 dfcf\]jfbL o\'lgogn\] To:tf ultljlw aGb ug{ afWo eof\] .

:jtGq ;\~rf/dfWod ;lqmo /x\] / ljleGg k\|sf/sf ljrf/x¿ cleJoQm u/\] .
ljleGg /fhgLlts cf:yfsf\] k\|ltlglwTj u/\]sf :yfgLo efiff tyf c+u\|\]hL
efifdf k\|sflzt ;of}+ :jtGq klqsfx¿ ;xh ¿kdf k\|sfzg eP . sflGtk\'/ / b
sf7df08\' kf\]:6n\] :jtGq ;dfrf/ ;Dk\|\]if0f u/\] . ;/sf/åf/f lgolGqt
g\]kfnL b}lgs uf\]/vfkq, c+u\|\]hL b}lgs b /fOlhª g\]kfnn\] ;/sf/L
gLltsf\] phfu/ u/\] . clk\|n ! df Ps dfcf\]jfbL g\]tf ;\"rgf tyf
;\~rf/dGqLdf lgo\'Qm ePkl5 tL b\'O{ klqsfdf dfcf\]jfbL ljrf/ klg cfP .
dfcf\]jfbLåf/f k\|sflzt klqsf hgfb\]z dfcf\]jfbLsf\] k\|rf/ ug\]{
k\|f\]kf\]u08fsf\] dfWodsf ¿kdf /Xof\] .

h\'nfO{ @\^ df /fhgLlts cf:yfsf ¿kdf clwsf/Lx¿n\] ;/sf/lgolGqt uf\]/vfkq
;+:yfgsf nflu sfo{/t \$( hgf kqsf/nfO{ cjsfz lbP . cu:6 ( df
cfkm\"x¿sf\] k\'ga{xfnLsf\] dfu /fvL wgf{ lbO/x\]sf kqsf/x¿dfly
jfO{;LPnn\] cfqmd0f u¥of\] .

jif{sf\] cjlwdf ljb\]zL k\|sfzgx¿ ;j{;\'ne ¿kdf k\|fKt eP / s\'g}
k\|sfzgdfly klg k\|ltaGw jf ;\]G;/l;k nufOPg . ljb\]zL 5fkf dfWodsf nflu
sfo{/t jf ;dfrf/ ;+sng ul//x\]sf kqsf/x¿nfO{ d\'n\'sdf :jtGqk\"j{s sfd
ug{ lbOof\] .

k\|zf/0f P\]gn\] lghL 6\]lnlehg / PkmPd /\]l8of\] k\|;f/0f ug{ cg\'dlt
lbPsf\] 5 . ;/sf/sf\] :jfldTjdf b\'O{j6f 6\]lnlehg :6\];g g\]kfn 6LeL /
g\]kfn 6LeL d\]6«f\] tyf ;6{j\]e PPd / PkmPd ;+s\]tdf k\|;fl/t Pp6f
/\]l8of\] :6\];g /x\]sf lyP . d\'n\'sdf \^) j6feGbf a9L :jtGq /\]l8of\]
:6\];g lyP eg\] tL /\]l8of\]x¿ () k\|ltzteGbf a9L hg;+Vofsf\] kx\'F+r
lyof\] . /\]l8of\] jx\';+Vos hgtfsf\] ;\"rgfsf\] k\|fylds ;\|f\]tsf ¿kdf
/x\]sf\] lyof\] .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] cfkm\";F+u ;Da4 o\'lgogsf dfWodaf6 x:tIf\]t / x8tfn
u/\]/ cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf\] lj?4df nfUg\'sf ;fy} 5fkf tyf k\|;f/0f
dfWoddfly aGb\]h nufpg\] k\|of; u/\] . dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] PkmPd /\]l8of\]
:6\];gx¿nfO{ dfcf\]jfbLsf kIfdf af\]Ng r\]tfjgL lbP . dfcf\]jfbLx¿
:jo+n\] lglZrt 7\]ufgfdf /flvPsf jf 3\'DtL PkmPd /\]l8of\] :6\];g
;\~rfng u/L cfˆgf\] kIfdf PstkmL{ k\|rf/afhL u/\] . dfcf\]jfbL /\]l8of\]
:6\];gx¿n\] Jofks ¿kdf k\|;f/0f u/\] .

cu:6sf\] klxnf\] ;ftfdf dfcf\]jfbL;Da4 sfdbf/x¿n\] /\]l8of\] PraL;Lsf\]
Joj:yfkgnfO{ tnaj\[l4 / :yfoLsf\] dfu /fvL dfukq a\'emfO{ sfof{nodf
tfnfaGbL u/\] . To;sf\] k\|ltlqmofdf PdPkm Joj:yfkgn\] k\|;f/0f aGb
u¥of\] . Joj:yfkg ;Nnfxsf/ jL/\]Gb\| bfxfnn\] k\|\]; :jtGqtfsf\] kIfdf
hf/L /fv\]sf\] cfd/0f cgzg tf\]8\]sf\] b\'O{ lbgkl5 cu:6 @( df pgn\]
;Dk\"0f{ kqsf/ tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ avf{:t ul/Psf\] Ps ;\"rgf k\|sflzt u/\] .
;f\] sbdsf\] ;j{q cfnf\]rgf eof\] / sd{rf/Lx¿n\] lj/f\]w k\|bz{g u/\] .
;\]K6\]Da/df Joj:yfkgn\] sd{rf/Lx¿sf k\|d\'v dfu :jLsf/ u¥of\] /
/\]l8of\] k\|;f/0f k\'gM ;\'rf? eof\] .

;\]K6\]Da/ @\^ df dfcf\]jfbLlgs6 clvn g\]kfn ;\~rf/, 5fkfvfgf tyf
k\|sfzg 6«\]8 o\'lgogn\] sflGtk\'/ klAns\];G;sf\] ahf/ zfvfsf\] sfd
/f\]s\]sf\] lyof\] . kl/0ffd:j¿k ;\]K6\]Da/ @& df sflGtk\'/ / sf7df08\'
kf\]:6 lagflj1fkg k\|sflzt ePsf lyP .

g\]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf cg\';f/ hgj/Lb\]lv gf\]e\]Da/ #) ;Dddf
dfcf\]jfbLn\] Ps kqsf/sf\] xTof / csf\]{sf\] ckx/0f u/\]sf\] lyof\] eg\]
k\|x/Ln\] #( hgf kqsf/nfO{ kqmfp u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

h\'nfO{ % df dfcf\]jfbLsf\] Ps ;d\"xdfly kqsf/ k\|sfzl;+x 7s\'/LnfO{
s\~rgk\'/af6 ckx/0f u/\]sf\] cf/f\]k nfUof\] . k\|sfzsL kTgL hfgsL
7s\'/Lsf\] cg\'/f\]wdf OG6/g\];gn OlG:6Ro\'6 km/ Xo\'dg /fO6\\;,
OGef/f\]Gd\]G6 PG8 8\]enf\]kd\]G6 -OGx\'/\]8\_, OG;\]s, OlG:6Ro\'6 ckm
Xo\'dg /fO6\\; sDo\'lgs\];g g\]kfn -Olxl/sf\]g\_ / Pkmsf k\|ltlglw ;+nUg
dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx¿sf\] Pp6f ;d\"xn\] 36gfsf\] cWoog u¥of\] . pQm
;d\"xsf\] k\|ltj\]bgsf cg\';f/ ckx/0fdf dfcf\]jfbL g} lhDd\]jf/ /x\]sf\]
kfOof\] . h\'nfO{ \* df k\|x/Ln\] ckx/0fdf ;+nUg ePsf\] cf/f\]kdf :ofgL
dfcf\]jfbL g\]tf kf\]dnfn zdf{nfO{ kqmfp u¥of\] . p;n\] k\|x/LnfO{
cfkm\"n\] s\]xL jfO{;LPnsf sfo{stf{nfO{ 7s\'/Lsf\] 3/ dfq b\]vfOlbPsf\]
eg\]kl5 p;nfO{ l/xf ul/of\] . jfO{;LPnn\] cfˆgf\] ;+nUgtf c:jLsf/ u¥of\]
.

cS6f\]a/ \# df c1ft ;d\"xn\] bf\]wf/faf6 kKk\' u\'?ªnfO{ ckx/0f u¥of\] .
cS6f\]a/ % df dfcf\]jfbLn\] af/f lhNnfaf6 k\|\]; rf}tf/L g\]kfnsf
s\]Gb\|Lo ;b:o tyf sf7df8f}+df /x\]sf\] g\]kfn PkmPdsf ;+jfbbftf
jL/\]Gb\| zfxsf\] ckx/0f u¥of\] . cGt/f{li6«o kqsf/ dxf;+3n\] kqsf/
zfxnfO{ a\]kQf agfPsf\]df eT;{gf u¥of\] . gf\]e\]Da/ \* df zfxsf\] nf;
a/fdb eof\] / dfcf\]jfbLn\] xTofsf\] lhDd\]jf/L lnof\] . af/fdf ePsf\]
pQm 36gfsf\] cWoog ug{ cGtl/d ;/sf/n\] pld{nf cof{nsf\] ;+of\]hsTjdf
Pp6f ;+;bLo ;ldlt u7g u¥of\] . pQm ;ldltn\] cfqmd0fdf :yfgLo dfcf\]jfbL
sfo{stf{x¿ ;+nUg /x\]sf\] lgSof\]{n u¥of\] . jif{sf\] cGTodf ;/sf/n\] tL
36gfx¿sf\] 5fglagsf nflu yk cGo s\'g} k\|of; u/\]g .

cGo ;fgf juL{otfdf cfwfl/t ;d\"xsf ;b:ox¿n\] jif{le/ g} kqsf/sf lj?4df
c;+Vo lx+;fTds 36gf u/fP . pbfx/0fsf nflu hgj/L @\* df dw\];L hgclwsf/
kmf\]/dsf sfo{stf{n\] kmf\]6f\] kqsf/ /fd ;/f{km, jL/uGh kf\]:6sf w\|\'j
zfx / e\'jg emf;lxt w\]/} :yfgLo kqsf/dfly s\'6lk6 u/\] . dw\];L
hgclwsf/ kmf\]/dsf sfo{stf{n\] sf/afxLsf\] ;\"rLdf k/\]sf\] kqsf/x¿sf\]
gfd 3f\]if0ff u/\]kl5 w\]/} kqsf/n\] jL/uGh 5f\]8\] . wDsL kfpg\]
kqsf/x¿df gf/fo0fL 6\'8\]sf Zofd aGhf/f, gf/fo0fL PkmPdsf uf\]ljGb
b\]jsf\]6f / g\]kfn 6\]lnlehgsf uf\]kfn b\]jsf\]6fnufo lyP . lj/f\]w:j¿k
kqsf/x¿n\] c:yfoL ¿kdf cfˆgf b}lgs klqsfx¿sf\] k\|sfzg aGb u/\]sf lyP .

hgj/L #) df Og?jfdf dw\];L hgclwsf/ kmf\]/dsf sfo{stf{n\] kmf\]/dsf\]
hf/L ultljlwsf\] Pp6f ;dfrf/ k\|sflzt gu/\]sf\] eGb} sflGtk\'/sf
;+jfbbftf j\]b/fh kf}8\]ndfly Hofg lng\] wDsL lbP . wDsLsf sf/0f
kf}8\]nn\] ;\'/Iff rf;f\] hgfpFb} sfd ug{ 5f\]8\\g\'eof\] .

km\]a\|\'c/L \$ df gjnk/f;Ldf dw\];L hgclwsf/ kmf\]/dsf sfo{stf{n\]
sf7df08\' kf\]:6sf ;+jfbbftf / c¿ b\'O{ kqsf/nfO{ wDsL lbP . pgLx¿n\]
clwsf/L, kqsf/ dxf;+3sf xl/ zdf{ / g\]kfn k\|\]; o\'lgogsf cWoIf 6Lsf/fd
u}/\]nfO{ kmf\]/dsf\] cfGbf\]ng cleofgsf\] ;dfrf/ k\|yd k\[i7df k\|sflzt
ug{ geP k\|ltsf/sf\] ;fdgf ug{ tof/ x\'g cfb\]z lbP . pQm wDsLkl5 g\]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;+3sf\] Pp6f ;d\"xn\] k\|d\'v lhNnf clwsf/L;Fu e\]6 u/L
kqsf/sf\] ;\'/Iffsf\] dfu u¥of\] .

d\] !\* df /f}tx6df hgtflGqs t/fO{ d\'lQm df\]rf{ -Hjfnf_sf Ps ;}Go
sdfG8/n\] sf7df08\' kf\]:6sf ;+jfbbftf lzj k\'/L / cGo kqsf/ ;\~ho
sfsL{, czf\]s kxf/L, kml0f dxt, /Tg clwsf/L / ljkLg uf}tdnfO{ slyt ¿kdf
hgtflGqs t/fO{ d\'lQm df\]rf{sf JolQmlj?4 ;dfrf/ n\]v\]sf\] slyt cf/f\]k
nufpFb} Hofg lng\] wDsL lbP . hgtflGqs t/fO{ d\'lQm df\]rf{ -Hjfnf\_
;}Go sdfG8/ k\|e\'n\] k\'/LnfO{ kmf\]g u/\]/ hgtflGqs t/fO{ d\'lQm
df\]rf{ -Hjfnf\_ sf sdfG8/ vx\]? b\]jfglj?4 /\]l8of\] jL/uGh PkmPddf
;dfrf/ k\|;f/0f u/\]sf\] slyt cf/f\]k nufpFb} Hofg lng\] wDsL lbP .

h\'g !\^ df O6x/Ldf dw\];L hgclwsf/ kmf\]/dsf sfo{stf{n\] kmf\]/d;DalGwt
;dfrf/ k\|sflzt gu/\]sf\] slyt cf/f\]k nufpFb} g\]kfn ;dfrf/kqsf ;ft
xhf/ kfF+r ;o k\|tL / hgljb\|f\]xsf b\'O{ xhf/ kfF+r ;o k\|tL hnfP .

OG6/g\]6 :jtGqtf

ToxfF+ OG6/g\]6 ;fO6x¿ cj?4 u/\]sf\] jf cg\'udg u/\]sf\] eGg\] hfgsf/Ldf
cfPg .

k\|fl1s :jtGqtf / ;f+:s\[lts sfo{qmdx¿

ToxfF+ k\|fl1s :jtGqtf jf ;f+:s\[lts sfo{qmddf ;/sf/L k\|ltaGw nufOPsf\]
lyPg .

dfcf\]jfbL ;d\"xx¿n\] k\|fl1s :jtGqtfdfly k\|ltaGw nufP . pgLx¿n\] lghL
ljBfno / lzIfsx¿af6 hah{:tL rGbf p7fPsf lyP / ljBfnosf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ b08
lbPsf lyP .

a\[xt\\ zflGt ;Demf}tfsf afah\'b klg g\]kfnsf ;\~rf/dfWodx¿n\]
dfcf\]jfbLn\] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfaflx/ u/\]sf ckx/0f, hah{:tL rGbf ;+sng /
cft+lst agfpg\] sfo{x¿sf\] ljj/0f nuftf/ ¿kdf k\|;f/0f u/\]sf lyP . oBlk
o:tf 36gfdf ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] t\'ngfdf s\]xL sdL cfPsf\] lyof\] .

v\_ zflGtk\"0f{ ;ef ;Dd\]ng / ;+u7gsf\] :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] zflGtk\"0f{ ;ef ;Dd\]ng / ;+u7gsf\] :jtGqtf k\|bfg u/\] klg
cGtl/d ;/sf/n\] slxn\]sfxLF ;ef ;Dd\]ngsf\] :jtGqtfdf k\|ltaGw nufPsf\]
lyof\] . ;/sf/L lgsfox¿n\] cu:6 dlxgfdf afbL sfo{stf{x¿nfO{
l;+xb/af/aflx/ af; / hflu/ dfUb} zflGtk\"0f{ k\|bz{g u/\]kl5 kqmfp
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

;ef ;Dd\]ngsf\] :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] ;ef ;Dd\]ngsf\] :jtGqtf k\|bfg u5{ / o;sf\] ;fdfGotM ;Ddfg
ul/Psf\] lyof\] . b\]zsf\] sfg\'gcGtu{t k\|bz{g jf b+ufsf sf/0f zflGt
;\'Joj:yfdf vnn kg\]{ ;Defjgf eP k\|d\'v lhNnf clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ sˆo\'{
cfb\]z hf/L ug\]{ clwsf/ lyof\] . ;\]K6\]Da/df slknj:t\' lhNnfdf
nufOPsf\] sˆo\'{sf\] cf\]Pr;LPrcf/ jf cGo :yfgLo ;d\"xx¿n\] cfnf\]rgf
u/\]sf lyPgg\\ .

ltAatL ;d\'bfon\] o; jif{ ;fj{hlgs ;df/f\]xx¿ ;\~rfng ug{\] qmddf yf\]/}
k\|ltaGwsf\] ;fdgf cfkm\"x¿n\] ug\'{ k/\]sf\] hgfPsf lyP .

;+u7gsf\] :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] ;+u7gsf\] :jtGqtf k\|bfg u5{ / o;sf\] ;Ddfg klg ul/Psf\]
lyof\] . ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n\] lh;;, afOan, lqml:rog cyjf rr{ zLif{s
/flvPsf s\'g} ;+u7g btf{ ug{ nfdf\] ;do;Dd c:jLsf/ u/\]sf lyPgg\\ .
;jf\]{Rr cbfntsf\] Pp6f ;\'g\'jfO af/Daf/ ;/\]sf sf/0f ef\]6f j\]nkm\]o/
;f\];fO6Lsf\] cj:yfdf s\'g} kl/jt{g cfPg .

u\_ wd{sf\] :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] s;}nfO{ p;sf\] cfˆgf\] wd{sf\] cEof; ug{ :jtGqtf k\|bfg u5{ /
;a} wd{sf\] cEof; ug{ cg\'dlt lbG5 t/ c¿sf\] wd{ kl/jt{g jf wd{ Tofu ug{
aGb\]h u/\]sf\] 5 . c¿sf\] wd{ kl/jt{g jf wd{ Tofu u/fP h\]n ;hfo cyjf
b08, hl/jfgf x\'G5 . ljb\]zLsf\] xsdf eg\] b\]z lgsfnf ul/G5 . t/ klg
jif{el/df c¿sf\] wd{ kl/jt{g ug\]{ / u/fPafkt kqmfp ul/Psf s\'g} 36gf
lyPg . wd{ kl/jt{g jf wd{ Tofu u/fpgdf nufOPsf\] k\|ltaGwn\] u}/lxGb\"
wd{k\|ltsf\] jfs :jtGqtfnfO{ s\'l07t u/\]sf\] eGb} s\]xL lqml:rog /
d\'l:dn ;d\"xx¿n\] rf;f\] JoQm u/\]sf lyP .

hgj/L !% df lj:tfl/t cGtl/d ;+;b\\n\] hf/L u/\]sf\] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf\]
efu ! wf/f \$ df b\]znfO{ wd{lg/k\]If /fHo 3f\]if0ff ul/Psf\] 5 .

cNkdtdf k/\]sf wd{sf cg\'ofoLx¿n\] slxn\]sfxL+ cfkm\"x¿nfO{ k\|x/Ln\]
b\'Mv lbPsf\] u\'gf;f\] u/\]sf lyP . ;/sf/L lgsfox¿n\] ljz\]if u/\]/
/fhgLlts pkfb\]otf;Fu ;DalGwt ltAatL ;d\'bfoåf/f ul/g\] w\]/} ;fj{hlgs
;df/f\]xx¿df k\|ltaGw nufPsf lyP eg\] tL ;fj{hlgs ;df/f\]x ug{sf nflu
:yfg ;Lldt ul/Psf\] lyof\] .

ToxfF s\]xL o:tf ljj/0fx¿ klg lyP ls dfcf\]jfbL sfo{stf{x¿n\] cfˆgf
ultljlw ;\~rfng ug{ wfld{s sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ xtf\]T;fxL u/\]/ /
k\"hf:ynx¿df cfqmd0f ug\]{ u/\]/ wfld{s ;+3;+u7gsf ;\]jf;\'ljwf dfu
u/\]sf lyP .

k\|sfzg tyf 5fkfvfgf P\]gn\] km/skm/s wd{ jf hftsf JolQmx¿aLr zq\'tf
k}bf ug\]{ vfnsf ;fdu\|L k\|sfzgdf k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] lyof\] . wd{
kl/jt{g jf wd{ Tofu u/fPsf\] bf\]ifsf\] kl/0ffd hl/jfgf jf s}b x\'g ;S5
cyjf ljb\]zL gful/ssf\] xsdf eg\] b\]zlgsfnf . h\] eP klg jif{el/df wd{
kl/jt{g jf wd{ Tofu u/\]afkt kqmfp k/\]sf 36gfx¿ eg\] ePgg\\ .

;fdflhs b\'Jo{jxf/ / lje\]b

sfg\'gn\] aGb\]h u/\] klg gful/sx¿n\] ;fdflhs jftfj/0f, ;/sf/, Jofj;flos
/ wfld{s If\]qdf km/flsnf\] ¿kdf hftLo lje\]bsf\] cEof; u/\]sf lyP /
To:tf lje\]bn\] ;dfhdf ulx/f\] k\|efj hdfPsf\] lyof\] .

dfr{ @% df lzIfsx¿n\] kj{t lhNnfsf\] km8\\s\]9\'+uf k\|fylds ljBfnosf
blnt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ vfgf agfpg\] sIffsf\] k\|of\]ufTds k/LIff ;xefuL x\'g
lbPgg\\ . cbfnt / lhNnf lzIff sfof{non\] ltgLx¿nfO{ k\|of\]ufTds
k/LIffdf ;xefuL u/fpg\' eGg\] cfb\]z lbPkl5 lzIfs / ljBfno k\|zf;gn\]
;fj{hlgs ¿kdf dfkmL dfu\]/ tL ;a} ljBfyL{nfO{ #% xhf/ ¿k}ofF -%%)
cd\]l/sL 8n/\_ Ifltk\"lt{ k\|bfg ub}{ k/LIffdf ;fd\]n u/fPsf\] lyof\] .

cS6f\]a/ @\$ df a}t8L lhNnfsf\] u\|fdL0f If\]q tNnf\] ;f\]/fbsf !# hgf
blntnfO{ Pp6f lxGb\" rf8sf cj;/df sfl6Psf e}+;Lsf\] df;\' vfg c:jLsf/
u/\]sf\] cf/f\]kdf :yfgLo ufpF+n\]n\] s\'6lk6 u/\]sf lyP . :yfgLo
ufpF+n\]x¿n\] blntsf k;nx¿af6 sl/a kfFr nfv -&()) cd\]l/sL 8n/\_
d\"Noa/fa/sf\] ;/;fdfg klg n\'6\]sf lyP . pQm 36gf ;fDo kfg{ :yfgLo
dWo:ytf ;kmn ePsf\] lyof\] .

a}t8L lhNnfdf klg cf\]Pr;LPrcf/ / blnt ;+3;+:yfx¿sf\] jsfntsf sf/0f
pkNnf\] hfltsf JolQmx¿dfly b;}+ rf8sf cj;/df ;\~rfng x\'g\] k/Dk/fut
lje\]bsf/L sfo{df ;xefuL gePsf\] eGb} !@ hgf blntnfO{ s\'6lk6 u/\]sf\]
cf/f\]kdf lje\]b cleof\]ucGtu{t klxnf\] k6s ls6fgL hfx\]/L btf{ ePsf\]
lyof\] .

cGtl/d ;/sf/n\] b\]znfO{ wd{lg/k\]If /fHo 3f\]if0ff u/\]kl5
dfcf\]jfbLn\] wfld{s rf8kj{sf labf x6fOPsf cfˆgf Sofn\]G8/x¿ nfu\" ug{
ljBfnox¿nfO{ afWo kf/\]g . To;sf\] ;§fdf pgLx¿n\] :yfgLo lgsfo /
ljBfnox¿nfO{ lxGb\" wd{df dfq} geO{ ;a} wd{df cfwfl/t /x\]/ labfsf
sfo{tflnsf agfpg pTk\|\]l/t u/\]sf lyP . dfcf\]jfbLn\] rGbf /
;xof\]usf\] dfu k\"/f ug{ c:jLsf/ ug\]{ s\]xL lqml:rog rr{nfO{ aGb u/fP
.

b\]zdf s\'g} lrlgPsf ox\'bL wd{sf cg\'ofoL 5}gg\\ / ToxfF+ ox\'bL
wd{lj/f\]wL lqmofsnfksf ;dfrf/x¿ klg lyPgg\\ .

lj:t\[t 5nkmnsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGq k\|ltj\]bg @))&
x\]g\'{xf\]nf .

3\_ lx+88\'nsf\] :jtGqtf, cfGtl/s lj:yflkt JolQm, z/0ffyL{sf\] ;+/If0f /
/fHoljxLg JolQmx¿

sfg\'gn\] lx+88\'nsf\] :jtGqtf k\|bfg u5{ .

;/sf/n\] lgoldt ¿kdf b\]zleq / b\]zaflx/ :jtGq ¿kn\] ofqf ug\]{
z/0ffyL{x¿sf\] clwsf/df aGb\]h nufPsf\] lyof\] . sl/a Ps nfv ;ft
xhf/sf\] ;+Vofdf /x\]sf e\'6fgL z/0ffyL{n\] b\]zsf\] k\"jL{ efudf /x\]sf
;ftj6f lzlj/leq a:g\' k/\]sf\] lyof\] . ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ b\]zleq
:jtGq ¿kn\] lxF88\'n ug\]{ :jtGqtf k\|bfg ul/Psf\] lyof\] eg\] pgLx¿sf
nflu ljb\]z ofqf ug{ cfjZos sfuhft k\|fKt ug{ eg\] sl7g lyof\] . ;g\\
!(\*( cl3 z/0ffyL{sf ¿kdf btf{ ePsf ltAatLx¿n\] sl7gk\"j{s ofqfsf
sfuhftx¿ k\|fKt ug{ ;kmn ePsf lyP . ;g\\ !(\*( kl5 !\* jif{ pd\]/
k\'u\]sf sl/a kfFr xhf/ ltAatLn\] z/0ffyL{ kl/rokq k\|fKt u/\]sf
lyPgg\\, To;}n\] pgLx¿ ljb\]z ofqfsf nflu cfjZos sfuhft k\|fKt ug{ c;kmn
eP .

7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf cfGbf\]ng/t /fhgLlts ;d\"xx¿n\] rSsfhfd h;nfO{ :yfgLo
efiffdf aGb elgG5, u/\]/ b\]zleq lxF88\'n ug{ kfpg\] :jtGqtfdf cj/f\]w
k\'¥ofPsf lyP . dfcf\]jfbL / jfO{;LPnsf sfo{stf{n\] ;/sf/df ;fd\]n
eO;s\]kl5 klg /fhgLlts d\'2fdf Wofgcfs\[i6 u/fpg jif{el/ g} w\]/} aGb
cfXjfg u/\]sf lyP . hgj/L @\$ df ls/ft js{; kf6L{n\] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg
;+zf\]wg ug{, ;dfg\'kflts k\|0ffnL ckgfpg / ls/ft /fHosf\] Uof/\]G6L
u/fpg ;/sf/nfO{ bafa lbg k\"jL{ If\]qdf Pslbg\] oftfoft, snsf/vfgf,
ljBfno / k;n aGbsf\] cfXjfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

h\'nfO{ !\* df ;+o\'Qm lnDa\"jfg /fHo kl/ifb\\ / v\'Da\"jfg\\ /fli6«o
df\]rf{n\] pgLx¿sf\] :jfoQ If\]qsf\] dfu k\|j4{g ug{ lnDa\"jfg /
v\'Da\"jfg If\]qdf Pslbg\] ljBfno, Jofkf/Joj;fo / oftfoft aGb u/fPsf lyP
.

sfg\'gn\] hah{:tL b\]z lgsfnf -lgjf{;g\_ df k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] 5 /
jif{el/ g} hah{:tL b\]zlgsfnfsf\] k\|of\]u ul/Psf\] lyPg . ;/sf/n\]
gful/sx¿nfO{ k\|jf;df hfg / ljb\]zaf6 kms{g k\|ltaGw nufPg tyf /fhgLlts
sf/0f b\]vfpFb} s;}sf\] gful/stf vf/\]h ul/Psf\] klg yfxf kfOPg .

.

cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt JolQmx¿

oBlk ;/sf/ / dfcf\]jfbL cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflktx¿nfO{ ;\'/lIft / ;Ddflgt
tj/n\] 3/ kms{gsf nflu ;xof\]u ug{ ;xdt eP klg ;xdlt eg\] kfngf ul/Psf\]
lyPg . ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd, dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo\'Qmsf\]
sfof{no, z/0ffyL{ dfldnf;DaGwL ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo pRrfo\'Qm -
o\"PgPr;Lcf/\_ nufotsf w\]/} /fi6«;+3Lo lgof\]ux¿n\] cGt/f{li6«o
l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt JolQmx¿;DaGwL gLltlgdf{0fsf nflu
;/sf/;Fu ldn\]/ sfd ul//x\]sf lyP . o\"PgPr;Lcf/n\] g\]kfndf cfGtl/s
lj:yflkt JolQmx¿sf\] ;+Vof %) xhf/b\]lv &) xhf/ /x\]sf\] cg\'dfg
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

;/sf/n\] /\]8qm;sf\] cGt/f{li6«o ;ldlt, sfl/tf;, PS;g P8 g\]kfnnufotsf
w\]/} cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfnfO{ cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflktx¿nfO{ ;xfotf k\|bfg
ug{ cg\'dlt k\|bfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] . /fi6«;+3Lo lgof\]ux¿sf cg\';f/,
cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflktx¿nfO{ 3/ kms{gsf nflu d\'Vo
cj/f\]wdf--dfcf\]jfbLn\] abnf lnG5g\\ eGg\] 8/ / :yfgLo dfcf\]jfbL
sdfG8/x¿n\] pgLx¿nfO{ 3/ kms{g cg\'dlt glbg\' /x\]sf lyP .

l8;\]Da/ #) df cfGtl/s lj:yflkt ePsf \$\^ kl/jf/sf b\'O{ ;o \$\$ hgf
b}n\]v / hfh/sf\]6 lhNnfdf cfcfˆgf\] 3/df kms\]{sf lyP .

z/0ffyL{x¿sf\] ;+/If0f

z/0ffyL{sf\] bhf{;DaGwL ;g\\ !(%! sf\] o\"Pg dxf;lGw / o;sf\] ;g\\ !(\^&
k\|f\]6f\]sncGtu{t ;/sf/;F+u z/0f k\|bfg ug{sf nflu s\'g} /fli6«o gLlt
5}g . t}klg ;/sf/n\] e\'6fgL / ltAatL z/0ffyL{nfO{ ;+/If0f k\|bfg ug{sf
nflu gLltx¿ lgdf{0f ug{ pko\'Qm x\'g\] cgf}krfl/s k\|zf;lgs 5nkmnx¿
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

;g\\ !((! b\]lv ;/sf/n\] cfkm\"nfO{ e\'6fgL gful/s eg\]/ bfaL ug\]{ sl/a
Ps nfv ;ft xhf/ JolQmx¿nfO{ z/0f k\|bfg ul//x\]sf\] 5 . ;a}h;f\] tL
z/0ffyL{x¿ b\]zsf\] blIf0fk\"jL{ efudf /x\]sf lzlj/x¿df a;f\]af;
ul//x\]sf lyP . o\"PgPr;Lcf/n\] z/0ffyL{x¿sf\] cj:yfsf af/\]df cg\'udg
u/\]sf\] lyof\] / cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yf tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n\] lzIff /
:jf:Yo;\]jfh:tf pgLx¿sf cfwf/e\"t cfjZostf k\"/f ug{sf nflu ;xof\]u
k\|bfg u/\]sf lyP . ;/sf/n\] dfgjLotfsf cfwf/df z/0ffyL{sf\] pkl:yltnfO{
:jLsf/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] . n\'y/g jN8 km\]8\]/\];gn\] lzlj/x¿sf\] Joj:yfkg
u/\]sf\] lyof\] / ljZj vfB sfo{qmdn\] vfB ;xfotf pknAw u/fPsf\] lyof\] .
P;f\]l;P;g ckm d\]l8sn 8S6;{ ckm Pl;of -cfDbf_n\] :jf:Yo;\]jf k\|bfg
u¥of\] eg\] sfl/6f; tyf cGon\] klg lzlj/df z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ¿kdf
;xof\]u pknAw u/fP . ;/sf/n\] z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ sfd ug\]{ / lx+88\'n ug{
kfpg\] :jtGqtfdfly cflwsfl/s ¿kdf /f\]s nufPsf\] lyof\] t/ tL
aGb\]hx¿nfO{ s8f ¿kdf nfu\" eg\] ul/Psf\] lyPg .

o; jif{df o\"PgPr;Lcf/n\] ;g\\ @))\^ df ;\'? ePsf\] z/0ffyL{sf\] hgu0fgf
;DkGg u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cS6f\]a/ dlxgfdf hgu0fgfdf pNn\]v ePcg\';f/sf\]
hg;+VofnfO{ t\];\|f\] d\'n\'sdf k\'gaf{; vf\]Hgsf nflu cg\'dlt lbof\] .
lzlj/leqsf cfk/flws tTjx¿ / t\];\|f\] d\'n\'ssf\] k\'gaf{;sf ljifodf
ePsf ljjfbsf sf/0f jif{el/ g} lzlj/leq ;d:of v8f eO/Xof\] .
;\'/Iffl:yltsf sf/0f k\'gaf{;sf nflu ;/sf/L cg\'dltdf l9nfO eof\] .
k\|ltlqmof:j¿k cS6f\]a/ dlxgfdf o\"PgPr;Lcf/n\] ;z:q k\|x/L ansf\]
pkl:yltdf ;a} ;ftj6f lzlj/sf 3/x¿df lgdf{0fsfo{ ;DkGg u¥of\] h;n\]
;/sf/nfO{ t\];\|f\] d\'n\'s k\'gaf{;sf nflu cg\'dlt lbg\]\] 3f\]if0ff
ug{sf nflu ;lhnf\] agfof\] .

ha ;/sf/n\] k\'gaf{;nfO{ cg\'df\]bg u¥of\], o;n\] z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ aflx/
hfgsf nflu cfjZos kg\]{ k\|:yfg cg\'dlt k\|bfg ug{sf nflu Pp6f
k\|of\]ufTds k4ltsf\] sfof{Gjog eg\] jif{sf\] cGTo;Dd klg u/\]sf\] lyPg
.

;g\\ !(%( b\]lv !(\*( sf\] cjlwdf ;/sf/n\] sl/a aL; xhf/ ltAatL
z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ afl;Gbfsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ u¥of\] . Tof\] ;dob\]lv b\]zdf
cfPsf clwsf+z ltAatLx¿ ;lhn} ef/ttkm{ uPsf lyP . t}klg s\]xL ToxL+ a;\]
jf kmls{Psf eP klg o;sf\] Plsg ;+Vof eg\] yfx x\'g ;s\]g .

ltAatLx¿ 7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf g\]kfnsf\] gfsf x\'F+b} ef/ttkm{ hfg\] qmd hf/L
/Xof\] / ljz\]ifu/L ;/sf/n\] rt\'/ 9+un\] o:tf sfo{dfly k\|ltaGw nufpg\]
sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof\] . jif{sf\] cjlwdf b\'O{ xhf/ Ps ;o %\^ hgf
ltAatL d\'n\'sleq k\|j\]z u/\] . ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿n\] lrlgofF+
;Ldf/Ifsx¿af6 cfkm\"dfly a9\\bf\] b\'Jo{jxf/ ul/Psf\] egL lbPsf
k\|ltj\]bg ljZj;gLo lyP . z/0ffyL{x¿n\] z/0fsf\] vf\]hLdf d\'n\'sleq
k\|j\]z ug\]{ k\|of;df lrlgofF+ ;Ldf clwsf/Lx¿åf/f ul/Psf sf/afxLk\|lt
;Ldf clwsf/Lx¿ w}o{ ag\] . dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] ;Ldf If\]q x\'F+b} sf7df8f}+
k\|j\]z ug\]{ qmddf /x\]sf ltAatLx¿nfO{ k6sk6s n\'6kf6 u/\] .

d\'n\'sdf a;f\]af; ug\]{ w\]/} ltAatL;F+u clgoldt bhf{ /x\]sf\] 5 .
Jofkf/ :jfldTj, Ohfhtkq, w\]/} sfg\'gL sf/f\]af/x¿ :yfgLo ldqx¿ jf
;xof\]uLsf\] ;xof\]udf k\|fKt ug\'{k5{ . o;n\] pgLx¿nfO{ d\'Vou/L
dfcf\]jfbLx¿af6 ljz\]if ;+j\]bgzLn agfPsf\] 5, h;n\] Jofj;flos dflnsx¿ /
w\]\]/} ;fgf Jofj;flos dflnsx¿ , cGoaf6 klg hah{:tL rGbf ;+sng u5{g\\ .
ltAatLx¿n\] rGbfsf nflu sof}+ ckx/0fsf 36gf klg ePsf\] atfP . Jojxf/df
;/sf/n\] b\'Jo{jxf/ ul/g\] 8/ ePsf d\[\'n\'sdf g} JolQmx¿nfO{ kmsf{pgaf6
;+/If0f k\|bfg u¥of\] . oBlk h\'nfO{ !\^ df cWofudg sfof{non\] d\'n\'sdf
ck/fw u/\]sf\] cf/f\]kdf Ps ltAatL z/0ffyL{nfO{ lgisf;g u¥of\] .
;/sf/n\] ;f\] lgisf;g ;/sf/sf\] gLlt / ;\"rgf :ki6 gx\'F+bf o:tf\]
ePsf\] bfaL ub}{ tt\\;DaGwdf ul/Psf\] lj/f\]w k\|bz{gsf\] k\|ltlqmof
lbof\] .

;/sf/n\] o\"PgPr;Lcf/nfO{ ;x/L z/0ffyL{x¿ / ;f\]dflnof, gfOh\]l/of /
O/fs h:tf d\'n\'saf6 cfPsf z/0f vf\]Hg\]x¿nfO{ ;Lldt ;\]jfx¿ k\|bfg
ug\]{ df}sf k\|bfg ug{ :jLs\[lt lbof\] t/ o\"PgPr;Lcf/sf\] lgodcg\';f/
z/0ffyL{sf\] bhf{ lbOg\'kg\]{ clgjfo{tfsf\] lj/f\]w u¥of\] . dfr{df
;/sf/sf\] cg\'/f\]wdf o\"PgPr;Lcf/n\] z/0ffyL{ bhf{sf\] k\|lta4tf lgnDag
u/L ;/sf/;F+usf\] yk 5nkmn :ylut u¥of\] .

/fHoljlxg JolQmx?

;g\\ !((% df ;/sf/n\] b\]zsf\] gful/s x\'gsf nflu rflxg\] cfjZos sfuhft
gePsf\] cfwf/df sl/a #\$ nfv JolQm /fHoljlxg ePsf\] cg\'dfg u/\\of\] .
eGg\]lalQs} d\'n\'sdf gful/stf kfOF+b}g . !\* jif{ k\'u\]sf JolQmx?n\]
cf}krfl/s ?kdf cfj\]bg lbg\'k5, / w\]/} JolQmn\] o:tf\] ug{ s\'g}
kxnsbdL u/\]gg\\ . jif{sf\] cjlwdf ;/sf/n\] o:tf /fHoljlxg JolQmx?sf\]
btf{ ug\]{ / cf}krfl/s ?kdf gful/ssf\] btf{ lbg\] k\|of; u/\\of\] . u\[x
dGqfnosf\] gful/stf ;\]nn\] hgj/L / clk\|nsf\] aLrdf b\]zsf :yfgLo
If\]qx?df gful/stf ljt/0f 6f\]nLx? v6fof\] / pgLx?n\] @& nfv JolQmnfO{
gful/stfsf\] k\|df0fkq ljt/0f u/\] . jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf /fHoljlxg ePsf
emG8} cf7 nfv JolQmn\] gful/stf kfpg\] ;Defjgf /x\]sf\] eP klg gful/stf
ljt/0f 6f\]nLx?n\] e\|d0f aGb u/\] .

b\]zdf /x\]sf ltAatL, e\'6fgL, / zx/L z/0ffyL{x? /fHoljlxg 5g\\ . ;g\\
!(\*( cufj} b\]zdf cfPsf @) xhf/ ltAatL z/0ffyL{x?;F+u z/0ffyL{ kl/ro kq
5 / p;n\] pgLx?nfO{ Go\'gtd clwsf/ / ;+/If0f k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5, t/ ;g\\
!(\*( kl5 b\]zdf hGd\]sf jf To;kl5 oxfF+ cfPsf cg\'dflgt kfF+r xhf/
ltAatLx?nfO{ ;/sf/n\] sf8{ pknAw u/fPg .

**v08 \# /fhgLlts clwsf/sf\] ;Ddfg M gful/ssf\] ;/sf/ kl/jt{g ug{ kfpg\]
clwsf/**

sfg\'gn\] gful/sx?nfO{ zflGtk\"0f{ ?kdf pgLx?sf\] ;/sf/ kl/jt{g ug{
jfpg\] clwsf/ k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5, t/ Jojxf/df gful/sx?nfO{ o:tf\] clwsf/
lbOPg . ;g\\ !((( df lgjf{lrt ePsf\] ;+;b\\ h;sf\] sfo{sfn @))\$ ;Dd
lyof\] To;nfO{ @))@ df lj36g ul/of\], / kl5 @))\^ sf\] clk\|ndf
k\'g}:yfkgf ul/of\] / lgjf{lrt gePsf cltl/Qm ;b:ox?nfO{ hgj/Ldf yk
ul/of\] . cGtl/d ;/sf/n\] b\'O{ k6s;Dd ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg :ylut u/\\of\]
.

lgjf{rg / /fhgLlts ;xeflutf

;g\\ !(() sf\] bzssf\] cjlwdf /fli6«o lgjf{rgx? tLg k6s;Dd ;DkGg
ul/Psf\] lyof\] . cGt/f{li6«o ko{j\]Ifsx?n\] kl5Nnf\] /fli6«o lgjf{rg
cyft{\\ ;g? !((( sf\] lgjf{rg ;dfGotf :jtGq / lgikIf /x\]sf\] lgisif{
lgsfn\] . ;g\\ @))\^ df ;DkGg kl5Nnf\] :yfgLo lgjf{rg :jtGq / lgikIf
/x\]sf\] kfOPg .

jif{sf\] cGTodf cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn\] ;+ljwfg;efdf b\'O{ ;o \$) k\|ToIf /
blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt ;d\"xx?, dw\]zL, dlxnf / k\|ltlglwTjaf6 jl\~rt
ePsf ;d\"xx?;lxt tLg ;o #\^ ;dfg\'kflts k\|ltlglwTj / dlGqkl/ifb\\n\]
lgo\'Qm u/\]sf @\^ hgf k\|ltlglw;lxt s\'n 5 ;o Ps ;b:o /xg\] Joj:yf
u/\\of\] .

dlxnf, cflbjf;L jf cNk;+Vosx?nfO{ ;/sf/df jf /fhgLlts bnx?df ;xeflutf
hgfpg aGb\]h nufpg\] s\'g} ljlzi6 sfg\'g geP klg k/Dk/fn\] dlxnf / cGo
hfthflt tyf hftLo ;d\"xx?sf\] /fhgLlts k\|lqmofdf l;ldlt agfof\] .
clwsf+z 7\"nf bnx?sf ;xfos o\'jf ;+u7g, 6«\]8 o\'lgog, / ;fdflhs ;+u7gx?
/x\] . jt{dfg dlGqkl/ifb?df tLghgf dlxnf dGqLsf\] kbdf 5g\\ .

To:tf\] s\'g} sfg\'gx?n\] cNk;+Vosx?nfO{ dtbfg ug{ kfpg\] clwsf/af6
jl\~rt u/fPgg\\ jf pgLx?nfO{ cGo gful/s ;/x ;/sf/ jf /fhgLlts bnx?df
;xefuL x\'gaf6 aGb\]h nufPgg\\ . lglZrt hftsf ;xb:ox?n\] k/Dk/fut ?kdf
cGon\] eGbf w\]/} zlQm xftdf lnP . dlGqkl/ifb?sf @# ;b:odWo\] ;fthgf
hftLo cNk;+Vossf ;b:o lyP .

;/sf/L e\|i6frf/ / kf/bzL{tf

sfg\'gn\] e\|i6frf/lj/f\]wL lgsfo clVtof/ b\'?kof\]u cfof\]u -;LcfO{PP\_
nfO{ clVtof/ b\'?kof\]udfly cg\';Gwfg ug{ clwsf/ k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5 .
;LcfO{PPn\] cfkm\"n\] btf{ u/\]sf e\|i6frf/;DaGwL \*) k\|ltzt d\'2f ;kmn
ePsf\] bfaL u/\] klg /fhgLlt1x? ;+nUg s\]xL d\'2fx? btf{ ul/Pgg\\ jf
ltgnfO{ cbfntdf ;kmfO lbOof\] . ljZj a}+ssf\] ljZjJofkL zf;g ;\"rsf+sn\]
d\'n\'sdf e\|i6frf/ Pp6f uDeL/ ;d:of ag\]sf\] atfof\] .

h\'nfO{ !\* df cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn\] ;\"rgfsf\] clwsf/ law\]os kfl/t
u/\\of\] h;n\] ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?nfO{ gful/sn\] dfu\]sf\] ;\"rgf oyf;So
pknAw u/fpg / ;\"rgf dfu\]sf\] !% lbgleq To;;DaGwL hafkm lbg clgjfo{
Joj:yf ldnfPsf\] 5 . obL clwsf/Lx?n\] JolQmnfO{ ;\"rgfsf\] kx\'F+r lbg
c:jLsf/ u/\]df, pgLx?n\] To;sf\] :ki6 sf/0f v\'nfpg\'kg\]{5 . ;f\]
ljw\]osn\] clwsf/Lx?nfO{ kfF+rj6f cj:yfdf ;\"rgf n\'sfpg;Sg\] clwsf/
lbPsf\] 5 . lgDg cj:yfdf clwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;\"rgf n\'sfpg l:js\[tL lbOg\]5 M
obL To;f\] ul/Pdf ck/fw;DaGwL d\'2f btf{ u/fpg jf To;af/\] cg\';Gwfg ug{
c8\\rg cfpF5 eg\], b\]zsf\] ljQLo tyf afl0fHo lxtsf\] /Iff ug{, a}+lst
tyf ljQLo afl0fHo uf\]klgotfsf\] /Iff ug{, jf ;fDk\|bflos ;b\\efj jf
JolQmut hLjg jf ;\'/Iffdf k\|lts\"n k\|efj kg{af6 /f\]Sg .

**v08 \$ M dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf\] cf/f\]k;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o tyf u}/;/sf/L
cg\';Gwfgk\|lt ;/sf/L cfr/0f**

;/sf/L aGb\]hlagf g} y\'k\|} /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/jfbL
;+u7gx?n\] sfd u/\] / pgLx? dfgjclwsf/sf 36gfx?sf\] cg\';Gwfg /
tt\\;DaGwL k\|ltj\]bg k\|sfzg ug{ ;Ifd /x\] . ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?
slxn\]sfxLF+ pgLx?sf ljrf/k\|lt ;sf/fTds / ;xof\]uL ag\] . \\

g\]kfnsf\] dfgjclwsf/ ;+u7g, OG;\]s, cfO{PgPro\"cf/O{8L, / dfgjclwsf/
tyf zflGt ;dfhnufot sl/a !) j6f :jtGq, u}/;/sf/L dfgjclwsf/ ;+u7gx? /x\]
. g\]kfn sfg\'g ;dfhn\] klg dfgjclwsf/ b\'?kof\]usf 36gfx?sf\] cg\'udg
u/\\of\], / cGo y\'k\|} u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n\] oftgf, afn\>d, dlxnf
clwsf/, jf hftLo cNk;+Vos h:tf ljlzi6 If\]qdf cfkm\\gf\] Wofg s\]lGb\|t
u/\] . dfgljo dfldnf;DaGwL ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3sf\] sfof{nosf cg\';f/
dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] dfgjclwsf/jfbL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf jf kqsf/x?nfO{ kf6L{sf\]
cg\'dltlagf lhNnfx?df k\|j\]z lgz\]if u/\] eGg\] bfaLx? cS;/ ljZj;gLo
/x\] .

;/sf/n\] Pdg\]:6L OG6/g\];gn / x\\o\'dg /fO6\\; jfrnufot cGt/f{li6«o
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? / cGo dfgjclwsf/jfbL cg\'udgstf{x?nfO{ :jfut u/\\of\]
/ lgoldt ?kdf k\|j\]zf1f pknAw u/fof\] . clwsf/Lx?n\] cS;/ cGt/f{li6«o
ko{If\]sx?nfO{ Aof/\]sx? / aGbL /x\]sf :yfgx?sf\] kx\'F+r lbP .
cGt/f{li6«o ko{If\]sx?nfO{ sf\]6{ dfz{n / ;}lgs cg\';Gwfgsf\] kx\'F+r
lbOPg .

;g\\ @))\^ sf\] gf\]e\]Da/df ;DkGg zflGt ;Demf}tfkl5 cf\]Pr;LPrcf/n\]
dfgjclwsf/sf\] k\|jw{g tyf ;Da4{gsf gLlt / sfo{qmd th\'{df tyf sfof{Gjog
ug{ cGtl/d ;/sf/;F+u ldn\]/ sfd u/\\of\] . cf\]Pr;LPrcf/n\] jif{sf\]
cjlwdf #& j6f k\|\]; jQmJo hf/L u/\\of\] . klxnf\] k\|ltj\]bgn\] uf}/ /
l5d\]sL ufpF+x?df ePsf xTofsf\] 36gf;DaGwL cg\';Gwfgsf\] lgisif{
k\|:t\'t u/\\of\], bf\];\|f\]n\] jfO{;LPnaf6 ePsf\] cf/f\]k nufOPsf
dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gfx?nfO{ ;d\]6\\of\]\], t\];\|f\]n\] ;g\\ @))\^
sf\] gf\]e\]Da/df ;DkGg zflGt ;Demf}tfkl5sf\] dfgjclwsf/sf\] l:ytLsf\]
d\'Nof+sg u/\\of\] . ;\~rf/dfWodn\] oL ;a} k\|ltj\]bgx?nfO{
:jtGqtfk\"j{s ;d\]6\] .

;\]K6\]Da/ !\* df cfo\'Qmx?sf\] gofF 6f\]nLn\] ;yk u\|x0f gubf{;Dd
l;kmfl/;x?sf\] sfof{Gjog ug{ PgPrcf/;L;F+u l;ldt clwsf/ lyof\] .
cfo\'Qmx?n\] ;ky u\|x0f u/\]kl5 PgPrcf/;Ln\] To;cl3sf / clxn\] eO/x\]sf
b\'?kof\]ux?sf\] cg\';Gwfg ug{ ;\'? u/\] . cfof\]un\] cfkm\\gf\] sfd
:jtGqtfk\"j{s hf/L /fv\] klg k\|efjsf/L g\]t\[Tjsf\] cefjdf p;n\]
cg\';Gwfgx?nfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;s\]g . ;\|f\]tsf\] cefj / ck\'u hgzlQmsf
sf/0f cfof\]un\] cg\';Gwfg u/\]sf y\'k\|} 36gfx? l;ldt agfOlbof\] .
PgPrcf/;Ln\] cg\';Gwfg k\"/f u/L u/\]sf\] l;kmfl/;k\|lt k\|ltlqmof hgfpg
;/sf/nfO{ tLg dlxgfsf\] ;do lbOG5 . cfof\]un\] hgj/Lb\]lv h\'nfO{leqdf
dfgjclwsf/sf gf} ;o @# j6f pNn+3gsf 36gfsf\] ph\'/L k\|fKt u/\\of\] .
PgPrcf/;Ln\] ;/sf/sf\] lx/f;tdf a\]kQf ePsf jf jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf
;Dks{ljlxg ePsf 5 ;o \$\^ hgf JolQmsf\] klxrfg u/\\of\] . PgPrcf/;Ln\]
u}/sfg\'gL y\'gf / ;kmfO kfO;s\]sf JolQmx?nfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf 36gfx?sf\]
klg cg\';Gwfg u/\\of\] . PgPrcf/;Ln\] ;/sf/sf\] lgoGq0fdf /x\]sf\]
b\]zel/sf aGbLx?sf\] v\'nf kx\'F+r kfof\] .

v08 M % lje\]b, ;dflhs b\'Jo{jxf/ / dfgj a\]rlavg

b\]ze/ b}lgs hLjgsf w\]/\] If\]qdf Pp6f hftLo k4lt ;\~rfngdf cfPsf\] eP
klg ;/sf/n\] j0f{, ln+u, hft jf ljrf/sf cfwf/df gful/sx¿lj?4 e\]befj
ug\]{ 5}g eGg\] sfg\'gdf pNn\]v 5 . ljz\]if u/\]/ u\|fdL0f e\]ux¿df
ckf+u JolQmx¿, dlxnf / tNnf\] hfthfltlj?4 x\'g\] ;fdflhs lje\]b ;fdfGotM
sfod /x\]sf\] lyof\] .

dlxnf

d\'n\'sL P\]g cg\';f/ hah{:tL s/0fLsf\] cleof\]udf lbOg\] ;hfo kLl8t
dlxnfsf\] pd\]/df lge{/ 5 . obL s;}n\] !) jif{eGbf sd pd\]/sL aflnsfnfO{
hah{:tL s/0fL u/\]df anfTsf/LnfO{ !) b\]lv !% jif{ sf/faf; ;hfo x\'G5,
obL aflnsf !) jif{eGbf a9L / !\$ jif{eGbf sd pd\]/sL ePdf anfTsf/LnfO{
\* b\]lv !@ jif{ sf/faf; ;hfo x\'G5, !\$ b\]lv !\^ jif{sL lszf\]/LnfO{
hah{:tL s/0fL ug\]{ JolQmnfO{ \^ b\]lv !) jif{ sf/faf; ;hfo x\'G5, obL
anfTs\[t o\'jlt !\^ jif{eGbf dfly / @) jif{eGbf sd pd\]/sL ePdf
anTsf/LnfO{ % b\]lv \* jif{ sf/faf; ;hfo x\'G5, @) jif{eGbf a9L pd\]/sL
o\'jltnfO{ hah{:tL s/0fL ug\]{ nfO{ % b\]lv & jif{ sf/faf; x\'g\]
k\|fjwfg P\]gdf /x\]sf\] 5 . hah{:tL s/0fLsf\] lzsf/ ePsL dlxnfnfO{
lbOg\] IftLk\'tL{ dfgl;s / zfl/l/s tgfjsf cfwf/df lgwf{/0f x\'G5 .
of}gsdL{nfO{ anTsf/ ug\]{ ;Gbe{df sfg\'gL e\]befj /x\]sf\] 5 . o;df
lkl8t kIfn\] cGo dlxnfn\] h:t} sfg\'gL ;+/If0f kfpl5g / anTsf/ ug\]{n\]
ToxL :t/sf\] ;hfo kfp5 . n}+lus ;dfgtf ;+;f\]wg P\]g @))\^ df hah{:tL
s/0fLdf j}jflxs anTsf/nfO{ ;d\]6LPsf\] 5, h;df kltnfO{ \# b\]lv \^
dlxgf;Dd sf/fjf; ;hfo x\'g ;Sb5 .

dlxnflj?4 x\'g\] 3/\]n\' lx+;f Pp6f uDeL/ ;d:of lyof\] h;n\] sd} dfq
hgrf;f\] k\|fKt ub{Yof\] . ToxfF+ cfdk\|x/L, /fhgLlt1x¿, gful/sx¿ /
;/sf/L lgsfox¿sf nflu dlxnflj?4sf\] lx+;fnfO{ ;d:ofsf\] ¿kdf klxrfg ug{
OGsf/ ug\'{ ;fdfGo lyof\] . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n\] k\|x/L, /fhgLlt1x¿ /
cfdhgdfg;nfO{ nlIft u/\]/ ;\~rfngdf NofPsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;d:ofsf af/\]df
r\]tgf hfu\[t u/fpg cu\|;/ /x\] . h\'nfO{ @))\^ b\]lv h\'g dlxgf leqdf
k\|x/Lsf\] dlxnf ;\]nn\] Psxhf/ Ps ;oj6f 3/\]n\' lx+;f;DaGwL ljj/0fx¿
k\|fKt u/\]sf\] lyof\] . h\] eP klg 3/\]n\' lx+;f;DaGwL sfg\'gsf\]
cefjdf k\|x/Ln\] cf/f\]kLlj?4 d\'2f bfo/ ug{ ;s\]g jf rfx\]g .

b\]zsf krxQ/ lhNNffdWo\] aL;j6fdf k\|x/Lsf rf}aL;j6f dlxnf ;\]n lyP .
;\]nsf dlxnf clws\[tx¿n\] 3/\]n\' lx+;f / a\]rlavgaf6 kLl8t ePsfx¿nfO{
ug\'{kg\]{ Jojxf/;DaGwL ljz\]if tflnd k\|fKt u/\]sf lyP . k\|x/Ln\]
cfˆgf ;a} clws\[tnfO{ 3/\]n\' lx+;fnfO{ Pp6f b08gLo ck/fwsf ¿kdf x\]g{
lgb\]{zg klg lbPsf\] lyof\] . tyflk k\|x/L clwsf/Lx¿sf cg\';f/
cfdk\|x/Ldf h/f uf8\]sf\] lje\]bsf/L k\|j\[lQsf sf/0f of\] k\|sf/sf\]
lgb\]{zg nfu\" ug{ u/fpg sl7g lyof\] . olb k\|x/Ln\] kqmfp ul/xfn\]sf\]
eP klg g t kLl8t g ;/sf/n\] g} b08 lbnfpg ;Sy\] .

tyfkL, k\|x/L clwsf/Lx¿sf cg\';f/ k\|x/L eLq} :yflkt lje\]bsf/L wf/0ff
/x\]sf\] sf/0f o:tf\] lgb\]{zg sfof{Gjog ug{ sl7g 5 . obL k\|x/Ln\]
cleo\'QmnfO{ kqmfp u/\]df klg k\|foM g t lkl8t g t ;/sf/ sfg\'gL pkrf/sf
nflu tof/ x\'G5g .

sf7df8f}Fdf aL;j6feGbf a9L u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn\] ;fdfGotM dlxnfsf ;jfndf /
dlxnflj?4 x\'g\] lx+;fsf ;d:ofdf sfo{ ub{y\] / lx+;fkLl8tx¿nfO{ cf\>o,
cf}ifwLpkrf/, k/fdz{ / sfg\'gL jsfnt k\|bfg ub{y\] .

tLdWo\] s\]xL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf zfvf sfof{nox?n\] cGo lhNnfx?df klg
To:tf\] ;\]jf k\|bfg ub{y\] .

k\|x/L dlxnf ;\]nsf cg\';f/, h\'nfO{ @))\^ b\]lv h\'g dlxgf;Dddf cbfntdf
tLg;o !& j6f hjh{:tL s/0fL / &) j6f hjh{:tL s/0fL k\|of;sf d\'4f btf{
ePsf lyP .

ln+udf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf ljifonfO{ ;Djf\]wg ug\]{ ;fyL gfds Pp6f u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfn\] ;g @))# df u/\]sf\] ;j\]{If0fn\] hjh{:tL s/0fL ck/fwdf k\|x/Ldf
ph\'/L ug\]{ kLl8tdWo\] #( k\|lt;t !( jif{ d\'gLsf x\'g\] u/\]sf\]
b\]vfPsf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/L lgsfodf ck/fwsf\] hfgsf/L u/fpg\] tL
kLl8tx?dWo\] @% k\|lt;tn\] cleo\'QmnfO{ ;/sf/n\] kqmfp u/L y\'gfdf
/fv\]sf\] atfPsf lyP . ;fyLsf cg\';f/, k\|x/L / cbfntn\] hjh{:tL
s/0fLsf\] d\'2fnfO{ rf8f\] ;dfwfg ug{ rfxGy\] .

;fyL / P;PgeL g\]kfnn\] ;g @))! df u/\]sf\] cWoogdf hjh{:tL s/0fLsf
lkl8tdfly d\'Vo?kdf zfl/l/s, dfgl;s, cfly{s / ;fdflhs k\|efj kg\]{
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . hjh{:tL s/0fLsf lkl8tnfO{ ;dflhs b\'/efjsf\] b\[i6Laf6
x\]l/g\] u/\]sf\] / pgLx¿n\] d\'v b\]vfpg ;d\]t nfh dfGg\' kg\]{ cj:yf
lyof\] . s\]xL 36gfdf anfTs\[t dlxnfn\] 36gf ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 s\]xL
;dosf\] nflu 3/ / ;d\'bfo 5f8\]sf\] kfOPsf\] lyof\] .

hah{:tL s/0fLsf 36gfx¿ Pp6f ;d:ofsf ¿kdf /lx/x\]sf lyP / clwsf+z ;jfndf
;fj{hlgs klg ePsf lyPgg\\ . ef/t;F+usf ;LdfjtL{ t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df
bfOhf\] k\|yf ;an /x\] klg bfOhf\] lbg g;s\]sf\] jf sd lbPsf sf/0f
a\]x\'nLx¿sf\] xTof ePsf 36gf eg\] Hofb} sd lyP . w\]/}h;f\] klt jf
;f;\";;\'/fn\] yk bfOhf\] dfUb} kTgLx¿nfO{ zf/Ll/s oftgf lbg\] ub{y\]
cyjf dlxnfnfO{ 3/ 5f\]8\\g afWo kfl/GYof\] . h;sf sf/0f k\'?ifn\]
k\'gMljjfx ug{ ;SYof\] .

bfOhf\]af6 c;Gt\'it klt / 3/kl/jf/n\] gf\]e\]Da/ \^ df g\]kfnu\~hsL @@
jlif{of x;¿g Ob\|L;nfO{ hnfpg\] k\|of; u/\]sf lyP . k\|x/Ln\] jif{sf\]
cGTodf Olb\|;sf klt / 3/kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ kqmfp u/\]sf\] lyof\] eg\]
d\'2f cbfntdf larf/fwLg 5 .

emf/km\'s;DaGwL k/Dk/fut ;f\]rfOdf k\|foMh;f\] u\|fdL0f If\]qsf j\[4f
tyf ljwjfx¿nfO{ ;dfj\]z lyP . wfdLemfF+qmL jf c¿ :yfgLo lgsfosf
uGodfGox¿n\] dfG5\]af6 e\"t v\]bfpg\] eGb} slxn\]sfxLF af\]S;L ePsf\]
cfz+sfdf ;fj{hlgs ¿kn\] s\'6lk6 / zf/Ll/s b\'Jo{jxf/ ug\]{ ub{y\] .

;\~rf/dfWod / u}/;/sf/L;+:yfdf o:tf cGwljZjf;df cfwfl/t 36gf jif{el/g}
cfpg\] u/\]sf lyP, h;df clk\|n !\$ df klZrd g\]kfnsf\] a\]ugf; tfnsL
sf\]lknf ljZjsdf{ / pgsf b\'O{ 5f\]/f5f\]/LnfO{ :yfgLojf;Ln\] 3/af6
lgsfn\]/ 3/ eTsfpg\] wDsL lbOPsf\] 36gf klg lyof\] . laZjsdf{sf
l5d\]sLn\] pgLdfly af\]S;Lsf\] cEof; u/\]sf\] slyt cf/f\]k nuftf/ nufO
/fv\]sf lyP / k\|x/Ldf ph\'/L ug{df afwf k\'/\\ofPsf lyP . :yflgo
clwsf/Ln\] pgsf l5d\]sLnfO{ s\'g}klg sf/afxL u/\]sf lyPgg . ;g ;g\\ @))#
df /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof\]un\] To:tf b\'Jo{jxf/ /f\]Sg /
b\'Jo{jxf/kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk\"lt{ lbg Pp6f ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{ ;/sf/;F+Uf
cfu\|x u/\]sf\] lyof\] . lhNNff k\|zf;g sfof{non\] ;DalGwt lhNnfdf ePsf
emf/km\'s;DaGwL lx+;fsf d\'2fx¿nfO{ x\]g\]{ ub{Yof\] .

;g @))# df cfof\]un\] lbPsf\] ;\'emfj ;/sf/n\] jif{sf\] cGTo;Ddklg kfng
u/\]sf\] kfOPg .

b\]ze/ dlxnf a\]rlavg Pp6f uDeL/ ;d:of /x\]sf\] lyof\] / 7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf
dlxnfx¿ cGo b\]zdf Jofj;flos of}gzf\]if0fsf nflu afWo kfl/Psf lyP .
afWofTds j\]Zofj\[lQ u}/sfg\'gL lyof\] t/ OR5fg\';f/sf\] j\]Zjfj\[lQnfO{
/f\]Sg\] sfg\'gx¿ lyPgg\\ .

oBlk sfg\'gn\] ;dfg sfdsf nflu ;dfg Hofnfnufotsf s\'/fx¿df dlxnfnfO{
;+/If0f k\|bfg u5{, ;/sf/n\] /fHosf\] :jfldTjdf /x\]sf w\]/} pBf\]ux¿df
;d\]t tL Joj:yfx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu pNn\]Vo sbd rfn\]sf\] lyPg .
dlxnfx¿n\] ljz\]if u/\]/ u\|fdL0f e\]ux¿df ;+:yfut lje\]b vKg\' k/\]sf\]
lyof\] hxfF+ ;f+:s\[lts /Lltl/jfh, lzIffsf\] cefj / sfg\'gL r\]tgfsf\]
cefjn\] cfˆgf\] gfddf ;DklQ /fVg\] jf dt v;fNg\]h:tf cfwf/e\"t
clwsf/x¿sf\] cEof; ug{ hl6n cj/f\]w l;h{gf u/\]sf lyP . cljjflxt, ljwjf
/ ;DaGwljR5\]b u/\]sf dlxnfx¿n\] eg\] k}t\[s ;DklQdf :jtM bfaL ug{
;Sby\]\] .

;g @))\^ sf\] gf\]e\]Da/ b\]lv cfdfsf\] gfddf 5f\]/f5f\]/LnfO{ gful/stf
lbg\] / ljb\]zL;+u ljjfx ug\]{ dlxnfn\] ;d\]t gful/stf kfpg\] Joj:yf 5 .

dlxnfx¿n\] hGd tyf d\[To\'sf 36gf btf{ ug{ ;Sg\]5g\\ . /fxbfgL k\|fKt
ug{sf nflu dlxnfn\] \>Ldfg\\sf\] cg\'dlt lng\'kg\]{ cfjZOstf lyPg .
;DklQ a\]rlavg jf :jfldTj x:tfGt/0f ubf{ dlxnfn\] lghsf\] klt, 5f\]/f jf
cleefjssf\] Ohfht k\|fKt ug{\'{kg\]{ cfjZostf klg lyPg .

;g @))\^ sf\] ;\]K6\]Da/df n}+lus ;dfgtf P\]gn\] lje\]bsf/L !&# dWo\]
%\^ j6f k\|fjwfg ;+;f\]wg u/\]klg clxn\] klg w\]/} lae\]bsf/L sfg\'g
5g\\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;DklQ clwsf/;DaGwL sfg\'gn\] e\"ldsf\] btf{ /
kl/jf/sf\] ;DklQ efuaG8f x\'g\] ljifodf k\'?ifsf\] kIf lnPsf\] 5 .
j}b\]lzs /f\]huf/ P\]gn\] j}b\]lzs /f\]huf/Ldf hfg OR5\'s dlxnfn\]
;a}eGbf klxn\] ;/sf/ / ltgsf cleefjssf\] d\~h\'/Lgfdf lng\'k5{ .
sfg\'gn\] s\'g} klg k\'?ifsL kTgL zf/Ll/s ¿kdf czQm ePdf jf ;Gtfg pTkfbg
ug{ cof\]Uo 7xl/Pdf lgh k\'?ifnfO{ k\'gMljjfx ug{ cg\'ldt lbO{ ax\'ljjfx
k\|yfnfO{ k\|f\]T;fxg u/\]sf\] 5 .

;g\\ @))! sf\] hgu0fgfcg\';f/ pknAw ePsf\] ;aeGbf kl5NNff\] tYof+sdf
k\'\'?if ;fIf/tf b/ \^% k\|ltzt lyof\] eg\] dlxnf ;fIf/tf b/ t\'ngfTds
¿kdf hDdf \$# k\|ltzt lyof\] . u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿n\] dlxnfnfO{ ;lqmo
gful/s ;dfh / cy{tGqdf PsLs\[t u/fpg\] lbzfdf cfˆgf sfo{qmdx¿ nlIft u/\]
. clwsf+z /fhgLlts bnsf dlxnf ;+u7gn\] dlxnf clwsf/sf\] jsfnt u/\] eg\]
dlxnfsf ;jfnx¿nfO{ kf6L{ g\]t\[Tj tx;Dd k\'¥ofpg\] sfd u/\]sf lyP .

afnaflnsf

sfg\'gn\] afnaflnsfsf\] lzIff / sNof0fsf nflu :ki6 Joj:yf ldnfP klg
To;sf\] sfof{Gjogdf ;dfgtf 5}g . lzIff clgjfo{ lyPg . h;/L eP klg ;/sf/L
gLltn\] \^ b\]lv !@ jif{ pd\]/ ;d\"xsf afnaflnsfsf nflu lgMz\'Ns
k\|fylds lzIffsf\] Joj:yf ldnfof\] . z}lIfs u\'0f:t/ k\|fo ckof{Kt
lyof\] / w\]/} kl/jf/n\] cfˆgf s\]6fs\]6Lsf nflu ljBfno ;fdfu\|L
kf7\\ok\':ts, sfkL, snd / sk8fdf k};f vr{ ug{ ;s\]gg\\ . b\]zsf ;a}
efudf ljBfno lyPgg\\ .

sfd ug\]{ afnaflnsfdWo\] emG8} \^) k\|ltzt ljBfno hfg\] u/\]sf lyP .
oBlk ljBfno egf{ x\'g\]df sfd ug\]{ afnssf\] ;+Vof &) b\]lv &% k\|ltzt
lyof\] eg\] aflnsftkm{ Tof\] hDdf %) b\]lv \^) k\|ltzt /Xof\] .

dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;d\"xx¿sf cg\';f/ dfWolds ljBfnox¿df egf{ x\'g\] 5fqfsf\]
;+Vof 5fqsf\] eGbf cfwf sd lyof\] . ;g\\ @))# df lzIff ljefun\] hf/L
u/\]sf\] Ps k\|ltj\]bgdf k\"j{k\|fylds ljBfon hfg\] pd\]/sf Ps rf}yfO{
aflnsf cfwf/e\"t lzIffaf6 jl\~rt ePsf lyP . ;/sf/n\] lJfBfno hfg\]
pd\]/sf \*\^ k\|ltzt afnaflnsf ;/sf/L ljBfnodf egf{ ePsf\] bfaL u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . b\]ze/ b\'O{xhf/ kfF+t;oj6f db/;f ;\~rfngdf /x\]sf\] hgfOPsf\]
lyof\] .

;/sf/n\] afnaflnsf tyf jo:ssf nflu cfwf/e\"t :jf:Yo;\]jf lgMz\'Ns k\|bfg
u/\] klg ;/sf/L lSnlglsx¿sf\] ;+Vof yf\]/} lyof\] eg\] ToxfF+ cTofjZos
lrlsT;f pks/0fx¿sf\] cefj dfq} xf\]Og y\'k\|} sdLsdhf\]/L lyP .
dfcf\]jfbL HofbtLsf sf/0f u\|fdL0f If\]qsf s\]xL lSnlgs aGb x\'g afWo
kfl/P .

afnaflnsflj?4sf\] lx+;f lj/n} dfq bl08t x\'GYof\] / afnaflnsfsf\]
a\]rlavgn\] g} pgLx¿dflysf\] b\'Jo{jxf/ k\|ltlalDat u/\]sf\] lyof\] . sd
pd\]/sf s\]6Lx¿sf\] Jofj;flos of}gzf\]if0f Pp6f uDeL/ ;d:of lyof\] .

b\]zsf clwsf+z efudf ;fdflhs dgf\]efjgfn\] 5f\]/Lsf\] hGdnfO{ ljjfxdf
;f}bfafhL ug\]{ Pp6f j:t\' jf Pp6f af\]emsf ¿kdf lnGYof\] . s\]xL
JolQmn\] /h:jnf x\'g\'cl3 Pp6L s\]6Lsf\] ljjfxnfO{ Pp6f k\|ltli7t, kljq
sfo{ h;n\] csf\]{ hGd ;\'vb x\'g\] ;Defjgfx¿ a9fpF5 eGg\] ¿kdf klg lng\]
ub{y\] . kl/0ffd:j¿k afna\]x\'nL x\'g\] qmd ;fdfGo lyof\] oBlk sfg\'gn\]
c7f/ jif{d\'lgsf s\]6Lx¿sf\] ljjfxdf k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] 5 . ;fdflhs,
cfly{s / wfld{s d\"Nox¿n\] afna\]x\'nLx¿sf\] cEof;nfO{ k\|j4{g u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . :jf:Yo dGqfnosf cg\';f/ ljjfxsf nflu s\]6Lsf\] cf};t pd\]/
;f\]x\| jif{ / s\]6fsf\] cf};t pd\]/ c7f/ jif{ lyof\] . 3/\]n\'
lx+;fsf\] Pp6f sf/0fsf ¿kdf k\|foMh;f\] ljjfxdf x\'g\] pd\]/sf\]
km/snfO{ lnOGYof\] .

dfcf\]jfbLn\] lszf\]/lszf\]/L / s\]xL slnnf afnaflnsfnfO{ el/of,
;Gb\]zafxs, efG;\] / ;z:q sfo{stf{sf ¿kdf sfo{ u/fpgsf nflu ckx/0f
u/\]sf lyP . /fhgLlts lzIffsf ;qdf ;xefuL u/fpgsf nflu ljBfnoaf6} ckx/0f
ul/Psf clwsf+z afnaflnsf s\]xL lbgkl5 kmsf{OPsf lyP t/ s\]xL :j}lR5s jf
hah{:tL ul/P/ dfcf\]jfbL;F+u} /flvPsf lyP .

g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] tL; k\|ltzt dfcf\]jfbL 5fkfdf/ c7f/ jif{d\'lgsf / s\]xL
b; jif{ pd\]/;Ddsf /x\]sf\] cg\'dfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

;g @))\^ sf\] gf\]e\]Da/df ePsf\] zflGt ;Demf}tfn\] s\'g} klg kIfsf\]
;z:q kmf}hdf afnaflnsfsf\] egf{nfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf lgif\]w u/\]sf\] lyof\] t/
dfcf\]jfbLn\] 7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf afnaflnsf egf{ ug\]{ sfo{ hf/L /fv\]sf lyP
.

h\'nfO{ @))\^ b\]lv h\'g;Dddf ToxfF+ sDtLdf tLgj6f :qLlzz\'xTofsf 36gf
k\|x/Lsf\] dlxnf ;\]n;dIf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf\] lyof\] .

åGåsf sf/0f afnaflnsf;lxtsf\] cfGtl/s lj:yfkg Pp6f ;d:of aGg\] qmd hf/L
lyof\] / lj:yflktsf\] ;+Vof al9/x\]sf\] lyof\] . sfl/tf;sf\] @))% sf\]
k\|ltj\]bgcg\';f/ ljut b; jif{sf\] ;z:q åGåsf qmddf sl/a rfnL; xhf/
afnaflnsf lj:yflkt u/fOPsf lyP . cfGtl/s lj:yflktsf ¿kdf afnaflnsfsf\]
:jf:Yff\]krf/ ;\]jf, cf\>o:yn / vfgfdf kx\'F+r ckof{Kt lyof\] / lzIffdf
;Lldt kx\'F+r lyof\] .

dfgj a\]rlavg

sfg\'gn\] dfgj a\]rlavgnfO{ lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5 / pNn+3gstf{x¿sf nflu aL;
jif{;Ddsf\] h\]n;hfo tf\]s\]sf\] 5 tfklg dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf a\]rlavg
Pp6f hl6n ;d:of /x\]sf\] lyof\] . h\'nfO{ !\* df cGtl/d ;+;bn\] dfgj
j\]rljvg tyf cf\];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f ljwo\]s kfl/t u/of\] . ;/sf/n\]
klxnf\]k6s gf\]e\]Da/ % nfO{ /fli6«o dfgjj\]rljvglj?4sf\] lbj;sf ?kdf
dgfof\] . o; jif{df dfgjj\]rljvglj?4sf ljwfg nfu\" ug\]{ k\|lqmofdf
;\'wf/ cfPklg oL lgoldt eg\] x\'g ;s\]gg\\ . sfg\'gn\] b\]zdf tyf
ljb\]zdf dfgjsf\] a\]rlavgnfO{ lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5 .

b\]z a\]rlavgsf nflu Pp6f ;\|f\]t d\'n\'s lyof\] . slnnf\] pd\]/sf
dlxnfx¿ clwsf+z ¿kdf nlIft ju{ x\'Gy\] . Jofj;flos of}gzf\]if0fsf nflu
s\]6fx¿sf\] a\]rlavg lj/n} dfq hfgsf/Ldf cfpFYof\]\] t/ gf} jif{ pd\]/
;d\"x;Ddsf s\]6Lx¿sf\] klg a\]rlavg ul/GYof\], ;\'?df t ef/t;lxtsf
l5d\]sL b\]zx¿df .

ha 7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf dlxnf tyf s\]6Lx¿sf\] a\]rlavg of}gzf\]if0fsf nflu
ul/GYof\] eg\] k\'?if, dlxnf / s\]6fs\]6Lx¿nfO{ 3/\]n\' sfdbf/,
cw{;Lko\'Qm aF+w\'jf \>ldssf ¿kdf, ;s{;df sfd u/fpg jf cGo pb\]Zosfnflu
a\]rlavg ul/GYof\] . vf8L d\'n\'sx¿df /fd\|f\] /f\]huf/L lbnfOlbg\]
cg\]s k\|nf\]egdf kf/L jf e\"m7f cfZjf;g b\]vfP/ k\'?ifx¿nfO{ hmSofP/ jf
wDsL lbP/ O/fs t:s/L ul/GYof\] .

ToxfF+ k\'?ifx? \>d zf\]if0fsf nflu vf8L d\'n\'sdf a\]lrPsf hfgsf/Lx?
ljutsf jif{x?df eGbf a9L k\|fKt ePsf lyP . k\|jf;af6 sfd u/\]/
kms\]{sfx?;F+ sfd ug\]{ kf}/vL gfds u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn\] k\|tL jif{
ef/tafx\]ssf cGo uGtAodf k\|Zyfg ug\]{ kfF+rxHff/ eGbf a9L k\|jf;L
sfdbf/x?dWo\] tLg k\|lt;t a\]rljvgsf\] l;sf/ ePsf\] cg\'dfg u/\]sf\]
lyof\] .

clwsf+z dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ /fd\|f\] cfDbfgL x\'g\] hflu/ ldnfOlbg\]
jf ljjfx ug\]{ k\|nf\]eg b\]vfO{ ef/tdf a\]rlavg ul/GYof\] . hah{:tL
\>dsf jf of}gzf\]if0fsf nflu cfGtl/s a\]rlavg klg x\'g\] uYof\]{ .

;\]e b lrN8«\]g / PS;g P8n\] åGå, a;fOF;/fO / /f\]huf/Lsf ljifodf
cg\';Gwfg u/\]sf lyP . cWoog k\|ltj\]bgcg\';f/ ;z:q ljb\|f\]xsf sf/0f
dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfn\] ;x/L If\]qx¿df /f\]huf/L tyf ;\'/Iffsf\] vf\]hL
u/\]kl5 cfGtl/s ¿kdf dfgj a\]rlavgdf dnhn k\'u\]sf\] lyof\] . o\'4lj/fd
eP klg w\]/} dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf /fhgLlts cl:y/tf hf/L /x\]sf sf/0f 3/
kms{g 8/fP .

j\]rljvg eP/ kmls{Psf JoflQm / pgLx?sf kl/jf/n\] k\|foh;f\] ;fdflhs
b\'Jo{jxf/sf\] ;fgf ug\'{kYof\]{ . dfOtL g\]kfn gfds /fli6«o
u}/;/sf/Ln\] j\]rljvgaf6 p4f/ ul/Psf s\]6Lx?nfO{ 3/;Dd kms{gdf ;xof\]u
u5{ .

sf7df8f}+ / Onfdl:yt cf\>o :ynx?df o\'jtLx?n\] a9Ldf 5 dlxgf;Dd a;\]/
cfod\'ns ;Lkx? l;Sg ;S5g\\ . l8;\]Da/df sf7df8f}+l:yt dfOtL g\]kfnsf
3/x?df \^) hgf o\'jtL lyP . cGo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n\] klg gfsf 3/x? pknAw
u/fP .

dfgj a\]rlljvglj?4 n8\\g ;/sf/;F+u Pp6f /fli6«o of\]hgf / dfgj
j\]rljvg;DaGwL Pp6f /fli6«o /\\ofkf\]l6o/ 5 . oBlk /fhgLlts cl:y/tf /
;\'/Iff ;d:ofsf sf/0f ;/sf/sf dfgj a\]rljvglj/f\]wL k\|of;x?df c8\\rg
cfP .

dxfGofofwLjQmfsf\] sfof{nosf cg\';f/, ;/sf/n\] ;g\\ @))\^ sf\]
h\'nfO{kl5 Ps jif{sf\] cjlwdf b\]zel/sf lhNnf GofoflwjQmfsf sfof{nodf Ps
;o \*# j6f dfgj a\]rljvgsf d\'2f btf{ u/\\of\] . h\'nfO{ !\$ ;Dddf Ps ;o
\*# j6f d\'2fdWo\] #& j6fnfO{ k\"0f{ jf cflz+s ;hfo, @@ j6fnfO{ ;kmfO
lbOof\] eg\] afF+sL Ps ;o @\$ j6f cg\';Gwfgs} qmddf /x\] .

sl/a !@ xhf/ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ of}gzf\]if0fsf nflu ef/tLo
j\]Zofnox¿df a\]rlavg ul/Psf\] lyof\] / cGo s}of}F dlxnf tyf
afnaflnsfnfO{ cfGtl/s ¿kdf a\]rlavg ul/Psf\] lyof\] . t:s/x¿n\]
dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;fpbL c/\]laof, dn\]l;of, xªsª / ;+o\'Qm c/a Old/\]6\\;nufot
cGo vf8L d\'n\'sx¿df of}gzf\]if0f tyf 3/\]n\' sfdsf nflu k7fPsf lyP .

;g\\ @))# df ;/sf/n\] ;fpbL c/\]laof / cGo vf8L d\'n\'sx¿df dlxnfnfO{
3/\]n\' sfdbf/sf ¿kdf k7fpgdfly nufPsf\] k\|ltaGw lkmtf{ lnof\] . ljb\]z
hfg\'cl3 sfdbf/x¿nfO{ cled\'vLs/0f tflnd lbOPsf\] 5 / ljb\]z uO;s\]kl5
pgLx¿n\] k\"j{lgwf{l/t ;Demf}tfadf\]lhd ;Ddfghgs sfd kfPsf 5g\\ eGg\]
s\'/fdf cfZj:t aGgsf nflu ;/sf/n\] sfdbf/x¿ egf{ ug\]{ lgsfox?sf\]
oyf\]lrt cg\'udg u/\]g . ;/sf/L k\|ltaGwsf afah\'b To;sf\] ;xL cg\'udg
gx\'F+bf / bf\]ifLx¿nfO{ bl08t gul/F+bf sfdbf/ egf{ ug\]{ lgsfox¿n\]
e\"m7f cfzf / k\|nf\]egdf kf/L O/fsdf hah{:tL \>ddf nufP .

h\'nfO{ \# / h\'nfO{ @# df qmdz ;/sf/n\] ;+o\'Qm c/a Old/\]6\\;
;/sf/;F+u / sf\]l/of u0ftGq;F+u ;Demf}tfkqdf x:tfIf/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] .
tL ;Demf}tfkqx? \>d cfk\|jf;sf dfWodaf6 x\'g\] a\]rljvgsf\] hf\]lvd
Go\'gLs/0f ug\]{tkm{ pGd\'v lyP . cu:6 !@ df cGtl/d ;+;bn\] \>d egf{
ug\]{ lgsfonfO{ Ohfht lbg / Jojl:yt ug{ a}b\]l;s /f\]huf/ ljwos kfl/t
u/of\] .

ef/tdf Jofj;flos of}gsdL{sf ¿kdf sfd u/fPkl5 ;of}F dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf
:j}lR5s ¿kdf 3/ kms\]{ jf pgLx¿nfO{ p4f/ ul/of\] jf 3/ kmsf{Oof\] .
of}ghGo /f\]u jf Ifo/f\]uaf6 ;+qmldt ePkl5 w\]/} dlxnfnfO{ ef/tLo
j\]Zofnox¿af6 lgsfnf ul/of\] . clwsf+z To:tf dlxnfsf\] cj:yf Hofb}
gfh\'s /x\]sf\] lyof\] . :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ dfOtL g\]kfn / PaL;L
g\]kfnsf cg\';f/ j\]Zofnox¿af6 kms\]{sf jf kmsf{OPsf %) k\|ltzt
PrcfO{eLaf6 ;+qmldt ePsf lyP . dfgj a\]rlavglj?4 ;lqmo g\]kfnsf\]
;a}eGbf 7\"nf\] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dfOtL g\]kfnn\] a\]rlavgsf\] l;sf/
ag\]sf PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt dlxnf tyf ltgsf ;Gtfgsf nflu xl:k; ;\~rfng
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

t:s/x¿ ljz\]ifu/L g\]kfnL jf ef/tLox¿ lyP / pgLx¿sf\] ef/tl:yt
j\]Zofnox¿;F+u ;DaGw lyof\] t/ ufpF+x¿df aflnsfx¿sf\] vf\]hL ug\]{
etL{jfnx¿ g\]kfnL gful/s g} lyP . y\'k\|} 36gfdf cleefjs jf
cfkmGthgx¿n\] klg dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ of}g bf;Tjsf\] ahf/df laqmL
u/\] .

e\|i6frf/n\] klg dfgj a\]rlavgnfO{ an k\'¥ofPsf\] ljZjf; ul/Psf\] lyof\]
t/ ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n\] tL 36gfsf ;DaGwdf yf\]/} dfq 5fglag u/\]sf\] jf
bf\]ifLnfO{ sfg\'gadf\]lhd sf/afxL u/\]sf\] kfOPsf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\]
b\]zsf @\^ j6f lhNnfnfO{ a\]rlavgsf\] k\|d\'v ;\|f\]tsf ¿kdf klxrfg
u/\]sf\] lyof\] / tL lhNnfdf dfgj a\]rlavglj?4sf\] sfo{bn v8f u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . ljz\]ifu/L åGåsf sf/0f lj:yflkt ePsf dlxnf tyf o\'jf
a\]vlavgsf\] hf\]lvddf k/\]sf lyP .

a\]rlavgsf\] ;d:ofnfO{ k\|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;Daf\]wg ug{ ;/sf/;F+u ;\|f\]t
tyf ;+:yfsf\] sdL eO/x\]sf\] ;dodf ;/sf/n\] o;sf\] ;+of\]hg ug\]{
JolQm;lxt ;g @))! df u7g u/\]sf\] dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f
dGqfnocGtu{tsf\] Pp6f /fli6«o sfo{bnn\] a\]rljvgsf d\'4fsf af/\]df ;dGjo
ug\]{ cfkmgf\] sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof\] . cS6f\]j/ @))\^ b\]lv dlxnf,
afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnon\] k\"j{sf\] emfkf / klZrdsf\]
?kGb\]xLsf ;Ldf gfsfx?df a\]rljvg lgoGq0f;DaGwL kfOn6 k\|f\]h\]S6
;\~rfng u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

kLl8tx¿nfO{ k\'gM :yfkgf ug{ jf ;xof\]u ug{ :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;F+u
lgs6 /xL k\|x/L tyf dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnocGtu{tsf
clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ tflnd lbg ToxfF+ sfo{qmdx¿ lyP .

aL;j6f lhNnfdf k\|x/Lsf\] dlxnf ;\]nn\] dfgj a\]rlavg tyf 3/\]n\'
lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ cfjZos ;xof\]u k\|bfg ug{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;F+u
ldn\]/ sfd u¥of\] . kl/ro sfuhft / k\|j\]zdfu{ v\'nf ul/lbg\] ;t{df
cflwsfl/s ¿kdf x\'g\] e\|i6frf/sf ultljlwn\] b\]zsf ;Ldf If\]qx¿df
u}/sfg\'gL cfjthfjtnfO{ a9fjf lbof\] .

kLl8tx¿sf\] k\'gM:yfkgf, :jf:Yo x\]/rfx / sfg\'gL ;\]jfsf nflu ;/sf/n\]
u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+yfx¿nfO{ ;Lldt sf\]if k\|bfg u¥of\] . dlxnf, afnaflnsf
tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnon\] Jofj;flos of}gsdL{sf ¿kdf sfd ug{ ef/t k7fOPsf
36gf cTolws ePsf ul/a lhNnfx¿df /f\]huf/L tyf ;Lkd\"ns tflndsf\]
k\|fof\]hg u¥of\] . ;/sf/n\] kLl8tx¿sf clwsf/sf\] /Iff u¥of\] /
pgLx¿nfO{ kqmfp ug\]{, h\]n xfNg\] jf cGo sfg\'g pNn+3gsf\] u/\]sf\]
cf/f\]kdf d\'2f rnfpg\] h:tf sfd u/\]g .

;/sf/n\] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfx¿sf\] ;dGjodf dfgj
a\]rlavglj?4 :yfgLo, If\]qLo / /fli6«o:t/df hgr\]tgf cleofg ;\~rfng
u¥of\] t/ cfjZos k\|x/L tflnd tyf ;\|f\]tsf\] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;/sf/n\]
kof{Kt ah\]6sf\] Joj:yf ug{ ;s\]sf\] lyPg / cbfntdf klg wfGg} g;Sg\] u/L
ph\'/Lx¿ k/\]sf lyP . dfgj a\]lrlavgsf kLl8tx¿;Dd ;xof\]u k\'\'¥ofpg
;/sf/L sNof0fsf/L lgsfox¿n\] u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿;F+u ldn\]/ sfd u/\]sf
lyP .

a\]lrP/ 3/ kms\]{sf kLl8tx¿k\|lt x\]l/g\] ;f+:s\[lts b\[li6sf\]0f cS;/
u/\]/ gsf/fTds lyof\] . ToxfF+ a\]rlavg /f\]Sg sfo{/t %) j6feGbf a9L
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ lyP / tLdWo\] w\]/}n\] kLl8tx¿sf nflu k\'gM:yfkgf tyf
;Lkd\"ns tflnd k\|bfg u/\]sf lyP . ;/sf/sf\] Ohfht lnP/ w\]/} u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfn\] ;x/L If\]q, u\|fdL0f If\]q / ;Ldf If\]qx¿df a\]rlavglj/f\]wL
;Gb\]z tyf lzIff lkmF+hfpg krf{, sldS;, rnlrq, dGtAo sfo{qmdh:tf cleofg
;\~rfng u/\] .

dfOtL g\]kfnn\] ;Ldf If\]qx¿df a\]rlavgsf kLl8tx¿sf\] klxrfgsf nflu
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿;F+u ldn\]/ rf}sLbf/sf ¿kdf sfd ug{ k\'gM:yflkt ul/Psf
a\]rlavg kLl8tx¿nfO{ /fv\]sf\] lyof\].

ckfª\\u JolQmx¿

sfg\'gn\] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ¿kdf ckfª\\u JolQmx¿lj?4 e\]befj ug{df
k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] 5}g / /f\]huf/L, lzIff, :jf:Yo x\]/rfxsf\] kx\'F+r tyf
/fHosf cGo ;\]jfx¿df ckfª\\u JolQmx¿k\|lt e\]befj ePsf lyP . sfg\'gn\]
ejgx¿, oftfoft, /f\]huf/L, lzIff / /fHosf cGo ;\]jfx¿df clgjfo{ kx\'F+r
lbg\'kg\]{ efjgf af\]s\]sf\] 5 t/ tL Joj:yfx¿ sfof{Gjog ul/Psf lyPgg\\ .
ljz\]if lzIff sfo{qmdsf nflu ;/sf/L sf\]ifsf\] Joj:yf ul/Psf\] eP klg
;/sf/n\] To;sf\] k\|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog u/\]g g t ckfª\\u JolQmx¿sf\]
lxtdf agfOPsf sfg\'g g} nfu\" u¥of\] .

ckfª\\u JolQmx¿sf\] /Iffsf nflu dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfno
lhDd\]jf/ lyof\] . ckfª\\u JolQmx¿;F+u ldn\]/ sfd u/\]sf s\]xL u}/;/sf/L
;ª\\3;+:yfx¿n\] ;/sf/af6 sf\]if k\|fKt u/\]sf lyP t/ zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s
¿kdf ckfª\\u ePsf clwsf+z JolQmx¿ ;xof\]usf nflu cfkm\\g} kl/jf/dfly
lge{/ /x\]sf lyP .

/fli6«o÷hftLo cNk;ª\\Vos

sfg\'gdf :ki6 pNn\]v 5 ls cfkm\\gf\] efiff, lnlk / ;+:s\[ltsf\] /Iff tyf
;+j4{g ug\]{ clwsf/ k\|To\]s ;d\'bfodf lglxt /xg\]5 / cfkm\\gf\]
dft\[efiffdf k\|fylds txsf ljBfnox¿ ;\~rfng ug\]{ clwsf/ k\|To\]s
;d\'bfodf ;\'/lIft /xg\]5 . Jojxf/df ;/sf/n\] ljz\]if u/L oL Joj:yfnfO{
;b/ u¥of\] .

ToxfF+ &% eGbf a9L hftLo ;d\"xx¿ lyP h;n\] ljleGg k\|sf/sf %) j6f efiff
af\]Ny\] . b\'u{d If\]qx¿df ljBfnosf kf7x¿ / /\]l8of\] k\|;f/0fx¿ cS;/
u/L :yfgLo efiffsf lyP . ;x/L If\]qx¿df ljz\]if u/L g\]kfnL jf
cª\\u\|\]hL efiffdf dfq} lzIff lbOPsf\] lyof\] .

;/sf/n\] blntx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf x\]nTjsf\] efjgfn\] x\]g\]{ ;fdflhs
k\|yfnfO{ u}/sfg\'gL ePsf\] :ki6 pNn\]v u/L pk\]lIft hftsf dflg;x¿sf\]
clwsf/sf\] /Iff ug\]{ k\|of; u/\] klg tNnf\] hftsf dflg;x¿ / s\]xL hftLo
;d\"x? ljz\]ift dw\];L / hghftLdfly t/fO{ / b\]zsf\] klZrdL e\]usf
u\|fdL0f If\]qx¿df e\]befj ePsf lyP .

cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf z}lIfs ljsf;sf\] lj:tf/h:tf P\]ltxfl;s 9fFFrf,
ef}uf\]lns cjl:ylt / hftsf sfo{qmdx¿ ag\] . /fd\|f\] lzIff / pRr:t/sf\]
;d\[l4sf sf/0f ljz\]ifu/L sf7fdf8f}F+ pkTosfdf hftLo e\]befjsf\] k\|yf
la:tf/} x/fpg yfNof\] / lgDg ;dflhs tyf cfly{s :t/sf dflg;x¿sf nflu cj;/
j\[l4 eof\] . ;\'lzlIft, ;x/f\]Gd\'v hftsf dflg;x¿n\] /fhgLlt / jl/i7
k\|zf;s tyf ;}lgs kbx¿df cfkm\\gf\] jr{:j sfod u/\] / k\|fs\[lts
;\|f\]tx¿sf\] c;dfg ljt/0f klg pgLx¿s} lgoGq0fdf uof\] .

dlGb/ k\|j\]zdf /f\]snufot hftsf cfwf/df x\'g\] e\]befj cj}w xf\] t/
cS;/ u/L blntx¿nfO{ dlGb/df k\|j\]z ug{af6 /f\]s nufOPsf\] lyof\] .
e\]befj Go\'gLs/0f ug\]{ ;jfndf ;x/L If\]qx¿df k\|ult ePsf\] lyof\] .

cGo ;fdflhs b\'Jo{jxf/ / e\]befj

b\]zdf ;dlnª\\uLnfO{ ljz\]if ¿kdf ck/fw k\|dfl0ft ug\]{ sfg\'g geP klg
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ d\'VotM k\|x/Ln\] slxn\]sfxLF+ ;dlnª\\uLx¿nfO{
xtf\]T;fxL kfg\]{ b\'Jo{jxf/ u/\]sf lyP . dlxnf ;dlnª\\uL, k\'?if
;dlnª\\uL, lålnª\\uL / lxh8fsf\] ;dfhdfly x\'g\] e\]befjlj?4 nl8/x\]sf\]
Ps :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf An\' 8fodG8 ;f\];fO6L -aL8LP;\_ sf cg\';f/
dxfg cfGbf\]ngkl5 klg ;dlnª\\uLdfly x\'g\] HofbtL aGb ePsf\] lyPg .

h\'nfO{ / ;\]K6\]da/ dlxgfsf\] aLrdf k\|x/Ln\] kfF+r hgf lxh8f
JolQmx¿nfO{ sf7df8f}Faf6 kqmfp u/\]sf\] lyof\] . pgLx? ;a}nfO{ ;f\]xL jf
csf\]{ lbg l/xf ul/Psf\] lyof\] .

h\'nfO{ @ df g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] Ps hgf dlxnf k\|lzIffyL{nfO{ \$( lbg ;}Go
lx/f;tdf /fv\]/ l/xf u/\]sf\] lyof\] lsgsL pgL ;dln+uL lyOg . h\'nfO{ @)
df To:t} cleof\]u nufP/ \^) lbg ;}Go lx/f;tdf /flvPsL eQmL zf6nfO{ klg
g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] avf{:t u/of\] . eQmL ;f6n\] o;cl3 klg ;\]jfd\'Qm x\'g\'
cl3 rf/ jif{ g\]fnL ;\]gfdf ;\]jf ul/;s\]sL lyOg . jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf
klg pgsf\] d\'4f yftL /flvPsf\] lyof\] .

l8;\]Da/ @! df ;jf{\]r cbfntn\] cNk;+Vos t\]\>f\]ln+uLx? -dlxnf
;dlnª\\uL, k\'?if ;dlnª\\uL, lålnª\\uL, lxh8f / cGt/ln+uL\_ k\|fs\[lts
JolQmx? x\'g / pgLx?n\] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ sfg\'g tyf
;+oGqx?n\] kl/eflift u/\]sf ;a} k\|sf/sf clwsf/x? pkef\]u ug{ kfpg\' k5{
eGg\] lgb\]{zgfTds cfb\]z lbof\] .

v08 \^ M \>lds clwsf/

s= ;ª\\u7gsf\] clwsf/

sfg\'gn\] o\'lgog tyf ;ª\\u7g :yfkgf ug{ jf To;df cfa4 x\'g kfpg\]
:jtGqtf k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5 / oL clwsf/x¿ Jojxf/df nfu\" ul/Psf lyP .
sfg\'gn\] ljb\|f\]x, b\]zb\|f\]x jf To:tf k\|sf/sf ultljlw ;\~rfng ug{
;Sg\] cj:yfdf dfq} o\'lgogx¿dfly aGb\]h nufPsf\] lyof\] . 6«\]8
o\'lgogx¿n\] \>ldsx¿nfO{ ;ª\\ul7t ug{, ;fd\"lxs ¿kdf df\]ntf\]n ug{ /
\>ldsx¿sf\] lzIff sfo{qmd ;\~rfng ug{ k\|zf;sLo ;+/rgfx¿ v8f u/\]sf lyP
. ;a}eGbf 7\"nf tLgj6f 6«\]8 o\'lgog /fhgLlts bnx¿;F+u lgs6 lyP .

cf}krfl/s If\]qdf o\'lgogsf\] ;xeflutf s\'n sfo{bnsf\] emG8} !) k\|ltzt
/x\]sf\] lyof\] . ;g\\ !((@ sf\] \>d P\]g / ;g\\ !((@ sf\] 6«\]8 o\'lgog
P\]gn\] ljleGg lgod nfu\" u/\] klg ;/sf/n\] oL P\]gsf\] k\"0f{ sfof{Gjog
u/\]g . 6«\]8 o\'lgog P\]gn\] 6«\]8 o\'lgog, ;ª\\3;ª\\u7g / dxf;ª\\3
vf\]Ng\] k\|lqmofx¿sf\] :ki6 ls6fg u/\]sf\] 5 . pQm P\]gn\] o\'lgog tyf
clwsf/Lx¿dfly o\'lgogsf\] sfdsf\] l;nl;nfdf cfOkg\]{ d\'2fdfldnfx¿af6
arfpg, ;fd\"lxs dfu /fVg / 6«\]8 o\'lgogsf ;b:o tyf cfof\]hsx¿lj?4
e\]befj ug{ /f\]huf/bftfx¿dfly lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5 .

;/sf/n\] o\'lgogx¿nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\\3;ª\\u7gdf cfa4 x\'gaf6 k\|ltaGw
nufPsf\] lyPg . y\'k\|} 6«\]8 dxf;ª\\3 tyf o\'lgog ;ª\\u7gx¿n\] ljleGg
cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\\3;ª\\u7g;F+u ;DaGwg k\|fKt u/\]sf lyP .

d\] @))\^ df o\'4lj/fdsf\] 3f\]if0ff u/\]kl5 dfcf\]jfbL 6«\]8 o\'lgogn\]
\>ldsx¿nfO{ ;ª\\ul7t agfof\] / Jofj;flos k\|lti7fgx¿dfly HofbtLnfO\[
a9fof\] .

v= ;ª\\ul7t tyf ;fd\"lxs dfu /fVg kfpg\] clwsf/

\>d P\]gn\] ;fd\"lxs dfu /fVg kfpg\] clwsf/ lbPsf\] 5 t/ pQm P\]gsf
k\|fjwfgx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{ o;;DaGwL ;fª\\u7flgs ;+/rgfx¿ ag\]sf lyPgg\\ .
;/sf/n\] o\'lgogx¿nfO{ x:tIf\]k lagf :jtGqtfk\"j{s cfkm\\gf sfo{qmd
;rfng ug{ cg\'ldt lbPsf\] 5 . ;fd\"lxs dfusf ;Demf}tfn\] ;fª\\u7flgs
If\]qdf sl/a !) k\|ltzt lx:;f cf\]u6\]sf\] lyof\] t/ ;du\|df x8tfn ug{
gkfpg\] sfg\'gL Jojwfg / \>lds g\]tfx¿sf\] ckl/kSjtfsf sf/0f \>ldsx¿n\]
Jofks ¿kdf cfkm\\gf dfu /fVg ;s\]sf lyPgg\\ .

sfg\'gn\] cTofjZos ;\]jfdf cfa4 sd{rf/Lafx\]s cGonfO{ x8tfn ug{ kfpg\]
clwsf/ ;\'lglZrt u/\]sf\] 5 / sfdbf/x¿n\] To;sf\] pkof\]u klg u/\]sf lyP
. o\'lgogn\] zflGtdf vnn k\'¥ofPdf jf /fi6«sf\] cy{tGqnfO{ w/fzoL agfPdf
sfg\'gn\] ;/sf/nfO{ x8tfn /f\]Sg jf o\'lgogsf sfo{qmdx¿ :ylut u/fpg;Sg\]
clwsf/ lbPsf\] 5 . \>d P\]gadf\]lhd x8tfnnfO{ j}wflgs 7x/ u/fpg
o\'lgogsf \^) k\|ltzt ;b:on\] To;sf\] kIfdf uf\]Ko dtbfg ug\'{k5{ .
ToxfF+ lgof{tsf nflu eg\]/ tf\]lsPsf If\]qx¿ lyPgg\\ .

u= hah{:tL jf clgjfo{ \>ddfly lgif\]w

sfg\'gn\] afnaflnsfnufot ;a}df x\'g\] hah{:tL jf clgjfo{ \>ddfly lgif\]w
u/\] klg Jojxf/df eg\] o;sf\] kfngf gePsf\] kfOof\] .

\>d ljefun\] ;fgf cf}krfl/s If\]qdf hah{:tL \>dlj?4 sfg\'g sfof{Gjog
u¥of\] t/ pQm If\]qeGbf aflx/ eg\] To;;DaGwL sfg\'g sfof{Gjog ug{ ;s\]g
.

;/sf/n\] sfof{Gjog u/\]sf\] sd}of lgif\]wfTds P\]g ;dfg\'kflts x\'g
;s\]g / sd}ofx¿ - k\"j{ aw\'F+jf dhb\'/\_nfO{ ;dfhdf PsLs\[t u/fpg
cK7\\of/f\] ePsf\] lyof\] . cGt/f{li6«o \>d ;ª\\u7gsf cg\';f/ ;g\\ @))\$
;Dddf !@ xhf/ !( hgf d\'Qm sd}ofn\] hldg, ;ft xhf/ Ps ;o \$( kl/jf/n\]
3/ agfpgsf nflu eg\]/ sl/a Ps ;o \$# cd\]l/sL 8n/ -b; xhf/ g\]kfnL
?k}ofF+\_ / emG8} tLg xhf/n\] 3/ agfpgsf nflu sf7 k\|fKt u/\]sf lyP .
;/sf/n\] k\'gM:yfkgfsf\] kvf{Odf a;\]sf emG8} !\$ xhf/ d\'Qm sd}ofsf
nflu c:yfoL lzlj/x¿ v8f u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

3= afn\>d / Go\"g Hofnfsf\] /f\]huf/Ldf lgif\]w

sfg\'gn\] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ snsf/vfgfx¿df, vfgLx¿df jf cGo ;f7L k\|sf/sf
hf\]lvdk\"0f{ sfddf gnufOof\];\\ eGg\] rfxG5 / rf}wb\]lv ;f\]x\| jif{
pd\]/ ;d\"xsf afnsflnsfnfO{ ;ftfsf\] 5QL; 306f -Ps lbgdf 5 306f / Ps
xKtfdf 5 lbg laxfg 5 ah\]b\]lv 5 ah\] ;fF+emaLrsf\] ;dodf\_ sfo{cjlw
;Lldt u5{ . afn \>d P\]gn\] ko{6g, r\'/f\]6 jf un}F+rf sf/vfgfx¿ /
vfgLx¿h:tf cy{tGqsf cf}krfl/s If\]qx¿df dfq ;/f\]sf/ /fV5 .

afn\>d Pp6f uxg ;d:of xf\] ljz\]if u/\]/ 7\"nf\] cgf}krfl/s If\]q, h;df
ef/L af\]Sg\], yf\]qfsk8f l6Kg\] / lu§L s\'6\\g\]h:tf sfdx¿ k5{g\\ .
k\|of\]udf Nofpgsf nflu 5\'6\\ofOPsf ;\|f\]t;fwgx¿ ;Lldt lyP / u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx¿n\] 5AaL; nfv afnaflnsf h;df clwsf+z aflnsfx¿ \>dzlQmdf ;+nUg
ePsf cfF+sng u/\]sf lyP . pQm ;ª\\Vofdf ;q nfv afnaflnsf k\"/f ;do sfd
ub{y\] . s\[lif If\]qdf cg\'dflgt (% k\|ltzt afn\>ldsx¿ ;+nUg /x\]sf\]
kfOPsf\] lyof\] .

sfg\'gn\] gfaflnux¿sf\] /f\]huf/Lsf nflu Go\"gtd pd\]/ pBf\]udf ;f\]x\|
jif{ / s\[lif If\]qdf rf}w jif{ x\'g\'kg\]{ Joj:yf u/\]sf\]\] 5 / o;n\]
afnaflnsfsf nflu :jLsfo{ x\'g\] sfdsf ;t{x¿nfO{ dfq cg\'dlt lbG5 .
/f\]huf/bftfx¿n\] rf}wb\]lv ;f\]x\| jif{ pd\]/ ;d\"xsf ;a} \>ldsx¿sf\]
clen\]v /fVg}k5{ . sfg\'gn\] ltgLx¿sf nflu ljz\]if ;hfosf\] Joj:yf
u/\]sf\] 5, h;n\] sfg\'gsf\] pNnª\\3g u/\]/ afnaflnsfnfO{ /f\]huf/L
lbG5g\\ . t/ klg sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos kg\]{ lgodfjnLx¿ eg\] kfl/t
ul/Psf 5}gg\\ . ;g\\ @))\^ df ;/sf/n\] rf}wb\]lv ;f\]x\| jif{ pd\]/sf
afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu k\|ltdlxgf sl/a Ps xhf/ kfF+r ;o \^) g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+
-afO; cd\]l/sL 8n/ \_ Go\"gtd Hofnf / vfgf tyf cGo ;\'ljwfafkt
k\|ltdlxgf yk df\]6fdf\]6L tLg ;o #% g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+ -kfF+r cd\]l/sL 8n/
\_ x\'g\'kg\]{ Joj:yf u/\]sf\] 5 . df\]6fdf\]6L sfd ug\]{ afnaflnsfdWo\]
;f7L k\|ltzt ljBfno hfg\] u/\]sf lyP .

afn\>d;DaGwL lgod sfg\'g nfu\" u/fpg\] pQ/bfloTj af\]s\]sf\] \>d
dGqfno;F+u nfu\" u/fOPsf ldl\>t clen\]v lyP . dGqfnosfcg\';f/, ToxfF+
jif{e/Ldf /f\]huf/L kfPsf bzhgf \>d lg/LIfs lyP .

ª sfdsf :jLsfo{ ;t{x¿

;/sf/n\] b\'O{xhf/ b\'O{ ;o g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+ -rf}tL; cd\]l/sL 8n/\_ j\[l4
u/\]kl5 cbIf \>dsf nflu Go\"gtd dfl;s Hofnfdf ;g @))\^ kl5 a\[l4
ul/Psf\] 5}g . sfg\'gn\] cw{bIf \>ldssf nflu sl/a b\'O{ xhf/ b\'O{;o
krf; g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+ -#\^ cd\]l/sL 8n/\_, bIf \>ldssf nflu sl/a b\'O{
xhf/ tLg;o ;f7L g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+ -#& cd\]/LsL 8n/\_ / ctLbIf \>ldssf nflu
sl/a b\'O{ xhf/ kfF+r ;o krf; g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+ -\$) cd\]l/sL 8n/\_
Go\"gtd dfl;s Hofnf klg tf\]s\]sf\] 5 . vfgf / cGo ;\'ljwfx¿sf nflu yk
eQf hDdf Psxhf/ Ps ;o g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+ -;q cd\]l/sL 8n/\_ dfq lyof\] .

cJojl:yt ;\]jf If\]q / s\[lifdf ;w}h;f\] krf; k\|lt;teGbf sd Hofnf
x\'GYof\] . sfg\'gn\] xKtfsf\] Ps lbg labf;F+u} ;ftfdf \$\* 306f sfd ug{
cfXjfg u5{ / xKtfsf\] @) 306f;Dd yk ;do -cf\]e/ 6fOd\_ tf\]s\]sf\] 5 .
tL s\'g} Go\"gtd Hofnfx¿ klg sfdbf/ / p;sf\] kl/jf/sf\] Pp6f ;Eo hLjg:t/
lgjf{x ug{sf nflu kof{Kt lyPgg\\ .

;/sf/n\] Jofj;flos :jf:Yo tyf ;\'/Iffsf dfkb08x¿ tf\]s\]sf\] lyof\] /
sfg\'gn\] cGo ;\~rosf\]if / ;\'Ts\]/L ePafktsf ;\'ljwf l;h{gf u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . \>d sfg\'gsf\] sfof{Gjog dGb lyof\] lsgls ;/sf/n\] o;sf
k\|fjwfgx¿ nfu\" u/fpg k\|zf;lgs jf lgoGq0f ug\]{ ;+/rgfx¿ :yfkgf
u/\]sf\] lyPg . cfkm\\gf\] hflu/ u\'Dg\] 8/lagf sfdsf\] vt/gfs
kl/l:yltaf6 cfkm\"nfO{ cnu u/fpg\] clwsf/ sfdbf/x¿;F+u lyPg . sfg\'gn\]
\>d clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ c;\'/lIft kl/l:yltx¿sf\] ;\'wf/ ug{ /f\]huf/bftfx¿nfO{
cfb\]z lbg;Sg\] clwsf/ lbP klg ;\'/Iff dfkb08sf\] sfof{Gjog ePsf\] sd}
dfqfdf kfOPsf\] lyof\] .