Research-Based Conditional Matrix -- Teachers (Basic)

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  []{.mark}                              **Knowledge Level**      **Application Level**

  **Content (knowledge base)**                                    

  **Students use a wide variety of       Hadley & Sheingold,      
  software**                             1993; Becker, 1994       

  **Comfortable and confident with using Hadley & Sheingold,      Ertmer, Gopalakrishnan,
  technology**                           1993; Zhao, Byers,       & Ross, 2001
                                         Mishra, Topper, Cheng,   
                                         Enfield, et al., 2001    

  **Content integration**                Hadley & Sheingold,      Angers & Machtmes, 2005;
                                         1993; Becker, 1994       Hughes, 2004; Ertmer,
                                                                  Gopalakrishnan, & Ross,
                                                                  2001

  **Positive attitudes, life long        Ertmer,                  Angers & Machtmes, 2005;
  learners, and risk takers**            Ottenbreit-Leftwich, &   Bigatel, 2004;
                                         York, 2006; Zhao, Byers, Sandholtz, Ringstaff, &
                                         Mishra, Topper, Cheng,   Dwyer, 1997
                                         Enfield, et al., 2001    

  **Emphasize the human element and      Ertmer,                  Bigatel, 2004; Ertmer,
  harboring humane characteristics       Ottenbreit-Leftwich, &   Gopalakrishnan, & Ross,
  valuing their profession**             York, 2006               2001;

  **Enhance student learning and         Zhao, Byers, Mishra,     Angers & Machtmes, 2005;
  motivation**                           Topper, Cheng, Enfield,  Bigatel, 2004;
                                         et al., 2001             

  **Student-centered/learner-centered,   Becker, 1994; Zhao,      Angers & Machtmes, 2005;
  as opposed to curriculum centered**    Byers, Mishra, Topper,   Bigatel, 2004; Ertmer,
                                         Cheng, Enfield, et al.,  Gopalakrishnan, & Ross,
                                         2001                     2001; Mills & Tincher,
                                                                  2003; Sandholtz,
                                                                  Ringstaff, & Dwyer, 1997

  **Encourage student collaboration, as                           Angers & Machtmes, 2005;
  opposed to individual**                                         Sandholtz, Ringstaff, &
                                                                  Dwyer, 1997

  **Students are active and use          Hadley & Sheingold,      Angers & Machtmes, 2005;
  technology as a tool**                 1993; Zhao, Byers,       Sandholtz, Ringstaff, &
                                         Mishra, Topper, Cheng,   Dwyer, 1997
                                         Enfield, et al., 2001    

  **Productivity**                       Becker, 1994             Angers & Machtmes, 2005;
                                                                  Sandholtz, Ringstaff, &
                                                                  Dwyer, 1997

  **Learning environment (methods)**                              

  **Technology-rich context**            Becker, 1994; Ertmer,    Bigatel, 2004;
                                         Ottenbreit-Leftwich, &   Sandholtz, Ringstaff, &
                                         York, 2006               Dwyer, 1997

  **Supportive environment**             Becker, 1994; Zhao,      Angers & Machtmes, 2005;
                                         Byers, Mishra, Topper,   Bigatel, 2004; Mills &
                                         Cheng, Enfield, et al.,  Tincher, 2003;
                                         2001                     Sandholtz, Ringstaff, &
                                                                  Dwyer, 1997

  **Collaboration with other teachers**  Ertmer,                  Bigatel, 2004;
                                         Ottenbreit-Leftwich, &   Sandholtz, Ringstaff, &
                                         York, 2006               Dwyer, 1997

  **Other influencing incentives**       Becker, 1994; Ertmer,    
                                         Ottenbreit-Leftwich, &   
                                         York, 2006               

  **Self-driven**                        Ertmer,                  Angers & Machtmes, 2005;
                                         Ottenbreit-Leftwich, &   Ertmer, Gopalakrishnan,
                                         York, 2006; Hadley &     & Ross, 2001;
                                         Sheingold, 1993;         
                                         Vannatta & Fordham, 2004 
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