**BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY**

**BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT**

**E898, BNL-2 RUN**

**FINAL REPORT**

**Marcelo E. Vazquez**

**NASA-BNL, Primary Liaison Scientist**

**DECEMBER 1996**

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

Summary 3

BNL-1 and BNL-2 Participants 4

BNL-2 New Participants 5

Participants Statistics 5

Run Dates 6

Beam Time Description 6

Beam Characteristics 7

BNL-2 Run Statistics and Incidents 8

BNL-2 Experimenters and Run Statistics 9

Description of Experiments 10

Results and Analysis 14

1\. Planning and Communications 14

2\. Safety Training and Dry-Runs 14

3\. Logistic Support 15

4\. Run Operations 17

a\. Run Schedule 17

b\. BNL-2 Run 18

c\. Dosimetry 20

d\. Cave Access 20

e\. Beam Monitoring 20

1997 BNL-3 Milestones and Suggested Dates 21

List of BNL-2 Participants 22

**SUMMARY**

During the Fall of 1996, a second group of radiobiological and physics
experiments were performed using the BNL's AGS in a beam of ^56^Fe ions
(Experiment 898, BNL-2). These experiments were part of NASA's Space
Radiation Health Program (SRHP) heavy ion radiobiology research program.
The run's primary goals were:

1\. The continuation of the use of the 1 GeV/nucleon iron beam for
biology and physics experiments employing a tested dosimetry system, and
an improved logistic support organization

2\. The establishment of the capability and protocols for experiments
using 0.6 GeV/nucleon iron beams.

A total of 18 groups participated in the BNL-2 run, 12 groups were
returnees from 1995's BNL-1, and 6 groups were new participants. These
groups represented 16 institutions from United States, and totaled 63
scientist. Their experiments were dedicated to the study of the physics
characteristics and the biological effects of ^56^Fe ion beams on
detectors, and a hierarchy of biological systems ranging from isolated
DNA, to cells, tissues and animals. A total of 1400 biological samples
were irradiated at the AGS A-1 beam line, employing 85 hours of beam
time.

In addition, 44 hours were used for physics experiments, and a total of
22 hours were necessary for beam characterization, dosimetry, and
calibration.

During the BNL-2 run, AGS provided iron beams with two energies: 1
GeV/nucleon for biology and physics, and as a test mode, 0.6 GeV/nucleon
mainly for physics and for a limited group of biology experiments. More
than 90% of the experiments and beam time was carried out during the
iron 1 GeV/nucleon run. In general, the users were able to complete
close to 100% of their experiment. In addition, for the first time, AGS
was able to deliver 0.6 GeV/nucleon iron beams. The run was successful,
demonstrating that this tune modality can be included in future run beam
manifests.

Several changes have been introduced for BNL-2 logistic support. Among
them, a new Medical Dept. liaison, a better coordination of laboratory
arrangements, the use of a general questionnaire to support logistics
requirements, a streamlined safety training, and an improved run
schedule organization and implementation. All these changes were
reflected in a better utilization of the available beam time considering
the increase of number of users (53.6%) and samples exposed (57%).
Finally, the growing maturity of the facilities, personnel supporting
the run, and users, was reflected in an increase beam availability, more
flexible problems solving strategies and the optimization of the beam
time allocated to the users.

**BNL-1 AND BNL-2 PARTICIPANTS**

+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| *     | **Scientist on   | **Affiliation**              | **Title** |
| *ID** | site**           |                              |           |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| **    | **M.             | **Lawrence Berkeley National | **P.I.**  |
| B1a** | Barcellos-Hoff** | Lab., CA**                   |           |
|       |                  |                              | **Res.    |
|       | **S. Ravani**    | **Idem**                     | As        |
|       |                  |                              | sistant** |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| **    | **P. Cooper**    | **Lawrence Berkeley National | **P.I.**  |
| B1b** |                  | Lab., CA**                   |           |
|       | **B. Rydberg**   |                              | **        |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     | Co-P.I.** |
|       | **M. Lobrich**   |                              |           |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     | **P       |
|       | **B. Fouladi**   |                              | ost-Doc** |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     |           |
|       | **E. Kwoh.**     |                              | **Grad.   |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     | Stud.**   |
|       |                  |                              |           |
|       |                  |                              | **Res.    |
|       |                  |                              | As        |
|       |                  |                              | sistant** |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| **    | **A.             | **Lawrence Berkeley National | **P.I.**  |
| B1c** | Kronenberg**     | Lab., CA**                   |           |
|       |                  |                              | **Senior  |
|       | **S. Gauny**     | **Idem**                     | Res.      |
|       |                  |                              | Ass.**    |
|       | **C.             | **Idem**                     |           |
|       | Cherbonnel**     |                              | **Po      |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     | st-Doc.** |
|       | **C. Wiese**     |                              |           |
|       |                  |                              | **Po      |
|       |                  |                              | st-Doc.** |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| **    | **G. Nelson,**   | **NASA-Jet Propulsion Lab.,  | **P.I**   |
| B1d** |                  | CA**                         |           |
|       | **W. Schubert**  |                              | **Co-I.** |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     |           |
|       | **D. Schranck**  |                              | **Co-I**  |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     |           |
|       | **R. Kern**      |                              | **Co-I**  |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     |           |
|       | **G. Kasarians** |                              | **Co-I**  |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     |           |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| **    | **J. Miller**    | **Lawrence Berkeley National | **P.I.**  |
| B1e** |                  | Lab., CA**                   |           |
|       | **L. Heilbronn** |                              | **Ph.D.,  |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     | Co-W**    |
|       | **C. Zeitlin**   |                              |           |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     | **Ph.D.,  |
|       | **K. Frankel**   |                              | Co-W**    |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     |           |
|       | **B. Ludewigt**  |                              | **Ph.D.,  |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     | Co-W**    |
|       | **R.P. Singh**   |                              |           |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     | **Ph.D.,  |
|       | **M Nyman**      |                              | Co-W**    |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     |           |
|       | **K. Holabird**  |                              | **Ph.D.,  |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     | Co-W**    |
|       | **W. Holley**    |                              |           |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     | **Ph.D.,  |
|       | **W.             |                              | Co-W**    |
|       | Schimmerling**   | **NASA, Headquarters, D.C.** |           |
|       |                  |                              | **Ph.D.,  |
|       | **T. Borak**     | **Colorado State University, | Co-W**    |
|       |                  | CO**                         |           |
|       | **S.             |                              | **Ph.D.,  |
|       | Rademacher**     | **Idem**                     | Co-W**    |
|       |                  |                              |           |
|       | **C. Stronach**  | **Virginia State University, | **Ph.D.,  |
|       |                  | VA**                         | Co-W**    |
|       |                  |                              |           |
|       |                  |                              | **Prof.,  |
|       |                  |                              | Co-W**    |
|       |                  |                              |           |
|       |                  |                              | **Grad.   |
|       |                  |                              | Stud.**   |
|       |                  |                              |           |
|       |                  |                              | **Prof.,  |
|       |                  |                              | Co-W**    |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| **    | **M. Vazquez**   | **Brookhaven National        | **P.I.**  |
| B1f** |                  | Laboratory, N.Y.**           |           |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| *     | **D. Chen\***    | **Los Alamos National        | **P.I**   |
| *B2** |                  | Laboratory, NM**             |           |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| *     | **T. Yang**      | **NASA-Johnson Space Center, | **P.I.**  |
| *B3** |                  | TX**                         |           |
|       | **H. Wu.**       |                              | **Ph.D**  |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     |           |
|       | **S. Yamada**    |                              | **Ph.D.** |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     |           |
|       | **K. George.**   |                              | **Tech.   |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     | Ass.**    |
|       | **A. Tavakoli**  |                              |           |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     | **Tech.   |
|       |                  |                              | Ass.**    |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| *     | **B. Rabin**     | **University Maryland at     | **P.I.**  |
| *B7** |                  | Baltimore MD**               |           |
|       | **J. Joseph.**   |                              | **Co-P.I  |
|       |                  | **USDA-ARS, MA**             | Tec       |
|       | **S. Erat**      |                              | hnician** |
|       |                  | **Idem**                     |           |
|       | **B.             |                              | **Tec     |
|       | Shukitt-Hale**   | **Idem**                     | hnician** |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| *     | **T.             | **Georgetown University      | **P.I.**  |
| *B8** | Jorgensen\***    | Medical C., DC**             |           |
|       |                  |                              | **Res.    |
|       | **P. Russell**   | **Idem**                     | Assoc**   |
|       |                  |                              |           |
|       | **M.             | **Idem**                     | **Ph.D.** |
|       | Moskovitch**     |                              |           |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| *     | **B.             | **Brookhaven National        | **P.I.**  |
| *B9** | Sutherland**     | Laboratory, N.Y.**           |           |
|       |                  |                              | **Sci.    |
|       | **P. Bennet**    | **Idem**                     | Res       |
|       |                  |                              | Assis.**  |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| **    | **L.             | **University of California,  | **P.I.**  |
| B10** | Lutze-Mann**     | CA**                         |           |
|       |                  |                              | **Res.    |
|       | **I. Samuels**   | **Idem.**                    | Assoc.**  |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+
| **TOT | **47 Scientist   |                              |           |
| AL:** | from 12          |                              |           |
|       | institutions; 12 |                              |           |
|       | PI s, 6 Co-PI, 3 |                              |           |
|       | post-docs, 2     |                              |           |
|       | graduate         |                              |           |
|       | student; 4       |                              |           |
|       | research         |                              |           |
|       | assistants, 2    |                              |           |
|       | research         |                              |           |
|       | associates, 14   |                              |           |
|       | Ph.D.s, 4        |                              |           |
|       | technicians.**   |                              |           |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------+-----------+

**BNL-2 NEW PARTICIPANTS**

+-------+----------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| *     | **Scientist on | **Affiliation**               | **Title**  |
| *ID** | site**         |                               |            |
+-------+----------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| **    | **T. Hei**     | **Columbia University, NY**   | **P.I.**   |
| B12** |                |                               |            |
|       | **R. Miller**  | **Idem**                      | **Staff.   |
|       |                |                               | Ass.**     |
|       | **C. Piao**    | **Idem**                      |            |
|       |                |                               | **Staff    |
|       |                |                               | Ass.**     |
+-------+----------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| **    | **E.           | **University of Maryland at   | **P.I.**   |
| B13** | Bal            | Baltimore, MD**               |            |
|       | cer-Kubiczek** |                               | **Ph.D.**  |
|       |                | **Idem**                      |            |
|       | **G.           |                               |            |
|       | Harrison**     |                               |            |
+-------+----------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| **    | **N. Metting** | **Pacific Northwest National  | **P.I.**   |
| B14** |                | Lab., WA**                    |            |
+-------+----------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| **    | **C.           | **Colorado State University,  | **P.I.**   |
| B15** | Waldren\***    | CO**                          |            |
|       |                |                               | **Ph.D.**  |
|       | **M.           | **Idem**                      |            |
|       | Lenarczyk**    |                               |            |
+-------+----------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| **    | **J. Lett**    | **Colorado State University,  | **P.I.**   |
| B16** |                | CO**                          |            |
|       | **G. Mariano** |                               | **Grad.    |
|       |                | **Idem**                      | Student**  |
|       | **A. Cox**     |                               |            |
|       |                | **USAF, Armstrong Laboratory, | *          |
|       |                | TX**                          | *Co-P.I.** |
+-------+----------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| **    | **A.           | **Bemidji State University,   | **P.I.**   |
| B17** | Lindgren**     | MN**                          |            |
|       |                |                               | **         |
|       | **G.           | **Idem**                      | Coworker** |
|       | Lindgren**     |                               |            |
|       |                | **Idem**                      | **         |
|       | **K. Beethun** |                               | Coworker** |
|       |                | **Idem**                      |            |
|       | **J. Edwards** |                               | **         |
|       |                | **Idem**                      | Coworker** |
|       | **L. Miranda** |                               |            |
|       |                |                               | **         |
|       |                |                               | Coworker** |
+-------+----------------+-------------------------------+------------+
| **TOT | **16           |                               |            |
| AL:** | Scientist,     |                               |            |
|       | from 6         |                               |            |
|       | Institutions,  |                               |            |
|       | 6 PI s, 1      |                               |            |
|       | Co-PI, 2       |                               |            |
|       | Ph.D.s, 1      |                               |            |
|       | graduate       |                               |            |
|       | student,**     |                               |            |
|       |                |                               |            |
|       | **6            |                               |            |
|       | coworkers.**   |                               |            |
+-------+----------------+-------------------------------+------------+

> **\* Not present during the run**

**PARTICIPANTS STATISTICS**

  ------------------------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
                                  **BNL-1,2**   **BNL-2**     **Total**

  **Principal Investigators**     **12**        **6**         **18**

  **Co-PIs**                      **6**         **1**         **7**

  **Ph.D.s**                      **14**        **2**         **16**

  **Post-docs**                   **3**         **-**         **3**

  **Res.Associates**              **2**         **-**         **2**

  **Res. Assistants**             **4**         **-**         **4**

  **Coworkers**                   **-**         **6**         **6**

  **Technicians**                 **4**         **-**         **4**

  **Graduate Students**           **2**         **1**         **3**

  **Total:**                      **47**        **16**        **63**
  ------------------------------- ------------- ------------- -------------

**Run Dates**

**Scheduled Actual**

Run Dates 10/21-28 10/21-30

First extraction 10/19-20 10/19 1630

(from AGS to swichtyard)

Tuned into cave 10/21 0800 10/21 0700

Beam delivered for Biology:

-   1 GeV/a ^56^Fe 10/21 0800 10/22 2200

> End run 10/28 0800 10/30 0630

-   0.6 GeV/a ^56^Fe 10/30 1015

> End of run 10/28 0000 10/30 2342

**Beam Time Description**

Total Clock Time (from 10/21 0700 to 10/30 2342) 232.7 hr.

Total beam time (idem, beam on) 198 hr.

Total beam-off time 31 hr.

Beam time for Biology:

1 GeV/a 81.74 hr.

0.6 GeV/a 3.26 hr.

Beam time for Physics:

1 GeV/a 40 hr.

0.6 GeV/a 4 hr.

Beam time for dosimetry, calibration, etc.

1 GeV/a 20 hr.

0.6 GeV/a 2 hr.

Cave access time (1400 samples x 2 min. aprox.) 47 hr.

Totals: 198 hr

**BEAM CHARACTERISTICS**

+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **^56^Fe beam**           | **600              | **1000             |
|                           | MeV/nucleon**      | MeV/nucleon**      |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **Fluence                 | **3.5 x 10^7^**    | **3.0 x 10^8^**    |
| (particles/cm^2^/spill)** |                    |                    |
|                           | **9.0 x 10^6^**    | **7.5 x 10^7^**    |
| **Maximum Extracted**     |                    |                    |
|                           | **5.4 x 10^5^**    | **6.0 x 10^5^**    |
| **On target**             |                    |                    |
|                           | **1.4 x 10^5^**    | **1.5 x 10^5^**    |
| **Minimum Extracted**     |                    |                    |
|                           |                    |                    |
| **On target**             |                    |                    |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **Spill rate**            | **30 spills/min**  | **30 spills/min**  |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **Spill length**          | **500 msec**       | **500 msec**       |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **Beam spot diameter**    | **7.5 cm**         | **7.5 cm**         |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **Beam spot size          | **None**           | **None**           |
| variation with the tune** |                    |                    |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **Beam cut off lenght.**  | **\<1%**           | **\<1%**           |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **Actual Energy**         | **580+/-10         | **1060+/-10        |
|                           | MeV/nucleon**      | MeV/nucleon**      |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **AGS energy dispersion** | **1.8 x 10^-4^ T = | **1.9 x 10^-4^ T = |
|                           | 0.18 MeV**         | 0.19 MeV**         |
| **Instantaneus**          |                    |                    |
|                           | **3.9 x 10^-3^ T = | **4.1 x 10^-3^ T = |
| **Sweep**                 | 3.9 MeV**          | 4.1 MeV**          |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **Actual LET**            | **173 keV/µm**     | **148 keV/µm**     |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **Dose/rate recorded.**   | **2 Gy/min (0.066  | **15 Gy/min (0.5   |
|                           | Gy/spill)**        | Gy/spill)**        |
| **Maximum**               |                    |                    |
|                           | **0.03 Gy/min      | **0.03 Gy/min      |
| **Minimum**               | (0.001 Gy/spill)** | (0.001 Gy/spill)** |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **Minimum dose exposure** | **0.001 Gy**       | **0.001 Gy**       |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **No of hours for beam    | **2**              | **20**             |
| characterization**        |                    |                    |
|                           |                    |                    |
| **and dosimetry**         |                    |                    |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+

BNL-2 Run Statistics and Incidents

  -------------- ----------- ----------- --------------- -----------------------------------
  **Date**       **Shift**   **HIP       **Non-HIP\***   **Remarks**
                             Avail.**                    

  **10/21/96**   **2**       **6**       **2**           **1 GeV Iron run start, beam tuned
                                                         into the cave**

                 **3**       **6**       **2**           **TBD**

  **10/22/96**   **1**       **7.5**     **1.5**         **TBD**

                 **2**       **8**       **0**           **No incidents.**

                 **3**       **8**       **0**           **Biology run start.**

  **10/23/96**   **1**       **5.5**     **2.5**         **Tandem failures.**

                 **2**       **2**       **6**           **Problems with the AGS and Booster
                                                         RF**

                 **3**       **4**       **4**           **Tandem power supply problems**

  **10/24/96**   **1**       **7.5**     **0.5**         **Beamstop failures.**

                 **2**       **6.5**     **1.5**         **TTB beamstop failure**

                 **3**       **6.5**     **1.5**         **TBD**

  **10/25/96**   **1**       **8**       **0**           **No incidents.**

                 **2**       **8**       **0**           **No incidents.**

                 **3**       **8**       **0**           **No incidents.**

  **10/26/96**   **1**       **7.5**     **0.5**         **Tandem sparked, A1 detector
                                                         check**

                 **2**       **8**       **0**           **No incidents.**

                 **3**       **7.5**     **0.5**         **TBD**

  **10/27/96**   **1**       **9**       **0**           **No incidents.** **Daylight
                                                         savings.**

                 **2**       **8**       **0**           **No incidents.**

                 **3**       **8**       **0**           **No incidents.**

  **10/28/96**   **1**       **8**       **0**           **No incidents.**

                 **2**       **5.5**     **2.5**         **Security fault with the AGS/HEBT
                                                         gate reset**

                 **3**       **7.5**     **0.5**         **High gain PUE's studies in the
                                                         Booster**

  **10/29/96**   **1**       **7.5**     **0.5**         **Tandem beamstop failure.**

                 **2**       **5**       **3**           **Setting up for 600 MeV Iron.**

                 **3**       **7.5**     **0.5**         **Power supply problems.**

  **10/30/96**   **1**       **8**       **0**           **1 Gev Iron run completed.**

                 **2**       **6**       **2**           **600 MeV Iron run start**

                 **3**       **7.5**     **0.5**         **BNL-2 run end.**

  **Totals:**    **29**      **198 hr.   **31 hr.        
                             (86.5%)**   (13.5%)**       
  -------------- ----------- ----------- --------------- -----------------------------------

\* Beam off due to AGS problems,

**BNL-2 EXPERIMENTERS AND RUN STATISTICS**

+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **   | **P      | **En   | **Beam | *     | *     | *     | **     |
| Exp. | rincipal | ergy** | Time   | *Beam | *Dose | *Dose | Number |
| ID** | Invest   |        | reque  | Time  | Range | /Rate | of     |
|      | igator** |        | sted** | u     | (c    | (     | S      |
|      |          |        |        | sed** | Gy)** | cGy/m | amples |
|      |          |        |        |       |       | in)** | (\*)** |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **       | **1    | **5**  | **3** | **3 - | *     | **48** |
| 1a** | Barcello | GeV**  |        |       | 160** | *50 - |        |
|      | s-Hoff** |        |        |       |       | 100** |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **       | **1    | **14** | *     | *     | **    | *      |
| 1b** | Cooper** | GeV**  |        | *15** | *50 - | 150 - | *195** |
|      |          |        |        |       | 10    | 1     |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 000** | 000** |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **Kron   | **1    | **20** | *     | **3   | *     | *      |
| 1c** | enberg** | GeV**  |        | *20** | 1.5 - | *30 - | *180** |
|      |          |        |        |       | 200** | 100** |        |
|      |          | **600  |        | **1** |       |       | **17** |
|      |          | MeV**  |        |       |       |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **       | **1    | **7**  | **6** | **    | **    | *      |
| 1d** | Nelson** | GeV**  |        |       | 468 - | 500 - | *134** |
|      |          |        |        |       | 4     | 1     |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 678** | 000** |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **       | **1    | **40** | *     | **-** | **-** | **-**  |
| 1e** | Miller** | GeV**  |        | *40** |       |       |        |
|      |          |        |        |       |       |       |        |
|      |          | **600  |        | **4** |       |       |        |
|      |          | MeV**  |        |       |       |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **V      | **1    | **2**  | **1   | **5 - | *     | **30   |
| 1f** | azquez** | GeV**  |        | .29** | 400** | *16 - | (      |
|      |          |        |        |       |       | 500** | 380)** |
|      |          | **600  |        | **0   | **5 - |       |        |
|      |          | MeV**  |        | .46** | 200** | **    | **14   |
|      |          |        |        |       |       | 3.2 - | (      |
|      |          |        |        |       |       | 8     | 160)** |
|      |          |        |        |       |       | 1.5** |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **   | **Chen** | **1    | **3**  | **0   | *     | *     | **20** |
| B2** |          | GeV**  |        | .60** | *50 - | *50 - |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 300** | 60**  |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **   | **Yang** | **1    | **6**  | **5   | *     | **    | **94** |
| B3** |          | GeV**  |        | .25** | *25 - | 100 - |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 400** | 400** |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **   | *        | **1    | **6**  | **    | *     | *     | **78** |
| B7** | *Rabin** | GeV**  |        | 4.5** | *10 - | *50** |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 100** |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **   | **Jor    | **1    | **3**  | **    | **0 - | **    | **11** |
| B8** | gensen** | GeV**  |        | 2.5** | 180   | 700 - |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 000** | 1     |        |
|      |          |        |        |       |       | 100** |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **   | **Suth   | **1    | **2**  | **1   | **0   | **    | **76** |
| B9** | erland** | GeV**  |        | .25** | .02 - | 0.3 - |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 80**  | 30**  | **15** |
|      |          | **600  |        | **0   |       |       |        |
|      |          | MeV**  |        | .25** | **    |       |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 0.1 - |       |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 80**  |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **Lutz   | **1    | **5**  | **4** | *     | **    | *      |
| 10** | e-Mann** | GeV**  |        |       | *50 - | 100 - | *100** |
|      |          |        |        |       | 100** | 200** |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **Hei**  | **1    | **6**  | **3   | **10  | *     | **52** |
| 12** |          | GeV**  |        | .25** | 300** | *16 - |        |
|      |          |        |        |       |       | 78**  |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **B.-Ku  | **1    | **3**  | **2   | *     | **    | **65** |
| 13** | biczek** | GeV**  |        | .35** | *50 - | 295** |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 250** |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **M      | **1    | **2**  | **2** | *     | *     | **48   |
| 14** | etting** | GeV**  |        |       | *10 - | *15 - | (      |
|      |          |        |        | **1   | 80**  | 80**  | 144)** |
|      |          | **600  |        | .55** |       |       |        |
|      |          | MeV**  |        |       | *     | *     | **1    |
|      |          |        |        |       | *20** | *35** | (44)** |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **W      | **1    | **6**  | **0   | **    | **    | **34** |
| 15** | aldren** | GeV**  |        | .75** | 8.5 - | 7.7 - |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 230** | 6     |        |
|      |          |        |        |       |       | 6.9** |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **Lett** | **1    | **4**  | **4** | **    | **1   | **33** |
| 16** |          | GeV**  |        |       | 100 - | -2**  |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 750** |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **B  | **Li     | **1    | **7**  | **6** | **4 - | **?** | *      |
| 17** | ndgren** | GeV**  |        |       | 100** |       | *165** |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| *    |          |        | **141  | **1   | **0   | **    | **     |
| *Tot |          |        | hr.**  | 29.19 | .02** | 0.3** | 1400** |
| al** |          |        |        | hr.** |       |       |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | *     | *     |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | *to** | *to** |        |
|      |          |        |        |       |       |       |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | **180 | **1   |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | 000** | 100** |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+

**(\*) Total number of specimens.**

**DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENTS**

**B1a PI: M. H. Barcellos-Hoff, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory**

**Title:** Ephitelial Transformation and Carcinogenesis

**Endpoint:**

1\) Recombination experiments of iron-irradiated BALB/c female mice
normal donor epithelial cells transplanted to irradiated or normal
recipient stromal fat pads (from same mice strain) was conducted. The
percentage of fat pad filled will be estimated and the type of outgrowth
will be classified as normal or abnormal.

2\) Radiation-induced changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM)
production in mammary gland of mice, will be examined qualitatively by
immunolocalization of ECM proteins in stromal and ephitelial cells as a
function of time post-exposure.

**B1b PI: P. Cooper, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory**

**Title:** DNA Damage and Repair in Mammalian Cells

**Endpoints:**

1\) DSB induction and Repair in: CHO hamster-human hybrid cells and
human fibroblasts

2\) Cell survival in human fibroblasts

3\) Transcription-coupled repair in human fibroblasts and XPG mutant
cell line.

4\) Induction of small and intermediate DNA fragments as a function of
dose in human fibroblasts

**B1c PI: A. Kronenberg, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory**

**Title:** Mutagenesis in Human and Rodent Cells

**Endpoints:**

1\) Quantification of mutations at the level of hprt locus, tk locus and
aprt locus, in irradiated cells (TK6 and WTK-1).

2\) Chemical modulation of DNA damage on mutation frequencies and
mutation spectra in the same cell lines.

3\) Dose-response relationships for cell killing and mutation induction
for subclones of TK6 and WTK1 cells that are suppressed for x-ray
induced apoptosis due to ectopic expression of bcl-2 or bclXL.

**B1d PI: G. Nelson, NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory**

**Title:** Studies of Mutations and Chromosomal Aberrations in the
Nematode *C. elegans*.

**Endpoints:**

1\) Chromosomal aberrations versus fluence responses of wild type, rad-8
and rad-9 mutants

2\) Mutation versus fluence relationships for a tester strain of
genotype nT1(IV)/dpy-13 IV; nT1(V)/ unc-46 V.

3\) Inactivation of developmental program assessed by measuring brood
size versus fluence in wild type and glp-4 mutants held at restrictive
and permissive temperature.

**B1e PI: J. Miller, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory**

**Title:** Small Angle Fragment Fluence Spectra at Depth in Cells and
Tissues

**Endpoints:**

Measure projectile fragment fluences as a function of LET for heavy ions
incident on biological systems and tissue equivalent targets of varying
thickness. The detectors used were: solid state detector stack
supplemented by plastic nuclear track detectors.

**B1f PI: M. Vazquez, Brookhaven National Laboratory**

**Title:** The effects of High Energy Heavy Ions on Neural Plasticity

**Endpoints:**

1\) Retinal ganglion cell neurite regeneration in culture in culture
(neurite density, elongation rate, explant area)..

2\) Neuronal viability in retinal explants.

**B2 PI: D. Chen, Los Alamos National Laboratory**

**Title:** Effect of Charged Particle Track Structure on Radiation
Mutagenesis

**Endpoints:**

1\) Measure cell survival and mutagenesis at the hprt locus in human
skin fibroblast.

2\) Molecular analysis of the radiation-induced human 6tgr mutants

3\) Analysis of premature chromosome condensation (PCC). The number of
PCC fragments ibn at least 25 cells per sample was scored.

**B3 PI: T C. Yang, NASA, Johnson Space Center**

**Title:** Quantitative Studies on the Oncogenic and Cytogenetic Effects
of Energetic Iron Particles in Mammalian Cells.

**Endpoints:**

1\) Determination of the cell survival and transformation frequency in
mouse embryonic cells (C3H10T1/2), and cytogenetic (chromosome
aberrations) studies in human fibroblast and lymphocytes.

2\) Determine the effects of DMSO on the induction of chromosome
damages..

**B7 PI: B. Rabin, University of Maryland Baltimore County**

**Title:** Effects of Exposure to Heavy Particles

**Endpoints:**

1\) Evaluation of the behavioral toxicity of iron particles in rats
using the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) test, motor behavior
parameters using the wire suspension task, and neurochemical endpoints
to 2.5 Gy of Iron ions..

2\) Determine the effect of exposure on striatal membrane fluidity and
the effects of cholesterol or s-adenosylmethionine pretreatment on
subsequent cholinergic enhancement of Dopamine release from striatal
slices.

**B8 PI: T. Jorgensen, Georgetown University**

**Title:** DNA Strand Breaks Produced in Mammalian Cells by Heavy Ion
Irradiation.

**Endpoints:**

1\) DNA strand break induction in logarithmically growing V79 cells.

2\) Effects of free radicals scavengers and repair measurements.

**B9 PI: B. Sutherland, Brookhaven National Laboratory**

**Title:** DNA Damage and Restoration in Mammalian Cells and Tissues

**Endpoints**:

1\) Measure induction of DSB in human DNA isolated in agarose and
cultured human and murine cells in agarose.

2\) Determination of repair kinetics.

**B11 PI: L. Lutze-Mann, University of California San Francisco**

**Title:** Molecular Analysis of HZE Damage in Transgenic Mice

**Endpoints:**

1\) Quantification of radiation-induced mutations in nondividing tissue
germ cells and stem cells from C57BL/6 transgenic mice.

2\) Determination of the nature of these mutations by RFLP

3\) DNA sequence analysis of recovered mutants.

4\) Determination of mutation frequency at the hprt locus in peripheral
blood.

**B12 PI: T. Hei, Columbia University**

**Title:** Cytogenetic and Neoplastic Transforming Effects of Heavy Ions
in Mammalian Cells

**Endpoints:**

1\) Determine the transformation stage of irradiated cells (BEP2D,
AGI522, MCF12, C3H10T1/2 and SHE) using the following endpoints: a)
growth kinetics, b) resistance to serum-induced terminal
differentiation, c) anchorage independent growth, d) tumorigenicity, and
e) metastasis.

**B13 PI: E. Balcer-Kubiczek, University of Maryland at Baltimore**

**Title:** Molecular Damage by 1 GeV/amu Fe Ions.

**Endpoints:**

1\) Characterize the gene transcriptional response of cultured human
cells (MCF-7) by measuring messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the p53,
wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 (WAF-1/CIP1) genes as a function dose
and time post-irradiation.

**B14 PI: N. Meeting, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory**

**Title:** The Effect of Heavy Ion Exposure on a Mechanism of Cell Cycle
Regulation.

**Endpoints:**

1\) Measure the subcellular localization of the cell-cycle regulatory
proteins cdc-2, cyclin B, weel, and cdc25 in mammalian cells (HeLa S3)
as a function of hit traversals.

2\) Correlation of these parameters with mitotic delay.

**B15 PI: C. Waldren , Colorado State University**

**Title:** HZE Radiation Genotoxicity in Cultured Mammalian Cells.

**Endpoints:**

1\) Define mutant spectra in S1^-^ mutants at 0.5 and 1 Gy dose level

**B16 PI: J. Lett, Colorado State University**

**Title:** Cell Cycle Responses of DNA Damage and Repair in L5178Y S/S
Murine Leukemic Lymphoblsts Exposed to ^56^Fe Ions.

**Endpoints:**

1\) Cell-cycle survival responses of S/S cell to iron exposures at 37°
C; 12 hr. at 24° C and then 37° C.

2\) Determine the DNA damage produced in supercoiled chromosomal loops
following iron ion irradiation.

**B17 PI: A. Lindgren, Bemidji State University**

**Title:** RBE of ^56^Fe on Rodent Lens Epithelia.

**Endpoints:**

1\) Determine the percentage of rodent (male Sprague Dowley rats) lens
epithelial cells that have micronuclei and the fraction of the late
anaphase to early telophase which shows abnormalities as a function of
dose and time after exposure.

**RESULTS AND ANALYSIS**

**1. Planning and Communications**

In order to plan and organize the BNL-2 run, several monthly
teleconferences were held during 1996. The description of the
teleconferences is the following:

1\. March 25

2\. May 6

3 July 1

4 July 26

5 August 26

6 September 27

7 December 9.

In addition, to these meetings, on September 17, an Experiment Readiness
Review (ERR) was held at Brookhaven National Lab., at Biology Dept.
During the meeting all the parties involved in the planning and
organization of the BNL-2 discussed the status of the run in all the
aspects of its organization. Several issues were identified and
discussed in order to improve the degree of readiness. From each
teleconference, a report was generated and distributed among the
participants, PIs, and managers of the program.

During the end of 1995 and the beginning of 1996, the NASA-BNL-Biology
www homepage was put on line
(http://bnlstb.bio.bnl.gov/www_root/webdocs/nasa/nasapage.htmlx). The
homepage describes the goals, characteristics and organization of the
program, and summarize the BNL-1 run.

**2. Safety Training and Dry Runs**

In August, September and October, 1996 a complete series of training
sessions and dry-runs were carried out in order to prepare the new BNL-2
users. As a consequence of the BNL-1 run experience, the training for
new participants was streamlined reducing the length of the lecture
sessions, eliminating or combining some courses and granting waivers
when appropriate. The definition and implementation of these changes was
carried out by the Primary Liaison Scientist (M. E. Vazquez), Medical
and AGS Dept. Safety and Training coordinators (E. Lessard, J. Bullis),
and S&EP Div. personnel (D. Atchison, B. Fortunato). A total of 22
scientists were trained in the following courses, which were a
pre-requisite for the dry-runs: a. Radiological Worker I (RW-1); b.
General Employee Training (GET), and c. AGS Ring and Cave Access
Training. The general outcome of the training was very favorable, with
100% success in all courses, and a considerable reduction in the time
spent in lectures.

All new BNL-2 groups underwent training by the execution of dry-runs,
consisting of familiarization with the facilities, a walk trough Bldg.
912, and a visit to the staging and target areas. There, the users
inspected the installations and discussed the general operations for the
actual run with M. Vazquez. Special attention was given to the sample
holder and optical bench configuration. Thereafter, each group proceeded
to simulate their run, timing the procedures. The use of the on-line
dosimetry system greatly improved the activities, since a very realistic
scenario could be reproduced. The result of this intensive training was
reflected in the new users run, which in general ended their actual runs
ahead of time and without major problems. The following is a list of
scientists and coworkers that completed the training described:

B1a S. Ravani

B1b C. Wiese

B1d G. Kasarians and R. Kern.

B1e W. Schimmerling and W. Holley

B3 S. Yamada

B8 M. Moskovich

B12 R. Miller and C. Piao

B13 E. Balcer-Kubiczek and G. Harrison

B14 N. Metting

B15 M. Lenarczyk

B16 J. Lett, A. Cox and G. Mariano

B17 A. Lindgren, G. Lindgren, K. Beethun, J. Edwards and L. Miranda.

**3. Logistic Support**

The organization and planning of the BNL-2 logistic support was carried
out by M. Vazquez and J. Gatley with the collaboration of K. Conkling,
B. Piatt, J. Bullis, M. Makar, D. Mallon, D. Maresca, M. Kershaw, J.
Gatz, D. Lazarus and W. McGahern. The organization involved resources
mainly from Medical Dept. and, to a lesser degree, from Biology and AGS
Depts..

Medical Department played a pivotal role in the accomplishment of this
complex task, under the leadership of its Chair Dr. N. Volkow and with
the tremendous work of J. Gatley, the new liaison scientist. J. Gatley,
in coordination with M. Vazquez, developed a system based on the BNL
Ground Support Requirement Document (GSRD). This document allowed them
to survey and identify the particular logistic needs of each group, and
match these requirements with the most adequate resources available.
This document was adopted after the BNL-1 run, and it is an adaptation
to the local characteristics of the current NASA's GSRD successfully
used for space shuttle missions. The liaisons held weekly meetings since
July, in order to process the information received from the users.
Medical Dept., then, identified and assigned several laboratories,
offices and general-purpose facilities to the run. After a careful
analysis of the users' needs and BNL resources, each group was assigned
an individual or shared facility. These arrangements were communicated
to the users before the run, with a specific response to the equipment
requirements and its backups. Several equipment were repaired and
certified for the BNL-2 run. In addition, the use of some of the shared
equipment (incubators and hoods) was scheduled among the users through
the run.

A total of 6 laboratories, 3 shared facilities (Animal Facility, Medical
Tissue Culture Facility and the Conference Room B), and 9 individual
offices was assigned and used in the run. One group (B14, N. Metting),
worked at the Biology Dept. using 1 laboratory and 1 office. To support
the computer and communication needs, several workstations (Mac and SUN)
were available. In general, each office-lab. has their own telephone
line. A FAX machine located in the Conference Room B was available 24 hr
a day.

A key role in the run was carried out by the Brookhaven Laboratory
Animal Facility (BLAF) at Medical Dept., which supported 4 groups that
used animals (mice and rats) in their experiments. Approximately 400
animals (150 mice and 250 rats) were taken care of by the facility under
the supervision of M. Kershaw. The personnel's work in providing
logistic support in this area was outstanding.

As contribution to the logistic support for BNL-1 run, the Biology Dept.
facilitated the use of its cesium source.. The source was employed by
two groups (B14 and B16) for the completion of a small set of satellite
low-LET irradiation. The experimenters used approximately 1 hour of
machine operations, and the activities were supervised by R. Satkulis
from Biology Dept.

As a consequence of the experience gained during the BNL-1 run, several
modifications were suggested and finally adopted in regard the
configuration and operational procedures at the staging area. Some of
the changes were: the relocation of phones, the incubator was serviced,
the access to the cell room was restricted, two monitors were installed
in each room, a large white board was positioned outside the physics
room, and the waste disposal procedures was streamlined. Overall, the
support for tissue culture and animal experiments was satisfactory.

**4. Run Operations**

**a. Run Schedule:**

The design, organization and implementation of the BNL-2 run schedule
was the responsibility of M. Vazquez. Several factors were taken into
account: 1) individual user beam request and biological sample handling
and processing constraints, 3) specific experimental design and beam
time distribution, and 4) organization of activities at the staging area
and Medical Dept..

The schedule design was based on the premises that a total of 141 hr. of
beam time were approved by the BNL's SACR for BNL-2 proposals. In
addition, AGS agreed to schedule 10 days of machine operations to
provide a full week dedicated to physics and biological experiments.
Despite the complexity inherent to accommodating 18 different groups
with different biological systems and their specific constraints (tissue
cultures to animals, different beam intensities and settings) AGS
machine operation uncertainties, etc., we were able to accommodate the
complete series of experiments planned. Nine groups split their
allocated beam time in several sessions, increasing the complexity of
the schedule and its coordination. For example:

B1b P. Cooper 4 sessions

B1c A. Kronenberg 4 sessions

B1d G. Nelson 2 sessions

B1e J. Miller 4 sessions

B1f M. Vazquez 2 sessions

B3 T. Yang 2 sessions

B9 B, Sutherland 2 sessions

B14 N. Metting 2 sessions

B 16 J. Lett 2 sessions

Several buffer-time periods were built-in each day, and one hour was
included for dosimetry per shift in order to maximize the schedule
flexibility, and to compensate any potential delays. In addition, the
physics group was able to rearrange their run schedule in order to cover
unexpected changes requested by the users or by machine failures. The
run schedule was updated weekly and daily before the run, and sometimes
by the hour during the run. Prints of the updated schedule were
distributed among the participants. The effort to try to keep and
distribute the daily changes in print caused a heavy workload, since
there is no secretarial help, and/or adequate computer support for the
task. A better system must be implemented such as a computer linked via
network to a monitor, in which the updated schedule can be displayed.

During the run, M. Vazquez, J. Gatley and J. Miller, held daily meetings
with the users in order to coordinate changes, report on the status of
the run, and discuss changes in the schedule. The meetings were held at
the Medical Dept., usually in the morning. Both liaisons, M. Vazquez and
J. Gatley, scheduled their activities in order to cover any contingency,
and both were available on-site around the clock during the run. In sum,
we have been able to accommodate all the planned experiments on time,
using less hours than originally requested, and ending the run on
schedule.

**b. BNL-2 Run**

Two tune modalities were used during BNL-2: 0.6 and 1 GeV/amu iron
beams. The first part of the run was dedicated to 1 GeV/amu iron tune
using the general same characteristics as in BNL-1. The change of
intensities was not a problem in this run, since the tuning for high to
low or low to high intensities was carried out with a minimum loss of
time and interruption of the operations.

The biology part of the run started with one and half shift delay due to
AGS machine failures, dosimetry and beam characterization. During the
first four days (10/21 to 10/25) the run operations were affected by
several machine failures common for a startup (Fig. 1). This initial
period was characterized by the disruption of several biological
experiments in which time and handling were critical factors. Common
problems were delays in the start of the experiment, or the interruption
of exposures within one experiment. The interruptions lasted between
several minutes and 2 hours. These incidents initially stressed the
users and the support personnel, but the use of backup samples, and the
collaboration between users and the physics group allowed the completion
of these experiments, despite the loss of some samples. On run day five,
the AGS machine began to stabilize, improving the operations and
continued in this mode for the rest of the run (Fig. 1).

> ![](media/image1.wmf){width="5.657638888888889in"
> height="4.276388888888889in"}

**Figure 1. BNL-2 beam availability**

The incidents reported above stressed the need to schedule time-critical
experiments away from the beginning of the run. Potentially, animal and
physics experiments could be schedule for this initial period.

At the end of BNL-2, iron beams were tuned to 0.6 GeV/amu in a test mode
for beam characterization and a small set of physics and biological
experiments. The transition between 1 to 0.6 GeV/amu tune was extremely
smooth. It was initiated before the 1 GeV/amu tune and reestablished
immediately after its end. The participants of this short run were:

B1c A. Kronenberg

B1e J. Miller

B1f M. Vazquez

B9 B. Sutherland

B14 N. Meeting

Overall, the beam was available 86.5% of the time, representing an 11%
increase of beam availability from BNL-1 (Fig. 2).

![](media/image2.wmf)

**Figure 2. BNL-1 and BNL-2 Beam availability**

**c. Dosimetry**

The staff coordinated by J. Miller provided 24 hours-a-day dosimetric
support for all the users. The physics team was integrated by: J.
Miller, R.P. Singh, C. Zeitlin, L. Heilbroin, W. Holley, M. Nyman, B.
Ludewigt, T. Borak, and some support from AGS operations. The dosimetric
system used during BNL-1 was employed with some improvements. This year,
the problem of beam on/off control that occurred during the 95' run was
corrected, and all the beam control operations were carried out from the
trailer, facilitating substantially the users operations. R.P. Singh
modified the dosimetry software in order to add information to the
summary sheets, and also readouts of the outer rings for users.

**d. Cave Access**

The structure and organization of the cave access system was under the
responsibility of AGS operations, BNL EH&S (Ed Lessard) and LBNL.
Basically, the same system employed during BNL-1 was adopted for BNL-2.
The system was based on the permanent presence of a health physicist
stationed outside the gate. In addition, the installation of monitors in
the culture and animal rooms allowed the users a direct visual contact
with the gate and the interior of the cave, greatly improving run
activities.

**e. Beam Uniformity Monitoring:**

The assessment of beam uniformity was carried out using ionization
chamber readings and densitometry of exposed x-ray films. The processing
of the exposed films was carried out by J. Gatley at Medical Dept.
throughout the run. It is worth noting that the use of the x-ray
technique was not generalized, perhaps because some users were not well
aware of the necessity of beam monitoring and sample set-up checking, as
well as the absence of a system and protocols as an integral part of the
run operations. For BNL-3, a more integrated approach will be
recommended in order to improve this matter.

An interesting optical device was employed in a test mode by J.
Sutherland from BNL for on-line, real-time beam uniformity monitoring.
This system was employed in support of B. Sutherland's experiments and
its results are not known yet. The system apparently worked very well,
leaving open the question of the future availability of its data for all
the users, or if similar systems can be used in a more generalized way.

**List of personnel that participated in the planning, organization and
execution of BNL-2 run**

**[BNL Management:]{.underline}**

-   Associate Director for High Energy and Nuclear Physics**: Tom Kirk**

**[Scientific Advisory Committee:]{.underline}**

-   **Betsy Sutherland** (Chair), BNL

-   **Victor Bond,** BNL

-   **Richard Setlow,** BNL

-   **Mike Fry,** ORNL

-   **Les Braby,** PNL

-   **Charles Geard,** Columbia University

**[AGS:]{.underline}**

-   Department Head: **Derek Lowenstein**

-   Experimental Planning and Support Head: **Philip Pile**

-   Accelerator Division Head: **Thomas Roser**

-   Accelerator Physicist lead by: **Leif Aherns**

-   Tanden Group leader: **Peter Thiesberg**

-   A3 beam line instrumentation responsible: **I-Hung Chiang**

-   AGS Radiation Safety Committee: **Ken Reece**

-   AGS Experimental Safety Committee: **Ed Lessard**

-   AGS Control Section lead by: **Don Barton**

-   Liaison Engineering Group lead by: **Al Pendzick**, and specially
    **William McGahern**

-   E898 liaison physicist: **Don Lazarus**

-   Mechanical Service Technicians led by: **Fred Kobasiuk**

-   Survey Group led by: **Frank Karl**

-   Beam Service Technicians led by**: Paul Valli**

-   Electronic Service Technicians led by: **Bill Anderson**

-   AGS Instrumentation Group led by: **Pete Stillman**

-   AGS Main Control Room and Operations led by: **Pete Ingrassia**

-   Health Physics Group led by: **Chuck Schaefer**

-   AGS Electricians led by **Bill Softye**

-   AGS Riggers led by: **Nick Cipolla**

-   Carpenter and Welder Support Service and Technical Support led by:
    **Roger Hubbard**

**[Medical Department:]{.underline}**

-   Dept. Chair: **Nora Volkow**

-   E898 Medical Liaison: **John Gatley**

-   Safety and Training and Building manager: **Jim Bullis**

-   Administration: **Deborah Maresca,** **Darcy mallon, B. Coughlin and
    Donna Russo**

-   Animal Care Facilities: **Maryann Kershaw**

-   Tissue Culture Facility manager**: Michel Maker**

-   Technical support**: Katherine Conckling, By Piatt**

-   Property Representative**: Robert Brown and Gina Flippen**

-   S & E. P**.: Mark Linsley and Robert Colichio**

[**Biology Department**:]{.underline}

-   Chairman: **William Studier**

-   **Richard Setlow**

-   **Betsy Sutherland**

-   **Paula Bennet**

-   **John Sutherland**

-   E898 Primary Liaison Scientist: **Marcelo E. Vazquez**

-   Administration: **Bonnie** **McGahern**

-   Cesiun Source Manager: **Richard Satkoulis**

**[Safety & Environmental Protection Division:]{.underline}**

-   Manager: **William Fortunato**

-   **Dean Atcheson**

-   **George Rundlett**

**[NASA]{.underline}**

-   **Walter Schimmerling**

    **[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,]{.underline}**

-   **Jack Miller**

-   **Lawrence Heilbronn**

-   **Cary Zeitlin**

-   **Bernhard Ludewigt**

-   **R. P. Singh**

-   **Mark Nyman**

-   **W. Holabird**

-   **W. Holley**

    **[Colorado State University]{.underline}**

-   **Tomas Borak**

-   **Steve Rademacher**