**Appendix 6:**

# Software

## Appendix 6: Software

This section contains a description of some of the software routines
used in preparing the *Listeria monocytogenes* risk assessment.

**The Dose Frequency Curve-Fitting Program**

This routine takes a data set that contains historical records of an
association between a continuous measure and the frequency of occurrence
of a discrete event in a population. It is similar in operation to
ParamFit, except that it is designed to be used with data sets that
correlate a dose with an outcome, rather than a simple distribution.
After fitting one of more models to the data, the parameters are written
to a file that may be used with the DoseFrequency object. The parameter
file may also be examined with the DoseFrequency plotting routine, or
the parameter estimates may examined in Excel and used without the
object.

*Data*

In order to proceed, the routine must be supplied with data in the
proper format. There are two ways to do that.

The first is to supply a data file that is in the correct format. The
"File Open" button may be used to browse for the file name. The file is
not actually opened unless the "Data Edit" or "Run" buttons are
selected. Alternatively, the file name, including the path, may be
entered into the text box to the right of the "File Open" button.

Alternatively, data may be entered using the "Data Editor," which is
started with the "Data Edit" button. If a file name has already been
entered the Data Editor will open this data file. If it has not, then
the "Editor" begins with no entries.

*Choosing Models*

The models used by the DoseFrequency curve-fitting routine have 1 to 3
components. The total number of models fit will be equal to the number
of possible permutations of each of the three components selected.

The mandatory component is the primary dose-response function listed in
the "Models-to-be-Fit" box. At least one model must be selected for the
program to proceed. However, any combination may be selected. The
curve-fitting routine will attempt to fit all models selected. A
description of the models currently supported is given below.

Models currently supported by the DF curve-fitting program and object:

  ----------------- ----------------- -------------------------------------------------
  **Model Name**    **Parameters**    **Equation for Frequency Given Dose**

  Beta Poisson      alpha, beta       1 - ((1 + (dose / beta) alpha)

  Logistic          alpha, beta       e^alpha\ +\ beta\ \*\ ln(dose)^ / (1 +
                                      e^alpha\ +\ beta\ \*\ ln(dose))^

  Exponential       slope             1 - e ^-dose\ \*\ slope^

  Gompertz -- Log   alpha, beta       1 - e ^-e\ \^(alpha\ +\ (beta\ \*\ ln(dose)))^

  Gompertz -- Power alpha, beta,      1 -- e
                    power             ^-e\ \^\ (alpha\ +\ (beta\ \*\ (dose\^power)))^

  Probit            alpha, beta       normal_cdf(alpha + beta\*ln(dose))

  Multihit          gamma, k          gamma_cdf(gamma\*dose, k)

  GammaWeibull      alpha, beta,      1 - (1 + (dose^gamma/beta^)--alpha)
                    gamma             
  ----------------- ----------------- -------------------------------------------------

Ln = natural log. cdf = cumulative distribution function. \^ = raised to
the power of

*Background Parameter*

A parameter may be added to the model to accommodate other influences on
the outcome of the causal event. There are three options:

-   No background parameter.

-   [Background Dose]{.underline}. A background dose specified by an
    extra model parameter is added to the nominal dose when predicting
    frequency.

-   [Background Frequency]{.underline}. A background frequency specified
    by an extra model parameter is added to the predicted frequency. The
    dose-frequency function is applied to the fraction of the population
    who would otherwise not respond.

The program will attempt to fit all options that are checked. For
example, if all three boxes are checked, then the program will examine
all three different options. At least one box must be checked.

If there are fewer than five data points, then a Background Parameter
cannot be employed.

*Threshold Parameter*

If a threshold dose parameter is included in the model, and if the
nominal dose is less than the threshold dose value, then the effective
dose used to predict frequency is zero. If the nominal dose is greater
than the threshold dose value, then the effective dose used to predict
frequency is the nominal dose minus the threshold dose. The program
attempts to fit all options that are checked. If both boxes are checked,
then the program examines both options. At least one box must be
checked. If there are fewer than five data points, then a "Threshold
Parameter" cannot be employed.

*Options*

Selecting the "Options" button opens another dialog, which gives the
user some additional choices regarding how the routine operates. These
include choosing the goodness-of-fit measure, how the program weights
models when creating a probability tree, and the initial estimates for
each of the model parameters.

*Bootstraps*

In order to represent uncertainty arising from sampling error, dose
measurement error, or the size of the exposed population in which
illnesses are observed, multiple bootstraps may be performed. Sampling
error, where the small sample of observed values is presumed to come
from a much larger sample that is of interest, is represented by
presuming a binomial distribution where the total set of values is
infinitely large. The likelihood of a series of possible values for the
actual frequency are computed by comparing the relative likelihood of
generating the observed value. Dose and population size measurement
error are sampled from distributions supplied with the data set. The
total number of models fit equals the number of models selected times
the number of bootstraps. While very large numbers are possible, the
program has not been tested with more than 10,000 models.

*Initial Parameter Estimates*

The default initial parameter estimates that are used by the IMSL
nonlinear regression program to produce an optimum fit may not work well
for all data sets. The initial estimate for the primary functions can be
changed in this dialog. Initial estimates for the threshold and
background parameters cannot be changed at this time. Selecting "OK"
results in retention of the new parameter estimate. Selecting "Cancel"
will not.

*Model Weighting*

Even if bootstrapping is selected, the first bootstrap (the first set of
models in the parameter file) always uses the original data.

*Run*

The routine begins by fitting curves when the "Run" button is selected.
The "Parameter File" dialog appears when the routine is finished. A
progress bar displays the percentage of the task that has been
completed. However, unless bootstrapping is selected, the results are
nearly instantaneous. Selecting the "Cancel" button causes the program
to exit.

As the program fits the alternative models to the data set, it
calculates a weight for each of the models that is used by the object to
assign probabilities to each of the models. The weighting algorithm used
by the program rewards models for goodness of fit, and penalizes for
parameters. Moving the slider bar to the left increases the importance
of producing a good fit, while moving it to the right emphasizes the use
of fewer parameters.

When bootstraps are run, the weights are recalculated on a relative
basis for each bootstrap, so that the total weight for each bootstrap is
identical. This means if the routine is used solely to represent the
uncertainty in the parameters for a given model (*i. e*., parameter
uncertainty with no model uncertainty), then the model weighting
algorithm has no effect.

### ParamFit

ParamFit is a procedure for fitting a statistical distribution to a set
of individual values for use in a subsequent Monte-Carlo simulation. It
is similar in function to the routine included with Crystal Ball
(Decisioneering) or BestFit, the add-on sold by Palisade as a companion
to \@Risk. The principle difference is that ParamFit is specifically
intended for use in a population modeling exercise (*e. g*., public
health). In this circumstance, the primary purpose of a distribution is
to represent variability in the measured quantity among individuals in a
population, rather than the uncertainty associated with the prediction
of a single event. Under such circumstances, the uncertainty is
associated with the distribution used to generalize the data and draw
inferences about the population as a whole. The end product of ParamFit
is an Excel function containing a list of plausible alternative models
which may be used to draw an inference in a two-dimensional Monte-Carlo
model. It was written in Excel Visual Basic for Applications and
requires Excel 5.0 or later versions and the Toxfunct add-in.

### Models and Common Names of Their Parameters

There are ten distributional models that may be employed for the purpose
of describing the data and drawing inferences. Any models that are
checked will be fit to the data. You may select only one model, all the
models, or any subset. The following distributions (and the common names
of their parameters) are supported by ParamFit.

*Statistical Distributions -- Common Names of the Parameters*:

Beta: Parameter 1 = alpha, Parameter 2 = beta, Parameter 3 = minimum,

> Parameter 4= maximum.

Cauchy: Parameter 1 = median, Parameter 2 = beta.

Exponential: Parameter 1 = lambda.

Gamma: Parameter 1 = alpha, Parameter 2 = beta.

Logistic: Parameter 1 = mean, Parameter 2 = beta.

Lognormal: Parameter 1 = geometric mean, Parameter 2 = geometric
standard deviation.

Normal: Parameter 1 = mean, Parameter 2 = standard deviation.

Rectangular function: Parameter 1 = minimum, Parameter 2 = maximum.

Triangular Function: Parameter 1= minimum, Parameter 2 = most frequent,

> Parameter 3 = maximum.

Weibull: Parameter 1 = alpha, Parameter 2 = beta.

*Model Weighting Criteria*

The frequency of use of each model is allocated according to it relative
model weight which is calculated as follows:

Model Weight = (((1 + n / Pn) \^ O) \* ((1 - gof) \^ H)

Where:

> n = number of observations. This value reflects the number of data
> points to which the curve is fit. Values below the limit of detection
> (i.e. text values) are not counted for this purpose.
>
> \* = Multiplication symbol.

Pn = Number of Model Parameters. In general, this refers to the number
of parameters which are adjusted to fit the curve. However, the minimum
values for the beta, linear, and triangular models would fit equally
well if they are not truncated at a minimum value; that is, two points
describe a line which could be represented as a single parameter (a
slope).

gof = Goodness-of-Fit. ParamFit uses a least residual squares for the
predicted percentiles as an optimization criteria. The ratio of the sum
of residual squares to the sum of total squares for the predicted
percentile is used as a goodness-of-fit statistic. This criteria
emphasizes fit in the middle of the distribution, so that outliers have
less impact on the shape of the distribution, other methods such as the
"likelihood ratio" rate residual deviations in predicted distribution
values.

> O = The Parameter penalty, an arbitrary constant named after William
> of Ockam. Increasing this number increases the penalty for using an
> extra parameter, which influences the extent to which models are
> penalized for using an extra parameter The maximum value is 10.
> Setting this value to 0 nulifies the parameter penalty.
>
> H = The Association factor, an arbitrary constant named after David
> Hume. This value can be modified to increase or decrease the reward
> for providing a better fit. The minimum value is 0, in which case the
> models are weighted without regard to how well they fit the data.
> Increasing this value places greater emphasis on model fit.

The specific optimization criteria for the *L. monocytogenes*
concentration were:

Gof = Σ (predicted -- Observed)^2^ \* n \* concentration ^0.25^

Where the parameters for the goodness of fit were Predicted and Observed
are the cumulative percentiles for a given concentration of *L.
monocytogenes*, n is the number of samples in the report, concentration
is in cfu/g. The model weight for the *L. monocytogenes* concentration =
1 / (pN \* Gof ^2^). Where pN is the number of adjustable parameters in
the distribution being fitted.

**Appendix 7:**

# Contamination Data sets

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Smoked Seafood Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Reference</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Food</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic
Region<sup>1</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Aguado <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Salmon, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>16</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Baek <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Mussels, frozen &amp; smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Cortesi <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Salmon, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cortesi <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Salmon, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Coalfish, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Salmon, fresh &amp; smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Salmon Skin, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Salmon, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Tuna, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dillon <em>et al</em>., 1994</td>
<td>Fin-fish, hot/cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>258</td>
<td>246</td>
<td>12</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dominguez <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Salmon, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>170</td>
<td>132</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>18</td>
<td></td>
<td>18</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Eklund <em>et al</em>., 1995</td>
<td>Salmon, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>48</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ericsson <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Trout, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Sweden</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P&amp;R</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Farber, 1991b</td>
<td>Salmon, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td><p>Canada/</p>
<p>etc</p></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Garland, 1995</td>
<td>Salmon, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Australia</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>285</td>
<td>284</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Guyer and Jemmi, 1990</td>
<td>Salmon, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Switzer-land</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartemink and Georgsson, 1991</td>
<td>Fish, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Iceland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P/R</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Heinitz and Johnson, 1998</td>
<td>Fish, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1080</td>
<td>929</td>
<td>151</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Reference</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Food</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic
Region<sup>1</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hudson <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Mussels, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>New Zealand</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hudson <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Salmon, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>New Zealand</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Inoue <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Salmon, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>87</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Jemmi, 1990</td>
<td>Fin-fish, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Switzer-land</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>324</td>
<td>280</td>
<td>44</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Jemmi, 1990</td>
<td>Fin-fish, hot-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Switzer-land</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>496</td>
<td>452</td>
<td>44</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Jørgensen and Huss, 1998</td>
<td>Halibut, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Jørgensen and Huss, 1998</td>
<td>Halibut, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Jørgensen and Huss, 1998</td>
<td>Salmon, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>190</td>
<td>126</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>53</td>
<td></td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Jørgensen and Huss, 1998</td>
<td>Salmon, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>115</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td>23</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Jørgensen and Huss, 1998</td>
<td>Salmon, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>17</td>
<td></td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hatakka <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Smoked, cold &amp; vacuum-packed</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Finland</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>232</td>
<td>222</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Miettinen, H., <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Fish, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Finland</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Miettinen, H., <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Fish, hot-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Finland</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td>Seafood, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA-CA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1363</td>
<td>1292</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td>Seafood, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA-MD</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1324</td>
<td>1281</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ng and Seah, 1995</td>
<td>Mussels, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Norton <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Fish, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Norton <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Fish, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>96</td>
<td>85</td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cod, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Reference</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Food</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic
Region<sup>1</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Halibut,smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Oysters, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salmon, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>130</td>
<td>129</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Seafood, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Shad, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Snapper, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Sockeye, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Sturgeon, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Trout, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Scoglio <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Salmon, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Fish, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>71</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Fish, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>309</td>
<td>287</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>14</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Vogel <em>et al</em>., 2001a</td>
<td>Salmon, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>324</td>
<td>231</td>
<td>93</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Vogel <em>et al</em>., 2001b</td>
<td>Salmon, cold-smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>135</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Herring, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Reference</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Food</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic
Region<sup>1</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Salmon, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5"></td>
<td>Total=</td>
<td>7855</td>
<td>6844</td>
<td>589</td>
<td>67</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td>129</td>
<td></td>
<td>56</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>93</td>
<td></td>
<td>42</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Raw Seafood Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-1"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-1">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food">Food</h4></td>
<td><strong><em>Geographic Region</em><sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><h3 id="country"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><strong><em>Pub. Date</em><sup>2</sup></strong></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><strong><em>Collection</em><sup>3</sup></strong></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Adesiyun, 1993</td>
<td>Fish &amp; shrimp, raw</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Trinidad</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>102</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Anderson and Nørrung, 1995</td>
<td>Fish, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>232</td>
<td>199</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>26</td>
<td></td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Baek <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Halibut, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Baek <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Shellfish</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>250</td>
<td>247</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Berry <em>et al</em>., 1994</td>
<td>Shrimp, imported &amp; frozen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Buchanan <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Catfish, fresh</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Buchanan <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Clam, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Buchanan <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Fin-fish, fresh</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Buchanan <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Oysters, uncooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Buchanan <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Scallops, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Buchanan <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Shrimp, raw &amp; frozen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Buchanan <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Surimi, crab</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Colburn <em>et al.</em>, 1990</td>
<td>Oysters, live</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Fillet, coalfish</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Fillet, cod</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Salmon, cut &amp; raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Herring, frozen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Surfaces, raw salmon (filets)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h5 id="reference-1">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-1">Food</h4></td>
<td><strong><em>Geographic Region</em><sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><h3 id="country-1"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><strong><em>Pub. Date</em><sup>2</sup></strong></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><strong><em>Collection</em><sup>3</sup></strong></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Surfaces, raw salmon (whole)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Surfaces, raw salmon</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Davies <em>et al</em>. 2001</td>
<td>Plaice/raw food</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Great Britain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Davies <em>et al</em>. 2001</td>
<td>Salmon/raw seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Great Britain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Davies <em>et al</em>. 2001</td>
<td>Sardine/raw seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Portugal</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Davies <em>et al</em>. 2001</td>
<td>Trout/raw seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Great Britain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Davies <em>et al</em>. 2001</td>
<td>Trout/raw seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Portugal</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Davies <em>et al</em>. 2001</td>
<td>Whiting/raw seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>de Simon <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Molluscs, bivalve, mussels</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Decastelli <em>et al</em>., 1993</td>
<td>Mussels, depurated</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Decastelli <em>et al</em>., 1993</td>
<td>Mussels,</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>175</td>
<td>175</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Degnan <em>et al</em>., 1994</td>
<td>Meat, blue crab</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Australia</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Draughon <em>et al.</em>, 1999</td>
<td>Trout, rainbow</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>30</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>El-Shenawy and El-Shenawy, 1995</td>
<td>Clam, fresh</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Egypt</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>El-Shenawy and El-Shenawy, 1995</td>
<td>Coquina, fresh</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Egypt</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>El-Shenawy and El-Shenawy, 1995</td>
<td>Crab</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Egypt</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>El-Shenawy and El-Shenawy, 1995</td>
<td>Fin-fish, fresh</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Egypt</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>El-Shenawy and El-Shenawy, 1995</td>
<td>Fin-fish, frozen</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Egypt</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-2">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-2">Food</h4></td>
<td><strong><em>Geographic Region</em><sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><h3 id="country-2"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><strong><em>Pub. Date</em><sup>2</sup></strong></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><strong><em>Collection</em><sup>3</sup></strong></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>El-Shenawy and El-Shenawy, 1995</td>
<td>Oysters, raw</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Egypt</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>El-Shenawy and El-Shenawy, 1995</td>
<td>Shrimp</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Egypt</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Farber, 1991b</td>
<td>Shrimp, retail</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Farber, 1991b</td>
<td>Surimi, etc</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ferrer and de Simón, 1993</td>
<td>Mussels, fresh</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ferrer and de Simón, 1993</td>
<td>Oysters, fresh</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fuchs and Surendran, 1989</td>
<td>Clam, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fuchs and Surendran, 1989</td>
<td>Fish, fresh</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fuchs and Surendran, 1989</td>
<td>Fish, frozen</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartemink and Georgsson, 1991</td>
<td>Fish, other</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Iceland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartemink and Georgsson, 1991</td>
<td>Trout, fresh</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Iceland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Heinitz, 1999</td>
<td>Fin-fish/shellfish</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>9495</td>
<td>8791</td>
<td>704</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hofer and Ribeiro, 1990</td>
<td>Shrimp, frozen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hudson <em>et al</em>, 1992</td>
<td>Ready-to-eat seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>New Zealand</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Iida <em>et al</em>., 1998</td>
<td>Fin-fish &amp; non-fin-fish</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>781</td>
<td>771</td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Inoue <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Seafood, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>213</td>
<td>206</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Jeyasekaran <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Fin-fish, tropical</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Jeyasekaran <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Shellfish, tropical</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Anchovy</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Duck-fish, Bombay</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h5 id="reference-3">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-3">Food</h4></td>
<td><strong><em>Geographic Region</em><sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><h3 id="country-3"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><strong><em>Pub. Date</em><sup>2</sup></strong></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><strong><em>Collection</em><sup>3</sup></strong></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Crab</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Fish, Doma-local</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Anchovy, Golden</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Salmon, Indian</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Mackeral</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Pom fret</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Shrimp, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Fin, thread</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Karpiskova <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Fish, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Czech Republic</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>118</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Karunasagar <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Fish</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Manoj <em>et al</em>., 1991</td>
<td>Fin-fish, fresh</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Manoj <em>et al</em>., 1991</td>
<td>Shrimp, raw/process</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Masuda <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Fin-fish, fresh</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>382</td>
<td>373</td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Masuda <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Shellfish, non-oyster</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>147</td>
<td>145</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Masuda <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Oysters, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>McLauchlin and Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Fish &amp; fish products</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>17</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Miettinen <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Fish, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Finland</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Miettinen <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Roe</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Finland</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Monfort <em>et al</em>., 1998</td>
<td>Shellfish</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>109</td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Motes, 1991</td>
<td>Oysters, live</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Motes, 1991</td>
<td>Shrimp, live</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h5 id="reference-4">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-4">Food</h4></td>
<td><strong><em>Geographic Region</em><sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><h3 id="country-4"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><strong><em>Pub. Date</em><sup>2</sup></strong></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><strong><em>Collection</em><sup>3</sup></strong></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ng and Seah, 1995</td>
<td>Crabmeat/scallops</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ng and Seah, 1995</td>
<td>Fish cakes, fingers</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ng and Seah, 1995</td>
<td>Tuna</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Norton <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Fish, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Norton <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Fish, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>102</td>
<td>93</td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Butterfish</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cod</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>18</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Crab</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>393</td>
<td>375</td>
<td>18</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Halibut</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Fillets, ocean cats</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Perch</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Seafood, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>12</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Surimi, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Fish, rock</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Roe</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Sable</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-5">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-5">Food</h4></td>
<td><strong><em>Geographic Region</em><sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><h3 id="country-5"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><strong><em>Pub. Date</em><sup>2</sup></strong></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><strong><em>Collection</em><sup>3</sup></strong></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salmon</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Shrimp</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>106</td>
<td>99</td>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Snapper</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Sole</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>19</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Sushi-with &amp; without rice</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Fillets, turbot</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pullela <em>et al</em>., 1998</td>
<td>Fin-fish, aquaculture</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>140</td>
<td>140</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ravomanana <em>et al</em>., 1993</td>
<td>Shrimp, raw &amp; fresh</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Rorvik and Yndestad, 1991</td>
<td>Fin-fish, minced</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Norway</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ryu <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Fish, other</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ryu <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Fish, salt sushi</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ryu <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Fish, sushi</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ryu <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Prawn, raw, 'sushi'</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ryu <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Tuna, minced sushi</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Scoglio <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Shellfish, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Scoglio <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Shrimp, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Soriano <em>et al</em>.,2001</td>
<td>Hake, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Soriano <em>et al</em>.,2001</td>
<td>Salmon, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Soriano <em>et al</em>.,2001</td>
<td>Sole, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-6">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-6">Food</h4></td>
<td><strong><em>Geographic Region</em><sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><h3 id="country-6"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><strong><em>Pub. Date</em><sup>2</sup></strong></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><strong><em>Collection</em><sup>3</sup></strong></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Crustacean/shellfish</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Crustacean/shellfish</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Fish &amp; fish parts</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Fish &amp; fish parts</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>238</td>
<td>232</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Vogel <em>et al</em>., 2001a</td>
<td>Salmon, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Weagant <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Fin-fish, frozen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R or P</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Weagant <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Lobster tail, frozen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R or P</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Weagant <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Oysters, frozen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R or P</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Weagant <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Scallops, frozen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R or P</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Weagant <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Shrimp, raw &amp; frozen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R or P</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Weagant <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Squid, langostinos, frozen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R or P</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Weagant <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Surimi, frozen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R or P</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>20</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Wong <em>et al</em>., 1990</td>
<td>Fish &amp; non-fish, local frozen and refrigerated</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Taiwan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Finfish, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Octopus, raw, squid, trepang</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Salmon, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Shellfish, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Shrimp, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h5 id="reference-7">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-7">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region<sup>1</sup></strong></em></td>
<td><h3 id="country-7"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Seafood, surimi and minced</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Seafood,</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>15634</td>
<td>14541</td>
<td>1013</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>28</td>
<td></td>
<td>8</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Preserved Fish Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-2"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-2">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-8">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-8">Food</h4></td>
<td><strong><em>Geographic Region</em><sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><h3 id="country-8"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><strong><em>Pub. Date</em><sup>2</sup></strong></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><strong><em>Collection</em><sup>3</sup></strong></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Anderson and Nørrung, 1995</td>
<td>Fish, preserved</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>335</td>
<td>300</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>18</td>
<td></td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Baek <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Dried shrimp, squid &amp; mussels</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Choi <em>et al</em>.,2001</td>
<td>Dried squid &amp; mussels</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>El-Shenawy and El-Shenawy, 1995</td>
<td>Fin-fish, smoke &amp; salted</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Egypt</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ericsson et al, 1997</td>
<td>Trout, gravad</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Sweden</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P/R</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fuchs and Sirvas, 1991</td>
<td>Ceviche</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Peru</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fuchs and Surendran, 1989</td>
<td>Fish, dried &amp; salted</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartemink and Georgsson, 1991</td>
<td>Gravad</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Iceland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartemink and Georgsson, 1991</td>
<td>Haddock, dried</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Iceland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Jemmi, 1990</td>
<td>Fin-fish, pickled</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Switzer-land</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>89</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>23</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Jorgensen and Huss, 1998</td>
<td>Fish, gravad</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>91</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Anchovy, dried</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Anchovy, Golden dried</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Dried fish “Bombay Duck”</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Mackeral, dried</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Shrimp, dried</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Loncarevic <em>et al</em>, 1996</td>
<td>Fish, gravad</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Sweden</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>12</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-9">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-9">Food</h4></td>
<td><strong><em>Geographic Region</em><sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><h3 id="country-9"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><strong><em>Pub. Date</em><sup>2</sup></strong></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><strong><em>Collection</em><sup>3</sup></strong></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hatakka <em>et al</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Fish, cold-salted &amp; vacuum-packed</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Finland</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>McLauchlin &amp; Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Cooked fish &amp; fish products</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>346</td>
<td>334</td>
<td>12</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Miettinen <em>et al</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Fish, cold &amp; salted</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Finland</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Clams, salted</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salmon, salted</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Anchovies, seasoned</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Rorvik and Yndestad, 1991</td>
<td>Shrimp, brined</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Norway</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Fish, processed</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>186</td>
<td>185</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Fish, processed</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>119</td>
<td>106</td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>, 2000</td>
<td>Dried squid, salmon, shishamo smelt</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>, 2000</td>
<td>Seafood, fermented</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al,</em> 2000</td>
<td>Sushi flatfish, fermented</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>, 2000</td>
<td>Salad, marinated seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>, 2000</td>
<td>Sushi sandfish, fermented</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">Total=</td>
<td>1495</td>
<td>1349</td>
<td>77</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>23</td>
<td></td>
<td>21</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>9</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Ready-to-eat Crustacean Food Category:
Contamination Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2
id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-3">Number of Samples (values
in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-10">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-10">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-10"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dauphin <em>et al</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Mussels, shelled cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Degnan <em>et al</em>, 1994</td>
<td>Crab</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Farber, 1991b</td>
<td>Shrimp, wholesale</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartemink and Georgsson, 1991</td>
<td>Shellfish, cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Iceland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartemink and Georgsson, 1991</td>
<td>Shrimp, cooked &amp; processed</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Iceland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Crab, cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>95</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Shrimp, cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>236</td>
<td>234</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Crab, imitation</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ravomanana <em>et al</em>, 1993</td>
<td>Shrimp, cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Rawles <em>et al</em>, 1995</td>
<td>Crab</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>126</td>
<td>116</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Richmond, 1990</td>
<td>Miscellany, cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Valdimarsson, <em>et al</em>, 1998</td>
<td>Shrimp, cooked &amp; frozen</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Iceland</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>3331</td>
<td>3259</td>
<td>72</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Weagant <em>et al</em>, 1988</td>
<td>Crab, cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R or P</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Weagant <em>et al</em>, 1988</td>
<td>Shrimp, cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R or P</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h5 id="reference-11">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-11">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-11"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Yamazaki <em>et al</em>, 2000</td>
<td>Seafood, boiled</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>4004</td>
<td>3892</td>
<td>98</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Vegetables Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2
id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-4">Number of Samples (values
in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-12">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-12">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-12"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Beckers <em>et al</em>, 1987</td>
<td>Vegetables, fresh &amp; cut</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Nether-lands</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Benezet <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Celery,</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Benezet <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Cilantro</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Benezet <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Onion,</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Benezet <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Laurel</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Benezet <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Parsley</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Benezet <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Thyme</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Benezet <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Winter sweet</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Breer, 1988</td>
<td>Salads</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Switzer-land</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Breer, 1988</td>
<td>Vegetables</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Switzer-land</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Choi <em>et al</em>.,2001</td>
<td>Vegetables, raw</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>205</td>
<td>205</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Daley <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Vegetables</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>de Simon <em>et al.,</em> 1992</td>
<td>Vegetables, fresh</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>103</td>
<td>95</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Farber <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Celery</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Farber <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Lettuce</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Farber <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Radishes</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Farber <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Tomatoes</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Garcia-Gimeno <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Salads</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>21</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 2000b</td>
<td><p>Salads, minimally</p>
<p>processed fresh</p>
<p>vegetables</p></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-13">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-13">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-13"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 2001</td>
<td>Vegetable foods, other</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>676</td>
<td>671</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 2001</td>
<td>Vegetable foods, other</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>672</td>
<td>667</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 1999</td>
<td>Salad</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Heinitz, 1999</td>
<td>Salads, vegetable</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>361</td>
<td>341</td>
<td>20</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Heisick <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Cabbage</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>91</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Heisick <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Cucumbers</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Heisick <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Lettuce</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Heisick <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Mushrooms</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Heisick <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Radishes</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>132</td>
<td>113</td>
<td>19</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Inoue <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Vegetables</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>285</td>
<td>285</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Karpiskova <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Vegetables</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Czech Republic</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>156</td>
<td>152</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lin <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Salads, vegetable</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Marranzano <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Celery</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Marranzano <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Fennel</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Marranzano <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Lettuce</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>McLauchlin and Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Vegetables &amp; salads,</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>567</td>
<td>495</td>
<td>69</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>McLauchlin and Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Vegetables &amp; salads,</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>279</td>
<td>255</td>
<td>24</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Monge and Arias, 1996</td>
<td>Cabbage salad</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Costa Rica</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h5 id="reference-14">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-14">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-14"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td><p>Salad, leafy bagged &amp;</p>
<p>precut</p></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA-CA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1515</td>
<td>1501</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td><p>Salad, leafy bagged &amp;</p>
<p>precut</p></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA-MD</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1448</td>
<td>1440</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Odumeru <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Broccoli florets</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Odumeru <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Broccoli florets</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Odumeru <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Coleslaw mix</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Odumeru <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Coleslaw mix</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Odumeru <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Green peppers</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Odumeru <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Green peppers</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Odumeru <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Lettuce, chopped</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Odumeru <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Lettuce, chopped</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Odumeru <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Salad mix</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Odumeru <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Salad mix</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Broccoli</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cabbage</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Celery</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cilentro</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Green Beans</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Jalapeno</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Kelp</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Kidney, Mung. Bean</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-15">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-15">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-15"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Lettuce</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, mixed vegetable</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Mushroom</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Onion</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Pea</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Potato</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Radish</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Spinach</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Sprouts</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>109</td>
<td>109</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Tomato</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Vegetable</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Yam</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pingulkar <em>et al.</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Root, beet</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Pingulkar <em>et al.</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Cabbage</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pingulkar <em>et al.</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Carrot</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Pingulkar <em>et al.</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Coriander</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pingulkar <em>et al.</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Cucumber</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Pingulkar <em>et al.</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Lettuce</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pingulkar <em>et al.</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Leaves, math vegetable</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h5 id="reference-16">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-16">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-16"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Pingulkar <em>et al.</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Roots, math</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pingulkar <em>et al.</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Leaves, radish</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Pingulkar <em>et al.</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Roots, radish</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pingulkar <em>et al.</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Salads, ready-to-eat</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Pingulkar et al., 2001</td>
<td>Capsicum</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Porto <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Cabbage</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Porto <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Lettuce</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>96</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Porto <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Parsley</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Porto <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Watercress</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Salamah, 1993</td>
<td>Cabbage</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Saudi Arabia</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Salamah, 1993</td>
<td>Carrot</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Saudi Arabia</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>104</td>
<td>16</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Salamah, 1993</td>
<td>Cucumber</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Saudi Arabia</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>106</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Salamah, 1993</td>
<td>Lettuce</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Saudi Arabia</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>79</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Sizmur and Walker, 1988</td>
<td>Vegetables, mixed</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Soriano <em>et al</em>.,2001</td>
<td>Lettuce</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Soriano <em>et al</em>.,2001</td>
<td>Lettuce,</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Soriano <em>et al</em>.,2001</td>
<td>Spinach</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Soriano <em>et al</em>.,2001</td>
<td>Spinach</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Szabo <em>et al</em>.,2000</td>
<td>Lettuce</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Australia</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Szabo <em>et al</em>.,2000</td>
<td>Lettuce</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Australia</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Legumes</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Mushrooms</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-17">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-17">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-17"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Vegetables, fresh</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Velani and Roberts, 1991</td>
<td>Individual salad ingredients (bean sprouts, cabbage, carrot, celery,
cress, cucumber, lettuce, mushroom, peppers, radish, spring onions,
tomato, vegetables, watercress)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>108</td>
<td>106</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Velani and Roberts, 1991</td>
<td>Salads, mixed &amp; prepacked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>West and North Yorkshire Joint Working Group, 1991</td>
<td>Salad, raw vegetables</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>237</td>
<td>224</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Wong <em>et al</em>., 1990</td>
<td>Vegetables</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Taiwan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>9223</td>
<td>8892</td>
<td>249</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Fruit Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-3"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-5">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-18">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-18">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-18"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Heinitz, 1999</td>
<td>Fruit products</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>117</td>
<td>89</td>
<td>28</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Karpiskova <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Fruit, dried</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Czech Republic</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Apples</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Blueberries</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cantalope</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, fruit</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Fruit, various</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Gelatin dessert with fruit</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Melons</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Pears</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Pineapples</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Watermelons</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Fruit, fresh</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Fruit, product</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>254</td>
<td>224</td>
<td>30</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Fresh Soft Cheese Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-4"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-6">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-19">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-19">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-19"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Queso Fresco</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1724</td>
<td>1678</td>
<td>46</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Queso Fresco</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Gelosa, 1990</td>
<td>Cheese, fresh (fornaggio fresco)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td>Cheese, Hispanic style</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA-CA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1482</td>
<td>1481</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td>Cheese, Hispanic style</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA-MD</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1454</td>
<td>1450</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Queso Fresco</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Panela</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Saltijeral <em>et al.,</em> 1999</td>
<td>Panellá</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Mexico</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ubach <em>et al</em>., 1991</td>
<td>Quesofresco, requesoy</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>91</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Weber <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Cheese, fresh cow &amp; goat milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>4866</td>
<td>4796</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Soft Unripened Cheese Food Category:
Contamination Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-5"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-7">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-20">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-20">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-20"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Copes <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Cheeses, soft paste</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Argentina</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, farmer</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Gournay</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, fresh port</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Quark</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, sheep milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Greenwood <em>et al.</em>, 1991</td>
<td>Cheese, unripened</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>366</td>
<td>362</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>McLauchlin and Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Cheese, cottage</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>137</td>
<td>137</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>McLauchlin <em>et al</em>., 1990</td>
<td>Anari</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R/P</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>McLauchlin <em>et al</em>., 1990</td>
<td>Halloumi</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R/P</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, cottage</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Creme Mexicana</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Spieisequark</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Spieisequark-quargel</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-21">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-21">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-21"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>West and North Yorkshire Joint Working Group, 1991</td>
<td>Cheese, cottage</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>814</td>
<td>782</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>18</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Soft Ripened Cheese Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-6"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-8">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-22">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-22">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-22"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Beckers <em>et al</em>, 1987</td>
<td>Brie/ Camembert (from pasteurized milk)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Nether-lands</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Beckers <em>et al</em>, 1987</td>
<td>Brie/ Camembert (from raw milk)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Nether-lands</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Botarelli <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Feta/cheese, soft &amp; short-ripened</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Botarelli <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Brie/cheese, soft &amp; short-ripened</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Botarelli <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Crescenza/ cheese, soft &amp; short-ripened</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Botarelli <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Taleggio/ cheese, soft, short-ripened</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Breer and Schopfer, 1989</td>
<td>Cheese, white mold</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Switzer-land</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>261</td>
<td>254</td>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Delgado da Silva <em>et al</em>., 1998</td>
<td>Minas frescal chomemadel, Brazilian soft cheese eaten fresh</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, feta</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Brie</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Camambert</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Mozzarella</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 2000a.</td>
<td>soft, mold-ripened cheese</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>234</td>
<td>230</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 2001</td>
<td>soft, mold-ripened cheese</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 2001</td>
<td>soft, mold-ripened cheese</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-23">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-23">Food</h4></td>
<td><strong><em>Geographic Region</em><sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><h3 id="country-23"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><strong><em>Pub. Date</em><sup>2</sup></strong></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><strong><em>Collection</em><sup>3</sup></strong></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 1999</td>
<td>soft, mold-ripened cheese</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Loncarevic <em>et al.</em>, 1995</td>
<td>soft, mold-ripened cheese</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Europe Sweden</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>McLauchlin <em>et al</em>., 1990</td>
<td>Feta</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td>Cheese, soft mold ripened</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1347</td>
<td>1333</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>12</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>Oregon State Dept of</p>
<p>Agriculture, 2001</p></td>
<td>Cheese, Camembert</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Oregon State Dept of</p>
<p>Agriculture, 2001</p></td>
<td>Cheese, pyramid goat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>Oregon State Dept of</p>
<p>Agriculture, 2001</p></td>
<td>Cheese, feta goat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Oregon State Dept of</p>
<p>Agriculture, 2001</p></td>
<td>Mozzarella</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pinto and Reali, 1996</td>
<td>Taleggio</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Pinto and Reali, 1996</td>
<td>Mozzarella</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Rudolf <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, soft</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Europe</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>192</td>
<td>180</td>
<td>12</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Sanchez-Rey <em>et al.</em>, 1993</td>
<td>La Serena cheese, from raw ewes milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Hartz mountain cheese Harzerkase</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-24">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-24">Food</h4></td>
<td><strong><em>Geographic Region</em><sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><h3 id="country-24"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><strong><em>Pub. Date</em><sup>2</sup></strong></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><strong><em>Collection</em><sup>3</sup></strong></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Hartz mountain cheese Harzerkase</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td><p>Cheese, Sauermulchkase-sour</p>
<p>milk hand</p></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td><p>Cheese, Sauermulchkase-sour</p>
<p>milk hand</p></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Romadur</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Weber <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Cheese, soft</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Weber <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Cheese, soft cow</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>307</td>
<td>299</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Weber <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Cheese, soft goat &amp; sheep</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>3109</td>
<td>2992</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>12</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>17</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Semi-Soft Cheese Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-7"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-9">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="reference-25">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-25">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-25"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Botarelli <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Gorgonzola/ cheese</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Breer and Schopfer, 1989</td>
<td>Cheese, semi-soft</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Switzer-land</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>205</td>
<td>201</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>de Boer and Kuik, 1987</td>
<td>Cheese, blue-veined</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Nether-lands</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, blue</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Butter cheese</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Gorgonzola</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, Gouda</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, Gouda</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Havarti</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, Jack</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Limburger</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Pinna Ricotta</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Roquefort</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, semi-soft</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>135</td>
<td>135</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, semi-soft</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, string</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>NFPA, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, blue-veined soft</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1623</td>
<td>1600</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, blue</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, Monterey Jack</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Muenster</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h5 id="reference-26">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-26">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-26"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, semi-soft goat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, string</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, Swiss</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pinto and Reali, 1996</td>
<td>Gorgonzola</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Rudolf and Scherer, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, semi-soft</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Europe</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>85</td>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Saltijeral <em>et al.,</em> 1999</td>
<td>Manchego</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Mexico</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Edam</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Edam</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Limburger</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Limburger</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Muenster</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Muenster</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Stangenkase, Limburger type</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h5 id="reference-27">Reference</h5></td>
<td><h4 id="food-27">Food</h4></td>
<td><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em><sup>1</sup></td>
<td><h3 id="country-27"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td><em><strong>Pub. Date</strong></em><sup>2</sup></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection</strong></em><sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>&gt;0.1-1</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E2-</strong></em> <em><strong>1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Stangenkase, Limburger type</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Weber <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Cheese, semi-soft</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>144</td>
<td>125</td>
<td>19</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Weber <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Cheese, sheep semi-soft</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>2615</td>
<td>2534</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Hard Cheese Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-8"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-10">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-28"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-28"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h3 id="country-28"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Breer and Schopfer, 1989</td>
<td>Cheese, hard Hartkase</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Switzerland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>88</td>
<td>88</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Delgado da Silva <em>et al.,</em> 1998</td>
<td>Cheese, Cheddar</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cacique Asadero</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, Colby Jack semi-soft</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, Parmesan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, Provolone</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Queso Anejo</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Greenwood <em>et al</em>., 1991</td>
<td>Cheese, hard</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lanciotti <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Cheese, hard ripened</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>McLauchlin and Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Cheese, hard</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>448</td>
<td>442</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>McLauchlin <em>et al</em>., 1990</td>
<td>Cheese, Cheddar goat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R/P</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>McLauchlin <em>et al</em>., 1990</td>
<td>Gjestost</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, Cheddar</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, Cheddar</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, Colby Jack</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-29"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-29"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h3 id="country-29"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, hard</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Quesco Cotija</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Rudolf and Scherer, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, hard</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Europe</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P or R</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Saltijeral <em>et al.,</em> 1999</td>
<td>Chihuahua</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Mexico</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Weber <em>et al.</em>, 1988</td>
<td>Cheese, hard</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>West and North Yorkshire Joint Working Group, 1991</td>
<td>Cheese, hard</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>973</td>
<td>959</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Processed Cheese Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-9"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-11">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-30"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-30"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Baek <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Cheese, pasturized &amp; processed</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ng and Seah, 1995</td>
<td>Cheese &amp; spreads</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P/R</td>
<td>103</td>
<td>103</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cheese, processed</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Cheese, Schnittkase-sliced</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>96</td>
<td>95</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Cheese, Schnittkase-sliced</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>325</td>
<td>322</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Pasteurized Milk Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-10"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-12">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-31"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-31"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ahrabi <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Turkey</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Arnold and Coble, 1995</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Australia</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Baek <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Milk, pasteurized</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Beckers <em>et al</em>, 1987</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Nether-lands</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Casarotti <em>et al.,</em> 1994</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Farber <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fernandez Garayzabal <em>et al.</em>, 1986</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Gelosa, 1990</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Gohil <em>et al</em>., 1995</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>UA Emirates</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>182</td>
<td>182</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Greenaway and Drew, 1990</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Australia</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Greenwood <em>et al</em>., 1991</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1039</td>
<td>1028</td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, M. 2000b</td>
<td>Milk, pasteurized</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>651</td>
<td>651</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 2001</td>
<td>Milk, pasteurized</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1452</td>
<td>1451</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, M., 1999</td>
<td>Milk, UHT</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, M., 1999</td>
<td>Pasteurized milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>690</td>
<td>690</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Harvey and Gilmour, 1992</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Northern Ireland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>95</td>
<td>94</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ibrahim <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Hungary</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ibrahim <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Hungary</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye/IDFA, 2000b</td>
<td><p>Milk, cow's</p>
<p>whole</p></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1897</td>
<td>1897</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye/IDFA,2000b</td>
<td>Milk, cow’s skim</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1846</td>
<td>1845</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-32"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-32"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye/IDFA, 2000b</td>
<td><p>Milk, cow's</p>
<p>Chocolate</p></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1669</td>
<td>1669</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frey/IDFA, 2000b</td>
<td>Milk, cow’s reduced fat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>107</td>
<td>107</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye/IDFA, 2000b</td>
<td>Milk, cow’s</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>285</td>
<td>285</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kozak <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Milk, chocolate</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>415</td>
<td>410</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kozak <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Milk, lowfat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>282</td>
<td>282</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kozak <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Milk, skim</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>98</td>
<td>98</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kozak <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Milk, whole</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>348</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Laciar <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Argentina</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>McLaughlin and Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>469</td>
<td>469</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Mickova, 1991</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Czecho-slovakia</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Moura <em>et al</em>., 1993</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>220</td>
<td>220</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Milk, chocolate</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Milk, goat's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Rola, 1994</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Poland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Roy, 1992</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Scotland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>115</td>
<td>111</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Sharif and Tunail, 1991</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Turkey</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>443</td>
<td>442</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Milk, treated</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Tiscione <em>et al</em>., 1994</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Venables, 1989</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Australia</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>206</td>
<td>205</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>West and North Yorkshire Joint Working Group, 1991</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>12407</td>
<td>12363</td>
<td>40</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in
group 1. ^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to
1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown. ^4^ E = samples
≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Non-pasteurized Milk Food Category:
Contamination Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-11"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-13">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-33"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-33"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Abou-Eleinin <em>et al.</em>, 2000</td>
<td>Milk, raw goat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>450</td>
<td>433</td>
<td>17</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Anonymous, 1989</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>1409</td>
<td>1324</td>
<td>85</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Arias <em>et al.,</em> 1994</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Costa Rica</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>220</td>
<td>220</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Baek <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Milk, raw</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Beckers <em>et al</em>., 1987</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Nether-lands</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>137</td>
<td>131</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Casarotti <em>et al</em>., 1994</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Davidson <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>256</td>
<td>252</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Desmasures <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dominguez Rodrigues <em>et al</em>., 1985</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>95</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>43</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Donnelly <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>939</td>
<td>924</td>
<td>15</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Doyle and Schoeni, 1986</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>El Marrakchi <em>et al</em>., 1993</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Morocco</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>El-Leboudy and Fayad, 1992</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Egypt</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>236</td>
<td>229</td>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Farber <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>445</td>
<td>439</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fedio and Jackson, 1990</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fedio and Jackson, 1990</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fedio and Jackson, 1990</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>426</td>
<td>418</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fenlon and Wilson, 1989</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Scotland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>540</td>
<td>526</td>
<td>14</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fenlon <em>et al</em>., 1995</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Scotland</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>727</td>
<td>638</td>
<td>44</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>32</td>
<td></td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-34"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-34"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fernandez Garayzabul <em>et al.</em>, 1987</td>
<td>Cows' milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>67</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>30</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye/IDFA, 2000</td>
<td>Milk, raw goat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye/IDFA, 2000</td>
<td>Milk, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>194</td>
<td>193</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Gledel, 1986</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Gledel, 1986</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>337</td>
<td>323</td>
<td>14</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Greenwood <em>et al</em>., 1991</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>361</td>
<td>348</td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 2000a.</td>
<td>Raw milk for sale (raw milk off farm)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>187</td>
<td>184</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 2000a.</td>
<td>Milk, untreated (bulk raw milk)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>964</td>
<td>955</td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 2000a.</td>
<td>Milk, certified raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>415</td>
<td>415</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 1999</td>
<td>Raw milk for sale (raw milk off farm)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>166</td>
<td>165</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 1999</td>
<td>Milk, untreated (bulk raw milk)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1273</td>
<td>1263</td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 1999</td>
<td>Milk, certified &amp; raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>439</td>
<td>439</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Harvey and Gilmour, 1992</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>N. Ireland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>176</td>
<td>149</td>
<td>27</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Laciar <em>et al.,</em> 1999</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Argentina</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P?</td>
<td>208</td>
<td>207</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Liewen and Plautz, 1988</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>192</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lovett <em>et al</em>., 1987</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>650</td>
<td>623</td>
<td>27</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Luisjuan-Morales <em>et al</em>., 1995</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Mexico</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lund <em>et al</em>., 1991</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>300</td>
<td>291</td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>McLauchlin and Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>331</td>
<td>323</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>McLauchlin and Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Non-bovine</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>412</td>
<td>412</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>McLauchlin <em>et al</em>., 1990</td>
<td>Milk, goat's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Moura <em>et al</em>., 1993</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>220</td>
<td>199</td>
<td>21</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oni <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Nigeria</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>150</td>
<td>149</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-35"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-35"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>385</td>
<td>384</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Milk, goat's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>171</td>
<td>171</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Patterson <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Razavi-Rohani and Hedaiatinia, 1990</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Iran</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P/R</td>
<td>190</td>
<td>186</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Rea <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Ireland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>589</td>
<td>560</td>
<td>29</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Rodler and Köerbler, 1989</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Hungary</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Rohrbach <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>292</td>
<td>280</td>
<td>12</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Slade and Collins-Thompson<em>,</em> 1988</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>315</td>
<td>298</td>
<td>17</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Steele <em>et al</em>., 1997</td>
<td>Milk, cow's (farm bulk tank)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1720</td>
<td>1673</td>
<td>47</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Stone, 1987</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>New Zealand</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>71</td>
<td>71</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Takai <em>et al</em>., 1990</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>97</td>
<td>93</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Milk, cow's</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>256</td>
<td>256</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Non-bovine</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Non-bovine</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Vázquez-Salinas <em>et al</em>. 2001</td>
<td>Milk, raw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Mexico</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>1138</td>
<td>162</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>19080</td>
<td>18299</td>
<td>726</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>32</td>
<td></td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in
group 1. ^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to
1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present. ^3^ R = sample collected at
retail; P = sample collected at plant/ manufacturer; ? = location of
sample collection unknown. ^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were
enumerated

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Frozen Dairy Products Food Category:
Contamination Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-12"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-14">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-36"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-36"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Arnold and Coble, 1995</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Australia</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>166</td>
<td>143</td>
<td>23</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Baek <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>132</td>
<td>124</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Choi et al.,2001</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ciftcioglu <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Turkey</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Farber <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Ice cream, novelty</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Farber <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>394</td>
<td>393</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Farber <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Ice cream mix</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>85</td>
<td>85</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Frozen dairy products</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Greenwood <em>et al</em>., 1991</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>150</td>
<td>147</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 2000a.</td>
<td>Ice cream =speiseeis</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2490</td>
<td>2489</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 2001</td>
<td>Speiseeis = icecream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1694</td>
<td>1692</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 2001</td>
<td>Speiseeis = icecream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1696</td>
<td>1694</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 1999</td>
<td>Ice cream =speiseeis</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2628</td>
<td>2625</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Heinitz, 1999</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>294</td>
<td>270</td>
<td>24</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>IDFA, 1999</td>
<td>Ice cream, novelties</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1227</td>
<td>1196</td>
<td>31</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>IDFA, 1999</td>
<td>Ice cream, novelties (0.01 detection limit)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>19320</td>
<td>19311</td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>IDFA, 1999</td>
<td>Ice cream/ frozen yogurt</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>517</td>
<td>517</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kozak <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Ice cream, novelty</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>351</td>
<td>321</td>
<td>30</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kozak <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>716</td>
<td>688</td>
<td>28</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kozak <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Ice milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-37"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-37"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Maifreni <em>et al</em>., 1993</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>396</td>
<td>396</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>McLauchlin and Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>274</td>
<td>257</td>
<td>17</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Monge <em>et al.,</em> 1994</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Costa Rica</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Monge <em>et al</em>., 1994</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Costa Rica</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ng and Seah, 1995</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P/R</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Frozen yogurt</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>106</td>
<td>106</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Ice cream mix</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Ice cream, novelty</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Ice milk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Ice cream, iced products</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Ice cream, iced products</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Unilever, 2000</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Oceania/ Asia/ Africa</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>21416</td>
<td>21413</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Unilever, 2000</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>America</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>16387</td>
<td>16382</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Unilever, 2000</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Europe</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>99216</td>
<td>99160</td>
<td>56</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Warke <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Ice creams</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-38"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-38"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>West and North Yorkshire Joint Working Group, 1991</td>
<td>Ice cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>170391</td>
<td>170129</td>
<td>259</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Cultured Milk Products Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-13"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-15">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-39"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-39"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Greenwood <em>et al</em>., 1991</td>
<td>Yogurt</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>180</td>
<td>176</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>McLauchlin and Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Yogurt</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>209</td>
<td>209</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>McLauchlin <em>et al</em>., 1990</td>
<td>Yogurt</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ng and Seah, 1995</td>
<td>Yogurt</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P/R</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Buttermilk</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Sour cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Yogurt</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>West and North Yorkshire Joint Working Group, 1991</td>
<td>Yogurt</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>490</td>
<td>486</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>High Fat and Other Dairy Products: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-14"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-16">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-40"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-40"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Frye, 2000</td>
<td>Butter</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Greenwood <em>et al</em>., 1991</td>
<td>Cream, pasteurized</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 2000a.</td>
<td>milk products</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>958</td>
<td>956</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 2000a.</td>
<td>milk products,</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6567</td>
<td>6538</td>
<td>29</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 2001</td>
<td>milk products,</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>266</td>
<td>264</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 2001</td>
<td>milk products,</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>537</td>
<td>533</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 1999</td>
<td>milk products</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 1999</td>
<td>milk products,</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>8732</td>
<td>8552</td>
<td>180</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Heinitz, 1999</td>
<td>milk product</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Heinitz, 1999</td>
<td>Milk products (not cheese or ice cream)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>271</td>
<td>267</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Karpiskova <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Dairy products</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Czech Republic</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>209</td>
<td>207</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kozak <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Butter</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kozak <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kozak <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Cream half &amp; half</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-41"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-41"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>McLauchlin and Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>116</td>
<td>116</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ng and Seah, 1995</td>
<td>cream</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P/R</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Pudding, chocolate</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Egg nog</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Half &amp; half</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Milkshake</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Dip</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Whipping cream</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Butter</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Butter</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>97</td>
<td>97</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>18169</td>
<td>17939</td>
<td>221</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Frankfurter Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-15"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-17">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-42"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-42"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hayes <em>et al</em>., 1992</td>
<td>Hotdogs</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Levine, 2000</td>
<td>Hotdogs</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1593</td>
<td>1516</td>
<td>77</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Levine, 2001</td>
<td>Hotdogs</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1800</td>
<td>1766</td>
<td>34</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ng and Seah, 1995</td>
<td>Franks, chicken &amp; pork</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>P/R</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Hotdog</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Hotdogs, beef</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Hotdogs, turkey</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Qvist and Liberski, 1991</td>
<td>Frankfurter</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Sweden?</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Samelis and Metaxopoulos, 1999</td>
<td>Frankfurter, sausage type</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Greece</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Wang and Muriana, 1994</td>
<td>Hotdogs</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>117</td>
<td>93</td>
<td>16</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Wenger <em>et al</em>., 1990</td>
<td>Wieners, turkey</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>21</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>3763</td>
<td>3582</td>
<td>161</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Dry/Semi-dry Sausage Food Category:
Contamination Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-16"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-18">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-43"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-43"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Breer and Schopfer, 1989</td>
<td>Salami</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Australia</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Buncic, 1991</td>
<td>Sausage, fermented</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Yugo-slavia</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Cantoni <em>et al</em>., 1988</td>
<td>Salami &amp; pork, seasoned meat products</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy?</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>225</td>
<td>219</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Choi <em>et al.,</em>2001</td>
<td>Sausage, fermented</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Farber <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Sausages, fermented</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Gomez-Campillo <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Cured chorizo</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lahellec <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Sausage, dry</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>116</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>33</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lahellec <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Sausage, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Levine, 2000</td>
<td>Sausages, fermented</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>352</td>
<td>335</td>
<td>17</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Levine, 2001</td>
<td>Sausage, dry &amp; semi-dry fermented</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>856</td>
<td>841</td>
<td>15</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Beef Stick</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Ag, 2001</td>
<td>Pepperoni</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salami</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Samelis and Metaxopoulos, 1999</td>
<td>Sausage, dry &amp; fermented</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Greece</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Sausage</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>850</td>
<td>806</td>
<td>44</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-44"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-44"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla, 1993</td>
<td>Sausage, cooked &amp; cured</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>338</td>
<td>314</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>21</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Trüssel, 1989</td>
<td>Beef, salami &amp; mettwurst</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>99</td>
<td>95</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Uyttendaele <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Sausage, raw &amp; fermented</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Belgium</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>308</td>
<td>259</td>
<td>36</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>3357</td>
<td>3141</td>
<td>175</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td>21</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Deli Meats Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-17"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-19">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-45"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-45"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Aguado <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Deli meats</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>369</td>
<td>335</td>
<td>34</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Baek <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Ham</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Korea</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Bersot <em>et al</em>, 2001</td>
<td>Mortadella</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Daley <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Meats, ready-to-eat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Gillespie <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Deli meats</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3455</td>
<td>3442</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Gomez-Campillo <em>et al.</em>, 1999</td>
<td>Cold cuts</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kamat and Nair, 1994</td>
<td>Ham, cooked</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>India</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lahellec <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Ham</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Levine, 2000</td>
<td>Corned beef, roast and cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>2587</td>
<td>2523</td>
<td>64</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Levine, 2000</td>
<td>Ham and luncheon meats, sliced</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>978</td>
<td>930</td>
<td>48</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Levine, 2000</td>
<td>Poultry, cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>4125</td>
<td>4036</td>
<td>89</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Levine, 2000</td>
<td>Sausage, large diameter cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>2174</td>
<td>2148</td>
<td>26</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Levine, 2001</td>
<td>Corned beef, roast cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1939</td>
<td>1892</td>
<td>47</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Levine, 2001</td>
<td>Ham-sliced/sliced luncheon</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>2048</td>
<td>1971</td>
<td>77</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Levine, 2001</td>
<td>Poultry, cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>2325</td>
<td>2294</td>
<td>31</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Levine, 2001</td>
<td>Sausage, large diameter cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>2725</td>
<td>2712</td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Miettinen, <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Broiler products, ready-to-eat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Finland</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td>Deli meats</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA-CA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4600</td>
<td>4572</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td>Deli meats</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA-MD</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4599</td>
<td>4545</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>12</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-46"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-46"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ng and Seah, 1995</td>
<td>Ham/salami/bacon/ luncheon meat</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ojeniyi <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Turkey breast, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ojeniyi <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Turkey breast, cooked smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ojeniyi <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Turkey cuvette, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ojeniyi <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Turkey fillet, smoked &amp; ready-to-eat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ojeniyi <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Turkey parts</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ojeniyi <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Turkey wings</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ojeniyi <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Turkey, cooked &amp; smoked &amp; diced</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Beef, barbecue</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Chicken, barbecue</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Meat, barbecue</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Pork, barbecue</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Beef</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Bologna</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Chicken, breaded</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Chicken, ready-to-eat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>72</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Corned beef</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Ham</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Olive loaf</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-47"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-47"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Pastrami</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Pork</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Beef, roast</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>108</td>
<td>108</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Turkey breast, sliced</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>118</td>
<td>118</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Turkey ham</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Turkey pastrami</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Turkey, ready-to-eat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Qvist and Liberski, 1991</td>
<td>Ham</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Sweden?</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>72</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Qvist and Liberski, 1991</td>
<td>Pork loin</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Sweden?</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>18</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Qvist and Liberski, 1991</td>
<td>Sausages</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Sweden?</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>72</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Samelis and Metaxopoulos, 1999</td>
<td>Bacon</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Greece</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Samelis and Metaxopoulos, 1999</td>
<td>Ham like products</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Greece</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Samelis and Metaxopoulos, 1999</td>
<td>Ham, sliced &amp; vacuum-packed</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Greece</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Samelis and Metaxopoulos, 1999</td>
<td>Mortadella</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Greece</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Samelis and Metaxopoulos, 1999</td>
<td>Pariza</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Greece</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Samelis and Metaxopoulos, 1999</td>
<td>Pork shoulder, sliced &amp; vacuum-packed</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Greece</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Samelis and Metaxopoulos, 1999</td>
<td>Sausage, country type</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Greece</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Samelis and Metaxopoulos, 1999</td>
<td>Sausage, Emulsion type</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Greece</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Samelis and Metaxopoulos, 1999</td>
<td>Turkey breast, smoked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Greece</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-48"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-48"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Soriano <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Beef, ready-to-eat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Soriano <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Chicken, ready-to-eat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Soriano <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Pork, ready-to-eat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Uyttendaele <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Ham, cooked sliced</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Belgium</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>879</td>
<td>817</td>
<td>54</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>33824</td>
<td>33179</td>
<td>542</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>20</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td>12</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Pâté and Meat Spreads Food Category:
Contamination Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-18"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-20">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-49"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-49"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Anderson and Nørrung, 1995</td>
<td>Pâté</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>341</td>
<td>333</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dominguez <em>et al</em>., 2001</td>
<td>Pâté</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>182</td>
<td>172</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Gomez-Campillo</p>
<p><em>et al</em>., 1999</p></td>
<td>Pâté</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lahellec <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>Pâté</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>96</td>
<td>14</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Levine, 2000</td>
<td>Meat spreads</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>264</td>
<td>254</td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Levine, 2000</td>
<td>Pâté</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>249</td>
<td>244</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Levine, 2001</td>
<td>Meat spreads</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>105</td>
<td>103</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Levine, 2001</td>
<td>Pâté</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>103</td>
<td>103</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>McLauchlin and Gilbert, 1990</td>
<td>Pâté</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>696</td>
<td>580</td>
<td>99</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>17</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Morris and Ribeiro, 1989</td>
<td>Pâté</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>18</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Morris and Ribeiro,</p>
<p>1991</p></td>
<td>Pâté</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>216</td>
<td>141</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>42</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nichols <em>et al</em>., 1998</td>
<td>Pâté, fish &amp; seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>122</td>
<td>113</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nichols <em>et al</em>., 1998</td>
<td>Pâté, meat-based</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1804</td>
<td>1767</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>29</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nichols <em>et al</em>., 1998</td>
<td>Pâté, poultry-based</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>528</td>
<td>511</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nichols <em>et al.</em>, 1998</td>
<td>Pâté, undefined</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>380</td>
<td>369</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Ham spread</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Pâté, salmon</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Pâté, shrimp</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Pâté, tuna</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-50"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-50"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Country</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Uyttendaele <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td><p>Aspic mince,</p>
<p>prepacked,</p>
<p>cooked</p></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Belgium</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Uyttendaele <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Aspic mince, unprepackaged &amp; cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Belgium</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>67</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Uyttendaele <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Pâté mince, prepacked &amp; cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Belgium</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>217</td>
<td>211</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Uyttendaele <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Pâté mince, unprepackaged &amp; cooked</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Belgium</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>130</td>
<td>123</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>5665</td>
<td>5295</td>
<td>161</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
<td>55</td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td>17</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6"><strong>Deli-type Salad Food Category: Contamination
Data</strong></td>
<td colspan="27"><h2 id="section-19"></h2>
<h2 id="number-of-samples-values-in-cfug-units-21">Number of Samples
(values in cfu/g units)</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-51"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-51"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h3 id="country-30"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Buchanan <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td>Salad, seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartemink and Georgsson 1991</td>
<td>Salads, seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Iceland</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>P/R</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 2000a.</td>
<td>Delicatessen salads, other</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>485</td>
<td>479</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 2001</td>
<td>Delicatessen salads, other</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hartung, 2001</td>
<td>Delicatessen salads, other</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>389</td>
<td>374</td>
<td>E<sup>4</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>15</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hartung, 1999</td>
<td>Delicatessen salads, unspecified</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>354</td>
<td>351</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Levine, 2000</td>
<td>Various meat &amp; poultry salads</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>1645</td>
<td>1594</td>
<td>51</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Levine, 2001</td>
<td>Salads, deli</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>P</td>
<td>630</td>
<td>623</td>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lin et al., 1996</td>
<td>Salads(2 egg, 2 cheese, 1dressing)</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td>Salads, deli</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA-CA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4256</td>
<td>4157</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>14</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td>Salad, seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA-CA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1248</td>
<td>1221</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td>Salads, deli</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA-MD</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>4293</td>
<td>4190</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>14</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>NFPA, 2002</td>
<td>Salad, seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA-MD</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>1313</td>
<td>1225</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>18</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ng and Seah, 1995</td>
<td>Cole slaw/vegetable salad</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-52"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-52"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h3 id="country-31"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ng and Seah, 1995</td>
<td>Fish, tuna salad</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Antipasto</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, broccoli &amp; cheese</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Caesar salad</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Chef salad</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, chicken</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>222</td>
<td>218</td>
<td>4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Cole slaw</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>161</td>
<td>159</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, crab</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Creamy Fruit</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, egg</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, Greek</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, ham</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, macaroni with cheese</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>194</td>
<td>193</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-53"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-53"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h3 id="country-32"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, meat</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, pasta</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>115</td>
<td>115</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, pea</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, potato</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>302</td>
<td>302</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, salmon</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, seafood</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>211</td>
<td>211</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, shrimp</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, tortellini</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, tuna</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon State Dept of Agriculture, 2001</td>
<td>Salad, turkey</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>USA</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ryu <em>et al.,</em> 1992</td>
<td>Salad, potato</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Japan</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Scoglio <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td>Fish marinate &amp; seafood salad</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla 1993</td>
<td>Salad, meat &amp; egg</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>252</td>
<td>241</td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Teufel and Bendzulla 1993</td>
<td>Deli, mayonnaise</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R?</td>
<td>360</td>
<td>333</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>24</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Uyttendaele <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Salad, chicken</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Belgium</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>152</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>41</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="reference-54"><em>Reference</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h1 id="food-54"><em>Food</em></h1></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Geographic Region</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><h3 id="country-33"><em>Country</em></h3></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>Pub. Date<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Sample</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Collection<sup>3</sup></strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><p><em><strong>Total # of</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong>Samples from the reference</strong></em></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥0.04</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;0.01-0.1</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2">&gt;0.1-1</td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;0.3</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>0.3-&lt;10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>&lt;10</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>≥10</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><em><strong>10-100</strong></em></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;20</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>20-100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;100</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>100-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><strong><em>1E2-</em> <em>1E4</em></strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;200</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>200-1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&lt;500</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1000</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E3-1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E4</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E4-1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E5</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>1E5-1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="2"><blockquote>
<p><em><strong>&gt;1E6</strong></em></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Uyttendaele <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Salad, fish &amp; shrimp</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Belgium</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>362</td>
<td>249</td>
<td>99</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>14</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Uyttendaele <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Salad, ham</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Belgium</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>159</td>
<td>121</td>
<td>33</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Uyttendaele <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td>Other salad (veg) with mayonnaise</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Belgium</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>201</td>
<td>186</td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>West and North Yorkshire Joint Working Group, 1991</td>
<td>Salad, egg/egg mayonnaise</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>101</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>West and North Yorkshire</p>
<p>Joint Working Group, 1991</p></td>
<td>Salad, fish</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>West and North Yorkshire</p>
<p>Joint Working Group, 1991</p></td>
<td>Salad, meat/egg</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>West and North Yorkshire</p>
<p>Joint Working Group, 1991</p></td>
<td>Salad, fruit/nut</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>UK</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>R</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>E</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="6">Total=</td>
<td>17915</td>
<td>17229</td>
<td>283</td>
<td>244</td>
<td>47</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>19</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>39</td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada,
Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries
were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the
product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group
1.

^2^ 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 =
time period 1999 to present.

^3^ R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/
manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.

^4^ E = samples ≥ 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated

## Appendix 8:

Growth of *Listeria monocytogenes* in Foods

**Appendix 8 Table 1: Growth Rate of *Listeria monocytogenes* in Food
Categories**

**Considered for this Risk Asse**ssment Growth Product -

+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| **Food          | **Food**   | **Li     |                 | *       |
| Category**      |            | terature |                 | *EGR^c^ |
|                 |            | Values** |                 | at 5    |
| **Reference**   |            |          |                 | °C**    |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | **Tempe  | **Growth Rate   | **(     |
|                 |            | rature** | ^a,b^**         | log~10~ |
|                 |            |          |                 | cfu     |
|                 |            |          |                 | /day)** |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| **[SEAFOOD      |            |          |                 |         |
| ]{.underline}** |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| **Smoked        |            |          |                 |         |
| Seafood**       |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Duffes *et      | c          | 4 °C     | 2.1 logs in 28  | 0.107   |
| al*., 1999      | old-smoked |          | days\           |         |
|                 | salmon     | 8 °C     | 5.4 logs in 21  | 0.116   |
|                 |            |          | days\           |         |
|                 |            | 4 °C     | 2.0 logs in 21  | 0.136   |
|                 |            |          | days            |         |
|                 |            | 8 °C     |                 | 0.149   |
|                 |            |          | 4.6 logs in 14  |         |
|                 |            |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Jemmi and       | hot-smoked | 4 °C     | 0.5 logs in 20  | 0.035   |
| Keusch, 1992    | trout      |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 8 to 10  | 6.5 logs in 20  | 0.120   |
|                 |            | °C       | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Hudson and      | c          | 5 °C     | 4 logs in 650   | 0.148   |
| Mott, 1993b     | old-smoked |          | hours           |         |
|                 | salmon     |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 10 °C    | 4 to 4.5 logs   | 0.249   |
|                 |            |          | in 125 hours    |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Szabo and       | smoked     | 4 °C     | 3.9 logs in 28  | 0.198   |
| Cahill, 1999    | salmon     |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 10 °C    | 2.7 to 4.3 logs | 0.119   |
|                 |            |          | in 9 days       |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Dillon and      | c          | 4 °C     | 2.8 logs in 21  | 0.190   |
| Patel, 1993     | old-smoked |          | days            |         |
|                 | cod        |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Guyer and       | smoked     | 4 °C     | 1.0 to 1.5 logs | 0.177   |
| Jemmi, 1991     | salmon     |          | in 10 days      |         |
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
|                 | (26 to 30  |          |                 |         |
|                 | °C)        |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 10 °C    | 3 to 3.5 logs   | 0.099   |
|                 |            |          | in 10 days      |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Pelroy *et      | c          | 5 °C     | 2.5 to 5 logs   | 0.092   |
| al*., 1994b     | old-smoked |          | in 40 days      |         |
|                 | salmon     |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 5 °C     | 2 logs in 40    | 0.050   |
|                 |            |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 10 °C    | 4.5 to 7 logs   | 0.249   |
|                 |            |          | in 10 days      |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 10 °C    | 5 logs in 11    | 0.139   |
|                 |            |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Pelroy *et      | c          | 5 °C     | 4 logs in 50    | 0.080   |
| al*., 1994a     | old-smoked |          | days            |         |
|                 | salmon     |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 10 °C    | 4.5 logs in 15  | 0.092   |
|                 |            |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Peterson *et    | c          | 5 °C     | 3 logs in 20    | 0.150   |
| al*., 1993      | old-smoked |          | days            |         |
|                 | salmon     |          |                 |         |
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
|                 | smoked     |          |                 |         |
|                 | salmon     |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 5 °C     | 2.5 logs in 20  | 0.125   |
|                 |            |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 10 °C    | 4 logs in 7     | 0.175   |
|                 |            |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 10 °C    | 3.7 logs in 7   | 0.162   |
|                 |            |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 10 °C    | 6 logs in 20    | 0.092   |
|                 |            |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Rosso *et al*., |            | 4 °C     | 1 log in 10     | 0.142   |
| 1996            |            |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            | 8 °C     | 3 logs in 14    | 0.097   |
|                 |            |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Nilsson *et     | c          | 5 °C     | 5 logs in 9     | 0.556   |
| al*., 1997      | old-smoked |          | days            |         |
|                 | salmon     |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| **Raw Seafood** |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Fernandes *et   | fresh      | 4 °C     | 1 logs in 15    | 0.100   |
| al*., 1998      | trout      |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 | catfish    | 4 °C     | 2 logs in 15    | 0.185   |
|                 |            |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Lovett *et      | raw        | 7 °C     | GT in 12 hours  | 0.342   |
| al*., 1990      | shrimp,    |          |                 |         |
|                 | crab,      |          |                 |         |
|                 | surimi and |          |                 |         |
|                 | whitefish  |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Kaysner *et     | raw        | 4 °C     | No growth in 21 | 0.000   |
| al*., 1990      | oysters    |          | days            |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Leung *et al*., | catfish    | 4 °C     | 1-1.5 logs in   | 0.133   |
| 1992            |            |          | 12 days         |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| Shineman and    | raw shrimp | ice      | No growth       | ---     |
| Harrison, 1994  | and fin    | chest    |                 |         |
|                 | fish       |          | \[1 log         |         |
|                 |            |          | decrease in 21  |         |
|                 |            |          | days\]          |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+
| ^a^logs =       |            |          |                 |         |
| Log~10~ cfu/g   |            |          |                 |         |
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
| ^b^GT =         |            |          |                 |         |
| Generation Time |            |          |                 |         |
|                 |            |          |                 |         |
| ^c^EGR =        |            |          |                 |         |
| Exponential     |            |          |                 |         |
| Growth Rate     |            |          |                 |         |
+-----------------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+

+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| **Food          | **Food**    | **Lite |                  | *       |
| Category**      |             | rature |                  | *EGR^c^ |
|                 |             | Va     |                  | at 5    |
| **Reference**   |             | lues** |                  | °C**    |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             | **T    | **Growth Rate    | **(     |
|                 |             | empera | ^a,b^**          | log~10~ |
|                 |             | ture** |                  | cfu     |
|                 |             |        |                  | /day)** |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| **Raw Seafood   |             |        |                  |         |
| (Cont'd)**      |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Harrison *et    | raw shrimp  | ice    | No growth        | ---     |
| al*., 1991      | and fin     | chest  |                  |         |
|                 | fish        |        | \[0.5 log        |         |
|                 |             |        | decrease in 14   |         |
|                 |             |        | days\]           |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| **Preserved     |             |        |                  |         |
| Fish**          |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| No data         |             |        | No growth        | 0.000   |
| available       |             |        |                  |         |
|                 |             |        |                  | used in |
|                 |             |        |                  | risk    |
|                 |             |        |                  | ass     |
|                 |             |        |                  | essment |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| **Cooked        |             |        |                  |         |
| Ready-to-Eat    |             |        |                  |         |
| Crustaceans**   |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Rawles *et      | pasteurized | 5 °C   | GT in 21.8 hours | 0.343   |
| al*., 1995      | crab        |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Farber, 1991b   | cooked      | 4 °C   | 2-3 logs in 7    | 0.508   |
|                 | lobster,    |        | days             |         |
|                 | shrimp,     |        |                  |         |
|                 | crab and    |        |                  |         |
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
|                 | smoked fish |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Buchanan and    | pasteurized | 5 °C   | 3 logs in 10     | 0.300   |
| Klawitter, 1992 | crabmeat    |        | days             |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| **[PRODUCE      |             |        |                  |         |
| ]{.underline}** |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| **Vegetables**  |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Steinbrugge *et | lettuce,    | 5 °C   | 0.00 to 0.3 logs | 0.043   |
| al*., 1988      | whole,      |        | in 7 days        |         |
|                 | ready to    | 12 °C  |                  | 0.004   |
|                 | serve       |        | 0.00 to 2.03     |         |
|                 |             |        | logs in 7 days   |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 | lettuce,    | 25 °C  | 0.00 to 0.31     | 0.002   |
|                 | whole,      |        | logs in 7 days   |         |
|                 | ready to    |        |                  |         |
|                 | serve,      |        |                  |         |
|                 | sealed      |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 | lettuce,    | 25 °C  | 0.00 to 0.35     | 0.002   |
|                 | whole,      |        | logs in 7 days   |         |
|                 | ready to    |        |                  |         |
|                 | serve, open |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Beuchat and     | lettuce,    | 5 °C   | 0.00 to 0.1 logs | 0.007   |
| Brackett,       | shredded    |        | in 15 days       |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| 1990b           | lettuce,    | 10 °C  | 1.5-2.0 logs in  | 0.204   |
|                 | shredded    |        | 3 days           |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 | lettuce,    | 10 °C  | 1.0 logs in 15   | 0.067   |
|                 | whole       |        | days             |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Nguyen and      | lettuce,    | 10 °C  | 1.5 logs in 7    | 0.065   |
| Carlin, 1994    | butterhead  |        | days             |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Nguyen and      | lettuce,    | 10 °C  | 1.0 logs         | -0.044  |
| Carlin, 1994    | lamb\'s     |        | decrease in 7    |         |
|                 |             |        | days             |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Francis and     | lettuce     | 8 °C   | 1.5 logs in 7    | 0.097   |
| O\'Beirne, 2001 |             |        | days             |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Carlin *et      | endive,     | 10 °C  | 1.0 logs in 7    | 0.044   |
| al*., 1996      | broad       |        | days             |         |
|                 | leaved      |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Nguyen and      | endive,     | 10 °C  | 1.5 logs in 7    | 0.065   |
| Carlin, 1994    | broad       |        | days             |         |
|                 | leaved      |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Nguyen and      | endive,     | 10 °C  | 0.5 logs in 7    | 0.022   |
| Carlin, 1994    | c           |        | days             |         |
|                 | urly-leaved |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| Beuchat and     | tomatoes    | 10 °C  | no growth (death | 0.00    |
| Brackett, 1991  |             |        | in chopped       |         |
|                 |             |        | tomatoes)        |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             | 21 °C  | Growth           | ---     |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+
| ^a^Logs =       |             |        |                  |         |
| Log~10~ cfu/g   |             |        |                  |         |
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
| ^b^GT =         |             |        |                  |         |
| Generation Time |             |        |                  |         |
|                 |             |        |                  |         |
| ^c^EGR =        |             |        |                  |         |
| Exponential     |             |        |                  |         |
| Growth Rate     |             |        |                  |         |
+-----------------+-------------+--------+------------------+---------+

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 27%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 24%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><h4 id="food-category">Food Category</h4>
<p><strong>Reference</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="2"><strong>Food</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Literature Values</strong></td>
<td><strong>EGR<sup>c</sup> at 5 °C</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Temperature</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Growth Rate <sup>a,b</sup></strong></td>
<td><strong>(log<sub>10</sub> cfu/day)</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Vegetables (Cont’d)</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Castillego Rodriguez <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td colspan="3">Asparagus</td>
<td colspan="2"><p>4 °C</p>
<p>8 °C</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>0.0087 log decrease per hour</p>
<p>0.038 logs per hour</p></td>
<td><p>-0.09</p>
<p>0.413</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Beuchat and Brackett, 1990a</td>
<td colspan="3">carrots, whole and shredded</td>
<td colspan="2">5 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">no growth up to 7 days</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2">15 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">no growth up to 7 days</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Beuchat <em>et al</em>., 1986</td>
<td colspan="3">cabbage, raw, shreds</td>
<td colspan="2">5 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">4 logs in 10 days</td>
<td>0.400</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Berrang <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td colspan="3">Broccoli</td>
<td colspan="2">4 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">0.25 to 0.5 logs in 14 to 21 days</td>
<td>0.059</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2">15 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">3.0 logs in 4 days</td>
<td>0.109</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Berrang <em>et al</em>., 1989</td>
<td colspan="3">Cauliflower</td>
<td colspan="2">4 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">≤ 0.25 logs in 14 to 21 days</td>
<td>0.020</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2">15 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">3.0 logs in 4 days</td>
<td>0.109</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Francis and O'Beirne, 2001</td>
<td colspan="3">Rutabaga</td>
<td colspan="2">8 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">1.75 logs in 12 days</td>
<td>0.066</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Francis and O'Beirne, 2001</td>
<td colspan="3">Bean sprout</td>
<td colspan="2">8 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">1.75 logs in 8 days</td>
<td>0.099</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Sizmur and Walker, 1988</td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="2">salads, mixed , prepacked including
fruits/nuts</td>
<td colspan="2">4 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">0.30 logs in 4 days</td>
<td>0.106</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Fruits</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Parish and Higgins, 1989</td>
<td colspan="3">orange, serum (juice)</td>
<td colspan="2">4 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">1.0 logs in 35 days (pH 5.0)</td>
<td>0.041</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Conway <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td colspan="3">Apple slices (fresh cut)</td>
<td colspan="2"><p>5 °C</p>
<p>10 °C</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>0 logs in 6 days</p>
<p>2 logs in 6 days</p></td>
<td><p>0</p>
<p>0.102 (air)</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Conway <em>et al</em>., 2000</td>
<td colspan="3">Apple slices (fresh cut)</td>
<td colspan="2"><p>5 °C</p>
<p>10 °C</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>0 logs in 4 days</p>
<p>2.8 logs in 10 days</p></td>
<td><p>0</p>
<p>0.086</p>
<p>(0.5% O, 15% CO<sub>2</sub>)</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong><u>DAIRY PRODUCTS</u></strong></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Fresh Soft Cheese</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Glass <em>et al</em>., 1995</td>
<td colspan="3">Queso blanco</td>
<td colspan="2">4 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">1.4 logs in 14 days</td>
<td>0.142</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Mendoza-Yepes <em>et al</em>., 1999</td>
<td colspan="3">Queso fresco</td>
<td colspan="2"><p>3 °C</p>
<p>7 °C</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>0.13 log in 1 day</p>
<p>0.5 log in 1 day</p></td>
<td><p>0.284</p>
<p>0.285</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Genigeorgis <em>et al</em>., 1991</td>
<td colspan="3"><p>Queso fresco,</p>
<p>Queso Ranchero</p>
<p>Queso Panella</p></td>
<td colspan="2">4 °C</td>
<td colspan="2"><p>-2.0 logs in 30 days</p>
<p>-0.8 logs in 10 days</p>
<p>0.3 logs in 30 days</p>
<p>0.3 logs in 18 days</p>
<p>2.127 logs in 10 days</p>
<p>0.21 logs in 30 days</p>
<p>0.44 logs in 36 days</p></td>
<td><p>-0.067</p>
<p>-0.080</p>
<p>0.010</p>
<p>0.017</p>
<p>0.212</p>
<p>0.007</p>
<p>0.012</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><h4 id="food-category-1">Food Category</h4>
<p><strong>Reference</strong></p></td>
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Food</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Literature Values</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>EGR<sup>c</sup> at 5 °C</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Temperature</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Growth Rate <sup>a,b</sup></strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>(log<sub>10</sub> cfu/day)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Soft Unripened Cheese</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Genigeorgis <em>et al</em>., 1991</td>
<td>cottage cheese</td>
<td colspan="2">8 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">0.59 logs in 18 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.015</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td>(multiple brands)</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">1.87 decrease in 36 days</td>
<td colspan="3">-0.024</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">0.42 logs in 24 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.007</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">1.13 logs in 8 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.064</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">1.87 decrease in 8 days</td>
<td colspan="3">-0.106</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">4 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">0.39 logs in 24 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.023</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">0.34 logs in 24 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.020</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">0.41 logs in 16 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.036</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">0.94 logs in 36 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.037</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">1.87 logs decrease in 8 days</td>
<td colspan="3">-0.333</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td>teleme cheese</td>
<td colspan="2">8 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">2.2 logs in 36 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.028</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">4 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">0.42 logs decrease in 36 days</td>
<td colspan="3">-0.017</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td>ricotta</td>
<td colspan="2">8 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">2.11 logs in 8 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.120</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td>(3 company brands)</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">1.75 logs in 6 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.132</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">1.88 logs in 8 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.106</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">4 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">1.53 logs in 30 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.072</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">3.58 logs in 36 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.141</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">1.97 logs in 22 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.127</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td>cream cheese</td>
<td colspan="2">8 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">2.0 logs decrease in 30 days</td>
<td colspan="3">-0.030</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">4 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">2.0 logs decrease in 36 days</td>
<td colspan="3">-0.079</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">&gt;2.0 logs decrease in 36 days</td>
<td colspan="3">-0.056</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Cottin <em>et al</em>., 1990</td>
<td>cream cheese</td>
<td colspan="2">4 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">2 logs in 2 days</td>
<td colspan="3">1.423</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Papageorgiou <em>et al</em>., 1996</td>
<td>ricotta (whey cheese)</td>
<td colspan="2"><p>5 °C</p>
<p>12 °C</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>16.2 – 20.2 hr in GT</p>
<p>5.1 – 5.8 hr in GT</p></td>
<td colspan="3"><p>0.397</p>
<p>0.292</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Chen and Hotchkiss, 1993</td>
<td>cottage cheese</td>
<td colspan="2">4 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">2.0 logs in 40 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.071</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">7 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">2.4 logs in 10 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.137</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Fedio <em>et al.</em>, 1994</td>
<td>cottage cheese</td>
<td colspan="2">5 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">2 logs in 22 days</td>
<td colspan="3">0.091</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">El-Shenawy and Marth, 1990</td>
<td>cottage cheese</td>
<td colspan="2">refrigerated</td>
<td colspan="2">0.5 to 1.5 logs decrease in 1 to 5 weeks</td>
<td colspan="3">-0.048</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">6 °C</td>
<td colspan="2">assume 1 log in 21 days</td>
<td colspan="3">-0.035</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| ###               | **Food**  | **Lite |   |                |   | **EGR^c^  |
| # Food Category { |           | rature |   |                |   | at 5 °C** |
| #food-category-2} |           | Va     |   |                |   |           |
|                   |           | lues** |   |                |   |           |
| **Reference**     |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           | **T    |   | **Growth Rate  |   | *         |
|                   |           | empera |   | ^a,b^**        |   | *(log~10~ |
|                   |           | ture** |   |                |   | c         |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   | fu/day)** |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| **Soft Ripened    |           |        |   |                |   |           |
| Cheese**          |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Papageorgiou and  | Feta      | 4 °C   |   | survival \> 90 |   | 0         |
| Marth, 1989b      |           |        |   | days           |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   | -0.034    |
|                   |           |        |   | \[Scott A 1.28 |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | logs decrease, |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | 3.07 logs in   |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | 90 days\]      |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Stecchini *et     | m         | 5 °C   |   | 4 logs in 21   |   | 0.190     |
| al*., 1995        | ozzarella |        |   | days           |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Genigeorgis *et   | Brie      | 4 °C   |   | 0.6 logs in 30 |   | 0.020     |
| al*., 1991        |           |        |   | days           |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   | 0.043     |
|                   |           |        |   | 0.6 logs in 14 |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | days           |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   | Feta      | 4 °C   |   | \>2.0 logs     |   | -0.250    |
|                   |           |        |   | decrease in 8  |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | day            |   | -0.250    |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | \>2.0 logs     |   | -0.250    |
|                   |           |        |   | decrease in 8  |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | days           |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | \>2.0 logs     |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | decrease in 8  |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | days           |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Ryser and Marth,  | Camembert | 6 °C   |   | 4 logs in 45   |   | 0.066     |
| 1987b             |           | ri     |   | days           |   |           |
|                   |           | pening |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Farber *et al*.,  | Camembert | 4 °C   |   | 2 to 3 longs   |   | -0.007    |
| 1987              |           |        |   | decrease in    |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | 365 days       |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Back *et al*.,    | Camembert | 3°C    |   | 0.9 logs in 10 |   | 0.197     |
| 1993              |           |        |   | days           |   |           |
|                   |           | 6°C    |   |                |   | 0.074     |
|                   |           |        |   | 1.5 logs in 15 |   |           |
|                   |           | 10C    |   | days           |   | 0.049     |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | 2.4 logs in 15 |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | days           |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Papageorgiou and  | Blue      | 5°C    |   | Decreased      |   | -0.054    |
| Marth, 1989a      | cheese    |        |   | during         |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | storage,       |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | 3 logs in 56   |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | days           |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Sulzer and Busse, | Camembert | 14 °C  |   | 4.5 logs in 34 |   | 0.022     |
| 1993              |           |        |   | days           |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   | Camembert | 7 °C   |   | ---            |   | ---       |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
|                   | (surface  | 4 °C   |   | ---            |   | ---       |
|                   | growth)   |        |   |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   | \[Not     |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   | used in   |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   | risk      |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   | ass       |
|                   |           |        |   |                |   | essment\] |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Genigeorgis *et   | Blue      | 4 °C   |   | \>2.0 logs     |   | -0.056    |
| al*., 1991        |           |        |   | decrease in 36 |   |           |
|                   |           |        |   | days           |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Genigeorgis *et   | Camembert | 4 °C   |   | 0.64 logs in   |   | 0.018     |
| al*., 1991        |           |        |   | 36 days        |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| **Semi-Soft       |           |        |   |                |   |           |
| Cheese**          |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Ryser and Marth,  | Brick     | 10 °C  | 1 |                | - |           |
| 1989a             | (surface  |        | t |                | 0 |           |
|                   | ripened)  |        | o |                | . |           |
|                   |           |        | 7 |                | 0 |           |
|                   |           |        | - |                | 4 |           |
|                   |           |        | f |                | 3 |           |
|                   |           |        | o |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | l |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | d |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | d |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | c |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | r |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | a |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | s |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | i |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | n |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 2 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 0 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | w |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | k |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | s |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Ryser and Marth,  | tilsiter, | 10 °C  | \ |                | 0 |           |
| 1989a             | trappist, |        | < |                | . |           |
|                   | havarti,  |        | 1 |                | 0 |           |
|                   | limburger |        | l |                | 1 |           |
|                   |           |        | o |                | 5 |           |
|                   |           |        | g |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | s |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | i |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | n |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 2 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 0 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | w |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | k |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Kovincic *et      | Trappist  | 10 °C  | I |                | - |           |
| al*., 1991        |           |        | n |                | 0 |           |
|                   |           |        | i |                | . |           |
|                   |           |        | t |                | 0 |           |
|                   |           |        | i |                | 1 |           |
|                   |           |        | a |                | 1 |           |
|                   |           |        | l |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 1 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | l |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | o |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | g |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | d |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | u |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | r |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | i |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | n |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | g |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | r |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | i |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | p |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | n |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | i |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | n |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | g |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | , |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | s |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | t |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | a |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | b |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | l |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 3 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 0 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | d |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | a |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | y |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | s |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | , |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 1 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | l |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | o |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | g |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | d |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | c |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | r |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | a |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | s |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | f |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | o |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | r |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 9 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 0 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | d |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | a |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | y |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | s |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
|                   |           |        |   |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Bachmann and      | emm       | ---    | n |                | - |           |
| Spahr, 1995       | enthaler, |        | o |                | - |           |
|                   | tilster   |        | s |                | - |           |
|                   |           |        | u |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | r |                | \ |           |
|                   |           |        | v |                | [ |           |
|                   |           |        | i |                | n |           |
|                   |           |        | v |                | o |           |
|                   |           |        | a |                | t |           |
|                   |           |        | l |                | u |           |
|                   |           |        | a |                | s |           |
|                   |           |        | f |                | e |           |
|                   |           |        | t |                | d |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                | i |           |
|                   |           |        | r |                | n |           |
|                   |           |        | 2 |                | r |           |
|                   |           |        | 4 |                | i |           |
|                   |           |        | h |                | s |           |
|                   |           |        | o |                | k |           |
|                   |           |        | u |                | a |           |
|                   |           |        | r |                | s |           |
|                   |           |        | s |                | s |           |
|                   |           |        | ( |                | e |           |
|                   |           |        | i |                | s |           |
|                   |           |        | n |                | s |           |
|                   |           |        | i |                | m |           |
|                   |           |        | t |                | e |           |
|                   |           |        | i |                | n |           |
|                   |           |        | a |                | t |           |
|                   |           |        | l |                | \ |           |
|                   |           |        | l |                | ] |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | v |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | l |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | w |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | a |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | s |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 1 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 0 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | ^ |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 4 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | ^ |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | c |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | f |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | u |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | / |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | g |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | ) |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+
| Northolt *et      | gouda     | ---    | S |                | 0 |           |
| al*., 1988        |           |        | u |                | . |           |
|                   |           |        | r |                | 0 |           |
|                   |           |        | v |                | 0 |           |
|                   |           |        | i |                | 0 |           |
|                   |           |        | v |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | a |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | l |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | 6 |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | w |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | e |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | k |                |   |           |
|                   |           |        | s |                |   |           |
+-------------------+-----------+--------+---+----------------+---+-----------+

+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| #            | *       | **    |                   | **EGR^c^ at 5  |
| ### Food Cat | *Food** | Liter |                   | °C**           |
| egory {#food |         | ature |                   |                |
| -category-3} |         | Val   |                   |                |
|              |         | ues** |                   |                |
| *            |         |       |                   |                |
| *Reference** |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         | **Tem | **Growth Rate     | **(log~10~     |
|              |         | perat | ^a,b^**           | cfu/day)**     |
|              |         | ure** |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| **Semi-Soft  |         |       |                   |                |
| Cheese       |         |       |                   |                |
| con\'t**     |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Genigeorgis  | M       | 4 °C  | \>2.1 logs        | -0.070         |
| *et al*.,    | onterey |       | decrease in 30    |                |
| 1991         | Jack    |       | days              | -0.070         |
|              |         |       |                   |                |
|              |         |       | \> 2.1 logs       |                |
|              |         |       | decrease in 30    |                |
|              |         |       | days              |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Genigeorgis  | Li      | 4 °C  | 2.26 logs         | -0.064         |
| *et al*.,    | mburger |       | decrease in 36    |                |
| 1991         |         |       | days              |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Genigeorgis  | Pr      | 4 °C  | 2.36 logs         | -0.066         |
| *et al*.,    | ovolone |       | decrease in 36    |                |
| 1991         |         |       | days              |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Genigeorgis  | String  | 4 °C  | 2.29 logs         | -0.064         |
| *et al*.,    | cheese  |       | decrease in 36    |                |
| 1991         |         |       | days              |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Genigeorgis  | M       | 4 °C  | 2.0 logs decrease | -0.056         |
| *et al*.,    | uenster |       | in 36 days        |                |
| 1991         |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| **Hard       |         |       |                   |                |
| Cheese**     |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Whitley *et  | Stilton | 4 °C  | 0.7 log in 6      | 0.0285         |
| al*., 2000   | cheese  |       | weeks             |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         | (2 to |                   |                |
|              |         | 8.3°C |                   |                |
|              |         | repo  |                   |                |
|              |         | rted) |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Yousef and   | colby   | 4 °C  | 1.5 logs decrease | -0.053         |
| Marth, 1988  |         |       | in 100 days       |                |
|              |         |       | (after 40 days)   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Ryser and    | cheddar | 13 °C | 2 logs decrease   | -0.003         |
| Marth, 1987a |         |       | in 75 to 150 days |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Buazzi *et   | swiss   | 7 °C  | 4 logs decrease   | -0.228         |
| al*., 1992   |         |       | in 10 days        |                |
|              |         |       | (complete         |                |
|              |         |       | inactivation      |                |
|              |         |       | 66-80 days        |                |
|              |         |       | ripening at 24    |                |
|              |         |       | °C)               |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Yousef and   | p       | ---   | 2.0 logs decrease | -0.048         |
| Marth, 1990  | armesan |       | in 40 days        |                |
|              |         |       |                   | -0.025         |
|              |         |       | 2.0 logs decrease |                |
|              |         |       | in 80 days        |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Genigeorgis  | swiss   | 4 °C  | \>2.1 logs        | -0.058         |
| *et al*.,    |         |       | decrease in 36    |                |
| 1991         |         |       | days              |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Kaufmann,    | emmen   | ---   | no survival after | ---            |
| 1990         | thaler, |       | 24 hours (initial |                |
|              | gruyere |       | level was 10^4^   | \[not used in  |
|              |         |       | cfu/g)            | risk           |
|              |         |       |                   | assessment\]   |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Genigeorgis  | C       | 4 °C  | 1.17 logs         | -0.049         |
| *et al*.,    | heddar, |       | decrease in 34    |                |
| 1991         | cracker |       | days              |                |
|              | barrel  |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              | C       | 4 °C  | \>2.1 logs        | -0.070         |
|              | heddar, |       | decrease in 30    |                |
|              | mild    | 4 °C  | days              | -0.058         |
|              |         |       |                   |                |
|              | C       |       | \>2.1 logs        |                |
|              | heddar, |       | decrease in 36    |                |
|              | sharp   |       | days              |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              | Colby   | 4 °C  | 0.81 logs         | -0.022         |
|              |         |       | decrease in 36    |                |
|              |         |       | days              |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| **Processed  |         |       |                   |                |
| Cheese**     |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Genigeorgis  | A       | 4 °C  | 0.18 logs         | -0.005         |
| *et al*.,    | merican |       | decrease in 36    |                |
| 1991         | process | 4 °C  | days              | -0.051         |
|              | cheese  |       |                   |                |
|              |         |       | 1.84 logs         |                |
|              | A       |       | decrease in 36    |                |
|              | merican |       | days              |                |
|              | process |       |                   |                |
|              | cheese  |       |                   |                |
|              | with    |       |                   |                |
|              | sorbate |       |                   |                |
|              | and     |       |                   |                |
|              | citrate |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              | P       | 4 °C  | 1.62 logs         | -0.045         |
|              | iedmont |       | decrease in 36    |                |
|              | process |       | days              |                |
|              | cheese  |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Glass et     | Past    |       | 0.6 logs decrease | -0.15          |
| al., 1998    | eurized |       | during 96 hours   |                |
|              | process |       |                   |                |
|              | cheese  |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Ryser and    | Cold    | 3°C   | 0.5 logs decrease | -0.004         |
| Marth, 1989b | pack    |       | in 110 days       |                |
|              | cheese  | 3°C   |                   | -0.017         |
|              |         |       | 1.0 logs decrease |                |
|              | N       |       | in 60 days        |                |
|              | on-acid |       |                   |                |
|              |         |       |                   |                |
|              | Ac      |       |                   |                |
|              | idified |       |                   |                |
|              | or      |       |                   |                |
|              | preser  |       |                   |                |
|              | vatives |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+

+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| #            | *       | **    |                   | **EGR^c^ at 5  |
| ### Food Cat | *Food** | Liter |                   | °C**           |
| egory {#food |         | ature |                   |                |
| -category-4} |         | Val   |                   |                |
|              |         | ues** |                   |                |
| *            |         |       |                   |                |
| *Reference** |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         | **Tem | **Growth Rate     | **(log~10~     |
|              |         | perat | ^a,b^**           | cfu/day)**     |
|              |         | ure** |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| **Fluid      |         |       |                   |                |
| Milk,        |         |       |                   |                |
| Pasteurized  |         |       |                   |                |
| and          |         |       |                   |                |
| Unp          |         |       |                   |                |
| asteurized** |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Northolt *et | unpast  | 5 °C  | GT 3.5 in days    | 0.085          |
| al*, 1988    | eurized |       |                   |                |
|              | milk    | 7 °C  | GT 1.0 in days    | 0.173          |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Northolt *et | past    | 4 °C  | 2 logs in 7 days  | 0.407          |
| al*, 1988    | eurized |       |                   |                |
|              | milk    |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Farber *et   | unpast  | 4 °C  | GT in 25.3 hours  | 0.404          |
| al*., 1990   | eurized |       |                   |                |
|              | fluid   | 10 °C | GT in 10.8 hours  | 0.204          |
|              | milk    |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         | 15 °C | GT in 7.4 hours   | 0.142          |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Rajkowski    | uht     | 12 °C | GT in 4.7 hours   | 0.337          |
| *et al*.,    | milk    |       |                   |                |
| 1994         |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Rosenow and  | skim,   | 4 °C  | 3.3 logs in 18    | 0.261          |
| Marth, 1987  | whole,  |       | days              |                |
|              | ch      | 8 °C  |                   | 0.227          |
|              | ocolate |       | 4 logs in 8 days  |                |
|              | milk    |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Rosso *et    | Skim,   | 4 °C  | 1.3 days          | 0.33           |
| al*., 1996   | whole,  |       | (generation time) |                |
|              |         | 8 °C  |                   | 0.252          |
|              | Ch      |       | 0.54 days         |                |
|              | ocolate |       | (generation time) |                |
|              | milk    |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| **Ice Cream  |         |       |                   |                |
| & Frozen     |         |       |                   |                |
| Dairy        |         |       |                   |                |
| Products**   |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Berrang *et  | ice     | -18   | 0 logs in 2       | 0.000          |
| al*., 1988   | cream   | to    | months            |                |
|              |         | -25   |                   |                |
|              |         | °C    |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Dean and     | soft    | -18   | 0 logs in 3       | 0.000          |
| Zottola,     | serve   | °C    | months            |                |
| 1996         |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Palumbo and  | Ice     | -18   | 0 logs in 14      | 0.000          |
| Williams,    | cream   | °C    | weeks             |                |
| 1991         |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| **Cultured   |         |       |                   |                |
| Dairy        |         |       |                   |                |
| Products**   |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Schaack and  | but     | 4 °C  | decrease,         | -0.02          |
| Marth, 1988  | termilk |       | survives 2.5-13   |                |
|              |         |       | wk                |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              | yogurt  | 4 °C  | decrease,         | -0.18          |
|              |         |       | survived 4-12     |                |
|              |         |       | days              |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       | (\~1 log decline  |                |
|              |         |       | detectable)       |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Choi *et     | yogurt  | 4 °C  | survives 21-24    | -0.12          |
| al*., 1988   |         |       | days, most drop   |                |
|              |         |       | in first 8-12     |                |
|              |         |       | days              |                |
|              |         |       |                   |                |
|              |         |       | (\~2 log decline  |                |
|              |         |       | detectable)       |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              | but     | 4 °C  | survives 18-26    | -0.12          |
|              | termilk |       | days              |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Siragusa and | yogurt  |       | high level        | -0.40          |
| Johnson,     |         |       | survived 9 days   |                |
| 1988b        |         |       |                   |                |
|              |         |       | \[2 logs drop in  |                |
|              |         |       | 3-6 days\]        |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| **M          |         |       |                   |                |
| iscellaneous |         |       |                   |                |
| Milk         |         |       |                   |                |
| Products**   |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Rosenow and  | cream   | 4 °C  | 3.3 logs in 18    | 0.261          |
| Marth, 1987  |         |       | days              |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         | 8 °C  | 4 logs in 8 days  | 0.227          |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Farrag *et   | sw      | 7 °C  | decrease 1.2 logs | -0.016         |
| al*., 1990   | eetened |       | in 42 days        |                |
|              | co      |       |                   |                |
|              | ndensed |       |                   |                |
|              | milk    |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              | eva     | 7 °C  | 4 logs in 14 days | 0.163          |
|              | porated |       |                   |                |
|              | milk    |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
| Olsen *et    | butter  | 4 to  | 1.9 logs in 49    | 0.039          |
| al*., 1988   |         | 6 °C  | days              |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         | 13 °C | 2.7 logs in 42    | 0.012          |
|              |         |       | days              |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+
|              |         |       |                   |                |
+--------------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+

+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| #### Food C   | **Food**   | **Lit   |              | **EGR^c^ at  |
| ategory {#foo |            | erature |              | 5 °C**       |
| d-category-5} |            | V       |              |              |
|               |            | alues** |              |              |
| **Reference** |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            | *       | **Growth     | **(log~10~   |
|               |            | *Temper | Rate ^a,b^** | cfu/day)**   |
|               |            | ature** |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| **F           |            |         |              |              |
| rankfurters** |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Glass and     | fr         | 4.4 °C  | 2.3 logs in  | 0.064        |
| Doyle, 1989   | ankfurters |         | 6 weeks      |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| McKellar *et  | fr         | 5 °C    | 3.5 logs in  | 0.168        |
| al*., 1994.   | ankfurters |         | 21 days      |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| McKellar *et  | poultry    | 5 °C    | 3.5 logs in  | 0.090        |
| al*., 1994.   | wieners    |         | 21 days      |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Wederquist    | turkey     | 4 °C    | 7.0 logs in  | 0.181        |
| *et al*.,     |            |         | 55 days      |              |
| 1994          |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Bedie et al., | Pork       | 4 °C    | 3.8 logs in  | 0.154        |
| 2001          | fr         |         | 35 days      |              |
|               | ankfurters |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| *             |            |         |              |              |
| *Dry/Semi-Dry |            |         |              |              |
| Fermented     |            |         |              |              |
| Sausages**    |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Glass and     | Summer     | 4.4 °C  | No change in | 0.000        |
| Doyle, 1989   | sausage    |         | 12 weeks     |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Hugas, 1995   | Fermented  | 12 to   | 1.25 logs    | -0.02        |
|               | sausage    | 14 °C   | decrease in  |              |
|               |            |         | 25 days      |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Farber *et    | Ge         | 4 °C    | A            | -0.036       |
| al*., 1993    | rman-style |         | pproximately |              |
|               |            |         | 1 log in 4   |              |
|               | American   |         | weeks        |              |
|               |            |         |              |              |
|               | Italian    |         |              |              |
|               | sausage    |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Nisson, 1998  | Norwegian  | 4 °C    | 1 log in 5.5 | -0.006       |
|               | fermented  |         | months       |              |
|               | dry        |         |              |              |
|               | sausage    |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| **Deli        |            |         |              |              |
| Meats**       |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Glass and     | bologna    | 4.4 °C  | 1 to 2 logs  | 0.131        |
| Doyle, 1989   |            |         | in 14 days   |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Grau and      | corned     | 4.8 °C  | 0.13         | 0.130        |
| Vanderline,   | beef       |         |              |              |
| 1992          |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Grau and      | vacuum     | 5 °C    | 0.30         | 0.300        |
| Vanderline,   | packed ham |         |              |              |
| 1992          |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Glass and     | cooked ham | 4.4 °C  | 2 to 3 logs  | 0.131        |
| Doyle, 1989   |            |         | in 28 days   |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Beumer *et    | cooked ham | 7 °C    | 6 logs in 35 | 0.098        |
| al*., 1996    |            |         | days         |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Bredholt *et  | Vacuum     | 8 °C    | 0.16 logs    | 0.0725       |
| al*., 1999    | packed     |         | per day      |              |
|               |            | 8 °C    |              | 0.091        |
|               | Cooked ham |         | 0.2 logs per |              |
|               |            |         | day          |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Nyati, 2000   | Cooked     | 4.5     | 19.5 days    | 0.438        |
|               | chicken    |         | (generation  |              |
|               |            | 4.5     | time)        | 0.392        |
|               | Beef       |         |              |              |
|               | sirloin    |         | 21.8 days    |              |
|               |            |         | (generation  |              |
|               |            |         | time)        |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            |         |              |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Grant *et     | roast beef | 5 °C    | 5 logs in 15 | 0.333        |
| al*., 1993    |            |         | days         |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|               |            | 10 °C   | 5 logs in 6  | 0.254        |
|               |            |         | days         |              |
+---------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------------+

+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| #### Fo         | * |          | **Lit   |              | **EGR^c^ at  |
| od Category {#f | * |          | erature |              | 5 °C**       |
| ood-category-6} | F |          | V       |              |              |
|                 | o |          | alues** |              |              |
| **Reference**   | o |          |         |              |              |
|                 | d |          |         |              |              |
|                 | * |          |         |              |              |
|                 | * |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          | *       | **Growth     | **(log~10~   |
|                 |   |          | *Temper | Rate ^a,b^** | cfu/day)**   |
|                 |   |          | ature** |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| **Deli Meats    |   |          |         |              |              |
| con\'t**        |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Glass and       |   | chicken, | 4.4 °C  | 4.15 logs in | 0.364        |
| Doyle, 1989     |   | sliced   |         | 14 days      |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   | vacuum   | 4.4 °C  | 5.90 logs in | 0.517        |
|                 |   | packed   |         | 14 days      |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Siragusa and    |   | chicken, | 4.0 °C  | 5.2 logs in  | 0.370        |
| Johnson, 1988a  |   | ho       |         | 20 days      |              |
|                 |   | mogenate |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Siragusa and    |   | chicken  | 5.0 °C  | 0.9 logs in  | 0.150        |
| Johnson, 1988a  |   | fillets, |         | 6 days       |              |
|                 |   | breaded  |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Glass and       |   | turkey,  | 4.4 °C  | 2.0 logs in  | 0.175        |
| Doyle, 1989     |   | sliced   |         | 14 days      |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          | 4.4 °C  | 3.11 logs in | 0.136        |
|                 |   |          |         | 28 days      |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          | 4.4 °C  | 3.08 logs in | 0.270        |
|                 |   |          |         | 14 days      |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Glass and       |   | turkey,  | 4.4 °C  | 3.83 logs in | 0.336        |
| Doyle, 1989     |   | sliced   |         | 14 days      |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   | vacuum   | 4.4 °C  | 5.09 logs in | 0.446        |
|                 |   | packed   |         | 14 days      |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Ingham and      |   | turkey   | 3 °C    | 0.09 logs in | 0.016        |
| Tautorus, 1991  |   | loaf,    |         | 12 days      |              |
|                 |   | cooked,  |         |              |              |
|                 |   | uncured, |         |              |              |
|                 |   | vacuum   |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Hudson and      |   | cooked   | 5 °C    | 11.9 hour GT | 0.607        |
| Mott, 1993a     |   | beef     |         |              | (aerobic)    |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          | 5 °C    | 8.7 hour GT  | 0.83         |
|                 |   |          |         |              | (vacuum-     |
|                 |   |          |         |              | packed)      |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| **Pâté and Meat |   |          |         |              |              |
| Spreads**       |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Farber *et      |   | pâté     | 5 °C    | 0.361 log in | 0.361        |
| al*., 1995      |   |          |         | 1 day        |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Hudson and      |   | pâté     | 4 °C    | 4 logs in    | 0.143        |
| Mott, 1993a     |   |          |         | 680 hours    |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| **[COMBINATION  |   |          |         |              |              |
| FOODS           |   |          |         |              |              |
| ]{.underline}** |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| **Deli-type     |   |          |         |              |              |
| Salads**        |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Eblen, 2002a    |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| \[Growth        |   | Crab     | 5 °C    | 1 log in 10  | 0.100        |
| permitting\]    |   | salad,   |         | days         |              |
|                 |   | store    |         |              |              |
|                 |   | prepared |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   | Shrimp   | 5 °C    | 2 logs in 14 | 0.143        |
|                 |   | salad,   |         | days         |              |
|                 |   | store    |         |              |              |
|                 |   | prepared |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| \- - - -        |   | \- - -   | \- -    | \- - - -     | \- - - - - - |
| - - - - - - - - |   |  - - - - | - - - - |  - - - - - - |              |
| -               |   |  - - - - | -       |  - - - - - - |              |
|                 |   | -        |         | -            |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| \[No growth     |   | Shrimp   | 5 °C    | No change    | 0.000        |
| permitting\]    |   | salad,   |         |              |              |
|                 |   | plant    |         | No change    | 0.000        |
|                 |   | prepared |         |              |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 3 log        | -0.167       |
|                 |   | Chicken  |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   | salad    |         | 18 days      |              |
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
|                 |   | Store    |         |              |              |
|                 |   | prepared |         |              |              |
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
|                 |   | Plant    |         |              |              |
|                 |   | prepared |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   | Potato   | 5 °C    | 2 log        | -0.154       |
|                 |   | salad    |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 13 days      | -0.333       |
|                 |   | Store    |         |              |              |
|                 |   | prepared |         | 3 log        |              |
|                 |   |          |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   | Plant    |         | 10 days      |              |
|                 |   | prepared |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   | Cole     | 5 °C    | 3 log        | -0.231       |
|                 |   | slaw     |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 13days       | -0.500       |
|                 |   | Store    |         |              |              |
|                 |   | prepared |         | 3 log        |              |
|                 |   |          |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   | Plant    |         | 6 days       |              |
|                 |   | prepared |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   | Egg      | 5 °C    | No change    | 0.000        |
|                 |   | salad    |         |              |              |
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
|                 |   | Store    |         |              |              |
|                 |   | prepared |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| #### Fo         | * |          | **Lit   |              | **EGR^c^ at  |
| od Category {#f | * |          | erature |              | 5 °C**       |
| ood-category-7} | F |          | V       |              |              |
|                 | o |          | alues** |              |              |
| **Reference**   | o |          |         |              |              |
|                 | d |          |         |              |              |
|                 | * |          |         |              |              |
|                 | * |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          | *       | **Growth     | **(log~10~   |
|                 |   |          | *Temper | Rate ^a,b^** | cfu/day)**   |
|                 |   |          | ature** |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| **Deli-type     |   |          |         |              |              |
| Salads con\'t** |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Eblen, 2002a    |   | Tuna     | 5 °C    | No change    | 0.000        |
|                 |   | salad    |         |              |              |
| \[No growth     |   |          |         |              |              |
| permitting\]    |   | Store    |         |              |              |
|                 |   | prepared |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   | Ham      | 5 °C    | 3 log        | -0.231       |
|                 |   | salad    |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 13 days      |              |
|                 |   | Store    |         |              |              |
|                 |   | prepared |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   | I        | 5 °C    | 3 log        | -0.158       |
|                 |   | mitation |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   | crab     |         | 19 days      |              |
|                 |   | salad,   |         |              |              |
|                 |   | store    |         |              |              |
|                 |   | prepared |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
| Johnson, 1993   |   | Chicken  | 4 °C    | 1 log        | -0.050       |
|                 |   | salad    |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 20 days      | -0.143       |
|                 |   | High pH  |         |              |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 1 log        |              |
|                 |   | Low pH   |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 7 days       |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   | Potato   |         | 1 log        | -0.050       |
|                 |   | salad    |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 20 days      | -0.250       |
|                 |   | High pH  |         |              |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 1 log        |              |
|                 |   | Low pH   |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 4 days       |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   | Pasta    |         | 1 log        | -0.111       |
|                 |   | salad    |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 9 days       | -0.250       |
|                 |   | High pH  |         |              |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 1 log        |              |
|                 |   | Low pH   |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 6days        |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   | Seafood  |         | 1 log        | -0.043       |
|                 |   | salad    |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 23 days      | -0.043       |
|                 |   | High pH  |         |              |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 1 log        |              |
|                 |   | Low pH   |         | decrease in  |              |
|                 |   |          |         | 23 days      |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+
|                 |   |          |         |              |              |
+-----------------+---+----------+---------+--------------+--------------+

##  {#section-20}

##  {#section-21}

##  {#section-22}

##  {#section-23}

##  {#section-24}

##  {#section-25}

##  {#section-26}

##  {#section-27}

##  {#section-28}

##  {#section-29}

##  {#section-30}

##  {#section-31}

##  {#section-32}

##  {#section-33}

## Appendix 9:

**Using Outbreak Investigations in Quantitative Risk Assessment**

**Appendix 9: Using Outbreak Investigations in Quantitative Risk
Assessment**

The dose-response model developed for the revised FDA/FSIS risk
assessment can be used to make predictions about the public health
impact of *L. monocytogenes* isolated from a food source. For example,
in the best case, a clinical isolate may be traced to the source food.
If the source of the food is known or suspected, the number of servings
of the source food that are likely to be consumed can be estimated. If
the isolate strain can or has been tested in a manner consistent with
the LD~50~ mouse experiment, the virulence potential can be established.
With these inputs, the dose-response model can predict, with acceptable
uncertainty, the median number of deaths for different populations. If
not all of this information is available, the dose-response model still
can predict the probability of death for different populations and
different consumption scenarios, and provides an estimate of the
uncertainty for that prediction.

There have been many foodborne listeriosis outbreaks and reports of
sporadic individual cases in the past 15 years, with a variety of foods
implicated as vehicles of infection. Those outbreak and individual case
reports that identify the food vehicle for infection have been very
helpful to the hazard identification phase of the *L. monocytogenes*
risk assessment. However, identification of the food source of *L.
monocytogenes* contamination is infrequent and estimation of cfu/g at
consumption even less frequent.

To be informative for quantitative risk assessment, outbreak reports
must include quantitative exposure data linked to individuals. Many
reports have provided information about the food source, serotype, and
contamination in food, but the amount of food consumed by each person
and the number of people exposed is usually not reported. For example,
an outbreak of listeriosis occurred in Massachusetts in 1983 involving
49 cases (Fleming *et al*., 1985). Illness was strongly associated with
the consumption of pasteurized milk. The investigation revealed attack
rate, food source, and serotype data, but information was not provided
about the level of contamination and amount of milk consumed. In
addition, outbreak reports with information about the dose and attack
rate are rare. The total number of people exposed (number of servings
consumed) and immune status of those exposed is also rarely known.

Tables A9-1 and A9-2 list examples of outbreak and sporadic case reports
where data on contamination level in the implicated food were reported.
These tables also provide the location and year of occurrence, the
implicated food source(s), *L. monocytogenes* serotype, level of
contamination of implicated food(s), amount of food consumed, number of
persons affected, and the attack rate. Of the outbreaks listed in Table
A9-1, only the report of the outbreak in 1994 associated with chocolate
milk contained the critical details necessary to estimate the
dose-response relationship. However, the primary endpoint of this
outbreak (gastrointestinal illness) makes it of minimal usefulness in
characterizing outbreaks of severe listeriosis. None of the other
reports contained information on the amount of either the food or *L.
monocytogenes* consumed per serving by individuals or the attack rate.
However in two cases, the Mexican-style soft cheese and the Finnish
butter outbreaks, an attack rate and dose range could be estimated. The
Mexican-style soft cheese would be similar to the Fresh Soft Cheese food
category used in this risk assessment. Butter is one of the foods
included in the High Fat and Other Dairy Products category.

Table A9-1. Location, Year of Occurrence, and Epidemiologic Data for
Outbreaks of Listeriosis

+---------------+-------------+------+------------+--------+---+------+
| **Location,   | **Food      | **Se | **Conta    | **     | * | **   |
| Year**        | Source**    | roty | mination** | Amount | * | Atta |
|               |             | pe** |            | Cons   | N | ck** |
| **            |             |      | **Level    | umed** | o |      |
| (Reference)** |             |      | (cfu/g)**  |        | . | **Ra |
|               |             |      |            |        | * | te** |
|               |             |      |            |        | * |      |
|               |             |      |            |        |   |      |
|               |             |      |            |        | * |      |
|               |             |      |            |        | * |      |
|               |             |      |            |        | I |      |
|               |             |      |            |        | l |      |
|               |             |      |            |        | l |      |
|               |             |      |            |        | * |      |
|               |             |      |            |        | * |      |
+---------------+-------------+------+------------+--------+---+------+
| LA County,    | Me          | 82%  | 1.4x10^4^  | NA ^a^ | 1 | NA   |
| 1985          | xican-style | 4b   | to 5x10^4^ |        | 4 |      |
|               | soft cheese |      |            |        | 2 |      |
| (Linnan *et   |             |      |            |        |   |      |
| al.,* 1988)   |             |      |            |        |   |      |
+---------------+-------------+------+------------+--------+---+------+
| Switzerland,  | Soft        | 75%  | 1x10^4^ to | NA     | 1 | NA   |
| 1983-87       | sm          | 4b   | 1x10^6^    |        | 2 |      |
|               | ear-ripened |      |            |        | 2 |      |
| (Bula *et     | cheese      |      |            |        |   |      |
| al.,* 1995)   |             |      |            |        |   |      |
+---------------+-------------+------+------------+--------+---+------+
| IL, MO, WI,   | Chocolate   | 1/2b | 1x10^9^    | 240 mL | 4 | 4    |
| 1994          | milk        |      | (cfu/mL)   |        | 5 | 5/60 |
|               |             |      |            |        |   | (med |
| (Dalton *et   |             |      |            |        |   | ian) |
| al.,* 1997)   |             |      |            |        |   |      |
+---------------+-------------+------+------------+--------+---+------+
| Italy, 1993   | Cream       | 1/2b | 460        | NA     | 1 | 1    |
|               | cheese      |      |            |        | 8 | 8/39 |
| (Salamina *et |             |      |            |        |   |      |
| al.,* 1996)   |             |      |            |        |   |      |
+---------------+-------------+------+------------+--------+---+------+
|               | fruit tart  | 1/2b | 0.93       | NA     |   |      |
+---------------+-------------+------+------------+--------+---+------+
|               | Rice Salad  | NA   | NA         | NA     |   |      |
|               | ^b^         |      |            |        |   |      |
+---------------+-------------+------+------------+--------+---+------+
| Finland,      | Butter      | 3a   | \<100 ^c^  | NA     | 2 | NA   |
| 1998-99       |             |      |            |        | 5 |      |
| (Lyytikäinen  |             |      |            |        |   |      |
| *et al.,*     |             |      |            |        |   |      |
| 2000)         |             |      |            |        |   |      |
+---------------+-------------+------+------------+--------+---+------+
| Multistate,   | F           | 4b   | \<0.3      | NA     | 1 | NA   |
| 1998-99       | rankfurters |      |            |        | 0 |      |
|               |             |      |            |        | 1 |      |
| (CDC, 1998b)  |             |      |            |        |   |      |
+---------------+-------------+------+------------+--------+---+------+

^a^ NA = Not available

^b^ Rice salad implicated by epidemiology; p\<0.001

^c^ One sample contained 11,400 cfu/g

Table A9-2. Location, Year of Occurrence, and Epidemiologic Data for
Sporadic Cases of Listeriosis not Reported in Outbreaks

+-------------+-----+----------+-----+----------+-------+-----+-----+
| *           | **  | **Con    | **S | *        | **A   | **  | **  |
| *Location** | Yea | firmed** | ero | *Contami | mount | Num | Att |
|             | r** |          | typ | nation** | Consu | ber | ack |
| **(R        |     | **Food   | e** |          | med** | Il  | Rat |
| eference)** |     | Source** |     | **Level  |       | l** | e** |
|             |     |          |     | (        |       |     |     |
|             |     |          |     | cfu/g)** |       |     |     |
+-------------+-----+----------+-----+----------+-------+-----+-----+
| England     | 1   | Goat     | 4b  | 4 x      | 85 g  | 1   | NA  |
|             | 988 | Cheese   |     | 10^7^    |       |     | ^a^ |
| (Azadian    |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
| *et al.,*   |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
| 1989)       |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
+-------------+-----+----------+-----+----------+-------+-----+-----+
| Oklahoma    | 1   | Fra      | NA  | \        | 1 per | 1   | NA  |
|             | 988 | nkfurter |     | >1100^b^ | day   |     |     |
| (Barnes *et |     | Sausage  |     |          |       |     |     |
| al.,* 1989) |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
+-------------+-----+----------+-----+----------+-------+-----+-----+
| Italy       | 1   | Homemade | NA  | 2.7 x    | NA    | 1   | NA  |
|             | 989 | Sausage  |     | 10^6^    |       |     |     |
| (Cantoni,   |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
| 1989)       |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
+-------------+-----+----------+-----+----------+-------+-----+-----+
| New Jersey  | NA  | Ricotta  | NA  | 100 to   | NA    | 1   | NA  |
|             |     | Cheese   |     | 10^6^    |       |     |     |
| (Ryser,     |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
| 1999b)      |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
+-------------+-----+----------+-----+----------+-------+-----+-----+
| Finland     | 1   | Salted   | 4b  | 1 x      | NA    | 1   | NA  |
|             | 989 | M        |     | 10^6^    |       |     |     |
| (Juntilla   |     | ushrooms |     |          |       |     |     |
| and         |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
| Brander,    |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
| 1989)       |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
+-------------+-----+----------+-----+----------+-------+-----+-----+
| Belgium     | 1   | Co       | 4b  | 1 x      | NA    | 1   | NA  |
|             | 989 | mmercial |     | 10^4^    |       |     |     |
| (Andre *et  | -90 |          |     |          |       |     |     |
| al.,* 1990) |     | Ice      |     |          |       |     |     |
|             |     | Cream    |     |          |       |     |     |
+-------------+-----+----------+-----+----------+-------+-----+-----+
| Tasmania    | 1   | Smoked   | NA  | 1.6 x    | 90 g  | 2   | NA  |
|             | 991 | Mussels  |     | 10^7^    |       |     |     |
| (Brett *et  |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
| al.,* 1998) |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
+-------------+-----+----------+-----+----------+-------+-----+-----+
| Canada      | 1   | I        | NA  | 2.1 x    | NA    | 2   | NA  |
|             | 997 | mitation |     | 10^9^    |       |     |     |
| (Farber,    |     | Crabmeat |     |          |       |     |     |
| 1997)       |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
+-------------+-----+----------+-----+----------+-------+-----+-----+
|             |     |          |     |          |       |     |     |
+-------------+-----+----------+-----+----------+-------+-----+-----+

^a^ NA= Not Available

^b^ \>1100 cfu/g, in opened package, patient refrigerators; \<0.3 cfu/g
in closed package, retail.

### The 1985 Los Angeles Mexican-Style Soft Cheese Outbreak

Between January 1 and August 15, 1985, 142 cases of listeriosis were
reported in Los Angeles County. There were 48 deaths (including 19 fetal
and 10 neonatal). The overall case fatality rate was 33%. Of the 142
cases, 93 (65%) were perinatal. The mean age of mothers was 26 years and
the mean gestational age of fetus or neonate was 32 weeks. Eighty-six
percent of the cases were Hispanic individuals. Of the remaining
non-perinatal cases, the mean age was 58 years and only 29% were
Hispanic individuals. Mexican-style soft cheese was epidemiologically
and bacteriologically associated with the occurrence of disease.

At the time the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health reported
on the outbreak, their report did not contain information on either the
amount of cheese consumed per serving by individuals or the attack rate.
Fortunately, consumption data by individuals were collected and records
from the outbreak were saved. Therefore, in 1998, an attack rate was
estimated (Buchholz, 2000) based upon information in the outbreak
records and Los Angeles County demographics. Table A9-3 shows the
calculation of the attack rate for the listeriosis outbreak among
pregnant Hispanic females in Los Angeles County in 1985 associated with
consumption of Mexican-style soft cheese.

There were a total of 81 listeriosis cases among pregnant Hispanic
females. Only cases infected with the outbreak phage type were used in
the analysis (63 of 142). Two matched case-control studies (n=39) were
conducted during the outbreak (Linnan *et al*., 1988). The total number
of controls (31) and the number of controls that were exposed to the
implicated food (11) were determined by re-construction of the odds
ratio table. This allowed for an estimate of the proportion of the
population that consumed the implicated food (11/31=35%).

To estimate the dose-response for pregnant females, it was assumed that
the same percentage of pregnant Hispanic females as in the case-control
studies ate the implicated cheese. The total number of pregnant Hispanic
females within the marketing area during the time interval of interest
(33,642) was multiplied by the calculated proportion of the population
that consumed the implicated food (35%), providing an estimate of the
number of pregnant Hispanic women who ate the implicated food (11,775).

Two studies were used to determine the Mexican-style soft cheese
contamination rate. Laboratory data from one study were examined to
determine the total number of food samples qualitatively tested (85) and
the number of samples that were positive (22) outbreak (Linnan *et al*.,
1988). The number of positive tests divided by the number of foods
sampled yielded an estimate of the proportion of food contaminated
(22/85 = 26%). That proportion multiplied by the estimate of the number
of pregnant women who ate the implicated food (11,775), provides one
estimate of the total number of pregnant women who were exposed to *L.
monocytogenes* (3,061).

A second estimate of the proportion of food contaminated was determined
based on the second contamination study (Ryser, 1999a). Samples (665)
were tested, with 56 positive results, to give an estimated
contamination frequency of 8.4%. It should be noted that these outbreak
related cheese samples were recovered from a landfill after disposal,
which had an unknown impact on the results. The low estimate of pregnant
Hispanic women who ate contaminated cheese (989) was derived by
multiplying this contamination rate (8.4%) by the total number of
Hispanic females who ate the implicated cheese (11,775).

For the high estimate, the estimated attack rate (2.1%) is equal to the
number of cases that developed listeriosis from the outbreak phage type
(63) divided by the high estimate of the total number of pregnant
Hispanic females who were exposed (3,061). The proportion of actual
cases that were identified during the outbreak was then estimated based
on 100% of cases identified (best case scenario) and 75% of cases
identified (based on estimates from health care workers in Los Angeles
at the time of the outbreak).

For the low estimate, the estimated attack rate (6.4%) is equal to the
number of cases that were infected with the outbreak phage type (63)
divided by the low estimate of the total number of exposed persons in
the population (989). The proportion of actual cases that were
identified during the outbreak was again estimated based on 75% and 100%
of cases identified.

Using this strategy, the estimated attack rate during the Mexican-style
soft cheese outbreak ranges between a low of 2.1-2.7% and a high of 6.4
to 8.5%.

From the outbreak records, it was possible to estimate the one-day
consumption of the implicated cheese from 39 of 63 pregnant Hispanic
females infected. The consumption ranged from 0.5 ounces/day to 21
ounces/day (median about 5.5 ounces/day). In addition to reporting
consumption for one day, about 38% of the females reported their usual
consumption of cheese for more than one day. The effect of cumulative
doses on the attack rate and pathogenesis is not well understood and was
not estimated.

*Listeria monocytogenes* contamination levels in this outbreak were
reported twice, at 1,000 to 10,000 cfu/g (NACMCF, 1991) and 14,000 to
50,000 cfu/g (Ryser, 1999a). The dose of *L. monocytogenes* consumed in
the contaminated cheese in one day was calculated to range between
15,000 cfu/day (0.5 oz/day X 30 g/oz X 1,000 cfu/g) and 31,500,000
cfu/day (21 oz/day X 30 g/oz X 50,000 cfu/g). It was therefore estimated
that approximately 2.1%-8.5% of pregnant Hispanic females who consumed
between 1.5 x 10^4^ and 3.15 x 10^7^ *L. monocytogenes* 4b organisms in
a single day became ill.

^Table\ A9-3.\ Calculation\ of\ Attack\ Rate\ for\ an\ Outbreak\ of\ *Listeria\ monocytogenes*\ 4b\ in\ Pregnant\ Hispanic\ Females\ Using\ Data\ from\ the\ 1985\ Mexican-style\ Soft\ Cheese\ Outbreak^

  ---------------------------------------------------------- ------------
                                                             

  Hispanic births (January - June, 1985), LA County          33628

  Hispanic fetal and neonatal deaths (January - June, 1985)  \+ 350

  Proportion of multigestational births (1%)                 \- 336

  Population giving rise to cases (Total Hispanic pregnant   33642
  females, January - June, 1985)                             

                                                             

  Total Hispanic pregnant females who ate the implicated     11775
  cheese (based on an estimate that 35% of controls ate      
  implicated cheese)                                         

                                                             

  High estimate of Hispanic pregnant females who ate         3061
  contaminated cheese (based on a estimate of 26% product    
  contamination x 11775)                                     

  Total Listeriosis cases among Hispanic pregnant females    81

  Cases with outbreak phage type                             63

  Attack rate if all cases were identified (63 x 100 /3061)  2.1%

  Attack rate if 75% of cases identified (63 x               2.7%
  100/3061)/0.75                                             

                                                             

  Low estimate of Hispanic pregnant females who ate          989
  contaminated cheese (based on an estimated rate of 8.4%    
  product contamination x 11775)                             

  Attack rate if all cases were identified (63 x 100 /989)   6.4%

  Attack rate if 75% of cases identified (63 x 100/989)/0.75 8.5%
  ---------------------------------------------------------- ------------

###  {#section-34}

A dose-response model of this outbreak was developed using the same
structure as the dose-response model for the national estimates (Figure
A9-1). However, two of the components of the outbreak dose-response
model were modified to reflect specific information from the outbreak.

First, a distribution ranging from 10^2^ to 10^4^ was used as an
estimate of the *L. monocytogenes* concentration in the contaminated
cheese. Because the cheese samples were obtained from consumer
refrigerators, it is reasonable to assume that the measurements
producing these estimates included growth during storage. Therefore, no
additional growth was modeled.

Second, the strain virulence model was modified to include only mouse
LD~50~ values for the single strain associated with the outbreak.
Attribution of all the cases to a single strain implies that strain
virulence is no longer a source of variability in the cause of illness.
The frequency distribution in the national model is therefore replaced
by a single uncertain value. Since mouse LD~50~ values are available,
the uncertainty in the virulence is much less than it otherwise would be
(e.g., as shown in FigureA9-1). A normal distribution of the three
LD~50~ values was used to represent the uncertainty; since the doses
were measured in logs and the distribution is essentially Lognormal.

![](media/image1.wmf){width="5.997916666666667in"
height="4.054861111111111in"}

FigureA9-1. *Listeria monocytogenes* Dose-Response with Single Strain
Virulence Derived from 1985 Los Angeles Mexican-style Soft Cheese
Outbreak

Without a dose-response scaling factor, the Los Angeles model also
overestimated the number of cases expected in the epidemic. However, a
much smaller scaling factor (3.5 to 4.5 logs) was required to produce an
estimate that roughly corresponded to the observed number of cases than
was required for the national model for neonatal (6 to 10 logs). Since
the main difference between the national and Los Angeles outbreak models
are the estimates of *L. monocytogenes* concentrations and strain
virulence, it appears that a major portion of the uncertainty described
by the dose-response adjustment factor may be attributed to these two
model components. More specifically, the national estimates for *L.
monocytogenes* concentrations may be too high or the Los Angeles
estimates are low, and/or the number of low-virulence *L. monocytogenes*
strains may be underrepresented in the frequency distributions for
strain virulence. The Los Angeles model, based on our limited data,
primarily provides assurance that the population-based model can be
useful as a predictive tool that is reasonably accurate (within a
several log range) when *L. monocytogenes* concentrations and strain
virulence information are known. The dose response model using the 1985
Mexican-style soft cheese outbreak represents an application of the
model to a specific set of circumstances. Therefore, those data were not
used in this *L. monocytogenes* risk assessment to develop the
dose-response relationship.

**The 1999 Finland Pasteurized Butter Outbreak**

The Finland pasteurized butter outbreak attack rate and dose was
calculated in a manner similar to the method used to calculate these
parameters for the Mexican-style soft cheese outbreak. Between December
1998 and February 1999, an increase in cases of listeriosis due to *L.
monocytogenes* serotype 3a in Finland was recognized (Lyytikäinen *et
al.*, 2000). Review of national laboratory surveillance data from June
1, 1998 to March 31, 1999 identified 25 *L. monocytogenes* 3a cases,
which included six deaths. Cultures of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and
samples from other sterile sites were used to identify cases of
listeriosis. Most of the cases were hematological or organ transplant
patients. The median age of cases was 53 years (range 12-85). Ten males
and no pregnant females or newborns were identified as listeriosis
cases. The average annual number of hematological and organ transplant
patients admitted to the hospital is 410. Therefore, the number of
persons at risk for the 9-month period of concern was approximately 308.

Butter was implicated as the vehicle of infection. Isolates of *L.
monocytogenes* 3a from the butter and from the 25 cases were
indistinguishable by PFGE. At the tertiary care hospital where a
majority of the cases (15/25) occurred, only one brand of butter was
consumed during the outbreak period. The hospital is the only site in
Finland for organ transplants and is where most bone marrow transplants
are performed.

Thirteen butter samples obtained from the hospital kitchen and 139
butter samples obtained from the dairy and a wholesale store were
analyzed for the presence of *L. monocytogenes.* The outbreak strain was
detected in all thirteen hospital-kitchen samples. The outbreak strain
was also detected in several lots from the dairy and wholesale store.
The level of *L. monocytogenes* contamination was \<100 cfu/g (range 5
to 60 cfu/g) for all positive butter samples, except for one sample that
contained 11,000 cfu/g. A complete description of the environmental
investigation is described in Lyytikäinen *et al*. (2000).

It was possible to estimate butter consumption for five case patients
based on interviews about dietary practices (number of times per week
and per day). Researchers assumed that patients ate one package of
butter per meal (7 g). The estimated consumption was divided by 31 days
(median hospital stay) to estimate daily butter consumption. To
determine the median dose range, the minimum butter consumption (1.1
g/day) was multiplied by the minimum contamination level for the
hospital kitchen samples (5 cfu/g) and the maximum butter consumption
(55 g/day) was multiplied by the maximum contamination level for the
hospital samples (60 cfu/g). Using the hospital samples, the consumed
dose would be 5.5 to 3,300 cfu/day. By using the maximum contamination
level found in the wholesale samples (11,000 cfu/g), then the daily dose
consumed would range between 1.21 x 10 ^4^ to 6.6 x 10 ^5^ cfu/day.

Table A9-4 shows the calculation for the attack rate of the 1999 Finland
butter outbreak. Approximately 6.4% to 10.7% of the
hematological/transplant patients at the hospital who consumed between
5.5 cfu/g and 6.6 x 10^5^ cfu/g developed listeriosis. We assumed that
hospitalized patients ate the implicated butter on each of 31 days
(median hospital stay) while hospitalized. The majority of the illnesses
were associated with severe symptoms. The effect of cumulative doses on
the attack rate and pathogenesis was not estimated.

Table A9-4. Calculation of Attack Rate for an Outbreak of *Listeria
monocytogenes*

Serotype 3a Infections from Butter in Finland for Hematological and
Transplant Patients

+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
|    |                                                 |   |          |
+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
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+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
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+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
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+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
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| %) |                                                 |   |          |
+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
|    | Population at risk (100%)                       |   | 234      |
+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
|    | Attack rate (15 x 100/234)^1^                   |   | 6.4%     |
+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
|    |                                                 |   |          |
+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
| Mi |                                                 |   |          |
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| (  |                                                 |   |          |
| 80 |                                                 |   |          |
| %) |                                                 |   |          |
+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
|    | Population at risk 80%                          |   | 187      |
+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
|    | Attack rate (15 x 100/187)                      |   | 8.0%     |
+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
|    |                                                 |   |          |
+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
| L  |                                                 |   |          |
| ow |                                                 |   |          |
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| ta |                                                 |   |          |
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| on |                                                 |   |          |
| (  |                                                 |   |          |
| 60 |                                                 |   |          |
| %) |                                                 |   |          |
+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
|    | Population at risk 60%                          |   | 140      |
+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+
|    | Attack rate (15 x 100/140)                      |   | 10.7%    |
+----+-------------------------------------------------+---+----------+

The Finland outbreak demonstrates the serious consequences of even low
dose exposure when the severely immunocompromised are exposed. Because
this outbreak currently lacks strain information and the relative
susceptibility of transplant patients is unknown, it is not possible to
calculate a new dose-response curve for this population. However,
intensive outbreak investigations such as this one are applauded. They
help to explain the sources of uncertainty in our dose-response model
and they provide controlled environments in which accurate dose and
attack rate data may be collected.