**FINAL REPORT**

**A Vascular Plant Inventory for Four Parks of the**

**National Capital Network**

by

Katharina A. M. Engelhardt

Appalachian Laboratory

University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science

301 Braddock Road

Frostburg, MD 21532

May 18, 2005

TIC#: D-58

**Table of Content**

##### Report and accompanying written and digital data

1\. Report

Acknowledgements.........................................................................2

Abstract.......................................................................................3

Introduction..................................................................................3

Methods....................................................................................\...5

A.  Plot
    placement..................................................................5

B.  Sampling
    framework..........................................................8

C.  Data collection and
    handling.............................................\...10

D.  Data verification and accuracy
    assessment................................10

E.  Coucher collection and
    identification......................................10

F.  Data
    analysis..................................................................11

Results and
Discussion....................................................................12

A.  Antietam National
    Battlefield...\..........................................\...15

B.  Monocacy National
    Battlefield.............................................18

C.  Wolf Trap Farm
    Park......................................................\...19

D.  Rock Creek
    Park..............................................................19

References........................................................................\.........\...21

Appendices

A. Species list for Antietam National
Battlefield.........\..................\...23

B. Species list for Monocacy National
Battlefield............................36

C. Species list for Wolf Trap Farm
Park.......................................47

D. Species list for Rock Creek Park (Palisades and Glover
Archbold)....52

2\. Sensitive data
issues.............................................................................57

3\.
Metadata...........................................................................................58

4\. Field
definitions..................................................................................62

5\. Description of CD
content......................................................................65

**Acknowledgements**

Thanks to Chris Frye, botanist at the Maryland Department of Natural
Resources Heritage Program, and Linda Lyon, professor and ethnobotanist
at Frostburg State University, for their collaboration and leadership in
various parts of the project. Much credit needs to go to the student
interns who collectively and in some cases individually spent 1000's of
hours in the field and lab identifying plants in 2003 and 2004: Brad
Eichelberger, Sam Tessel, Tara Schoenwetter, Herb Clark, and Adam
Kavalier. Thanks to staff at Antietam National Battlefield (Debbie
Cohen, Joe Calzarette, Ed Wenschoff), Monocacy National Battlefield
(Andrew Banasik), Wolf Trap Farm Park (Duane Erwin), and Rock Creek Park
(Sue Salmons), and the Center for Urban Ecology (Mikaila Milton, John
Sinclair, Marcus Koenen, and Shawn Carter) for guidance and support. The
project was supported by NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program
cooperative agreements \# 1443CA309701200 (ANTI, MONO, WOTR inventories)
and #H309701200 (ROCR inventory) administered through the Chesapeake
Watershed Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit (CB-CESU).

![](media/image1.png){width="5.533333333333333in"
height="5.695833333333334in"}

**1. FINAL REPORT**

**Abstract**

The Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service has a
goal of documenting at least 90% of all species supported by each
National Park. Towards this goal, we conducted a vascular plant
inventory at four National Parks in the National Capital Region:
Antietam National Battlefield (ANTI), Monocacy National Battlefield
(MONO), Wolf Trap Farm Park (WOTR), and portions of Rock Creek Park
(ROCR; Palisades and Glover Archbold). Plot sampling protocols developed
by the North Carolina Vegetation Survey combined with walk-throughs were
used to survey vegetation. Surveys were conducted from spring to fall in
2003 and 2004. We documented 529 species at ANTI, 438 at MONO, 197 at
WOTR and 187 at ROCR. Species lists were carefully reviewed. A total of
156 collected vouchers were mounted for archiving. Species accumulation
curves and Jackknife estimates suggest that more than 90% of all species
were documented at each park.

# Introduction

> Basic ecological information is still lacking for many of the Capital
> Region's National Parks. However, such information is crucial in
> documenting trends in the flora and fauna, such as changes in species
> distributions or non-native species invasions, and in understanding
> and maintaining the natural goods and services National Parks can
> provide. Therefore, the primary goal of this project was to conduct an
> inventory of vascular plants for Antietam National Battlefield,
> Monocacy National Battlefield, Wolf Trap Farm Park, and portions of
> Rock Creek Park. In doing so, the inventory provides park managers
> within the network, NPS policy-makers, and the public with
> scientifically sound information on the nature and status of the
> vascular plants within the three selected parks. Specifically, the
> objectives of the vascular plant inventories were:

1.  to document through existing, verifiable data and scientifically
    > sound field investigations the presence of at least 90% of
    > vascular plant species in Antietam National Battlefield, Monocacy
    > National Battlefield, Wolf Trap Farm Park, and the Palisades and
    > Glover Archbold portions of Rock Creek Park (ROCR); and

2.  to describe species richness of phylogenetic groups that have been
    > underrepresented in previous inventories, such as Cyperaceae and
    > Poaceae.

To accomplish these objectives, we used a combination of plot
inventories and walk-throughs to document locally common and rare
species in a diversity of habitats.

> Vascular plant surveys are needed for Antietam National Battlefield
> (ANTI), Monocacy National Battlefield (MONO), Wolf Trap Farm Park
> (WOTR) and the Palisades and Glover Archbold portions of Rock Creek
> Park (ROCR). These parks contain a diversity of habitat types, ranging
> from relatively pristine to disturbed lands, and support several rare,
> threatened and endangered vascular plant species (Heritage &
> Biodiversity Conservation Program 1995, 1997, 1998). While vascular
> plant inventories have already been conducted for ANTI and MONO by
> biologists with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources Heritage
> & Biodiversity Conservation Program, the focus of these inventories
> was on rare, threatened, and endangered species and on unique habitat
> types, such as limestone woods. The current inventory provides a
> balance to these efforts by directing inventory efforts towards
> habitats and groups of vascular plant species underrepresented in past
> efforts. By doing so, a comprehensive inventory of vascular plants was
> established that contributes to the National Capital Region's (NCN)
> primary goal of documenting 90% of all vascular plants in each of the
> NCN's parks.

***Antietam National Battlefield***

ANTI is managed as a cultural resource to commemorate a famous Civil War
battle. However, the park is also an important ecological resource,
providing a diversity of habitats that can potentially support a high
number of species and supply important ecosystem services to humans,
such as cleaning the water supply for human consumption, recharging
ground-water, and providing recreational enjoyment. Some of the most
noteworthy natural features are 1. the highly diverse limestone forest
(Snavely Ford Woods) that supports several rare, threatened or
endangered species, 2. karsts and caves, 3. several springs and
ephemeral streams throughout the park, and 4. a relatively extensive
riparian forest along Antietam Creek. Antietam Creek is a tributary to
the Potamac River, which flows into the Chesapeake Bay. Because riparian
forests can decrease nutrient and sediment input to streams and rivers,
the riparian forests at ANTI are valuable in enhancing the water quality
of the Potomac watershed.

> Several inventories have been conducted at ANTI, including 1. a
> wildflower inventory along Snavely Ford Trail (National Park Service
> brochure); 2. a vascular plant inventory of Snavely Ford Woods
> interior and edge (Langdon 1985); 3. a walk-through inventory by the
> Maryland Department of Natural Resources (Heritage & Biodiversity
> Conservation Programs 1997) directed predominantly at the interior of
> Snavely Ford Woods and rare, threatened, and endangered species; and
> 4. a walk-through inventory of all habitats by C. Lea (National Park
> Service *unpublished data*) in 2002 in an effort to create a digital
> map of vegetation types. The 1997 inventory documented 59 woody
> species, including 9 non-native species, and 236 herbaceous species,
> including 58 non-native species, that are or are potentially invasive.
> Seven species of concern were observed.

***Monocacy National Battlefield***

Similar to ANTI, MONO is also primarily managed as a cultural resource;
however its natural resource is equally fascinating and important to
understand from a conservation/protection interest. Of interest is
especially 1. the diverse limestone woods (Brooks Hill), 2. several
streams (ephemeral and perennial) throughout the property, and 3.
riparian forests along Bush Creek and the Monocacy River. Similar to
Antietam Creek, the Monocacy is a tributary to the Potamoc River; thus,
riparian forests are important in enhancing the water quality of the
streams flowing through and out of MONO.

> Several inventories have been conducted at MONO, including 1.
> walk-through inventories by the Maryland Department of Natural
> Resources (Motivans 1995, Heritage & Biodiversity Conservation
> Programs 1998) directed at the Bush Creek tract and at the limestone
> and floodplain woods of Brooks Hill, respectively, and 2. a
> walk-through inventory of all habitats by C. Lea (National Park
> Service *unpublished data*) in 2002 in an effort to create a digital
> vegetation map. The 1995 inventory observed 53 species (11 non-native)
> in a field edge plant community, 71 species (5 non-native) in an
> upland forest plant community, 24 species (4 non-native) in a
> floodplain/riparian community, and 18 species (4 non-native) in a
> scour bar community. The 1998 inventory documented 46 woody species (5
> non-native) and 172 herbaceous species (43 non-native in the limestone
> forest and floodplain habitats alone. The inventory also documented 15
> woody species (6 non-native) and 13 herbaceous species (6 non-native)
> at field edges and along fence rows; however, many of the graminoid
> species were lumped. An additional 18 woody and herbaceous species
> were documented in a unique and small plant community at the edges of
> a rock scree. Eight species of concern were found in the habitats
> inventoried.

***Wolf Trap Farm Park***

WOTR is the smallest of the four parks for which natural resources are
the least known. Its 53 ha are managed for the performing arts and are
comprised of rolling hills and woods as well as a performing arts stage.

#### **Rock Creek Park**

Rock Creek Park is located in metropolitan Washington DC and is
therefore heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities and the growth of
invasive non-native plants. Palisades Park supports 55 acres of
deciduous forest, lawn and successional meadow. Glover Archbold Park,
including Battery Kemble, supports 183 acres of deciduous forest,
successional meadow and a riparian zone along Foundry Branch, which is a
stream that traverses the park along its long axis. Rock Creek Park has
been intensively sampled for vascular vegetation. A detailed vegetation
map has been created and 20x20m plots have been surveyed throughout the
park. The flora is therefore relatively well known but managers are
concerned that rare, threatened and endangered species may have been
overlooked.

# Methods

### Plot placement

Before the project began, we stratified ANTI and MONO into two general
habitat types, forested upland habitat and habitat associated with
streams and ponds. Both habitat types ranged from severely disturbed
(e.g., woodlots surrounded by agriculture, grazed streams, plowed
fields) to pristine (e.g., larger tracks of interior forest such as
Snavely Ford Woods at ANTI and Triangle Woods at MONO). Agricultural
fields were not surveyed except in wet depressions and along streams.
Using digital orthophotos and digital stream and topographical layers,
we randomly picked, using ArcView, 102 locations for plots at ANTI and
70 plots at MONO. Some of these plots were not sampled because a) the
plots were placed in scenic easements not under NPS ownership; b) the
habitat or vegetation was destroyed, as was the case for some plots
placed along streams in plowed agricultural fields or for plots that
were placed in areas treated by the NPS invasive plant management team;
and c) some plots were redundant and were taken out to allow more time
for walk-throughs. We sampled 78 plots at ANTI (40 in 2003 and 38 in
2004) and 50 plots at MONO (33 in 2003 and 17 in 2004). Plots from 2003
were resampled in 2004 to identify previously flagged species. Plot
locations for ANTI and MONO can be found in Figures 1 and 2,
respectively.

**NOTE: Figures 1 & 2 were removed from this version of the report to
prevent the distribution of plot locations where rare or endangered
species were found.**

Plots at WOTR and the Palisades and Glover Archbold portions of ROCR
were placed in representative habitats of the park. We used a map of
WOTR to place 5 plots in upland and wet areas. The vegetation map
developed and available for ROCR was used to place 4 plots in
representative vegetative communities. Only four plots were inventoried
to place greater emphasis on walk-throughs, a preference voiced by the
natural resources manager of ROCR. Digital maps showing habitat layers
and plot locations are not available for WOTR and ROCR and are therefore
not included in this report.

***Sampling framework***

A scientifically-sound sampling framework is crucial in understanding
the distribution and abundance of vascular plants. Specifically, we
established a sampling protocol that allowed us to document at least 90%
of vascular plant species in each park. This was accomplished by
sampling at various spatial scales within each major habitat type (Peet
et al. 1998) and then using species-area curves to evaluate completeness
of the inventories in different habitat types and in every park. We also
placed special emphasis on graminoid communities because this group of
species is typically species rich, but is often undersampled in
inventories. While rare, threatened or endangered species were noted
during all parts of the inventory, a directed and intensive search for
these species was not conducted owing to previous excellent efforts in
documenting such species at ANTI and MONO. We noted the presence of
non-native species during all parts of the inventory, but did not
conduct a special inventory on this group of species owing to ongoing
efforts by NPS's Exotic Plant Management Team.

We adopted the vascular plant sampling protocol employed by the North
Carolina Vegetation Survey (Peet et al. 1998). This method is highly
effective because it is transferable between vegetation types, is
flexible, scale transgressive, appropriate for long-term studies,
compatible with other methodologies (e.g., Whittaker 1960,
Braun-Blanquet 1964, Daubenmire 1968), and is easy to learn. It is now
widely used by the U.S.D.A Forest Service and The Nature Conservancy
(Peet et al. 1998).

The sampling unit was a 10X10m (0.01ha) quadrat. Multiple quadrats were
combined to form a large, more representative sample area. Typically, 10
quadrats were placed in a 20 X 50m rectangle, representing a 0.1ha
homogeneous area (Figure 3). Four of the 10 quadrats were intensively
sampled by establishing nested subquadrats: 0.1 X 0.1m (0.01m^2^), 0.32
X 0.32m (0.1m^2^), 1.0 X1.0m (1m^2^), 3.16 X 3.16 m (10m^2^). Nested
subquadrats were placed in two corners per intensively sampled quadat,
where each nested subquadrat shares the same corner (Figure 3). Presence
of each species was recorded for each subquadrat, quadrat, and sample
area. Surveys were alternated among parks with no more than 10 days
spent continuously at one park.

> **Figure 3.** Sampling design adopted from Peet et al.
> (1998)![](media/image2.wmf){width="5.531944444444444in"
> height="4.6930555555555555in"}

The corners of each module and the entire plot were temporarily marked
with flags until project completion. Some agricultural plots (4) were
not marked with flags because plowing or mowing would have frequently
disturbed flags. The beginning and end of each flagged plot were
georeferences at the centerline using a highly accurate global
positioning system unit (Trimble). Elevation was recorded at the same
time. Coordinates were differentially corrected to increase precision
and accuracy. Slope, aspect, and orientation (compass direction of the
center line standing at the beginning of the plot and looking towards
the end) of each plot were recorded using compass and clinometer.

Walk-throughs were also conducted to document species richness not
captured by focusing on plots. Walkthroughs were conducted every day
when walking between plots; however, full-day walkthroughs were also
conducted several times during the field season 2004.

#### **Data collection and handling**

We transferred field data first into an Excel spreadsheet and then into
Access spreadsheets for queries. All species identifications were linked
to species-specific numbers (TSN). We checked for correct spelling and
for synonym problems (only names accepted by USDA were used, except for
recent changes in Carex nomencalture that are incorrect in ITIS) and
identified all duplicate identifications within a plot. The correctness
of species ids was checked throughout the fieldseasons using collected
vouchers or revisiting flagged species in the field. Chris Frye,
Maryland state botanist, reviewed all species lists at completion of the
inventory.

Data collection and handling followed procedures developed by the Sierra
Nevada Network National Park Service (2001) and focussed on the
following: 1. building relatedness among data sets through standardized
field forms, site and event codes, and habitat measures; 2. ensuring
that all important field data are documented using appropriate metadata
standards; 3. assuring accurate implementation of appropriate sampling
methods and data collection protocols; 4. establishing measurable
minimum standards for collected data; and 5. independent verification of
data transcription.

Standardized field forms were used to ensure compatibility among data
sets for all inventories in the four parks. Standardized event and site
codes were developed and used throughout the study. A standardized
habitat worksheet documented the different habitat strata encountered
during the inventories. Field data sheets showing the raw data are
included in the final report.

### Data verification and accuracy assessment

Data verification is the process of comparing digital data in databases
with the original field form data. All investigators were required to
complete quality control assessments that compare a representative
sub-sample of data on field forms to the digital data entered from the
field forms. Quality control assessments were done in triplicate to
ensure accuracy of the data transcription. Copies of all field data
sheets with a digital data dictionary describing individual fields are
provided.

Another source of error is incorrect field interpretation. To ensure
identification accuracy, experts in identifying particularly challenging
groups of species, such as Carex, Poa, and Bromus, validated voucher
specimens for accuracy. Prior to both field seasons, Chris Frye (state
botanist, Maryland Department of Natural Resources) instructed all
project personnel on grass and sedge identification in the lab and the
field and proper collection and preservation of vouchers. The National
Arboretum accepted to be the final depository of all vouchers (K.
Conrad, *personal communication*).

### Voucher collection and identification

Vouchers of vascular plant species observed during the surveys are
extremely valuable to science because they can document the occurrence
of species despite changes in taxonomy, and can contribute to evaluating
and monitoring changes in species and genetic diversity. However,
inventories should serve to preserve the integrity of communities rather
than adversely affect them. These considerations, along with curatorial
costs and storage requirements, were considered in developing the
voucher policy for the proposed inventory.

Species that could not be identified on-site were either flagged or
collected for later identification. When few individuals of the species
were apparent or when flowers were needed for positive identification,
species were flagged. Those species that were abundant and easily
identified in the field without doubt (e.g., *Rosa multiflora*,
*Glechoma heteraceae*, *Alliaria petioloata*, *Duchesnia indica*) were
not collected because the field with georeferenced plot locations is the
best voucher depository for such species. Common species that were hard
to identify in the field but could potentially be identified under a
scope (e.g., Carex spp.) were collected and pressed. Vouchers that
pressed well were later mounted and labeled. Because grasses and sedges
are two types of vascular plants that are typically harder to identify,
Chris Frye, the Maryland state botanist and a collaborator on the
project, offered a two-day workshop at the beginning of each season to
focus on grass and sedge identification. He and Dr. Linda Lyon, a
faculty at Frostburrg State University, also helped throughout the
season with particularly hard species.

Voucher preparation followed guidelines outlined in 36 CFR and the
Museum Handbook. NPS Management Policies, NPS 77, Natural Resources
Management Guidelines, and Director's Order 24 for Museum Collections
were also followed for collection of vouchers. Vouchers were processed
and stored at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental
Science's Appalachian Laboratory (UMCES-AL) and then deposited at the
National Arboretum for best storage and curatorial arrangements that
will ensure long-term maintenance and access. All vouchers collected on
NPS lands, regardless of the final repository, are the property of NPS.

Enough plant material was collected to cover one 11X17 inch herbarium
sheet. Roots were taken, disturbing the remaining plants as little as
possible. Seedheads were taken when available because many grasses,
sedges and rushes are most reliably identified by their inflorescence.

Specimens were protected from drying or wilting before placing them in a
plant press. When dry, vouchers were placed in a freezer to minimize
invertebrate damage to dried specimens and then placed back into a
press.

### Data analysis

The inventory is deemed to be complete when species richness reaches an
asymptote as area sampled (or effort) increases (Krebs 1999, Rosenzweig
2000). This is done using species accumulation curves for all the
species identified within modules. Number of species within each module,
plot, habitat type and park were estimated using first- and second-order
Jacknife procedures in PCOrd. These methods take a random subsample of
all quadrats surveyed within each vegetation plot and within each
habitat to develop measures of variance in species richness among sites
(Krebs 1999) and an evaluation of how adequate the sample size is to
capture 90% of all vascular plant species. Species-area curves were also
developed for individual plots inventoried in 2003 to evaluate whether
size of plots accurately represent the habitat it was placed in. If so,
the species-area curve should reach an asymptote at the plot scale.

# Results and Discussion

Species richness in plots represented the species richness of the
overall habitat they were placed in well. Species-area curves of
individual plots showed an asymptote at the plot scale (Figures 4-6).

**Figure 4.** Species are curves of 4 plots at Antietam National
Battlefield placed in areas dominated by agriculture and adjacent to a
stream. Note that y-axes differ among plots. Error bars are ±1 STE

## 

**Figure 5.** Species area curves of plots at Antietam National
Battlefield placed in upland habitats in Westwoods. Plot 72 does not
show an asymptote because a fallen tree covered half of the intensive
modules, effectively changing the homogeneity of the plot. Error bars
are ±1 STE

**Figure 6.** Species area curves of plots at Antietam National
Battlefield placed in interior forest (plots 21 and 22) of Snavely Ford
Woods and in the floodplain of Antietam Creek (plots 80, 81, 97, and 98)
in Snavely Ford Woods. Note that y-axes differ among plots. Error bars
are ±1 STE

## 

##  

## Antietam National Battlefield

We identified 529 vascular plant species at ANTI (Table 1 and Appendix
1). Eighty-three percent of the species were found within plot
boundaries and the rest (17%) in the vicinity of plots or in
walkthroughs. Species accumulation curves (Figure 7) and estimates of
total number of species using first and second order jackknife estimates
(Table 1) show that the ANTI inventory is more than 90% complete. Across
all plots, 91% and 86% of the first and second order jackknife
estimates, respectively, were observed within plots. The 92 additional
walkthrough species bridge the gap between estimated and observed
species richness.

**Figure 7.** Species accumulation curves ("Average number of species";
ascending plot) and estimates of similarity ("Average distance";
descending plot) for species documented in plots at Antietam National
Battlefield, Monocacy National Battlefield, Wolf Trap Farm Park and Rock
Creek Park. Dotted lines represent confidence intervals. Graphs were
generated in PCOrd.\
![](media/image9.wmf){width="6.6409722222222225in"
height="4.4534722222222225in"}

**Table 1.** Summary of results and evaluation of the completeness of
the four inventories conducted at Antietam National Battlefield (ANTI),
Monocacy National Battlefield (MONO), Wolf Trap Farm Park (WOTR) and the
Palisades and Glover Archbold portions of Rock Creek Park (ROCR).

  ---------------------------- --------- --------- ------------- -------------
                               ANTI      MONO      WOTR          ROCR

  \# plots inventoried         78        50        5             4

  2003                         40        33        0             0

  2004                         38        17        5             4

  ag plots                     6         12        0             0

  upland plots                 49        20        3             4

  riparian plots               23        18        2             0

                                                                 

  \# observed species          529       438       197           187

  all plots                    437       325       86            71

  ag plots                     52        169       0             0

  upland plots                 332       205       71            71

  riparian plots               281       186       50            0

  walkthroughs                 92        113       111           116

  1991 inventory^1^            47        60        0             0

                                                                 

  Predicted all plots                                            

  1^st^ order jackknife        479       378       112           89

  2^nd^ order jackknife        506       403       123           95

  Predicted ag                                                   

  1^st^ order jackknife        183       205       No            No
                                                   analysis^3^   analysis^3^

  2^nd^ order jackknife        193       221       No            No
                                                   analysis^3^   analysis^3^

  Predicted upland                                               

  1^st^ order jackknife        392       233       No            No
                                                   analysis^3^   analysis^3^

  2^nd^ order jackknife        404       242       No            No
                                                   analysis^3^   analysis^3^

  Predicted riparian                                             

  1^st^ order jackknife        316       202       No            No
                                                   analysis^3^   analysis^3^

  2^nd^ order jackknife        352       217       No            No
                                                   analysis^3^   analysis^3^

                                                                 

  \% complete^2^                                                 

  all observed species         110, 104  116, 109  176, 160      210, 197

  all plots                    91, 86    86, 81    77, 70        80, 75

  ag plots                     28, 27    82, 76    No            No
                                                   analysis^3^   analysis^3^

  upland plots                 85, 82    88, 85    No            No
                                                   analysis^3^   analysis^3^

  riparian plots               89, 80    92, 86    No            No
                                                   analysis^3^   analysis^3^
  ---------------------------- --------- --------- ------------- -------------

^1^ \# species that were not found in the current inventory compared to
a previous inventory of rare threatened and endangered species lead by
R. Wiegand at ANTI and MONO.

^2^ first and second entries in each cell are based on first and second
order jackknife estimates, respectively.

^3^ Plots were too few to develop separate species accumulation curves
on different habitat categories.

When exploring agricultural (plots in agricultural areas next to streams
or wet depressions), riparian and upland plots separately, riparian
plots appear the most completely inventoried, followed by upland plots
and agricultural plots. Species accumulation curves are only reliable
when the surveyed areas are relatively homogeneous. This is not the case
even when breaking all plots into three general habitat categories
(agriculture, riparian, upland). The agriculture habitat type included
plowed fields and grazed areas next to streams. These two management
regimes support different species. Hence, surveys of the agriculture
habitat type appear to be rather incomplete even though weedy species
found in those habitat types should be well represented in the
inventory.

We compared our species list to a species list developed by Richard
Wiegand in the 1997 survey of Snavely Ford Woods (Heritage &
Biodiversity Conservation Programs 1997) of rare, threatened and
endangered species. We did not document 47 of the 282 species documented
by the 1997 inventory owing to differences in survey design, goals, and,
perhaps, differences in weather. A rare, threatened and endangered
species survey focuses predominantly on unique habitats that support a
diversity of species, whereas our survey was broad and encompassed
common and rare habitats. Also, our inventory was conducted during two
wet years where the lush vegetation or high water of Antietam Creek may
have obscured some vegetation. The likelihood of the 47 species still
existing at ANTI is very high and the species are therefore included in
the final species list (Appendix 1) under a separate "Wiegand" category.
This effectively increases the number of vascular plant species found at
ANTI to 576 species. NPS may also consider including species found in
some of the other recent surveys conducted at ANTI, such as the Chris
Lea surveys for vegetation mapping. The NPSpecies list may not be
reliable enough in its current form to be consulted.

The most abundant species at ANTI were *Celtis occidentalis* (found in
74 out of 78 plots), *Rosa multiflora* (74 plots), *Lonicera japonica*
(74 plots), and *Alliaria petiolata* (74 plots). Three out of these four
species are non-native.

No federally rare, threatened or endangered species were documented at
ANTI. However, 15 species of concern were documented ranging from State
Endangered to present on the State Watchlist for Maryland (Table 2).
Specific locations of the species are not included here owing to data
sensitivity.

**Table 2.** Species of concern observed at Antietam National
Battlefield in 2003 and 2004.

## 

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## 

## 

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## 

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## 

## 

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## 

## 

## 

## 

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## Monocacy National Battlefield

We identified 438 species at MONO (Table 1, Appendix 2). 326 species
(74%) were inventoried within the boundaries of the 50 plots, 113
species (26%) in the vicinity of the plots and in walkthroughs
throughout MONO. A rare, threatenend and endangered species inventory of
MONO (Heritage & Biodiversity Conservation Programs 1998) found 60
species that we did not find. If those species are added to the MONO
species list (Appendix 2), the overall species count for MONO is 498
species. Similar to ANTI, the species found by the 1998 inventory but
not by us is likely due to differences in survey design, inventory goals
and wet weather in 2003 and 2004. The likelihood of the 60 species still
being present at MONO today is high.

Species accumulation curves (Figure 7) and estimates of total number of
species using first and second order jackknife estimates (Table 1) show
that the MONO inventory is more than 90% complete. Across all plots, 86%
and 81% of the first and second order jackknife estimates, respectively,
were observed. The 113 additional walkthrough species bridge the gap
between estimated and observed species richness.

Similar to the ANTI inventory, riparian plots appear the most completely
inventoried, followed by upland plots and agricultural plots (Table 1).
The agricultural plots are more completely inventoried at MONO than in
ANTI reflecting a greater number of plots placed in agricultural areas
and more homogeneous habitat among agricultural areas. Hence, species
accumulation curves are more reliable.

The most abundant species at MONO were *Alliaria petiolata* (47 out of
50 plots), *Toxicodendron radicans* (42 plots), *Celtis occidentalis*
(41 plots), *Polygonum caespitosum* (41 plots), *Oxalis stricta* (38
plots), and *Parthenocissus quinquefolia* (38 plots). Two of these six
species are non-native.

No federally rare, threatened or endangered species were documented at
MONO. Only one State Rare species (*Carex molesta*, S1 rank) was
documented in a walkthrough. Other species of concern reported by the
1998 inventory (Heritage & Biodiversity Conservation Programs 1998) are
likely still present at MONO but were not observed owing to high water
in 2003 and 2004 (*Arabis shortii*; State Watchlist) or not visiting
specific habitats at specific times of the year (*Erigenia bulbosa*,
*Delphinium tricorne*, both on State Watchlist).

## Wolf Trap Farm Park

Because the park is so small and supports a variety of unique habitats,
more emphasis was placed on walkthroughs than plot surveys. We
identified 197 species at WOTR (Table 1, Appendix 3). Forty-four percent
of the species were documented within the boundaries of 5 plots and 56%
were observed in walk-throughs. The species accumulation curve developed
for all plots at WOTR suggest that the species list developed solely
from the plot data is 70-77% complete. Adding the walkthrough species
bridges the gap between observed and estimated species richness such
that the 90% inventory target was reached. In fact, calculations
(Table 1) suggest that more than 100% of the species were found, which,
of course, is not possible. This number is an artifact of the low number
of plots used to estimate species richness at the park level. Because
WOTR supports a variety of habitats, more species were found in
walkthroughs than species accumulation curves based on plots could have
reliably predicted. Nevertheless, the plot data combined with the
walkthroughs suggest that the inventory is indeed thorough and complete.

The most abundant species at WOTR were *Viburnum dentatum* (5 out of 5
plots), *Liriodendron tulipifera* (5 plots), and *Acer rubrum* (5
plots). All of these species are native. In fact, only 32 of the 197
species (16%) were non-native, which is by far the lowest percentage of
non-native species in the four surveyed parks (27% non-native species at
ANTI and MONO, 26% at ROCR).

No federal or state listed species were documented.

[Palisades and Glover Archbold (Rock Creek Park)]{.underline}

Palisades and Glover Archbold Parks were visited throughout the summer
and fall 2004 and in spring 2005 to document species richness throughout
the growing season, similar to the surveys conducted at the other three
parks. We identified 187 species in the Palisades and Glover Archbold
portions of ROCR (Table 1, Appendix 4). Most of the species (62%) were
documented in walkthroughs because management of the park requested the
use of walkthroughs. The species accumulation curve calculated using the
four sampled plots show that species documented within plot boundaries
represent 75-80% of the estimated species richness in the park.
Walkthrough species bridges the gap between observed and estimated
species richness. Similar to calculations at WOTR, the low number of
plots used in the estimation of species richness overestimates
completeness of the inventory. Nevertheless, plot data combined with
walkthrough data suggest that the inventory is thorough and complete.

The most abundant species at ROCR were *Arisaema triphyllum* (4 out of 4
plots), *Fagus grandifolia* (4 plots), *Hedera helix* (4 plots),
*Lindera benzoin* (4 plots), *Liriodendron tulipifera* (4 plots),
*Prunus serotina* (4 plots) and *Viburnum dentatum* (4 plots). No
federal or state listed species were documented during the survey
period.

## REFERENCES

Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie. Springer-Verlag, Inc., New
York.

Crawley, M. J. 1987. What makes a community invasible? *In:*
[Colonization, succession and stability]{.underline} (A. J. Gray, M. J.
Crawley, and P. J. Edwards, eds.). Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Pages 429-453.

Daubenmire, R. 1968. Plant communities: a textbook of synecology. Harper
and Row, New York. 300p.

Frye, C. T. and C. Lea. 2001. Atlas and annotated list of *Carex*
(Cyperaceae) of Maryland and the District of Columbia. The Maryland
Naturalist 44:41-108.

Heritage and Biodiversity Conservation Programs. 1997. Antietam National
Battlefield: Natural areas inventory for rare, threatened and endangered
plants and selected animals with management recommendations. Final
Report submitted to the National Park Service by the Maryland Department
of Natural Resources. 67pp.

Heritage and Biodiversity Conservation Programs. 1998. Monocacy National
Battlefield: Natural areas inventory for rare, threatened and endangered
plants and selected animals with management recommendations. Final
Report submitted to the National Park Service by the Maryland Department
of Natural Resources. 51pp.

Krebs, C. J. 1999. Ecological methodology. Second edition.
Benjamin/Cummings, New York, New York. 620pp.

Motivans, K. 1995. Vegetation and aquatic survey of the Bush Creek Tract
with emphasis on rare, threatnened, and endangered species of plants and
freshwater mussels. Final Report submitted to the National Park Service
by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Heritage Program
Program. 30pp.

Peet, R. K., T. R. Wentworth, and P. S. White. 1998. A flexible,
multipurpose method for recording vegetation composition and structure.
Castanea 63:262-274.

Randall, J. M. 1996. Weed control for the preservation of biological
diversity. Weed Technology 10:370-383.

Rhoads, A. F. and W. M. Klein, Jr. 1993. The Vascular Flora of
Pennsylvania: Annotated Checklist and Atlas. American Philosophical
Society, Philadelphia, PA.

Rosenzweig, M. L. 2000. Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge
University PressCambridge, UK.

Sierra Nevada Network Working Group. 2001. Biological Inventory Plan:
The Sierra Nevada Network National Park Service. National Park Service.
80pp.

Stohlgren, T. J., K. A. Bull, Y. Otsuki, C. A. Villa, and M. Lee. 1998.
Riparian zones as havens for exotic plant species in the central
grasslands. Plant Ecology 138:113-125.

Vitousek, P. M., C. M. D'Antonio, L. L. Loope, M. Rejmanek, and R.
Westbrooks. 1997. Introduced species: a significant component of
human-caused global change. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 21:1-16.

Whittaker, R. H. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and
California. Ecological Monographs 30:279-338.

Appendix 1. Identity and nativeness of species found at Antietam
National Battlefield. Table also includes unique numbers for each
species (TSN) and the number of times each species was encountered in 78
inventoried plots (Count). If the species was encountered immediately
outside of the plots or in a walk-through, the entry is recorded as
"out" or "walk", respectively. Entries labeled as "Wiegand" are those
species not documented in the current inventory but in a previous
inventory of vascular plants lead my R. Wiegand (Heritage & Biodiversity
Conservation Programs 1997).

  ----- --------------------------------- ------------------ -------- ------------ ---------
  ID    Species                           Family             TSN      Nativeness   Count

  1     Abutilon theophrasti              Malvaceae          21674    Introduced   Walk

  2     Acalypha rhomboidea               Euphorbiaceae      28193    Native       7

  3     Acer negundo                      Aceraceae          28749    Native       70

  4     Acer nigrum                       Aceraceae          182135   Native       1

  5     Acer platanoides                  Aceraceae          28755    Introduced   7

  6     Acer rubrum                       Aceraceae          28728    Native       7

  7     Acer saccharinum                  Aceraceae          28757    Native       7

  8     Acer saccharum                    Aceraceae          28731    Native       5

  9     Achillea millefolium              Asteraceae         35423    Native       4

  10    Adiantum pedatum                  Pteridaceae        17311    Native       1

  11    Agastache nepetoides              Lamiaceae          32443    Native       Wiegand

  12    Ageratina altissima var.          Asteraceae         182398   Native       41
        altissima                                                                  

  13    Agrimonia gryposepala             Rosaceae           25095    Native       Wiegand

  14    Agrimonia pubescens               Rosaceae           25099    Native       8

  15    Agrimonia rostellata              Rosaceae           25100    Native       7

  16    Agrostis stolonifera              Poaceae            40400    Native       3

  17    Ailanthus altissima               Simaroubaceae      28827    Introduced   38

  18    Alliaria petiolata                Brassicaceae       184481   Introduced   72

  19    Allium canadense                  Liliaceae          42635    Native       44

  20    Allium cernuum                    Liliaceae          42721    Native       Walk

  21    Allium tricoccum                  Liliaceae          42672    Native       Wiegand

  22    Allium vineale                    Liliaceae          42637    Introduced   16

  23    Alopecurus geniculatus            Poaceae            40437    Introduced   1

  24    Amaranthus hybridus               Amaranthaceae      20735    Native       Wiegand

  25    Ambrosia artemisiifolia           Asteraceae         36496    Native       25

  26    Ambrosia trifida                  Asteraceae         36521    Native       2

  27    Ampelopsis brevipedunculata       Vitaceae           28632    Introduced   1

  28    Amphicarpaea bracteata            Fabaceae           182067   Native       12

  29    Anagallis arvensis                Primulaceae        24043    Introduced   2

  30    Andropogon gerardii               Poaceae            40462    Native       1

  31    Anemone virginiana                Ranunculaceae      18451    Native       8

  32    Antennaria neglecta               Asteraceae         36745    Native       Walk

  33    Antennaria plantaginifolia        Asteraceae         36717    Native       2

  34    Anthemis cotula                   Asteraceae         36330    Introduced   Walk

  35    Anthoxanthum odoratum             Poaceae            41395    Introduced   2

  36    Aplectrum hyemale                 Orchidaceae        43489    Native       Wiegand

  37    Apocynum cannabinum               Apocynaceae        30157    Native       7

  38    Aquilegia canadensis              Ranunculaceae      18730    Native       Walk

  39    Arabis laevigata                  Brassicaceae       22706    Native       4

  40    Arabis lyrata                     Brassicaceae       22672    Native       Wiegand

  41    Arctium minus                     Asteraceae         36546    Introduced   8

  42    Arisaema triphyllum               Araceae            42525    Native       15

  43    Aristolochia serpentaria          Aristolochiaceae   18342    Native       1

  44    Arnoglossum atriplicifolium       Asteraceae         36583    Native       1

  45    Artemisia biennis                 Asteraceae         35451    Introduced   Walk

  46    Artemisia vulgaris                Asteraceae         35505    Introduced   Wiegand

  47    Asarum canadense                  Aristolochiaceae   18353    Native       17

  48    Asclepias quadrifolia             Asclepiadaceae     30297    Native       1

  49    Asclepias syriaca                 Asclepiadaceae     30310    Native       3

  50    Asclepias tuberosa                Asclepiadaceae     30313    Native       Walk

  51    Asimina triloba                   Annonaceae         18117    Native       35

  52    Asplenium platyneuron             Aspleniaceae       17355    Native       34

  53    Asplenium rhizophyllum            Aspleniaceae       17359    Native       2

  54    Asplenium trichomanes             Aspleniaceae       17364    Native       1

  55    Athyrium filix-femina             Dryopteridaceae    17413    Native       1

  56    Barbarea verna                    Brassicaceae       22743    Introduced   1

  57    Barbarea vulgaris                 Brassicaceae       22741    Introduced   2

  58    Berberis thunbergii               Berberidaceae      18835    Introduced   23

  59    Betula alleghaniensis             Betulaceae         19481    Native       1

  60    Betula nigra                      Betulaceae         19480    Native       3

  61    Bidens bipinnata                  Asteraceae         500993   Native       5

  62    Bidens connata                    Asteraceae         35718    Native       1

  63    Bidens frondosa                   Asteraceae         35707    Native       9

  64    Boehmeria cylindrica              Urticaceae         19121    Native       4

  65    Botrychium biternatum             Ophioglossaceae    17175    Native       1

  66    Botrychium dissectum              Ophioglossaceae    17171    Native       1

  67    Botrychium multifidum             Ophioglossaceae    17187    Native       1

  68    Botrychium virginianum            Ophioglossaceae    17173    Native       12

  69    Brassica nigra                    Brassicaceae       23061    Introduced   Wiegand

  70    Bromus commutatus                 Poaceae            40497    Introduced   10

  71    Bromus inermis                    Poaceae            40502    Introduced   7

  72    Bromus pubescens                  Poaceae            40514    Native       7

  73    Bromus sterilis                   Poaceae            40522    Introduced   17

  74    Bromus tectorum                   Poaceae            40524    Introduced   6

  75    Buglossoides arvensis             Boraginaceae       501090   Introduced   Out

  76    Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium     Convolvulaceae     30651    Introduced   13

  77    Campanulastrum americanum         Campanulaceae      501172   Native       2

  78    Campsis radicans                  Bignoniaceae       34309    Native       1

  79    Capsella bursa-pastoris           Brassicaceae       22766    Introduced   Out

  80    Cardamine angustata               Brassicaceae       22778    Native       3

  81    Cardamine concatenata             Brassicaceae       22787    Native       19

  82    Cardamine parviflora              Brassicaceae       22806    Native       12

  83    Cardamine pratensis               Brassicaceae       22773    Native       6

  84    Carduus acanthoides               Asteraceae         35785    Introduced   7

  85    Carduus nutans                    Asteraceae         35787    Introduced   4

  86    Carex                             Cyperaceae         39369    Native       2

  87    Carex aggregata                   Cyperaceae         39483    Native       23

  88    Carex albicans                    Cyperaceae         565042   Native       1

  89    Carex amphibola                   Cyperaceae         39491    Native       26

  90    Carex blanda                      Cyperaceae         39379    Native       50

  91    Carex cephalophora                Cyperaceae         39383    Native       9

  92    Carex communis                    Cyperaceae         39550    Native       1

  93    Carex conjuncta                   Cyperaceae         39555    Native       6

  94    Carex digitalis                   Cyperaceae         39576    Native       4

  95    Carex glaucodea                   Cyperaceae         39616    Native       Walk

  96    Carex grisea                      Cyperaceae         510206   Native       10

  97    Carex hirsutella                  Cyperaceae         39636    Native       2

  98    Carex hitchcockiana               Cyperaceae         39640    Native       1

  99    Carex jamesii                     Cyperaceae         39404    Native       1

  100   Carex laxiflora                   Cyperaceae         39662    Native       5

  101   Carex molesta                     Cyperaceae         39704    Native       2

  102   Carex muehlenbergii               Cyperaceae         39423    Native       5

  103   Carex normalis                    Cyperaceae         39720    Native       Walk

  104   Carex oligocarpa                  Cyperaceae         39728    Native       9

  105   Carex pensylvanica                Cyperaceae         39749    Native       1

  106   Carex platyphylla                 Cyperaceae         39761    Native       4

  107   Carex radiata                     Cyperaceae         39778    Native       1

  108   Carex retroflexa                  Cyperaceae         39782    Native       1

  109   Carex rosea                       Cyperaceae         39429    Native       16

  110   Carex sparganioides               Cyperaceae         39808    Native       9

  111   Carex spicata                     Cyperaceae         39812    Introduced   Walk

  112   Carex stipata                     Cyperaceae         39434    Native       2

  113   Carex swanii                      Cyperaceae         39437    Native       1

  114   Carex tribuloides                 Cyperaceae         39438    Native       Walk

  115   Carex umbellata                   Cyperaceae         39857    Native       1

  116   Carex willdenowii                 Cyperaceae         39443    Native       2

  117   Carpinus caroliniana              Betulaceae         19504    Native       Wiegand

  118   Carya alba                        Juglandaceae       501306   Native       3

  119   Carya cordiformis                 Juglandaceae       19227    Native       50

  120   Carya glabra                      Juglandaceae       19231    Native       8

  121   Carya ovata                       Juglandaceae       19243    Native       1

  122   Castanea dentata                  Fagaceae           19454    Native       Walk

  123   Catalpa speciosa                  Bignoniaceae       34315    Native       Walk

  124   Caulophyllum thalictroides        Berberidaceae      18840    Native       3

  125   Celastrus orbiculatus             Celastraceae       506068   Introduced   3

  126   Celtis occidentalis               Ulmaceae           19040    Native       75

  127   Centaurea cyanus                  Asteraceae         36954    Introduced   Wiegand

  128   Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare   Caryophyllaceae    523831   Introduced   4

  129   Cercis canadensis                 Fabaceae           25782    Native       25

  130   Chaerophyllum procumbens          Apiaceae           29616    Native       Wiegand

  131   Chamaesyce nutans                 Euphorbiaceae      501442   Native       1

  132   Cheilanthes lanosa                Pteridaceae        17448    Native       Wiegand

  133   Chelidonium majus                 Papaveraceae       501481   Introduced   5

  134   Chenopodium album                 Chenopodiaceae     20592    Introduced   2

  135   Chenopodium ambrosioides          Chenopodiaceae     20590    Introduced   Wiegand

  136   Chimaphila maculata               Pyrolaceae         23767    Native       Walk

  137   Cichorium intybus                 Asteraceae         36763    Introduced   1

  138   Cicuta maculata                   Apiaceae           29456    Native       Wiegand

  139   Cimicifuga racemosa               Ranunculaceae      18757    Native       10

  140   Circaea lutetiana ssp. Canadensis Onagraceae         27569    Native       36

  141   Cirsium arvense                   Asteraceae         36335    Introduced   1

  142   Cirsium vulgare                   Asteraceae         36428    Introduced   4

  143   Claytonia virginica               Portulacaceae      20382    Native       25

  144   Clematis viorna                   Ranunculaceae      18715    Native       1

  145   Clematis virginiana               Ranunculaceae      18716    Native       1

  146   Clinopodium vulgare               Lamiaceae          501592   Native       5

  147   Collinsonia canadensis            Lamiaceae          32474    Native       1

  148   Commelina communis                Commelinaceae      39127    Introduced   14

  149   Conium maculatum                  Apiaceae           29473    Introduced   5

  150   Conoclinium coelestinum           Asteraceae         511282   Native       5

  151   Conopholis americana              Orobanchaceae      34274    Native       Walk

  152   Convolvulus arvensis              Convolvulaceae     30705    Introduced   2

  153   Conyza canadensis                 Asteraceae         37113    Native       1

  154   Cornus florida                    Cornaceae          27806    Native       17

  155   Coronilla varia                   Fabaceae           26553    Introduced   1

  156   Corydalis flavula                 Fumariaceae        19005    Native       20

  157   Crataegus                         Rosaceae           24539    Unknown      1

  158   Cryptotaenia canadensis           Apiaceae           29475    Native       25

  159   Cuscuta gronovii                  Cuscutaceae        30712    Native       Wiegand

  160   Cynodon dactylon                  Poaceae            41619    Introduced   Walk

  161   Cynoglossum officinale            Boraginaceae       31890    Introduced   3

  162   Cyperus echinatus                 Cyperaceae         501920   Native       Walk

  163   Cyperus strigosus                 Cyperaceae         39901    Native       2

  164   Cystopteris bulbifera             Dryopteridaceae    17481    Native       Walk

  165   Cystopteris fragilis              Dryopteridaceae    17482    Native       1

  166   Cystopteris protrusa              Dryopteridaceae    17485    Native       1

  167   Dactylis glomerata                Poaceae            193446   Introduced   32

  168   Danthonia spicata                 Poaceae            41642    Native       4

  169   Datura stramonium                 Solanaceae         30520    Introduced   Walk

  170   Daucus carota                     Apiaceae           29477    Introduced   18

  171   Delphinium tricorne               Ranunculaceae      18515    Native       3

  172   Desmodium canescens               Fabaceae           25792    Native       1

  173   Desmodium paniculatum             Fabaceae           25815    Native       6

  174   Desmodium perplexum               Fabaceae           25785    Native       1

  175   Dianthus armeria                  Caryophyllaceae    20276    Introduced   7

  176   Dicentra canadensis               Fumariaceae        18943    Native       5

  177   Dicentra cucullaria               Fumariaceae        18945    Native       20

  178   Dichanthelium boscii              Poaceae            41655    Native       1

  179   Dichanthelium scabriusculum       Poaceae            41670    Native       4

  180   Dichanthelium villosissimum var.  Poaceae            527707   Native       1
        villosissimum                                                              

  181   Digitaria filiformis              Poaceae            40608    Native       1

  182   Dioscorea quaternata              Dioscoreaceae      43371    Native       5

  183   Dioscorea villosa                 Dioscoreaceae      43367    Native       5

  184   Diospyros virginiana              Ebenaceae          23855    Native       Walk

  185   Dipsacus fullonum ssp. sylvestris Dipsacaceae        524924   Introduced   2

  186   Dodecatheon meadia                Primulaceae        23969    Native       1

  187   Draba verna                       Brassicaceae       22923    Introduced   Wiegand

  188   Dryopteris carthusiana            Dryopteridaceae    502157   Native       2

  189   Dryopteris marginalis             Dryopteridaceae    17541    Native       5

  190   Duchesnea indica                  Rosaceae           25163    Introduced   63

  191   Echinochloa muricata              Poaceae            40672    Introduced   1

  192   Echium vulgare                    Boraginaceae       31899    Introduced   2

  193   Eclipta prostrata                 Asteraceae         196226   Native       Wiegand

  194   Elaeagnus multiflora              Elaeagnaceae       27772    Introduced   3

  195   Elaeagnus umbellata               Elaeagnaceae       27776    Introduced   13

  196   Eleusine indica                   Poaceae            41692    Introduced   Walk

  197   Elymus hystrix                    Poaceae            40698    Native       7

  198   Elymus repens                     Poaceae            512839   Introduced   1

  199   Elymus riparius                   Poaceae            40706    Native       7

  200   Elymus villosus                   Poaceae            40714    Native       23

  201   Elymus virginicus                 Poaceae            40681    Native       17

  202   Epifagus virginiana               Orobanchaceae      34276    Native       Walk

  203   Epilobium coloratum               Onagraceae         27298    Native       1

  204   Equisetum arvense                 Equisetaceae       17152    Native       1

  205   Equisetum hyemale                 Equisetaceae       17154    Native       Out

  206   Eragrostis spectabilis            Poaceae            40717    Native       Walk

  207   Erigenia bulbosa                  Apiaceae           29661    Native       1

  208   Erigeron annuus                   Asteraceae         35804    Native       25

  209   Erigeron philadelphicus           Asteraceae         35809    Native       4

  210   Erigeron pulchellus               Asteraceae         35808    Native       Walk

  211   Erigeron strigosus                Asteraceae         35951    Native       2

  212   Erythronium americanum            Liliaceae          196365   Native       1

  213   Euonymus alata                    Celastraceae       502576   Introduced   1

  214   Euonymus americana                Celastraceae       502577   Native       1

  215   Euonymus atropurpurea             Celastraceae       502579   Native       4

  216   Eupatorium dubium                 Asteraceae         502508   Native       Wiegand

  217   Eupatorium fistulosum             Asteraceae         502509   Native       Walk

  218   Eupatorium purpureum              Asteraceae         502522   Native       Wiegand

  219   Euphorbia corollata               Euphorbiaceae      28057    Native       Walk

  220   Euphorbia dentata                 Euphorbiaceae      502535   Introduced   Walk

  221   Euphorbia esula                   Euphorbiaceae      28064    Introduced   Wiegand

  222   Fagus grandifolia                 Fagaceae           19462    Native       7

  223   Festuca rubra                     Poaceae            40796    Native       7

  224   Festuca subverticillata           Poaceae            502612   Native       58

  225   Floerkea proserpinacoides         Limnanthaceae      29167    Native       2

  226   Fraxinus americana                Oleaceae           32931    Native       32

  227   Fraxinus pennsylvanica            Oleaceae           32929    Native       20

  228   Galactia regularis                Fabaceae           26699    Native       1

  229   Galactia volubilis                Fabaceae           26703    Native       1

  230   Galearis spectabilis              Orchidaceae        43591    Native       Wiegand

  231   Galinsoga quadriradiata           Asteraceae         37415    Introduced   2

  232   Galium aparine                    Rubiaceae          34797    Native       28

  233   Galium circaezans                 Rubiaceae          34800    Native       2

  234   Galium concinnum                  Rubiaceae          34848    Native       14

  235   Galium lanceolatum                Rubiaceae          34882    Native       1

  236   Galium parisiense                 Rubiaceae          34905    Introduced   4

  237   Galium triflorum                  Rubiaceae          34933    Native       18

  238   Geranium columbinum               Geraniaceae        29133    Introduced   Wiegand

  239   Geranium maculatum                Geraniaceae        29107    Native       5

  240   Geranium molle                    Geraniaceae        29110    Introduced   Walk

  241   Geranium pusillum                 Geraniaceae        29115    Introduced   1

  242   Geum canadense                    Rosaceae           24645    Native       68

  243   Glechoma hederacea                Lamiaceae          502801   Introduced   49

  244   Gleditsia triacanthos             Fabaceae           26714    Native       5

  245   Glyceria fluitans                 Poaceae            40844    Introduced   2

  246   Glyceria striata                  Poaceae            40833    Native       Walk

  247   Gnaphalium obtusifolium var.      Asteraceae         528261   Native       Walk
        obtusifolium                                                               

  248   Gymnocladus dioicus               Fabaceae           502851   Native       1

  249   Hackelia virginiana               Boraginaceae       31921    Native       58

  250   Hamamelis virginiana              Hamamelidaceae     19033    Native       2

  251   Hedera helix                      Araliaceae         29393    Introduced   3

  252   Hemerocallis fulva                Liliaceae          42943    Introduced   2

  253   Hepatica nobilis var. acuta       Ranunculaceae      528378   Native       2

  254   Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa      Ranunculaceae      528379   Native       1

  255   Heracleum maximum                 Apiaceae           502953   Native       1

  256   Hesperis matronalis               Brassicaceae       23138    Introduced   12

  257   Heuchera americana                Saxifragaceae      24340    Native       1

  258   Hibiscus syriacus                 Malvaceae          21638    Introduced   Walk

  259   Hieracium caespitosum             Asteraceae         503009   Introduced   5

  260   Hieracium venosum                 Asteraceae         37734    Native       1

  261   Hosta ventricosa                  Liliaceae          42953    Introduced   Walk

  262   Houstonia purpurea                Rubiaceae          35051    Native       Walk

  263   Humulus japonicus                 Cannabaceae        503065   Introduced   5

  264   Hybanthus concolor                Violaceae          22026    Native       2

  265   Hydrangea arborescens             Hydrangeaceae      24195    Native       2

  266   Hydrastis canadensis              Ranunculaceae      18781    Native       5

  267   Hydrophyllum canadense            Hydrophyllaceae    31390    Native       2

  268   Hydrophyllum virginianum          Hydrophyllaceae    31396    Native       14

  269   Hypericum mutilum                 Clusiaceae         21421    Native       Walk

  270   Hypericum perforatum              Clusiaceae         21454    Introduced   3

  271   Hypericum punctatum               Clusiaceae         21422    Native       1

  272   Impatiens capensis                Balsaminaceae      29182    Native       14

  273   Impatiens pallida                 Balsaminaceae      29189    Native       7

  274   Ipomoea hederacea                 Convolvulaceae     503177   Introduced   Walk

  275   Ipomoea pandurata                 Convolvulaceae     30786    Native       3

  276   Jeffersonia diphylla              Berberidaceae      18844    Native       1

  277   Juglans cinerea                   Juglandaceae       19250    Native       3

  278   Juglans nigra                     Juglandaceae       19254    Native       47

  279   Juncus tenuis                     Juncaceae          39243    Native       10

  280   Juniperus virginiana              Cupressaceae       18048    Native       39

  281   Justicia americana                Acanthaceae        34352    Native       Wiegand

  282   Lactuca                           Asteraceae         36594    Unknown      1

  283   Lactuca biennis                   Asteraceae         36597    Native       1

  284   Lactuca canadensis                Asteraceae         36596    Native       1

  285   Lactuca floridana                 Asteraceae         36599    Native       Walk

  286   Lactuca serriola                  Asteraceae         36608    Introduced   1

  287   Lamium album                      Lamiaceae          32538    Introduced   Out

  288   Lamium amplexicaule               Lamiaceae          32539    Introduced   Out

  289   Lamium maculatum                  Lamiaceae          32541    Introduced   Wiegand

  290   Lamium purpureum                  Lamiaceae          32543    Introduced   28

  291   Laportea canadensis               Urticaceae         19127    Native       14

  292   Lechea intermedia                 Cistaceae          22286    Native       1

  293   Leersia oryzoides                 Poaceae            40886    Native       1

  294   Lemna minor                       Lemnaceae          42590    Native       1

  295   Leonurus cardiaca                 Lamiaceae          32548    Introduced   1

  296   Lepidium campestre                Brassicaceae       22954    Introduced   1

  297   Lepidium virginicum               Brassicaceae       22955    Native       4

  298   Leucanthemum vulgare              Asteraceae         37903    Introduced   9

  299   Ligustrum vulgare                 Oleaceae           32980    Introduced   2

  300   Linaria vulgaris                  Scrophulariaceae   33216    Introduced   3

  301   Lindera benzoin                   Lauraceae          18147    Native       39

  302   Lindernia dubia                   Scrophulariaceae   33221    Native       Wiegand

  303   Liparis liliifolia                Orchidaceae        43622    Native       1

  304   Liparis loeselii                  Orchidaceae        43623    Native       1

  305   Liriodendron tulipifera           Magnoliaceae       18086    Native       20

  306   Lobelia inflata                   Campanulaceae      34524    Native       11

  307   Lobelia puberula                  Campanulaceae      34529    Native       Walk

  308   Lobelia siphilitica               Campanulaceae      34531    Native       Walk

  309   Lolium arundinaceum               Poaceae            507979   Introduced   7

  310   Lolium perenne ssp. perenne       Poaceae            524261   Introduced   1

  311   Lolium pratense                   Poaceae            507983   Introduced   21

  312   Lonicera japonica                 Caprifoliaceae     35283    Introduced   74

  313   Lonicera maackii                  Caprifoliaceae     35298    Introduced   5

  314   Lonicera morrowii                 Caprifoliaceae     35299    Introduced   25

  315   Lonicera tatarica                 Caprifoliaceae     35306    Introduced   Walk

  316   Ludwigia alternifolia             Onagraceae         27335    Native       1

  317   Ludwigia palustris                Onagraceae         27336    Native       1

  318   Lycopus americanus                Lamiaceae          32254    Native       Wiegand

  319   Lycopus virginicus                Lamiaceae          32255    Native       1

  320   Lysimachia ciliata                Primulaceae        23984    Native       Wiegand

  321   Lysimachia nummularia             Primulaceae        23993    Introduced   9

  322   Maclura pomifera                  Moraceae           19102    Native       5

  323   Maianthemum racemosum ssp.        Liliaceae          524297   Native       10
        racemosum                                                                  

  324   Matricaria discoidea              Asteraceae         501470   Introduced   Walk

  325   Melilotus officinalis             Fabaceae           26150    Introduced   1

  326   Menispermum canadense             Menispermaceae     18871    Native       20

  327   Mentha arvensis                   Lamiaceae          565302   Native       1

  328   Mentha spicata                    Lamiaceae          32272    Introduced   Wiegand

  329   Mertensia virginica               Boraginaceae       31673    Native       9

  330   Microstegium vimineum             Poaceae            503829   Introduced   41

  331   Mikania scandens                  Asteraceae         36043    Native       2

  332   Mimulus alatus                    Scrophulariaceae   33234    Native       1

  333   Mirabilis nyctaginea              Nyctaginaceae      19655    Native       Walk

  334   Mitchella repens                  Rubiaceae          35063    Native       Wiegand

  335   Mitella diphylla                  Saxifragaceae      24407    Native       1

  336   Monarda clinopodia                Lamiaceae          32288    Native       Walk

  337   Monarda fistulosa                 Lamiaceae          565311   Native       Out

  338   Morus alba                        Moraceae           19066    Introduced   14

  339   Morus rubra                       Moraceae           19070    Native       7

  340   Muhlenbergia frondosa             Poaceae            41915    Native       1

  341   Muhlenbergia schreberi            Poaceae            41939    Native       42

  342   Muhlenbergia sobolifera           Poaceae            41941    Native       1

  343   Muhlenbergia tenuiflora           Poaceae            41943    Native       1

  344   Muscari botryoides                Liliaceae          42977    Introduced   3

  345   Narcissus pseudonarcissus         Liliaceae          503930   Introduced   2

  346   Nepeta cataria                    Lamiaceae          32623    Introduced   7

  347   Nyssa sylvatica                   Nyssaceae          27821    Native       2

  348   Oenothera biennis                 Onagraceae         27368    Native       Walk

  349   Onoclea sensibilis                Dryopteridaceae    17637    Native       Walk

  350   Ophioglossum vulgatum             Ophioglossaceae    565333   Native       3

  351   Ornithogalum nutans               Liliaceae          42755    Introduced   2

  352   Ornithogalum umbellatum           Liliaceae          42754    Introduced   18

  353   Osmorhiza claytonii               Apiaceae           29789    Native       Wiegand

  354   Osmorhiza longistylis             Apiaceae           29791    Native       12

  355   Osmunda cinnamomea                Osmundaceae        17219    Native       Wiegand

  356   Ostrya virginiana                 Betulaceae         19511    Native       2

  357   Oxalis corniculata                Oxalidaceae        29067    Native       1

  358   Oxalis stricta                    Oxalidaceae        29095    Native       68

  359   Oxalis violacea                   Oxalidaceae        29098    Native       1

  360   Packera aurea                     Asteraceae         518139   Native       Wiegand

  361   Panax quinquefolius               Araliaceae         29399    Native       Walk

  362   Panicum                           Poaceae            40901    Unknown      5

  363   Panicum capillare                 Poaceae            40914    Native       Walk

  364   Parietaria pensylvanica           Urticaceae         19169    Native       4

  365   Paronychia canadensis             Caryophyllaceae    20325    Native       1

  366   Parthenocissus quinquefolia       Vitaceae           28602    Native       72

  367   Paspalum dissectum                Poaceae            41018    Native       1

  368   Paspalum laeve                    Poaceae            41024    Native       Wiegand

  369   Paspalum setaceum                 Poaceae            41042    Native       1

  370   Paulownia tomentosa               Scrophulariaceae   33460    Introduced   Walk

  371   Pellaea atropurpurea              Pteridaceae        17641    Native       Walk

  372   Pennisetum glaucum                Poaceae            565385   Introduced   Wiegand

  373   Perilla frutescens                Lamiaceae          32634    Introduced   37

  374   Phacelia dubia                    Hydrophyllaceae    31441    Native       Wiegand

  375   Phleum pratense                   Poaceae            41062    Introduced   11

  376   Phlox divaricata                  Polemoniaceae      30934    Native       2

  377   Phragmites australis              Poaceae            41072    Native       1

  378   Phryma leptostachya               Verbenaceae        504348   Native       8

  379   Phyla lanceolata                  Verbenaceae        32196    Native       Wiegand

  380   Physalis heterophylla             Solanaceae         30601    Native       3

  381   Physalis longifolia var.          Solanaceae         529629   Native       2
        subglabrata                                                                

  382   Physalis virginiana               Solanaceae         30612    Native       Wiegand

  383   Phytolacca americana              Phytolaccaceae     19523    Native       18

  384   Pilea pumila                      Urticaceae         19130    Native       57

  385   Pinus rigida                      Pinaceae           183376   Native       Walk

  386   Pinus strobes                     Pinaceae           183385   Native       Walk

  387   Pinus virginiana                  Pinaceae           183394   Native       Wiegand

  388   Plantago aristata                 Plantaginaceae     32875    Native       Walk

  389   Plantago lanceolata               Plantaginaceae     32874    Introduced   7

  390   Plantago major                    Plantaginaceae     32887    Native       13

  391   Plantago rugelii                  Plantaginaceae     504439   Native       10

  392   Platanus occidentalis             Platanaceae        19020    Native       19

  393   Poa annua                         Poaceae            41107    Introduced   1

  394   Poa pratensis                     Poaceae            41088    Introduced   7

  395   Poa sylvestris                    Poaceae            41162    Native       6

  396   Poa trivialis                     Poaceae            41163    Introduced   48

  397   Podophyllum peltatum              Berberidaceae      18850    Native       19

  398   Polygonatum biflorum              Liliaceae          43006    Native       6

  399   Polygonum aviculare               Polygonaceae       20876    Introduced   1

  400   Polygonum caespitosum             Polygonaceae       20852    Introduced   67

  401   Polygonum hydropiper              Polygonaceae       20856    Introduced   1

  402   Polygonum hydropiperoides         Polygonaceae       20857    Native       1

  403   Polygonum lapathifolium           Polygonaceae       20860    Native       Wiegand

  404   Polygonum pensylvanicum           Polygonaceae       20861    Native       2

  405   Polygonum persicaria              Polygonaceae       20915    Introduced   7

  406   Polygonum virginianum             Polygonaceae       20931    Native       34

  407   Polypodium virginianum            Polypodiaceae      17242    Native       1

  408   Polystichum acrostichoides        Dryopteridaceae    17675    Native       8

  409   Populus deltoides                 Salicaceae         22445    Native       Wiegand

  410   Portulaca oleracea                Portulacaceae      20422    Native       Walk

  411   Potentilla recta                  Rosaceae           24742    Introduced   3

  412   Potentilla simplex                Rosaceae           24751    Native       2

  413   Prenanthes trifoliolata           Asteraceae         504596   Native       Walk

  414   Prunella vulgaris                 Lamiaceae          32381    Native       5

  415   Prunus avium                      Rosaceae           24770    Introduced   1

  416   Prunus cerasus                    Rosaceae           24773    Introduced   2

  417   Prunus pensylvanica               Rosaceae           24799    Native       7

  418   Prunus serotina                   Rosaceae           24764    Native       53

  419   Prunus virginiana                 Rosaceae           24806    Native       1

  420   Pteridium aquilinum               Dennstaedtiaceae   17224    Native       1

  421   Pyrola americana                  Pyrolaceae         504691   Native       Walk

  422   Quercus alba                      Fagaceae           19290    Native       5

  423   Quercus bicolor                   Fagaceae           19300    Native       Wiegand

  424   Quercus coccinea                  Fagaceae           19288    Native       Out

  425   Quercus muehlenbergii             Fagaceae           504714   Native       19

  426   Quercus prinus                    Fagaceae           19398    Native       4

  427   Quercus rubra                     Fagaceae           19408    Native       18

  428   Quercus stellata                  Fagaceae           19422    Native       1

  429   Quercus velutina                  Fagaceae           19447    Native       4

  430   Ranunculus abortivus              Ranunculaceae      18559    Native       33

  431   Ranunculus acris                  Ranunculaceae      18583    Introduced   12

  432   Ranunculus bulbosus               Ranunculaceae      18594    Introduced   3

  433   Ranunculus hispidus               Ranunculaceae      18613    Native       1

  434   Ranunculus recurvatus             Ranunculaceae      18641    Native       5

  435   Ranunculus sardous                Ranunculaceae      18645    Introduced   1

  436   Ranunculus sceleratus             Ranunculaceae      18576    Native       1

  437   Rhus aromatica                    Anacardiaceae      28779    Native       Walk

  438   Rhus glabra                       Anacardiaceae      28782    Native       Wiegand

  439   Rhus hirta                        Anacardiaceae      504755   Native       Walk

  440   Ribes cynosbati                   Grossulariaceae    24462    Native       1

  441   Robinia pseudoacacia              Fabaceae           504804   Native       18

  442   Rosa multiflora                   Rosaceae           24833    Introduced   74

  443   Rubus allegheniensis              Rosaceae           24866    Native       16

  444   Rubus occidentalis                Rosaceae           24854    Native       35

  445   Rubus pensilvanicus               Rosaceae           504874   Native       Walk

  446   Rubus phoenicolasius              Rosaceae           25017    Introduced   47

  447   Rudbeckia hirta                   Asteraceae         36765    Native       Walk

  448   Rudbeckia laciniata               Asteraceae         36775    Native       7

  449   Ruellia caroliniensis             Acanthaceae        34373    Native       Walk

  450   Rumex acetosella                  Polygonaceae       20934    Introduced   Walk

  451   Rumex crispus                     Polygonaceae       20937    Introduced   4

  452   Rumex hastatulus                  Polygonaceae       20938    Native       Walk

  453   Rumex obtusifolius                Polygonaceae       20939    Introduced   10

  454   Rumex pulcher                     Polygonaceae       20942    Introduced   1

  455   Rumex verticillatus               Polygonaceae       20946    Native       1

  456   Salix nigra                       Salicaceae         22484    Native       1

  457   Salvia lyrata                     Lamiaceae          32690    Native       Walk

  458   Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis    Caprifoliaceae     525079   Native       3

  459   Sanguinaria canadensis            Papaveraceae       18990    Native       11

  460   Sanicula canadensis               Apiaceae           29850    Native       59

  461   Sanicula odorata                  Apiaceae           505004   Native       1

  462   Saponaria officinalis             Caryophyllaceae    20039    Introduced   Walk

  463   Sassafras albidum                 Lauraceae          18158    Native       3

  464   Saxifraga virginiensis            Saxifragaceae      24303    Native       5

  465   Schizachyrium scoparium var.      Poaceae            530264   Native       Wiegand
        scoparium                                                                  

  466   Scrophularia marilandica          Scrophulariaceae   34037    Native       3

  467   Scutellaria incana var. incana    Lamiaceae          196124   Native       1

  468   Scutellaria lateriflora           Lamiaceae          32765    Native       3

  469   Scutellaria nervosa               Lamiaceae          32808    Native       1

  470   Sedum ternatum                    Crassulaceae       24184    Native       2

  471   Setaria faberi                    Poaceae            41244    Introduced   Walk

  472   Setaria pumila                    Poaceae            505192   Introduced   Walk

  473   Setaria viridis                   Poaceae            41231    Introduced   Wiegand

  474   Sicyos angulatus                  Cucurbitaceae      22402    Native       8

  475   Sida spinosa                      Malvaceae          21732    Native       Walk

  476   Silene latifolia ssp. alba        Caryophyllaceae    524706   Introduced   Wiegand

  477   Silene stellata                   Caryophyllaceae    20127    Native       2

  478   Silene vulgaris                   Caryophyllaceae    20142    Introduced   Walk

  479   Sisymbrium altissimum             Brassicaceae       23312    Introduced   2

  480   Sisymbrium officinale             Brassicaceae       23316    Introduced   1

  481   Sisyrinchium angustifolium        Iridaceae          43240    Native       2

  482   Smallanthus uvedalius             Asteraceae         505252   Native       3

  483   Smilax rotundifolia               Smilacaceae        43346    Native       32

  484   Solanum carolinense               Solanaceae         30413    Native       22

  485   Solanum dulcamara                 Solanaceae         30414    Introduced   Walk

  486   Solanum nigrum                    Solanaceae         565525   Introduced   7

  487   Solidago bicolor                  Asteraceae         36234    Native       Wiegand

  488   Solidago caesia                   Asteraceae         36238    Native       1

  489   Solidago canadensis               Asteraceae         36224    Native       16

  490   Solidago canadensis var. hargeri  Asteraceae         530446   Native       2

  491   Solidago canadensis var. scabra   Asteraceae         530448   Native       2

  492   Solidago flexicaulis              Asteraceae         36257    Native       1

  493   Solidago juncea                   Asteraceae         36270    Native       Walk

  494   Solidago nemoralis                Asteraceae         36281    Native       Wiegand

  495   Solidago ulmifolia                Asteraceae         36225    Native       3

  496   Sonchus asper                     Asteraceae         38424    Introduced   1

  497   Sorghastrum nutans                Poaceae            42102    Native       Walk

  498   Sorghum halepense                 Poaceae            42111    Introduced   Walk

  499   Sphenopholis nitida               Poaceae            41281    Native       1

  500   Sphenopholis obtusata             Poaceae            41279    Native       4

  501   Spiranthes lacera var. lacera     Orchidaceae        530530   Native       1

  502   Staphylea trifolia                Staphyleaceae      28646    Native       4

  503   Stellaria graminea                Caryophyllaceae    20181    Introduced   Wiegand

  504   Stellaria media                   Caryophyllaceae    20169    Introduced   42

  505   Stellaria pubera                  Caryophyllaceae    20193    Native       15

  506   Stuckenia pectinatus              Potamogetonaceae   565547   Native       Out

  507   Symphoricarpos orbiculatus        Caprifoliaceae     35337    Native       1

  508   Symphyotrichum                    Asteraceae         564906   Native       3

  509   Symphyotrichum cordifolium        Asteraceae         522193   Native       1

  510   Symphyotrichum divaricatum        Asteraceae         522198   Native       7

  511   Symphyotrichum ericoides var.     Asteraceae         566330   Native       25
        ericoides                                                                  

  512   Symphyotrichum shortii            Asteraceae         522246   Native       18

  513   Tanacetum vulgare                 Asteraceae         36328    Introduced   Walk

  514   Taraxacum officinale              Asteraceae         36213    Introduced   26

  515   Teucrium canadense                Lamiaceae          32352    Native       4

  516   Thalictrum dioicum                Ranunculaceae      18669    Native       7

  517   Thalictrum pubescens              Ranunculaceae      18678    Native       Wiegand

  518   Thalictrum thalictroides          Ranunculaceae      18683    Native       2

  519   Tilia americana                   Tiliaceae          21536    Native       3

  520   Toxicodendron radicans            Anacardiaceae      28821    Native       70

  521   Tragopogon dubius                 Asteraceae         38564    Introduced   Out

  522   Tragopogon pratensis              Asteraceae         38569    Introduced   Walk

  523   Tridens flavus                    Poaceae            42227    Native       Walk

  524   Trifolium arvense                 Fabaceae           26221    Introduced   Walk

  525   Trifolium aureum                  Fabaceae           26223    Introduced   3

  526   Trifolium campestre               Fabaceae           26231    Introduced   9

  527   Trifolium dubium                  Fabaceae           26205    Introduced   1

  528   Trifolium hybridum                Fabaceae           26261    Introduced   Walk

  529   Trifolium pratense                Fabaceae           26313    Introduced   7

  530   Trifolium repens                  Fabaceae           26206    Introduced   8

  531   Trillium sessile                  Liliaceae          43088    Native       10

  532   Triticum aestivum                 Poaceae            42237    Introduced   2

  533   Typha latifolia                   Typhaceae          42326    Native       1

  534   Ulmus americana                   Ulmaceae           19049    Native       Wiegand

  535   Ulmus rubra                       Ulmaceae           19050    Native       51

  536   Urtica dioica                     Urticaceae         19152    Introduced   61

  537   Uvularia perfoliata               Liliaceae          43110    Native       1

  538   Uvularia puberula                 Liliaceae          43111    Native       Walk

  539   Vaccinium                         Ericaceae          23571    Native       Walk

  540   Verbascum blattaria               Scrophulariaceae   33389    Introduced   Walk

  541   Verbascum thapsus                 Scrophulariaceae   33394    Introduced   4

  542   Verbena urticifolia               Verbenaceae        32127    Native       25

  543   Verbesina alternifolia            Asteraceae         38597    Native       44

  544   Vernonia noveboracensis           Asteraceae         38644    Native       Walk

  545   Veronica anagallis-aquatica       Scrophulariaceae   565594   Native       2

  546   Veronica hederifolia              Scrophulariaceae   33418    Introduced   Wiegand

  547   Veronica officinalis              Scrophulariaceae   33398    Native       6

  548   Veronica peregrina                Scrophulariaceae   33421    Native       3

  549   Veronica persica                  Scrophulariaceae   33405    Introduced   45

  550   Veronica serpyllifolia            Scrophulariaceae   33423    Introduced   Wiegand

  551   Viburnum acerifolium              Caprifoliaceae     35255    Native       1

  552   Viburnum prunifolium              Caprifoliaceae     35253    Native       27

  553   Vinca minor                       Apocynaceae        30238    Introduced   Walk

  554   Viola bicolor                     Violaceae          22047    Native       2

  555   Viola blanda                      Violaceae          22050    Native       4

  556   Viola palmata                     Violaceae          22125    Native       1

  557   Viola pubescens                   Violaceae          22144    Native       9

  558   Viola sororia                     Violaceae          22169    Native       64

  559   Viola striata                     Violaceae          22171    Native       22

  560   Vitis aestivalis                  Vitaceae           28607    Native       3

  561   Vitis labrusca                    Vitaceae           28608    Native       1

  562   Vitis riparia                     Vitaceae           28624    Native       60

  563   Vitis rotundifolia                Vitaceae           28609    Native       1

  564   Vitis vulpine                     Vitaceae           28610    Native       3

  565   Woodsia obtusa                    Dryopteridaceae    17744    Native       6

  566   Xanthium strumarium               Asteraceae         38692    Native       5

  567   Zea mays                          Poaceae            42269    Introduced   Walk

  568   Zizia aurea                       Apiaceae           29906    Native       Wiegand
  ----- --------------------------------- ------------------ -------- ------------ ---------

Appendix 2. Identity and nativeness of species found at Monocacy
National Battlefield. Table also includes unique numbers for each
species (TSN) and the number of times each species was encountered in 50
inventoried plots (Count). If the species was encountered immediately
outside of the plots or in a walk-through, the entry is recorded as
"out" or "walk", respectively. Entries labeled as "Wiegand" are those
species not documented in the current inventory but in a previous
inventory of vascular plants lead my R. Wiegand (Heritage & Biodiversity
Conservation Programs 1998).

  ----- --------------------------------- -------- ------------------ ------------ ---------
  ID    Species                           TSN      family             Native       Count

  1     Abutilon theophrasti              21674    Malvaceae          Introduced   1

  2     Acalypha rhomboidea               28193    Euphorbiaceae      Native       11

  3     Acer negundo                      28749    Aceraceae          Native       35

  4     Acer rubrum                       28728    Aceraceae          Native       15

  5     Acer saccharinum                  28757    Aceraceae          Native       18

  6     Acer saccharum                    28731    Aceraceae          Native       1

  7     Adiantum pedatum                  17311    Pteridaceae        Native       Wiegand

  8     Aesculus hippocastanum            28721    Hippocastanaceae   Introduced   1

  9     Ageratina altissima var.          182398   Asteraceae         Native       10
        altissima                                                                  

  10    Agrimonia gryposepala             25095    Rosaceae           Native       Wiegand

  11    Agrimonia pubescens               25099    Rosaceae           Native       1

  12    Agrostis gigantea                 40414    Poaceae            Introduced   2

  13    Agrostis perennans                40423    Poaceae            Native       Walk

  14    Agrostis stolonifera              40400    Poaceae            Native       2

  15    Ailanthus altissima               28827    Simaroubaceae      Introduced   20

  16    Alisma subcordatum                38895    Alismataceae       Native       1

  17    Alliaria petiolata                184481   Brassicaceae       Introduced   45

  18    Allium canadense                  42635    Liliaceae          Native       7

  19    Allium tricoccum                  42672    Liliaceae          Native       1

  20    Allium vineale                    42637    Liliaceae          Introduced   7

  21    Amaranthus hybridus               20735    Amaranthaceae      Native       Walk

  22    Amaranthus retroflexus            20745    Amaranthaceae      Introduced   Walk

  23    Amaranthus spinosus               20748    Amaranthaceae      Native       1

  24    Ambrosia artemisiifolia           36496    Asteraceae         Native       12

  25    Ambrosia trifida                  36521    Asteraceae         Native       2

  26    Amelanchier arborea               25110    Rosaceae           Native       2

  27    Amphicarpaea bracteata            182067   Fabaceae           Native       8

  28    Anagallis arvensis                24043    Primulaceae        Introduced   2

  29    Anemone virginiana                18451    Ranunculaceae      Native       Wiegand

  30    Antennaria plantaginifolia        36717    Asteraceae         Native       Walk

  31    Anthemis cotula                   36330    Asteraceae         Introduced   1

  32    Apium graveolens                  182184   Apiaceae           Introduced   1

  33    Aplectrum hyemale                 43489    Orchidaceae        Native       Wiegand

  34    Apocynum cannabinum               30157    Apocynaceae        Native       Walk

  35    Arabis laevigata                  22706    Brassicaceae       Native       Wiegand

  36    Arabis lyrata                     22672    Brassicaceae       Native       Wiegand

  37    Arabis shortii                    22734    Brassicaceae       Native       Wiegand

  38    Arctium minus                     36546    Asteraceae         Introduced   6

  39    Arisaema triphyllum               42525    Araceae            Native       7

  40    Artemisia biennis                 35451    Asteraceae         Introduced   Walk

  41    Artemisia vulgaris                35505    Asteraceae         Introduced   1

  42    Asarum canadense                  18353    Aristolochiaceae   Native       3

  43    Asclepias incarnata               30241    Asclepiadaceae     Native       Out

  44    Asclepias syriaca                 30310    Asclepiadaceae     Native       1

  45    Asimina triloba                   18117    Annonaceae         Native       14

  46    Asplenium montanum                17351    Aspleniaceae       Native       Walk

  47    Asplenium platyneuron             17355    Aspleniaceae       Native       3

  48    Asplenium rhizophyllum            17359    Aspleniaceae       Native       Wiegand

  49    Athyrium filix-femina             17413    Dryopteridaceae    Native       1

  50    Avena sativa                      41459    Poaceae            Introduced   Walk

  51    Barbarea vulgaris                 22741    Brassicaceae       Introduced   5

  52    Berberis thunbergii               18835    Berberidaceae      Introduced   6

  53    Betula lenta                      19487    Betulaceae         Native       Wiegand

  54    Bidens bipinnata                  500993   Asteraceae         Native       1

  55    Bidens coronata                   35706    Asteraceae         Native       Out

  56    Bidens frondosa                   35707    Asteraceae         Native       12

  57    Boehmeria cylindrica              19121    Urticaceae         Native       5

  58    Botrychium biternatum             17175    Ophioglossaceae    Native       1

  59    Botrychium dissectum              17171    Ophioglossaceae    Native       Walk

  60    Botrychium multifidum             17187    Ophioglossaceae    Native       2

  61    Botrychium virginianum            17173    Ophioglossaceae    Native       3

  62    Brassica nigra                    23061    Brassicaceae       Introduced   Out

  63    Brassica rapa                     23063    Brassicaceae       Introduced   1

  64    Bromus catharticus                501066   Poaceae            Introduced   1

  65    Bromus commutatus                 40497    Poaceae            Introduced   3

  66    Bromus inermis                    40502    Poaceae            Introduced   Walk

  67    Bromus pubescens                  40514    Poaceae            Native       Wiegand

  68    Bromus sterilis                   40522    Poaceae            Introduced   2

  69    Bromus tectorum                   40524    Poaceae            Introduced   1

  70    Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium     30651    Convolvulaceae     Introduced   4

  71    Campsis radicans                  34309    Bignoniaceae       Native       1

  72    Capsella bursa-pastoris           22766    Brassicaceae       Introduced   1

  73    Cardamine bulbosa                 22769    Brassicaceae       Native       Wiegand

  74    Cardamine concatenata             22787    Brassicaceae       Native       3

  75    Carduus acanthoides               35785    Asteraceae         Introduced   3

  76    Carduus nutans                    35787    Asteraceae         Introduced   Out

  77    Carex                             39369    Cyperaceae         Native       5

  78    Carex abscondita                  39475    Cyperaceae         Native       1

  79    Carex albicans var. albicans      527064   Cyperaceae         Native       2

  80    Carex amphibola                   39491    Cyperaceae         Native       12

  81    Carex annectens                   39373    Cyperaceae         Native       1

  82    Carex argyrantha                  39503    Cyperaceae         Native       1

  83    Carex blanda                      39379    Cyperaceae         Native       10

  84    Carex caroliniana                 39382    Cyperaceae         Native       Walk

  85    Carex cephalophora                39383    Cyperaceae         Native       3

  86    Carex conjuncta                   39555    Cyperaceae         Native       4

  87    Carex digitalis                   39576    Cyperaceae         Native       2

  88    Carex frankii                     39393    Cyperaceae         Native       6

  89    Carex glaucodea                   39616    Cyperaceae         Native       1

  90    Carex grayi                       39622    Cyperaceae         Native       10

  91    Carex grisea                      510206   Cyperaceae         Native       3

  92    Carex hirsutella                  39636    Cyperaceae         Native       1

  93    Carex intumescens                 39403    Cyperaceae         Native       1

  94    Carex jamesii                     39404    Cyperaceae         Native       4

  95    Carex laevivaginata               39410    Cyperaceae         Native       Walk

  96    Carex laxiculmis                  39411    Cyperaceae         Native       3

  97    Carex laxiflora                   39662    Cyperaceae         Native       1

  98    Carex lurida                      39414    Cyperaceae         Native       2

  99    Carex molesta                     39704    Cyperaceae         Native       Walk

  100   Carex normalis                    39720    Cyperaceae         Native       Walk

  101   Carex oligocarpa                  39728    Cyperaceae         Native       1

  102   Carex platyphylla                 39761    Cyperaceae         Native       1

  103   Carex radiata                     39778    Cyperaceae         Native       1

  104   Carex rosea                       39429    Cyperaceae         Native       2

  105   Carex swanii                      39437    Cyperaceae         Native       7

  106   Carex tonsa var. rugosperma       566213   Cyperaceae         Native       1

  107   Carex tribuloides                 39438    Cyperaceae         Native       Walk

  108   Carex virescens                   39867    Cyperaceae         Native       2

  109   Carex vulpinoidea                 39442    Cyperaceae         Native       Walk

  110   Carex willdenowii                 39443    Cyperaceae         Native       1

  111   Carpinus caroliniana              19504    Betulaceae         Native       8

  112   Carya alba                        501306   Juglandaceae       Native       6

  113   Carya cordiformis                 19227    Juglandaceae       Native       21

  114   Carya glabra                      19231    Juglandaceae       Native       9

  115   Carya ovata                       19243    Juglandaceae       Native       2

  116   Catalpa speciosa                  34315    Bignoniaceae       Native       Out

  117   Caulophyllum thalictroides        18840    Berberidaceae      Native       Walk

  118   Celastrus orbiculatus             506068   Celastraceae       Introduced   2

  119   Celtis occidentalis               19040    Ulmaceae           Native       41

  120   Cephalanthus occidentalis         34786    Rubiaceae          Native       Walk

  121   Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare   523831   Caryophyllaceae    Introduced   2

  122   Cercis canadensis                 25782    Fabaceae           Native       1

  123   Chaerophyllum procumbens          29616    Apiaceae           Native       Wiegand

  124   Chamaesyce maculata               565061   Euphorbiaceae      Native       1

  125   Chelidonium majus                 501481   Papaveraceae       Introduced   Walk

  126   Chelone glabra                    33182    Scrophulariaceae   Native       Walk

  127   Chenopodium album                 20592    Chenopodiaceae     Introduced   16

  128   Chenopodium ambrosioides          20590    Chenopodiaceae     Introduced   Wiegand

  129   Chimaphila maculata               23767    Pyrolaceae         Native       Walk

  130   Cichorium intybus                 36763    Asteraceae         Introduced   1

  131   Cimicifuga racemosa               18757    Ranunculaceae      Native       Wiegand

  132   Cinna arundinacea                 40583    Poaceae            Native       Walk

  133   Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis 27569    Onagraceae         Native       8

  134   Cirsium arvense                   36335    Asteraceae         Introduced   4

  135   Cirsium vulgare                   36428    Asteraceae         Introduced   2

  136   Claytonia virginica               20382    Portulacaceae      Native       25

  137   Clematis virginiana               18716    Ranunculaceae      Native       Wiegand

  138   Collinsonia canadensis            32474    Lamiaceae          Native       Walk

  139   Commelina communis                39127    Commelinaceae      Introduced   5

  140   Conium maculatum                  29473    Apiaceae           Introduced   5

  141   Conoclinium coelestinum           511282   Asteraceae         Native       Walk

  142   Conopholis americana              34274    Orobanchaceae      Native       Wiegand

  143   Conyza canadensis                 37113    Asteraceae         Native       Walk

  144   Cornus amomum                     27799    Cornaceae          Native       Walk

  145   Cornus florida                    27806    Cornaceae          Native       6

  146   Coronilla varia                   26553    Fabaceae           Introduced   Wiegand

  147   Corydalis flavula                 19005    Fumariaceae        Native       6

  148   Crataegus                         24539    Rosaceae           Unknown      1

  149   Cruciata pedemontana              502717   Rubiaceae          Introduced   Walk

  150   Cryptotaenia canadensis           29475    Apiaceae           Native       11

  151   Cuphea viscosissima               501842   Lythraceae         Native       Walk

  152   Cuscuta gronovii                  30712    Cuscutaceae        Native       2

  153   Cynanchum laeve                   501893   Asclepiadaceae     Native       Walk

  154   Cynodon dactylon                  41619    Poaceae            Introduced   1

  155   Cyperus strigosus                 39901    Cyperaceae         Native       2

  156   Dactylis glomerata                193446   Poaceae            Introduced   11

  157   Danthonia spicata                 41642    Poaceae            Native       2

  158   Datura stramonium                 30520    Solanaceae         Introduced   Walk

  159   Daucus carota                     29477    Apiaceae           Introduced   3

  160   Delphinium tricorne               18515    Ranunculaceae      Native       Wiegand

  161   Dennstaedtia punctilobula         17491    Dennstaedtiaceae   Native       2

  162   Desmodium canescens               25792    Fabaceae           Native       Walk

  163   Desmodium nudiflorum              25812    Fabaceae           Native       2

  164   Desmodium perplexum               25785    Fabaceae           Native       Walk

  165   Dianthus armeria                  20276    Caryophyllaceae    Introduced   2

  166   Dicentra canadensis               18943    Fumariaceae        Native       1

  167   Dicentra cucullaria               18945    Fumariaceae        Native       2

  168   Dichanthelium boscii              41655    Poaceae            Native       Walk

  169   Dichanthelium depauperatum        41658    Poaceae            Native       Walk

  170   Dichanthelium dichotomum var.     527691   Poaceae            Native       1
        dichotomum                                                                 

  171   Digitaria filiformis              40608    Poaceae            Native       Out

  172   Dioscorea quaternata              43371    Dioscoreaceae      Native       5

  173   Dipsacus fullonum ssp. sylvestris 524924   Dipsacaceae        Introduced   Walk

  174   Dryopteris carthusiana            502157   Dryopteridaceae    Native       Walk

  175   Dryopteris intermedia             17538    Dryopteridaceae    Native       1

  176   Dryopteris marginalis             17541    Dryopteridaceae    Native       2

  177   Duchesnea indica                  25163    Rosaceae           Introduced   29

  178   Echinochloa crus-galli            502210   Poaceae            Introduced   4

  179   Eclipta prostrata                 196226   Asteraceae         Native       2

  180   Elaeagnus umbellata               27776    Elaeagnaceae       Introduced   Out

  181   Eleocharis ovata                  40061    Cyperaceae         Native       Walk

  182   Eleusine indica                   41692    Poaceae            Introduced   Out

  183   Elymus hystrix var. hystrix       527866   Poaceae            Native       Wiegand

  184   Elymus repens                     512839   Poaceae            Introduced   1

  185   Elymus riparius                   40706    Poaceae            Native       15

  186   Elymus villosus                   40714    Poaceae            Native       Walk

  187   Elymus virginicus                 40681    Poaceae            Native       6

  188   Elymus wiegandii                  40715    Poaceae            Native       Walk

  189   Epifagus virginiana               34276    Orobanchaceae      Native       2

  190   Erigenia bulbosa                  29661    Apiaceae           Native       Wiegand

  191   Erigeron annuus                   35804    Asteraceae         Native       6

  192   Erigeron philadelphicus           35809    Asteraceae         Native       Wiegand

  193   Erigeron pulchellus               35808    Asteraceae         Native       1

  194   Erythronium americanum            196365   Liliaceae          Native       2

  195   Eupatorium fistulosum             502509   Asteraceae         Native       Walk

  196   Eupatorium perfoliatum            35980    Asteraceae         Native       1

  197   Eurybia divaricata                513440   Asteraceae         Native       11

  198   Eurybia macrophylla               513449   Asteraceae         Native       Walk

  199   Fagus grandifolia                 19462    Fagaceae           Native       11

  200   Festuca rubra                     40796    Poaceae            Native       1

  201   Festuca subverticillata           502612   Poaceae            Native       29

  202   Floerkea proserpinacoides         29167    Limnanthaceae      Native       2

  203   Forsythia viridissima             32963    Oleaceae           Introduced   Walk

  204   Fraxinus americana                32931    Oleaceae           Native       9

  205   Fraxinus pennsylvanica            32929    Oleaceae           Native       26

  206   Galactia volubilis                26703    Fabaceae           Native       1

  207   Galearis spectabilis              43591    Orchidaceae        Native       Wiegand

  208   Galinsoga parviflora              37414    Asteraceae         Introduced   Wiegand

  209   Galinsoga quadriradiata           37415    Asteraceae         Introduced   1

  210   Galium aparine                    34797    Rubiaceae          Native       3

  211   Galium asprellum                  34798    Rubiaceae          Native       Wiegand

  212   Galium circaezans                 34800    Rubiaceae          Native       6

  213   Galium concinnum                  34848    Rubiaceae          Native       7

  214   Galium mollugo                    34891    Rubiaceae          Introduced   4

  215   Galium tinctorium                 34803    Rubiaceae          Native       Wiegand

  216   Galium triflorum                  34933    Rubiaceae          Native       2

  217   Gaylussacia baccata               23660    Ericaceae          Native       1

  218   Geranium maculatum                29107    Geraniaceae        Native       Wiegand

  219   Geranium pusillum                 29115    Geraniaceae        Introduced   2

  220   Geum canadense                    24645    Rosaceae           Native       32

  221   Glechoma hederacea                502801   Lamiaceae          Introduced   20

  222   Gleditsia triacanthos             26714    Fabaceae           Native       4

  223   Glyceria striata                  40833    Poaceae            Native       Walk

  224   Goodyera pubescens                43594    Orchidaceae        Native       Wiegand

  225   Gymnocladus dioicus               502851   Fabaceae           Native       1

  226   Hackelia virginiana               31921    Boraginaceae       Native       10

  227   Hamamelis virginiana              19033    Hamamelidaceae     Native       2

  228   Hedeoma pulegioides               32520    Lamiaceae          Native       1

  229   Hedera helix                      29393    Araliaceae         Introduced   1

  230   Helenium autumnale                36006    Asteraceae         Native       Out

  231   Helianthus decapetalus            502923   Asteraceae         Native       Wiegand

  232   Hemerocallis fulva                42943    Liliaceae          Introduced   Walk

  233   Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa      528379   Ranunculaceae      Native       Wiegand

  234   Hesperis matronalis               23138    Brassicaceae       Introduced   2

  235   Heuchera americana                24340    Saxifragaceae      Native       Walk

  236   Hibiscus syriacus                 21638    Malvaceae          Introduced   Walk

  237   Hieracium kalmii                  503023   Asteraceae         Native       Walk

  238   Hieracium scabrum                 37727    Asteraceae         Native       1

  239   Hieracium venosum                 37734    Asteraceae         Native       Wiegand

  240   Houstonia longifolia              35045    Rubiaceae          Native       1

  241   Humulus japonicus                 503065   Cannabaceae        Introduced   11

  242   Hydrangea arborescens             24195    Hydrangeaceae      Native       Walk

  243   Hydrophyllum virginianum          31396    Hydrophyllaceae    Native       8

  244   Hylotelephium telephioides        565232   Crassulaceae       Native       Walk

  245   Hypericum canadense               21417    Clusiaceae         Native       Wiegand

  246   Hypericum perforatum              21454    Clusiaceae         Introduced   2

  247   Hypericum punctatum               21422    Clusiaceae         Native       2

  248   Hypoxis hirsuta                   503146   Iridaceae          Native       1

  249   Impatiens capensis                29182    Balsaminaceae      Native       24

  250   Impatiens pallida                 29189    Balsaminaceae      Native       Walk

  251   Ipomoea hederacea                 503177   Convolvulaceae     Introduced   1

  252   Ipomoea lacunosa                  30776    Convolvulaceae     Native       2

  253   Juglans nigra                     19254    Juglandaceae       Native       18

  254   Juncus effusus                    39232    Juncaceae          Native       3

  255   Juncus tenuis                     39243    Juncaceae          Native       16

  256   Juniperus virginiana              18048    Cupressaceae       Native       1

  257   Justicia americana                34352    Acanthaceae        Native       Walk

  258   Kalmia latifolia                  23677    Ericaceae          Native       1

  259   Lactuca biennis                   36597    Asteraceae         Native       1

  260   Lactuca floridana                 36599    Asteraceae         Native       1

  261   Lactuca serriola                  36608    Asteraceae         Introduced   1

  262   Lamium purpureum                  32543    Lamiaceae          Introduced   6

  263   Laportea canadensis               19127    Urticaceae         Native       11

  264   Leersia oryzoides                 40886    Poaceae            Native       1

  265   Leonurus cardiaca                 32548    Lamiaceae          Introduced   1

  266   Lepidium campestre                22954    Brassicaceae       Introduced   1

  267   Lespedeza virginica               25915    Fabaceae           Native       Walk

  268   Ligustrum vulgare                 32980    Oleaceae           Introduced   2

  269   Linaria vulgaris                  33216    Scrophulariaceae   Introduced   Walk

  270   Lindera benzoin                   18147    Lauraceae          Native       25

  271   Lindernia dubia                   33221    Scrophulariaceae   Native       Wiegand

  272   Liriodendron tulipifera           18086    Magnoliaceae       Native       16

  273   Lobelia cardinalis                34505    Campanulaceae      Native       Walk

  274   Lobelia inflata                   34524    Campanulaceae      Native       9

  275   Lobelia siphilitica               34531    Campanulaceae      Native       1

  276   Lobelia spicata                   34532    Campanulaceae      Native       1

  277   Lolium perenne                    40893    Poaceae            Introduced   1

  278   Lolium pratense                   507983   Poaceae            Introduced   10

  279   Lonicera japonica                 35283    Caprifoliaceae     Introduced   33

  280   Lonicera maackii                  35298    Caprifoliaceae     Introduced   5

  281   Lonicera morrowii                 35299    Caprifoliaceae     Introduced   8

  282   Ludwigia alternifolia             27335    Onagraceae         Native       Wiegand

  283   Ludwigia palustris                27336    Onagraceae         Native       Wiegand

  284   Luzula multiflora                 39333    Juncaceae          Native       Wiegand

  285   Lycopus americanus                32254    Lamiaceae          Native       Wiegand

  286   Lycopus virginicus                32255    Lamiaceae          Native       4

  287   Lysimachia ciliata                23984    Primulaceae        Native       Wiegand

  288   Lysimachia nummularia             23993    Primulaceae        Introduced   11

  289   Maclura pomifera                  19102    Moraceae           Native       8

  290   Maianthemum racemosum ssp.        524297   Liliaceae          Native       7
        racemosum                                                                  

  291   Malus sylvestris                  25264    Rosaceae           Unknown      Walk

  292   Malva neglecta                    21836    Malvaceae          Introduced   Walk

  293   Matricaria discoidea              501470   Asteraceae         Introduced   Walk

  294   Medeola virginiana                42963    Liliaceae          Native       Wiegand

  295   Medicago lupulina                 503721   Fabaceae           Introduced   Out

  296   Melilotus alba                    26149    Fabaceae           Introduced   Walk

  297   Melilotus officinalis             26150    Fabaceae           Introduced   Out

  298   Menispermum canadense             18871    Menispermaceae     Native       3

  299   Mentha X piperita                 32275    Lamiaceae          Introduced   1

  300   Mertensia virginica               31673    Boraginaceae       Native       13

  301   Microstegium vimineum             503829   Poaceae            Introduced   28

  302   Mimulus alatus                    33234    Scrophulariaceae   Native       1

  303   Mimulus ringens                   33235    Scrophulariaceae   Native       Wiegand

  304   Mitchella repens                  35063    Rubiaceae          Native       Walk

  305   Mollugo verticillata              19899    Molluginaceae      Native       1

  306   Monotropa uniflora                23778    Monotropaceae      Native       1

  307   Morus alba                        19066    Moraceae           Introduced   3

  308   Morus rubra                       19070    Moraceae           Native       4

  309   Muhlenbergia frondosa             41915    Poaceae            Native       4

  310   Muhlenbergia schreberi            41939    Poaceae            Native       18

  311   Nepeta cataria                    32623    Lamiaceae          Introduced   3

  312   Nyssa sylvatica                   27821    Nyssaceae          Native       7

  313   Oenothera biennis                 27368    Onagraceae         Native       Walk

  314   Onoclea sensibilis                17637    Dryopteridaceae    Native       Walk

  315   Ornithogalum umbellatum           42754    Liliaceae          Introduced   Out

  316   Osmorhiza claytonii               29789    Apiaceae           Native       Wiegand

  317   Osmorhiza longistylis             29791    Apiaceae           Native       2

  318   Ostrya virginiana                 19511    Betulaceae         Native       3

  319   Oxalis stricta                    29095    Oxalidaceae        Native       37

  320   Packera aurea                     518139   Asteraceae         Native       Wiegand

  321   Panicum                           40901    Poaceae            Unknown      2

  322   Panicum rigidulum var. pubescens  529368   Poaceae            Native       Walk

  323   Parietaria pensylvanica           19169    Urticaceae         Native       2

  324   Paronychia canadensis             20325    Caryophyllaceae    Native       Walk

  325   Paronychia fastigiata             20334    Caryophyllaceae    Native       Wiegand

  326   Parthenocissus quinquefolia       28602    Vitaceae           Native       37

  327   Paulownia tomentosa               33460    Scrophulariaceae   Introduced   2

  328   Pennisetum glaucum                565385   Poaceae            Introduced   Walk

  329   Perilla frutescens                32634    Lamiaceae          Introduced   18

  330   Phalaris arundinacea              41335    Poaceae            Native       Walk

  331   Phleum pratense                   41062    Poaceae            Introduced   4

  332   Phlox divaricata                  30934    Polemoniaceae      Native       Wiegand

  333   Phlox paniculata                  30973    Polemoniaceae      Native       Wiegand

  334   Phryma leptostachya               504348   Verbenaceae        Native       Walk

  335   Phyla lanceolata                  32196    Verbenaceae        Native       Wiegand

  336   Physalis longifolia var.          529629   Solanaceae         Native       Walk
        subglabrata                                                                

  337   Phytolacca americana              19523    Phytolaccaceae     Native       31

  338   Picea abies                       183289   Pinaceae           Introduced   Out

  339   Pilea pumila                      19130    Urticaceae         Native       26

  340   Pinus rigida                      183376   Pinaceae           Native       Walk

  341   Pinus strobus                     183385   Pinaceae           Native       1

  342   Pinus virginiana                  183394   Pinaceae           Native       Walk

  343   Plantago lanceolata               32874    Plantaginaceae     Introduced   4

  344   Plantago major                    32887    Plantaginaceae     Native       7

  345   Plantago rugelii                  504439   Plantaginaceae     Native       3

  346   Platanus occidentalis             19020    Platanaceae        Native       8

  347   Poa annua                         41107    Poaceae            Introduced   1

  348   Poa pratensis                     41088    Poaceae            Introduced   5

  349   Poa sylvestris                    41162    Poaceae            Native       1

  350   Poa trivialis                     41163    Poaceae            Introduced   25

  351   Podophyllum peltatum              18850    Berberidaceae      Native       3

  352   Polygonatum biflorum              43006    Liliaceae          Native       2

  353   Polygonum arifolium               20849    Polygonaceae       Native       Walk

  354   Polygonum aviculare               20876    Polygonaceae       Introduced   3

  355   Polygonum caespitosum             20852    Polygonaceae       Introduced   40

  356   Polygonum erectum                 20893    Polygonaceae       Native       1

  357   Polygonum hydropiperoides         20857    Polygonaceae       Native       5

  358   Polygonum lapathifolium           20860    Polygonaceae       Native       2

  359   Polygonum pensylvanicum           20861    Polygonaceae       Native       4

  360   Polygonum perfoliatum             20914    Polygonaceae       Introduced   2

  361   Polygonum persicaria              20915    Polygonaceae       Introduced   19

  362   Polygonum sagittatum              20863    Polygonaceae       Native       4

  363   Polygonum virginianum             20931    Polygonaceae       Native       13

  364   Polypodium virginianum            17242    Polypodiaceae      Native       Walk

  365   Polystichum acrostichoides        17675    Dryopteridaceae    Native       1

  366   Populus deltoides                 22445    Salicaceae         Native       Wiegand

  367   Potentilla canadensis             24698    Rosaceae           Native       1

  368   Potentilla recta                  24742    Rosaceae           Introduced   Wiegand

  369   Potentilla simplex                24751    Rosaceae           Native       Wiegand

  370   Prenanthes trifoliolata           504596   Asteraceae         Native       1

  371   Prunella vulgaris                 32381    Lamiaceae          Native       1

  372   Prunus avium                      24770    Rosaceae           Introduced   Walk

  373   Prunus cerasus                    24773    Rosaceae           Introduced   1

  374   Prunus pensylvanica               24799    Rosaceae           Native       11

  375   Prunus serotina                   24764    Rosaceae           Native       27

  376   Prunus virginiana                 24806    Rosaceae           Native       1

  377   Quercus alba                      19290    Fagaceae           Native       6

  378   Quercus bicolor                   19300    Fagaceae           Native       1

  379   Quercus coccinea                  19288    Fagaceae           Native       1

  380   Quercus palustris                 19281    Fagaceae           Native       Walk

  381   Quercus prinus                    19398    Fagaceae           Native       5

  382   Quercus rubra                     19408    Fagaceae           Native       9

  383   Quercus velutina                  19447    Fagaceae           Native       8

  384   Ranunculus abortivus              18559    Ranunculaceae      Native       4

  385   Ranunculus acris                  18583    Ranunculaceae      Introduced   Wiegand

  386   Ranunculus bulbosus               18594    Ranunculaceae      Introduced   1

  387   Ranunculus recurvatus             18641    Ranunculaceae      Native       Walk

  388   Ranunculus sardous                18645    Ranunculaceae      Introduced   Out

  389   Ranunculus sceleratus             18576    Ranunculaceae      Native       1

  390   Rhexia mariana                    27685    Melastomataceae    Native       2

  391   Robinia pseudoacacia              504804   Fabaceae           Native       16

  392   Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum      22993    Brassicaceae       Native       Walk

  393   Rorippa sylvestris                23017    Brassicaceae       Introduced   Out

  394   Rosa multiflora                   24833    Rosaceae           Introduced   32

  395   Rubus allegheniensis              24866    Rosaceae           Native       18

  396   Rubus occidentalis                24854    Rosaceae           Native       6

  397   Rubus phoenicolasius              25017    Rosaceae           Introduced   3

  398   Rudbeckia hirta                   36765    Asteraceae         Native       1

  399   Rudbeckia laciniata               36775    Asteraceae         Native       Walk

  400   Rumex crispus                     20937    Polygonaceae       Introduced   3

  401   Rumex hastatulus                  20938    Polygonaceae       Native       1

  402   Rumex obtusifolius                20939    Polygonaceae       Introduced   13

  403   Salix nigra                       22484    Salicaceae         Native       3

  404   Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis    525079   Caprifoliaceae     Native       1

  405   Sanguinaria canadensis            18990    Papaveraceae       Native       2

  406   Sanicula canadensis               29850    Apiaceae           Native       16

  407   Sassafras albidum                 18158    Lauraceae          Native       3

  408   Saururus cernuus                  18221    Saururaceae        Native       Wiegand

  409   Saxifraga virginiensis            24303    Saxifragaceae      Native       1

  410   Scirpus atrovirens                40227    Cyperaceae         Native       Walk

  411   Scrophularia marilandica          34037    Scrophulariaceae   Native       2

  412   Scutellaria elliptica             32796    Lamiaceae          Native       Wiegand

  413   Scutellaria nervosa               32808    Lamiaceae          Native       1

  414   Sedum ternatum                    24184    Crassulaceae       Native       2

  415   Senna hebecarpa                   505155   Fabaceae           Native       1

  416   Setaria                           41229    Poaceae            Introduced   1

  417   Setaria faberi                    41244    Poaceae            Introduced   Walk

  418   Setaria pumila                    505192   Poaceae            Introduced   Walk

  419   Sicyos angulatus                  22402    Cucurbitaceae      Native       3

  420   Sida spinosa                      21732    Malvaceae          Native       1

  421   Silene latifolia ssp. alba        524706   Caryophyllaceae    Introduced   Walk

  422   Silene stellata                   20127    Caryophyllaceae    Native       Walk

  423   Sisymbrium officinale             23316    Brassicaceae       Introduced   Out

  424   Sisyrinchium angustifolium        43240    Iridaceae          Native       1

  425   Smilax rotundifolia               43346    Smilacaceae        Native       16

  426   Solanum carolinense               30413    Solanaceae         Native       6

  427   Solanum dulcamara                 30414    Solanaceae         Introduced   2

  428   Solanum nigrum                    565525   Solanaceae         Introduced   5

  429   Solidago                          36223    Asteraceae         Native       2

  430   Solidago bicolor                  36234    Asteraceae         Native       Walk

  431   Solidago caesia                   36238    Asteraceae         Native       1

  432   Solidago canadensis               36224    Asteraceae         Native       12

  433   Solidago flexicaulis              36257    Asteraceae         Native       2

  434   Solidago juncea                   36270    Asteraceae         Native       Wiegand

  435   Solidago rugosa                   36299    Asteraceae         Native       Walk

  436   Sonchus asper                     38424    Asteraceae         Introduced   Walk

  437   Sorghastrum nutans                42102    Poaceae            Native       2

  438   Sorghum halepense                 42111    Poaceae            Introduced   Out

  439   Sphenopholis obtusata             41279    Poaceae            Native       1

  440   Stachys palustris                 32344    Lamiaceae          Native       Wiegand

  441   Stachys tenuifolia                32323    Lamiaceae          Native       1

  442   Staphylea trifolia                28646    Staphyleaceae      Native       Wiegand

  443   Stellaria graminea                20181    Caryophyllaceae    Introduced   1

  444   Stellaria media                   20169    Caryophyllaceae    Introduced   11

  445   Stellaria pubera                  20193    Caryophyllaceae    Native       23

  446   Symphyotrichum                    564906   Asteraceae         Native       3

  447   Symphyotrichum cordifolium        522193   Asteraceae         Native       1

  448   Symphyotrichum divaricatum        522198   Asteraceae         Native       Walk

  449   Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var.   566832   Asteraceae         Native       Out
        lanceolatum                                                                

  450   Symphyotrichum patens var. patens 566339   Asteraceae         Native       Wiegand

  451   Symphyotrichum shortii            522246   Asteraceae         Native       2

  452   Symplocarpus foetidus             42538    Araceae            Native       Walk

  453   Taraxacum officinale              36213    Asteraceae         Introduced   20

  454   Teucrium canadense var. canadense 530630   Lamiaceae          Native       3

  455   Thalictrum thalictroides          18683    Ranunculaceae      Native       Walk

  456   Thelypteris noveboracensis        17261    Thelypteridaceae   Native       1

  457   Tilia americana                   21536    Tiliaceae          Native       Wiegand

  458   Toxicodendron radicans            28821    Anacardiaceae      Native       42

  459   Tragopogon dubius                 38564    Asteraceae         Introduced   Walk

  460   Tridens flavus                    42227    Poaceae            Native       Walk

  461   Trifolium aureum                  26223    Fabaceae           Introduced   Out

  462   Trifolium campestre               26231    Fabaceae           Introduced   2

  463   Trifolium pratense                26313    Fabaceae           Introduced   3

  464   Trifolium repens                  26206    Fabaceae           Introduced   6

  465   Trillium sessile                  43088    Liliaceae          Native       Wiegand

  466   Triticum aestivum                 42237    Poaceae            Introduced   2

  467   Tsuga canadensis                  183397   Pinaceae           Native       Walk

  468   Ulmus americana                   19049    Ulmaceae           Native       7

  469   Ulmus rubra                       19050    Ulmaceae           Native       29

  470   Urtica dioica                     19152    Urticaceae         Introduced   10

  471   Uvularia perfoliata               43110    Liliaceae          Native       Wiegand

  472   Uvularia sessilifolia             43112    Liliaceae          Native       1

  473   Vaccinium pallidum                23610    Ericaceae          Native       1

  474   Vaccinium stamineum               23615    Ericaceae          Native       1

  475   Verbascum blattaria               33389    Scrophulariaceae   Introduced   Out

  476   Verbascum thapsus                 33394    Scrophulariaceae   Introduced   3

  477   Verbena urticifolia               32127    Verbenaceae        Native       8

  478   Verbesina alternifolia            38597    Asteraceae         Native       18

  479   Veronica americana                33399    Scrophulariaceae   Native       1

  480   Veronica arvensis                 33411    Scrophulariaceae   Introduced   11

  481   Veronica officinalis              33398    Scrophulariaceae   Native       2

  482   Veronica persica                  33405    Scrophulariaceae   Introduced   Out

  483   Veronica serpyllifolia            33423    Scrophulariaceae   Introduced   2

  484   Viburnum dentatum                 35251    Caprifoliaceae     Native       Wiegand

  485   Viburnum prunifolium              35253    Caprifoliaceae     Native       5

  486   Vinca minor                       30238    Apocynaceae        Introduced   2

  487   Viola bicolor                     22047    Violaceae          Native       1

  488   Viola palmata                     22125    Violaceae          Native       Wiegand

  489   Viola pubescens                   22144    Violaceae          Native       Walk

  490   Viola sororia                     22169    Violaceae          Native       29

  491   Viola striata                     22171    Violaceae          Native       3

  492   Vitis aestivalis                  28607    Vitaceae           Native       1

  493   Vitis riparia                     28624    Vitaceae           Native       32

  494   Vitis rotundifolia                28609    Vitaceae           Native       1

  495   Vitis vulpina                     28610    Vitaceae           Native       3

  496   Wolffia brasiliensis              505750   Lemnaceae          Native       Walk

  497   Xanthium strumarium               38692    Asteraceae         Native       4

  498   Zea mays                          42269    Poaceae            Introduced   2
  ----- --------------------------------- -------- ------------------ ------------ ---------

Appendix 3. Identity and nativeness of species found at Wolf Trap Farm
Park. The table also includes unique numbers for each species (TSN) and
the number of times each species was encountered in 5 inventoried plots
(Count). If the species was encountered outside of the plots in a
walk-through, the entry is recorded as "0".

  ----- -------------------------------- ------------------ -------- ------------ -------
  ID    Species                          Family             TSN      Nativeness   Count

  1     Acalypha rhomboidea              Euphorbiaceae      28193    Native       0

  2     Acer platanoides                 Aceraceae          28755    Introduced   0

  3     Acer rubrum                      Aceraceae          28728    Native       5

  4     Acer saccharinum                 Aceraceae          28757    Native       0

  5     Ailanthus altissima              Simaroubaceae      28827    Introduced   1

  6     Albizia julibrissin              Fabaceae           26449    Introduced   0

  7     Alliaria petiolata               Brassicaceae       184481   Introduced   1

  8     Ambrosia trifida                 Asteraceae         36521    Native       0

  9     Amelanchier arborea              Rosaceae           25110    Native       2

  10    Amphicarpaea bracteata           Fabaceae           182067   Native       2

  11    Anthoxanthum odoratum            Poaceae            41395    Introduced   0

  12    Apocynum cannabinum              Apocynaceae        30157    Native       0

  13    Arisaema triphyllum              Araceae            42525    Native       1

  14    Artemisia vulgaris               Asteraceae         35505    Introduced   0

  15    Asplenium platyneuron            Aspleniaceae       17355    Native       1

  16    Athyrium filix-femina            Dryopteridaceae    17413    Native       1

  17    Berberis thunbergii              Berberidaceae      18835    Introduced   0

  18    Betula nigra                     Betulaceae         19480    Native       1

  19    Bidens frondosa                  Asteraceae         35707    Native       1

  20    Boehmeria cylindrica             Urticaceae         19121    Native       1

  21    Botrychium virginianum           Ophioglossaceae    17173    Native       0

  22    Carex aggregata                  Cyperaceae         39483    Native       0

  23    Carex crinita                    Cyperaceae         39385    Native       0

  24    Carex debilis                    Cyperaceae         39572    Native       1

  25    Carex grisea                     Cyperaceae         510206   Native       0

  26    Carex intumescens                Cyperaceae         39403    Native       0

  27    Carex laevivaginata              Cyperaceae         39410    Native       0

  28    Carex laxiculmis                 Cyperaceae         39411    Native       0

  29    Carex longii                     Cyperaceae         501240   Native       0

  30    Carex lurida                     Cyperaceae         39414    Native       0

  31    Carex platyphylla                Cyperaceae         39761    Native       1

  32    Carex radiata                    Cyperaceae         39778    Native       0

  33    Carex swanii                     Cyperaceae         39437    Native       1

  34    Carex tribuloides                Cyperaceae         39438    Native       0

  35    Carex vulpinoidea                Cyperaceae         39442    Native       0

  36    Carpinus caroliniana             Betulaceae         19504    Native       2

  37    Carya alba                       Juglandaceae       501306   Native       2

  38    Carya glabra                     Juglandaceae       19231    Native       4

  39    Castanea dentata                 Fagaceae           19454    Native       1

  40    Celastrus orbiculatus            Celastraceae       506068   Introduced   2

  41    Cerastium fontanum ssp. Vulgare  Caryophyllaceae    523831   Introduced   0

  42    Chimaphila maculata              Pyrolaceae         23767    Native       3

  43    Chionanthus virginicus           Oleaceae           32950    Native       1

  44    Cichorium intybus                Asteraceae         36763    Introduced   0

  45    Cinna arundinacea                Poaceae            40583    Native       1

  46    Circaea lutetiana ssp.           Onagraceae         27569    Native       1
        canadensis                                                                

  47    Commelina communis               Commelinaceae      39127    Introduced   1

  48    Conyza canadensis                Asteraceae         37113    Native       0

  49    Cornus canadensis                Cornaceae          27816    Native       0

  50    Cornus florida                   Cornaceae          27806    Native       2

  51    Coronilla varia                  Fabaceae           26553    Introduced   0

  52    Cuscuta gronovii                 Cuscutaceae        30712    Native       1

  53    Cyperus echinatus                Cyperaceae         501920   Native       0

  54    Cyperus strigosus                Cyperaceae         39901    Native       0

  55    Cypripedium acaule               Orchidaceae        43534    Native       0

  56    Dennstaedtia punctilobula        Dennstaedtiaceae   17491    Native       3

  57    Desmodium glabellum              Fabaceae           25799    Native       0

  58    Desmodium nudiflorum             Fabaceae           25812    Native       3

  59    Dichanthelium boscii             Poaceae            41655    Native       1

  60    Dichanthelium clandestinum       Poaceae            41656    Native       0

  61    Dichanthelium dichotomum var.    Poaceae            41659    Native       1
        dichotomum                                                                

  62    Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon var. Poaceae            527701   Native       0
        isophyllum                                                                

  63    Dioscorea quaternata             Dioscoreaceae      43371    Native       1

  64    Dioscorea villosa                Dioscoreaceae      43367    Native       2

  65    Duchesnea indica                 Rosaceae           25163    Introduced   0

  66    Elephantopus carolinianus        Asteraceae         37297    Native       0

  67    Elymus virginicus                Poaceae            40681    Native       1

  68    Euonymus americana               Celastraceae       502577   Native       0

  69    Eupatorium fistulosum            Asteraceae         502509   Native       0

  70    Eupatorium purpureum             Asteraceae         502522   Native       0

  71    Euphorbia dentata                Euphorbiaceae      502535   Introduced   0

  72    Fagus grandifolia                Fagaceae           19462    Native       0

  73    Festuca subverticillata          Poaceae            502612   Native       0

  74    Fraxinus americana               Oleaceae           32931    Native       0

  75    Fraxinus pennsylvanica           Oleaceae           32929    Native       1

  76    Galium circaezans                Rubiaceae          34800    Native       0

  77    Galium lanceolatum               Rubiaceae          34882    Native       0

  78    Galium triflorum                 Rubiaceae          34933    Native       0

  79    Gaylussacia baccata              Ericaceae          23660    Native       2

  80    Geum canadense                   Rosaceae           24645    Native       1

  81    Glyceria obtusa                  Poaceae            40832    Native       0

  82    Glyceria striata                 Poaceae            40833    Native       0

  83    Hamamelis virginiana             Hamamelidaceae     19033    Native       1

  84    Hieracium kalmii                 Asteraceae         503023   Native       0

  85    Houstonia longifolia             Rubiaceae          35045    Native       0

  86    Houstonia purpurea               Rubiaceae          35051    Native       0

  87    Hypoxis hirsuta                  Iridaceae          503146   Native       0

  88    Ilex opaca                       Aquifoliaceae      27982    Native       2

  89    Ilex verticillata                Aquifoliaceae      27985    Native       1

  90    Impatiens capensis               Balsaminaceae      29182    Native       2

  91    Juncus effusus                   Juncaceae          39232    Native       0

  92    Juncus tenuis                    Juncaceae          39243    Native       0

  93    Juniperus virginiana             Cupressaceae       18048    Native       0

  94    Kalmia latifolia                 Ericaceae          23677    Native       3

  95    Leucothoe racemosa               Ericaceae          23549    Native       4

  96    Lindera benzoin                  Lauraceae          18147    Native       2

  97    Liriodendron tulipifera          Magnoliaceae       18086    Native       5

  98    Lobelia cardinalis               Campanulaceae      34505    Native       0

  99    Lobelia inflata                  Campanulaceae      34524    Native       0

  100   Lolium arundinaceum              Poaceae            507979   Introduced   0

  101   Lolium perenne                   Poaceae            40893    Introduced   0

  102   Lonicera japonica                Caprifoliaceae     35283    Introduced   1

  103   Lonicera maackii                 Caprifoliaceae     35298    Introduced   0

  104   Luzula acuminata                 Juncaceae          39336    Native       0

  105   Lycopodium digitatum             Lycopodiaceae      17028    Native       0

  106   Lycopus virginicus               Lamiaceae          32255    Native       1

  107   Lysimachia ciliata               Primulaceae        23984    Native       0

  108   Lysimachia nummularia            Primulaceae        23993    Introduced   0

  109   Maianthemum canadense            Liliaceae          503653   Native       0

  110   Maianthemum racemosum ssp.       Liliaceae          524297   Native       1
        Racemosum                                                                 

  111   Medeola virginiana               Liliaceae          42963    Native       2

  112   Microstegium vimineum            Poaceae            503829   Introduced   2

  113   Mitchella repens                 Rubiaceae          35063    Native       1

  114   Monotropa uniflora               Monotropaceae      23778    Native       1

  115   Muhlenbergia schreberi           Poaceae            41939    Native       0

  116   Nyssa sylvatica                  Nyssaceae          27821    Native       3

  117   Oenothera biennis                Onagraceae         27368    Native       0

  118   Onoclea sensibilis               Dryopteridaceae    17637    Native       1

  119   Osmunda cinnamomea               Osmundaceae        17219    Native       1

  120   Osmunda regalis                  Osmundaceae        17218    Native       1

  121   Oxalis stricta                   Oxalidaceae        29095    Native       1

  122   Parthenocissus quinquefolia      Vitaceae           28602    Native       4

  123   Phytolacca americana             Phytolaccaceae     19523    Native       0

  124   Picea abies                      Pinaceae           183289   Introduced   0

  125   Pilea pumila                     Urticaceae         19130    Native       1

  126   Pinus virginiana                 Pinaceae           183394   Native       2

  127   Plantago lanceolata              Plantaginaceae     32874    Introduced   0

  128   Plantago rugelii                 Plantaginaceae     504439   Native       0

  129   Platanus occidentalis            Platanaceae        19020    Native       0

  130   Poa trivialis                    Poaceae            41163    Introduced   0

  131   Podophyllum peltatum             Berberidaceae      18850    Native       0

  132   Polygonatum biflorum             Liliaceae          43006    Native       2

  133   Polygonum arifolium              Polygonaceae       20849    Native       0

  134   Polygonum caespitosum            Polygonaceae       20852    Introduced   1

  135   Polygonum hydropiper             Polygonaceae       20856    Introduced   1

  136   Polygonum perfoliatum            Polygonaceae       20914    Introduced   1

  137   Polygonum persicaria             Polygonaceae       20915    Introduced   0

  138   Polygonum sagittatum             Polygonaceae       20863    Native       1

  139   Polygonum virginianum            Polygonaceae       20931    Native       1

  140   Polypodium virginianum           Polypodiaceae      17242    Native       0

  141   Polystichum acrostichoides       Dryopteridaceae    17675    Native       1

  142   Potentilla simplex               Rosaceae           24751    Native       0

  143   Prenanthes                       Asteraceae         38268    Native       1

  144   Prunella vulgaris                Lamiaceae          32381    Native       0

  145   Prunus serotina                  Rosaceae           24764    Native       0

  146   Quercus alba                     Fagaceae           19290    Native       4

  147   Quercus coccinea                 Fagaceae           19288    Native       1

  148   Quercus imbricaria               Fagaceae           19359    Native       0

  149   Quercus michauxii                Fagaceae           19279    Native       0

  150   Quercus palustris                Fagaceae           19281    Native       0

  151   Quercus prinus                   Fagaceae           19398    Native       3

  152   Quercus rubra                    Fagaceae           19408    Native       2

  153   Quercus velutina                 Fagaceae           19447    Native       3

  154   Ranunculus ambigens              Ranunculaceae      18589    Native       0

  155   Rhododendron periclymenoides     Ericaceae          23726    Native       0

  156   Rosa multiflora                  Rosaceae           24833    Introduced   1

  157   Rubus allegheniensis             Rosaceae           24866    Native       1

  158   Rudbeckia hirta                  Asteraceae         36765    Native       0

  159   Rumex obtusifolius               Polygonaceae       20939    Introduced   0

  160   Salix nigra                      Salicaceae         22484    Native       0

  161   Sambucus nigra ssp. Canadensis   Caprifoliaceae     525079   Native       0

  162   Sassafras albidum                Lauraceae          18158    Native       3

  163   Saururus cernuus                 Saururaceae        18221    Native       1

  164   Scirpus                          Cyperaceae         40225    Native       0

  165   Scutellaria integrifolia         Lamiaceae          32801    Native       0

  166   Scutellaria nervosa              Lamiaceae          32808    Native       0

  167   Smilax glauca                    Smilacaceae        43342    Native       3

  168   Smilax rotundifolia              Smilacaceae        43346    Native       4

  169   Solanum carolinense              Solanaceae         30413    Native       0

  170   Solidago caesia                  Asteraceae         36238    Native       0

  171   Solidago nemoralis               Asteraceae         36281    Native       0

  172   Solidago odora                   Asteraceae         36284    Native       0

  173   Symphyotrichum divaricatum       Asteraceae         522198   Native       0

  174   Symphyotrichum ericoides var.    Asteraceae         566330   Native       0
        ericoides                                                                 

  175   Symplocarpus foetidus            Araceae            42538    Native       1

  176   Teucrium canadense               Lamiaceae          32352    Native       0

  177   Thalictrum dioicum               Ranunculaceae      18669    Native       0

  178   Thalictrum pubescens             Ranunculaceae      18678    Native       0

  179   Thelypteris noveboracensis       Thelypteridaceae   17261    Native       0

  180   Toxicodendron radicans           Anacardiaceae      28821    Native       3

  181   Toxicodendron vernix             Anacardiaceae      28823    Native       1

  182   Trientalis borealis              Primulaceae        24053    Native       0

  183   Trifolium repens                 Fabaceae           26206    Introduced   0

  184   Triodanis perfoliata             Campanulaceae      34615    Native       0

  185   Tussilago farfara                Asteraceae         38583    Introduced   0

  186   Ulmus rubra                      Ulmaceae           19050    Native       0

  187   Vaccinium corymbosum             Ericaceae          23573    Native       4

  188   Vaccinium pallidum               Ericaceae          23610    Native       2

  189   Veratrum viride                  Liliaceae          42764    Native       0

  190   Verbascum thapsus                Scrophulariaceae   33394    Introduced   0

  191   Verbena urticifolia              Verbenaceae        32127    Native       0

  192   Veronica peregrina               Scrophulariaceae   33421    Native       0

  193   Viburnum acerifolium             Caprifoliaceae     35255    Native       3

  194   Viburnum dentatum                Caprifoliaceae     35251    Native       5

  195   Viburnum prunifolium             Caprifoliaceae     35253    Native       0

  196   Vitis aestivalis                 Vitaceae           28607    Native       2

  197   Vitis labrusca                   Vitaceae           28608    Native       0
  ----- -------------------------------- ------------------ -------- ------------ -------

Appendix 4. Identity and nativeness of species found at Palisades and
Glover Archbold in Rock Creek Park. The table also includes unique
numbers for each species (TSN) and the number of times each species was
encountered in 4 inventoried plots (Count). If the species was
encountered outside of the plots in a walk-through, the entry is
recorded as "0".

  ----- --------------------------------- ------------------ -------- ------------ -------
  ID    Species                           Family             TSN      native       Count

  1     Acalypha rhomboidea               Euphorbiaceae      28193    Native       0

  2     Acer negundo                      Aceraceae          28749    Native       3

  3     Acer palmatum                     Aceraceae          182136   Introduced   1

  4     Acer platanoides                  Aceraceae          28755    Introduced   0

  5     Acer rubrum                       Aceraceae          28728    Native       3

  6     Acer saccharum                    Aceraceae          28731    Native       0

  7     Agrimonia pubescens               Rosaceae           25099    Native       0

  8     Agrostis stolonifera              Poaceae            40400    Native       0

  9     Alliaria petiolata                Brassicaceae       184481   Introduced   3

  10    Ambrosia trifida                  Asteraceae         36521    Native       0

  11    Amelanchier canadensis            Rosaceae           25112    Native       0

  12    Amphicarpaea bracteata            Fabaceae           182067   Native       0

  13    Arctium minus                     Asteraceae         36546    Introduced   0

  14    Arisaema triphyllum               Araceae            42525    Native       4

  15    Artemisia vulgaris                Asteraceae         35505    Introduced   0

  16    Arundinaria gigantea              Poaceae            40477    Native       0

  17    Asimina triloba                   Annonaceae         18117    Native       1

  18    Athyrium filix-femina             Dryopteridaceae    17413    Native       0

  19    Berberis thunbergii               Berberidaceae      18835    Introduced   0

  20    Bidens bipinnata                  Asteraceae         500993   Native       0

  21    Bidens frondosa                   Asteraceae         35707    Native       2

  22    Boehmeria cylindrica              Urticaceae         19121    Native       1

  23    Calystegia sepium ssp. Sepium     Convolvulaceae     30651    Introduced   0

  24    Cardamine concatenata             Brassicaceae       22787    Native       0

  25    Cardamine parviflora              Brassicaceae       22806    Native       0

  26    Carex digitalis                   Cyperaceae         39576    Native       1

  27    Carex grisea                      Cyperaceae         510206   Native       0

  28    Carex laevivaginata               Cyperaceae         39410    Native       0

  29    Carex rosea                       Cyperaceae         39429    Native       0

  30    Carex virescens                   Cyperaceae         39867    Native       1

  31    Carpinus caroliniana              Betulaceae         19504    Native       0

  32    Carya alba                        Juglandaceae       501306   Native       0

  33    Carya cordiformis                 Juglandaceae       19227    Native       2

  34    Carya glabra                      Juglandaceae       19231    Native       2

  35    Celastrus orbiculatus             Celastraceae       506068   Introduced   2

  36    Celastrus scandens                Celastraceae       27974    Native       0

  37    Cercis canadensis                 Fabaceae           25782    Native       0

  38    Chenopodium album                 Chenopodiaceae     20592    Introduced   0

  39    Cimicifuga racemosa               Ranunculaceae      18757    Native       0

  40    Circaea lutetiana                 Onagraceae         27568    Native       1

  41    Claytonia virginicum              Portulacaceae      20382    Native       0

  42    Collinsonia canadensis            Lamiaceae          32474    Native       0

  43    Commelina communis                Commelinaceae      39127    Introduced   1

  44    Cornus florida                    Cornaceae          27806    Native       0

  45    Crataegus                         Rosaceae           24539    Native       0

  46    Cryptotaenia canadensis           Apiaceae           29475    Native       0

  47    Dactylis glomerata                Poaceae            193446   Introduced   0

  48    Desmodium nudiflorum              Fabaceae           25812    Native       1

  49    Dicentra cucullaria               Fumariaceae        18945    Native       0

  50    Dichanthelium clandestinum        Poaceae            41656    Native       0

  51    Dichanthelium latifolium          Poaceae            41648    Native       0

  52    Digitaria sanguinalis             Poaceae            40604    Native       0

  53    Dioscorea quaternata              Dioscoreaceae      43371    Native       0

  54    Dioscorea villosa                 Dioscoreaceae      43367    Native       2

  55    Disporum lanuginosum              Liliaceae          42919    Native       0

  56    Duchesnea indica                  Rosaceae           25163    Introduced   2

  57    Elephantopus carolinianus         Asteraceae         37297    Native       0

  58    Eleusine indica                   Poaceae            41692    Introduced   0

  59    Epifagus virginiana               Orobanchaceae      34276    Native       0

  60    Euonymus atropurpurea             Celastraceae       502579   Native       3

  61    Euonymus fortunei                 Celastraceae       27950    Introduced   0

  62    Eupatorium purpureum              Asteraceae         502522   Native       0

  63    Fagus grandifolia                 Fagaceae           19462    Native       4

  64    Festuca subverticillata           Poaceae            502612   Native       0

  65    Fraxinus americana                Oleaceae           32931    Native       0

  66    Fraxinus pennsylvanica            Oleaceae           32929    Native       3

  67    Galium mollugo                    Rubiaceae          34891    Introduced   0

  68    Galium triflorum                  Rubiaceae          34933    Native       0

  69    Geranium maculatum                Geraniaceae        29107    Native       0

  70    Geum canadense                    Rosaceae           24645    Native       1

  71    Glechoma hederacea                Lamiaceae          502801   Introduced   0

  72    Hamamelis virginiana              Hamamelidaceae     19033    Native       0

  73    Hedera helix                      Araliaceae         29393    Introduced   4

  74    Hydrangea arborescens             Hydrangeaceae      24195    Native       1

  75    Ilex opaca                        Aquifoliaceae      27982    Native       2

  76    Impatiens capensis                Balsaminaceae      29182    Native       2

  77    Juglans nigra                     Juglandaceae       19254    Native       0

  78    Juncus tenuis                     Juncaceae          39243    Native       0

  79    Juniperus virginiana              Cupressaceae       18048    Native       0

  80    Lactuca canadensis                Asteraceae         36596    Native       0

  81    Lamium purpureum                  Lamiaceae          32543    Introduced   0

  82    Laportea canadensis               Urticaceae         19127    Native       1

  83    Leucothoe racemosa                Ericaceae          23549    Native       1

  84    Ligustrum vulgare                 Oleaceae           32980    Introduced   0

  85    Lindera benzoin                   Lauraceae          18147    Native       4

  86    Liriodendron tulipifera           Magnoliaceae       18086    Native       4

  87    Lonicera japonica                 Caprifoliaceae     35283    Introduced   3

  88    Lonicera maackii                  Caprifoliaceae     35298    Introduced   0

  89    Luzula echinata                   Juncaceae          39342    Native       0

  90    Luzula luzuloides                 Juncaceae          39344    Introduced   0

  91    Luzula multiflora                 Juncaceae          39333    Native       0

  92    Lysimachia ciliata                Primulaceae        23984    Native       0

  93    Mahonia                           Berberidaceae      18845    Introduced   1

  94    Maianthemum racemosum ssp.        Liliaceae          524297   Native       1
        Racemosum                                                                  

  95    Malus coronaria                   Rosaceae           25257    Native       0

  96    Menispermum canadense             Menispermaceae     18871    Native       0

  97    Mertensia virginica               Boraginaceae       31673    Native       0

  98    Microstegium vimineum             Poaceae            503829   Introduced   0

  99    Mimosa quadrivalvis               Fabaceae           507073   Native       0

  100   Morus rubra                       Moraceae           19070    Native       0

  101   Muscari botryoides                Liliaceae          42977    Introduced   1

  102   Narcissus pseudonarcissus         Liliaceae          503930   Introduced   0

  103   Nyssa sylvatica                   Nyssaceae          27821    Native       1

  104   Ornithogalum umbellatum           Liliaceae          42754    Introduced   0

  105   Osmanthus americanus              Oleaceae           32992    Native       0

  106   Osmorhiza claytonii               Apiaceae           29789    Native       0

  107   Osmorhiza longistylis             Apiaceae           29791    Native       1

  108   Oxalis stricta                    Oxalidaceae        29095    Native       0

  109   Pachysandra procumbens            Buxaceae           28027    Native       0

  110   Parthenocissus quinquefolia       Vitaceae           28602    Native       3

  111   Perilla frutescens                Lamiaceae          32634    Introduced   0

  112   Phleum pratense                   Poaceae            41062    Introduced   0

  113   Phlox divaricata                  Polemoniaceae      30934    Native       0

  114   Phryma leptostachya               Verbenaceae        504348   Native       0

  115   Phytolacca americana              Phytolaccaceae     19523    Native       1

  116   Picea abies                       Pinaceae           183289   Introduced   0

  117   Picea glauca                      Pinaceae           183295   Native       0

  118   Pilea pumila                      Urticaceae         19130    Native       1

  119   Pinus strobus                     Pinaceae           183385   Native       0

  120   Pinus virginiana                  Pinaceae           183394   Native       0

  121   Plantago lanceolata               Plantaginaceae     32874    Introduced   0

  122   Plantago major                    Plantaginaceae     32887    Native       0

  123   Platanus occidentalis             Platanaceae        19020    Native       1

  124   Poa trivialis                     Poaceae            41163    Introduced   0

  125   Podophyllum peltatum              Berberidaceae      18850    Native       3

  126   Polygonatum biflorum              Liliaceae          43006    Native       1

  127   Polygonum aviculare               Polygonaceae       20876    Introduced   0

  128   Polygonum caespitosum             Polygonaceae       20852    Introduced   3

  129   Polygonum cuspidatum              Polygonaceae       20889    Introduced   0

  130   Polygonum hydropiper              Polygonaceae       20856    Introduced   0

  131   Polygonum perfoliatum             Polygonaceae       20914    Introduced   0

  132   Polygonum persicaria              Polygonaceae       20915    Introduced   0

  133   Polygonum virginianum             Polygonaceae       20931    Native       3

  134   Polystichum acrostichoides        Dryopteridaceae    17675    Native       1

  135   Prunus serotina                   Rosaceae           24764    Native       4

  136   Prunus virginiana                 Rosaceae           24806    Native       3

  137   Quercus alba                      Fagaceae           19290    Native       1

  138   Quercus falcata                   Fagaceae           19277    Native       0

  139   Quercus muehlenbergii             Fagaceae           504714   Native       0

  140   Quercus prinus                    Fagaceae           19398    Native       1

  141   Quercus rubra                     Fagaceae           19408    Native       1

  142   Quercus velutina                  Fagaceae           19447    Native       0

  143   Ranunculus abortivus              Ranunculaceae      18559    Native       0

  144   Ranunculus ficaria                Ranunculaceae      18603    Introduced   0

  145   Ranunculus recurvatus             Ranunculaceae      18641    Native       0

  146   Robinia pseudoacacia              Fabaceae           504804   Native       2

  147   Rosa multiflora                   Rosaceae           24833    Introduced   2

  148   Rubus allegheniensis              Rosaceae           24866    Native       3

  149   Rubus occidentalis                Rosaceae           24854    Native       0

  150   Rubus phoenicolasius              Rosaceae           25017    Introduced   2

  151   Rumex obtusifolius                Polygonaceae       20939    Introduced   0

  152   Sambucus nigra ssp. Canadensis    Caprifoliaceae     525079   Native       0

  153   Sanguinaria canadensis            Papaveraceae       18990    Native       1

  154   Sanicula canadensis               Apiaceae           29850    Native       2

  155   Sanicula odorata                  Apiaceae           505004   Native       0

  156   Sassafras albidum                 Lauraceae          18158    Native       1

  157   Silene stellata                   Caryophyllaceae    20127    Native       1

  158   Smilax glauca                     Smilacaceae        43342    Native       1

  159   Smilax rotundifolia               Smilacaceae        43346    Native       3

  160   Solanum nigrum                    Solanaceae         565525   Introduced   0

  161   Solidago                          Asteraceae         36223    Native       0

  162   Stellaria media                   Caryophyllaceae    20169    Introduced   0

  163   Stellaria pubera                  Caryophyllaceae    20193    Native       0

  164   Symphyotrichum cordifolium        Asteraceae         522193   Native       0

  165   Symphyotrichum divaricatum        Asteraceae         522198   Native       1

  166   Taraxacum officinale              Asteraceae         36213    Introduced   0

  167   Thalictrum thalictroides          Ranunculaceae      18683    Native       1

  168   Tilia americana                   Tiliaceae          21536    Native       1

  169   Toxicodendron radicans            Anacardiaceae      28821    Native       3

  170   Trifolium repens                  Fabaceae           26206    Introduced   0

  171   Trillium sessile                  Liliaceae          43088    Native       0

  172   Ulmus americana                   Ulmaceae           19049    Native       0

  173   Ulmus rubra                       Ulmaceae           19050    Native       3

  174   Uvularia perfoliata               Liliaceae          43110    Native       1

  175   Vaccinium pallidum                Ericaceae          23610    Native       1

  176   Verbesina alternifolia            Asteraceae         38597    Native       0

  177   Veronica arvensis                 Scrophulariaceae   33411    Introduced   0

  178   Viburnum acerifolium              Caprifoliaceae     35255    Native       2

  179   Viburnum dentatum                 Caprifoliaceae     35251    Native       4

  180   Viburnum plicatum                 Caprifoliaceae     35272    Introduced   0

  181   Viburnum prunifolium              Caprifoliaceae     35253    Native       0

  182   Vinca minor                       Apocynaceae        30238    Introduced   3

  183   Viola blanda                      Violaceae          22050    Native       0

  184   Viola pubescens                   Violaceae          22144    Native       0

  185   Viola sororia                     Violaceae          22169    Native       0

  186   Viola striata                     Violaceae          22171    Native       0

  187   Vitis riparia                     Vitaceae           28624    Native       3
  ----- --------------------------------- ------------------ -------- ------------ -------

**2. SENSITIVE DATA ISSUES**

Species of concern in Maryland were documented at ANTI and MONO. While
locations of the species are important to record for monitoring
purposes, locations should not be broadly distributed to the general
public. This is especially the case for species of economic
significance, such as *Panax quinquefolius* (Ginseng) and *Hydrastis
canadensis* (Goldenseal). Because most of the species of concern were
documented in plots, plot locations should not be broadly distributed.

**3. METADATA**

### Plot inventories: Four undergraduate and graduate interns, Samantha Tessel, Herbert Clark, Bradley Eichelberger, and Adam Kavalier, were hired in 2003 to inventory vascular plants at ANTI and MONO. Mikaila Milton from the National Park Service, Center for Urban Ecology helped substantially in plot set-up and inventories throughout 2003. Samantha Tessel, Bradley Eichelberger, and Tara Schoenwetter were hired in 2004 to inventory plots.

### 

### Plots were placed randomly in different habitats (upland interior forest, upland edge forest, riparian interior forest, riparian edge forest, wet depressions of agricultural fields, agiculture next to streams, fence rows). Plots were set up using chaining pins and 50m tape measures. The interns recorded the presence of all species within nested subquadrats within modules and within the entire plot. They would start by recording all species within a 10cmX10cm area (0.000001ha). All species found within the area were recorded on the field data sheet either as a new species for the entire plot (added to the end of the species list of the plot) or as an already recorded species. Each species found within the area would receive a "5" designation on the data sheet to reflect that it was found within depth 5, the term used for the 10cmX10cm area. The interns then added to the species list by recording additional species in a 0.00001ha (depth 4), followed by a 0.0001ha (depth 3), 0.001ha (depth 2) and a 0.01ha area (depth 1). Depth 1 is also called a "module". All subquadrats had one corner in common (Figure 8).

Figure 8. Placement of corners and quadrats within a module following
Peet et al. 1998.![](media/image10.wmf){width="3.9138888888888888in"
height="3.504166666666667in"}

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

###  

### Up to 4 modules per 0.1ha plot were sampled in this fashion. The other modules of the plot called "residuals" were sampled less intensively with a thorough walkthrough. How many modules were intensively sampled depended on plot configuration, which was recorded on each field data sheet for each plot (Figure 9). 

### 

### Figure 9. Configuration of plots depending on habitat size. Plots were placed in homogeneous habitats; hence when habitats were small or narrow, plot configuration was changed. Module area, however, was constant at 0.01ha.

###  ![](media/image11.wmf){width="5.785416666666666in" height="5.074305555555555in"}

### This design allows development of species-area curves for each plot, which indicate whether the plot is representative of the general habitat it is placed in. Two adjustments were made to the 2004 plot design to increase the efficiency of inventorying plots.

a)  We did not sample residuals of the 2004 plots. The 2003 data showed
    that residuals contributed few additional species to the species
    list. These species could easily be documented with walk-throughs.
    Hence, the plots in 2004 were effectively 20X20m in size. Exceptions
    were made for 4 plots associated with streams, where we continued to
    use 2003 sampling protocols. This was done because stream plots
    sampled in 2004 were narrow and sampling of residuals increased the
    sampled area.

b)  We documented presence of species at the module (10x10m) level and
    did not use nested subquadrats (except for plots associated with
    streams). Species-area curves on individual plots from 2003 showed
    us that plots were adequate in representing the diversity of the
    habitat the plots were placed in. An exception was made for the 4
    stream plots that were sampled using the 2003 protocol.

Plots were visited several times throughout the year (spring, early
summer, late summer, fall). How many times a plot was revisited depended
on how many unidentified plants were recorded in the plot. Immature
plants were flagged for later identification. Vouchers of species that
could not be identified in the field but were present in the field in
sufficient number were collected and identified in the laboratory.
Identifications were verified or corrected by Chris Frye, Maryland State
Botanist.

***Walkthroughs:*** Plots were placed throughout the parks and therefore
represented habitats broadly. To complete the species, we also recorded
species found immediately outside of plots ("Out" in species lists) and
in walkthroughs ("Walk" in species lists) that were conducted in areas
between plots. Some areas were too steep to safely establish a plot and
were therefore surveyed with walkthroughs. Cliffs were not surveyed.
Species found in walkthroughs were generally not georeferenced using GPS
equipment.

***Georeferencing plots:*** A hand-held Garmin GPS unit was used for
daily navigation to flagged plots. At ANTI and MONO, plots were
georeferences using a highly accurate GPS Unit (Trimble unit supplied by
the parks) during leaf-off for better reception. Two locations were
recorded per plot; the beginning and end of each plot along the
centerline between modules 1 and 10 (beginning) and between modules 5
and 6 (end). The p-dop was set between 6 (standard) and 8 (maximum).
Over ten points (usually between 18-20) were collected at each location
and post-processing software selected the four closest points for
averaging. Locations were later differentially corrected using the
Hagerstown base station as a reference. Spatial Metadata for the plot
data sets are included in this report. ROCR plots were georeferences by
park personnel (Sue Salmons) using a park-supplied Trimble unit. The
park has the coordinates. WOTR plots were georeferenced using a
hand-held Garmin unit used for navigation because a Trimble unit was
unavailable. Spatial Metadata for ANTI and MONO plot data are included
in this report.

***Elevation, slope, aspect and plot orientation:*** Elevation of the
plots was recorded using the Trimble unit used for georeferencing plots.
Slope of the plot along the length of the plot was recorded using a
clinometer. Aspect and orientation of the plot was recorded using a
compass. Orientation of the plot is useful to determine the beginning
and end of a plot. These measurements were only recorded for ANTI and
MONO.

4**. FIELD DEFINITIONS**

ANTI Antietam National Battlefield

Aspect Compass direction of the slope, if \> 0.

Collected Indicates whether the species was collected ("c" = "yes" =
"y") or flagged ("F") for later identification

Collection number Voucher number. Numbering starts at 1 at each park.
Some numbers are missing because quality of the pressed and mounted
voucher did not meet project standards.

Comments In the XXXXgpsplots spreadsheets of ANTI and MONO. Provides a
description of the location and the size of the plot.

Corner (1 -- 8) Indicates what corner each species was observed in.
Entries indicate what depth the species was found in where 5 =
0.000001ha, 4 = 0.00001, 3 = 0.0001, 2 = 0.001, 1 = 0.01 = module.

Count Number of times the species was found in the inventory of a
specific park. "Out" indicates that the species was immediately outside
of a plot. "Walk" indicates that the species was found in a walkthrough.
"Wiegand" indicates that the species was not found by the current
inventory but by a 1997 or 1998 rare, threatened and endangered species
inventory at ANTI and MONO. The vascular plant portion of the inventory
was lad by Richard Wiegand.

Date Date that a voucher was collected or a plot was inventoried. In
some cases, plots were inventoried twice, once in the summer and once in
the spring. This is indicated as "date summer" and "date spring".

Easting Longitude of the GPS location measured in UTM

Eventid Identifies park (ANTI, MONO, WOTR, ROCR) and plot (numeric).

Family Family designation of each species

GPS_height Elevation of the plot in meters.

Habitat General description of the habitat a species was collected from.

ID Unique numeric identifier given to each entry in a dataset

Modules Number of modules in a plot. Four modules were typically placed
in a 0.1ha (20mx50m) plot. However, some plots had to be smaller to keep
the habitat homogeneous. In those cases, number of modules decreased to
1 or 2.

MONO Monocacy National Battlefield

Nativeness Identifies whether the species is native or introduced in the
Eastern United States.

Northing Latitude of the GPS location measured in UTM

Orientation Direction of the plot along its long axis standing at the
beginning of the plot and looking towards the end.

Out An entry of "1" indicates that a species was observed just outside
of the plot.

Plot Unique number given to each plot starting at 1 at each park.

Plot_id Identifies park (ANTI, MONO) and plot (numeric). In some files
beginning and end of the plot is identified as a and b, respectively.

Res = Residual. An entry of "1" indicates that a species was observed in
the residual of the plot.

ROCR Rock Creek Park

Site Park identifier -- ANTI, MONO, WOTR, ROCR

Size Identifies the dimensions of each plot.

Slope Slope of the plot measured using a clinometer

Species Latin name (genus and species) of each species

Stratum Identifies the habitat stratum (agriculture next to streams or
in wet depressions ("ag" = "agstream"), upland forest, woodland or
meadow ("upland"), and forest next to stream or river ("riparian" =
"stream").

TSN Unique numeric identifier given to each species by the USDA
Integrated Taxonomic Information System database (www.it is.usda.gov).
TSNs are reported for accepted latin names.

WOTR Wolf Trap Farm Park

Year Year (2003 or 2004) that a plot was inventoried.

-   ![](media/image12.png){width="5.995833333333334in"
    height="2.113888888888889in"}