**The Economic Impact**

**of the Recycling Industry**

**in South Carolina**

Frank Hefner

Calvin Blackwell

Department of Economics and Finance

College of Charleston

Charleston, S.C. 29424

June 23, 2006

This study was supported by the S.C. Department of Health and
Environmental Control and the S.C. Department of Commerce.

**THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RECYCLING**

**SUMMARY OF RESULTS**

**2005**

**RECYCLING INDUSTRY ECONOMIC IMPACTS**

**37,440 JOBS**

**\$1.5 BILLION IN PERSONAL INCOME**

**\$6.5 BILLION ECONOMIC IMPACT**

**\$69 MILLION STATE TAX REVENUE**

**PROJECTED 12% ANNUAL GROWTH IN NEXT FIVE YEARS**

**ESTIMATED TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT IN FIVE YEARS =OVER \$11 BILLION**

**MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE**

**1000 TONS RECYCLED MSW = 1.68 JOBS**

**\$236,000 ECONOMIC IMPACT**

**\$79,000 PERSONAL INCOME**

**\$3687 STATE TAX REVENUE**

**The Economic Impact of the Recycling Industry in South Carolina**

That recycling is beneficial for the environment is probably an
uncontested proposition. What is becoming increasingly more obvious is
that recycling contributes to the economic health of a state's economy.
In order to better understand the economic potential of recycling to the
state of South Carolina, the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental
Control in conjunction with the S.C. Department of Commerce commissioned
this study to measure the economic impact of recycling.

In terms of economic development, local and state governments and the
public at large often think in terms of a factory, a facility, producing
one identifiable product. An automotive plant, such as BMW, has a
location, an identifiable product, and entry points into the facility
that make it easy to quantify economic impacts. In other words, we can
easily count the workers entering and leaving the plant; we can easily
see the materials being delivered; and finally we can easily see the
product rolling off the assembly line. Car manufacturing is categorized
in the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system as 371, Motor
Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Equipment, and in the newer North American
Industrial Industry Classification System (NAICS) as 336111, Automobile
Manufacturing. Recycling, however, is not so easily identified. There is
no one category that captures the variety of activities that fall under
recycling. Researchers have been confronted with similar problems in
analyzing other amorphous industries, such as "tourism" and
"retirement." Much like recycling, there is no well defined category for
tourism. The economic activities associated with tourism, like
recycling, are diffuse and spread across the entire region. No one wears
a uniform that identifies him as an employee in the recycling industry.
Analysts cannot plant themselves at a well defined location, such as a
steel mill, and count workers as they enter to determine the jobs
impact. Further, supply chain links are not easily identified. The most
common method to deal with these problems is to combine survey data with
an impact model. This is the method we used in this research.

As the following table indicates, researchers have identified a number
of industrial classifications that fall under recycling.[^1]

Recycling Activities and Associated SIC and IMPLAN Sector Codes[^2]

Firm Type SIC Code IMPLAN Match

+---------------------+----------------------+------------------------+
| Hauler-Based        | SIC 4953 Refuse      | IMP 446 Sanitary       |
| Collection          | Systems              | Services and Steam     |
|                     |                      |                        |
|                     | SIC 4212 Local       | Supply                 |
|                     | Trucking without     |                        |
|                     |                      | IMP 435 Motor Freight  |
|                     | Storage              | Transport and          |
|                     |                      |                        |
|                     |                      | Warehousing            |
+---------------------+----------------------+------------------------+
| Disposal            | SIC 4953 Refuse      | IMP 446 Sanitary       |
| Facility-Based      | Systems              | Services and Steam     |
| Collection          |                      |                        |
|                     |                      | Supply                 |
+---------------------+----------------------+------------------------+
| Recyclable          | SIC 5093 Scrap and   | IMP 447 Wholesale      |
| Materials           | Waste Material       | Trade                  |
| Wholesalers         |                      |                        |
|                     | Wholesalers          |                        |
+---------------------+----------------------+------------------------+
| Materials Recovery  | SIC 4953 Refuse      | IMP 446 Sanitary       |
| Facilities          | Systems              | Services and Steam     |
|                     |                      |                        |
|                     |                      | Supply                 |
+---------------------+----------------------+------------------------+
| Construction and    | SIC 4953 Refuse      | IMP 446 Sanitary       |
| Demolition Debris   | Systems              | Services and Steam     |
|                     |                      |                        |
| Processors          |                      | Supply                 |
+---------------------+----------------------+------------------------+
| Beneficiation       | SIC 5093 Scrap and   | IMP 447 Wholesale      |
| Facilities          | Waste Materials      | Trade                  |
+---------------------+----------------------+------------------------+
| Deinked Pulp Market | SIC 2611 Pulp Mills  | IMP 161 Pulp Mills     |
| Producers           |                      |                        |
+---------------------+----------------------+------------------------+
| Glass Container     | SIC 2611 Glass       | IMP 231 Glass          |
| Manufacturing       | Containers           | Containers             |
|                     |                      |                        |
| Plants              |                      |                        |
+---------------------+----------------------+------------------------+
| Smelting and        | SIC 3341 Secondary   | IMP 263 Secondary      |
| Refining Mills      | Smelting and         | Nonferrous Metals      |
|                     |                      |                        |
|                     | Refining of          | IMP 262 Primary        |
|                     | Nonferrous Metals    | Nonferrous Metals,     |
|                     |                      |                        |
|                     | SIC 3339 Primary     | NEC                    |
|                     | Smelting and         |                        |
|                     |                      |                        |
|                     | Refining of          |                        |
|                     | Nonferrous Metals,   |                        |
|                     | Except               |                        |
|                     |                      |                        |
|                     | Copper and Aluminum  |                        |
+---------------------+----------------------+------------------------+

The first column provides commonly used descriptions of the type of
industries that engage in recycling. The second column provides a match
the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The third column
matches the SIC categories with IMPLAN sector codes. IMPLAN, as we
discuss later, is a model used by analysts to assess regional economic
impacts. It has the advantage of being calibrated specifically to South
Carolina. The important point to observe in this table is the wide range
of industries that may be classified as being engaged in recycling
activities.

The S.C. Department of Commerce maintains and publishes a directory of
businesses that are recycling service providers. At the time of this
survey, there were 340 firms listed in the directory. Our survey found
that firms ranged in size from 1 employee to 553 employees. Recycling
activities ranged from an artist who uses recycled materials in her art
work to steel and wood reprocessing to computer recycling. E-waste
(electronic waste) is one example of the dynamic and growing nature of
the industry.[^3] The industry is also crossing borders: state and
international. One company with headquarters in Florida has operations
in South Carolina and collects electronic waste in South America.

The survey instrument is presented in the next section. Following that
we present a summary of the results. The economic impact of recycling is
then discussed. Finally, we model the economic potential of recovering
recyclable Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The appendices contain details
and data used in the analyses.

**South Carolina**

**Recycling Industry Survey**

The recycling industry is an important part of South Carolina's economy.
The following survey will help document the economic impact the industry
has on the state's economy.

Please answer to the best of your ability (best guess). Although answers
will be confidential, please skip any question you are uncomfortable
with and answer the rest.

**Facility Information NAICS code \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or SIC code
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

Which category best defines your role as a recycling company (check all
that apply):

Hauler \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Manufacturer \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Processor \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Remanufacturer \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Broker \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Reuse
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

1\. Total number of employees in 2005
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

2\. Total payroll (total annual) 2005
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

3\. Percent of your business engaged in recycling
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ %

**Expansion plans:**

1\. Do you plan to hire any more employees next year? Yes No

2\. How many? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

3\. Do you plan to invest in more plant, equipment, or land in the next
five years?

Yes No Approximate investment amount \$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Industry Outlook (next five years)**

1\. Is recycling a growing industry? Yes No

2\. Estimate the growth as a percentage annual rate?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ %

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Thank you for your participation. Please return in the envelope
provided.

Questions may be directed to Frank Hefner, (843) 953- 8111, or
hefnerf@cofc.edu

**Survey Analysis**

**Outlook Statistics**

Ninety-two percent of the firms responding have an optimistic outlook on
the growth of their industry. Only four firms reported that the industry
is not growing. However, the recycling industry is not a homogeneous
industry; i.e., it is composed of many parts that range from steel, to
paper, to old computers, and so forth. One of the firms with a
"no-growth" forecast reported that the industry is not growing, but the
firm is expanding. This may be explained by the fact that this
particular firm reports only ten percent of its employees are engaged in
recycling; the rest are engaged in manufacturing unrelated to its
recycling efforts. Another respondent reported that its segment of the
industry is "mature." As a consistency check, we noted that this firm
also does not report any expansion plans.

Eighty-four percent of the firms responding reported an average annual
growth rate of twelve percent in recycling over the next five years.

The investment plans of the respondents match their outlook for the
future. In other words, their expectations for the industry match their
plans in their own firms. Ninety-one percent of the respondents report
expansion plans. The overwhelming majority of the firms anticipate
growth in the industry. At the same time, the firms are also actualizing
their beliefs with tangible investment plans. The total investment
within the next five years by the firms that responded is over
\$365,630,000. The average investment per employee is \$90,567.

Only seven percent of the respondents reported no investment plans.[^4]

**Firm Size and Characteristics**

The firms range in size from 1 employee to 553, with an average of 75
employees per firm. The median is 30 employees per firm.

The average salary in the industry is reported to be \$32,229.[^5] The
median is \$32,222. Although the range was wide, \$69,565 to \$10,000,
the fact that the median is close to the average is good indicator that
most firms are paying the average. These jobs are thus relatively good
jobs in a state where the average salary is reported to be \$31,940 for
all occupations in all industries (including professions such as
medicine, law, engineering, etc)[^6]

Many of the firms surveyed are multi-product firms with recycling as one
component of their operations. Previous research often does not capture
this fact and attributes the employment impact of the firms to
recycling. In our survey we asked what percentage of the firm's business
is engaged in recycling. The range of responses was as wide as possible:
1% to 100% with an average of 71%. For the purpose of determining
economic impacts, the percentage of the firm's business engaged in
recycling was applied to the total number of employees to determine the
number of employees actually engaged in recycling. The average number of
employees actually engaged in recycling activities is 48 with a median
value of 14.[^7]

We also asked firms to characterize their operations into the following
categories:

Category Number of Responses

Hauler 17

Processor 30

Broker 10

Manufacturer 23

Re-manufacturer 12

Reuse 14

Most of the firms indicated multiple categories, indicating a high
degree of multi-product activity. For example, a manufacturer may also
engage in hauling and processing. And certainly, many processors have
units that engage in hauling.

A total of 340 businesses was identified as being in the recycling
industry in South Carolina.[^8] All firms listed were sampled. A total
of 61 surveys were returned. 15 survey instruments were returned as
undeliverable or having new addresses.[^9] Thus, the population of firms
in the industry consists of 325 firms. The economic impact analysis uses
325 firms as the base with an average of 48 employees per firm. This
implies a total employment of 15,600 in the industry.[^10]

**Multiplier Concept**

The survey results provide information on what is termed a "**direct
impact**." The direct impact is the initial spending or job generated by
the firm engaged in recycling activities. In order to understand the
complete economic impact of the recycling industry, we must also
consider what are called "ripple effects." Ripple effects comprise
indirect and induced impacts. The concept is fairly straight forward and
often analysts refer to the idea of dropping a stone in a pond. The
initial splash is the direct impact. The accompanying ripples are the
"multiplier effects."

Consider a recycling facility. The plant hires workers and pays a
payroll. The operations of the plant are the direct expenditures. In the
process of its operations the firm may purchase goods and services from
other companies. Those purchases are termed the "**indirect impacts**."
For example, a recyclable materials processor purchases machinery from
machinery manufacturers who in turn purchase raw materials, parts, and
services from other industries. Further, the recyclable materials
processor provides processed feedstock to other manufacturers who then
sell their product. The employees in turn spend their paychecks, which
in turn generates additional impacts. These impacts are termed
"**induced impacts**."

As an example, consider a firm engaged in Waste Management and
Remediation Services.[^11] For every dollar of services produced, a
total impact of \$1.59 is generated in the S.C. economy.[^12] The
additional \$0.59 represents the ripple effects in the economy. In the
normal course of operations, the company purchases gasoline to operate
its trucks. Included in the \$0.59 is the purchase of gasoline to run
its trucks. Also included are the gas station's purchases of utilities
and supplies to run the gas station. These are the extended ripple
effects and are called the indirect effects. The gas station and the
firm pay wages to their employees. Their employees in turn spend money
in South Carolina, such as buying hamburgers for lunch. These purchases
are also captured in the multiplier and are termed the induced effects.
The \$1.59 includes all impacts: direct, indirect and induced.

There is no one unique multiplier for all industries. For example, the
multiplier for textiles is \$1.72. This means that for every \$1 of
textile production there is a total of \$1.72 in economic activity in
the State.

To determine the multiplier effects, economists utilize a regional
economic impact model whose primary purpose is to determine the
inter-relationships among the various sectors of an economy. Using these
relationships, the ramifications of any economic activity can be traced
through the linkages within the various economic sectors. The result is
the "multiplier." Armed with a multiplier the researcher can determine
the effects of direct spending on total economic activity, personal
income and jobs. For this project, the multipliers developed by IMPLAN
were used.[^13] IMPLAN is a well recognized regional impact model that
is used by many researchers.[^14] Since our survey was state wide, the
multipliers for the state were used. IMPLAN generates three kinds of
multipliers:

**Output**: This measures the total economic activity that takes place
within the economy. The IMPLAN multiplier for Waste Management and
Remediation Services as detailed earlier is 1.59.

**Income**: This is commonly referred to as personal income and includes
employee compensation and proprietor's income.[^15] The income
multiplier relates \$1 of direct income to total income produced in the
economy through all of the ripple effects.

**Jobs**: Total jobs measured as full time equivalents. The jobs
multiplier is a multiple of \$1,000,000. For example, for every
\$1,000,000 of services in the sector "Waste Management and Remediation
Services" eleven jobs are generated in the state. Of these eleven jobs
(full time equivalents), five work directly in Waste Management and
Remediation Services; two work in firms that sell to this industry; and
four jobs are generated by the consumer spending through the wages and
salaries paid to the five workers in the industry and the two workers in
the supplying firms. IMPLAN also calculates a jobs multiplier that
translates direct jobs into total jobs. In this example, one job in this
sector through the multiplier effect generates an additional 1.2 jobs in
the state. Thus the multiplier is 2.2.

**Multiplier Calculation**

The previous section described how multiplier analysis is used in
determining economic impacts. Where an industry is clearly defined and
has an identifiable IMPLAN code, determining the appropriate multiplier
is relatively straightforward. The problem in this industry is that
recycling activities do not fall under one particular industry code. Had
every firm in the state responded with an NAICS code, then each firm's
impact could be determined. As is always the case with survey work,
inferences must be made from limited information. Of the firms that
responded, there were 15 different NAICS categories (this became 14
IMPLAN sectors). Using the employment numbers from these firms, a
weighted average multiplier was constructed. In a sense, this assumes
that the entire industry is distributed as the identifiable types in our
sample. The weights were determined from employment numbers.[^16]

A total of 1935 jobs were identified by sector through our survey.[^17]
These jobs were distributed across the industrial sectors we identified.
The table below identifies the distribution of jobs:

JOBS DISTRIBUTION IN RECYCLING[^18]

  ----------- -------------------------------------------------- --------
  IMPLAN      IMPLAN description                                 Jobs

  39          NEW HIGHWAYS AND STREETS                           49.50

  97          TEXTILE GOODS, N.E.C                               666.41

  125         PAPERBOARD MILLS                                   135.00

  152         MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCT                     205.90

  170         PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT AND SUP                     8.00

  189         GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS, EXC                      3.25

  191         CEMENT, HYDRAULIC                                  8.63

  210         ELECTROMETALLURGICAL PRODUCTS                      135.63

  220         PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS, N.E                     39.13

  224         IRON AND STEEL FOUNDRIES                           22.50

  325         ELECTRIC LAMPS                                     5.00

  390         WHOLESALE TRADE                                    587.60

  460         WASTE MANAGEMENT AND REMEDIATION                   68.5
  ----------- -------------------------------------------------- --------

In IMPLAN terminology, these are direct jobs. The IMPLAN model takes
these jobs as an input and then calculates the total impact across all
sectors in South Carolina. There are twelve identifiable categories
listed above. The number of jobs in each category is the input into the
IMPLAN model. For example, the 68.5 jobs in category IMPLAN 460 becomes
input into the IMPLAN model, and so on for the categories.. The total
jobs multiplier effect of these 1935 jobs is 4,684. The jobs multiplier
is then calculated to be 2.4.[^19] This means that every job in the
recycling industry in South Carolina generates a total of 2.4 jobs in
the state.[^20] The direct impact is 1. The indirect impact, i.e., the
ripple effects from supplier firms is 0.6786. The induced impact, i.e.,
the impact from the spending by the employees of firms, is 0.742. For
every job in the industry, an additional 1.4 jobs is created in the
state through the spending patterns of supplier firms and employees
spending their wages in the State.

Our survey estimated that there are 15,600 direct jobs in the state
attributable to recycling activities. This implies a total jobs impact
of 37,440 jobs.[^21]

The labor income generated by the 1935 identifiable jobs is
\$192,364,006. The labor income impact is estimated to be \$99,412 per
direct job in the industry. This includes the direct pay to the employee
in the industry plus all of the income generated by the indirect and
induced impacts. From our survey we estimate that there are a total of
15,600 direct jobs in the industry. The total income impact is \$1.5
billion in 2005.[^22]

The total economic impact in State from the 1935 jobs is
\$799,979,192.[^23] Thus, the total economic impact per job is
\$413,426. This includes the direct spending by the recycling firm
(including payroll), plus the indirect spending as the firm buys goods
and services within South Carolina, and the induced effects which
comprise the impact of all of the payrolls connected to this chain of
events. The total impact of the industry in South Carolina is not an
insignificant amount: approximately **\$6.5 billion** in 2005**.**[^24]

The recycling industry also contributes a significant tax benefit to the
State.

**Tax Impact**

**State Taxes**

  ----------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------
              FY 99-00           FY 00-01           FY 01-02            FY 02-03            FY 03-04            

                                                                                                                

  Sales Tax   \$1,980,792,357    \$2,000,208,478    \$2,026,514,449     \$2,071,062,999     \$2,201,749,634     

  Ratio       0.0216             0.0204             0.0200              0.0198              0.0203              

  Income Tax  \$2,653,513,352    \$2,711,669,690    \$2,492,130,280     \$2,483,205,960     \$2,613,714,743     

  Ratio       0.0289             0.0276             0.0246              0.0237              0.0241              

  Personal    \$91,715,570,000   \$98,270,171,000   \$101,468,025,000   \$104,636,030,000   \$108,463,333,000   
  Income                                                                                                        
  ----------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------

Source: S.C. Statistical Abstract

Notes: Personal Income in FY99-00 is income as of 1999, and so on.
Income tax includes personal and corporate.

The five year average ratio of Sales Tax to Personal Income is 0.0204.
The five year average ratio of Income Tax to Personal Income is 0.0258.
The total income impact of recycling is estimated to be \$1.5 billion in
2006 which we estimate will generate \$30,604,726 in sales taxes and
\$38,674,883 in income taxes. The total tax impact on the state of South
Carolina is over \$69 million.

**Measuring the Potential Value of Recyclable Material in Landfills**

**Method:**

South Carolina recycled 22.4 percent of the municipal solid waste (MSW)
generated in 2004.[^25] Although this represents a considerable amount
of recycling, the potential for greater recycling clearly exists.

What is the potential value and quantity of recyclable materials? First,
we will start with the quantity. As nearly all materials that make up
MSW are potentially recyclable, then approximately 100 percent of the
MSW generated is recyclable. In 2004, South Carolinians generated 4.3
million tons of MSW[^26], 72.3 percent of which was disposed in
landfills[^27], meaning the potential quantity of recyclable material
disposed of in landfills is 3.1 million tons.

Estimating the value of these recyclable materials is a more difficult
task. Numerous issues have arisen throughout the process, including

-   the impact of increased recyclable material on the market price for
    recyclable materials

-   the cost of increased recycling

-   the makeup of the 3.1 million tons of MSW disposed of in landfills

-   the lack of market data for some recyclables with small/non-existent
    markets

One issue not addressed in this report is the potential impact on the
price of recycled materials if the potential 3.1 million tons of MSW
were to be recycled. In a static market analysis, this increased supply
of recyclable materials would lower the price of recyclable materials,
lowering their overall value. Unfortunately, it is beyond the scope of
this report to estimate this impact on the recyclable materials market.
It is likely that, because the market for recyclable materials is
generally a regional market, and often a national market, that this 3.1
million tons would have a small impact on the price. We will assume
there will be no impact on price. We justify this assumption with two
arguments. The first argument is that the impact would be small in any
event, while the second argument is that the overall demand for
recyclable materials is increasing over time, and this increase will
tend to raise prices. As we make no correction for potential future
increases in demand, assuming prices will stay constant may actually be
a very conservative approach to take.

The task of estimating the potential value of recyclable materials can
be interpreted several ways. We have chosen to interpret our task as
uncovering the market value. This value is estimated independently of
the cost of recycling the materials. It is possible that the cost of
recycling 100 percent of all MSW could far exceed the market value of
the recycled material.

**Process:**

Except where noted, we used data from 2003. Ideally, to estimate the
potential value of recyclable material, one would have information on
the breakdown of material sent to landfills, and then could simply value
that quantity with a market price. For example, if we knew that 1
million tons of aluminum were being sent to landfills each year, we
could easily compute the value of that aluminum. Unfortunately, we were
unable to find a direct inventory of MSW sent to landfills that broke
down the MSW into categories and quantities for recyclable materials.

Lacking direct data about the quantity of recyclable materials, we had
to make assumptions about how much of each category of recyclable
material was currently being recycled. To do this we used information on
the state's recycling rate in 2003 (28.8 percent)[^28] and compared it
to the EPA's estimate of the national recycling rate (30.6
percent)[^29]. We did this because the only estimates we have for
recycling rates for categories of recyclable materials were from the
EPA, necessitating a translation to South Carolina data. We then
adjusted the national recycling rates for each category to make them
proportionate to South Carolina's overall lower recycling rate. We call
the resulting proportion the recycling factor. For example, the EPA
estimates that 18.8 percent of glass was recycled in 2003. Because South
Carolina's recycling rate (recycling factor) is 94.1 percent of the
national average, we estimated South Carolina's recycling rate for glass
to be 17.7 percent (94.1 percent of 18.8 percent). Unfortunately, we
have no way to verify these estimates. So although it is possible that
for individual categories of recyclables South Carolina could be higher
or lower than the national average (and we have no way to know if the
South Carolina and national rates differ), our method assumes that the
national recycling rates relates to the South Carolina rate in the same
way for every category of recyclable.

We used the estimated recycling rates to calculate the percentage of
each material sent to landfills and incinerated. According to
SCDHEC[^30], 93 percent of non-recycled MSW goes into landfills. We then
assumed that this proportion is constant for all materials, and
estimated that 93 percent of non-recycled material is sent to landfills.

Table MSW1 below shows our estimates of South Carolina's recycling rate
and the quantity of recyclable materials in landfills for each major
category of recyclable material. Table MSW1 also gives information on
the price of each category of recyclable material, the value of that
material currently being deposited in landfills, and the value of not
having to landfill recycled materials. Tables MSW2 --MSW4 break this
information down into narrower categories for glass, paper and plastic.
From DHEC's data on the quantity of recycled material, we estimated the
potential recyclable quantity, and then valued that quantity at market
prices. Finally, because the latest price data comes from 2003, we then
adjusted the market prices for inflation using the Producer Price Index.
The formulas used to calculate the totals in the tables below are
presented in an appendix, but a quick example may help explain our
calculations. We estimated the recycling rate for steel to be 34.3
percent. In 2003, according to the South Carolina Solid Waste Management
Annual Report, 13,357 tons of steel were recycled. If this quantity
represents 34.3 percent of the steel produced in South Carolina, then
38,989 tons of recyclable steel were generated. Of those 38,989 tons, we
estimate 23,783 tons (93 percent (the landfill rate) of the 65.7 percent
(non-recycled rate = 100 percent -- 34.3 percent) of the 38,989 tons)
went into landfills. At a market price of \$28.50 per ton, the value of
steel sent to landfills in South Carolina is \$\$679,362.80. Adjusting
this for inflation, we find a final value of \$773,794.23.

We also calculated one other benefit of increased recycling: space saved
in landfills. Every ton of MSW that is recycled instead of landfilled
represents a cost savings. In 2004, the cost to landfill one ton of MSW
was \$32. Adjusting for inflation, if all of the recyclable material in
landfills had been recycled, that would have saved a total of
\$30,517,361.18.

As a check on our process, we examined the total estimated weight of the
recyclable material and compared that to the actual weight of the
non-recycled MSW going into landfills. As Table MSW1 shows, we found
that our process estimated a total weight over all six commodity classes
of 889,615 tons, approximately 2.2 million tons less than the 3.1
million tons of MSW currently going to landfills. We draw two
conclusions from this discrepancy. First, it seems unlikely that our
process has significantly over-estimated the potential quantity of
recyclable materials. As a result, our estimated value is not likely to
be too high, and may be too low. Second, all MSW generated does not fit
into one of the six commodity classes, and so our estimate should total
less than 3.1 million tons. Unfortunately, these 2.2 million tons
represents material that may be recyclable, but currently lacks
established markets to be used to value the material.

Table MSW1

  -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ -----------------
  Commodity      Amount     Price per  Estimated   Total       Estimated   Value in Landfills Avoided Cost of   Value in Landfills Avoided Cost of
                 Recycled   ton (2003  SC          Estimated   Weight in   (2003 Dollars)     Landfilling (2004 (2006 Dollars)     Landfilling (2006
                 (tons)     Dollars)   Recycling   Weight      Landfills                      Dollars)                             Dollars)
                                       Rate        (tons)      (tons)                                                              

  **Glass        9430                  17.7%       53277       40778       \$458,355.10       \$1,304,881.84    \$522,066.46       \$1,398,833.34
  (Total)**                                                                                                                        

  **Steel**      13357      \$28.50    34.3%       38988       23837       \$679,362.80       \$762,793.32      \$773,794.23       \$817,714.44

  **Aluminum**   15653      \$856.00   20.1%       77716       57719       \$49,407,442.26    \$1,847,007.19    \$56,275,076.73    \$1,979,991.70

  **Other or     97275      \$27.00    62.8%       154896      53588       \$1,446,875.79     \$1,714,815.75    \$1,647,991.52     \$1,838,282.48
  Scrap Metal**                                                                                                                    

  **Plastic      16328                 4.9%        333224      294714      \$46,638,701.34    \$9,430,839.54    \$53,121,480.82    \$10,109,859.98
  (Total)**                                                                                                                        

  **Paper        372526                45.3%       823042      418980      \$17,511,993.14    \$13,407,350.04   \$19,946,160.19    \$14,372,679.24
  (Total)**                                                                                                                        

  **Total**      524569                            1481145     889615      \$116,142,730.42   \$28,467,687.67   \$132,286,569.95   \$30,517,361.18
  -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ -----------------

**Table MSW2. Glass**

  ----------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -------------- ---------------- -------------- ----------------
  Commodity   Amount     Price per  Estimated   Total       Estimated   Value in       Avoided Cost of  Value in       Avoided Cost of
              Recycled   ton (2003  SC          Estimated   Weight in   Landfills      Landfilling      Landfills      Landfilling
              (tons)     Dollars)   Recycling   Weight      Landfills   (2003 Dollars) (2004 Dollars)   (2006 Dollars) (2006 Dollars)
                                    Rate        (tons)      (tons)                                                     

  Brown Glass 2152       \$13.75    17.7%       12158       9306        \$127,954.18   \$297,784.28     \$145,739.81   \$319,224.74

  Clear Glass 2713       \$19.75    17.7%       15328       11732       \$231,700.20   \$375,412.98     \$263,906.53   \$402,442.72

  Green Glass 1339       \$5.00     17.7%       7565        5790        \$28,950.77    \$185,284.92     \$32,974.93    \$198,625.43

  Mixed Glass 3226       \$5.00     17.7%       18226       13950       \$69,749.95    \$446,399.66     \$79,445.19    \$478,540.44

  **Glass     9430                  17.7%       53277       40778       \$458,355.10   \$1,304,881.84   \$522,066.46   \$1,398,833.34
  (Total)**                                                                                                            
  ----------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -------------- ---------------- -------------- ----------------

**Table MSW3. Plastic**

  ----------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------------- ---------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Commodity   Amount     Price per  Estimated   Total       Estimated   Value in          Avoided Cost of  Value in          Avoided Cost of
              Recycled   ton (2003  SC          Estimated   Weight in   Landfills (2003   Landfilling      Landfills (2006   Landfilling (2006
              (tons)     Dollars)   Recycling   Weight      Landfills   Dollars)          (2004 Dollars)   Dollars)          Dollars)
                                    Rate        (tons)      (tons)                                                           

  PET         2144       \$220.00   4.9%        43755       38698       \$8,513,631.48    \$1,238,346.40   \$9,697,026.25    \$1,327,507.34

  HDPE\*      3418       \$240.00   4.9%        69755       61694       \$14,806,441.18   \$1,974,192.16   \$16,864,536.50   \$2,116,333.99

  Other       10766      \$120.00   4.9%        219714      194322      \$23,318,628.69   \$6,218,300.98   \$26,559,918.07   \$6,666,018.65

  **Plastic   16328                 4.9%        333224      294714      \$46,638,701.34   \$9,430,839.54   \$53,121,480.82   \$10,109,859.98
  (Total)**                                                                                                                  
  ----------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------------- ---------------- ----------------- -----------------

**Table MSW4. Paper**

  ----------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Commodity   Amount     Price per  Estimated   Total       Estimated   Value in          Avoided Cost of   Value in          Avoided Cost of
              Recycled   ton (2003  SC          Estimated   Weight in   Landfills (2003   Landfilling (2004 Landfills (2006   Landfilling (2006
              (tons)     Dollars)   Recycling   Weight      Landfills   Dollars)          Dollars)          Dollars)          Dollars)
                                    Rate        (tons)      (tons)                                                            

  Cardboard   245398     \$51.00    45.3%       542171      275999      \$14,075,945.47   \$8,831,965.78    \$16,032,501.89   \$9,467,867.32

  Office      16173      \$53.00    45.3%       35732       18190       \$964,057.28      \$582,072.32      \$1,098,061.24    \$623,981.52
  Paper                                                                                                                       

  Magazines   2235       \$40.00    45.3%       4938        2514        \$100,548.11      \$80,438.49       \$114,524.29      \$86,230.06

  Newspaper   56227      \$37.50    45.3%       124225      63238       \$2,371,442.29    \$2,023,630.76    \$2,701,072.77    \$2,169,332.17

  **Paper     372526                45.3%       823042      418980      \$17,511,993.14   \$13,407,350.04   \$19,946,160.19   \$14,372,679.24
  (Total)**                                                                                                                   
  ----------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

**Potential Economic Impact of Landfill**

The relevant number for use in IMPLAN is the "Value in Landfills,"
\$132,286,570. This is the input used in the appropriate IMPLAN
category.[^31] The total economic potential of \$132 million in
recyclable materials in landfills is \$210 million in economic output,
\$71 million in personal income, and 1494 jobs. In Table MSW1, the
estimated weight in landfills in S.C. is 889,615. On average, for every
1000 tons recycled from landfills represents 1.68 additional jobs in the
state, a total impact of \$236,000, and generates \$79,800 in personal
income.[^32] Every additional 1000 tons recycled generates \$3687 in
additional tax revenues to the state.

**Industry Potential**

The survey results indicate that the industry anticipates a 12% annual
growth rate for the next 5 years. This implies that within five years
the total impact could be as high as \$11.46 billion.

Recycling is increasingly viewed as a viable and growing economic
activity. In 2005, the national recycling rate for paper hit an all time
high at 51.5%.[^33] This represents a large increase from the 33% rate
in 1990. Our survey indicates that the industry is optimistic about
continued growth. As resource prices increase and as demand for
resources increase, we expect that the economic impact recycling will
continue to grow.

**APPENDIX**

**IMPLAN**

**TECHNICAL DETAILS**

**Appendix**

**The Input-Output Model**

In this section a brief description is presented of how regional
input-output models are used to estimate economic impacts. Much of the
material presented here is found in a more complete exposition written
by Hefner. (1997).[^34]

The primary purpose of a regional economic impact model is to determine
the inter-relationships among the various sectors of an economy. Using
these relationships, the ramifications of any economic activity can be
traced through the linkages within the various economic sectors. The
result is what is often called a "multiplier." Armed with a multiplier
the researcher can determine the effects of an industry on total
economic activity, personal income and jobs.

There are a number of models available. The theoretical background and
data for most models is an input-output model (I-O). Three I-O models
that are frequently used the following:

1\. RIMS (Regional Impact Modeling System), [^35] developed and
maintained by the U.S. Department of Commerce;

2\. IMPLAN (Impact Analysis for Planning), [^36] a model initially
developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service and now
maintained and marketed by a private firm (Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc);
and

3\. REMI (Regional Economic Models, Inc.) [^37] .

Imbedded in REMI and IMPLAN is an input-output model using data
developed by the U.S. Department of Commerce.[^38] In fact, all of the
above mentioned models use the same basic approach: the regional
multipliers and data are determined using a top-down modeling method
from the national input-output tables.[^39] For this study, the
multipliers developed by IMPLAN were used.[^40]

The basis for impact analysis is the input-output (I-O) table. The table
is constructed with data on detailed inter-industry flows throughout an
economy and information on both final demands and total output. An I-O
table is an accounting relationship for an entire economy (national,
state, or sub-state), with each industry represented as both a column
and a row in a matrix. In simple terms, it is a set of recipes for
production in a given economy. The table provides data on industry
demands and supplies to all industries. The multipliers that are often
used are calculated from the I-O table.

A simple numerical example containing hypothetical data of a two sector
economy I-O table is presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1

Hypothetical Input - Output Table

Final Total

Con Manu Demand Output

Con 200 100 700 1000

Manu 400 500 1100 2000

Final Total

Con Manu Demand Output

Con Z~11~ Z~12~ F~1~ X~1~

Manu Z~21~ Z~22~ F~2~ X~2~

where Con = construction sector

Manu = manufacturing sector

Zij = intermediate demand by industry i of products from industry j

Xi = total output of industry i

In this example, the manufacturing sector delivers to final demand
\$1100 worth of goods. Final demand is the finished product that is used
by a consumer. In addition, this sector provided \$400 of output to the
construction sector and \$500 to itself. The total output of
manufacturing is the row total, \$2,000. From the column of
manufacturing data, it is apparent that to produce the \$1100 of final
goods, the manufacturing sector used \$500 worth of its own output and
\$100 of output from the construction sector. These demands for goods to
be used in the production of goods delivered to final demand are termed
intermediate demands.

In Figure 1, the same scheme is used to obtain a general notation. The
total output from each sector is the sum of the intermediate demands and
the final demands, or

X~1~ = Z~11~ + Z~12~ + F~1~

X~2~ = Z~21~ + Z~22~ + F~2~

which can be put into a matrix form as X = Z + F.

Figure 2

Direct Coefficients Table

Con Manu

[200]{.underline} [100]{.underline}

Con 1000 2000 .2 .05 a~11~ a~12~

= =

[400]{.underline} [500]{.underline}

Manu 1000 2000 .4 .25 a~21~ a~22~

Dividing the inter-industry flows by the total output produces the
technical coefficients matrix, A, as seen in Figure 2. This is the set
of recipes referred to earlier. An illustrative interpretation of these
technical coefficients shows that it takes \$.20 worth of construction
output and \$.40 worth of manufacturing output to produce \$1.00 worth
of construction output.

Since total output equals the sum of the inter-industry flows and the
final demand, one can derive the following equations: X = Z + F, where Z
= AX. This may be solved as X = (I - A)^-1^ F.

Figure 3

Leontief Inverse

1.2931 0.0862

> (I-A)^-1^ = 0.6897 1.3793

The term (I-A)^-1^ is called the Leontief inverse and provides a
powerful tool in I-O analysis. The numerical result of (I-A)^-1^ in our
example is found in Figure 3. To understand what these numbers mean,
consider what will happen to this economy should the demand for
construction increase by \$100 to \$800, while that of manufacturing
remains the same. Obviously, to meet this demand, the construction
sector will have to produce an extra \$100 of output. Additionally, from
the I-O table one can see that construction uses construction services
in its own production process. From the A matrix, we see that to produce
\$1 worth of output, it takes \$.20 worth of construction production as
an input. Thus, \$20 worth of construction will be needed as an input to
increase output by \$100 and, to produce that \$20 worth, an additional
amount given by (.2 X \$20) will be used as an input. Further,
construction will demand (0.4 X \$100) from the manufacturing sector.
The Leontief inverse is an effective tool for calculating the result of
this round-by-round process. From the example in Figure 3, we see that a
\$100 increase in the demand for construction output requires a total
increase of about \$129 in construction output and an increase of \$69
in manufacturing output. Thus the (I-A)^-1^ matrix contains all of the
direct and indirect effects of a change in final demand. The total
economic impact is given by the column sums of the Leontief inverse. In
our example, we find that the total economic impact of a \$1 change in
construction demand is \$1.98; that is, the \$1 gets multiplied by
\$1.98.

The multiplier derived from this example of the I-O model incorporates
both the direct and indirect impacts. By adding to this simple model a
row for payments to labor by the firm (wages) and a column of
expenditure patterns (the marginal propensity to consume each type of
product), the multipliers derived from the Leontief inverse will
incorporate the direct, indirect, and induced impacts. The induced
impacts are additional expenditures resulting from increased earnings by
local residents as a result of the increase in final demand.

IMPLAN modeling software incorporates all of the sectoral impacts
described above. More importantly, the model is calibrated for South
Carolina.

IMPLAN generates three kinds of multipliers:

1.  Output: This measures the total economic activity that takes place
    within the economy.

2.  Income: This is commonly referred to as personal income and includes
    employee compensation and proprietor's income.[^41]

3.  Jobs: Total jobs measured as full time equivalents. The jobs
    multiplier is a multiple of \$1,000,000.

**APPENDIX**

**TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION**

**Estimating the Value of Recyclable Materials Currently Being Disposed
of in Landfills**

**Estimating the Value of Recyclable Materials Currently Being Disposed
of in Landfills**

We define the following variables:

$R_{\text{US}}$= the overall US recycling rate as calculated by the EPA

$R_{\text{SC}}$= the overall SC recycling rate as calculated by DHEC

$r_{i,\text{US}}$= the US recycling rate for material *i* as calculated
by the EPA

$r_{i,\text{SC}}$= the SC recycling rate for material *i*

No public agency directly collects data on $r_{i,\text{SC}}$, so it must
be calculated from other observed data.

The ratio $\frac{R_{\text{SC}}}{R_{\text{US}}}$we call the SC recycling
factor, and assume that this factor is constant across recyclable
materials. Therefore,

$r_{i,\text{SC}} = \frac{R_{\text{SC}}}{R_{\text{US}}} \cdot r_{i,\text{US}}$
(Equation 1)

More definitions:

$\text{rm}_{i}$= the quantity of material *i* recycled in SC (measured
in tons)

$\text{tm}_{i}$= the total quantity of material *i* produced in SC
(measured in tons)

$\text{lm}_{i}$= the quantity of material *i* deposited in landfills in
SC (measured in tons)

$\text{im}_{i}$= the quantity of material *i* incinerated in SC
(measured in tons)

$\text{nm}_{i}$= the quantity of material *i* not recycled (measured in
tons) = $\text{lm}_{i} + \text{im}_{i}$

By the definition of a rate,

$$r_{i,\text{SC}} = \frac{\text{rm}_{i}}{\text{tm}_{i}}$$

which can be re-written as:

$\text{tm}_{i} = \frac{\text{rm}_{i}}{r_{i,\text{SC}}}$ (Equation 2)

The total material produced in SC is disposed of in one of three ways:
it is recycled, it is deposited in landfills, or it is incinerated.
Therefore,

$$\text{tm}_{i} = \text{rm}_{i} + \text{lm}_{i} + \text{im}_{i}$$

or

$\text{tm}_{i} = \text{rm}_{i} + \text{nm}_{i}$ (Equation 3)

Re-arranging equation 3 we find:

$\text{nm}_{i} = \text{tm}_{i} - \text{rm}_{i}$ (Equation 4)

From data produced by DHEC[^42], we know that 93% of non-recycled
material is deposited in landfills. Therefore,

$\text{lm}_{i} = 0\text{.}\text{93}\text{nm}_{i}$ (Equation 5)

Substituting equation 2 into equation 4, we find:

$\text{nm}_{i} = \frac{\text{rm}_{i}}{r_{i,\text{SC}}} - \text{rm}_{i}$
(Equation 6)

Re-arranging equation 6, we find:

$\text{nm}_{i} = \text{rm}_{i}\left( \frac{1}{r_{i,\text{SC}}} - 1 \right)$
(Equation 7)

Substituting equation 6 into equation 5, we find:

$\text{lm}_{i} = 0\text{.}\text{93}\text{rm}_{i}\left( \frac{1}{r_{i,\text{SC}}} - 1 \right)$
(Equation 8)

Finally, substituting equation 1 into equation 8, we find:

$\text{lm}_{i} = 0\text{.}\text{93}\text{rm}_{i}\left( \frac{1}{\frac{R_{\text{SC}}}{R_{\text{US}}} \cdot r_{i,\text{US}}} - 1 \right)$
(Equation 9)

which gives us a calculation for the quantity of material *i* being
deposited in landfills that can be made from known data (i.e., the
quantity of recycled material, the overall US and SC recycling rates and
the US recycling rate for material *i*).

This page intentionally left blank.

**APPENDIX**

**IMPLAN Match**

**North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)**

**U.S. Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) System**

**This appendix details the types of firms reported in the survey and
the match used in evaluating the economic impact**

Industry Match from NAICS to IMPLAN

  -------- ------------------------------------- -------- -----------------------
  NAICS    NAICS Description                     IMPLAN   IMPLAN description

  237310   Highway, Street, and Bridge           39       NEW HIGHWAYS AND
           Construction                                   STREETS

  314999   All Other Miscellaneous Textile       97       TEXTILE GOODS, N.E.C
           Product Mills                                  

  322130   Paperboard Mills                      125      PAPERBOARD MILLS

  326122   Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape    152      MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS
           Manufacturing                                  PRODUCT

  327215   Glass Product Manufacturing Made of   189      GLASS AND GLASS
           Purchased Glass                                PRODUCTS, EXC

  327310   Cement Manufacturing                  191      CEMENT, HYDRAULIC

  331112   Electrometallurgical Ferroalloy       210      ELECTROMETALLURGICAL
           Product Manufacturing                          PRODUCTS

  331511   Iron Foundries                        224      IRON AND STEEL
                                                          FOUNDRIES

  331492   Secondary Smelting, Refining, and     220      PRIMARY NONFERROUS
           Alloying of Nonferrous Metal                   METALS, N.E

  33511    Electric Lamp Bulb and Part           325      ELECTRIC LAMPS
           Manufacturing                                  

  325992   Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and  170      PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT
           Chemical Manufacturing                         

  562      Waste Management and Remediation      460      SANITARY SERVICES
           Services                                       

  423930   Recyclable Material Merchant          390      WHOLESALE TRADE
           Wholesalers                                    

  423320   Brick, Stone, and Related             390      WHOLESALE TRADE
           Construction Material Merchant                 
           Wholesalers                                    
  -------- ------------------------------------- -------- -----------------------

Industry Match from SIC to IMPLAN

  ------ --------------------------------- -------- -------------------------
  SIC    SIC Description                   IMPLAN   IMPLAN description

  1611   Highway and Street Construction,  39       NEW HIGHWAYS AND STREETS
         Except Elevated Highways                   

  2299   Textile Goods, NEC                97       TEXTILE GOODS, N.E.C

  2631   Paperboard Mills                  125      PAPERBOARD MILLS

  3089   Plastics Products, NEC (plastics  152      MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS
         sausage casings)                           PRODUCT

  3231   Glass Products Made of Purchased  189      GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS,
         Glass                                      EXC

  3241   Cement Manufacturing              191      CEMENT, HYDRAULIC

  3313   Electrometallurgical Products,    210      ELECTROMETALLURGICAL
         Except Steel                               PODUCTS

  3321   Gray and Ductile Iron Foundries   224      IRON AND STEEL FOUNDRIES

  3341   Secondary Smelting and Refining   220      PRIMARY NONFERROUS
         of Nonferrous Metals                       METALS, N.E

  3641   Electric lamp (bulb) parts-mfg    325      ELECTRIC LAMPS

  3861   Photographic Equipment and        170      PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT
         Supplies                                   

  4953   Refuse Systems                    460      SANITARY SERVICES

  5093   Recyclable Materials Wholesalers  390      WHOLESALE TRADE
  ------ --------------------------------- -------- -------------------------

The survey instrument allowed respondents to identify their firm by SIC
or NAICS codes. These tables list all of the industry types from the
survey. A total of 28 firms classified themselves using either SIC,
NAICS, or both.

**APPENDIX**

**IMPLAN**

**OUTPUT MULTIPLIERS**

**SOUTH CAROLINA**

Copyright MIG 2006

Type I multipliers = (Direct + Indirect)/Direct

Type II multipliers = (Direct + Indirect + Induced)/ Direct

Example: Sector 32, Water, Sewage, and Other Systems the multiplier is
1.552944. For every \$1 of water or sewage system services produced,
another \$0.159678 is supplied to produce this service (transportation,
utilities, chemicals, and so forth). Wages are paid to the employees in
Sector 32 and to all of the firms that supply inputs to this sector. As
those wages are spent within South Carolina an impact of \$0.393266 is
created. The sum of all of these impacts is \$1.552944.

Description Direct Indirect Induced Total Type I Type II

Effects Effects Effects Effects Multiplier Multiplier

1 Oilseed farming 1.000000 0.349970 0.088575 1.438545 1.349970 1.438545

2 Grain farming 1.000000 0.317024 0.102809 1.419834 1.317024 1.419834

3 Vegetable and melon farming 1.000000 0.173106 0.144982 1.318088
1.173106 1.318088

4 Tree nut farming 1.000000 0.228153 0.160132 1.388285 1.228153 1.388285

5 Fruit farming 1.000000 0.221175 0.226757 1.447932 1.221175 1.447932

6 Greenhouse and nursery production 1.000000 0.098439 0.251645 1.350084
1.098439 1.350084

7 Tobacco farming 1.000000 0.265870 0.109949 1.375819 1.265870 1.375819

8 Cotton farming 1.000000 0.290010 0.191386 1.481396 1.290010 1.481396

9 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

10 All other crop farming 1.000000 0.251111 0.124533 1.375645 1.251111
1.375645

11 Cattle ranching and farming 1.000000 0.454113 0.131291 1.585404
1.454113 1.585404

12 Poultry and egg production 1.000000 0.229445 0.105387 1.334833
1.229445 1.334833

13 Animal production, except cattle and poultry 1.000000 0.325043
0.156616 1.481659 1.325043 1.481659

14 Logging 1.000000 0.397003 0.244286 1.641290 1.397003 1.641290

15 Forest nurseries, forest products, and timber 1.000000 0.335692
0.270916 1.606609 1.335692 1.606609

16 Fishing 1.000000 0.265277 0.545647 1.810924 1.265277 1.810924

17 Hunting and trapping 1.000000 0.425608 0.283480 1.709088 1.425608
1.709088

18 Agriculture and forestry support activities 1.000000 0.184270
0.728393 1.912663 1.184270 1.912663

19 Oil and gas extraction 1.000000 0.237304 0.142855 1.380159 1.237304
1.380159

20 Coal mining 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

21 Iron ore mining 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

22 Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

23 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining 1.000000 0.159806 0.368505
1.528311 1.159806 1.528311

24 Stone mining and quarrying 1.000000 0.191942 0.312953 1.504895
1.191942 1.504895

25 Sand, gravel, clay, and refractory mining 1.000000 0.145924 0.356804
1.502729 1.145924 1.502729

26 Other nonmetallic mineral mining 1.000000 0.209195 0.317598 1.526792
1.209195 1.526792

27 Drilling oil and gas wells 1.000000 0.441179 0.140667 1.581846
1.441179 1.581846

28 Support activities for oil and gas operations 1.000000 0.411944
0.117479 1.529424 1.411944 1.529424

29 Support activities for other mining 1.000000 0.442144 0.152540
1.594684 1.442144 1.594684

30 Power generation and supply 1.000000 0.120119 0.199624 1.319743
1.120119 1.319743

31 Natural gas distribution 1.000000 0.231315 0.153158 1.384472 1.231315
1.384472

32 Water, sewage and other systems 1.000000 0.159678 0.393266 1.552944
1.159678 1.552944

33 New residential 1-unit structures, nonfarm 1.000000 0.424095 0.340993
1.765088 1.424095 1.765088

34 New multifamily housing structures, nonfarm 1.000000 0.323546
0.392541 1.716087 1.323546 1.716087

35 New residential additions and alterations, no 1.000000 0.404324
0.303852 1.708176 1.404324 1.708176

36 New farm housing units and additions and alte 1.000000 0.452088
0.290165 1.742253 1.452088 1.742253

37 Manufacturing and industrial buildings 1.000000 0.229851 0.450581
1.680432 1.229851 1.680432

38 Commercial and institutional buildings 1.000000 0.332939 0.473048
1.805987 1.332939 1.805987

39 Highway, street, bridge, and tunnel construct 1.000000 0.276211
0.420134 1.696345 1.276211 1.696345

40 Water, sewer, and pipeline construction 1.000000 0.270515 0.388686
1.659201 1.270515 1.659201

41 Other new construction 1.000000 0.306460 0.440622 1.747082 1.306460
1.747082

42 Maintenance and repair of farm and nonfarm re 1.000000 0.402329
0.302673 1.705002 1.402329 1.705002

43 Maintenance and repair of nonresidential buildings 1.000000 0.330156
0.470484 1.800640 1.330156 1.800640

44 Maintenance and repair of highways, streets, 1.000000 0.410546
0.313885 1.724431 1.410546 1.724431

45 Other maintenance and repair construction 1.000000 0.280908 0.453810
1.734718 1.280908 1.734718

46 Dog and cat food manufacturing 1.000000 0.357919 0.164071 1.521990
1.357919 1.521990

47 Other animal food manufacturing 1.000000 0.350531 0.138312 1.488844
1.350531 1.488844

48 Flour milling 1.000000 0.357090 0.181004 1.538095 1.357090 1.538095

49 Rice milling 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

50 Malt manufacturing 1.000000 0.438736 0.174351 1.613087 1.438736
1.613088

51 Wet corn milling 1.000000 0.404385 0.165383 1.569768 1.404385
1.569768

52 Soybean processing 1.000000 0.318261 0.116731 1.434992 1.318261
1.434992

53 Other oilseed processing 1.000000 0.373730 0.176611 1.550341 1.373730
1.550341

54 Fats and oils refining and blending 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

55 Breakfast cereal manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

56 Sugar manufacturing 1.000000 0.309815 0.112848 1.422663 1.309815
1.422663

57 Confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

58 Confectionery manufacturing from purchased chocolate 1.000000
0.321285 0.191226 1.512512 1.321285 1.512512

59 Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing 1.000000 0.304479 0.201685
1.506164 1.304479 1.506164

60 Frozen food manufacturing 1.000000 0.331476 0.229748 1.561223
1.331476 1.561223

61 Fruit and vegetable canning and drying 1.000000 0.318805 0.197496
1.516301 1.318805 1.516301

62 Fluid milk manufacturing 1.000000 0.529729 0.163711 1.693440 1.529729
1.693440

63 Creamery butter manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

64 Cheese manufacturing 1.000000 0.475723 0.123291 1.599013 1.475723
1.599013

65 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products 1.000000 0.415056
0.147785 1.562841 1.415056 1.562841

66 Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing 1.000000 0.472149 0.168247
1.640397 1.472149 1.640396

67 Animal, except poultry, slaughtering 1.000000 0.573532 0.153362
1.726894 1.573532 1.726894

68 Meat processed from carcasses 1.000000 0.583202 0.239676 1.822878
1.583202 1.822878

69 Rendering and meat byproduct processing 1.000000 0.435721 0.230539
1.666260 1.435721 1.666260

70 Poultry processing 1.000000 0.790493 0.258114 2.048607 1.790493
2.048607

71 Seafood product preparation and packaging 1.000000 0.288909 0.226569
1.515478 1.288909 1.515478

72 Frozen cakes and other pastries manufacturing 1.000000 0.379577
0.179014 1.558591 1.379577 1.558591

73 Bread and bakery product, except frozen, manufacturing 1.000000
0.213551 0.311786 1.525336 1.213551 1.525337

74 Cookie and cracker manufacturing 1.000000 0.226952 0.195077 1.422029
1.226952 1.422029

75 Mixes and dough made from purchased flour 1.000000 0.260209 0.186430
1.446639 1.260209 1.446639

76 Dry pasta manufacturing 1.000000 0.199526 0.276764 1.476290 1.199526
1.476290

77 Tortilla manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000

78 Roasted nuts and peanut butter manufacturing 1.000000 0.284692
0.113926 1.398618 1.284692 1.398618

79 Other snack food manufacturing 1.000000 0.360051 0.190047 1.550098
1.360051 1.550098

80 Coffee and tea manufacturing 1.000000 0.565703 0.173618 1.739320
1.565703 1.739320

81 Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

82 Mayonnaise, dressing, and sauce manufacturing 1.000000 0.383268
0.172773 1.556041 1.383268 1.556041

83 Spice and extract manufacturing 1.000000 0.353439 0.191900 1.545339
1.353439 1.545339

84 All other food manufacturing 1.000000 0.432226 0.174464 1.606690
1.432226 1.606690

85 Soft drink and ice manufacturing 1.000000 0.303204 0.229499 1.532704
1.303204 1.532704

86 Breweries 1.000000 0.160838 0.164246 1.325084 1.160838 1.325084

87 Wineries 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

88 Distilleries 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

89 Tobacco stemming and redrying 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

90 Cigarette manufacturing 1.000000 0.168346 0.119413 1.287759 1.168346
1.287759

91 Other tobacco product manufacturing 1.000000 0.245405 0.140228
1.385633 1.245405 1.385633

92 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills 1.000000 0.275889 0.232288 1.508176
1.275889 1.508176

93 Broadwoven fabric mills 1.000000 0.310219 0.333990 1.644210 1.310219
1.644210

94 Narrow fabric mills and schiffli embroidery 1.000000 0.249956
0.345090 1.595045 1.249956 1.595045

95 Nonwoven fabric mills 1.000000 0.315465 0.201520 1.516985 1.315465
1.516985

96 Knit fabric mills 1.000000 0.373402 0.252249 1.625651 1.373402
1.625651

97 Textile and fabric finishing mills 1.000000 0.414383 0.308991
1.723374 1.414383 1.723374

98 Fabric coating mills 1.000000 0.342034 0.294060 1.636094 1.342034
1.636094

99 Carpet and rug mills 1.000000 0.305572 0.215971 1.521543 1.305572
1.521543

100 Curtain and linen mills 1.000000 0.357151 0.275155 1.632306 1.357151
1.632306

101 Textile bag and canvas mills 1.000000 0.340014 0.371110 1.711125
1.340014 1.711125

102 Tire cord and tire fabric mills 1.000000 0.244939 0.192142 1.437081
1.244939 1.437081

103 Other miscellaneous textile product mills 1.000000 0.348265 0.283624
1.631889 1.348265 1.631889

104 Sheer hosiery mills 1.000000 0.202415 0.465758 1.668173 1.202415
1.668173

105 Other hosiery and sock mills 1.000000 0.395875 0.311376 1.707252
1.395875 1.707252

106 Other apparel knitting mills 1.000000 0.282694 0.389787 1.672481
1.282694 1.672481

107 Cut and sew apparel manufacturing 1.000000 0.268288 0.274556
1.542844 1.268288 1.542844

108 Accessories and other apparel manufacturing 1.000000 0.234235
0.345756 1.579991 1.234235 1.579991

109 Leather and hide tanning and finishing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

110 Footwear manufacturing 1.000000 0.298327 0.278462 1.576790 1.298327
1.576790

111 Other leather product manufacturing 1.000000 0.081366 0.352894
1.434260 1.081366 1.434260

112 Sawmills 1.000000 0.673849 0.300453 1.974302 1.673849 1.974302

113 Wood preservation 1.000000 0.838873 0.260832 2.099705 1.838873
2.099705

114 Reconstituted wood product manufacturing 1.000000 0.474012 0.231257
1.705269 1.474012 1.705269

115 Veneer and plywood manufacturing 1.000000 0.743364 0.346062 2.089426
1.743364 2.089427

116 Engineered wood member and truss manufacturing 1.000000 0.480973
0.321189 1.802162 1.480973 1.802162

117 Wood windows and door manufacturing 1.000000 0.487553 0.321110
1.808663 1.487553 1.808663

118 Cut stock, resawing lumber, and planing 1.000000 0.814056 0.238344
2.052400 1.814056 2.052400

119 Other millwork, including flooring 1.000000 0.512250 0.426248
1.938498 1.512250 1.938498

120 Wood container and pallet manufacturing 1.000000 0.538872 0.382026
1.920898 1.538872 1.920898

121 Manufactured home, mobile home, manufacturing 1.000000 0.292241
0.305286 1.597527 1.292241 1.597527

122 Prefabricated wood building manufacturing 1.000000 0.498986 0.324231
1.823218 1.498986 1.823218

123 Miscellaneous wood product manufacturing 1.000000 0.555393 0.286557
1.841949 1.555393 1.841949

124 Pulp mills 1.000000 0.800456 0.223668 2.024124 1.800456 2.024124

125 Paper and paperboard mills 1.000000 0.442733 0.248210 1.690943
1.442733 1.690943

126 Paperboard container manufacturing 1.000000 0.190535 0.278298
1.468833 1.190535 1.468833

127 Flexible packaging foil manufacturing 1.000000 0.608610 0.164273
1.772883 1.608610 1.772883

128 Surface-coated paperboard manufacturing 1.000000 0.366036 0.231661
1.597697 1.366036 1.597697

129 Coated and laminated paper and packaging mate 1.000000 0.283474
0.277413 1.560887 1.283474 1.560887

130 Coated and uncoated paper bag manufacturing 1.000000 0.226815
0.417727 1.644542 1.226815 1.644542

131 Die-cut paper office supplies manufacturing 1.000000 0.260198
0.276033 1.536231 1.260198 1.536231

132 Envelope manufacturing 1.000000 0.280252 0.364947 1.645198 1.280252
1.645198

133 Stationery and related product manufacturing 1.000000 0.238946
0.224686 1.463632 1.238946 1.463632

134 Sanitary paper product manufacturing 1.000000 0.268759 0.292417
1.561177 1.268759 1.561177

135 All other converted paper product manufacturing 1.000000 0.258451
0.267254 1.525705 1.258451 1.525705

136 Manifold business forms printing 1.000000 0.150492 0.298759 1.449251
1.150492 1.449251

137 Books printing 1.000000 0.228433 0.350556 1.578990 1.228433 1.578990

138 Blankbook and looseleaf binder manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

139 Commercial printing 1.000000 0.261474 0.341066 1.602540 1.261474
1.602540

140 Tradebinding and related work 1.000000 0.284979 0.372434 1.657413
1.284979 1.657413

141 Prepress services 1.000000 0.101362 0.610626 1.711988 1.101362
1.711988

142 Petroleum refineries 1.000000 0.260412 0.084992 1.345404 1.260412
1.345404

143 Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing 1.000000 0.297128
0.206778 1.503906 1.297128 1.503906

144 Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing 1.000000
0.318608 0.252823 1.571431 1.318608 1.571431

145 Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing 1.000000 0.325622
0.203197 1.528819 1.325622 1.528819

146 All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing 1.000000
0.291129 0.126347 1.417476 1.291129 1.417476

147 Petrochemical manufacturing 1.000000 0.354989 0.133666 1.488655
1.354989 1.488655

148 Industrial gas manufacturing 1.000000 0.180601 0.391258 1.571858
1.180601 1.571858

149 Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing 1.000000 0.312377 0.308375
1.620751 1.312377 1.620751

150 Other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing 1.000000 0.333662
0.276036 1.609698 1.333662 1.609698

151 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing 1.000000 0.457347
0.161611 1.618957 1.457347 1.618957

152 Plastics material and resin manufacturing 1.000000 0.373436 0.172597
1.546034 1.373436 1.546034

153 Synthetic rubber manufacturing 1.000000 0.311345 0.229339 1.540684
1.311345 1.540684

154 Cellulosic organic fiber manufacturing 1.000000 0.294382 0.347634
1.642016 1.294382 1.642016

155 Noncellulosic organic fiber manufacturing 1.000000 0.347701 0.307388
1.655089 1.347701 1.655089

156 Nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing 1.000000 0.279398 0.225996
1.505394 1.279398 1.505394

157 Phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing 1.000000 0.495389 0.236044
1.731433 1.495389 1.731433

158 Fertilizer, mixing only, manufacturing 1.000000 0.366083 0.181208
1.547290 1.366083 1.547290

159 Pesticide and other agricultural chemical man 1.000000 0.311303
0.225719 1.537022 1.311303 1.537022

160 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing 1.000000 0.367688 0.202563
1.570251 1.367688 1.570251

161 Paint and coating manufacturing 1.000000 0.340277 0.224867 1.565145
1.340277 1.565145

162 Adhesive manufacturing 1.000000 0.317460 0.266162 1.583622 1.317460
1.583622

163 Soap and other detergent manufacturing 1.000000 0.403079 0.199755
1.602833 1.403079 1.602833

164 Polish and other sanitation good manufacturing 1.000000 0.294988
0.262909 1.557898 1.294988 1.557898

165 Surface active agent manufacturing 1.000000 0.561947 0.195115
1.757062 1.561947 1.757062

166 Toilet preparation manufacturing 1.000000 0.346983 0.178524 1.525507
1.346983 1.525507

167 Printing ink manufacturing 1.000000 0.348754 0.267888 1.616642
1.348754 1.616642

168 Explosives manufacturing 1.000000 0.297303 0.292212 1.589515
1.297303 1.589515

169 Custom compounding of purchased resins 1.000000 0.338008 0.237747
1.575754 1.338008 1.575754

170 Photographic film and chemical manufacturing 1.000000 0.309299
0.280369 1.589667 1.309299 1.589667

171 Other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing 1.000000 0.365697
0.279932 1.645629 1.365697 1.645629

172 Plastics packaging materials, film and sheet 1.000000 0.307230
0.220235 1.527465 1.307230 1.527465

173 Plastics pipe, fittings, and profile shapes 1.000000 0.277599
0.264054 1.541654 1.277599 1.541654

174 Laminated plastics plate, sheet, and shapes 1.000000 0.190973
0.461993 1.652966 1.190973 1.652966

175 Plastics bottle manufacturing 1.000000 0.292615 0.246277 1.538892
1.292615 1.538892

176 Resilient floor covering manufacturing 1.000000 0.164519 0.295628
1.460147 1.164519 1.460147

177 Plastics plumbing fixtures and all other plastics 1.000000 0.333716
0.252127 1.585844 1.333716 1.585844

178 Foam product manufacturing 1.000000 0.332251 0.233451 1.565702
1.332251 1.565702

179 Tire manufacturing 1.000000 0.200063 0.317882 1.517945 1.200063
1.517945

180 Rubber and plastics hose and belting manufacturing 1.000000 0.226228
0.294086 1.520314 1.226228 1.520314

181 Other rubber product manufacturing 1.000000 0.263065 0.258054
1.521118 1.263065 1.521119

182 Vitreous china plumbing fixture manufacturing 1.000000 0.193592
0.391896 1.585488 1.193592 1.585488

183 Vitreous china and earthenware articles manufacturing 1.000000
0.190987 0.477875 1.668862 1.190987 1.668862

184 Porcelain electrical supply manufacturing 1.000000 0.293123 0.396667
1.689789 1.293123 1.689789

185 Brick and structural clay tile manufacturing 1.000000 0.308019
0.336107 1.644125 1.308019 1.644125

186 Ceramic wall and floor tile manufacturing 1.000000 0.234809 0.469680
1.704488 1.234809 1.704489

187 Nonclay refractory manufacturing 1.000000 0.222274 0.362794 1.585068
1.222274 1.585068

188 Clay refractory and other structural clay pro 1.000000 0.401836
0.258815 1.660651 1.401836 1.660651

189 Glass container manufacturing 1.000000 0.304729 0.291957 1.596686
1.304729 1.596686

190 Glass and glass products, except glass containers 1.000000 0.331972
0.338904 1.670876 1.331972 1.670876

191 Cement manufacturing 1.000000 0.278094 0.189525 1.467619 1.278094
1.467619

192 Ready-mix concrete manufacturing 1.000000 0.264477 0.300662 1.565138
1.264477 1.565138

193 Concrete block and brick manufacturing 1.000000 0.288683 0.291331
1.580014 1.288683 1.580014

194 Concrete pipe manufacturing 1.000000 0.272561 0.255211 1.527772
1.272561 1.527771

195 Other concrete product manufacturing 1.000000 0.223383 0.333640
1.557023 1.223383 1.557023

196 Lime manufacturing 1.000000 0.360998 0.243446 1.604444 1.360998
1.604444

197 Gypsum product manufacturing 1.000000 0.290002 0.220477 1.510480
1.290002 1.510480

198 Abrasive product manufacturing 1.000000 0.337258 0.211581 1.548840
1.337258 1.548840

199 Cut stone and stone product manufacturing 1.000000 0.312614 0.367974
1.680588 1.312614 1.680588

200 Ground or treated minerals and earths manufacturing 1.000000
0.230266 0.159619 1.389885 1.230266 1.389885

201 Mineral wool manufacturing 1.000000 0.287712 0.295138 1.582851
1.287712 1.582851

202 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 1.000000 0.199139
0.317032 1.516171 1.199139 1.516171

203 Iron and steel mills 1.000000 0.353194 0.212348 1.565542 1.353194
1.565542

204 Ferroalloy and related product manufacturing 1.000000 0.266499
0.227234 1.493733 1.266499 1.493733

205 Iron, steel pipe and tube from purchased steel 1.000000 0.217394
0.216481 1.433875 1.217394 1.433875

206 Rolled steel shape manufacturing 1.000000 0.219108 0.291693 1.510801
1.219108 1.510801

207 Steel wire drawing 1.000000 0.271764 0.149248 1.421012 1.271764
1.421012

208 Alumina refining 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000

209 Primary aluminum production 1.000000 0.352349 0.243895 1.596244
1.352349 1.596244

210 Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum 1.000000 0.402214
0.166791 1.569005 1.402214 1.569005

211 Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil manufacturing 1.000000 0.209121
0.138166 1.347287 1.209121 1.347287

212 Aluminum extruded product manufacturing 1.000000 0.150896 0.215143
1.366039 1.150896 1.366039

213 Other aluminum rolling and drawing 1.000000 0.128994 0.222859
1.351853 1.128994 1.351853

214 Primary smelting and refining of copper 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

215 Primary nonferrous metal, except copper and a 1.000000 0.246614
0.152408 1.399022 1.246614 1.399022

216 Copper rolling, drawing, and extruding 1.000000 0.205802 0.159987
1.365789 1.205802 1.365789

217 Copper wire, except mechanical, drawing 1.000000 0.256613 0.344871
1.601483 1.256613 1.601483

218 Secondary processing of copper 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

219 Nonferrous metal, except copper and aluminum, 1.000000 0.215099
0.228745 1.443843 1.215099 1.443843

220 Secondary processing of other nonferrous 1.000000 0.362715 0.239239
1.601954 1.362715 1.601954

221 Ferrous metal foundaries 1.000000 0.239029 0.404217 1.643246
1.239029 1.643245

222 Aluminum foundries 1.000000 0.252237 0.290169 1.542406 1.252237
1.542406

223 Nonferrous foundries, except aluminum 1.000000 0.237535 0.275900
1.513435 1.237535 1.513435

224 Iron and steel forging 1.000000 0.198824 0.335129 1.533953 1.198824
1.533953

225 Nonferrous forging 1.000000 0.167613 0.243596 1.411209 1.167613
1.411209

226 Custom roll forming 1.000000 0.269209 0.126019 1.395228 1.269209
1.395228

227 All other forging and stamping 1.000000 0.254280 0.290781 1.545061
1.254280 1.545061

228 Cutlery and flatware, except precious, manufacturing 1.000000
0.209447 0.266842 1.476289 1.209447 1.476289

229 Hand and edge tool manufacturing 1.000000 0.265143 0.300183 1.565326
1.265143 1.565325

230 Saw blade and handsaw manufacturing 1.000000 0.265628 0.256282
1.521910 1.265628 1.521910

231 Kitchen utensil, pot, and pan manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

232 Prefabricated metal buildings and components 1.000000 0.227094
0.266981 1.494076 1.227094 1.494076

233 Fabricated structural metal manufacturing 1.000000 0.197663 0.240494
1.438156 1.197663 1.438156

234 Plate work manufacturing 1.000000 0.135505 0.446794 1.582299
1.135505 1.582299

235 Metal window and door manufacturing 1.000000 0.222818 0.279062
1.501880 1.222818 1.501880

236 Sheet metal work manufacturing 1.000000 0.189840 0.273218 1.463058
1.189840 1.463058

237 Ornamental and architectural metal work manufacturing 1.000000
0.200708 0.310113 1.510822 1.200708 1.510822

238 Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing 1.000000 0.200434
0.310720 1.511155 1.200434 1.511155

239 Metal tank, heavy gauge, manufacturing 1.000000 0.249638 0.260959
1.510598 1.249638 1.510598

240 Metal can, box, and other container manufacturing 1.000000 0.211432
0.207789 1.419220 1.211432 1.419220

241 Hardware manufacturing 1.000000 0.233665 0.205848 1.439513 1.233665
1.439513

242 Spring and wire product manufacturing 1.000000 0.191550 0.319293
1.510843 1.191550 1.510843

243 Machine shops 1.000000 0.254909 0.378348 1.633257 1.254909 1.633257

244 Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing 1.000000
0.255072 0.285447 1.540519 1.255072 1.540519

245 Metal heat treating 1.000000 0.323662 0.284707 1.608370 1.323662
1.608370

246 Metal coating and nonprecious engraving 1.000000 0.253111 0.247865
1.500976 1.253111 1.500976

247 Electroplating, anodizing, and coloring metal 1.000000 0.218329
0.480995 1.699324 1.218329 1.699324

248 Metal valve manufacturing 1.000000 0.216572 0.253459 1.470031
1.216572 1.470031

249 Ball and roller bearing manufacturing 1.000000 0.259072 0.358104
1.617176 1.259072 1.617176

250 Small arms manufacturing 1.000000 0.196831 0.311766 1.508597
1.196831 1.508597

251 Other ordnance and accessories manufacturing 1.000000 0.331032
0.228140 1.559172 1.331032 1.559172

252 Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing 1.000000 0.172627
0.349983 1.522610 1.172627 1.522610

253 Industrial pattern manufacturing 1.000000 0.190592 0.517934 1.708526
1.190592 1.708526

254 Enameled iron and metal sanitary ware manufacturing 1.000000
0.188260 0.355726 1.543986 1.188260 1.543986

255 Miscellaneous fabricated metal product manufacturing 1.000000
0.242201 0.236640 1.478841 1.242201 1.478842

256 Ammunition manufacturing 1.000000 0.319770 0.246185 1.565955
1.319770 1.565955

257 Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.278815
0.229439 1.508254 1.278815 1.508254

258 Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.358257 0.181291
1.539548 1.358257 1.539548

259 Construction machinery manufacturing 1.000000 0.310236 0.192235
1.502471 1.310236 1.502471

260 Mining machinery and equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.219307
0.281752 1.501059 1.219307 1.501059

261 Oil and gas field machinery and equipment 1.000000 0.346582 0.171121
1.517703 1.346582 1.517702

262 Sawmill and woodworking machinery 1.000000 0.325024 0.274420
1.599444 1.325024 1.599444

263 Plastics and rubber industry machinery 1.000000 0.290836 0.276163
1.566999 1.290836 1.566999

264 Paper industry machinery manufacturing 1.000000 0.331096 0.333815
1.664911 1.331096 1.664911

265 Textile machinery manufacturing 1.000000 0.275542 0.343503 1.619045
1.275542 1.619045

266 Printing machinery and equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.335304
0.271239 1.606543 1.335304 1.606543

267 Food product machinery manufacturing 1.000000 0.340598 0.283975
1.624573 1.340598 1.624573

268 Semiconductor machinery manufacturing 1.000000 0.347853 0.209016
1.556869 1.347853 1.556869

269 All other industrial machinery manufacturing 1.000000 0.324459
0.265502 1.589960 1.324459 1.589960

270 Office machinery manufacturing 1.000000 0.400933 0.181647 1.582580
1.400933 1.582580

271 Optical instrument and lens manufacturing 1.000000 0.335503 0.371160
1.706663 1.335503 1.706663

272 Photographic and photocopying equipment manufacturing 1.000000
0.281472 0.298755 1.580227 1.281472 1.580227

273 Other commercial and service industry machine 1.000000 0.352721
0.269672 1.622393 1.352721 1.622393

274 Automatic vending, commercial laundry and dry 1.000000 0.332869
0.262529 1.595398 1.332869 1.595398

275 Air purification equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.226831 0.321037
1.547868 1.226831 1.547868

276 Industrial and commercial fan and blower manufacturing 1.000000
0.236127 0.301518 1.537646 1.236127 1.537646

277 Heating equipment, except warm air furnaces 1.000000 0.212885
0.256303 1.469188 1.212885 1.469188

278 AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating 1.000000 0.272089 0.240861
1.512950 1.272089 1.512950

279 Industrial mold manufacturing 1.000000 0.271486 0.434026 1.705512
1.271486 1.705512

280 Metal cutting machine tool manufacturing 1.000000 0.258917 0.376273
1.635190 1.258917 1.635190

281 Metal forming machine tool manufacturing 1.000000 0.238142 0.369130
1.607272 1.238142 1.607272

282 Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing 1.000000 0.239497
0.508409 1.747907 1.239497 1.747907

283 Cutting tool and machine tool accessory manufacturing 1.000000
0.287652 0.339940 1.627592 1.287652 1.627592

284 Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery 1.000000 0.337025
0.293676 1.630701 1.337025 1.630701

285 Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing 1.000000
0.307706 0.172035 1.479741 1.307706 1.479741

286 Other engine equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.315235 0.191412
1.506647 1.315235 1.506647

287 Speed changers and mechanical power transmissions 1.000000 0.267014
0.338984 1.605998 1.267014 1.605998

288 Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.260882 0.250960
1.511842 1.260882 1.511842

289 Air and gas compressor manufacturing 1.000000 0.314891 0.181913
1.496804 1.314891 1.496804

290 Measuring and dispensing pump manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

291 Elevator and moving stairway manufacturing 1.000000 0.313388
0.244407 1.557796 1.313388 1.557796

292 Conveyor and conveying equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.275278
0.311125 1.586403 1.275278 1.586403

293 Overhead cranes, hoists, and monorail systems 1.000000 0.271031
0.237944 1.508974 1.271031 1.508974

294 Industrial truck, trailer, and stacker manufacturing 1.000000
0.340468 0.292882 1.633350 1.340468 1.633350

295 Power-driven handtool manufacturing 1.000000 0.303265 0.275892
1.579158 1.303265 1.579158

296 Welding and soldering equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.288053
0.258918 1.546970 1.288053 1.546970

297 Packaging machinery manufacturing 1.000000 0.351299 0.313411
1.664710 1.351299 1.664710

298 Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing 1.000000 0.198691
0.375074 1.573766 1.198691 1.573766

299 Fluid power cylinder and actuator manufacturing 1.000000 0.251561
0.302410 1.553971 1.251561 1.553971

300 Fluid power pump and motor manufacturing 1.000000 0.255034 0.319800
1.574835 1.255034 1.574835

301 Scales, balances, and miscellaneous general p 1.000000 0.279979
0.255961 1.535940 1.279979 1.535940

302 Electronic computer manufacturing 1.000000 0.318952 0.198733
1.517685 1.318952 1.517685

303 Computer storage device manufacturing 1.000000 0.322124 0.178856
1.500980 1.322124 1.500980

304 Computer terminal manufacturing 1.000000 0.373716 0.240888 1.614604
1.373716 1.614604

305 Other computer peripheral equipment v 1.000000 0.374204 0.273237
1.647441 1.374204 1.647441

306 Telephone apparatus manufacturing 1.000000 0.355992 0.235710
1.591702 1.355992 1.591702

307 Broadcast and wireless communications equipment 1.000000 0.355832
0.212172 1.568004 1.355832 1.568004

308 Other communications equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.345049
0.350875 1.695924 1.345049 1.695924

309 Audio and video equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.439955 0.297855
1.737810 1.439955 1.737810

310 Electron tube manufacturing 1.000000 0.374196 0.489397 1.863592
1.374196 1.863592

311 Semiconductors and related device manufacturing 1.000000 0.409803
0.254565 1.664368 1.409803 1.664368

312 All other electronic component manufacturing 1.000000 0.347633
0.313601 1.661235 1.347633 1.661235

313 Electromedical apparatus manufacturing 1.000000 0.431232 0.280338
1.711570 1.431232 1.711570

314 Search, detection, and navigation instruments 1.000000 0.316999
0.353655 1.670654 1.316999 1.670654

315 Automatic environmental control manufacturing 1.000000 0.224602
0.441576 1.666179 1.224602 1.666179

316 Industrial process variable instruments 1.000000 0.258188 0.453295
1.711483 1.258188 1.711483

317 Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices 1.000000 0.378995
0.227804 1.606799 1.378995 1.606799

318 Electricity and signal testing instruments 1.000000 0.309614
0.285480 1.595094 1.309614 1.595094

319 Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing 1.000000 0.338444
0.348528 1.686972 1.338444 1.686972

320 Irradiation apparatus manufacturing 1.000000 0.435110 0.160038
1.595148 1.435110 1.595148

321 Watch, clock, and other measuring and control 1.000000 0.349278
0.332223 1.681501 1.349278 1.681501

322 Software reproducing 1.000000 0.190014 0.498127 1.688141 1.190014
1.688141

323 Audio and video media reproduction 1.000000 0.357322 0.264327
1.621649 1.357322 1.621649

324 Magnetic and optical recording media manufacturing 1.000000 0.427902
0.236670 1.664573 1.427902 1.664573

325 Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing 1.000000 0.325668 0.361222
1.686891 1.325668 1.686891

326 Lighting fixture manufacturing 1.000000 0.225605 0.284976 1.510580
1.225605 1.510580

327 Electric housewares and household fan manufacturing 1.000000
0.258629 0.266091 1.524720 1.258629 1.524720

328 Household vacuum cleaner manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

329 Household cooking appliance manufacturing 1.000000 0.275949 0.203848
1.479797 1.275949 1.479797

330 Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing 1.000000
0.326790 0.240508 1.567298 1.326790 1.567298

331 Household laundry equipment manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

332 Other major household appliance manufacturing 1.000000 0.339348
0.221865 1.561213 1.339348 1.561213

333 Electric power and specialty transformer manufacturing 1.000000
0.251082 0.311021 1.562103 1.251082 1.562103

334 Motor and generator manufacturing 1.000000 0.216358 0.306281
1.522639 1.216358 1.522639

335 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing 1.000000 0.177567
0.287589 1.465156 1.177567 1.465155

336 Relay and industrial control manufacturing 1.000000 0.345072
0.299498 1.644569 1.345072 1.644569

337 Storage battery manufacturing 1.000000 0.245086 0.314045 1.559131
1.245086 1.559131

338 Primary battery manufacturing 1.000000 0.159469 0.245900 1.405369
1.159469 1.405369

339 Fiber optic cable manufacturing 1.000000 0.305660 0.389295 1.694956
1.305660 1.694956

340 Other communication and energy wire manufacturing 1.000000 0.285915
0.122041 1.407956 1.285915 1.407956

341 Wiring device manufacturing 1.000000 0.149312 0.304074 1.453386
1.149312 1.453386

342 Carbon and graphite product manufacturing 1.000000 0.182824 0.247621
1.430445 1.182824 1.430445

343 Miscellaneous electrical equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.449030
0.278389 1.727419 1.449030 1.727419

344 Automobile and light truck manufacturing 1.000000 0.406909 0.155798
1.562707 1.406909 1.562707

345 Heavy duty truck manufacturing 1.000000 0.409888 0.167970 1.577858
1.409888 1.577858

346 Motor vehicle body manufacturing 1.000000 0.292440 0.261893 1.554333
1.292440 1.554333

347 Truck trailer manufacturing 1.000000 0.323096 0.265736 1.588832
1.323096 1.588832

348 Motor home manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

349 Travel trailer and camper manufacturing 1.000000 0.270387 0.265357
1.535744 1.270387 1.535744

350 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing 1.000000 0.301971 0.222585
1.524555 1.301971 1.524555

351 Aircraft manufacturing 1.000000 0.181466 0.456032 1.637498 1.181466
1.637498

352 Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing 1.000000 0.189652
0.333269 1.522920 1.189652 1.522920

353 Other aircraft parts and equipment 1.000000 0.194567 0.388902
1.583469 1.194567 1.583469

354 Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

355 Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles 1.000000 0.374343
0.412335 1.786678 1.374343 1.786678

356 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing 1.000000 0.203526 0.291283
1.494809 1.203526 1.494809

357 Ship building and repairing 1.000000 0.237355 0.481842 1.719197
1.237355 1.719198

358 Boat building 1.000000 0.198684 0.320102 1.518786 1.198684 1.518786

359 Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing 1.000000 0.302382
0.264854 1.567236 1.302382 1.567236

360 Military armored vehicles and tank parts manufacturing 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

361 All other transportation equipment manufacturing 1.000000 0.269473
0.170548 1.440021 1.269473 1.440021

362 Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing 1.000000 0.445164
0.390946 1.836110 1.445164 1.836110

363 Upholstered household furniture manufacturing 1.000000 0.455174
0.369505 1.824680 1.455174 1.824680

364 Nonupholstered wood household furniture manufacturing 1.000000
0.520002 0.306191 1.826193 1.520002 1.826193

365 Metal household furniture manufacturing 1.000000 0.350562 0.233187
1.583749 1.350562 1.583749

366 Institutional furniture manufacturing 1.000000 0.356462 0.303661
1.660123 1.356462 1.660123

367 Other household and institutional furniture 1.000000 0.302250
0.368939 1.671189 1.302250 1.671189

368 Wood office furniture manufacturing 1.000000 0.327759 0.434636
1.762395 1.327759 1.762395

369 Custom architectural woodwork and millwork 1.000000 0.585799
0.227994 1.813794 1.585799 1.813794

370 Office furniture, except wood, manufacturing 1.000000 0.370219
0.233717 1.603935 1.370219 1.603935

371 Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers 1.000000 0.286473
0.361077 1.647550 1.286473 1.647550

372 Mattress manufacturing 1.000000 0.389844 0.272620 1.662464 1.389844
1.662464

373 Blind and shade manufacturing 1.000000 0.280694 0.282605 1.563299
1.280694 1.563299

374 Laboratory apparatus and furniture manufacturing 1.000000 0.590924
0.299958 1.890882 1.590924 1.890882

375 Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing 1.000000 0.275244
0.396932 1.672176 1.275244 1.672176

376 Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing 1.000000 0.363663
0.286409 1.650072 1.363663 1.650072

377 Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing 1.000000 0.318899
0.253975 1.572874 1.318899 1.572874

378 Ophthalmic goods manufacturing 1.000000 0.220083 0.423653 1.643736
1.220083 1.643736

379 Dental laboratories 1.000000 0.143649 0.591206 1.734854 1.143649
1.734854

380 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing 1.000000 0.182370 0.233979
1.416349 1.182370 1.416349

381 Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing 1.000000 0.322917 0.334157
1.657074 1.322917 1.657074

382 Doll, toy, and game manufacturing 1.000000 0.236579 0.334612
1.571191 1.236579 1.571191

383 Office supplies, except paper, manufacturing 1.000000 0.205109
0.393066 1.598175 1.205109 1.598175

384 Sign manufacturing 1.000000 0.355032 0.372273 1.727305 1.355032
1.727305

385 Gasket, packing, and sealing device manufacturing 1.000000 0.187898
0.413760 1.601658 1.187898 1.601658

386 Musical instrument manufacturing 1.000000 0.299503 0.402815 1.702318
1.299503 1.702318

387 Broom, brush, and mop manufacturing 1.000000 0.313794 0.307191
1.620985 1.313794 1.620985

388 Burial casket manufacturing 1.000000 0.148373 0.343526 1.491899
1.148373 1.491899

389 Buttons, pins, and all other miscellaneous ma 1.000000 0.311305
0.249781 1.561085 1.311305 1.561085

390 Wholesale trade 1.000000 0.160421 0.368410 1.528831 1.160421
1.528831

391 Air transportation 1.000000 0.454142 0.309997 1.764139 1.454142
1.764139

392 Rail transportation 1.000000 0.219591 0.354928 1.574519 1.219591
1.574519

393 Water transportation 1.000000 0.521266 0.234099 1.755365 1.521266
1.755365

394 Truck transportation 1.000000 0.447625 0.399562 1.847186 1.447625
1.847186

395 Transit and ground passenger transportation 1.000000 0.292148
0.351446 1.643594 1.292148 1.643594

396 Pipeline transportation 1.000000 0.331137 0.250068 1.581205 1.331137
1.581205

397 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and sup 1.000000 0.307158
0.477879 1.785037 1.307158 1.785037

398 Postal service 1.000000 0.122696 0.714071 1.836767 1.122696 1.836767

399 Couriers and messengers 1.000000 0.291663 0.419321 1.710984 1.291663
1.710984

400 Warehousing and storage 1.000000 0.248355 0.478352 1.726708 1.248355
1.726708

401 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 1.000000 0.151444 0.420680 1.572124
1.151444 1.572124

402 Furniture and home furnishings stores 1.000000 0.163198 0.383740
1.546937 1.163198 1.546937

403 Electronics and appliance stores 1.000000 0.140037 0.460236 1.600273
1.140037 1.600273

404 Building material and garden supply stores 1.000000 0.133559
0.384162 1.517721 1.133559 1.517721

405 Food and beverage stores 1.000000 0.151108 0.413863 1.564971
1.151108 1.564971

406 Health and personal care stores 1.000000 0.165746 0.410149 1.575895
1.165746 1.575895

407 Gasoline stations 1.000000 0.168994 0.392052 1.561046 1.168994
1.561046

408 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 1.000000 0.140654 0.364107
1.504760 1.140654 1.504760

409 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 1.000000 0.137165
0.422155 1.559320 1.137165 1.559320

410 General merchandise stores 1.000000 0.133059 0.413598 1.546657
1.133059 1.546657

411 Miscellaneous store retailers 1.000000 0.168162 0.455844 1.624006
1.168162 1.624006

412 Nonstore retailers 1.000000 0.211572 0.322410 1.533982 1.211572
1.533982

413 Newpaper publishers 1.000000 0.209664 0.379026 1.588690 1.209664
1.588690

414 Periodical publishers 1.000000 0.275359 0.292666 1.568025 1.275359
1.568025

415 Book publishers 1.000000 0.276436 0.222448 1.498884 1.276436
1.498884

416 Database, directory, and other publishers 1.000000 0.235003 0.225205
1.460207 1.235003 1.460207

417 Software publishers 1.000000 0.268289 0.298866 1.567155 1.268289
1.567155

418 Motion picture and video industries 1.000000 0.546483 0.245081
1.791563 1.546483 1.791563

419 Sound recording industries 1.000000 0.262238 0.193230 1.455468
1.262238 1.455468

420 Radio and television broadcasting 1.000000 0.493590 0.321651
1.815241 1.493590 1.815241

421 Cable networks and program distribution 1.000000 0.306517 0.117386
1.423903 1.306517 1.423903

422 Telecommunications 1.000000 0.189433 0.274475 1.463908 1.189433
1.463908

423 Information services 1.000000 0.304872 0.364540 1.669412 1.304872
1.669412

424 Data processing services 1.000000 0.273889 0.418086 1.691975
1.273889 1.691975

425 Nondepository credit intermediation and rela 1.000000 0.181153
0.352013 1.533166 1.181153 1.533166

426 Securities, commodity contracts, investments 1.000000 0.371969
0.430089 1.802058 1.371969 1.802058

427 Insurance carriers 1.000000 0.375662 0.314055 1.689717 1.375662
1.689717

428 Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related 1.000000 0.120052
0.398101 1.518153 1.120052 1.518153

429 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 1.000000 0.514462
0.252579 1.767041 1.514462 1.767041

430 Monetary authorities and depository credit in 1.000000 0.232632
0.267183 1.499815 1.232632 1.499815

431 Real estate 1.000000 0.207946 0.173136 1.381082 1.207946 1.381082

432 Automotive equipment rental and leasing 1.000000 0.466402 0.293223
1.759625 1.466402 1.759625

433 Video tape and disc rental 1.000000 0.388628 0.307088 1.695716
1.388628 1.695716

434 Machinery and equipment rental and leasing 1.000000 0.450209
0.240133 1.690343 1.450209 1.690343

435 General and consumer goods rental except vide 1.000000 0.259077
0.541502 1.800579 1.259077 1.800579

436 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets 1.000000 0.014410 0.042542
1.056952 1.014410 1.056952

437 Legal services 1.000000 0.150311 0.530662 1.680973 1.150311 1.680973

438 Accounting and bookkeeping services 1.000000 0.117801 0.620323
1.738124 1.117801 1.738124

439 Architectural and engineering services 1.000000 0.155941 0.568551
1.724492 1.155941 1.724492

440 Specialized design services 1.000000 0.249872 0.372324 1.622196
1.249872 1.622196

441 Custom computer programming services 1.000000 0.091341 0.755978
1.847319 1.091341 1.847319

442 Computer systems design services 1.000000 0.158860 0.573940 1.732799
1.158860 1.732799

443 Other computer related services, including fa 1.000000 0.119195
0.543109 1.662304 1.119195 1.662304

444 Management consulting services 1.000000 0.148116 0.562226 1.710342
1.148116 1.710342

445 Environmental and other technical consulting 1.000000 0.132798
0.417505 1.550303 1.132798 1.550303

446 Scientific research and development services 1.000000 0.210194
0.732188 1.942382 1.210194 1.942382

447 Advertising and related services 1.000000 0.198186 0.464411 1.662597
1.198186 1.662597

448 Photographic services 1.000000 0.225339 0.353017 1.578356 1.225339
1.578356

449 Veterinary services 1.000000 0.379718 0.423956 1.803674 1.379718
1.803674

450 All other miscellaneous professional and tech 1.000000 0.126849
0.249374 1.376223 1.126849 1.376223

451 Management of companies and enterprises 1.000000 0.206642 0.421481
1.628123 1.206642 1.628123

452 Office administrative services 1.000000 0.327597 0.339913 1.667509
1.327597 1.667509

453 Facilities support services 1.000000 0.277050 0.374783 1.651833
1.277050 1.651833

454 Employment services 1.000000 0.136309 0.633717 1.770027 1.136309
1.770027

455 Business support services 1.000000 0.209701 0.436287 1.645989
1.209701 1.645988

456 Travel arrangement and reservation services 1.000000 0.373962
0.369462 1.743424 1.373962 1.743424

457 Investigation and security services 1.000000 0.138207 0.578411
1.716618 1.138207 1.716618

458 Services to buildings and dwellings 1.000000 0.289460 0.489124
1.778584 1.289460 1.778584

459 Other support services 1.000000 0.316010 0.280493 1.596503 1.316010
1.596503

460 Waste management and remediation services 1.000000 0.243971 0.343999
1.587970 1.243971 1.587970

461 Elementary and secondary schools 1.000000 0.270266 0.575245 1.845511
1.270266 1.845511

462 Colleges, universities, and junior colleges 1.000000 0.365857
0.455694 1.821550 1.365857 1.821550

463 Other educational services 1.000000 0.269829 0.368487 1.638316
1.269829 1.638316

464 Home health care services 1.000000 0.247345 0.547309 1.794653
1.247345 1.794653

465 Offices of physicians, dentists, and other he 1.000000 0.123989
0.579233 1.703222 1.123989 1.703222

466 Other ambulatory health care services 1.000000 0.385424 0.392531
1.777955 1.385424 1.777955

467 Hospitals 1.000000 0.369718 0.450764 1.820482 1.369718 1.820482

468 Nursing and residential care facilities 1.000000 0.273944 0.506413
1.780356 1.273944 1.780356

469 Child day care services 1.000000 0.286151 0.368147 1.654299 1.286151
1.654299

470 Social assistance, except child day care serv 1.000000 0.290441
0.481471 1.771913 1.290441 1.771913

471 Performing arts companies 1.000000 0.221147 0.455872 1.677019
1.221147 1.677019

472 Spectator sports 1.000000 0.087742 0.630269 1.718010 1.087742
1.718010

473 Independent artists, writers, and performers 1.000000 0.374307
0.303990 1.678297 1.374307 1.678297

474 Promoters of performing arts and sports and a 1.000000 0.213024
0.322861 1.535885 1.213024 1.535885

475 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks 1.000000 0.401156
0.541362 1.942518 1.401156 1.942518

476 Fitness and recreational sports centers 1.000000 0.262529 0.478064
1.740593 1.262529 1.740593

477 Bowling centers 1.000000 0.309391 0.352079 1.661470 1.309391
1.661470

478 Other amusement, gambling, and recreation ind 1.000000 0.291389
0.331383 1.622772 1.291389 1.622772

479 Hotels and motels, including casino hotels 1.000000 0.098496
0.340088 1.438584 1.098496 1.438584

480 Other accommodations 1.000000 0.266894 0.355788 1.622682 1.266894
1.622682

481 Food services and drinking places 1.000000 0.377724 0.375244
1.752968 1.377724 1.752968

482 Car washes 1.000000 0.272426 0.497487 1.769913 1.272426 1.769913

483 Automotive repair and maintenance, except car 1.000000 0.345378
0.402389 1.747767 1.345378 1.747767

484 Electronic equipment repair and maintenance 1.000000 0.371881
0.334801 1.706681 1.371881 1.706681

485 Commercial machinery repair and maintenance 1.000000 0.338257
0.346208 1.684465 1.338257 1.684465

486 Household goods repair and maintenance 1.000000 0.362797 0.242330
1.605127 1.362797 1.605127

487 Personal care services 1.000000 0.312549 0.430052 1.742601 1.312549
1.742601

488 Death care services 1.000000 0.278221 0.416110 1.694331 1.278221
1.694331

489 Drycleaning and laundry services 1.000000 0.332546 0.471713 1.804259
1.332546 1.804259

490 Other personal services 1.000000 0.421610 0.240832 1.662442 1.421610
1.662442

491 Religious organizations 1.000000 0.216462 0.618811 1.835273 1.216462
1.835273

492 Grantmaking and giving and social advocacy or 1.000000 0.350596
0.391944 1.742540 1.350596 1.742540

493 Civic, social, professional and similar organ 1.000000 0.341829
0.422574 1.764403 1.341829 1.764403

494 Private households 0.000000 0.000000 1.802147 1.802147 0.000000
1.802147

495 Federal electric utilities 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

496 Other Federal Government enterprises 1.000000 0.123574 0.227785
1.351359 1.123574 1.351359

497 State and local government passenger transit 1.000000 0.475646
0.716762 2.192409 1.475646 2.192409

498 State and local government electric utilities 1.000000 0.104329
0.088013 1.192342 1.104329 1.192342

499 Other State and local government enterprises 1.000000 0.218210
0.193801 1.412011 1.218210 1.412011

500 Noncomparable imports 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000

501 Scrap 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

502 Used and secondhand goods 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

503 State & Local Education 0.000000 0.000000 1.802147 1.802147 0.000000
1.802147

504 State & Local Non-Education 0.000000 0.000000 1.802147 1.802147
0.000000 1.802147

505 Federal Military 0.000000 0.000000 1.802147 1.802147 0.000000
1.802147

506 Federal Non-Military 0.000000 0.000000 1.802147 1.802147 0.000000
1.802147

507 Rest of the world adjustment to final uses 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

508 Inventory valuation adjustment 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 1.000000
0.000000 1.000000

509 Owner-occupied dwellings 1.000000 0.138403 0.036558 1.174961
1.138403 1.174961

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**APPENDIX**

**IMPLAN**

**INCOME MULTIPLIERS**

**SOUTH CAROLINA**

Copyright MIG 2006

Type I multipliers = (Direct + Indirect)/Direct

Type II multipliers = (Direct + Indirect + Induced)/ Direct

Example: Sector 32, Water, Sewage, and Other Systems the income
multiplier is 1.440850 For every \$1 spent to produce water or sewage
system services, \$0.428644 (Direct) is in wages to the employees in
that industry. Suppliers to this industry (transportation, utilities,
chemicals, and so forth) paid \$0.061623 (Indirect) in wages to their
employees. As those wages are spent within South Carolina, the firms
that sell to these employees also pay wages amounting to \$0.617612
(Induced) an impact of \$0.393266 is created. The sum of all of these
impacts is \$1.440850.

Description Direct Indirect Induced Total Type I Type II

Effects Effects Effects Effects Multiplier Multiplier

1 Oilseed farming 0.005800 0.104623 0.028682 0.139105 19.038521
23.983704

2 Grain farming 0.024065 0.104103 0.033291 0.161459 5.325994 6.709400

3 Vegetable and melon farming 0.117010 0.063732 0.046947 0.227690
1.544672 1.945894

4 Tree nut farming 0.103477 0.096152 0.051853 0.251482 1.929210 2.430315

5 Fruit farming 0.191799 0.090888 0.073427 0.356114 1.473871 1.856703

6 Greenhouse and nursery production 0.280322 0.033392 0.081486 0.395200
1.119121 1.409808

7 Tobacco farming 0.047259 0.089810 0.035603 0.172672 2.900383 3.653746

8 Cotton farming 0.110673 0.127920 0.061973 0.300565 2.155839 2.715809

9 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

10 All other crop farming 0.074431 0.080820 0.040326 0.195576 2.085838
2.627626

11 Cattle ranching and farming 0.052384 0.111290 0.042514 0.206188
3.124522 3.936104

12 Poultry and egg production 0.066602 0.064779 0.034126 0.165507
1.972621 2.485002

13 Animal production, except cattle and poultry 0.109401 0.085846
0.050715 0.245961 1.784687 2.248253

14 Logging 0.190869 0.113672 0.079103 0.383644 1.595548 2.009986

15 Forest nurseries, forest products, and timber 0.116233 0.221506
0.087726 0.425465 2.905704 3.660449

16 Fishing 0.587213 0.093019 0.176688 0.856921 1.158408 1.459300

17 Hunting and trapping 0.133402 0.220000 0.091795 0.445196 2.649152
3.337259

18 Agriculture and forestry support activities 0.839497 0.068557
0.235864 1.143917 1.081664 1.362623

19 Oil and gas extraction 0.121108 0.056983 0.046259 0.224350 1.470511
1.852471

20 Coal mining 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

21 Iron ore mining 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

22 Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

23 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining 0.409573 0.049825 0.119327
0.578725 1.121651 1.412995

24 Stone mining and quarrying 0.326422 0.063722 0.101338 0.491483
1.195214 1.505666

25 Sand, gravel, clay, and refractory mining 0.400399 0.044413 0.115538
0.560350 1.110921 1.399478

26 Other nonmetallic mineral mining 0.329998 0.065937 0.102842 0.498777
1.199809 1.511455

27 Drilling oil and gas wells 0.015675 0.159688 0.045550 0.220914
11.187206 14.093039

28 Support activities for oil and gas operations -0.003588 0.150044
0.038041 0.184498 0.000000 0.000000

29 Support activities for other mining 0.000439 0.189725 0.049394
0.239559 433.037140 545.516846

30 Power generation and supply 0.207698 0.041164 0.064641 0.313503
1.198192 1.509418

31 Natural gas distribution 0.134353 0.056582 0.049595 0.240529 1.421144
1.790281

32 Water, sewage and other systems 0.428644 0.061623 0.127345 0.617612
1.143762 1.440850

33 New residential 1-unit structures, nonfarm 0.268094 0.157007 0.110418
0.535519 1.585642 1.997506

34 New multifamily housing structures, nonfarm 0.363758 0.125605
0.127110 0.616473 1.345297 1.694732

35 New residential additions and alterations, no 0.232334 0.146465
0.098391 0.477190 1.630407 2.053899

36 New farm housing units and additions and alte 0.199816 0.161919
0.093959 0.455694 1.810337 2.280566

37 Manufacturing and industrial buildings 0.476404 0.085315 0.145904
0.707622 1.179080 1.485342

38 Commercial and institutional buildings 0.456253 0.133474 0.153179
0.742907 1.292544 1.628277

39 Highway, street, bridge, and tunnel construct 0.423936 0.099825
0.136045 0.659807 1.235473 1.556382

40 Water, sewer, and pipeline construction 0.378416 0.106141 0.125862
0.610419 1.280488 1.613090

41 Other new construction 0.427454 0.121849 0.142679 0.691982 1.285058
1.618847

42 Maintenance and repair of farm and nonfarm re 0.242652 0.134677
0.098010 0.475338 1.555020 1.958930

43 Maintenance and repair of nonresidential buil 0.463502 0.123028
0.152349 0.738879 1.265431 1.594123

44 Maintenance and repair of highways, streets, 0.236475 0.154832
0.101640 0.492947 1.654750 2.084565

45 Other maintenance and repair construction 0.463301 0.102442 0.146950
0.712694 1.221114 1.538294

46 Dog and cat food manufacturing 0.104176 0.100363 0.053128 0.257668
1.963397 2.473381

47 Other animal food manufacturing 0.070624 0.101804 0.044787 0.217215
2.441500 3.075671

48 Flour milling 0.103483 0.122166 0.058612 0.284261 2.180538 2.746925

49 Rice milling 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

50 Malt manufacturing 0.069926 0.147430 0.056457 0.273813 3.108352
3.915734

51 Wet corn milling 0.082215 0.123961 0.053553 0.259729 2.507765
3.159147

52 Soybean processing 0.047523 0.098000 0.037799 0.183323 3.062160
3.857545

53 Other oilseed processing 0.101712 0.118461 0.057189 0.277362 2.164666
2.726930

54 Fats and oils refining and blending 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

55 Breakfast cereal manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

56 Sugar manufacturing 0.041740 0.098942 0.036542 0.177224 3.370447
4.245908

57 Confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

58 Confectionery manufacturing from purchased ch 0.130930 0.107463
0.061922 0.300315 1.820770 2.293707

59 Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing 0.151793 0.099638 0.065308
0.316740 1.656407 2.086652

60 Frozen food manufacturing 0.183307 0.103109 0.074395 0.360811
1.562491 1.968342

61 Fruit and vegetable canning and drying 0.145491 0.100718 0.063952
0.310161 1.692261 2.131819

62 Fluid milk manufacturing 0.103029 0.101061 0.053012 0.257103 1.980897
2.495428

63 Creamery butter manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

64 Cheese manufacturing 0.055659 0.098042 0.039923 0.193625 2.761474
3.478756

65 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products 0.084873 0.099364
0.047855 0.232092 2.170729 2.734568

66 Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing 0.086055 0.123691 0.054481
0.264227 2.437358 3.070453

67 Animal, except poultry, slaughtering 0.090264 0.100926 0.049661
0.240851 2.118126 2.668301

68 Meat processed from carcasses 0.174949 0.123845 0.077610 0.376404
1.707893 2.151511

69 Rendering and meat byproduct processing 0.185022 0.102381 0.074652
0.362055 1.553342 1.956817

70 Poultry processing 0.179960 0.141819 0.083581 0.405360 1.788060
2.252502

71 Seafood product preparation and packaging 0.181570 0.100883 0.073366
0.355819 1.555618 1.959684

72 Frozen cakes and other pastries manufacturing 0.099091 0.124078
0.057967 0.281136 2.252160 2.837150

73 Bread and bakery product, except frozen, manu 0.320371 0.068318
0.100961 0.489650 1.213245 1.528381

74 Cookie and cracker manufacturing 0.172653 0.070541 0.063169 0.306362
1.408572 1.774443

75 Mixes and dough made from purchased flour 0.153372 0.079042 0.060369
0.292782 1.515361 1.908970

76 Dry pasta manufacturing 0.282213 0.062816 0.089620 0.434650 1.222585
1.540146

77 Tortilla manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000

78 Roasted nuts and peanut butter manufacturing 0.051885 0.090142
0.036891 0.178917 2.737353 3.448370

79 Other snack food manufacturing 0.119355 0.117568 0.061540 0.298463
1.985032 2.500637

80 Coffee and tea manufacturing 0.043992 0.172449 0.056220 0.272661
4.919963 6.197904

81 Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

82 Mayonnaise, dressing, and sauce manufacturing 0.108220 0.107168
0.055946 0.271335 1.990280 2.507247

83 Spice and extract manufacturing 0.121579 0.117654 0.062140 0.301372
1.967713 2.478818

84 All other food manufacturing 0.099489 0.118008 0.056494 0.273991
2.186147 2.753991

85 Soft drink and ice manufacturing 0.198248 0.087859 0.074315 0.360422
1.443178 1.818038

86 Breweries 0.152489 0.052268 0.053185 0.257943 1.342767 1.691546

87 Wineries 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

88 Distilleries 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

89 Tobacco stemming and redrying 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

90 Cigarette manufacturing 0.085373 0.063494 0.038668 0.187535 1.743722
2.196647

91 Other tobacco product manufacturing 0.100352 0.074464 0.045408
0.220224 1.742021 2.194504

92 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills 0.200447 0.089135 0.075218 0.364800
1.444683 1.819934

93 Broadwoven fabric mills 0.320504 0.095866 0.108151 0.524521 1.299110
1.636549

94 Narrow fabric mills and schiffli embroidery 0.350610 0.079598
0.111745 0.541953 1.227027 1.545742

95 Nonwoven fabric mills 0.155211 0.096015 0.065255 0.316481 1.618610
2.039037

96 Knit fabric mills 0.205255 0.109213 0.081682 0.396149 1.532086
1.930040

97 Textile and fabric finishing mills 0.255344 0.129861 0.100056
0.485261 1.508573 1.900419

98 Fabric coating mills 0.259423 0.107169 0.095221 0.461812 1.413105
1.780154

99 Carpet and rug mills 0.175501 0.093740 0.069934 0.339175 1.534129
1.932613

100 Curtain and linen mills 0.232367 0.110656 0.089099 0.432122 1.476213
1.859654

101 Textile bag and canvas mills 0.358955 0.103691 0.120171 0.582817
1.288870 1.623649

102 Tire cord and tire fabric mills 0.164018 0.075516 0.062218 0.301753
1.460413 1.839749

103 Other miscellaneous textile product mills 0.243488 0.110093 0.091841
0.445423 1.452148 1.829338

104 Sheer hosiery mills 0.515717 0.064922 0.150819 0.731458 1.125887
1.418332

105 Other hosiery and sock mills 0.261879 0.126300 0.100828 0.489007
1.482284 1.867301

106 Other apparel knitting mills 0.404500 0.081429 0.126218 0.612147
1.201307 1.513342

107 Cut and sew apparel manufacturing 0.256323 0.085954 0.088905
0.431181 1.335334 1.682182

108 Accessories and other apparel manufacturing 0.355154 0.075884
0.111960 0.542999 1.213666 1.528911

109 Leather and hide tanning and finishing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

110 Footwear manufacturing 0.247786 0.099361 0.090170 0.437317 1.400994
1.764896

111 Other leather product manufacturing 0.415108 0.024829 0.114272
0.554210 1.059814 1.335096

112 Sawmills 0.211731 0.162831 0.097291 0.471853 1.769047 2.228550

113 Wood preservation 0.107159 0.218009 0.084461 0.409628 3.034448
3.822634

114 Reconstituted wood product manufacturing 0.167659 0.120639 0.074884
0.363182 1.719550 2.166197

115 Veneer and plywood manufacturing 0.247722 0.183698 0.112060 0.543479
1.741548 2.193908

116 Engineered wood member and truss manufacturin 0.270790 0.129622
0.104005 0.504417 1.478680 1.862762

117 Wood windows and door manufacturing 0.263053 0.137260 0.103980
0.504293 1.521798 1.917079

118 Cut stock, resawing lumber, and planing 0.082146 0.214987 0.077179
0.374312 3.617131 4.556666

119 Other millwork, including flooring 0.392677 0.138707 0.138025
0.669408 1.353234 1.704731

120 Wood container and pallet manufacturing 0.333198 0.143055 0.123705
0.599959 1.429339 1.800604

121 Manufactured home, mobile home, manufacturing 0.295096 0.085491
0.098856 0.479442 1.289705 1.624701

122 Prefabricated wood building manufacturing 0.263254 0.140951 0.104991
0.509195 1.535419 1.934238

123 Miscellaneous wood product manufacturing 0.202076 0.155161 0.092791
0.450028 1.767832 2.227020

124 Pulp mills 0.073240 0.205598 0.072427 0.351264 3.807189 4.796091

125 Paper and paperboard mills 0.188789 0.120643 0.080374 0.389805
1.639036 2.064769

126 Paperboard container manufacturing 0.282814 0.064127 0.090117
0.437057 1.226745 1.545388

127 Flexible packaging foil manufacturing 0.040886 0.163906 0.053194
0.257986 5.008808 6.309825

128 Surface-coated paperboard manufactuing 0.170614 0.118187 0.075015
0.363816 1.692713 2.132390

129 Coated and laminated paper and packaging mate 0.253586 0.092252
0.089830 0.435668 1.363789 1.718028

130 Coated and uncoated paper bag manufacturing 0.445879 0.074882
0.135266 0.656027 1.167942 1.471311

131 Die-cut paper office supplies manufacturing 0.253348 0.090769
0.089383 0.433500 1.358279 1.711086

132 Envelope manufacturing 0.362123 0.092840 0.118175 0.573138 1.256376
1.582714

133 Stationery and related product manufacturing 0.196716 0.083390
0.072756 0.352862 1.423911 1.793766

134 Sanitary paper product manufacturing 0.285115 0.079428 0.094689
0.459232 1.278583 1.610691

135 All other converted paper product manufacturi 0.246130 0.087044
0.086541 0.419714 1.353649 1.705254

136 Manifold business forms printing 0.320642 0.051808 0.096742 0.469192
1.161575 1.463290

137 Books printing 0.358079 0.078943 0.113515 0.550538 1.220463 1.537474

138 Blankbook and looseleaf binder manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

139 Commercial printing 0.335871 0.089320 0.110442 0.535633 1.265937
1.594759

140 Tradebinding and related work 0.373105 0.091192 0.120599 0.584896
1.244413 1.567644

141 Prepress services 0.718608 0.042632 0.197729 0.958969 1.059326
1.334482

142 Petroleum refineries 0.036811 0.069144 0.027521 0.133477 2.878342
3.625980

143 Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturin 0.158542 0.099239
0.066958 0.324739 1.625947 2.048280

144 Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufac 0.209227 0.105956
0.081868 0.397051 1.506416 1.897702

145 Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufact 0.124836 0.128481
0.065798 0.319115 2.029197 2.556274

146 All other petroleum and coal products manufac 0.049035 0.108476
0.040913 0.198424 3.212221 4.046582

147 Petrochemical manufacturing 0.061653 0.104983 0.043283 0.209918
2.702806 3.404850

148 Industrial gas manufacturing 0.433933 0.053830 0.126695 0.614457
1.124051 1.416019

149 Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing 0.287839 0.096597 0.099856
0.484292 1.335594 1.682510

150 Other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing 0.239599 0.104522
0.089384 0.433506 1.436239 1.809297

151 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing 0.067297 0.134175
0.052332 0.253804 2.993777 3.771399

152 Plastics material and resin manufacturing 0.114159 0.101010 0.055889
0.271059 1.884818 2.374392

153 Synthetic rubber manufacturing 0.196135 0.089771 0.074263 0.360169
1.457699 1.836331

154 Cellulosic organic fiber manufacturing 0.342423 0.090956 0.112569
0.545948 1.265625 1.594365

155 Noncellulosic organic fiber manufacturing 0.280866 0.102340 0.099536
0.482743 1.364373 1.718764

156 Nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing 0.202018 0.079721 0.073181
0.354920 1.394620 1.756868

157 Phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing 0.133206 0.161059 0.076434
0.370699 2.209104 2.782911

158 Fertilizer, mixing only, manufacturing 0.113192 0.112712 0.058678
0.284581 1.995761 2.514152

159 Pesticide and other agricultural chemical man 0.190731 0.090662
0.073091 0.354484 1.475342 1.858557

160 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing 0.148264 0.104261 0.065593
0.318118 1.703214 2.145617

161 Paint and coating manufacturing 0.171803 0.108529 0.072815 0.353147
1.631705 2.055534

162 Adhesive manufacturing 0.230454 0.101357 0.086187 0.417998 1.439816
1.813803

163 Soap and other detergent manufacturing 0.134885 0.114140 0.064683
0.313708 1.846204 2.325749

164 Polish and other sanitation good manufacturin 0.239372 0.088385
0.085134 0.412890 1.369236 1.724889

165 Surface active agent manufacturing 0.108160 0.135080 0.063181
0.306422 2.248892 2.833033

166 Toilet preparation manufacturing 0.116024 0.106534 0.057809 0.280367
1.918206 2.416452

167 Printing ink manufacturing 0.217047 0.116918 0.086746 0.420710
1.538676 1.938340

168 Explosives manufacturing 0.264845 0.099443 0.094622 0.458909
1.375475 1.732749

169 Custom compounding of purchased resins 0.195449 0.100938 0.076986
0.373373 1.516443 1.910334

170 Photographic film and chemical manufacturing 0.239795 0.109728
0.090787 0.440310 1.457592 1.836195

171 Other miscellaneous chemical product manufact 0.235902 0.113076
0.090646 0.439624 1.479335 1.863587

172 Plastics packaging materials, film and sheet 0.181516 0.093041
0.071315 0.345872 1.512578 1.905464

173 Plastics pipe, fittings, and profile shapes 0.241347 0.087837
0.085504 0.414689 1.363945 1.718225

174 Laminated plastics plate, sheet, and shapes 0.514753 0.061193
0.149600 0.725545 1.118878 1.409502

175 Plastics bottle manufacturing 0.220330 0.086693 0.079748 0.386771
1.393469 1.755418

176 Resilient floor covering manufacturing 0.317478 0.051067 0.095728
0.464274 1.160852 1.462379

177 Plastics plumbing fixtures and all other plas 0.211492 0.102823
0.081642 0.395958 1.486181 1.872211

178 Foam product manufacturing 0.193852 0.097180 0.075594 0.366626
1.501310 1.891270

179 Tire manufacturing 0.333034 0.063255 0.102934 0.499223 1.189934
1.499016

180 Rubber and plastics hose and belting manufact 0.293180 0.073444
0.095229 0.461852 1.250507 1.575321

181 Other rubber product manufacturing 0.236928 0.084775 0.083561
0.405265 1.357809 1.710495

182 Vitreous china plumbing fixture manufacturing 0.424918 0.063641
0.126901 0.615460 1.149772 1.448421

183 Vitreous china and earthenware articles manuf 0.532396 0.063350
0.154743 0.750488 1.118990 1.409643

184 Porcelain electrical supply manufacturing 0.397219 0.097287 0.128446
0.622953 1.244920 1.568284

185 Brick and structural clay tile manufacturing 0.327329 0.091680
0.108836 0.527845 1.280087 1.612584

186 Ceramic wall and floor tile manufacturing 0.512366 0.073163 0.152089
0.737618 1.142794 1.439630

187 Nonclay refractory manufacturing 0.379789 0.072489 0.117478 0.569756
1.190867 1.500190

188 Clay refractory and other structural clay pro 0.191378 0.131274
0.083808 0.406460 1.685940 2.123857

189 Glass container manufacturing 0.267652 0.096317 0.094540 0.458509
1.359859 1.713078

190 Glass and glass products, except glass contai 0.318029 0.104466
0.109742 0.532237 1.328481 1.673549

191 Cement manufacturing 0.156725 0.079547 0.061371 0.297643 1.507559
1.899141

192 Ready-mix concrete manufacturing 0.286653 0.088168 0.097358 0.472180
1.307577 1.647215

193 Concrete block and brick manufacturing 0.265833 0.097357 0.094337
0.457527 1.366235 1.721109

194 Concrete pipe manufacturing 0.230209 0.087951 0.082641 0.400801
1.382049 1.741031

195 Other concrete product manufacturing 0.341328 0.074605 0.108037
0.523971 1.218574 1.535093

196 Lime manufacturing 0.199492 0.104001 0.078831 0.382324 1.521328
1.916487

197 Gypsum product manufacturing 0.181126 0.093733 0.071394 0.346253
1.517503 1.911669

198 Abrasive product manufacturing 0.152816 0.110953 0.068513 0.332282
1.726055 2.174392

199 Cut stone and stone product manufacturing 0.355506 0.103231 0.119155
0.577892 1.290377 1.625547

200 Ground or treated minerals and earths manufac 0.129808 0.069182
0.051687 0.250677 1.532953 1.931131

201 Mineral wool manufacturing 0.279863 0.088073 0.095570 0.463506
1.314699 1.656186

202 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 0.331726 0.063504
0.102659 0.497889 1.191434 1.500905

203 Iron and steel mills 0.150331 0.114393 0.068761 0.333486 1.760941
2.218339

204 Ferroalloy and related product manufacturing 0.206667 0.076615
0.073582 0.356864 1.370718 1.726757

205 Iron, steel pipe and tube from purchased stee 0.201623 0.068254
0.070099 0.339976 1.338521 1.686196

206 Rolled steel shape manufacturing 0.294230 0.069410 0.094454 0.458095
1.235905 1.556926

207 Steel wire drawing 0.100152 0.085909 0.048329 0.234390 1.857779
2.340330

208 Alumina refining 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000

209 Primary aluminum production 0.210075 0.093977 0.078976 0.383029
1.447350 1.823294

210 Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum 0.069123 0.138807
0.054009 0.261940 3.008102 3.789445

211 Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil manufacturing 0.104696 0.067549
0.044740 0.216985 1.645185 2.072516

212 Aluminum extruded product manufacturing 0.218962 0.049247 0.069666
0.337875 1.224913 1.543080

213 Other aluminum rolling and drawing 0.238320 0.039508 0.072165
0.349993 1.165777 1.468583

214 Primary smelting and refining of copper 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

215 Primary nonferrous metal, except copper and a 0.109845 0.080155
0.049352 0.239353 1.729710 2.178996

216 Copper rolling, drawing, and extruding 0.128814 0.070634 0.051806
0.251254 1.548342 1.950518

217 Copper wire, except mechanical, drawing 0.355293 0.074642 0.111674
0.541608 1.210086 1.524401

218 Secondary processing of copper 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

219 Nonferrous metal, except copper and aluminum, 0.218560 0.066606
0.074071 0.359236 1.304748 1.643651

220 Secondary processing of other nonferrous 0.173751 0.124497 0.077469
0.375717 1.716522 2.162383

221 Ferrous metal foundaries 0.423974 0.079944 0.130891 0.634809
1.188558 1.497281

222 Aluminum foundries 0.276819 0.084921 0.093961 0.455701 1.306775
1.646206

223 Nonferrous foundries, except aluminum 0.266154 0.077797 0.089340
0.433292 1.292301 1.627972

224 Iron and steel forging 0.352809 0.064981 0.108519 0.526310 1.184181
1.491767

225 Nonferrous forging 0.252571 0.051109 0.078880 0.382560 1.202357
1.514664

226 Custom roll forming 0.070432 0.086670 0.040807 0.197909 2.230556
2.809934

227 All other forging and stamping 0.279555 0.082948 0.094159 0.456662
1.296715 1.633531

228 Cutlery and flatware, except precious, manufa 0.260152 0.072507
0.086407 0.419066 1.278709 1.610849

229 Hand and edge tool manufacturing 0.282203 0.092021 0.097203 0.471428
1.326079 1.670524

230 Saw blade and handsaw manufacturing 0.233243 0.086252 0.082988
0.402482 1.369793 1.725591

231 Kitchen utensil, pot, and pan manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

232 Prefabricated metal buildings and components 0.258195 0.074639
0.086452 0.419286 1.289080 1.623914

233 Fabricated structural metal manufacturing 0.236627 0.063185 0.077875
0.377687 1.267026 1.596131

234 Plate work manufacturing 0.512662 0.044335 0.144678 0.701675
1.086481 1.368690

235 Metal window and door manufacturing 0.275162 0.072731 0.090364
0.438257 1.264320 1.592723

236 Sheet metal work manufacturing 0.277501 0.063107 0.088472 0.429080
1.227410 1.546225

237 Ornamental and architectural metal work manuf 0.321646 0.064959
0.100419 0.487023 1.201957 1.514161

238 Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing 0.320313 0.067048
0.100616 0.487976 1.209319 1.523436

239 Metal tank, heavy gauge, manufacturing 0.242042 0.083284 0.084502
0.409828 1.344089 1.693211

240 Metal can, box, and other container manufactu 0.192568 0.066473
0.067285 0.326325 1.345191 1.694600

241 Hardware manufacturing 0.178550 0.078071 0.066657 0.323278 1.437251
1.810572

242 Spring and wire product manufacturing 0.339025 0.059023 0.103392
0.501439 1.174095 1.479063

243 Machine shops 0.380894 0.090775 0.122514 0.594182 1.238320 1.559969

244 Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manuf 0.269657 0.086197
0.092432 0.448285 1.319655 1.662431

245 Metal heat treating 0.254292 0.100639 0.092192 0.447124 1.395763
1.758307

246 Metal coating and nonprecious engraving 0.230820 0.078182 0.080262
0.389264 1.338716 1.686442

247 Electroplating, anodizing, and coloring metal 0.533297 0.066337
0.155753 0.755387 1.124389 1.416445

248 Metal valve manufacturing 0.244070 0.071906 0.082073 0.398049
1.294612 1.630882

249 Ball and roller bearing manufacturing 0.350499 0.095933 0.115959
0.562391 1.273703 1.604542

250 Small arms manufacturing 0.297169 0.091496 0.100954 0.489619
1.307894 1.647614

251 Other ordnance and accessories manufacturing 0.125963 0.158449
0.073875 0.358286 2.257906 2.844388

252 Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturin 0.380541 0.055767
0.113329 0.549637 1.146547 1.444358

253 Industrial pattern manufacturing 0.576667 0.069018 0.167714 0.813399
1.119684 1.410518

254 Enameled iron and metal sanitary ware manufac 0.381518 0.061950
0.115189 0.558657 1.162377 1.464300

255 Miscellaneous fabricated metal product manufa 0.217232 0.077776
0.076627 0.371636 1.358031 1.710775

256 Ammunition manufacturing 0.166140 0.140768 0.079718 0.386626
1.847286 2.327111

257 Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing 0.192154 0.093876
0.074295 0.360326 1.488545 1.875189

258 Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing 0.118942 0.107066 0.058705
0.284712 1.900151 2.393708

259 Construction machinery manufacturing 0.138676 0.100975 0.062248
0.301900 1.728138 2.177015

260 Mining machinery and equipment manufacturing 0.278371 0.072877
0.091235 0.442483 1.261799 1.589546

261 Oil and gas field machinery and equipment 0.101182 0.112147 0.055411
0.268740 2.108374 2.656016

262 Sawmill and woodworking machinery 0.229986 0.112121 0.088861
0.430968 1.487510 1.873885

263 Plastics and rubber industry machinery 0.241112 0.103168 0.089425
0.433705 1.427883 1.798770

264 Paper industry machinery manufacturing 0.302762 0.113390 0.108094
0.524246 1.374518 1.731543

265 Textile machinery manufacturing 0.330795 0.097434 0.111231 0.539460
1.294544 1.630797

266 Printing machinery and equipment manufacturin 0.216548 0.121592
0.087831 0.425972 1.561502 1.967096

267 Food product machinery manufacturing 0.238765 0.115254 0.091955
0.445973 1.482709 1.867836

268 Semiconductor machinery manufacturing 0.143545 0.117026 0.067682
0.328253 1.815257 2.286763

269 All other industrial machinery manufacturing 0.218909 0.112080
0.085973 0.416962 1.511992 1.904726

270 Office machinery manufacturing 0.101935 0.124517 0.058820 0.285271
2.221535 2.798570

271 Optical instrument and lens manufacturing 0.350364 0.112345 0.120187
0.582896 1.320654 1.663688

272 Photographic and photocopying equipment manuf 0.275667 0.096776
0.096741 0.469185 1.351062 1.701995

273 Other commercial and service industry machine 0.226935 0.109253
0.087324 0.423511 1.481427 1.866223

274 Automatic vending, commercial laundry and dry 0.226059 0.101224
0.085011 0.412294 1.447776 1.823830

275 Air purification equipment manufacturing 0.325550 0.074673 0.103956
0.504179 1.229375 1.548701

276 Industrial and commercial fan and blower manu 0.299317 0.076572
0.097636 0.473525 1.255821 1.582016

277 Heating equipment, except warm air furnaces 0.246913 0.072608
0.082995 0.402516 1.294063 1.630191

278 AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating 0.204209 0.096061 0.077994
0.378265 1.470407 1.852340

279 Industrial mold manufacturing 0.446117 0.094964 0.140544 0.681625
1.212867 1.527905

280 Metal cutting machine tool manufacturing 0.371912 0.097170 0.121842
0.590925 1.261273 1.588883

281 Metal forming machine tool manufacturing 0.375114 0.085064 0.119529
0.579707 1.226768 1.545417

282 Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufactu 0.548838 0.084973
0.164630 0.798440 1.154824 1.454785

283 Cutting tool and machine tool accessory manuf 0.320411 0.103377
0.110077 0.533865 1.322638 1.666188

284 Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery 0.248446 0.117667
0.095096 0.461209 1.473611 1.856375

285 Turbine and turbine generator set units manuf 0.128169 0.086299
0.055707 0.270175 1.673326 2.107966

286 Other engine equipment manufacturing 0.140234 0.098390 0.061982
0.300606 1.701618 2.143607

287 Speed changers and mechanical power transmiss 0.332780 0.089815
0.109768 0.532363 1.269894 1.599744

288 Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing 0.222232 0.090629 0.081264
0.394125 1.407812 1.773486

289 Air and gas compressor manufacturing 0.120455 0.106327 0.058906
0.285688 1.882716 2.371744

290 Measuring and dispensing pump manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

291 Elevator and moving stairway manufacturing 0.198239 0.106453
0.079142 0.383834 1.536996 1.936224

292 Conveyor and conveying equipment manufacturin 0.294181 0.093684
0.100746 0.488611 1.318457 1.660921

293 Overhead cranes, hoists, and monorail systems 0.209224 0.087409
0.077049 0.373683 1.417776 1.786038

294 Industrial truck, trailer, and stacker manufa 0.251045 0.114077
0.094839 0.459961 1.454411 1.832189

295 Power-driven handtool manufacturing 0.240897 0.103045 0.089338
0.433280 1.427754 1.798608

296 Welding and soldering equipment manufacturing 0.226556 0.096225
0.083841 0.406622 1.424728 1.794795

297 Packaging machinery manufacturing 0.275650 0.115065 0.101487
0.492202 1.417430 1.785603

298 Industrial process furnace and oven manufactu 0.402062 0.065526
0.121454 0.589042 1.162975 1.465054

299 Fluid power cylinder and actuator manufacturi 0.285603 0.091397
0.097924 0.474925 1.320015 1.662883

300 Fluid power pump and motor manufacturing 0.305052 0.093628 0.103556
0.502236 1.306925 1.646394

301 Scales, balances, and miscellaneous general p 0.224423 0.094672
0.082884 0.401978 1.421844 1.791162

302 Electronic computer manufacturing 0.148687 0.099064 0.064352
0.312103 1.666254 2.099057

303 Computer storage device manufacturing 0.120218 0.102754 0.057916
0.280887 1.854729 2.336488

304 Computer terminal manufacturing 0.176246 0.124058 0.078003 0.378307
1.703892 2.146471

305 Other computer peripheral equipment manufactu 0.218667 0.121966
0.088478 0.429111 1.557770 1.962394

306 Telephone apparatus manufacturing 0.178340 0.115509 0.076326
0.370175 1.647686 2.075666

307 Broadcast and wireless communications equipme 0.150825 0.113680
0.068704 0.333209 1.753724 2.209246

308 Other communications equipment manufacturing 0.322480 0.114940
0.113618 0.551038 1.356425 1.708751

309 Audio and video equipment manufacturing 0.198849 0.172473 0.096449
0.467771 1.867357 2.352395

310 Electron tube manufacturing 0.478156 0.131953 0.158473 0.768582
1.275962 1.607388

311 Semiconductors and related device manufacturi 0.166426 0.150928
0.082432 0.399786 1.906880 2.402184

312 All other electronic component manufacturing 0.276155 0.114797
0.101548 0.492501 1.415697 1.783419

313 Electromedical apparatus manufacturing 0.207962 0.141522 0.090777
0.440261 1.680517 2.117024

314 Search, detection, and navigation instruments 0.323970 0.116915
0.114518 0.555404 1.360883 1.714366

315 Automatic environmental control manufacturing 0.469376 0.081117
0.142989 0.693482 1.172819 1.477455

316 Industrial process variable instruments 0.472222 0.092880 0.146783
0.711885 1.196687 1.507522

317 Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices 0.157431 0.126561
0.073766 0.357758 1.803911 2.272470

318 Electricity and signal testing instruments 0.244110 0.111785
0.092442 0.448337 1.457931 1.836623

319 Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturin 0.311530 0.122964
0.112858 0.547353 1.394711 1.756982

320 Irradiation apparatus manufacturing 0.053610 0.145902 0.051822
0.251334 3.721536 4.688191

321 Watch, clock, and other measuring and control 0.294853 0.119314
0.107578 0.521745 1.404655 1.769509

322 Software reproducing 0.567046 0.053946 0.161300 0.782293 1.095136
1.379593

323 Audio and video media reproduction 0.207688 0.121836 0.085593
0.415116 1.586627 1.998748

324 Magnetic and optical recording media manufact 0.149856 0.145190
0.076637 0.371683 1.968863 2.480267

325 Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing 0.345346 0.104974 0.116969
0.567288 1.303967 1.642667

326 Lighting fixture manufacturing 0.276599 0.078667 0.092279 0.447545
1.284406 1.618026

327 Electric housewares and household fan manufac 0.245915 0.085809
0.086164 0.417888 1.348940 1.699322

328 Household vacuum cleaner manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

329 Household cooking appliance manufacturing 0.161159 0.092969 0.066009
0.320137 1.576877 1.986465

330 Household refrigerator and home freezer manuf 0.189959 0.109871
0.077880 0.377710 1.578394 1.988376

331 Household laundry equipment manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

332 Other major household appliance manufacturing 0.170247 0.106342
0.071843 0.348432 1.624631 2.046623

333 Electric power and specialty transformer manu 0.301717 0.086018
0.100713 0.488449 1.285096 1.618895

334 Motor and generator manufacturing 0.308728 0.073097 0.099178
0.481004 1.236770 1.558016

335 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufact 0.295731 0.062793
0.093125 0.451649 1.212331 1.527230

336 Relay and industrial control manufacturing 0.253666 0.119704
0.096981 0.470352 1.471896 1.854216

337 Storage battery manufacturing 0.312108 0.079398 0.101692 0.493198
1.254392 1.580215

338 Primary battery manufacturing 0.253208 0.053345 0.079626 0.386179
1.210675 1.525143

339 Fiber optic cable manufacturing 0.384505 0.100811 0.126059 0.611375
1.262183 1.590030

340 Other communication and energy wire manufactu 0.070314 0.081829
0.039519 0.191662 2.163756 2.725783

341 Wiring device manufacturing 0.325807 0.053268 0.098463 0.477538
1.163494 1.465707

342 Carbon and graphite product manufacturing 0.250877 0.057822 0.080183
0.388882 1.230478 1.550089

343 Miscellaneous electrical equipment manufactur 0.206161 0.140893
0.090146 0.437201 1.683412 2.120673

344 Automobile and light truck manufacturing 0.085285 0.108941 0.050450
0.244676 2.277380 2.868921

345 Heavy duty truck manufacturing 0.101675 0.107725 0.054391 0.263791
2.059494 2.594440

346 Motor vehicle body manufacturing 0.237959 0.088531 0.084805 0.411295
1.372043 1.728427

347 Truck trailer manufacturing 0.233471 0.097810 0.086049 0.417331
1.418939 1.787503

348 Motor home manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

349 Travel trailer and camper manufacturing 0.246265 0.084543 0.085926
0.416735 1.343302 1.692220

350 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing 0.180066 0.097420 0.072076
0.349562 1.541024 1.941299

351 Aircraft manufacturing 0.502389 0.066126 0.147669 0.716184 1.131623
1.425557

352 Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturin 0.346395 0.069076
0.107917 0.523388 1.199413 1.510956

353 Other aircraft parts and equipment 0.412322 0.072504 0.125932
0.610758 1.175843 1.481264

354 Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturin 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

355 Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles 0.381648 0.132392
0.133520 0.647559 1.346896 1.696747

356 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing 0.293994 0.069135 0.094321
0.457450 1.235159 1.555987

357 Ship building and repairing 0.537009 0.063681 0.156027 0.756717
1.118585 1.409133

358 Boat building 0.342636 0.056420 0.103653 0.502710 1.164664 1.467181

359 Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing 0.219575 0.110606
0.085763 0.415945 1.503728 1.894315

360 Military armored vehicles and tank parts manu 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

361 All other transportation equipment manufactur 0.130972 0.081642
0.055226 0.267840 1.623354 2.045013

362 Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufactu 0.364175 0.123199
0.126594 0.613968 1.338297 1.685915

363 Upholstered household furniture manufacturing 0.324141 0.136505
0.119651 0.580297 1.421128 1.790261

364 Nonupholstered wood household furniture manuf 0.229980 0.151734
0.099149 0.480864 1.659770 2.090888

365 Metal household furniture manufacturing 0.177704 0.113000 0.075509
0.366213 1.635890 2.060806

366 Institutional furniture manufacturing 0.270177 0.108383 0.098330
0.476890 1.401154 1.765099

367 Other household and institutional furniture 0.370930 0.089010
0.119468 0.579408 1.239964 1.562040

368 Wood office furniture manufacturing 0.444705 0.097135 0.140741
0.682581 1.218427 1.534908

369 Custom architectural woodwork and millwork 0.114221 0.170009
0.073828 0.358058 2.488416 3.134773

370 Office furniture, except wood, manufacturing 0.173678 0.117686
0.075681 0.367044 1.677607 2.113359

371 Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers 0.362518 0.087620
0.116922 0.567059 1.241697 1.564224

372 Mattress manufacturing 0.225445 0.114418 0.088278 0.428142 1.507522
1.899095

373 Blind and shade manufacturing 0.266968 0.085342 0.091511 0.443822
1.319671 1.662451

374 Laboratory apparatus and furniture manufactur 0.196804 0.177140
0.097131 0.471075 1.900085 2.393625

375 Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing 0.400051 0.094786
0.128532 0.623369 1.236935 1.558225

376 Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing 0.236637 0.120416
0.092743 0.449795 1.508864 1.900786

377 Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing 0.204237 0.112383
0.082241 0.398860 1.550255 1.952928

378 Ophthalmic goods manufacturing 0.455754 0.072394 0.137185 0.665333
1.158844 1.459850

379 Dental laboratories 0.687411 0.049618 0.191440 0.928470 1.072181
1.350676

380 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing 0.226875 0.064816 0.075766
0.367457 1.285691 1.619645

381 Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing 0.305886 0.110693 0.108205
0.524784 1.361876 1.715618

382 Doll, toy, and game manufacturing 0.341072 0.076074 0.108352
0.525498 1.223045 1.540727

383 Office supplies, except paper, manufacturing 0.426218 0.063799
0.127280 0.617297 1.149686 1.448313

384 Sign manufacturing 0.360249 0.103846 0.120547 0.584643 1.288262
1.622883

385 Gasket, packing, and sealing device manufactu 0.455500 0.060315
0.133981 0.649796 1.132416 1.426557

386 Musical instrument manufacturing 0.400769 0.101402 0.130437 0.632609
1.253019 1.578486

387 Broom, brush, and mop manufacturing 0.285820 0.097141 0.099473
0.482434 1.339866 1.687891

388 Burial casket manufacturing 0.383594 0.044664 0.111238 0.539497
1.116435 1.406425

389 Buttons, pins, and all other miscellaneous ma 0.214007 0.097383
0.080882 0.392272 1.455046 1.832989

390 Wholesale trade 0.400635 0.058645 0.119296 0.578576 1.146379
1.444147

391 Air transportation 0.218220 0.168239 0.100381 0.486840 1.770963
2.230964

392 Rail transportation 0.363550 0.078923 0.114930 0.557403 1.217089
1.533224

393 Water transportation 0.088618 0.203223 0.075804 0.367645 3.293241
4.148647

394 Truck transportation 0.336836 0.161280 0.129384 0.627499 1.478810
1.862925

395 Transit and ground passenger transportation 0.333452 0.104679
0.113803 0.551935 1.313926 1.655214

396 Pipeline transportation 0.173776 0.137972 0.080975 0.392724 1.793962
2.259937

397 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and sup 0.473112 0.122638
0.154744 0.750493 1.259215 1.586292

398 Postal service 0.849870 0.040330 0.231226 1.121426 1.047454 1.319526

399 Couriers and messengers 0.417446 0.105302 0.135782 0.658530 1.252253
1.577521

400 Warehousing and storage 0.526549 0.069791 0.154897 0.751238 1.132544
1.426718

401 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 0.473747 0.050696 0.136222 0.660665
1.107010 1.394552

402 Furniture and home furnishings stores 0.423760 0.054631 0.124260
0.602651 1.128919 1.422151

403 Electronics and appliance stores 0.526877 0.046878 0.149031 0.722785
1.088972 1.371829

404 Building material and garden supply stores 0.434209 0.044709
0.124397 0.603315 1.102966 1.389458

405 Food and beverage stores 0.465360 0.050583 0.134014 0.649958
1.108698 1.396678

406 Health and personal care stores 0.455830 0.055484 0.132812 0.644126
1.121720 1.413082

407 Gasoline stations 0.432182 0.056571 0.126952 0.615705 1.130896
1.424642

408 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 0.406831 0.047084 0.117903
0.571818 1.115734 1.405541

409 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 0.480364 0.045916
0.136699 0.662980 1.095586 1.380161

410 General merchandise stores 0.471071 0.044541 0.133929 0.649541
1.094554 1.378860

411 Miscellaneous store retailers 0.511987 0.056292 0.147609 0.715888
1.109949 1.398254

412 Nonstore retailers 0.331110 0.070824 0.104401 0.506335 1.213898
1.529204

413 Newpaper publishers 0.390381 0.082133 0.122734 0.595248 1.210392
1.524787

414 Periodical publishers 0.263796 0.101058 0.094769 0.459623 1.383090
1.742342

415 Book publishers 0.177189 0.100126 0.072032 0.349347 1.565081
1.971605

416 Database, directory, and other publishers 0.204666 0.076086 0.072924
0.353677 1.371757 1.728066

417 Software publishers 0.276748 0.095835 0.096777 0.469360 1.346289
1.695983

418 Motion picture and video industries 0.170005 0.135526 0.079360
0.384891 1.797193 2.264006

419 Sound recording industries 0.155299 0.085592 0.062571 0.303462
1.551140 1.954043

420 Radio and television broadcasting 0.257327 0.143661 0.104155
0.505143 1.558282 1.963040

421 Cable networks and program distribution 0.067418 0.078922 0.038011
0.184351 2.170643 2.734459

422 Telecommunications 0.277056 0.065120 0.088879 0.431055 1.235045
1.555843

423 Information services 0.347321 0.107135 0.118043 0.572499 1.308462
1.648329

424 Data processing services 0.417720 0.103489 0.135382 0.656591
1.247747 1.571844

425 Nondepository credit intermediation and rela 0.369227 0.069611
0.113987 0.552825 1.188532 1.497249

426 Securities, commodity contracts, investments 0.392792 0.143381
0.139269 0.675441 1.365031 1.719592

427 Insurance carriers 0.248071 0.143447 0.101695 0.493213 1.578250
1.988195

428 Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related 0.449267 0.047027
0.128910 0.625204 1.104674 1.391610

429 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 0.114454 0.200424
0.081788 0.396667 2.751138 3.465735

430 Monetary authorities and depository credit in 0.246096 0.086988
0.086517 0.419602 1.353473 1.705033

431 Real estate 0.152311 0.063529 0.056064 0.271904 1.417101 1.785188

432 Automotive equipment rental and leasing 0.208591 0.156957 0.094950
0.460498 1.752461 2.207655

433 Video tape and disc rental 0.295843 0.086990 0.099439 0.482272
1.294040 1.630162

434 Machinery and equipment rental and leasing 0.144133 0.155230
0.077758 0.377121 2.076988 2.616478

435 General and consumer goods rental except vide 0.584516 0.090550
0.175346 0.850412 1.154914 1.454898

436 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets 0.047488 0.005547 0.013776
0.066811 1.116805 1.406890

437 Legal services 0.605873 0.055679 0.171836 0.833387 1.091898 1.375515

438 Accounting and bookkeeping services 0.729786 0.043543 0.200869
0.974198 1.059665 1.334909

439 Architectural and engineering services 0.641779 0.067008 0.184105
0.892891 1.104409 1.391275

440 Specialized design services 0.370308 0.093852 0.120564 0.584723
1.253442 1.579019

441 Custom computer programming services 0.906231 0.036212 0.244796
1.187239 1.039959 1.310084

442 Computer systems design services 0.654032 0.061473 0.185849 0.901354
1.093990 1.378150

443 Other computer related services, including fa 0.632222 0.044848
0.175866 0.852936 1.070938 1.349109

444 Management consulting services 0.646374 0.054528 0.182057 0.882959
1.084360 1.366018

445 Environmental and other technical consulting 0.467837 0.052648
0.135194 0.655678 1.112534 1.401511

446 Scientific research and development services 0.839137 0.073649
0.237093 1.149878 1.087768 1.370311

447 Advertising and related services 0.512053 0.066908 0.150383 0.729343
1.130666 1.424352

448 Photographic services 0.367366 0.072725 0.114312 0.554402 1.197963
1.509129

449 Veterinary services 0.404304 0.124222 0.137283 0.665809 1.307249
1.646802

450 All other miscellaneous professional and tech 0.262517 0.048367
0.080751 0.391634 1.184242 1.491845

451 Management of companies and enterprises 0.456594 0.068846 0.136481
0.661922 1.150782 1.449694

452 Office administrative services 0.290811 0.132943 0.110068 0.533822
1.457144 1.835631

453 Facilities support services 0.361545 0.105680 0.121360 0.588585
1.292301 1.627971

454 Employment services 0.738427 0.051600 0.205206 0.995233 1.069878
1.347775

455 Business support services 0.467253 0.076647 0.141276 0.685175
1.164037 1.466390

456 Travel arrangement and reservation services 0.322709 0.137883
0.119637 0.580229 1.427269 1.797996

457 Investigation and security services 0.667742 0.053336 0.187297
0.908376 1.079876 1.360369

458 Services to buildings and dwellings 0.500739 0.109030 0.158385
0.768154 1.217737 1.534040

459 Other support services 0.238313 0.111364 0.090827 0.440505 1.467303
1.848429

460 Waste management and remediation services 0.350355 0.078493 0.111391
0.540239 1.224039 1.541978

461 Elementary and secondary schools 0.638527 0.078604 0.186272 0.903404
1.123102 1.414824

462 Colleges, universities, and junior colleges 0.470348 0.097744
0.147560 0.715652 1.207813 1.521538

463 Other educational services 0.367948 0.091428 0.119321 0.578697
1.248482 1.572771

464 Home health care services 0.599646 0.082659 0.177226 0.859531
1.137846 1.433398

465 Offices of physicians, dentists, and other he 0.675870 0.046234
0.187564 0.909667 1.068406 1.345920

466 Other ambulatory health care services 0.358135 0.131216 0.127107
0.616458 1.366387 1.721301

467 Hospitals 0.441763 0.120184 0.145964 0.707912 1.272056 1.602468

468 Nursing and residential care facilities 0.546789 0.084533 0.163983
0.795305 1.154599 1.454502

469 Child day care services 0.375630 0.083323 0.119211 0.578164 1.221822
1.539185

470 Social assistance, except child day care serv 0.507867 0.092362
0.155907 0.756136 1.181862 1.488846

471 Performing arts companies 0.498685 0.069630 0.147618 0.715933
1.139627 1.435640

472 Spectator sports 0.747966 0.037762 0.204090 0.989817 1.050486
1.323346

473 Independent artists, writers, and performers 0.255586 0.123384
0.098436 0.477406 1.482747 1.867885

474 Promoters of performing arts and sports and a 0.333689 0.068807
0.104547 0.507043 1.206202 1.519508

475 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks 0.545051 0.129841
0.175301 0.850192 1.238218 1.559841

476 Fitness and recreational sports centers 0.522552 0.073428 0.154804
0.750784 1.140518 1.436763

477 Bowling centers 0.346928 0.091994 0.114008 0.552930 1.265166
1.593788

478 Other amusement, gambling, and recreation ind 0.317999 0.095120
0.107306 0.520426 1.299120 1.636562

479 Hotels and motels, including casino hotels 0.392269 0.031704
0.110125 0.534098 1.080822 1.361561

480 Other accommodations 0.365032 0.078513 0.115209 0.558754 1.215085
1.530699

481 Food services and drinking places 0.364475 0.103324 0.121509
0.589308 1.283486 1.616867

482 Car washes 0.536011 0.084184 0.161093 0.781288 1.157058 1.457599

483 Automotive repair and maintenance, except car 0.396986 0.104655
0.130299 0.631940 1.263623 1.591845

484 Electronic equipment repair and maintenance 0.297160 0.120220
0.108413 0.525794 1.404563 1.769393

485 Commercial machinery repair and maintenance 0.323487 0.108115
0.112107 0.543709 1.334218 1.680776

486 Household goods repair and maintenance 0.184446 0.117656 0.078470
0.380571 1.637886 2.063321

487 Personal care services 0.439317 0.096810 0.139257 0.675383 1.220365
1.537350

488 Death care services 0.424906 0.093840 0.134742 0.653488 1.220848
1.537959

489 Drycleaning and laundry services 0.488379 0.099683 0.152747 0.740810
1.204110 1.516873

490 Other personal services 0.174060 0.126174 0.077985 0.378219 1.724884
2.172916

491 Religious organizations 0.715033 0.056411 0.200379 0.971823 1.078892
1.359130

492 Grantmaking and giving and social advocacy or 0.357021 0.131598
0.126917 0.615536 1.368600 1.724089

493 Civic, social, professional and similar organ 0.412938 0.113866
0.136835 0.663640 1.275747 1.607117

494 Private households 1.000000 -1.000000 1.259746 1.259746 0.000000
1.259746

495 Federal electric utilities 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

496 Other Federal Government enterprises 0.242511 0.041458 0.073760
0.357728 1.170951 1.475102

497 State and local government passenger transit 0.713232 0.180323
0.232097 1.125652 1.252825 1.578242

498 State and local government electric utilities 0.075017 0.034706
0.028500 0.138222 1.462638 1.842552

499 Other State and local government enterprises 0.168999 0.072604
0.062755 0.304358 1.429614 1.800951

500 Noncomparable imports 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000

501 Scrap 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

502 Used and secondhand goods 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

503 State & Local Education 1.000000 -1.000000 1.259746 1.259746
0.000000 1.259746

504 State & Local Non-Education 1.000000 -1.000000 1.259746 1.259746
0.000000 1.259746

505 Federal Military 1.000000 -1.000000 1.259746 1.259746 0.000000
1.259746

506 Federal Non-Military 1.000000 -1.000000 1.259746 1.259746 0.000000
1.259746

507 Rest of the world adjustment to final uses 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

508 Inventory valuation adjustment 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

509 Owner-occupied dwellings 0.000000 0.045575 0.011838 0.057413
0.000000 0.000000

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**APPENDIX**

**IMPLAN**

**EMPLOYMENT MULTIPLIERS**

**SOUTH CAROLINA**

Copyright MIG 2006

The Direct, Indirect, Induced, and Total Effects are per million dollars
of output. For example, in Sector 32, Water, Sewage, and Other Systems,
\$1,000,000 of services delivered employs 9.614435 (FTE). The supplier
firms (transportation, utilities, chemicals, and so forth) employ
another 1.643567 (Indirect). The spending by these employees creates
additional demand in South Carolina for goods and services. This
combined demand employs 4.610040 jobs (Induced).

The Type I and Type II multipliers are related to jobs. For every job in
Water and Sewage services a total of 1.650439 jobs are supported in the
state (the sum of direct, indirect, and induced).

Type I multipliers = (Direct + Indirect)/Direct

Type II multipliers = (Direct + Indirect + Induced)/ Direct

> Description Direct Indirect Induced Total Type I Type II

Effects Effects Effects Effects Multiplier Multiplier

1 Oilseed farming 26.715464 3.683649 1.038318 31.437431 1.137884
1.176750

2 Grain farming 40.436352 3.897861 1.205174 45.539387 1.096395 1.126199

3 Vegetable and melon farming 14.661175 2.407740 1.699544 18.768458
1.164226 1.280147

4 Tree nut farming 16.817736 3.863047 1.877139 22.557922 1.229701
1.341317

5 Fruit farming 25.546276 3.556774 2.658145 31.761195 1.139229 1.243281

6 Greenhouse and nursery production 22.085661 1.290855 2.949892
26.326408 1.058448 1.192014

7 Tobacco farming 41.906593 3.150894 1.288874 46.346361 1.075189
1.105944

8 Cotton farming 13.555071 5.255447 2.243509 21.054027 1.387711 1.553221

9 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

10 All other crop farming 13.323692 2.951931 1.459837 17.735460 1.221555
1.331122

11 Cattle ranching and farming 19.510468 5.890419 1.539046 26.939933
1.301911 1.380794

12 Poultry and egg production 4.928721 2.047217 1.235394 8.211333
1.415365 1.666017

13 Animal production, except cattle and poultry 53.957745 4.008003
1.835926 59.801674 1.074280 1.108306

14 Logging 5.036038 3.769327 2.863632 11.668997 1.748471 2.317099

15 Forest nurseries, forest products, and timber 2.675939 10.465449
3.175799 16.317187 4.910944 6.097742

16 Fishing 48.162403 2.359238 6.396311 56.917952 1.048985 1.181792

17 Hunting and trapping 16.236578 11.471563 3.323073 31.031215 1.706526
1.911192

18 Agriculture and forestry support activities 39.933208 2.697823
8.538542 51.169573 1.067558 1.281379

19 Oil and gas extraction 5.393377 1.236897 1.674614 8.304887 1.229336
1.539831

20 Coal mining 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

21 Iron ore mining 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

22 Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

23 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining 5.022422 1.283782 4.319777
10.625981 1.255610 2.115708

24 Stone mining and quarrying 6.160911 1.802351 3.668573 11.631836
1.292546 1.888006

25 Sand, gravel, clay, and refractory mining 8.245003 1.113986 4.182618
13.541606 1.135110 1.642402

26 Other nonmetallic mineral mining 5.348657 1.656442 3.723021 10.728120
1.309693 2.005760

27 Drilling oil and gas wells 21.758244 4.284113 1.648966 27.691323
1.196896 1.272682

28 Support activities for oil and gas operations 21.181618 3.773888
1.377145 26.332651 1.178168 1.243184

29 Support activities for other mining 9.034610 5.623174 1.788137
16.445921 1.622404 1.820324

30 Power generation and supply 2.544809 1.097400 2.340084 5.982293
1.431231 2.350782

31 Natural gas distribution 2.109073 1.310065 1.795385 5.214522 1.621157
2.472424

32 Water, sewage and other systems 9.614435 1.643567 4.610040 15.868042
1.170948 1.650439

33 New residential 1-unit structures, nonfarm 7.788798 4.986279 3.997273
16.772350 1.640186 2.153394

34 New multifamily housing structures, nonfarm 10.514746 3.846109
4.601538 18.962393 1.365782 1.803410

35 New residential additions and alterations, no 6.929858 4.719587
3.561886 15.211332 1.681051 2.195042

36 New farm housing units and additions and alterations 5.826953
5.197706 3.401439 14.426098 1.892011 2.475753

37 Manufacturing and industrial buildings 13.806949 2.235784 5.281905
21.324637 1.161932 1.544486

38 Commercial and institutional buildings 13.357621 3.825124 5.545278
22.728023 1.286363 1.701502

39 Highway, street, bridge, and tunnel construct 12.192914 2.690728
4.924993 19.808635 1.220680 1.624602

40 Water, sewer, and pipeline construction 10.934798 2.777210 4.556346
18.268355 1.253979 1.670662

41 Other new construction 12.157278 3.260498 5.165161 20.582937 1.268193
1.693055

42 Maintenance and repair of farm and nonfarm repair 7.153089 4.129061
3.548068 14.830219 1.577242 2.073261

43 Maintenance and repair of nonresidential buildings 13.600435 3.895063
5.515219 23.010718 1.286393 1.691910

44 Maintenance and repair of highways, streets, 6.884811 4.234123
3.679505 14.798440 1.614995 2.149433

45 Other maintenance and repair construction 13.013507 3.044854 5.319764
21.378125 1.233976 1.642764

46 Dog and cat food manufacturing 1.728276 2.853794 1.923312 6.505383
2.651237 3.764087

47 Other animal food manufacturing 2.001602 2.906441 1.621359 6.529402
2.452057 3.262088

48 Flour milling 2.269909 3.805677 2.121810 8.197397 2.676577 3.611332

49 Rice milling 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

50 Malt manufacturing 2.778693 4.660532 2.043825 9.483049 2.677239
3.412774

51 Wet corn milling 1.148207 3.781100 1.938692 6.867999 4.293046
5.981497

52 Soybean processing 0.829326 3.594585 1.368374 5.792286 5.334344
6.984327

53 Other oilseed processing 2.254842 3.741393 2.070316 8.066552 2.659271
3.577435

54 Fats and oils refining and blending 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

55 Breakfast cereal manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

56 Sugar manufacturing 2.503947 2.645099 1.322854 6.471900 2.056372
2.584679

57 Confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

58 Confectionery manufacturing from purchased chocolate 7.280642
2.999345 2.241641 12.521628 1.411962 1.719852

59 Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing 4.854047 2.533669 2.364242
9.751958 1.521970 2.009037

60 Frozen food manufacturing 4.323081 3.123538 2.693205 10.139824
1.722526 2.345508

61 Fruit and vegetable canning and drying 2.908392 2.917200 2.315136
8.140728 2.003028 2.799048

62 Fluid milk manufacturing 2.470067 6.809431 1.919090 11.198588
3.756780 4.533719

63 Creamery butter manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

64 Cheese manufacturing 1.819849 6.088522 1.445271 9.353643 4.345620
5.139791

65 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products 2.129007 4.634187
1.732404 8.495598 3.176690 3.990405

66 Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing 3.591335 4.059306 1.972268
9.622909 2.130306 2.679479

67 Animal, except poultry, slaughtering 2.809714 11.014562 1.797784
15.622060 4.920171 5.560017

68 Meat processed from carcasses 4.407478 5.714478 2.809591 12.931547
2.296541 2.934001

69 Rendering and meat byproduct processing 4.313600 3.252859 2.702486
10.268945 1.754094 2.380597

70 Poultry processing 6.644166 5.240304 3.025730 14.910200 1.788708
2.244104

71 Seafood product preparation and packaging 4.941422 3.346530 2.655941
10.943893 1.677240 2.214725

72 Frozen cakes and other pastries manufacturing 2.206510 3.254121
2.098484 7.559115 2.474782 3.425823

73 Bread and bakery product, except frozen, manufacturing 8.241735
1.870212 3.654893 13.766840 1.226920 1.670381

74 Cookie and cracker manufacturing 2.998944 1.808423 2.286779 7.094146
1.603020 2.365548

75 Mixes and dough made from purchased flour 4.018160 2.138683 2.185413
8.342256 1.532254 2.076138

76 Dry pasta manufacturing 4.643745 1.647864 3.244352 9.535962 1.354857
2.053507

77 Tortilla manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000

78 Roasted nuts and peanut butter manufacturing 2.929662 2.865495
1.335491 7.130648 1.978097 2.433949

79 Other snack food manufacturing 3.425038 3.237797 2.227819 8.890654
1.945332 2.595783

80 Coffee and tea manufacturing 1.791151 5.515799 2.035221 9.342171
4.079472 5.215736

81 Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

82 Mayonnaise, dressing, and sauce manufacturing 2.178423 2.646236
2.025322 6.849982 2.214748 3.144468

83 Spice and extract manufacturing 4.812811 4.090557 2.249533 11.152901
1.849931 2.317336

84 All other food manufacturing 3.772983 4.252989 2.045149 10.071120
2.127222 2.669273

85 Soft drink and ice manufacturing 3.361129 2.161141 2.690294 8.212563
1.642981 2.443394

86 Breweries 2.537828 1.363079 1.925363 5.826270 1.537105 2.295770

87 Wineries 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

88 Distilleries 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

89 Tobacco stemming and redrying 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

90 Cigarette manufacturing 1.271627 1.665984 1.399814 4.337425 2.310120
3.410925

91 Other tobacco product manufacturing 4.724979 2.028313 1.643816
8.397109 1.429274 1.777174

92 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills 6.182160 2.434681 2.722978 11.339819
1.393824 1.834281

93 Broadwoven fabric mills 7.836285 2.627660 3.915184 14.379129 1.335320
1.834942

94 Narrow fabric mills and schiffli embroidery 11.244446 2.120471
4.045295 17.410212 1.188579 1.548339

95 Nonwoven fabric mills 3.159798 2.470514 2.362309 7.992620 1.781858
2.529472

96 Knit fabric mills 4.891123 2.908590 2.956978 10.756691 1.594667
2.199227

97 Textile and fabric finishing mills 6.954341 3.222520 3.622133
13.798995 1.463382 1.984227

98 Fabric coating mills 6.664663 2.634935 3.447105 12.746703 1.395359
1.912580

99 Carpet and rug mills 4.378641 2.461941 2.531706 9.372288 1.562262
2.140456

100 Curtain and linen mills 7.507339 2.872543 3.225485 13.605367
1.382631 1.812276

101 Textile bag and canvas mills 13.245731 2.712100 4.350320 20.308151
1.204753 1.533185

102 Tire cord and tire fabric mills 3.761548 1.947018 2.252372 7.960938
1.517611 2.116399

103 Other miscellaneous textile product mills 7.150185 2.945837 3.324766
13.420788 1.411994 1.876985

104 Sheer hosiery mills 11.960487 1.729149 5.459819 19.149456 1.144572
1.601060

105 Other hosiery and sock mills 9.082122 3.404638 3.650092 16.136852
1.374873 1.776771

106 Other apparel knitting mills 11.058094 2.226868 4.569252 17.854214
1.201379 1.614583

107 Cut and sew apparel manufacturing 8.940119 2.339761 3.218465
14.498345 1.261715 1.621717

108 Accessories and other apparel manufacturing 8.915489 2.061363
4.053103 15.029956 1.231211 1.685825

109 Leather and hide tanning and finishing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

110 Footwear manufacturing 15.195983 2.525710 3.264261 20.985954
1.166209 1.381020

111 Other leather product manufacturing 16.635969 0.640621 4.136785
21.413375 1.038508 1.287173

112 Sawmills 5.454976 4.565355 3.522049 13.542380 1.836916 2.482574

113 Wood preservation 3.162082 5.698195 3.057588 11.917864 2.802039
3.768993

114 Reconstituted wood product manufacturing 3.826047 3.141017 2.710896
9.677960 1.820956 2.529493

115 Veneer and plywood manufacturing 6.696501 5.054480 4.056695
15.807676 1.754794 2.360587

116 Engineered wood member and truss manufacturing 9.141503 3.456097
3.765117 16.362717 1.378067 1.789937

117 Wood windows and door manufacturing 7.358375 3.569053 3.764192
14.691621 1.485033 1.996585

118 Cut stock, resawing lumber, and planing 4.201622 5.687721 2.793973
12.683317 2.353696 3.018671

119 Other millwork, including flooring 11.779607 3.633870 4.996665
20.410141 1.308488 1.732667

120 Wood container and pallet manufacturing 14.610075 3.846430 4.478275
22.934780 1.263272 1.569792

121 Manufactured home, mobile home, manufacturing 8.701361 2.273567
3.578702 14.553630 1.261289 1.672570

122 Prefabricated wood building manufacturing 7.421742 3.791872 3.800785
15.014399 1.510914 2.023029

123 Miscellaneous wood product manufacturing 7.422343 4.145547 3.359143
14.927033 1.558523 2.011094

124 Pulp mills 2.342020 5.437256 2.621939 10.401216 3.321609 4.441130

125 Paper and paperboard mills 2.263683 3.022746 2.909625 8.196054
2.335322 3.620672

126 Paperboard container manufacturing 4.436331 1.625338 3.262332
9.324001 1.366370 2.101737

127 Flexible packaging foil manufacturing 1.187973 3.751313 1.925686
6.864971 4.157743 5.778729

128 Surface-coated paperboard manufacturing 2.989082 2.918708 2.715633
8.623422 1.976457 2.884974

129 Coated and laminated paper and packaging mate 4.044290 2.256698
3.251961 9.552948 1.557996 2.362083

130 Coated and uncoated paper bag manufacturing 8.091078 1.837953
4.896785 14.825815 1.227158 1.832366

131 Die-cut paper office supplies manufacturing 4.228207 2.284837
3.235776 9.748820 1.540380 2.305663

132 Envelope manufacturing 5.682505 2.306919 4.278069 12.267494 1.405969
2.158818

133 Stationery and related product manufacturing 3.169034 2.127326
2.633872 7.930231 1.671285 2.502413

134 Sanitary paper product manufacturing 3.683632 1.958496 3.427843
9.069971 1.531675 2.462236

135 All other converted paper product manufacturing 4.569219 2.196688
3.132871 9.898778 1.480758 2.166405

136 Manifold business forms printing 6.553636 1.347392 3.502186
11.403214 1.205595 1.739983

137 Books printing 7.703881 1.938976 4.109377 13.752234 1.251688
1.785105

138 Blankbook and looseleaf binder manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

139 Commercial printing 8.380732 2.210941 3.998125 14.589798 1.263812
1.740874

140 Tradebinding and related work 16.177485 2.405439 4.365838 22.948762
1.148691 1.418562

141 Prepress services 12.831130 0.936934 7.158034 20.926098 1.073020
1.630885

142 Petroleum refineries 0.390955 1.709923 0.996310 3.097188 5.373703
7.922101

143 Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing 2.141072 2.467351
2.423947 7.032371 2.152390 3.284509

144 Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing 2.686077
2.513534 2.963705 8.163316 1.935764 3.039123

145 Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing 1.815046 2.732675
2.381969 6.929691 2.505568 3.817914

146 All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing 7.484898
2.388379 1.481093 11.354370 1.319093 1.516971

147 Petrochemical manufacturing 2.218937 2.404119 1.566895 6.189950
2.083455 2.789602

148 Industrial gas manufacturing 4.285566 1.147561 4.586496 10.019623
1.267773 2.337993

149 Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing 3.288870 2.139168 3.614903
9.042941 1.650427 2.749559

150 Other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing 2.584007 2.337771
3.235816 8.157595 1.904708 3.156955

151 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing 0.800932 3.051829
1.894473 5.747234 4.810349 7.175685

152 Plastics material and resin manufacturing 1.304169 2.297731 2.023264
5.625165 2.761836 4.313218

153 Synthetic rubber manufacturing 2.422559 2.084099 2.688413 7.195071
1.860288 2.970029

154 Cellulosic organic fiber manufacturing 3.529865 2.146867 4.075119
9.751851 1.608201 2.762670

155 Noncellulosic organic fiber manufacturing 3.769739 2.394230 3.603338
9.767307 1.635118 2.590977

156 Nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing 3.393613 1.902724 2.649226
7.945563 1.560678 2.341328

157 Phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing 1.978444 4.004951 2.767011
8.750405 3.024294 4.422873

158 Fertilizer, mixing only, manufacturing 3.031363 2.696212 2.124197
7.851773 1.889439 2.590179

159 Pesticide and other agricultural chemical man 3.253492 2.148141
2.645977 8.047609 1.660257 2.473530

160 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing 2.136451 2.458732 2.374528
6.969711 2.150849 3.262285

161 Paint and coating manufacturing 2.554062 2.439060 2.635996 7.629118
1.954973 2.987053

162 Adhesive manufacturing 3.627096 2.409469 3.120067 9.156633 1.664297
2.524508

163 Soap and other detergent manufacturing 1.823857 2.707068 2.341613
6.872538 2.484254 3.768134

164 Polish and other sanitation good manufacturing 4.124301 2.128128
3.081938 9.334367 1.515997 2.263260

165 Surface active agent manufacturing 1.328529 3.048070 2.287222
6.663820 3.294320 5.015941

166 Toilet preparation manufacturing 1.969179 2.657724 2.092741 6.719644
2.349660 3.412409

167 Printing ink manufacturing 3.257406 2.546497 3.140306 8.944210
1.781756 2.745808

168 Explosives manufacturing 10.338262 2.524578 3.425434 16.288274
1.244197 1.575533

169 Custom compounding of purchased resins 3.294199 2.343702 2.786972
8.424873 1.711463 2.557487

170 Photographic film and chemical manufacturing 2.775624 2.425302
3.286606 8.487532 1.873786 3.057882

171 Other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing 2.797110 2.633723
3.281489 8.712322 1.941587 3.114758

172 Plastics packaging materials, film and sheet 3.123133 2.256501
2.581692 7.961326 1.722512 2.549147

173 Plastics pipe, fittings, and profile shapes 5.996353 2.144752
3.095362 11.236467 1.357676 1.873884

174 Laminated plastics plate, sheet, and shapes 9.908572 1.431556
5.415685 16.755813 1.144477 1.691042

175 Plastics bottle manufacturing 4.424695 2.211868 2.886973 9.523537
1.499892 2.152360

176 Resilient floor covering manufacturing 5.275928 1.223611 3.465478
9.965018 1.231923 1.888771

177 Plastics plumbing fixtures and all other plastics 5.119236 2.490769
2.955547 10.565552 1.486551 2.063893

178 Foam product manufacturing 4.381680 2.338642 2.736611 9.456933
1.533732 2.158289

179 Tire manufacturing 4.939531 1.559069 3.726352 10.224952 1.315631
2.070025

180 Rubber and plastics hose and belting manufacturing 7.260106 1.846209
3.447402 12.553717 1.254295 1.729137

181 Other rubber product manufacturing 5.807877 2.098847 3.025018
10.931742 1.361379 1.882227

182 Vitreous china plumbing fixture manufacturing 8.267990 1.626868
4.593981 14.488840 1.196767 1.752402

183 Vitreous china and earthenware articles manufacturing 16.398657
1.640461 5.601865 23.640983 1.100036 1.441641

184 Porcelain electrical supply manufacturing 7.480801 2.535485 4.649906
14.666192 1.338932 1.960511

185 Brick and structural clay tile manufacturing 7.048143 2.325959
3.939993 13.314095 1.330010 1.889022

186 Ceramic wall and floor tile manufacturing 10.427235 1.873626
5.505795 17.806655 1.179686 1.707706

187 Nonclay refractory manufacturing 6.873233 1.932940 4.252828
13.059000 1.281227 1.899979

188 Clay refractory and other structural clay pro 9.247923 3.502265
3.033942 15.784130 1.378708 1.706776

189 Glass container manufacturing 5.011168 2.403762 3.422450 10.837379
1.479681 2.162646

190 Glass and glass products, except glass containers 5.415460 2.397929
3.972780 11.786169 1.442793 2.176393

191 Cement manufacturing 2.090255 1.911533 2.221698 6.223487 1.914498
2.977381

192 Ready-mix concrete manufacturing 5.442042 2.321600 3.524489
11.288132 1.426605 2.074245

193 Concrete block and brick manufacturing 5.343459 2.635777 3.415114
11.394350 1.493272 2.132392

194 Concrete pipe manufacturing 4.732695 2.392259 2.991696 10.116650
1.505475 2.137609

195 Other concrete product manufacturing 6.743563 2.000388 3.911075
12.655025 1.296637 1.876608

196 Lime manufacturing 4.748744 2.533623 2.853782 10.136150 1.533535
2.134490

197 Gypsum product manufacturing 4.279821 2.490737 2.584535 9.355093
1.581972 2.185861

198 Abrasive product manufacturing 3.970669 2.875923 2.480249 9.326842
1.724292 2.348934

199 Cut stone and stone product manufacturing 10.615974 2.761518
4.313557 17.691050 1.260129 1.666456

200 Ground or treated minerals and earths manufacturing 1.973168
1.809825 1.871126 5.654118 1.917218 2.865503

201 Mineral wool manufacturing 4.032128 2.140481 3.459744 9.632353
1.530856 2.388900

202 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 6.274385 1.658776
3.716394 11.649555 1.264373 1.856685

203 Iron and steel mills 2.185013 2.661970 2.489242 7.336224 2.218286
3.357521

204 Ferroalloy and related product manufacturing 8.065619 1.723628
2.663739 12.452985 1.213701 1.543959

205 Iron, steel pipe and tube from purchased steel 4.531309 1.662799
2.537683 8.731791 1.366958 1.926991

206 Rolled steel shape manufacturing 6.142709 1.657775 3.419354
11.219838 1.269877 1.826529

207 Steel wire drawing 2.631839 2.095874 1.749555 6.477268 1.796354
2.461119

208 Alumina refining 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000

209 Primary aluminum production 2.811651 1.996001 2.859041 7.666693
1.709903 2.726758

210 Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum 1.822477 3.239071
1.955195 7.016744 2.777290 3.850113

211 Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil manufacturing 1.590629 1.666117
1.619642 4.876388 2.047458 3.065698

212 Aluminum extruded product manufacturing 5.203951 1.208767 2.522004
8.934722 1.232279 1.716911

213 Other aluminum rolling and drawing 9.262479 0.955446 2.612453
12.830379 1.103152 1.385199

214 Primary smelting and refining of copper 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

215 Primary nonferrous metal, except copper and a 5.009258 1.806638
1.786599 8.602495 1.360660 1.717319

216 Copper rolling, drawing, and extruding 2.891368 1.696102 1.875433
6.462903 1.586609 2.235241

217 Copper wire, except mechanical, drawing 6.232429 1.751072 4.042727
12.026228 1.280961 1.929621

218 Secondary processing of copper 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

219 Nonferrous metal, except copper and aluminum, 4.022564 1.595982
2.681446 8.299992 1.396757 2.063359

220 Secondary processing of other nonferrous 3.462732 2.927311 2.804465
9.194508 1.845376 2.655276

221 Ferrous metal foundaries 5.902272 2.054902 4.738407 12.695581
1.348154 2.150965

222 Aluminum foundries 6.616220 2.076591 3.401492 12.094304 1.313864
1.827978

223 Nonferrous foundries, except aluminum 6.068354 1.920534 3.234219
11.223107 1.316483 1.849448

224 Iron and steel forging 6.477902 1.561360 3.928531 11.967793 1.241029
1.847480

225 Nonferrous forging 4.706570 1.280076 2.855544 8.842190 1.271976
1.878691

226 Custom roll forming 1.550354 2.180139 1.477254 5.207748 2.406220
3.359070

227 All other forging and stamping 6.964526 2.078388 3.408666 12.451580
1.298425 1.787857

228 Cutlery and flatware, except precious, manufacturing 4.736844
1.807220 3.128036 9.672101 1.381524 2.041887

229 Hand and edge tool manufacturing 7.309084 2.293328 3.518877
13.121289 1.313764 1.795203

230 Saw blade and handsaw manufacturing 5.895998 2.275081 3.004248
11.175327 1.385869 1.895409

231 Kitchen utensil, pot, and pan manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

232 Prefabricated metal buildings and components 6.317896 1.845092
3.129674 11.292662 1.292042 1.787409

233 Fabricated structural metal manufacturing 5.032374 1.590518 2.819172
9.442065 1.316057 1.876264

234 Plate work manufacturing 7.074437 1.112332 5.237514 13.424283
1.157233 1.897576

235 Metal window and door manufacturing 8.673440 1.768145 3.271283
13.712868 1.203857 1.581018

236 Sheet metal work manufacturing 7.025223 1.584311 3.202781 11.812315
1.225518 1.681415

237 Ornamental and architectural metal work manufacturing 7.981375
1.647355 3.635285 13.264015 1.206400 1.661871

238 Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing 6.127591 1.649390
3.642403 11.419383 1.269174 1.863601

239 Metal tank, heavy gauge, manufacturing 5.457820 2.050059 3.059080
10.566959 1.375619 1.936114

240 Metal can, box, and other container manufacturing 3.565671 1.640575
2.435793 7.642039 1.460103 2.143226

241 Hardware manufacturing 4.514793 1.989110 2.413045 8.916949 1.440576
1.975051

242 Spring and wire product manufacturing 8.182850 1.521972 3.742899
13.447721 1.185995 1.643403

243 Machine shops 9.299935 2.235887 4.435160 15.970982 1.240420 1.717322

244 Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing 5.564415
2.201052 3.346138 11.111606 1.395558 1.996904

245 Metal heat treating 5.875891 2.289798 3.337467 11.503156 1.389694
1.957687

246 Metal coating and nonprecious engraving 5.299622 1.933002 2.905586
10.138210 1.364743 1.913006

247 Electroplating, anodizing, and coloring metal 12.190565 1.606302
5.638435 19.435302 1.131766 1.594290

248 Metal valve manufacturing 6.102180 1.808866 2.971157 10.882204
1.296429 1.783330

249 Ball and roller bearing manufacturing 7.425231 2.263545 4.197854
13.886629 1.304845 1.870195

250 Small arms manufacturing 6.160207 1.859357 3.654663 11.674226
1.301834 1.895103

251 Other ordnance and accessories manufacturing 7.469505 3.094893
2.674356 13.238755 1.414337 1.772374

252 Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing 7.796368 1.401328
4.102654 13.300350 1.179741 1.705967

253 Industrial pattern manufacturing 16.461899 1.690220 6.071448
24.223567 1.102675 1.471493

254 Enameled iron and metal sanitary ware manufacturing 11.326870
1.551710 4.169981 17.048561 1.136994 1.505143

255 Miscellaneous fabricated metal product manufacturing 5.159073
1.959645 2.774001 9.892719 1.379844 1.917538

256 Ammunition manufacturing 9.864900 2.991090 2.885892 15.741881
1.303205 1.595747

257 Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing 4.171970 2.295737
2.689580 9.157288 1.550276 2.194955

258 Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing 3.446215 2.589119 2.125179
8.160513 1.751294 2.367964

259 Construction machinery manufacturing 2.838535 2.426487 2.253469
7.518492 1.854838 2.648722

260 Mining machinery and equipment manufacturing 5.231277 1.791969
3.302826 10.326072 1.342549 1.973910

261 Oil and gas field machinery and equipment 6.075202 2.615767 2.005955
10.696925 1.430565 1.760752

262 Sawmill and woodworking machinery 7.421052 2.684618 3.216870
13.322541 1.361757 1.795236

263 Plastics and rubber industry machinery 5.477570 2.433726 3.237303
11.148598 1.444308 2.035318

264 Paper industry machinery manufacturing 5.807766 2.617531 3.913129
12.338426 1.450695 2.124470

265 Textile machinery manufacturing 7.092462 2.304211 4.026692 13.423365
1.324882 1.892624

266 Printing machinery and equipment manufacturing 5.524770 2.802222
3.179580 11.506572 1.507211 2.082724

267 Food product machinery manufacturing 8.043219 2.824977 3.328877
14.197073 1.351225 1.765098

268 Semiconductor machinery manufacturing 2.705808 2.739313 2.450180
7.895301 2.012383 2.917909

269 All other industrial machinery manufacturing 4.185863 2.656707
3.112328 9.954897 1.634686 2.378219

270 Office machinery manufacturing 5.113706 2.926235 2.129349 10.169290
1.572234 1.988634

271 Optical instrument and lens manufacturing 5.505201 2.611413 4.350906
12.467520 1.474354 2.264680

272 Photographic and photocopying equipment manufacturing 4.704093
2.133657 3.502136 10.339886 1.453575 2.198062

273 Other commercial and service industry machine 5.407079 2.541172
3.161215 11.109467 1.469971 2.054615

274 Automatic vending, commercial laundry and dry 6.117625 2.441346
3.077485 11.636455 1.399068 1.902120

275 Air purification equipment manufacturing 9.149334 1.850610 3.763338
14.763282 1.202267 1.613591

276 Industrial and commercial fan and blower manufacturing 7.823864
1.890672 3.534531 13.249067 1.241655 1.693417

277 Heating equipment, except warm air furnaces 6.074145 1.871248
3.004502 10.949894 1.308068 1.802705

278 AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating 4.959072 2.361924 2.823482
10.144479 1.476283 2.045640

279 Industrial mold manufacturing 8.788205 2.314142 5.087851 16.190198
1.263324 1.842265

280 Metal cutting machine tool manufacturing 7.116279 2.304560 4.410841
13.831679 1.323843 1.943667

281 Metal forming machine tool manufacturing 7.791043 2.021230 4.327104
14.139377 1.259430 1.814825

282 Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing 11.019359 2.017687
5.959800 18.996845 1.183104 1.723952

283 Cutting tool and machine tool accessory manufacturing 6.769705
2.516350 3.984931 13.270985 1.371707 1.960349

284 Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery 4.250411 2.728509
3.442596 10.421516 1.641940 2.451885

285 Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing 1.690198
2.040480 2.016671 5.747349 2.207243 3.400400

286 Other engine equipment manufacturing 2.661087 2.402782 2.243813
7.307682 1.902933 2.746127

287 Speed changers and mechanical power transmissions 6.983207 2.176974
3.973720 13.133901 1.311744 1.880784

288 Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing 4.789701 2.214095 2.941869
9.945666 1.462262 2.076469

289 Air and gas compressor manufacturing 7.577978 2.634721 2.132460
12.345159 1.347681 1.629084

290 Measuring and dispensing pump manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

291 Elevator and moving stairway manufacturing 5.546506 2.549817
2.865053 10.961376 1.459716 1.976267

292 Conveyor and conveying equipment manufacturing 6.026752 2.292777
3.647140 11.966668 1.380433 1.985592

293 Overhead cranes, hoists, and monorail systems 6.210732 2.134402
2.789280 11.134413 1.343663 1.792770

294 Industrial truck, trailer, and stacker manufacturing 5.136957
2.696955 3.433289 11.267201 1.525010 2.193361

295 Power-driven handtool manufacturing 4.577040 2.501405 3.234130
10.312575 1.546511 2.253110

296 Welding and soldering equipment manufacturing 3.994226 2.241976
3.035147 9.271349 1.561304 2.321187

297 Packaging machinery manufacturing 4.936830 2.718488 3.673942
11.329260 1.550655 2.294845

298 Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing 7.890877 1.617489
4.396786 13.905153 1.204982 1.762181

299 Fluid power cylinder and actuator manufacturing 5.804805 2.183363
3.544979 11.533148 1.376130 1.986828

300 Fluid power pump and motor manufacturing 6.150179 2.186531 3.748841
12.085551 1.355523 1.965073

301 Scales, balances, and miscellaneous general p 5.492448 2.340790
3.000487 10.833725 1.426183 1.972476

302 Electronic computer manufacturing 2.513033 2.190758 2.329631
7.033422 1.871759 2.798779

303 Computer storage device manufacturing 5.361722 2.332185 2.096627
9.790534 1.434969 1.826005

304 Computer terminal manufacturing 8.302243 2.649502 2.823798 13.775543
1.319131 1.659256

305 Other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing 4.026012 2.736362
3.203011 9.965385 1.679671 2.475250

306 Telephone apparatus manufacturing 2.994869 2.640795 2.763097
8.398761 1.881773 2.804383

307 Broadcast and wireless communications equipment 2.944169 2.599416
2.487175 8.030761 1.882903 2.727683

308 Other communications equipment manufacturing 5.848876 2.699753
4.113118 12.661747 1.461585 2.164817

309 Audio and video equipment manufacturing 5.402459 3.569011 3.491586
12.463056 1.660627 2.306923

310 Electron tube manufacturing 6.829618 2.671817 5.736926 15.238360
1.391210 2.231217

311 Semiconductors and related device manufacturing 6.992242 3.443954
2.984123 13.420319 1.492539 1.919316

312 All other electronic component manufacturing 5.817599 2.684075
3.676174 12.177849 1.461372 2.093277

313 Electromedical apparatus manufacturing 3.803569 3.314436 3.286242
10.404247 1.871401 2.735391

314 Search, detection, and navigation instruments 5.101872 2.651202
4.145698 11.898773 1.519653 2.332237

315 Automatic environmental control manufacturing 12.345572 1.932727
5.176355 19.454654 1.156552 1.575841

316 Industrial process variable instruments 10.695345 2.464040 5.313723
18.473108 1.230384 1.727210

317 Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices 3.820219 2.920619
2.670414 9.411252 1.764516 2.463537

318 Electricity and signal testing instruments 5.595851 2.667174
3.346522 11.609548 1.476634 2.074671

319 Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing 5.433989 3.590021
4.085605 13.109615 1.660660 2.412522

320 Irradiation apparatus manufacturing 3.097715 3.757286 1.876032
8.731032 2.212922 2.818540

321 Watch, clock, and other measuring and control 6.882675 2.822234
3.894465 13.599374 1.410049 1.975885

322 Software reproducing 8.130973 1.327209 5.839268 15.297450 1.163229
1.881380

323 Audio and video media reproduction 6.511274 2.807831 3.098553
12.417659 1.431226 1.907101

324 Magnetic and optical recording media manufacturing 3.110734 4.345343
2.774357 10.230433 2.396887 3.288753

325 Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing 9.155117 2.397476 4.234409
15.787003 1.261873 1.724391

326 Lighting fixture manufacturing 5.419239 2.003315 3.340612 10.763166
1.369667 1.986103

327 Electric housewares and household fan manufacturing 12.467334
2.139831 3.119242 17.726407 1.171635 1.421828

328 Household vacuum cleaner manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

329 Household cooking appliance manufacturing 4.704874 2.294607 2.389600
9.389080 1.487708 1.995607

330 Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing 4.931786
2.594635 2.819343 10.345764 1.526105 2.097772

331 Household laundry equipment manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

332 Other major household appliance manufacturing 4.104273 2.722589
2.600803 9.427665 1.663355 2.297036

333 Electric power and specialty transformer manufacturing 7.410937
2.113302 3.645927 13.170166 1.285160 1.777126

334 Motor and generator manufacturing 6.996885 1.781583 3.590358
12.368826 1.254625 1.767762

335 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing 5.899330 1.503286
3.371245 10.773861 1.254823 1.826285

336 Relay and industrial control manufacturing 5.186653 2.822009
3.510846 11.519508 1.544091 2.220991

337 Storage battery manufacturing 5.089302 1.876434 3.681378 10.647113
1.368702 2.092058

338 Primary battery manufacturing 4.329090 1.279684 2.882552 8.491326
1.295601 1.961457

339 Fiber optic cable manufacturing 4.736869 2.182655 4.563490 11.483015
1.460780 2.424178

340 Other communication and energy wire manufacturing 1.103786 1.967498
1.430620 4.501904 2.782499 4.078601

341 Wiring device manufacturing 6.642516 1.308741 3.564491 11.515747
1.197025 1.733642

342 Carbon and graphite product manufacturing 4.003517 1.408015 2.902729
8.314261 1.351695 2.076739

343 Miscellaneous electrical equipment manufacturing 3.843556 3.278151
3.263400 10.385106 1.852895 2.701953

344 Automobile and light truck manufacturing 1.236683 2.820197 1.826333
5.883213 3.280452 4.757253

345 Heavy duty truck manufacturing 2.147551 2.568811 1.969014 6.685376
2.196158 3.113023

346 Motor vehicle body manufacturing 8.073850 2.355303 3.070028
13.499180 1.291720 1.671963

347 Truck trailer manufacturing 8.458111 2.483106 3.115081 14.056297
1.293577 1.661872

348 Motor home manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

349 Travel trailer and camper manufacturing 5.972978 2.078825 3.110635
11.162437 1.348038 1.868823

350 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing 4.095704 2.371319 2.609237
9.076261 1.578977 2.216044

351 Aircraft manufacturing 2.554389 1.228840 5.345809 9.129039 1.481070
3.573864

352 Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing 2.292499 1.144003
3.906724 7.343226 1.499020 3.203154

353 Other aircraft parts and equipment 3.121864 1.692156 4.558877
9.372897 1.542034 3.002340

354 Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

355 Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles 7.830078 2.326237
4.833575 14.989890 1.297090 1.914399

356 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing 2.290926 1.674908 3.414547
7.380381 1.731105 3.221571

357 Ship building and repairing 5.103813 1.469778 5.648365 12.221957
1.287977 2.394672

358 Boat building 3.683199 1.363715 3.752375 8.799289 1.370253 2.389035

359 Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing 4.355130 2.672107
3.104733 10.131969 1.613554 2.326445

360 Military armored vehicles and tank parts manufacturing 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

361 All other transportation equipment manufacturing 1.901033 1.983738
1.999239 5.884009 2.043505 3.095164

362 Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing 11.886139 3.303057
4.582838 19.772034 1.277892 1.663453

363 Upholstered household furniture manufacturing 8.382788 3.466533
4.331508 16.180828 1.413530 1.930244

364 Nonupholstered wood household furniture manufacturing 9.051301
3.971963 3.589309 16.612573 1.438828 1.835380

365 Metal household furniture manufacturing 6.587636 2.884494 2.733526
12.205656 1.437865 1.852813

366 Institutional furniture manufacturing 7.655434 2.757857 3.559649
13.972939 1.360248 1.825232

367 Other household and institutional furniture 6.946420 2.358320
4.324870 13.629610 1.339502 1.962106

368 Wood office furniture manufacturing 10.318867 2.517579 5.094992
17.931438 1.243978 1.737733

369 Custom architectural woodwork and millwork 4.060495 4.489265
2.672652 11.222413 2.105596 2.763804

370 Office furniture, except wood, manufacturing 5.086801 2.995666
2.739729 10.822196 1.588910 2.127505

371 Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers 8.281123 2.275407
4.232704 14.789234 1.274770 1.785897

372 Mattress manufacturing 7.409473 2.936084 3.195776 13.541333 1.396261
1.827570

373 Blind and shade manufacturing 9.975725 2.156927 3.312819 15.445471
1.216218 1.548306

374 Laboratory apparatus and furniture manufacturing 3.976774 4.063072
3.516242 11.556088 2.021701 2.905895

375 Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing 7.263412 2.249150
4.653012 14.165574 1.309655 1.950264

376 Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing 5.157886 2.902090
3.357408 11.417384 1.562651 2.213578

377 Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing 9.356964 2.742496
2.977213 15.076672 1.293097 1.611278

378 Ophthalmic goods manufacturing 12.497567 1.854142 4.966247 19.317956
1.148360 1.545737

379 Dental laboratories 15.533080 1.198562 6.930375 23.662017 1.077162
1.523331

380 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing 7.178286 1.611196 2.742806
11.532289 1.224454 1.606552

381 Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing 5.901655 2.826488 3.917142
12.645285 1.478931 2.142668

382 Doll, toy, and game manufacturing 5.034286 2.003147 3.922474
10.959907 1.397901 2.177053

383 Office supplies, except paper, manufacturing 8.087828 1.576450
4.607695 14.271973 1.194916 1.764624

384 Sign manufacturing 8.413454 2.624594 4.363951 15.401999 1.311952
1.830639

385 Gasket, packing, and sealing device manufacturing 8.406918 1.527225
4.850278 14.784420 1.181663 1.758602

386 Musical instrument manufacturing 10.396781 2.450953 4.721981
17.569715 1.235742 1.689919

387 Broom, brush, and mop manufacturing 7.950654 2.486240 3.601029
14.037923 1.312709 1.765631

388 Burial casket manufacturing 7.033541 1.143478 4.026965 12.203984
1.162575 1.735112

389 Buttons, pins, and all other miscellaneous ma 5.997687 2.572383
2.928038 11.498108 1.428896 1.917090

390 Wholesale trade 8.243213 1.745047 4.318666 14.306926 1.211695
1.735601

391 Air transportation 5.899082 5.372056 3.633922 14.905059 1.910660
2.526675

392 Rail transportation 4.639396 1.897720 4.160621 10.697737 1.409045
2.305847

393 Water transportation 2.590525 5.002797 2.744211 10.337533 2.931190
3.990517

394 Truck transportation 9.533385 4.393786 4.683842 18.611013 1.460884
1.952194

395 Transit and ground passenger transportation 22.256601 3.089188
4.119805 29.465594 1.138799 1.323904

396 Pipeline transportation 1.840932 3.739941 2.931406 8.512279 3.031547
4.623896

397 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and sup 9.950188 3.037920
5.601904 18.590012 1.305313 1.868308

398 Postal service 12.436485 1.242719 8.370656 22.049860 1.099925
1.772998

399 Couriers and messengers 15.563764 3.152663 4.915463 23.631890
1.202564 1.518392

400 Warehousing and storage 16.241119 2.164560 5.607459 24.013138
1.133277 1.478540

401 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 11.887042 1.536727 4.931402
18.355171 1.129277 1.544133

402 Furniture and home furnishings stores 16.025078 1.655994 4.498365
22.179437 1.103338 1.384046

403 Electronics and appliance stores 12.859531 1.420979 5.395088
19.675599 1.110500 1.530040

404 Building material and garden supply stores 14.821369 1.355242
4.503323 20.679934 1.091438 1.395278

405 Food and beverage stores 21.625124 1.533308 4.851483 28.009915
1.070904 1.295249

406 Health and personal care stores 18.256746 1.681845 4.807950
24.746541 1.092122 1.355474

407 Gasoline stations 19.689396 1.714811 4.595805 26.000012 1.087093
1.320508

408 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 22.201237 1.427240 4.268219
27.896697 1.064286 1.256538

409 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 29.742222 1.391827
4.948683 36.082732 1.046796 1.213182

410 General merchandise stores 24.203381 1.350157 4.848375 30.401913
1.055784 1.256102

411 Miscellaneous store retailers 30.913265 1.706352 5.343606 37.963223
1.055198 1.228056

412 Nonstore retailers 33.076649 2.146854 3.779435 39.002938 1.064905
1.179168

413 Newpaper publishers 10.376771 1.960134 4.443114 16.780018 1.188896
1.617075

414 Periodical publishers 5.809031 2.365692 3.430766 11.605488 1.407244
1.997835

415 Book publishers 3.965993 2.346942 2.607630 8.920565 1.591767
2.249264

416 Database, directory, and other publishers 3.148995 1.908034 2.639949
7.696978 1.605918 2.444265

417 Software publishers 3.770969 2.924385 3.503442 10.198796 1.775500
2.704556

418 Motion picture and video industries 11.183158 5.626882 2.872945
19.682985 1.503157 1.760056

419 Sound recording industries 3.651314 2.431930 2.265129 8.348374
1.666042 2.286402

420 Radio and television broadcasting 6.098535 5.884938 3.770538
15.754011 1.964976 2.583245

421 Cable networks and program distribution 2.586728 2.697506 1.376050
6.660284 2.042825 2.574791

422 Telecommunications 4.922121 1.570801 3.217523 9.710445 1.319131
1.972817

423 Information services 6.264998 3.501193 4.273300 14.039491 1.558850
2.240941

424 Data processing services 7.312575 3.178793 4.900992 15.392360
1.434702 2.104917

425 Nondepository credit intermediation and rela 7.345155 2.117535
4.126455 13.589145 1.288290 1.850083

426 Securities, commodity contracts, investments 9.992872 3.929244
5.041696 18.963812 1.393205 1.897734

427 Insurance carriers 5.741749 3.652324 3.681487 13.075560 1.636100
2.277278

428 Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related 11.213654 1.305715
4.666712 17.186080 1.116440 1.532603

429 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 3.772482 5.163122
2.960838 11.896441 2.368628 3.153479

430 Monetary authorities and depository credit in 5.594961 2.621666
3.132037 11.348664 1.468576 2.028372

431 Real estate 7.254905 2.061467 2.029575 11.345947 1.284148 1.563900

432 Automotive equipment rental and leasing 7.577838 5.174720 3.437294
16.189851 1.682876 2.136474

433 Video tape and disc rental 20.643465 2.824747 3.599823 27.068036
1.136835 1.311216

434 Machinery and equipment rental and leasing 2.776634 5.063643
2.814947 10.655224 2.823663 3.837461

435 General and consumer goods rental except vide 17.815685 2.980921
6.347727 27.144333 1.167320 1.523620

436 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets 0.167746 0.165503 0.498697
0.831946 1.986625 4.959546

437 Legal services 11.123652 1.705412 6.220652 19.049716 1.153314
1.712542

438 Accounting and bookkeeping services 19.643406 1.356121 7.271701
28.271228 1.069037 1.439222

439 Architectural and engineering services 12.752954 1.997327 6.664806
21.415088 1.156617 1.679226

440 Specialized design services 12.355419 2.797603 4.364547 19.517569
1.226427 1.579677

441 Custom computer programming services 12.348717 1.317122 8.861908
22.527746 1.106661 1.824299

442 Computer systems design services 10.952576 2.046871 6.727974
19.727421 1.186885 1.801167

443 Other computer related services, including fa 14.735704 1.373859
6.366565 22.476129 1.093233 1.525284

444 Management consulting services 13.590425 1.960280 6.590666 22.141372
1.144240 1.629189

445 Environmental and other technical consulting 10.148712 1.708791
4.894176 16.751678 1.168375 1.650621

446 Scientific research and development services 16.256010 2.130455
8.583035 26.969500 1.131056 1.659048

447 Advertising and related services 14.464272 2.326807 5.444035
22.235114 1.160866 1.537244

448 Photographic services 20.977137 2.340649 4.138219 27.456004 1.111581
1.308854

449 Veterinary services 17.872374 3.449509 4.969796 26.291678 1.193008
1.471079

450 All other miscellaneous professional and tech 8.631079 1.485545
2.923275 13.039899 1.172116 1.510808

451 Management of companies and enterprises 8.892424 1.786953 4.940786
15.620162 1.200952 1.756570

452 Office administrative services 6.780633 4.317002 3.984607 15.082243
1.636666 2.224312

453 Facilities support services 10.626147 3.476549 4.393374 18.496070
1.327169 1.740619

454 Employment services 42.067932 1.668411 7.428714 51.165057 1.039660
1.216249

455 Business support services 22.199697 2.445244 5.114352 29.759294
1.110148 1.340527

456 Travel arrangement and reservation services 13.320521 3.854995
4.331001 21.506517 1.289403 1.614540

457 Investigation and security services 29.917080 1.709894 6.780391
38.407365 1.057154 1.283794

458 Services to buildings and dwellings 29.840063 4.210768 5.733731
39.784562 1.141111 1.333260

459 Other support services 11.909711 3.535405 3.288058 18.733174
1.296851 1.572933

460 Waste management and remediation services 5.119309 2.138908 4.032506
11.290723 1.417812 2.205517

461 Elementary and secondary schools 36.267483 2.626007 6.743280
45.636770 1.072407 1.258338

462 Colleges, universities, and junior colleges 20.716764 3.521486
5.341843 29.580094 1.169982 1.427834

463 Other educational services 20.119625 2.964209 4.319569 27.403403
1.147329 1.362023

464 Home health care services 24.969652 2.572618 6.415794 33.958065
1.103030 1.359974

465 Offices of physicians, dentists, and other he 10.744994 1.342713
6.790025 18.877733 1.124962 1.756886

466 Other ambulatory health care services 8.505782 3.811309 4.601428
16.918519 1.448084 1.989061

467 Hospitals 10.837394 3.644219 5.284061 19.765675 1.336263 1.823840

468 Nursing and residential care facilities 24.337616 3.180386 5.936396
33.454397 1.130678 1.374596

469 Child day care services 31.585844 2.768110 4.315585 38.669539
1.087638 1.224268

470 Social assistance, except child day care serv 31.158878 2.930458
5.644022 39.733359 1.094049 1.275186

471 Performing arts companies 50.638596 2.786301 5.343941 58.768837
1.055023 1.160554

472 Spectator sports 53.707581 2.043373 7.388288 63.139241 1.038046
1.175611

473 Independent artists, writers, and performers 11.836659 6.718360
3.563502 22.118521 1.567589 1.868646

474 Promoters of performing arts and sports and a 27.917538 3.217213
3.784721 34.919472 1.115240 1.250808

475 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks 14.342777 4.565681
6.346089 25.254548 1.318326 1.760785

476 Fitness and recreational sports centers 35.348106 2.303471 5.604079
43.255656 1.065165 1.223705

477 Bowling centers 21.426916 2.689425 4.127231 28.243571 1.125516
1.318135

478 Other amusement, gambling, and recreation ind 14.832165 2.995064
3.884615 21.711843 1.201930 1.463835

479 Hotels and motels, including casino hotels 17.831545 0.955877
3.986665 22.774087 1.053606 1.277180

480 Other accommodations 14.878903 2.404399 4.170710 21.454012 1.161598
1.441908

481 Food services and drinking places 26.386877 3.383095 4.398774
34.168746 1.128211 1.294914

482 Car washes 47.286812 2.569454 5.831766 55.688032 1.054338 1.177665

483 Automotive repair and maintenance, except car 17.038830 3.151810
4.716984 24.907623 1.184978 1.461815

484 Electronic equipment repair and maintenance 10.996780 3.331828
3.924680 18.253289 1.302982 1.659876

485 Commercial machinery repair and maintenance 10.806009 2.927669
4.058402 17.792080 1.270930 1.646499

486 Household goods repair and maintenance 7.635078 3.531632 2.840698
14.007408 1.462554 1.834612

487 Personal care services 25.900496 3.325096 5.041263 34.266854
1.128380 1.323019

488 Death care services 16.852236 2.815323 4.877831 24.545389 1.167059
1.456506

489 Drycleaning and laundry services 26.892288 3.078045 5.529624
35.499957 1.114458 1.320079

490 Other personal services 10.605770 4.166966 2.823137 17.595874
1.392896 1.659085

491 Religious organizations 42.949615 1.959248 7.253972 52.162835
1.045617 1.214512

492 Grantmaking and giving and social advocacy or 13.512530 4.477141
4.594540 22.584212 1.331333 1.671353

493 Civic, social, professional and similar organ 16.406380 3.550417
4.953605 24.910401 1.216405 1.518336

494 Private households 193.746246 -193.746246 203.149384 203.149384
0.000000 1.048533

495 Federal electric utilities 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

496 Other Federal Government enterprises 10.207994 1.184868 2.670192
14.063054 1.116073 1.377651

497 State and local government passenger transit 29.038771 3.978674
8.402206 41.419651 1.137012 1.426357

498 State and local government electric utilities 1.600672 0.929296
1.031731 3.561699 1.580566 2.225127

499 Other State and local government enterprises 4.809705 1.854740
2.271820 8.936265 1.385625 1.857965

500 Noncomparable imports 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000

501 Scrap 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

502 Used and secondhand goods 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

503 State & Local Education 27.399555 -27.399555 36.802681 36.802681
0.000000 1.343185

504 State & Local Non-Education 25.187067 -25.187067 34.590191 34.590191
0.000000 1.373331

505 Federal Military 22.082415 -22.082415 31.485540 31.485540 0.000000
1.425820

506 Federal Non-Military 11.611391 -11.611391 21.014517 21.014517
0.000000 1.809819

507 Rest of the world adjustment to final uses 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

508 Inventory valuation adjustment 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000

509 Owner-occupied dwellings 0.000000 1.408420 0.428551 1.836971
0.000000 0.000000

[^1]: Recycling encompasses a wide range of industrial categories which
    also means the supply chain links for this industry are spread
    across the entire state and various industries. The complete
    portfolio of recycling activity could be viewed as a cluster.

[^2]: Creason, Jared, and Michael Podolsky, "Upstream and Downstream
    Effects Using State Level Data," [Proceedings of the 1998 IMPLAN
    Users Conference]{.underline}, Washington D.C. 1998, p. 111-120. It
    should be noted IMPLAN has changed codes since this paper was
    written. In addition, the North American Industry Classification
    System (NAICS) has replaced the U.S. Standard Industrial
    Classification (SIC) system. However, published research and many
    industries still refer to the SIC system and in practice many firms
    still identify themselves by SIC code.

[^3]: Stock, Kyle, "Trash or Treasure?" *The Post and Courier*, March 6,
    2006, p.19E.

[^4]: 91% report expansion plans, 7% report no investment plans, and the
    remainder did not respond.

[^5]: The average salary reported is the average for the firm. We are
    assuming the employees engaged in recycling within the firm would on
    average earn the average salary reported.

[^6]: Nov. 2004, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Labor Statistics
    Occupational and Employment Survey

[^7]: Previous surveys in South Carolina attributed all employees to
    recycling, regardless of the percentage of the business engaged in
    recycling. Our results are more conservative and non-comparable to
    the previous survey.

[^8]: The S.C. Department of Commerce maintains and publishes a
    directory of businesses that are recycling service providers.

[^9]: Surveys were re-sent to those firms with forwarding addresses,
    however, none of these were returned.

[^10]: The total was arrived at by multiplying 48 times the population
    of firms, 325.

[^11]: IMPLAN sector 460.

[^12]: This figure is rounded. The precise multiplier for this sector is
    1.587970.

[^13]: Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc., IMPLAN System (data and software),
    1725 Tower Drive West, Suite 140, Stillwater, MN 55082
    www.implan.com

[^14]: Research projects conducted at both the University of South
    Carolina and Clemson also use IMPLAN.

[^15]: Employee compensation includes wages and salaries as we as
    benefits such as health and life insurance, retirement and non-cash
    compensation. IMPLAN refers to this category as labor income.

[^16]: This fixed proportion assumption is common in impact analysis. In
    fact, the Input-Output methodology assumes fixed proportions.

[^17]: Twenty-eight firms provided either SIC or NAICS identifiers.

[^18]: Fractional jobs are due to applying the percentage employment in
    recycling. For example, one firm reported 330 employees, but only
    15% of the business was related to recycling. This results in 49.5
    jobs attributable to recycling.

[^19]: The total result, 4684, divided by 1935. For every direct job, we
    calculate a total of 2.4 in the state.

[^20]: This was calculated by inputting the direct jobs listed above
    into IMPLAN. The total result was 4,684. The jobs multiplier is
    calculated by dividing 4,684 by 1935, which equals 2.4. This jobs
    multiplier is an average multiplier. In other words, the average
    jobs creation in the recycling industry is 2.4. Caution must be used
    here. It is not correct to infer that a particular plant will
    generate a multiplier of 2.4. (As always, these are full time
    equivalents, FTE's.)

[^21]: 2.4 x 15,600 = 37,440. The multiplier is a multiple of direct
    jobs.

[^22]: 15,600 x \$99,413 = \$1,550,842,800.

[^23]: The total economic output is calculate by IMPLAN given the jobs
    numbers that were inputted into the model.

[^24]: Total impact is determined by 15,600 x \$413,426 =
    \$6,449,445,600.

[^25]: South Carolina Solid Waste Management Annual Report Fiscal Year
    2004, p.3.

[^26]: South Carolina Solid Waste Management Annual Report Fiscal Year
    2004, p.3.

[^27]: South Carolina Solid Waste Management Annual Report Fiscal Year
    2004, p. 5.

[^28]: South Carolina Solid Waste Management Annual Report Fiscal Year
    2004, p. 4

[^29]: Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling and Disposal in the
    United States: Facts and Figures for 2003, p. 4.

[^30]: South Carolina Solid Waste Management Annual Report Fiscal Year
    2004, p.3.

[^31]: MSW in IMPLAN is closest to IMP 460, Waste management and
    remediation services.

[^32]: The per 1000 ton impacts were calculated by dividing the total
    potential impact of \$132,286,570 by 889.615 (the tonnage in
    1000's.)

[^33]: Carlton, Jim, "U.S. Paper Recycling Hits Record as Fiber Needs
    Grow," *Wall Street Journal*, April 12, 2006, p. A9. The article
    indicates that per capita, 346 pounds of paper were recycled in
    2005.

[^34]: Hefner, Frank (1997). "Using Input-Output Models to Measure Local
    Economic Impacts." *International Journal of Public Administration*,
    20 (8&9): 1469-1487.

[^35]: Wilbur Smith Associates, a transportation consulting firm located
    in Columbia, S.C., conducts transportation studies world wide and
    has used RIMS and REMI in their studies.

[^36]: The University of South Carolina used IMPLAN to estimate the
    impacts of the university and of BMW. *The Economic Impact of the
    University of South Carolina*, Division of Research, The Darla Moore
    School of Business, University of South Carolina, June 2000. The
    Division of Research also conducted a study on BMW, *The Economic
    Impact of BMW on South Carolina*, May 2002.

[^37]: A study (2003) conducted by the Center for Economic Forecasting
    at Charleston Southern University used REMI to analyze the economic
    impact in 2002 of the South Carolina Ports Authority .

[^38]: RIMS directly uses the Department of Commerce data.

[^39]: The technique used is referred to as "location quotients."

[^40]: Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Stillwater, Minnesota, 2006.

[^41]: Employee compensation includes wages and salaries as well as
    benefits such as health and life insurance, retirement and non-cash
    compensation. IMPLAN refers to this category as labor income.

[^42]: South Carolina Solid Waste Management Annual Report Fiscal Year
    2004, p.3.