# Source Identifications for CDAW Storms

**WG1; Version 25 March 2005**

[Storm Date Category Comments]{.underline}

1 23 Oct. 1996 CIR only Sun centered CH. No shock, no ICME classic CIR.

2 22 Apr 1997 Single (slow) Apr. 16, 07:35 CME EIT disk center, PH
(113). Too early? Apr. 17, Poss. MC, no shock, start 21, 17:30 until 23,
06:30. Bs in first half. 2^nd^ ICME at 22, noon?

3 15 May 1997 Single Well known event. FH CME on May 12, DB, doub.
dimmings, wave (S-G-C event) ICME: Shock 15, 02:09; S-N MC/FR; Bs in
sheath and front half of MC.

4 11 Oct 1997 Single? 2 poss. CMEs; 1 CME Oct. 6, 15:28 PH (135); Oct. 7
arcade; 17:00. No LASCO CME. Oct. 6 Halo; S54E15 arcade; likely? FF
Shock 10, 15:57. MC late on 10^th^ thru 11^th^. Bs in sheath and front
half of S-N MC.

5 7 Nov 1997 Single? 2 CMEs from AR. Prime is FH 4, 06:10. SEP. Shock 6,
22:30. ICME on 7^th^. Bs in sheath and at front of S-N MC. Rot. In
sheath (ICME?) long 24 hr MC/FR. SB?

6 23 Nov 1997 C1, U FH CME Nov 19, 10:27.

7 18 Feb 1998 Inconclusive PH CME 14, 06:55; SE reg., EIT 09:50, no CME;
Slow extended ICME; no shock; Bs at first inc. in B at front of ICME.

8 10 Mar 1998 CIR only. Narrow CH but not centered till Mar 9. No shock,
SB/HSS ff. Bs in at start of HSS.

9(J) 4 May 1998 Complex Shock 4, 02:15 is clearly with arrival of May 2,
13:30 FH CME; also sm. shock at 3, 17:00. Some discussion about
involvement of the end of the April 29th MC. Possible high speed stream?
Bs in sheath and compressed region.

10 26 June 1998 Multiple 2 CMEs/2 ICMEs PH (163) CME 21, 05:35 N15W30;
C2 flare, or 22, 07:34; long arcade in south, Shock 25, 16:12. S-N MC/FR
earlier so Bn before shock. MCL in front of Bs; Bs due to 2^nd^ ICME.
Probably the 1^st^ and 2^nd^ CME line up with the 2 ICMEs. Speeds match.

11 6 Aug1998 C4, N (No SOHO data)

12 7 Aug 1998 C4, N (No SOHO data)

13 27 Aug 1998 C4, N (No SOHO data)

14 25 Sep 1998 C4, N (No SOHO data)

15 19 Oct 1998 Single FH CME at Oct 15, 10:04; DB, XR arcade, dimming.
(S-G-C event) Shock 18, 21:28 (19:29?) MCL (FR?) ICME follows. Strong Bs
just before and mostly in MCL before interface at 19, 1500. (No SOHO
before obs. of Oct. 15 CME).

16 8 Nov 1998 Inconclusive (shock ided) 3 CMEs: 3, 19:30; 4, 07:54 (N
arcade), 5, 02:41; Shock on 8, 04:41 from biggest FH CME on 5, 20:44.
EIT dimming region. Bs preceded shock. 1^st^ ICME had Bs then enh. by
shock.

17 9 Nov 1998 Single Due to 5, 20:44 M8 FH CME. Long ICME continues
after above MCL and has 20 hr period of Bs. No shock.

18 13 Nov 1998 Single? PH (190) CME on Nov 09,18:17. Possible CME on
8th, but most agree that it\'s the 9th CME. \[DW: SSC at 13, 01:40
followed by long period of Bs in ICME. Field reversal (?) in middle.\]

19(J) Jan. 13, 1999 C4, N (No SOHO data)

20 18 Feb 1999 C4, N (No SOHO data Feb 14-19)

21 23 Sep 1999 Single FH CME, 20, 0606, quiet DB, arcade. SRAMP event
#1. Bs in leading edge of ICME after sheath. Shock 22, 12:09. SB at
shock. MC precedes shock.

22 22 Oct 1999 C3, U+C

23 13 Nov 1999 C4, N (No SOHO data Nov 8-15; 15-22)

24 12 Feb 2000 C3, mult

25(J) April 7, 2000 Single Bs in shock sheath, consistent with a
\"grazing blow.\" There is some MCL structure in it but not low T.
Another ICME with Bn follows. Shock at 6, 04:30, (Wind 16:32) going 640
km/sec, timed well with FH CME on April 4, 16:32 towards the west;
dimming, long arcade, DB. Possibly running into a previous CME.

26 24 May 2000 C3, Q

27(J) 16 July 2000 Single July 14, 10:54 Bastille day event -
sun-centered full halo, arcade, DB, big SEP event. ICME well defined
with Bs in sheath and mainly leading part of MC/FR. Very strong B in MC.
Shock 15, 14:18. Maybe sm. MC ahead of main ICME (see Lepping et al.,
2001).

28(J) 11 Aug. 2000 Inconclusive Sev. candidate CMEs on Aug. 7-8. C&R say
the source was on Aug 6, but everyone thinks that\'s a backside CME.
Another good candidate is on Aug 8, but the IP signature seems to show

it\'s too fast. Candidate late on Aug 7/early August 8, CME appears
somewhat earth-directed. Bs in leading part of MC: B=0 then south then
back to north. No shock before; the one below follows. IP velocity jumps
from 350-450 km/sec, probably some slowdown of the CME. Ahead of the CME
appears to have eroded a lot - extended temp and density increase. So a
CME on Aug 8 could have slowed down from 867-450 km/sec. Strong
deceleration on Aug 8 CME, so perhaps it does match with the IP data.
However, EIT signature is far to west limb - the PA of the CME is
consistent, but it\'s got a huge angle compared to the EIT source.

29(J) 12 Aug. 2000 Single FH CME 9, 16:30. Shock 11, 18:10 (Wind 18:49).
S-N FR; Bs in front of MC, maybe some in sheath.

30 18 Sep 2000 C2, mult

31 5 Oct 2000 C3, U

32 14 Oct 2000 C1, U FH CME Oct 9, 23:50

33(J) 29 Oct. 2000 Single Oct. 25, 08:26 FH CME; activity NW to WL.
Shocks 28, 06:46 & 09:30; S-N MC/FR; Bs in front half of MC & some just
ahead of MC boundary. (No SOHO data late 26^th^ to 29).

34 6 Nov 2000 C1, U FH CME Nov 3, 18:26

35 29 Nov 2000 C2, M

36 20 Mar 2001 C1, U PH (\>280) CME Mar 16, 03:50

\*37 31 Mar 2001 C1, U, messy IP FH CME Mar 29, 10:26

38 12 Apr 2001 C1, mult. FH CME Apr 10, 05:30

39 18 Apr 2001 C1, U PH (167) CME Apr 15, 14:06

40 22 Apr 2001 C1, U PH (129) CME Apr 19, 12:30

41 17 Aug 2001 C1, U FH CME Aug 14, 16:01

42 26 Sep 2001 C1, U FH CME Sep 24, 10:30

43 1 Oct 2001 C2, U

44 3 Oct 2001 C1, U PH (216) CME Sep 29, 11:54

\*45 21 Oct 2001 C2, mult.

46 28 Oct 2001 C1, U FH CME Oct 25, 15:26

47(J) 6 Nov. 2001 Single Nov. 4, 16:35 FH CME. No EIT data, but sigmoid
in SXT and SXI; X1 flare leads to big SEP. Shock 6, 0110; strong but
brief B and Bs follows shock; some low T, maybe ICME material preceding
shock with some Bs (preconditioning). ACE loses plasma data & Wind data
gap.

48(J) 24 Nov. 2001 Inconclusive Two shocks close together in time: weak
24, 04:54; strong 05:51. Bs mostly in sheath before a MCL feature which
is mostly Bn. The second definitely came from the Nov. 22, 23:30 FH CME,
but the first could be from different sources on Nov. 21 (fil. eruption
in north) or 22. FH CME on far WL at 22, 20:30. Filament eruption north
of disk center around 21, 14:00 too. However, the two CMEs have roughly
the same speed from the 22nd. Either the first CME far in the west
managed to reach earth, or the filament CME arrives and the fast CME on
the 22nd nearly catches it when it reaches Earth. (BT & DB: filament on
the 21st followed by the 22nd 23:30 CME. NG & JZ: CME at 20:30 followed
by the 23:30 CME.)

49 24 Mar 2002 C2, U

\*50(J) 18 Apr. 2002 Single Isolated source, FH CME exactly at disk
center on April 15; 03:50. Shock 17, 11:01; Bs in sheath then Bn then Bs
in front half of S-N MC. Dst shows doub. dips.

\*51(J) 20 Apr. 2002 Single FH CME Apr. 17, 08:26. Apr. 17 Storm right
after event 50. Shock 19, 08:25 ends above MC; then 2 Dst dips caused by
2 Bs bet. shock and a MCL feature, so in sheath?

52 11 May 2002 C1, U FH CME May 8, 13:50

53 23 May 2002 C2, U+C

54 2 Aug 2002 C1, U PH (154) CME July 29, 12:07

55 21 Aug 2002 C3, U

56 4 Sep 2002 Likely CIR No ICME mat. Modest HSS, shock: 3, 1817;
reverse shock 4, 18:00; Dst well within region of compressed plasma.
Sharp B rotation. CH centered on Aug. 30, too early?

57 8 Sep 2002 C1, U FH CME Sep 5, 16:54

58(J) 1 Oct. 2002 Solar inconclusive; ICME clear. \~20 hr. DB on Sep 27,
07:48. CME to SW; Jie PH (202) CME 26, 01:00 but no disk signature(!);
Gopal CME 28, too fast? Shock 30, 07:55. N-S MC; Bs at rear of MC.

59(J) 4 Oct. 2002 Single CME on Sep. 30, 02:30, nice DB on disk, slow;
ICME subtle, no CSEs, good alpha enh. on 3^rd^, 4^th^ and low T; B low
but MC. Duration 18hr low T. Shock Oct 2, 22:41. Bs in ICME before and
in MC.

60 7 Oct 2002 Likely CIR Weak CH centered 2 days before. Modest HSS.
Weak, B, Bs, and storm (barely -100). Dst -50 for hrs. before. ICME
(#59) 3 days before.

61 14 Oct 2002 CIR only CH isolated, big, centered on 11. No shock; HSS
ff. classic SB where Bs causes Dst peak.

62 21 Nov 2002 CIR with poss. ICME Poss. FR-like structure just
preceding Dst event. Shock 20, 10:49 (intermediate shock) but no obvious
ICME. Very HSS ff. Bs sharp decline from Bn field (at SB?) to Bs but a
lot of fluctuations. Strange structure. An initial Dst dip before this
feature. CH centered about Nov. 18.

63 30 May 2003 2 CMEs \[DW: 2 FH CMEs, X flares: 27, 23:26; 28, 00:26.\]
SMEI CME 28, 16:54 (arc at Earth; Jackson 3D reconstruction; Tappin et
al., 03); 2 shocks: 29, 11:52 (sm) & 18:31 (big). \[DW: Bs mainly in
ejecta bet. the 2 shocks. Strong B but north after 2^nd^ shock. \]

64 18 June 2003 2 CMEs? ICME complex DB, mult. arcades on June 14,
02:00, PH; EL big "FH" CME on June 15, 23:54. (SMEI CME 14, 10:36 maybe
assoc.) ICME on 17, 12:00 prob. due to June14 event. Bs at rear of ICME;
sm. shock 17, 04:42 (and 2 unrelated shocks on June 18); compression in
sheath; 4 hr. too short for MC. HSS later could be compressing.

65 12 July 2003 SB/CIR preceded by MC SB/HSS is where Bs field for some
time before dip. Minor storm. He enh. before SB. No shock. MC later part
of 10^th^ maybe up to SB. 2-part Dst storm, first due to MC. CH still to
east on 10^th^. No CMEs noted but 1 or 2 SMEI CMEs July 10, 05-06:00.

66 16 July 2003 C2, C+M

67 18 Aug 2003 C1?, U? (Wind in tail) SMEI CME 17, 05:04. Shock 17,
13:41.

\*68(J) 30 Oct. 2003; 01 Single Sun centered AR486, FH CME Oct. 28,
11:30; X17 flare, EIT/TRACE arcade, big SEP. SMEI CME 28, 13:04 (Jackson
3D reconstruction). Clear shock and Bs in sheath cause first Dst dip,
then ICME/MC? Bs causes big 2^nd^ dip. If MC then N-S so Bs in last
half. (Wind in tail)

\*69(J) 30 Oct. 2003; 23 Single AR486 again but arcade oriented
differently; FH CME Oct. 29, 20:57, X10 flare, SEP. SSC at 30, 16:20;
ICME clear but Bs in sheath before; ICME/MC? mostly Bn. (Wind in tail)

\*70(J) 20 Nov. 2003 Single Fast, FH CME Nov. 18, 08:50. SMEI CME 19,
05:48. Shock 20, 08:35. ICME clear strong MC, 12 hr. low beta. Bs in
ejecta; 2^nd^ largest storm this cycle. Dens. also high. (Wind in tail)

71 22 Jan 2004 \[DW: FH CME SP (mult?) 20, 00:06.\] SMEI CMEs Jan 21,
03:49 & 22, 04:14. (Wind in tail)

72 11 Feb 2004 CIR with poss. MC SB and HSS a day later; CH on Feb
8-11^th^. No LASCO CME? SMEI CME 10, 20:55. Bs during mag. structure;
poss. cloud? No shock. (Wind in tail)

73 4 Apr 2004 \[DW: FH CME (mult?) 31, \<21:53\] SMEI CMEs Mar 31-Apr 3.

74 23 July 2004 \[DW: FH CME loops over NP: 20, 13:31, M9 flare\] SMEI
CME July 20, 21:29 & 21, 16:02 (matches LASCO CME structure). Shock 22,
09:45.

75 25 July 2004 SMEI CME same as above? Shock July 24, 05:32.

\*76(J) 27 July 2004 Single July 25, 14:54 FH CME, N08W33. Big shock 26,
22:25; sm. Bs in sheath for 1^st^ Dst dip then big dip at rear of
ejecta, N-S MC. ICME ahead of shock, sheath fields very smooth
(compressed ICME material).

77 30 Aug 2004 \[DW: PH (119) CME 26, 12:30 SW; DB\] Shock Aug 29,
09:09.

\*78 8 Nov 2004 Single? \[DW: Cpx. Halo CME, M9 flare, 6, 01:31\] SMEI
CME Nov 7, 01:41 (arc at Earth). Shock Nov 7, 17:59.

\*79 10 Nov 2004 Single? \[DW: FH CME. X2 flare, 7, 17:06\] SMEI CME Nov
8, 16:00. \[DW: Shock 9, 09:25; 1^st^ Dst dip due to Bs in sheath. Then
2^nd^ dip due to Bs in ICME. (Later unrelated ?shock 9, 18:25)\]

Key:

Col. 1: \* = superstorms; (J) = Joint WG 1+2 or 1+4 storms

Col. 3: WG1 identification category: CIR=corotating interaction region,

Col. 4: Comments: FH=full halo CME, PH=partial halo CME, MC=magnetic
cloud, MCL=mag. cloud like, FR=MC fit by a flux rope model, CH=coronal
hole, IP=interplanetary, Bs(n)=southward IP mag. field,
ICME=interplanetary CME, SEP=solar energeic particle event, AR=active
region, DB=filament disappearance on disk, N-S=rotation of MC field from
southward to northward, XR=X-ray, HSS=high speed stream,
CSE=counterstreaming electrons, SB=sector boundary crossing.