UCUT 2004 Fish and Wildlife Program Measures for

Inclusion in the Intermountain Province Plan

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# Bonneville Power Administration

1.  Fund as a priority the measures described below to partially
    mitigate for salmon, steelhead and wildlife habitat losses incurred
    as a result of the construction and operation of Chief Joseph, Grand
    Coulee and Albeni Falls dams.

2.  Develop a long-term funding agreement (or agreements) with the UCUT
    member tribes to implement specific measures at a reasonable pace.
    Such long-term funding agreement(s) - complete with fish and
    wildlife restoration metrics, limiting factors, and monitoring -
    will be refined once the subbasin plans and measures are approved.

> \< === \>

The following measures comprise the UCUT recommendations for the
Intermountain Province (IMP) Plan:

> []{.mark}

# Albeni Falls Dam Wildlife Mitigation (Coeur d'Alene, Kalispel, and Kootenai Tribes)

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1.  To complete mitigation of Albeni Falls Dam construction and
    inundation losses to wildlife habitat, fund the implementing agency
    and Tribes (IDFG, KT, CDAT and KTOI), consistent with signed
    intergovernmental agreements***,*** individual Memorandums of
    Agreement between each party and the Bonneville Power
    Administration, and the ***Albeni Falls Wildlife Protection,
    Mitigation, and Enhancement Plan*** ***(IDFG 1987)*** \[Pend Oreille
    Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 1A1-8 (a), (b) and (c); Coeur
    d'Alene Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 1A1-8(a), (b), (c) and
    (d)\].

2.  Fund enhancement, operations and maintenance activities for projects
    crediting the Albeni Falls Dam losses consistent with the
    ***Guidelines for Enhancement, Operation, and Maintenance Activities
    for Wildlife Mitigation Projects (CBFWA 1998)*** \[Pend Oreille
    Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 1A9 (a); Coeur d'Alene Subbasin
    Objectives (strategies) 1A9(a)\]***.***

3.  Fund an operational loss assessment for Albeni Falls Dam and
    implement activities to mitigate designated losses \[Pend Oreille
    Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 1B1-3 (a); Coeur d'Alene Subbasin
    Objectives (strategies) 1B1(a)\].

**Coeur d'Alene Tribe**

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# *Wildlife Mitigation* 

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1.  Where Resident Fish Substitution fails to meet obligations incurred
    due to anadromous and resident fish losses, substitute wildlife
    habitat acquisitions, wildlife habitat enhancements and wildlife
    population management activities in lieu of fish population and/or
    habitat enhancements (Coeur d'Alene Subbasin Aquatic Strategy 2B1.a,
    b, and c. and Spokane Subbasin Aquatic Strategy 2B1.a, b, and c.).

# *Coeur d\'Alene Subbasin Resident Fish Substitution* 

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The Bonneville Power Administration will fund the Coeur d'Alene Tribe to
implement watershed restoration efforts in the Coeur d'Alene subbasin as
substitution for anadromous fish losses. These substitution efforts will
be directed at recovering tributaries to Coeur d'Alene Lake using a
watershed scale approach. This approach is justified since the
production of resident salmonids is dependent on the integrity of
watershed/ecosystem functions for all life history forms. Specific
Measures are described below:

1.  Enhance habitat on Alder, Benewah, Evans and Lake Creeks to achieve
    interim 25 percent, 50 percent, and final 75 percent habitat
    improvement targets by specified dates (Coeur d'Alene Subbasin
    Aquatic Objectives and Strategies 2A2.a, b, c, d, e, f, and g).

2.  Provide interim harvest opportunities until such time as habitat
    measures can restore natural westslope cutthroat trout populations
    to productive self-sustaining levels (Coeur d'Alene Subbasin Aquatic
    Objectives and Strategies 2C1.a, b, c, 2C2.a, and b).

3.  Purchase management rights to priority habitats within Alder,
    Benewah, Evans, Lake Creek and other watersheds of importance to
    resident salmonids through title acquisition, conservation
    easements, and/or long-term leases (Coeur d'Alene Subbasin Aquatic
    Objectives and Strategies 1B1.e, 2A1a, b, c, d, e, f, 2A2.a, b, c,
    2B1.a, b, and c).

4.  Use incentive programs for private landowners in focal watersheds to
    support native ecosystem/watershed function (Coeur d'Alene Subbasin
    Aquatic Objectives and Strategies 1B1.d, 2A1a, b, c, d, e, f, 2A2.a,
    b, c, and 2B1.c).

5.  Protect and/or restore habitats acquired within the Coeur d'Alene
    Subbasin to the extent their condition is consistent with the 2000
    Fish and Wildlife Program (Coeur d'Alene Subbasin Aquatic Objectives
    2A1.a, b, c, d, e, f, 2A2.a, b, c, d, e, f, and 2B1.b)

6.  Conduct research and monitoring to determine project effectiveness,
    identify critical uncertainties that currently constrain
    preservation and restoration planning, and refine objectives and/or
    targets as necessary (Coeur d'Alene Subbasin Aquatic Objectives and
    Strategies 1A2.a, b, c, 1B1.a, b, c, 2A2.a, b, h, 2B1.a, b, c,
    2C1.a, b, c).

7.  The Tribe will conduct an educational/outreach program for private
    landowners, students and the general public within the Coeur d'Alene
    Reservation to facilitate a "holistic" watershed protection process.

###  Spokane Subbasin Resident Fish Substitution

> Fund the Coeur d'Alene Tribe to implement watershed restoration
> efforts in the Hangman Watershed as substitution for anadromous fish
> losses. These substitution efforts will be directed at recovering the
> Hangman Watershed as a whole and not simply the restoration or
> enhancement of a single species since the production of resident
> salmonids depends heavily on the integrity of watershed/ecosystem
> functions. Watershed restoration efforts will involve the recovery of
> hydrologic functions disrupted by current land management practices,
> expansion of resident salmonid populations and restoration of wildlife
> habitats.
>
> A priority of restoration of Hangman Creek is to connect isolated
> salmonid populations currently found in forested tributaries, and to
> provide for interim harvest opportunities until restoration is
> complete. In order to be successful, efforts must be directed at
> accomplishing the following.
>
> Specific Measures are described below:

1.  Assess the DNA composition of salmonid populations within the
    Hangman Watershed (Aquatic Strategy 2A1.a).

2.  Determine distribution and abundance of resident salmonids in the
    Hangman Watershed (Aquatic Strategies 2A1.a,b, c, 2A2. a.).

3.  Use species management (for example reduce competitors and set take
    limits) to increase distribution and abundance of desired resident
    salmonids in the Hangman Watershed (Aquatic Strategies 2A2. c, d, e,
    f, 2A3. f, and g.).

4.  Address the habitat limiting factors for resident salmonids to
    increase the distribution and abundance of desired resident
    salmonids in the Hangman Watershed (Aquatic Strategies 2A3 a, b, c,
    d, e, h, 2B1 a, b, and c).

5.  Purchase management rights to priority habitats in the Hangman
    Watershed through title acquisition, conservation easements, and/or
    long-term leases (Strategy 2A3 a, b, c, d, e, h 2B1.a).

6.  Use incentive programs for private landowners in the Hangman
    Watershed to support native ecosystem/watershed function (Strategy
    2A3 a, b, c, d, e, h, and 2B1.b).

7.  Protect and/or restore habitats acquired within the Hangman
    Watershed to the extent their condition is consistent with the 2000
    Fish and Wildlife Program (Strategy 2A3 a, b, c, d, e, h and 2B1.c).

8.  Build "put and take" ponds and stock with rainbow trout to fulfill
    short-term needs for subsistence and recreational fishing
    opportunities (Strategy 2C1 a and b).

9.  Conduct a Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation Program to assess
    restoration efforts.

10. Conduct research and monitoring to determine project effectiveness,
    identify critical uncertainties that currently constrain
    preservation and restoration planning, and refine objectives and/or
    targets as necessary (Spokane River Subbasin Aquatic Strategies
    2A1-4.b, c, 2A2.a, and 2A3.a,).

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**Colville Confederated Tribes**

## Terrestrial Measures

1.  As partial mitigation for the construction and inundation of Grand
    Coulee and Chief Joseph acquire enough land to mitigate wildlife
    habitat losses form the construction and inundation of Grand Coulee
    and Chief Joseph hydropower projects within the next 5 years on the
    Colville Reservation.

-   Upper Columbia:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A9 a,b;

-   San Poil:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A9 a,b,c,d;

-   Lake Rufus Woods:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A10 a,e,f;

2.  Develop a detailed site-specific management plan to address habitat
    protection, restoration, and enhancement with monitoring measures
    for all habitat acquisitions in the current Tribal mitigation
    program for the life of those projects (boundary fencing projects,
    HEP and noxious weed surveys, etc,).

-   Upper Columbia:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A9 a,b,c;

-   San Poil:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A9 a,b,c,d;

-   Lake Rufus Woods:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A10 a,b,c,d,e,f;

3.  Conduct a feasibility study to determine if sage grouse can be
    reintroduced and maintain a viable meta-population on the Colville
    Reservation.

-   Upper Columbia:

    -   Obj. 1A7 a,b,c; 1B1 a; 1B2 a; 2B1 a,b,c,d,e,f,h,i

```{=html}
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```
-   San Poil:

    -   Obj. 1A7 a,b,c,d; 1B1 a; 1B2; 2A3 a,b,c,d; 2A4 a,b,c; 2B2
        a,b,c,d,e,f;

-   Lake Rufus Woods:

    -   Obj. 1A2 a,b,c,d,e,f; 1B1 a,b; 1B2; 2A3 a,b,c,d,e,f; 2A4 a,b; 2B
        a,b; 2B1 a;

4.  Continue ongoing sharp-tailed grouse habitat restoration,
    protection, and augmentation of existing populations to meet
    objectives identified in the Rufus Woods, San Poil, and Upper
    Columbia subbasin plans.

-   Upper Columbia:

    -   Obj. 1A5 a,b,c; 1A8 a,b,c; 1B1 a; 1B2 a; 2A2 a,b,c; 2B1
        a,b,c,d,e,f,h,i

-   San Poil:

    -   Obj. 1A5 a,b,c,d; 1A8 a,b,c,d; 1B1 a; 1B2; 2A2 a,b,c,d; 2A4
        a,b,c; 2B2 a,b,c,d,e,f

-   Lake Rufus Woods:

    -   Obj.1A1 a,b,c,d,e,f: 1B1 a,b; 1B2; 2A2 a,b,c,d,e,f; 2A4 a,b; 2B
        a,b; 2B1 a;

5.  Continue adequate funding for Tribal mitigation maintenance and
    operation activities for lands enrolled into the mitigation program
    for the life of the above hydropower projects.

-   Upper Columbia:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A9 a;

```{=html}
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```
-   San Poil:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A9 a;

-   Lake Rufus Woods:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A10 d;

6.  Evaluate and provide sufficient long-term quality and quantity
    habitat for elk, mule and white-tailed deer populations to provide
    current and future subsistence use to compensate for anadromous fish
    losses to the Colville Confederated Tribes

-   Upper Columbia:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A9 a,b,c; 1B1 a; 1B2 a,b; 2B1 a,b,c,d,e,f,h,i; 2B2
        a,b,c,d,e,f,g;

-   San Poil:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A9 a,b,c,d; 1B1 a; 1B2; 2A4 a,b,c; 2B2 a,b,c,d,e,f;
        2B3 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j; 2B4 a,b,c,d,e,f; 2B5 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h

-   Lake Rufus Woods:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A10 a,b,c,d,e,f; 1B1 a,b; 1B2; 2A4 a,b; 2B a,b; 2B1 a;
        2B2 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h

7.  Assess, enhance and protect non-game species and specialized
    habitats affected by the construction and inundation of the federal
    hydropower projects (neo-tropical and resident song birds, small
    mammals, amphibian, and reptile species etc.).

-   Upper Columbia:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A9 a,b,c; 1B1 a; 1B2 a,b; 2A1 a,b,c; 2A2 a,b,c; 2A3
        a,b,c; 2A4 a,b; 2B1 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i; 2B2 a,b,c,d,e,f,g;

-   San Poil:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A9 a,b,c,d; 1B1 a; 1B2; 2A1 a,b,c,d; 2A2 a,b,c,d; 2A3
        a,b,c,d; 2A4 a,b,c; 2A5 a,b,c; 2B1 a,b,c; 2B2 a,b,c,d,e,f;
        2B3a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j; 2B4 a,b,c,d,e,f; 2B5 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h;

-   Lake Rufus Woods:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A10 a,b,c,d,e,f; 1B1 a,b; 1B2; 2A1 a; 2A2 a,b,c,d,e,f;
        2A3 a,b,c,d,e,f; 2A4 a,b; 2B a,b; 2B1 a; 2B2 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h

8.  In conjunction with Tribal Fisheries, assess, protect, enhance and
    restore identified riparian and island habitats along tributaries
    adjacent to and including the Columbia River within the bounds of
    the Colville Reservation to enhance both fish and wildlife species
    and habitats.

-   Upper Columbia:

    -   Obj. 1A1 a,b,c; 1A2 a,b,c; 1A4 a,b,c; 1A5 a,b,c; 1A6 a,b,c; 1A8
        a,b,c; 2A1 a,b,c; 2A2 a,b,c; 2B1 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i;

-   San Poil:

    -   Obj. 1A1 a,b,c,d; 1A2 a,b,c,d; 1A4-1A6 a,b,c,d; 1A8 a,b,c,d; 2A1
        a,b,c,d; 2A2 a,c; 2B3 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j;

-   Lake Rufus Woods:

    -   Obj. 1A1 a,b,c,d,e,f; 1A4 a,b,c,d,e,f; 1A7 a,b,c,d,e,f; 2A1 a;
        2A2 a,b,c,d,e; 2B a,b; 2B1 a;

9.  Conduct a study to reintroduce and maintain a viable population of
    pronghorn antelope on the Colville Reservation as a
    traditional/cultural subsistence species to offset impacts to other
    ungulate populations from anadromous fish losses.

-   Upper Columbia:

    -   Obj. 1A2-1A9 a,b,c; 1B1 a, 1B2 a,b; 2B1 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i; 2B2
        a,b,c,d,e,f,g

-   San Poil:

    -   Obj. 1A2-1A9 a,b,c,d; 1B1 a, 1B2, 2A4 a,b,c; 2B2 a,b,c,d,e,f;
        2B3 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i; 2B5 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h;

-   Lake Rufus Woods:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A2 a,b,c,d,e,f; 1A5-1A8 a,b,c,d,e,f; 1B1 a,b; 1B2; 2A2
        a,b,c,d,e; 2A3 a,b,c,d,f; 2A4 a,b; 2B a,b; 2B1 a; 2B2
        a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h;

10. Conduct long-term wildlife monitoring program to assess
    effectiveness of protection, restoration, and enhancement activities
    for species and habitats.

-   Upper Columbia:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A9 c; 2A1 c,

-   San Poil:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A9 d; 2A1 d; 2A2 c; 2A3 d; 2A4 c; 2A5 b; 2B2 d; 2B3 h;
        2B4 f;

-   Lake Rufus Woods:

    -   Obj. 1A1-1A10 c; 2A1 a; 2A2 c; 2A3 b; 2A4 b; 2B2

### []{.mark} 

###  Aquatic measures

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11. Operate, maintain, monitor, and evaluate the production of a minimum
    of 50,000 pounds of trout annually at the Colville Tribal Trout
    Hatchery that are stocked in waters on or surrounding the Colville
    Reservation. (This measure is consistent with Provincial Level
    Objective 2C1 and all associated strategies in the San Poil, Rufus
    Woods and Upper Columbia subbasins)

12. Monitor and research methods to manage fish entrainment at federal
    hydropower and irrigation projects in cooperation with the Army Corp
    of Engineers and Bureau of Reclamation. (This measure is consistent
    with Rufus Woods subbasin Objectives 2D2, 1B2, 1B1, 1A1 and
    respective strategies I, a and d, e and l, e. and Upper Columbia
    subbasin objective 1A1 strategies b, c, & d.)

13. Develop artificial production programs, including monitoring and
    evaluation, to increase abundance, distribution and diversity of
    natural-origin kokanee stocks in the San Poil River and Nespelem
    River systems in conjunction with reintroducing kokanee throughout
    their native range in tributaries of Lake Roosevelt and Lake Rufus
    Woods. (This measure is consistent with Provincial Level Objective
    2A1 2A2, 2C2 along with the associated strategies in the San Poil,
    Rufus Woods and Upper Columbia subbasins)

14. Operate and maintain net-pen operations and fish purchase programs
    to enhance the harvest opportunities in Lake Roosevelt and Lake
    Rufus Woods. Monitor and evaluate these efforts for
    cost-effectiveness and biological/ecological performance to optimize
    harvest benefits. (This measure is consistent with Rufus Woods
    subbasin objectives 2A3, 2C2, 2D2 and strategies a, b, d along with
    Upper Columbia subbasin Objective 2C1 strategy b.)

15. Study the genetic distribution of redband trout throughout the
    intermountain province in coordination with other co-managers. (This
    measure is consistent with San Poil subbasin objective 2A2, strategy
    e.)

16. Research the distribution and habitat utilization of benthic fishes
    in Lake Roosevelt and Lake Rufus Woods. (This measure is consistent
    with objective1A2, strategies b, c, & d in the Rufus Woods subbasin
    and objective 2A2, strategy a in the Upper Columbia subbasin.)

17. Construct, implement, monitor, and maintain permanent littoral areas
    along Lake Roosevelt that are unaffected by reservoir pool
    elevations and/or develop structures or seeding programs that
    provide a sustainable surrogate for littoral habitats along exposed
    shorelines. (This measure is consistent with all strategies listed
    under objective1A2 for the Upper Columbia subbasin)

18. Enhance and monitor/evaluate the physical habitat, water quality,
    and biotic communities of lakes and lake tributaries located in the
    Colville Reservation. (This measure is consistent with Provincial
    Level Objective 1B and associated strategies in the San Poil, Rufus
    Woods and Upper Columbia subbasins)

19. Replace, remove, or enhance man-made barriers to fish migration in
    the tributaries to San Poil River, Lake Roosevelt, and Lake Rufus
    Woods including the Mainstem Columbia River. Monitor and evaluate
    the results of these actions. . (This measure is consistent with
    Subbasin objective 1B1 in the San Poil and Rufus Woods subbasins and
    all associated objectives. In the upper Columbia subbasin the
    measure would be consistent with all strategies under Objective 1B1
    and strategy f under objective 1B2)

20. Improve the physical habitat and water quality in the San Poil River
    and its tributaries and work in coordination with the San Poil
    Watershed Work Team and private landowners to restore and protect
    areas identified in the QHA analysis for the focal species in the
    San Poil Subbasin. Improve the quality of habitat assessment data
    and collect data in areas where data gaps currently exist. (This
    measure is consistent with Subbasin objectives 1B1, 1B2, 1B3, 1B4,
    1B5,1B6, and 1B7 and associated strategies in the San Poil subbasin)

21. Conduct long-term monitoring of land use impacts and other limiting
    factors identified in tributaries to the San Poil River, Lake
    Roosevelt, and Lake Rufus Woods. (This measure would be used to
    monitor and evaluate activities implemented to meet Provincial level
    Objective 1B associated subbasin level objectives and strategies in
    the San Poil, Rufus Woods and Upper Columbia subbasins)

22. Determine minimum in-stream flow requirements for target species in
    tributaries to Lake Roosevelt and Lake Rufus Woods. (This measure is
    consistent with objectives 1A1, 1B2, 1B6, 1B7 strategies g, c, e, c
    in the Rufus Woods subbasin and objectives 1B1, 1B2, 1B3, 1B8,
    strategies c, j, g, c in the Upper Columbia subbasin.)

23. Conduct a feasibility analysis for anadromous fish reintroductions
    above Chief Joseph Dam. This study should not be limited to, but
    include: 1) available habitat, 2) species interactions with existing
    fish communities, 3) survival studies and habitat utilization for
    adult and juvenile life histories, 4) analysis of both full and
    limited passage (trap and haul) passage options both up and down
    stream that includes passage mortality estimates, and cost
    estimation for construction or infrastructure needs. (This measure
    is consistent with Provincial Level Objective 2D1 and associated
    strategies in the San Poil, Rufus Woods and Upper Columbia
    subbasins)

24. Implement measures deemed feasible in 23 (above) to reintroduce
    anadromous fish above Chief Joseph Dam using the best available
    hatchery stocks. Monitor and evaluate activities and use adaptive
    management to restore this population to harvestable levels using an
    open process and collaborative efforts of the co-managers and other
    local stakeholders. (This measure is consistent with all strategies
    listed under objective1A1 for the Rufus Woods subbasin)

25. Improve the physical habitat and water quality in the Rufus Woods
    subbasin and work in coordination with the Subbasin Work Teams to
    restore and protect areas identified in the QHA analysis for the
    focal species. Improve the quality of habitat assessment data and
    collect data in areas where data gaps currently exist. (This measure
    is consistent with all objectives and strategies listed under
    Provincial Objective 1B for the Rufus Woods subbasin)

26. Monitor and evaluate the resident fish communities in Lake Rufus
    Woods. Determine a baseline for abundance, species and genetic
    diversity, habitat utilization, food-web dynamics and species
    interactions that can be used to develop long-term trend data and
    help to evaluate the success or failure of the combined implemented
    actions and improve management decisions. (This measure is
    consistent with objective1A1, strategy a in the Rufus Woods
    subbasin)

27. Continue to implement white sturgeon recovery measures in Lake
    Roosevelt as identified in the *Upper Columbia White Sturgeon
    Recovery Plan*. (This measure is consistent with objective 2C1,
    strategy c in the Rufus Woods subbasin)

28. Conduct research on the population status, distribution and habitat
    preference of burbot in Lake Roosevelt and Lake Rufus Woods. (This
    measure is consistent with objective1A2, strategies b, c, & d in the
    Rufus Woods subbasin and objective 2A2, strategy a in the Upper
    Columbia subbasin.)

# 

# 

# Kalispel Tribe

1.  As partial mitigation for anadromous fish losses, operate and
    maintain a warm water low-capital bass hatchery on the Kalispel
    Indian Reservation. Mark all hatchery production. Monitor success of
    hatchery stocking program \[Pend Oreille Subbasin Objectives
    (strategies) 2C1(a)\].

2.  As partial mitigation for anadromous fish losses, complete advanced
    designs, and construct, operate and maintain habitat improvement
    projects to enhance bull trout and westslope cutthroat trout in all
    tributaries of the Pend Oreille Subbasin. The Kalispel Tribe will
    prioritize tributaries for habitat improvements and implementation
    schedules, and develop detailed biological objectives for each
    tributary \[Pend Oreille Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 2A1(a),
    2A3 (a) and (b); 1B1 (a), (c), and (d);1B4 (a) and (b);1C1 (a) and
    (g); 1C5 (a)\].

3.  As partial mitigation for anadromous fish losses, collaborate with
    the U.S. Forest Service, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and
    Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife to remove exotic brook
    trout within tributaries of the Pend Oreille River Subbasin so as to
    enhance bull and westslope cutthroat trout \[Pend Oreille Subbasin
    Objectives (strategies) 2A2(a); 1C5(a)\].

4.  As partial mitigation for anadromous fish losses, construct, place,
    and monitor the effectiveness of artificial cover structures to
    increase the amount of bass fry winter cover in the lower Pend
    Oreille River \[Pend Oreille Subbasin Objectives (strategies)
    2C1(b)\].

5.  As partial mitigation for anadromous fish losses, conduct a
    long-term monitoring program to assess effectiveness of bull and
    cutthroat trout habitat improvements in tributary streams \[Pend
    Oreille Subbasin Objectives 2A1(a), 2A3(a) and(b); 1C5(a)\].

6.  As partial mitigation for anadromous fish losses, fund a cooperative
    project among the Confederated Colville Tribes, Kalispel Tribe,
    Spokane Tribe, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife to
    assess stock status of resident fish species and associated habitats
    in the areas above Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee Dams \[Pend Oreille
    Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 2A1(a), 2A3 (a) and (b); 1B1
    (a), (b) and (c); 1B2 (b), (c) and (d); 1B3 (a)\].

> Phase I. Assess existing data and develop a database, identify data
> gaps and develop standardized data collection methodologies.
>
> Phase II. Conduct field sampling to gather the needed data, assess
> data and identify management, protection and recovery efforts.

Phase III. Implement management, protection, recovery, monitoring and
evaluation.

7.  As partial mitigation for anadromous fish losses, purchase
    management rights and enhance habitat in critical watershed areas
    (riparian corridors and associated uplands) along tributaries within
    the Pend Oreille Subbasin to benefit fish and wildlife resources
    \[Pend Oreille Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 2B1; 1B1 (a); 1B4
    (a); 1B8 (a)\].

8.  As partial mitigation for anadromous fish losses and in
    collaboration with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Washington
    Department of Fish and Wildlife, investigate the feasibility of a
    conservation aquaculture facility for westslope bull and cutthroat
    trout. Construct, operate and maintain this facility based upon
    positive findings of feasibility study \[Pend Oreille Subbasin
    Objectives (strategies) 2A1(b); 1B1 (a); 1B4 (a)\].

**Kootenai Tribe of Idaho**

Note: In addition to measures submitted above (Albeni Falls Dam Wildlife
Mitigation) for the IMP, the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho developed other
measures included in subbasin plans developed by or with the
participation of the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho.

# Spokane Tribe of Indians

# *Aquatic measures*

1.  As partial mitigation for anadromous fish losses, fund a cooperative
    project among the Spokane Tribe of Indians, Confederated Colville
    Tribes and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife to monitor
    and evaluate the Lake Roosevelt biota to assess the effectiveness
    and impacts of artificial production measures, effects of exotic
    introductions, and determine impacts of reservoir operations on
    native species and on achieving biological objectives outlined for
    Lake Roosevelt (Table 2). (Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives
    (strategies) 1A2 (c), 1A3 (e), 1A4 (a), 1A5 (d), 1B2 (k), 1B4 (b),
    2A1 (c, d), 2A2 (a, b, c M&E, e), 2B, 2C1 (a, b, f), Research,
    monitoring and evaluation plan. Spokane Subbasin Objectives 1B2 (j),
    2C2 (c)).

    -   Conduct a year-round reservoir-wide creel survey to assess the
        efficacy of the artificial production program. (Upper Columbia
        Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 2A1 (a), 2A2 (b, c), 2C1 (e).
        Spokane Subbasin Objectives 1A1 (a, b), 2A1 (b, c), 2A2 (a), 2C1
        (a, b) Research, monitoring and evaluation plan)).

    -   Conduct relative-abundance surveys by electrofishing, hook and
        line, gill netting, trawling or other appropriate sampling
        methodologies to collect fisheries population, life history and
        diet information. (Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives
        (strategies) 1B2 (c, d), 2A1 (a, c), 2A2 (a, b, c), 2C1 (e).
        Spokane Subbasin Objectives: 1A1 (a, b); 1B1 (a), 2A1 (a, b, c),
        2A2 (a)).

    -   Conduct water quality, hydrology and productivity surveys to
        determine physical, chemical, and biological effects on
        zooplankton biomass available for fish consumption and to
        complete modeling efforts. (Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives
        (strategies) 1A1 (a, b), 1A2 (a, b, d), 1A3 (a, b, d, e), 1B2
        (h, i). Spokane Subbasin Objectives 1B2 (e), 1B3 (e, h, j), 1B4
        (b), 1B6 (a), 1B7 (a, b, c)).

    -   Complete a Lake Roosevelt ecology model to determine effects of
        changing hydro-operations, water retention time, water quality
        and predation on productivity in Lake Roosevelt. (Upper Columbia
        Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 1A1 (a, b), 1A2 (b, d), 1A3 (a,
        b, d), 1B2 (h, i). Spokane Subbasin Objectives 1B2 (e), 1B3
        (e)).

    -   Conduct mark-recapture studies of the artificial production
        program to determine release strategies that maximize harvest
        and adult returns. (Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives
        (strategies) 1A1 (a, b), 1B2 (c), 2A1 (a, c), 2A2 (c). Spokane
        Subbasin Objectives 1B7 (b)).

    -   Map the availability of fish habitat in Lake Roosevelt at
        various lake elevations to determine shifts in habitat
        availability at changing lake levels. (Upper Columbia Subbasin
        Objectives (strategies) 1A2 (a), 1B2 (h), 2A1 (a), 2A2 (a, b).
        Spokane Subbasin Objectives 1B1 (a), 1B2 (i), 1B7 (a, b, c)).

    -   Develop a Lake Roosevelt Management Plan to guide management
        decisions. (Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 1A2
        (c), 1A3 (e), 2A1 (b, c, d), 2A2 (a, b, d, e), 2C1 (a, b, d, e,
        f). Spokane Subbasin Objectives 1B2 (c), 2A2 (a, d, e, f), 2A3
        (f, g), 2C2 (c)).

    -   Collect macroinvertebrate community data to monitor
        temporal-spatial physical, chemical, and population indices.
        (Upper Columbia Columbia Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 2A1
        (a, b), 1A2 (a, c, d); Spokane Subbasin Objectives 1B1 (d, i),
        1B7 (a, c, d)).

2.  As partial mitigation for resident fish losses, fund a cooperative
    project among the Spokane Tribe of Indians, Confederated Colville
    Tribes and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife to
    complete a baseline assessment of white sturgeon populations and
    associated habitats in Lake Roosevelt from Grand Coulee Dam to the
    international border, including the Spokane Arm of Lake Roosevelt.
    (Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 2A1 (a), 2A2 (a, c,
    d, e), 2B, 2C1 (a, c); Spokane Subbasin Objectives 1A1 (a, b), 2C1
    (a, b), 2C2 (a, c), Research, monitoring and evaluation plan).

    -   Complete assessments of current population size, abundance of
        each age class, age/length frequency, recruitment rate,
        mortality, distribution and migration patterns, life history,
        habitat use, environmental factors affecting abundance. (Upper
        Columbia Subbasin Objectives 2C1 (c). Spokane Subbasin
        Objectives 1A1 (a, b)).

    -   Assess feasibility for a conservation artificial production
        facility. (Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives (2A1 (a), 2A2 (c,
        d, e), 2C1 (a, c). Spokane Subbasin Objectives 2C1 (a, b), 2C2
        (a, c)).

    -   Implement research, monitoring, evaluation and recovery measures
        using the Upper Columbia White Sturgeon Recovery Initiative plan
        as a guide. (Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives 2A1 (a), 2A2 (a,
        c, d, e), 2B, 2C1 (a, c). Spokane Subbasin Objectives 1A1 (a,
        b), 2C1 (a, b), 2C2 (a, c)).

3.  Operate Grand Coulee Dam as recommended by the Northwest Power and
    Conservation Council's Mainstem Amendments to the Columbia River
    Basin Fish and Wildlife Program (2003). (Upper Columbia Subbasin
    Objectives (strategies) 1A1 (a, b, c, d); Spokane Subbasin Objective
    (strategies): 1A1 (c)).

4.  Assess genetic distribution of redband trout and other native
    species throughout the intermountain province in coordination with
    fisheries co-managers (Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives
    (strategies) 1C1 (a), 2A1 (a); Spokane Subbasin Objective
    (strategies): 1C1 (a), 2A1 (a-c)).

# 

5.  As partial mitigation for anadromous fish losses enhance and
    monitor/evaluate water quality, productivity, habitat, and fish
    communities of lakes and tributaries on and adjacent to the Spokane
    Indian Reservation. (Spokane Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 1B1
    (a-e), 1B2 (a-g) 1B3 (a-j), 1B4 (a-h), 1B5 (a-c), 1B6 a, b), 1C4
    (a-d),1C6, 2A1 (a-c), 2A2, (a-f), 2A3 (a-h), 2B1 (a-c), 2C1 (a-b),
    2C2 (a-c), 2C3 (b)).

6.  Support objectives to assess feasibility for anadromous fish
    reintroductions above Chief Joseph Dam and Grand Coulee Dam (Upper
    Columbia Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 2D1 (a, b), 2D2; Spokane
    Subbasin Objectives 2D1 (a, b), 2D2).

7.  Assist in funding transboundary water quality issues and monitoring
    and implementation of water quality strategies that benefit the
    upper Columbia River and its tributaries, including alternative
    reservoir operation scenarios. \[Spokane Subbasin Objectives
    (strategies) 1B3 (h, i, j), 1B5 (a, b)\].

8.  Operate and maintain Lake Roosevelt and Banks Lake artificial
    production program (Spokane Tribal, Sherman Creek and Ford Trout
    Hatcheries and Lake Roosevelt Net Pen Project) to continue
    production of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout. \[Upper Columbia
    Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 2A1 (b, d), 2A2 (b, c, d, e), 2C1
    (a, b, d, f); Spokane Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 2C1 (a, b),
    2C3 (b, f)\].

9.  Perform baseline investigation to assess current status of kokanee
    salmon populations, determine and implement habitat improvement
    necessary to achieve wild kokanee salmon biological objectives and
    develop harvest management regulations to protect wild kokanee
    salmon. Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 1A1 (a, b,
    d), 1A2 (a-d), 1A3 (a-e), 1A5 (a-d), 1B2 (a-k), 1B3 (a-g), 1B6
    (a-e), 1B7 (a-g), 1B8 (a-d) 2A1 (a-d), 2A2 (a-e); Spokane Subbasin
    Objectives (strategies) 1A1 (a, b), 1B1 (a-e), 1B2 (a-j), 1B4 (a-h),
    1B5 (a-c), 1B7 (a-e), 1C4 (a), 2A1 (a-c), 2A2 (a-f), 2A3 (a-h), 2C2
    (a), 2C3 (b, f)).

10. Complete habitat improvements in selected tributaries to improve
    passage and habitat for sensitive salmonid species. \[Upper Columbia
    Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 1A1 (a, b, d), 1A2 (a-d), 1A3
    (a-e), 1A5 (a-d), 1B2 (a-k), 1B3 (a-g), 1B6 (a-e), 1B7 (a-g), 1B8
    (a-d) 2A1 (a-d), 2A2 (a-e); Spokane Subbasin Objectives (strategies)
    1A1 (a, b), 1B1 (a-e), 1B2 (a-j), 1B4 (a-h), 1B5 (a-c), 1B7 (a-e),
    1C4 (a), 2A1 (a-c), 2A2 (a-f), 2A3 (a-h), 2C2 (a), 2C3 (b, f)\].

### Terrestrial measures

11. Complete mitigation for the construction and inundation losses of
    wildlife habitat, as defined in the Wildlife Protection, Mitigation
    and Enhancement Planning for Grand Coulee Dam (Final Report 1986).
    (Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives 1A1 through 1A9, 2C2; Spokane
    Subbasin Objectives 1A1 through 1A9; 2B3).

12. Conduct annual Operation and Maintenance activities on lands that
    are acquired as wildlife mitigation (consistent with the CBFWA
    Wildlife Operation, Maintenance, and Enhancement Guidelines).
    \[Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives (strategies) 1A (a, c); Spokane
    Subbasin Objectives 1A10, 1A11\].

13. Conduct annual Monitoring and Evaluation activities on lands that
    are acquired through wildlife mitigation. \[Upper Columbia Subbasin
    Research, Monitoring and Evaluation Plan; Spokane Subbasin Research,
    Monitoring and Evaluation Plan\].

14. Implement as partial mitigation a Sharp-tailed Grouse Restoration
    Project on the Spokane Indian Reservation. \[Upper Columbia Subbasin
    Objectives (strategies) 1A8 (a, b, c) and 2A2; Spokane Subbasin
    Objectives 1A8 and 2A2\].

15. Conduct a terrestrial operational loss assessment for Grand Coulee
    Dam, develop a mitigation plan, and implement projects as mitigation
    for identified losses. \[Upper Columbia Subbasin Objectives 1B1 and
    1B3; Spokane Subbasin Objectives 1B1 through 1B3\].

##### **Biological Objectives** 

##### 

##### **Coeur d'Alene Tribe**

##### 

##### *Coeur d'Alene Subbasin*

##### 

##### Restoration

> The Coeur d'Alene Tribe will implement habitat restoration and
> enhancement measures primarily in Lake, Benewah, Evans and Alder
> Creeks located within the Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation. Projects
> will be prioritized based on their potential for fostering long-term
> ecological recovery and will be pursued in locations that restore
> habitat linkages to highly productive habitats.
>
> Strategies include:

1)  removing or modifying those land use impacts that are causing
    habitat degradation,

2)  re-establishing riparian/stream linkages and removing barriers to
    fish passage,

3)  restoring natural ecosystem processes and riparian plant
    communities,

4)  improving stream channel stability through restoration of incised
    stream reaches,

5)  reduction of sediment mobilization and transport from upland
    sources, and

6)  improving instream habitat complexity.

##### Harvest 

> These measures will be addressed in a phased approach that provides
> interim fishery benefits while the risks of hatchery production to
> natural fish can be developed and refined based on evaluations of
> critical uncertainties.
>
> Strategies include:

1.  Phase 1 involves immediate provision of harvest opportunities
    through the use of a hatchery to produce or grow out trout for
    release into isolated catch out ponds that provide a 'put and take'
    sport fishery on the reservation.

2.  Phase 2 provides a put-and-take cutthroat trout fishery in
    reservation streams currently lacking natural populations. A
    hatchery will produce captive-reared progeny of wild parents for
    release into streams for put-and-take cutthroat trout fisheries.

3.  Phase 3 will address the feasibility of utilizing hatchery
    production to conserve wild populations and re-establishing and
    creating populations where they currently do not exist.

##### Habitat Acquisition

1.  Implement plans to purchase or acquire conservation easements on
    high priority land that includes specific riparian and/or wetland
    habitat or other habitats that exert a demonstrable influence on
    processes affecting the abundance and distribution of target
    species. These lands would then be managed in perpetuity
    specifically for fish and wildlife production. Other incidental uses
    would have to be compatible with those purposes, as determined by
    supporting biological information.

##### Research Monitoring and Evaluation

> The Tribe will pursue a research, monitoring and evaluation (RM&E)
> program to identify and resolve critical uncertainties relative to the
> response of westslope cutthroat trout populations to habitat
> improvements and the ability of natural populations to provide harvest
> opportunities to offset anadromous fish losses (*see box 1*).
>
> Strategies include:

1.  measure a core set of physical, chemical and biological variables at
    a number of stratified, randomly selected \"control\" and treatment
    sites in target tributaries,

2.  measure the annual production of cutthroat trout in target streams
    and evaluate changes in production relative to habitat
    modifications,

3.  evaluate the effectiveness of brook trout removal strategies in
    Alder and Benewah creeks and monitor the response of cutthroat
    populations,

4.  measure life-stage survival rates of adfluvial westslope cutthroat
    trout in stream and lake environments using mark-recapture
    techniques;

5.  measure the annual production of non-native species (e.g. northern
    pike, largemouth and smallmouth bass) that prey on adfluvial
    westslope cutthroat trout in Coeur d\'Alene Lake.

> Adaptive management strategies will be implemented based on the
> results of RM&E work to improve the long-term success of Program
> measures.

##### Education and Outreach

1.  The Tribe will conduct an educational/outreach program for private
    landowners, students and the general public within the Coeur d'Alene
    Reservation to facilitate a "holistic" watershed protection process.

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### 

### Coeur d'Alene Reservation Tributary Biological/Habitat Objectives

> Biological objectives for the adfluvial and resident life histories of
> cutthroat trout in tributaries on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation
> located within the Coeur d'Alene Subbasin include restoring
> populations to a desired future condition based on the estimated
> historic abundance levels for adult fish in four target watersheds.
> This will be accomplished by achieving interim biological and habitat
> objectives (25, 50 and 75 percent of optimal level) by the target
> dates noted in the following tables (*Tables 1 and 2*).
>
> The biological objectives are the sum of escapement and harvest
> targets, with the 100 percent target level approximating the number of
> adult fish needed to fully seed the available spawning habitat (*Table
> 1)*. This target level is thought to be roughly equivalent to the
> historic abundance of adfluvial cutthroat in the respective systems.
> Escapement targets have yet to be determined, but will be derived as
> part of the ongoing process of refining program measures. Escapement
> targets will ultimately be determined from estimates of the
> probability of persistence after Dennis et al. (1991) to ensure that
> persistence over the next 100 years would exceed 99%. Once minimum
> escapement targets are reached, harvest targets will be incrementally
> increased to meet the subsistence needs of Tribal members. Harvest
> targets will also be determined as part of the ongoing process of
> refining program measures.
>
> Achievement of cutthroat trout biological objectives is related to
> enhancing habitat indicators in each tributary to achieve desired
> future conditions (*Table 2)*. The habitat indicators include key
> parameters affecting production and growth of resident salmonids and
> are consistent with the monitoring protocols being implemented by the
> Coeur d'Alene Tribe. Optimal and/or target conditions were derived
> from peer reviewed scientific literature and habitat suitability
> indices.
>
> Table 1. Biological Objectives for Coeur d'Alene Reservation
> Tributaries in the Coeur d'Alene Subbasin.

+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
| ####      | > *     | > **       | > **    | > **       | > *     |
| Tributary | *Target | Escapement | Harvest | Biological | *Year** |
|           | > Lev   | > T        | > Targ  | > O        |         |
|           | el^a^** | arget^c^** | et^d^** | bjective** |         |
|           |         |            |         | > **^b^**  |         |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
| > Alder   | > 25    | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 2,628    | > 2015  |
| > Creek   |         |            |         |            |         |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
|           | > 50    | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 5,256    | > 2025  |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
|           | > 75    | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 7,882    | > 2035  |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
|           | > 100   | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 10,510   | >       |
|           |         |            |         |            |  Beyond |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
| > Benewah | > 25    | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 3,353    | > 2015  |
| > Creek   |         |            |         |            |         |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
|           | > 50    | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 6,704    | > 2025  |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
|           | > 75    | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 10,053   | > 2035  |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
|           | > 100   | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 13,405   | >       |
|           |         |            |         |            |  Beyond |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
| > Evans   | > 25    | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 1,514    | > 2015  |
| > Creek   |         |            |         |            |         |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
|           | > 50    | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 3,028    | > 2025  |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
|           | > 75    | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 4,540    | > 2035  |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
|           | > 100   | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 6,054    | >       |
|           |         |            |         |            |  Beyond |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
| > Lake    | > 25    | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 3,080    | > 2015  |
| > Creek   |         |            |         |            |         |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
|           | > 50    | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 6,160    | > 2025  |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
|           | > 75    | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 9,240    | > 2035  |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+
|           | > 100   | > TBD      | > TBD   | > 12,320   | >       |
|           |         |            |         |            |  Beyond |
+-----------+---------+------------+---------+------------+---------+

> ^a^ Target level is defined as the percent of estimated historic
> abundance levels based on the productivity of undisturbed habitats.

^b^ Biological objective is the sum of escapement and harvest targets.
The 100 percent target level is defined as the number of adult fish
needed to fully seed the available spawning habitat, given the following
assumptions:

-   Spawning is primarily restricted to 2^nd^ order tributaries (CDA
    Tribe population data, 1994-1998);

-   Usable spawning habitat comprises 4.1% of the total stream area in
    2^nd^ order tributaries, when averaged across the four target
    watersheds (CDA Tribe habitat assessment data, 1998);

-   Potential spawning gravel was defined as patches of substrate at
    least 0.25 m^2^ in area with particles 2-35 mm in diameter and
    average redd size is 0.15m^2^ (Magee et al. 1996).

-   1:1.6 male to female spawner ratio (IDFG 1998);

-   3 redds for every 2 spawning females (Scott and Crossman 1973);

^c^ Escapement targets will be calculated as the minimum number of
spawning adults needed to ensure a probability of persistence greater
than 99% over 100 years (Dennis et al 1991).

^d^ Harvest targets will be established as part of the ongoing process
to refine program measures.

> *Table 2. Habitat objectives for Coeur d'Alene Reservation tributaries
> in the Coeur d'Alene Subbasin.*
>
> **Lake Cree**k

+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **Habitat       | >          | >         | > **T |       |       |
| > Indicators**    | **Baseline | **Optimal | arget |       |       |
|                   | >          | > Co      | > Co  |       |       |
|                   |  Condition | ndition** | nditi |       |       |
|                   | > (1998)** |           | ons** |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
|                   |            |           | > *   | > *   | > *   |
|                   |            |           | *25** | *50** | *75** |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **Tributaries** |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Residual Pool   | > TBD      | > 1.5 m   |       |       |       |
| > Depth           |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Stream Canopy   | > 52%      | > 75%     | > 58  | > 64  | > 69  |
| > Density         |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > LWD Density     | > 0.013    | > 0.      | >     | >     | >     |
|                   | > m^3^/m   | 133-0.514 | 0.104 | 0.196 | 0.288 |
|                   |            | > m^3^/m  |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Pool Frequency  | > 24.7%    | > 35-65%  | > 35  | > 45  | > 55  |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Fines (\<4mm)   | > 39.0     | > \<10%   | >     | >     | >     |
| > in Spawning     |            |           |  31.7 |  24.5 |  17.3 |
| > Gravels         |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Channel/Bank    | > 106      | > \<77    | > 98  | > 90  | > 82  |
| > Stability       |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Max Water       | > \<16°C   | > 16°C    | > NC  | > NC  | > NC  |
| > Temperature     |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **Mainstem**    |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Residual Pool   | > TBD      | > 1.5 m   |       |       |       |
| > Depth           |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Stream Canopy   | > 37%      | > 75%     | > 47  | > 56  | > 66  |
| > Density         |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > LWD Density     | > 0.013    | > 0.      | >     | >     | >     |
|                   | > m^3^/m   | 133-0.514 | 0.104 | 0.196 | 0.289 |
|                   |            | > m^3^/m  |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Pool Frequency  | > 19.7%    | > 35-65%  | > 31  | > 43  | > 54  |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Fines (\<4mm)   | > 36.5%    | > \<15%   | > 31  | > 26  | > 20  |
| > in Riffle-Run   |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Channel/Bank    | > 87       | > \<77    | > 84  | > 81  | > 77  |
| > Stability       |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Max Water       | > 20°C     | > 18°C    | > 19  | > 18  | > NC  |
| > Temperature     |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+

> **Benewah Cree**k

+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **Habitat       | >          | >         | > **T |       |       |
| > Indicators**    | **Baseline | **Optimal | arget |       |       |
|                   | >          | > Co      | > Co  |       |       |
|                   |  Condition | ndition** | nditi |       |       |
|                   | > (1998)** |           | ons** |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
|                   |            |           | > *   | > *   | > *   |
|                   |            |           | *25** | *50** | *75** |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **Tributaries** |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Residual Pool   | > TBD      | > 1.5 m   |       |       |       |
| > Depth           |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Stream Canopy   | > 64%      | > 75%     | > 67  | > 70  | > 72  |
| > Density         |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > LWD Density     | > 0.003    | > 0.      | >     | >     | >     |
|                   | > m^3^/m   | 133-0.514 | 0.098 | 0.193 | 0.289 |
|                   |            | > m^3^/m  |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Pool Frequency  | > 48.3%    | > 35-65%  | > 52  | > 57  | > 61  |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Fines (\<4mm)   | > 18.8%    | > \<10%   | >     | >     | >     |
| > in Spawning     |            |           |  16.6 |  14.4 |  12.2 |
| > Gravels         |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Channel/Bank    | > 91       | > \<77    | > 87  | > 83  | > 79  |
| > Stability       |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Max Water       | > 17°C     | > 16°C    | > 16  | > NC  | > NC  |
| > Temperature     |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **Mainstem**    |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Residual Pool   | > TBD      | > 1.5 m   |       |       |       |
| > Depth           |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Stream Canopy   | > 31%      | > 75%     | > 42  | > 53  | > 64  |
| > Density         |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > LWD Density     | > 0.003    | > 0.      | >     | >     | >     |
|                   | > m^3^/m   | 133-0.514 | 0.098 | 0.193 | 0.289 |
|                   |            | > m^3^/m  |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Pool Frequency  | > 21.7     | > 35-65%  | > 33  | > 43  | > 54  |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Fines (\<4mm)   | > 4%       | > \<15%   | > NC  | > NC  | > NC  |
| > in Riffle-Run   |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Channel/Bank    | > 87       | > \<77    | > 84  | > 81  | > 78  |
| > Stability       |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Max Water       | > 22°C     | > 18°C    | > 21  | > 20  | > 19  |
| > Temperature     |            |           |       |       |       |
+-------------------+------------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+

> **Alder Cree**k

+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **Habitat   | > **Baseline | > **Optimal | > **T |       |       |
| >             | > Condition  | >           | arget |       |       |
|  Indicators** | > (1998)**   | Condition** | > Co  |       |       |
|               |              |             | nditi |       |       |
|               |              |             | ons** |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
|               |              |             | > *   | > *   | > *   |
|               |              |             | *25** | *50** | *75** |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **          |              |             |       |       |       |
| Tributaries** |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Residual    | > TBD        | > 1.5 m     |       |       |       |
| > Pool Depth  |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Stream      | > 61.9%      | > 75%       | > 65  | > 68  | > 72  |
| > Canopy      |              |             |       |       |       |
| > Density     |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > LWD Density | > 0.006      | >           | >     | >     | >     |
|               | > m^3^/m     | 0.133-0.514 | 0.101 | 0.197 | 0.292 |
|               |              | > m^3^/m    |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Pool        | > 40.7       | > 35-65%    | > 47  | > 53  | > 59  |
| > Frequency   |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Fines       | > 13.6%      | > \<10%     | >     | >     | >     |
| > (\<4mm) in  |              |             |  12.7 |  11.6 |  10.5 |
| > Spawning    |              |             |       |       |       |
| > Gravels     |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| >             | > 80         | > \<77      | > 79  | > 78  | > 77  |
|  Channel/Bank |              |             |       |       |       |
| > Stability   |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Max Water   | > 16.6°C     | > 16°C      | > 16  | > NC  | > NC  |
| > Temperature |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| >             |              |             |       |       |       |
|  **Mainstem** |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Residual    | > TBD        | > 1.5 m     |       |       |       |
| > Pool Depth  |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Stream      | > 52.9%      | > 75%       | > 58  | > 64  | > 69  |
| > Canopy      |              |             |       |       |       |
| > Density     |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > LWD Density | > 0.006      | >           | >     | >     | >     |
|               | > m^3^/m     | 0.133-0.514 | 0.101 | 0.197 | 0.292 |
|               |              | > m^3^/m    |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Pool        | > 38%        | > 35-65%    | > 45  | > 52  | > 58  |
| > Frequency   |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Fines       | > \<15%      | > \<15%     | > NC  | > NC  | > NC  |
| > (\<4mm) in  |              |             |       |       |       |
| > Riffle-Run  |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| >             | > 86         | > \<77      | > 83  | > 81  | > 77  |
|  Channel/Bank |              |             |       |       |       |
| > Stability   |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Max Water   | > 19°C       | > 18°C      | > 18  | > NC  | > NC  |
| > Temperature |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+

> **Evans Cree**k

+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **Habitat   | > **Baseline | > **Optimal | > **T |       |       |
| >             | > Condition  | >           | arget |       |       |
|  Indicators** | > (1998)**   | Condition** | > Co  |       |       |
|               |              |             | nditi |       |       |
|               |              |             | ons** |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
|               |              |             | > *   | > *   | > *   |
|               |              |             | *25** | *50** | *75** |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **          |              |             |       |       |       |
| Tributaries** |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Residual    | > TBD        | > 1.5 m     |       |       |       |
| > Pool Depth  |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Stream      | > 80%        | > 75%       | > NC  | > NC  | > NC  |
| > Canopy      |              |             |       |       |       |
| > Density     |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > LWD Density | > 0.016      | >           | >     | >     | >     |
|               | > m^3^/m     | 0.133-0.514 | 0.111 | 0.207 | 0.302 |
|               |              | > m^3^/m    |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Pool        | > \>65%      | > 35-65%    | > NC  | > NC  | > NC  |
| > Frequency   |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Fines       | > 13.5%      | > \<10%     | >     | >     | >     |
| > (\<4mm) in  |              |             |  12.6 |  11.8 |  10.9 |
| > Spawning    |              |             |       |       |       |
| > Gravels     |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| >             | > 73         | > \<77      | > NC  | > NC  | > NC  |
|  Channel/Bank |              |             |       |       |       |
| > Stability   |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Max Water   | > \<16°C     | > 16°C      | > NC  | > NC  | > NC  |
| > Temperature |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| >             |              |             |       |       |       |
|  **Mainstem** |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Residual    | > TBD        | > 1.5 m     |       |       |       |
| > Pool Depth  |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Stream      | > 61%        | > 75%       | > 65  | > 68  | > 72  |
| > Canopy      |              |             |       |       |       |
| > Density     |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > LWD Density | > 0.016      | >           | >     | >     | >     |
|               | > m^3^/m     | 0.133-0.514 | 0.111 | 0.207 | 0.302 |
|               |              | > m^3^/m    |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Pool        | > 41%        | > 35-65%    | > 47  | > 53  | > 59  |
| > Frequency   |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Fines       | > \<15%      | > \<15%     | > NC  | > NC  | > NC  |
| > (\<4mm) in  |              |             |       |       |       |
| > Riffle-Run  |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| >             | > 93         | > \<77      | > 88  | > 84  | > 79  |
|  Channel/Bank |              |             |       |       |       |
| > Stability   |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Max Water   | > 17°C       | > 18°C      | > NC  | > NC  | > NC  |
| > Temperature |              |             |       |       |       |
+---------------+--------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+

###### Spokane Subbasin

> The Coeur d'Alene Tribe will implement habitat restoration and
> enhancement measures in Hangman Creek, and it's tributaries. Projects
> will be prioritized based on their potential for fostering long-term
> ecological recovery and will be pursued in locations that restore
> habitat linkages to highly productive habitats. Strategies include: 1)
> removing or modifying those land use impacts that are causing habitat
> degradation, 2) re-establishing riparian/stream linkages and removing
> barriers to fish passage, 3) restoring natural ecosystem processes and
> riparian plant communities, 4) improving stream channel stability
> through restoration of incised stream reaches, 5) reduction of
> sediment mobilization and transport from upland sources, and 5)
> improving instream habitat complexity.
>
> Harvest objectives will be addressed in a phased approach that
> provides interim fishery benefits while the risks of hatchery
> production to natural fish can be developed and refined based on
> evaluations of critical uncertainties. Phase 1 involves immediate
> provision of harvest opportunities through the use of a hatchery to
> produce or grow out trout for release into isolated catch out ponds
> that provide a 'put and take' sport fishery on the reservation. Phase
> 2 provides a put-and-take trout fishery in reservation streams
> currently lacking natural populations. A hatchery will produce
> captive-reared progeny of wild parents for release into streams for
> put-and-take trout fisheries. This phase of the project will
> simultaneously address the feasibility of utilizing hatchery
> production to conserve wild populations and re-establishing and
> creating populations where they currently do not exist.
>
> Implement plans to purchase or acquire conservation easements on high
> priority land that includes specific riparian and/or wetland habitat
> or other habitats that exert a demonstrable influence on processes
> affecting the abundance and distribution of target species. These
> lands would then be managed in perpetuity specifically for fish and
> wildlife production. Other incidental uses would have to be compatible
> with those purposes, as determined by supporting biological
> information.
>
> The Tribe will pursue a research, monitoring and evaluation (RM&E)
> program to identify and resolve critical uncertainties (*Box 1*)
> relative to the response of native trout populations to habitat
> improvements and the ability of natural populations to provide harvest
> opportunities to offset anadromous fish losses.
>
> RM&E strategies will be developed in the final year of assessment and
> will follow the same approach described in the comprehensive research
> monitoring and evaluation plan (Vitale et al. 2003). The RM&E
> strategies include: 1) measure a core set of physical, chemical and
> biological variables at a number of stratified, randomly selected
> \"control\" and treatment sites in target tributaries, 2) measure the
> annual production of native trout in target streams and evaluate
> changes in production relative to habitat modifications, 3) evaluate
> the effectiveness of removal of non-native fish, 4) measure life-stage
> survival rates of fluvial and resident redband trout in streams using
> mark-recapture techniques; 5) Measure discharge, temperature, and
> Total Suspended Solids, as a response to restoration efforts. Adaptive
> management strategies will be implemented and refined based on the
> results of RM&E.
>
> Adaptive management strategies will be implemented based on the
> results of RM&E work to improve the long-term success of Program
> measures. Also, the Tribe will conduct an educational/outreach program
> for private landowners, students and the general public within the
> Coeur d'Alene Reservation to facilitate a "holistic" watershed
> protection process.

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# *Hangman Creek Biological/Habitat Objectives*

> Biological objectives for the fluvial and resident life histories of
> redband trout in the mainstem and tributaries of Hangman Creek within
> the Spokane Subbasin include restoring populations to a desired future
> condition. Quantifying the desired future condition is difficult given
> the lack of historic abundance levels for of adult fish. Ongoing
> interviews with local landowners reveal that salmonid distribution was
> widespread just twenty to thirty years ago when riparian burning and
> channel alterations by state and federal agencies occurred within
> agriculture impacted areas. However, this type of information lacks
> population data as well as reliable species composition. Recent
> qualitative habitat assessments and distribution and relative
> abundance of redband trout in the Hangman Creek drainage reveal that
> current conditions are characterized by highly degraded habitat with
> only a small fraction of the unknown historical redband trout
> production. The program goal is to develop a subsistence fishery for
> tribal members while sustaining a robust natural population of redband
> trout with a high probability to persist in the future. With the above
> goal in mind, we will increase the natural production of redband trout
> through large-scale habitat improvements and management practices that
> protect the habitats. Ultimately, when natural production rates
> increase, we will develop harvest targets that maintain the escapement
> target to sustain natural production. The escapement target will
> ultimately be determined from estimates of the probability of
> persistence after Dennis et al. (1991) to ensure a 99% probability of
> persistence of redband trout over the next 100 years. Once minimum
> escapement targets are reached, harvest targets will be incrementally
> increased to meet the subsistence needs of Tribal members. If RM&E
> results reveal that the redband trout population is depressed to the
> extent that it cannot respond to habitat restoration, then artificial
> production strategies will be evaluated to reintroduce redband trout
> into historical habitats and provide a tribal subsistence fishery.