**1.0 Identification of Critical Assets Requiring Protection**

The General Accounting Office (GAO), in its 1988 assessment of the
vulnerability of public transportation to acts of terrorism and extreme
violence, entitled *Domestic Terrorism: Prevention Efforts in Selected
Federal Courts and Mass Transit Systems*, developed a useful analytical
tool to identify critical assets. Based on this model, Tables 1 and 2
present the results of analysis performed by FTA's Office of Safety and
Security concerning the criticality of generic rail and bus assets.

+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| Rail Transportation           | **           |                       |
|                               | [Criticality |                       |
| System Assets                 | (level of    |                       |
|                               | impact in    |                       |
|                               | the event of |                       |
|                               | loss)]{.     |                       |
|                               | underline}** |                       |
|                               |              |                       |
|                               | **People**   |                       |
|                               | **System**   |                       |
+===============================+==============+=======================+
| ## Station                    | **High^1^**  | **Medium to High      |
|                               |              | ^2^**                 |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Entrances and exits       | High^1^      | Low^2^                |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -                             | High^1^      | Low^2^                |
|   Escalators/elevators/stairs |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Corridors/pathways        | Medium^1^    | Low^2^                |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Mezzanines and concourses | High^1^      | Low^2^                |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Platforms                 | High^1^      | Medium^2^             |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Vendors                   | High^1^      | Low^2^                |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Restrooms                 | Medium       | Low^2^                |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Support facilities and    | Low^1^       | Medium to High^2^     |
|     sub-stations              |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Administrative and        | Medium to    | Medium to High^3^     |
|     employee facilities       | High^1^      |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Transit Center**            | **High^1^**  | **Low ^2^**           |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Entrances and exits       | Medium to    | Low^2^                |
|                               | High^1^      |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Passenger waiting areas   | Medium to    | Low^2^                |
|                               | High^1^      |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Restrooms                 | Medium^1^    | Low^2^                |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Bus loading/unloading     | Medium to    | Low^2^                |
|     zones                     | High^1^      |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Vendors                   | Medium^1^    | Low^2^                |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Support facilities        | Low^1^       | Low^2^                |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Multi-use/intermodal        | **High^1^**  | **Medium to High^2^** |
| connection**                  |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Airport, sports arena,    | High^1^      | Medium to High**^2^** |
|     entertainment center,     |              |                       |
|     shopping mall, hospital,  |              |                       |
|     or university             |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Vehicles (rail cars and     | **High^1^**  | **Medium to Low^2^**  |
| support equipment)**          |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Track/track structure**     | **L          | **Potentially High    |
|                               | ow/High^4^** | ^2^**                 |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   At-grade (reserved        | #####        | Low to Medium**^2^**  |
|     medians)                  |  Low/High^4^ |                       |
|                               |  {#lowhigh4  |                       |
|                               | .unnumbered} |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Elevated (aerial track,   | Low/High^4^  | Potentially           |
|     bridges)                  |              | High**^2^**           |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Subterranean (tunnels)    | Low/High^4^  | Potentially           |
|                               |              | High**^2^**           |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Signals, switches and       | **L          | **Low^2^**            |
| interlockings**               | ow/High^4^** |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Components                | Low/High^4^  | Low^2^                |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Transmission media        | Low/High^4^  | Low^2^                |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   ITS components            | Low/High^4^  | Low^2^                |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Communications-based train  | **Low^5^**   | **High**              |
| control or protection         |              |                       |
| systems**                     |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   System components         | Low^5^       | High                  |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   SCADA system and          | Low^5^       | High                  |
|     components                |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| -   Transmission media        | Low^5^       | High                  |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Grade crossings and         | **Medium to  | **Low**               |
| automatic warning devices     | High**       |                       |
| (gates, bells, flashers, and  |              |                       |
| signs)**                      |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Electrification Systems     | **Low**^5^   | **High**              |
| (3^rd^ rail, overhead         |              |                       |
| catenaries, etc.)**           |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| Source for system             | Low^5^       | High                  |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| Substations                   | Low^5^       | Low to Medium         |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| #### Parking Lots             | **Low to     | **Low**               |
|                               | Medium**     |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Operations control center** | **Medium to  | **High**              |
|                               | High**       |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Revenue collection          | **Low to     | **Low to Medium**     |
| facilities**                  | Medium^3^**  |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Train storage yards**       | **Low^3^**   | **High^2^**           |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Service and inspection      | **Low^3^**   | **Medium to High^2^** |
| facilities**                  |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Heavy maintenance           | **Low^3^**   | **Medium to High^2^** |
| facilities**                  |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Wayside support and         | **Low^3^**   | **Low to Medium**     |
| maintenance facilities**      |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Ancillary facilities and    | **Low^3^**   | **Low**               |
| storage**                     |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Administrative facilities** | **High^3^**  | **Medium to High**    |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Employee parking lots**     | **Medium to  | **Low to Medium**     |
|                               | High^3^**    |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| **Transit police facilities   | **Medium to  | **Medium to High**    |
| and communications system**   | High^3^**    |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+
| *^1^Depends on what time of   |              |                       |
| day incident occurs. Greater  |              |                       |
| impact would be experienced   |              |                       |
| during rush hour than         |              |                       |
| non-rush hours*               |              |                       |
|                               |              |                       |
| *^2^Depends on location in    |              |                       |
| the system where an incident  |              |                       |
| occurs. An incident at a      |              |                       |
| crossover or main junction    |              |                       |
| would have greater impact     |              |                       |
| than one at an outlying       |              |                       |
| station or track segment.     |              |                       |
| Also depends on the           |              |                       |
| alternatives available,       |              |                       |
| including rerouting           |              |                       |
| capabilities, cross-overs,    |              |                       |
| bus bridges, and other        |              |                       |
| factors.*                     |              |                       |
|                               |              |                       |
| *^3^Affects employees only.*  |              |                       |
|                               |              |                       |
| *^4^Depends on presence of    |              |                       |
| train*                        |              |                       |
|                               |              |                       |
| *^5^Assumes safety defaults   |              |                       |
| operate effectively*          |              |                       |
+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+

TABLE 1: ANALYSIS OF CRITICALITY OF RAIL ASSETS

+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Bus Transportation Assets**    | **[Criticality |                  |
|                                  | (level of      |                  |
|                                  | impact in the  |                  |
|                                  | event of       |                  |
|                                  | loss)]         |                  |
|                                  | {.underline}** |                  |
|                                  |                |                  |
|                                  | **People**     |                  |
|                                  | **System**     |                  |
+==================================+================+==================+
| **Terminal/Station**             | **High^1^**    | **Medium to High |
|                                  |                | ^2^**            |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Entrances and exits          | High^1^        | Low^2^           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Escalators/elevators/stairs  | High^1^        | Low^2^           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Corridors/pathways           | Medium^1^      | Low^2^           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Mezzanines and concourses    | High^1^        | Low^2^           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Passenger loading and        | High^1^        | Medium^2^        |
|     unloading areas              |                |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Vendors                      | High^1^        | Low^2^           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Restrooms                    | Medium         | Low^2^           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Support facilities and       | Low^1^         | Medium to        |
|     storage                      |                | High^2^          |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Administrative and employee  | Medium to      | Medium to        |
|     facilities                   | High^1^        | High^3^          |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Transit Center**               | **High^1^**    | **Low ^2^**      |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Entrances and exits          | Medium to      | Low^2^           |
|                                  | High^1^        |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Passenger waiting areas      | Medium to      | Low^2^           |
|                                  | High^1^        |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Restrooms                    | Medium^1^      | Low^2^           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Passenger loading and        | Medium to      | Low^2^           |
|     unloading areas              | High^1^        |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Vendors                      | Medium^1^      | Low^2^           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| -   Support facilities           | Low^1^         | Low^2^           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Multi-use/intermodal           | **High^1^**    | **Low to         |
| connection**                     |                | Medium^2^**      |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Bus stops and shelters**       | **Medium to    | **Low**          |
|                                  | High^1^**      |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Vehicles (buses and vans)**    | **Medium to    | **Low**          |
|                                  | High**         |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| # Roadways                       | **Low**        | **Low**          |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV)   | **Low**        | **Low to         |
| lanes and**                      |                | Medium**         |
|                                  |                |                  |
| **dedicated bus lanes**          |                |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **ITS technology and supporting  | **Low**        | **Low to         |
| equipment**                      |                | Medium**         |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Parking lots**                 | **Low to       | **Low**          |
|                                  | Medium**       |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Bus garages and storage        | **Low**^3^     | **High**         |
| facilities**                     |                |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Heavy repair facilities**      | **Low**^3^     | **Medium to      |
|                                  |                | High**           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Service and inspection         | **Low**^3^     | **Medium to      |
| facilities**                     |                | High**           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| #                                | **Low^3^**     | **Medium**       |
| Inventory and storage facilities |                |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Alternative fuel facilities**  | **Low**^3^     | **High**         |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| # Operations control center      | **Low^3^**     | **High**         |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Communications system**        | **Low**^3^     | **Medium to      |
|                                  |                | High**           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Revenue collection             | **Low^3^**     | **Medium**       |
| facilities**                     |                |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Administrative facilities**    | **Medium to    | **Medium to      |
|                                  | High**^3^      | High**           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Employee parking lots**        | **Low to       | **Low**          |
|                                  | Medium**^3^    |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| **Transit police facilities**    | **Medium to    | **Medium to      |
|                                  | High**^3^      | High**           |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+
| ^1^Depends on what time of day   |                |                  |
| incident occurs. Greater impact  |                |                  |
| would be experienced during rush |                |                  |
| hour than non-rush hours         |                |                  |
|                                  |                |                  |
| ^2^Depends on location in the    |                |                  |
| system where an incident occurs. |                |                  |
| An incident at a crossover or    |                |                  |
| main junction would have greater |                |                  |
| impact than one at an outlying   |                |                  |
| station or track segment. Also   |                |                  |
| depends on the alternatives      |                |                  |
| available, such as redundancies, |                |                  |
| rerouting capabilities, and      |                |                  |
| other factors.                   |                |                  |
|                                  |                |                  |
| ^3^Affects employees only.       |                |                  |
+----------------------------------+----------------+------------------+

TABLE 2: ANALYSIS OF CRITICALITY OF BUS ASSETS

Based on this assessment, Table 3 identifies those transit assets, which
if attacked when in use during regular operations, will provide high
civilian casualties and high level of system disruption:

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **High Civilian Casualties**      | **High Level of System            |
|                                   | Disruption**                      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -   Passenger Stations            | -   Bus and Rail Vehicle Storage  |
|     (entrances, concourses,       |     Facilities                    |
|     platforms)                    |                                   |
|                                   | -   Bus and Rail Communications   |
| -   Transit Centers (entrances,   |     Systems                       |
|     concourses, platforms)        |                                   |
|                                   | -   Bus and Rail Operations       |
| -   Intermodal Centers            |     Control Centers               |
|     (entrances, concourses,       |                                   |
|     platforms, and connecting     | -   Bus Fueling Facilities        |
|     facilities)                   |                                   |
|                                   | -   Rail Power Supply             |
| -   Rail Vehicles on Platforms    |                                   |
|                                   | -   Multiple Rail Stations        |
| -   Rail Vehicles on Tracks       |                                   |
|                                   | -   Elevated Rail Bridges and Key |
| -   Buses and Vans                |     Tunnels                       |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Parking Lots                  |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Transit Agency Administrative |                                   |
|     Facilities                    |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

TABLE 3: RAIL AND BUS CRITICAL ASSETS

**2.0 Identify Threats**

Table 4 presents an assessment of threats to transit operations from
acts of aggression and extreme violence. To support Assessment Team
evaluation activity, Table 5 provides a brief description of each type
of attack. To address consideration of traditional security concerns,
Table 6 present a sample Form 405 Security Report to the National
Transit Database.

+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
| ##### Cate   | Historical Example    | **Level of | **Types of       |
| gory of Atta |                       | Sophis     | Weapons**        |
| ck {#categor |                       | tication** |                  |
| y-of-attack  |                       |            |                  |
| .unnumbered} |                       |            |                  |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
| Explosive    | 1995 GIA bombing      | Low to     | Planted Devices  |
| Devices      | campaign at Paris     | High       |                  |
|              | Metro; mid-1990s IRA  |            |                  |
|              | bombing of London     |            |                  |
|              | Underground           |            |                  |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
|              | HAMAS suicide bombs   |            | Suicide Bombs    |
|              | on Israeli buses      |            |                  |
|              | (on-going)            |            |                  |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
|              | 1998 bombings of U.S. |            | Vehicle Bomb     |
|              | embassies in Tanzania |            |                  |
|              | and Kenya             |            |                  |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
|              | 1995 Oklahoma City -- |            | Proximity Bombs  |
|              | Murrah Building; 1993 |            |                  |
|              | bombing of WTC (which |            | -   WMD          |
|              | affected terminus of  |            |                  |
|              | PATH rail system)     |            | -   Secondary    |
|              |                       |            |     Devices      |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
| Exterior     | Current militant      | Low to     | Rocks and Clubs  |
| Attacks      | assaults on           | Medium     |                  |
|              | Indian-held mosques   |            | IEDs/Incendiary  |
|              | in Kashmir            |            | Devices          |
|              |                       |            |                  |
|              |                       |            | Molotov          |
|              |                       |            | cocktails        |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
| Stand-off    | Tamil Tiger's July    | Medium to  | Anti-tank        |
| Attacks      | 2001 mortar and       | High       | rockets          |
|              | bombing attack on Sri |            |                  |
|              | Lanka's National      |            | Hand grenades    |
|              | Airport               |            |                  |
|              |                       |            | Mortars          |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
| Ballistics   | Long Island Railroad  | Low to     | Pistols          |
| Attacks      | Shootings; Columbine  | Medium     |                  |
|              | High School           |            | Handguns         |
|              |                       |            |                  |
|              |                       |            | Submachine guns  |
|              |                       |            |                  |
|              |                       |            | Shotguns         |
|              |                       |            |                  |
|              |                       |            | Rifles           |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
| Netw         | Amtrak *Sunset        | Low to     | Hand, power and  |
| orked/Inside | Limited* "derailment" | High       | thermal tools    |
| Access       |                       |            |                  |
|              | 1996 Tupac Amaru      |            | Explosives       |
| -   Forced   | Revolutionary         |            |                  |
|     Entry    | Movement taking of    |            |                  |
|              | Japanese Ambassador's |            |                  |
| -   Covert   | resident and 500      |            |                  |
|     Entry    | guests in Peru        |            |                  |
|              | (access through       |            |                  |
| -   Insider  | disguise as waiters   |            |                  |
|              | at the party)         |            |                  |
|   Compromise |                       |            |                  |
|              |                       |            |                  |
| -   Visual   |                       |            |                  |
|              |                       |            |                  |
| Surveillance |                       |            |                  |
|              |                       |            |                  |
| -   Acoustic |                       |            |                  |
|     and      |                       |            |                  |
|              |                       |            |                  |
|    Electroni |                       |            |                  |
| c-emanations |                       |            |                  |
|     E        |                       |            |                  |
| avesdropping |                       |            |                  |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
|              |                       |            | False            |
|              |                       |            | credentials      |
|              |                       |            |                  |
|              |                       |            | Stolen uniforms  |
|              |                       |            | and              |
|              |                       |            | identification   |
|              |                       |            | badges           |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
|              |                       |            | False pretenses  |
|              |                       |            |                  |
|              |                       |            | "cell            |
|              |                       |            | operations"      |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
|              |                       |            | Binoculars       |
|              |                       |            |                  |
|              |                       |            | Photographic     |
|              |                       |            | Devices          |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
|              |                       |            | Listening        |
|              |                       |            | Devices          |
|              |                       |            |                  |
|              |                       |            | Elec             |
|              |                       |            | tronic-emanation |
|              |                       |            | surveillance     |
|              |                       |            | equipment        |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
| Cyber Attack | "Code Red" Worm       | Medium to  | Worms, Viruses,  |
|              | (current)             | High       | Denial of        |
|              |                       |            | Service Programs |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+
| Chemical,    | 1995 Aum Shinrikyo    | Medium to  | Chemical,        |
| Biological,  | Sarin Gas Release in  | High       | biological, or   |
| Radiological | Tokyo Subway          |            | radiological or  |
| and Nuclear  |                       |            | nuclear          |
| (CBRN) Agent |                       |            | aerosolized into |
| Release      |                       |            | air              |
+--------------+-----------------------+------------+------------------+

TABLE 4: THREATS TO BUS AND RAIL AGENCIES

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TABLE 5: DESCRIPTION OF ATTACK CATEGORY                               |
+=======================================================================+
| **Explosive Devices:** The use of explosive devices has long been the |
| most common type of terrorist attack. Bombings account for nearly     |
| half (46 percent) of all international terrorist attacks carried out  |
| since 1968, a proportion that has rarely fallen below 40 percent of   |
| exceed 50 percent. Perpetrators' reliance on explosive devices is not |
| surprising, giving that bombs provide a dramatic, yet fairly easy and |
| often low-risk (to the perpetrator) means of drawing attention to the |
| terrorist cause or of creating fear and insecurity in the general     |
| population. Few skills are required to manufacture a crude bomb,      |
| surreptitiously plant it, and then be miles away when it explodes.    |
| Explosive devices can also provide effective means for aerosolizing   |
| chemical, biological or nuclear contaminants. The following list      |
| identifies key types of explosive devices used by perpetrators for    |
| bombings:                                                             |
|                                                                       |
| -   ***Planted Explosive Devices***. In this type of attack, the      |
|     perpetrator physically carries and plants an explosive device     |
|     into a target facility or into proximity of a target individual.  |
|     This is accomplished through one of four methods for accessing    |
|     the target: covert, overt, deceptive, or naive (dupe) delivery.   |
|     In most cases, the device is concealed at the target location and |
|     detonated after the bomber has escaped the area.                  |
|                                                                       |
| -   ***Suicide Bombs***. In this type of attack, the bomber detonates |
|     the device as soon as the target has been accessed (willfully     |
|     sacrificing himself in the detonation). Suicide bombs can take    |
|     the form of small improvised explosive devices (IEDs) strapped to |
|     or carried by the bomber, vehicle and trucks bombs (driven by the |
|     suicide bomber into the target and detonated, or used as bombs),  |
|     airplanes and ships (kamikaze-style); or the use of               |
|     hand-grenades, directed by the suicide bomber, to assassinate a   |
|     particular individual or group.                                   |
|                                                                       |
| -   ***Anti-Vehicle Explosive Attacks***. There are four different    |
|     types of explosive attacks directed against vehicles and their    |
|     target occupants:                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| ```{=html}                                                            |
| <!-- -->                                                              |
| ```                                                                   |
| -   Devices installed in/on an unoccupied target vehicle and          |
|     subsequently detonated                                            |
|                                                                       |
| -   Devices mounted on an occupied target vehicle and detonated while |
|     the vehicle is in transit                                         |
|                                                                       |
| -   Devices concealed along the route and detonated while the target  |
|     vehicle is passing                                                |
|                                                                       |
| -   Devices and conventional ordnance projected at the target vehicle |
|                                                                       |
| ```{=html}                                                            |
| <!-- -->                                                              |
| ```                                                                   |
| -   ***Proximity Bombs*.** Proximity bombs are large-scale explosive  |
|     devices capable of creating damage and casualties over an         |
|     extended distance, penetrating common types of structural         |
|     barriers, and complicating rescue efforts with a high volume of   |
|     casualties and post-blast hazards. There are two principal types: |
|     Vehicle Bombs and Installation Devices. Vehicle bombs are         |
|     typically constructed at one location and transported by vehicle  |
|     to the target location. Delivery is accomplished by deception,    |
|     covert emplacement, proxy/or naive delivery, or overt penetration |
|     of perimeter defenses. Installation Devices are constructed at a  |
|     static location close to the target and subsequently detonated.   |
|     These devices can also be used to deliver chemical, biological    |
|     and nuclear agents. These devices can also be used to mount       |
|     secondary attacks on emergency responders.                        |
|                                                                       |
| **Exterior attack.** In this type of attack, the perpetrator attacks  |
| the rail transit station, parking lot, or administrative/maintenance  |
| facility at close range from a protected position. The perpetrator    |
| may use weapons such as rocks, clubs, improvised incendiary or        |
| explosive devices, and hand grenades. The perpetrator's goal is to    |
| damage the facility, to injure or kill its occupants, or to damage or |
| destroy assets.                                                       |
|                                                                       |
| **Standoff weapons.** In this type of attack, the perpetrator         |
| launches a conventional projected charge at a target vehicle or       |
| facility. Projected charges can be self-propelled or may thrown by    |
| hand. Common examples of projected charges employed by terrorists and |
| criminals include:                                                    |
|                                                                       |
| -   Anti-tank rockets                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| -   Hand grenades                                                     |
|                                                                       |
| -   Mortars                                                           |
|                                                                       |
| -   Recoilless rife projectiles                                       |
|                                                                       |
| -   Rocket-propelled grenades                                         |
|                                                                       |
| **Ballistics.** The perpetrator fires various small arms (such as     |
| pistols, submachine guns, shotguns, and rifles) from a distance. This |
| attack includes armed assaults, hijackings, and hostage-taking        |
| situations. The perpetrator's goal is to injure or kill facility      |
| occupants or to damage or destroy assets. He may also attempt to      |
| negotiate ransom or financial incentive to desist operations or       |
| release hostages.                                                     |
|                                                                       |
| **Networked/Inside Access.** These types of threats involve the use   |
| of an organization supported by intelligence and equipment to collect |
| information on an operation and plan and execute an attack. This type |
| of "pre-attack" has several components:                               |
|                                                                       |
| > **Forced entry.** The perpetrator forcibly enters a facility using  |
| > forced-entry tools (such as hand, power, and thermal tools) and     |
| > explosives. He uses the tools to create a man-passable opening or   |
| > to operate a device in the facility\'s walls, doors, roof, windows, |
| > or utility openings. He may also use small arms to overpower        |
| > guards. His goal is to steal or destroy assets, compromise          |
| > information, injure or kill facility occupants, or disrupt          |
| > operations.                                                         |
| >                                                                     |
| > **Covert entry.** The perpetrator attempts to enter a facility or a |
| > portion of a facility by using false credentials or stealth. He may |
| > try to carry weapons or explosives into the facility. His goals     |
| > include those listed for forced entry.                              |
| >                                                                     |
| > **Insider compromise.** A person authorized access to a facility    |
| > (an insider) attempts to compromise assets by taking advantage of   |
| > that accessibility. The perpetrator may also try to carry weapons   |
| > or explosives into the facility in this tactic. His goals are the   |
| > same as those listed for forced entry.                              |
| >                                                                     |
| > **Visual surveillance.** The perpetrator uses ocular and            |
| > photographic devices (such as binoculars and cameras with telephoto |
| > lenses) to monitor facility or installation operations or to see    |
| > assets. His goal is to compromise information. As a precursor, he   |
| > uses this tactic to determine information about the asset of        |
| > interest.                                                           |
| >                                                                     |
| > **Acoustic eavesdropping and electronic-emanations eavesdropping.** |
| > In these tactics, the perpetrator remains outside of controlled     |
| > areas and tries to gather information from within those areas. The  |
| > perpetrator uses listening devices to monitor voice communications  |
| > or other audibly transmitted information. His goal is to compromise |
| > information. Or, the perpetrator uses electronic-emanation          |
| > surveillance equipment from outside a facility or its restricted    |
| > area to monitor electronic emanations from computers,               |
| > communications, and related equipment. Again, his goal is to        |
| > compromise information.                                             |
|                                                                       |
| **Cyber threat.** The perpetrator infiltrates the transit agency      |
| computer network and plants worms, viruses or other programs designed |
| to disrupt the normal operation of the system. His goal is to         |
| compromise the integrity of the system and to promote disruption,     |
| service delay, and possibly unsafe conditions.                        |
|                                                                       |
| **Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) agent         |
| release.** A perpetrator contaminates a facility\'s air supply by     |
| introducing chemical or biological agents into it. His goal is to     |
| kill or injure people. He also may introduce radiological             |
| contaminants.                                                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TABLE 6: SAMPLE FORM 405 SECURITY REPORT                              |
|                                                                       |
| TO NATIONAL TRANSIT DATABASE                                          |
+=======================================================================+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Also the Assessment Team should review the following for the        |
| transit agency:**                                                     |
|                                                                       |
| -   **Bomb Threats/Other Threats received in the last 12 months**     |
|                                                                       |
| -   **"Insider" Crimes/Workplace Violence incidents for the last 12   |
|     months**                                                          |
|                                                                       |
| -   **Security-related Unusual Occurrence Reports in dispatch log     |
|     over last 12 months**                                             |
|                                                                       |
| -   **Crime statistics and threat briefing provided by local law      |
|     enforcement**                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**3.0 Threat Scenarios**

To determine vulnerability, the Assessment Team must "pair" the critical
assets previously identified with the key threats presented above (and
others identified by the Team as relevant). This activity allows for the
creation of scenarios that map specific threats to specific assets. To
support this activity, Table 7 (NEXT PAGE) provides a broad assessment
of terrorist threats to specific assets. Tables 8 and 9 pair critical
assets with those threats deemed most likely to occur for bus and rail
operations (respectively). These Tables present the most relevant threat
scenarios to be evaluated for bus and rail service.

TABLE 8: MOST LIKELY THREATS FOR BUS ASSETS

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **Critical Bus   | **Most Probable Threats**                         |
| Assets**         |                                                   |
|                  | **(based on historical analysis; expert           |
|                  | opinion)**                                        |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Bus              | -   High-yield vehicle bomb near station          |
| s                |                                                   |
| tation/terminals | ```{=html}                                        |
|                  | <!-- -->                                          |
|                  | ```                                               |
|                  | -   Lower-yield explosive device in station       |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Armed hijacking/hostage/barricade situation   |
|                  |     in station                                    |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Chemical, biological, and nuclear release in  |
|                  |     station                                       |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | ```{=html}                                        |
|                  | <!-- -->                                          |
|                  | ```                                               |
|                  | -   Secondary explosive device directed at        |
|                  |     emergency responders                          |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Bus vehicles     | -   Explosives placed on or under bus             |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Improvised explosive device (pipe/fire bomb)  |
|                  |     on bus                                        |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Chemical, biological, nuclear release on bus  |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Armed assault/hostage/barricade situation on  |
|                  |     bus                                           |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Secondary explosive device directed at        |
|                  |     emergency responders                          |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Fuel storage     | -   Explosives detonated in or near fuel          |
| facilities       |     facilities                                    |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Command control  | -   Physical/information attack on train control  |
| center           |     system                                        |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Physical/information attack dispatch system   |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Armed assault/hostage/barricade situation     |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Explosive device near or in Center            |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Sabotage of train control system              |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

TABLE 9: MOST LIKELY THREATS FOR RAIL ASSETS

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **Critical Rail  | **Most Probable Threats**                         |
| Assets**         |                                                   |
|                  | **(based on historical analysis; expert           |
|                  | opinion)**                                        |
+==================+===================================================+
| Stations         | -   High-yield vehicle bomb near stations         |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | ```{=html}                                        |
|                  | <!-- -->                                          |
|                  | ```                                               |
|                  | -   Lower-yield explosive device in station       |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Armed hijacking/hostage/barricade situation   |
|                  |     in station                                    |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Chemical, biological, and nuclear release in  |
|                  |     station                                       |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | ```{=html}                                        |
|                  | <!-- -->                                          |
|                  | ```                                               |
|                  | -   Secondary explosive device directed at        |
|                  |     emergency responders                          |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Track/signal     | -   Explosive detonated on track                  |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Chemical, biological, nuclear release on      |
|                  |     track                                         |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Signal tampering                              |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Rail tampering                                |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Rail cars        | -   Explosives placed on or under rail car        |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Improvised explosive device (pipe/fire bomb)  |
|                  |     on rail car                                   |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Chemical, biological, nuclear release on rail |
|                  |     car                                           |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Armed assault/hostage/barricade situation on  |
|                  |     rail car                                      |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Secondary explosive device directed at        |
|                  |     emergency responders                          |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Power            | -   Explosive detonated in or near substation     |
| substations      |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Command Control  | -   Physical/information attack on train control  |
| Centers          |     system                                        |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Physical/information attack dispatch system   |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Armed assault/hostage/barricade situation     |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Explosive device near or in Center            |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Sabotage of train control system              |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

TABLE 7: THREATS TO TRANSIT ASSETS

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 26%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3"><h3 id="transit-assets">TRANSIT ASSETS</h3>
<p><strong>(Bus &amp; Rail)</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="10"><strong>THREATS</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4"><strong>Explosive Devices</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Conventional Violence</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Emerging Trends</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h2 id="planted">Planted</h2></td>
<td><strong>Suicide</strong></td>
<td><strong>Vehicle</strong></td>
<td><strong>Proximity</strong></td>
<td><strong>Exterior Attack</strong></td>
<td><strong>Stand-off Attack</strong></td>
<td><strong>Ballistics Attack</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Networked/</strong></p>
<p><strong>Insider Access</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Cyber</strong></p>
<p><strong>Attack</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>CBRN Release</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Vehicles</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Buses</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Rail Cars</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Stations</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Entrances and Exits</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Escalators/elevators/stairs</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Corridors/pathways</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Concourses/mezzanines</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Passenger waiting areas</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Vendors</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Restrooms</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Station support facilities</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Police sub-station</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Parking Lots</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Roadway (HOV/bridges/tunnels)</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Track/Track Structure</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>At-grade</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Elevated/Bridges</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Subterranean/Tunnels</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Signals, Switches, &amp; ITS</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Hardware (components)</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Software &amp; Network</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Transmission Media</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Electrification System</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Rail Yard &amp; Maintenance Facility</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Bus Garage &amp; Maintenance Facility</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Fuel Farm and Facilities</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Operations Control Center</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Communications System</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Revenue Collection Facilities</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Administrative Facilities</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

**X = Likely Threat**

**4.0 Vulnerability Assessment**

To apply the threat scenarios to assess vulnerability, they must be
matched with critical assets -- as indicated in Tables 7, 8 and 9. The
costs and impacts of the threat scenarios for the critical assets are
then specified using a standard risk level matrix, which supports the
organization of consequences into categories of HIGH, SERIOUS, MEDIUM,
and LOW (see matrix below).

![](media/image1.png){width="3.977777777777778in" height="3.1in"}

Consequences are assessed both in terms of severity of impact and
probability of loss for a given threat scenario. Figure 1 presents
qualified assessment definitions for a sample "severity" and
"probability" ranking systems. Table 10 presents an assessment ranking
of a set of sample scenarios -- to highlight the range of possible
outcomes and elements for consideration.

Scenarios with vulnerabilities identified as HIGH and SERIOUS may
require further investigation. Scenario-based analysis is not an exact
science but rather an illustrative tool -- demonstrating potential
consequences associated with low-probaility/high-impact events. To
determine the agency's actual need for additional counter-measures, and
to provide the rationale for allocating resources to these
counter-measures, the Assessment Team must use the scenarios to
pin-point the vulnerable elements of the critical assets and make
evaluations concerning the adequacy of current levels of protection.

Table 11 presents the "Prioritized Vulnerability Report," which allows
the Assessment Team to document its findings concerning critical assets,
current levels of protection, and the need for additional protection or
enhanced emergency response capabilities. Prior to completing the
"Prioritized Vulnerability Report," the Assessment Team should assemble
and review all relevant documentation pertaining to the agency's current
level of protection provided for critical assets. This may include the
following materials:

-   SECURITY-SPECIFIC: Organization charts; System Security Program Plan
    (if available); site security plans (if available); security plans
    for special events (if available); security procedures and manuals
    (if available), bomb threat management plan (if available); security
    training provided to security and operations personnel, current
    contracts for security personnel/companies, Memoranda of
    Understanding with Law Enforcement and other Public Safety
    Organizations, past security reviews and assessments, security
    design criteria (if available); security equipment specifications
    (if available); and system maps indicating deployment of security
    personnel and technology.

-   OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE: Current rulebooks and procedures;
    security bulletins; operator and mechanic training programs;
    supervisor training programs; procedures for managing bomb threats
    and other security issues; communications and control center
    procedures for notification and management of major incidents;
    procedures of opening and closing transit stations; pre-trip
    inspection sheets for vehicles, systems maps and service schedules.

-   EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE: Current Emergency Plan,
    Terrorism Incident Response Plan (if developed); Bomb Threat
    Management Plan (if developed); Emergency Operating Procedures;
    local and State Emergency Plans; Emergency Notification Lists;
    After-action reports and drill reports; training materials;
    hazardous materials indications lists, and other tools used to
    direct employee response in the event of an emergency.

  ------------------ ------------ ------------ ----------------------------------------------
  **Severity Scale                             
  Definitions**                                

  **Catastrophic**                Results in   
                                  fatalities   
                                  and/or loss  
                                  of the       
                                  system.      

  **Critical**                    Severe       
                                  injury       
                                  and/or major 
                                  system       
                                  damage.      

  **Marginal**                    Minor injury 
                                  and/or minor 
                                  system       
                                  damage.      

  **Negligible**                  Less than    
                                  minor injury 
                                  and/or less  
                                  than minor   
                                  system       
                                  damage.      

  **Likelihood Scale                           
  Definitions**                                

  **Frequent**       Individual                Likely to occur often.

                     Fleet                     Continuously experienced.

  **Probable**       Individual                Will occur several times.

                     Fleet                     Will occur often.

  **Occasional**     Individual                Likely to occur some time.

                     Fleet                     Will occur several times.

  **Remote**         Individual                Unlikely to occur, but possible.

                     Fleet                     Unlikely but can reasonably be expected to
                                               occur.

  **Improbable**     Individual                So unlikely, it can be assumed it will not
                                               occur.

                     Fleet                     Unlikely to occur, but possible.
  ------------------ ------------ ------------ ----------------------------------------------

###### FIGURE 1: QUALIFIED SEVERITY AND PROBABILITY ASSESSMENT DEFINITIONS

+---+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------+
|   |            | #####       |           |            |           |
|   |            | Impact of L |           |            |           |
|   |            | oss {#impac |           |            |           |
|   |            | t-of-loss . |           |            |           |
|   |            | unnumbered} |           |            |           |
+---+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------+
| P |            | **1**       | **2**     | **3**      | **4**     |
| r |            |             |           |            |           |
| o |            | **Cat       | **Very    | **         | **Not     |
| b |            | astrophic** | Serious** | Moderately | Serious** |
| a |            |             |           | Serious**  |           |
| b |            |             |           |            |           |
| i |            |             |           |            |           |
| l |            |             |           |            |           |
| i |            |             |           |            |           |
| t |            |             |           |            |           |
| y |            |             |           |            |           |
| o |            |             |           |            |           |
| f |            |             |           |            |           |
| L |            |             |           |            |           |
| o |            |             |           |            |           |
| s |            |             |           |            |           |
| s |            |             |           |            |           |
+---+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------+
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
| A |            |             |           |            |           |
| \ |            |             |           |            |           |
| - |            |             |           |            |           |
| - |            |             |           |            |           |
| C |            |             |           |            |           |
| e |            |             |           |            |           |
| r |            |             |           |            |           |
| t |            |             |           |            |           |
| a |            |             |           |            |           |
| i |            |             |           |            |           |
| n |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
+---+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------+
| B |            | **Suitcase  | **Vehicle | **Shooting |           |
| \ |            | Bomb        | Bomb**    | in**       |           |
| - |            | Detonated   |           |            |           |
| - |            | on          | *         | **Rail     |           |
| H |            | Train/Bus** | *Adjacent | Station or |           |
| i |            |             | to Fleet  | on Bus**   |           |
| g |            |             | Storage   |            |           |
| h |            |             | F         |            |           |
| l |            |             | acility** |            |           |
| y |            |             |           |            |           |
| P |            |             |           |            |           |
| r |            |             |           |            |           |
| o |            |             |           |            |           |
| b |            |             |           |            |           |
| a |            |             |           |            |           |
| b |            |             |           |            |           |
| l |            |             |           |            |           |
| e |            |             |           |            |           |
+---+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------+
| * |            | **Release   | **        |            |           |
| * |            | of**        | "Cyber"** |            |           |
| C |            |             |           |            |           |
| \ |            | **Chemical  | **S       |            |           |
| - |            | Agent in**  | abotage** |            |           |
| - |            |             |           |            |           |
| M |            | **Subway**  | **Of      |            |           |
| o |            |             | Train     |            |           |
| d |            |             | Control** |            |           |
| e |            |             |           |            |           |
| r |            |             |           |            |           |
| a |            |             |           |            |           |
| t |            |             |           |            |           |
| e |            |             |           |            |           |
| l |            |             |           |            |           |
| y |            |             |           |            |           |
| P |            |             |           |            |           |
| r |            |             |           |            |           |
| o |            |             |           |            |           |
| b |            |             |           |            |           |
| a |            |             |           |            |           |
| b |            |             |           |            |           |
| l |            |             |           |            |           |
| e |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
+---+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------+
| * |            |             | **        |            |           |
| * |            |             | Bombing** |            |           |
| D |            |             |           |            |           |
| \ |            |             | **        |            |           |
| - |            |             | Transit** |            |           |
| - |            |             |           |            |           |
| I |            |             | **Tunnel  |            |           |
| m |            |             | or        |            |           |
| p |            |             | Elevated  |            |           |
| r |            |             | Bridge on |            |           |
| o |            |             | Roadway** |            |           |
| b |            |             |           |            |           |
| a |            |             |           |            |           |
| b |            |             |           |            |           |
| l |            |             |           |            |           |
| e |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
+---+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------+
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
| 1 |            |             |           |            |           |
| A |            |             |           |            |           |
| , |            |             |           |            |           |
| 1 |            |             |           |            |           |
| B |            |             |           |            |           |
| , |            |             |           |            |           |
| 1 |            |             |           |            |           |
| C |            |             |           |            |           |
| , |            |             |           |            |           |
| 2 |            |             |           |            |           |
| A |            |             |           |            |           |
| , |            |             |           |            |           |
| 2 |            |             |           |            |           |
| B |            |             |           |            |           |
| , |            |             |           |            |           |
| 3 |            |             |           |            |           |
| A |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
| : |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
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| * |            |             |           |            |           |
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| t |            |             |           |            |           |
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| k |            |             |           |            |           |
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| - |            |             |           |            |           |
| N |            |             |           |            |           |
| o |            |             |           |            |           |
| A |            |             |           |            |           |
| c |            |             |           |            |           |
| t |            |             |           |            |           |
| i |            |             |           |            |           |
| o |            |             |           |            |           |
| n |            |             |           |            |           |
| R |            |             |           |            |           |
| e |            |             |           |            |           |
| q |            |             |           |            |           |
| u |            |             |           |            |           |
| i |            |             |           |            |           |
| r |            |             |           |            |           |
| e |            |             |           |            |           |
| d |            |             |           |            |           |
| ( |            |             |           |            |           |
| i |            |             |           |            |           |
| . |            |             |           |            |           |
| e |            |             |           |            |           |
| . |            |             |           |            |           |
| , |            |             |           |            |           |
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| ' |            |             |           |            |           |
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| * |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
| * |            |             |           |            |           |
+---+------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------+

Table 10: Sample Risk Level Matrix for Selected Public Transportation
Threat Scenarios

+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| ##  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| # T |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| RAN |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| SIT |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|  AS |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| SET |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| S { |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| #tr |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ans |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| it- |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ass |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ets |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| -1} |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| **( |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Bus |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| &   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| R   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ail |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| )** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
|     |        |   | ### TABLE 11     |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   | : PRIOTIZED VULN |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   | ERABILITY REPORT |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
|     |        |   | ## Elements      | **Current   | **As     | ** |   |
|     |        |   | of Vulnerability | Level of    | sessment | Ac |   |
|     |        |   |                  | P           | of       | ti |   |
|     |        |   |                  | rotection** | Adequacy | on |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             | of       | R  |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             | Current  | eq |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             | Level of | ui |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             | Prot     | re |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             | ection** | d? |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          | ** |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             | **(based |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             | on       | ** |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             | revised  | (Y |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             | threat   | es |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             | level)** | /N |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          | o) |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          | ** |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **V |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ehi |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| cle |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **B |        |   | **SEE "BREAKOUT  |             |          |    |   |
| use |        |   | EXAMPLE"         |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   | BELOW.**         |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **R |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ail |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Car |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **S |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| tat |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ion |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Ent |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ran |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ces |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| and |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| E   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| xit |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| *   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| *Es |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| cal |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ato |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| rs/ |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ele |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| vat |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ors |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| /st |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| air |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| *   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| *Co |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| rri |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| dor |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s/p |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ath |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| way |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| *   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| *Co |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| nco |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| urs |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| es/ |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| mez |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| zan |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ine |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Pas |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| sen |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ger |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| w   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ait |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ing |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| a   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| rea |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Ven |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| dor |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| *   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| *Re |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| str |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| oom |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **S |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| tat |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ion |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| upp |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ort |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| fac |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ili |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| tie |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Pol |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ice |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ub- |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| sta |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| tio |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| n** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **P |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ark |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ing |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Lot |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **R |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| oad |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| way |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| (H  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| OV/ |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| bri |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| dge |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s/t |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| unn |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| els |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| )** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| *   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| *Tr |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ack |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| /Tr |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ack |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| St  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ruc |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| tur |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| e** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **A |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| t-g |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| rad |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| e** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Ele |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| vat |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ed/ |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Bri |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| dge |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **S |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ubt |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| err |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ane |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| an/ |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Tun |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| nel |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| *   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| *Si |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| gna |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ls, |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Swi |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| tch |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| es, |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| &   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| IT  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| S** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| *   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| *Ha |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| rdw |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| are |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| (c  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| omp |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| one |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| nts |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| )** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| *   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| *So |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ftw |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| are |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| &   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Net |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| wor |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| k** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Tra |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| nsm |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| iss |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ion |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| M   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| edi |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| a** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Ele |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ctr |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ifi |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| cat |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ion |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Sy  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ste |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| m** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **R |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ail |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Y   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ard |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| &   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Ma  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| int |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ena |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| nce |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| F   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| aci |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| lit |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| y** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Bus |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Gar |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| age |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| &   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Ma  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| int |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ena |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| nce |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| F   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| aci |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| lit |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| y** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **F |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| uel |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| F   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| arm |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| and |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Fac |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ili |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| tie |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **O |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| per |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ati |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ons |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| C   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ont |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| rol |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Ce  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| nte |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| r** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| *   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| *Co |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| mmu |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| nic |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ati |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ons |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Sy  |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ste |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| m** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| **R |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| eve |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| nue |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| C   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| oll |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ect |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ion |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Fac |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ili |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| tie |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
| *   |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| *Ad |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| min |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ist |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| rat |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ive |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| Fac |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| ili |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| tie |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
| s** |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
|     | **Sc   |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | enario |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | #1:    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | Su     |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | itcase |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | Bomb   |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | Det    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | onated |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | on Bus |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | in     |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | T      |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | ransit |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | Sta    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | tion** |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | \--    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | A      |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | single |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | ter    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | rorist |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | places |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | a      |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | su     |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | itcase |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | cont   |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | aining |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | 100    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | pounds |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | of TNT |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | equi   |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | valent |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | under  |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | the    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | seat   |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | of a   |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | cr     |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | owded, |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | rush-  |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | hour   |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | bus.   |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | The    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | ter    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | rorist |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | sets a |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | timer  |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | on the |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | bomb   |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | and    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | leaves |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | the    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | bus,   |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | which  |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | is     |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | r      |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | unning |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | on     |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | sch    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | edule. |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | A few  |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | m      |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | inutes |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | later, |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | as the |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | bus    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | pulls  |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | into a |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | major  |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | tr     |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | ansfer |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | c      |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | enter, |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | the    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | bomb   |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | deto   |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | nates. |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
|     | **El   | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | ements |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | of     |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | Vul    |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | nerabi | P |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | lity** | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | I |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | N |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | W |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | I |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | f |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | B |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | b |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | T |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | h |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | N |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | C |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | u |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
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|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | S |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | y |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
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|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | f |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | E |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | y |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | R |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | C |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | w |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | T |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | C |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
|     | **C    | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | urrent |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | Level  |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | of     |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | Protec |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | tion** | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | \ |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | O |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | y |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | u |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | \ |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | H |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | h |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | w |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | f |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | u |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | u |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | v |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | \ |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | C |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | h |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
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|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
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|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | z |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | b |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
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|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
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|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
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|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
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|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
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|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | \ |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | D |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
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|     |        | \ |                  |             |          |    |   |
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|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
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|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | " |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | b |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | u |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | " |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        |   |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
|     | **Asse | * |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | ssment | * |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | of     | B |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | Ad     | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | equacy | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | of     | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | C      | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | urrent | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | Level  | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | of     | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | Protec | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | tion** | v |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | h |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | v |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | : |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | * |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | * |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | G |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | y |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | , |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | h |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | v |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | f |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | b |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | . |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | H |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | w |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | v |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | , |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | h |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | A |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | T |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | h |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | , |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | , |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | y |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | w |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | h |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | y |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | u |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | b |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | h |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | f |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | f |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | u |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | u |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | v |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | y |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | / |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | k |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | m |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | y |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | p |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | o |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | u |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | . |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+
|     | **     | * |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | Action | * |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | Requi  | Y |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | red?** | E |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | S |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | **(Yes | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     | /No)** | - |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | I |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | t |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | g |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | , |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | l |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | , |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | a |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | n |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | d |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | x |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | r |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | c |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | i |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | e |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | s |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | * |                  |             |          |    |   |
|     |        | * |                  |             |          |    |   |
+-----+--------+---+------------------+-------------+----------+----+---+

**"Table 11: Breakout Example"**