**RESULTS FROM ESA'S SMART-1 MISSION**

Bernard H. FOING & SMART-1 Project Team, SMART-1 Science & Technology
Working Team

\(1\) Senior Research Coordinator, ESA SCI-S, ESTEC PB 299, 2200 AG
Noordwijk, NL, Bernard.Foing@esa.int

**Summary and SMART-1 spacecraft:** The SMART-1 spacecraft has been
launched on 27 Sept. 2003, as an Ariane-5 auxiliary passenger and
injected in GTO Geostationary Tranfer Orbit. Thanks to the successful
electric propulsion navigation, the SMART-1 spacecraft reached lunar
capture on 17 November 2004, and has spiraled down to reach on 15 March
2005 a lunar orbit 400-3000 km for a nominal science period of six
months, with 1 year science extension. We shall give the overview of
SMART-1 travel from launch, lunar capture, lunar science orbit to impact
on 3 September 2006.

SMART-1 is a 3-axis stabilized spacecraft consisting of a 1-cubic-meter
central box and two solar array wings. The complete spacecraft weighed
370 kg at launch. The central structure is designed around a xenon fuel
tank with a capacity of 49 liters, containing 82.5kg Xenon at launch.
Primary propulsion was performed by the PPS-1350-G Hall Effect Thruster.
SMART-1 cost including development, launch and operations has been 110
Meuro.

**SMART-1 payload and lunar science results:** We shall also present the
highlights of lunar science results from SMART-1 payload, featuring many
innovative instruments and advanced technologies with a total mass of
some 19 kg. A package of three spectroscopy and imaging instruments has
performed science at the Moon:

\- AMIE (Advanced-Moon micro-Imager Experiment) is a miniature high
resolution (35 m pixel at 350 km perilune height) camera, equipped with
a fixed panchromatic and 3-colour filter, for Moon topography and
imaging support to other experiments \[7,10,11\]. The micro camera AMIE
is providing high-resolution CCD images of selected lunar areas. It
includes filters deposited on the CCD in white light + three filters for
colour analyses, with bands at 750 nm, 900 nm and 950 nm. AMIE images
provide a geological context and colour or multi-phase angle complement.
Lunar North and South pole repeated high resolution images have been
obtained, giving a monitoring of illumination to map potential sites
relevant for future exploration.

\- D-CIXS (Demonstration of a Compact Imaging X-ray Spectrometer) is
based on novel detector and filter/collimator technologies, and is
performing the first global mapping of the lunar elemental composition),
by looking at X-ray fluorescence in the 0.5--10 keV range \[4,5,9\]. It
is supported in its operation by XSM (X-ray Solar Monitor) which also
monitors coronal X-ray emission and solar flares.

\- SIR (Smart-1 Infra-Red Spectrometer) is operating in the 0.9-2.6 μm
wavelength range and is carrying out mineralogical survey of the lunar
crust. SIR has high enough spectral resolution to separate the pyroxene
and olivine signatures in lunar soils, on central peaks, walls, rims and
ejecta blankets of large impact craters, allowing for stratigraphic
studies of the lunar crust.

**SMART-1 overall planetary science, operations and coordination:**
SMART-1 science investigations include studies of the chemical
composition of the Moon, of geophysical processes (volcanism, tectonics,
cratering, erosion, deposition of ices and volatiles) for comparative
planetology, and high resolution studies in preparation for future steps
of lunar exploration \[8,12\].

The Experiments are run according to illumination and altitude
conditions during the nominal science phase of 6-months and 1 yr
extension, in elliptical Moon orbit. The planning and co-ordination of
the Technology and science experiments operations is carried out at
ESA/ESTEC (SMART-1 STOC). The data archiving is based on the PSA/PDS
Standard.

**References:** Links: <http://sci.esa.int/smart-1>/,
<http://sci.esa.int/ilewg/> , \[1\] Foing, B. et al (2001) Earth Moon
Planets, 85, 523. \[2\] Racca, G.D. et al. (2002) Earth Moon Planets,
85, 379. \[3\] Racca, G.D. et al. (2002) PSS, 50, 1323. \[4\] Grande, M.
et al. (2003) PSS, 51, 427. \[5\]  Dunkin, S. et al. (2003) PSS, 51,
435. \[6\] Huovelin, J. et al. (2002) PSS, 50, 1345. \[7\] Shkuratov, Y.
et al (2003) JGRE 108, E4, 1. \[8\] Foing, B.H. et al (2003) AdSpR, 31,
2323. \[9\] Grande, M. et al (2007) PSS 55, 494, \[10\] Pinet, P. et al
(2005) P& SS, 53, 1309. \[11\] Josset J.L. et al (2006) AsSpR 37, 14.
\[12\] Foing, B.H. et al (2006) AdSpR, 37,6.