**REQUEST FOR APPLICATION NUMBER: RFA623-A-06-030**

**ISSUANCE DATE: JULY 7, 2006**

**DEADLINE FOR RECEIPT OF QUESTIONS: WEDNESDAY, JULY 19, 2006, 3.00PM
NAIROBI, KENYA TIME**

**CLOSING DATE AND TIME: THURSDAY, AUGUST 17, 2006, 3.00 PM NAIROBI
TIME**

> **[SUBJECT:]{.underline} AIDS, POPULATION AND HEALTH INTEGRATED**
>
> **ASSISTANCE PROGRAM II -- HEALTH COMMUNICATIONS AND MARKETING (APHIA
> II - HCM)**

Dear Prospective Applicant:

The United States Government, represented by the U.S. Agency for
International Development, (USAID) intends to enter into one cooperative
agreement for the implementation of the APHIA II- Health Communications
and Marketing program, as more specifically described in Section I,
entitled Program Description. To this end, USAID is seeking applications
from qualified U.S. and non-U.S. organizations and institutions, in the
form of partnerships or consortia that include Kenyan organizations,
interested in providing the services described in this solicitation.
This is full and open competition, under which any type of
organizations, large or small commercial (for profit) firms,
faith-based, and non-profit organizations in partnerships or consortia,
from geographic code 935, are eligible to compete. In accordance with
the Federal Grants and Cooperative Agreement Act, USAID encourages
competition in order to identify and fund the best possible applications
to achieve program objectives.

USAID plans to award one, five-year cooperative agreement. Subject to
the availability of funds, the total costs of the agreement is estimated
at \$ 40 million.

Since the award will be a cooperative agreement based on the successful
application, this RFA does not specify a level-of-effort (LOE). The
applicant is to propose the LOE and staffing according to the
applicant's strategy for achieving the objectives specified in the RFA. 
The applicant is also to propose key personnel positions and
candidates.  The key positions are described in Section IV. However,
applicants may propose alternative positions as key positions other than
the ones specified, with adequate justification.

Pursuant to 22 CFR 226.81, it is USAID policy not to award profit under
assistance instruments. However, all reasonable, allocable, and
allowable expenses, both direct and indirect, which are related to the
grant program and are in accordance with applicable cost standards (22
CFR 226, OMB Circular A-122 for non-profit organization, OMB Circular
A-21 for universities, and the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Part
31 for-profit organizations), may be paid under the grant.

For the purposes of this RFA, the term \"Grant\" is synonymous with
\"Cooperative Agreement\"; \"Grantee\" is synonymous with \"Recipient\";
and \"Grant Officer\" is synonymous with \"Agreement Officer\".

This solicitation requires a 10% cost share. Although there are
organizations that could do more and may propose higher cost share,
USAID does not want to preclude smaller organizations from being
proposed on this agreement. Cost share is expected across the agreement
and local organization(s) is/ are in full partnership with the award
recipient in contributing cost share. Cost share is expected to help
cost-effective programming on the part of the consortia, ensure
sustainability of local partners, and help ensure that the consortia,
including the local partner, have additional capacity to mobilize
resources.

When awarding cooperative agreements under this RFA, USAID must make a
determination that recipients comply with all applicable federal and
USAID regulations and policies. In particular, there are several
requirements applicable to specific aspects of the program to be funded
under these awards. All partners that will be engaged in HIV/AIDS
activities will be required to sign cooperative agreements that include
Standard Provisions that implement requirements of the United States
Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Act Of 2003. In
addition, all partners that will be engaged in HIV/AIDS activities will
be required to certify, before award of funds for HIV/AIDS activities,
that they are in compliance with these Standard Provisions. A full
description of these requirements and the Standard Provisions is set
forth in USAID's Acquisition and Assistance Policy Directive 05-04. All
partners that will be receiving assistance for family planning
activities will be required to sign cooperative agreements that include
the Standard Provisions entitled "Voluntary Population Planning." This
Standard Provision includes the clauses that implement the Mexico City
Policy. A full description of this Standard Provision (excluding the
Mexico City Policy requirements) is set forth in Contract Information
Bulletin 99-6, and a full description of the Mexico City Policy
requirements is set forth in Contract Information Bulletin 01-08. Any
partner receiving funds for both HIV/AIDS activities and family planning
activities will be required to comply with the requirements applicable
to each activity. Any partner receiving funds for only HIV/AIDS
activities or only family planning activities will only be required to
comply with the requirements applicable to the activities for which such
partner receives funds.

If you decide to submit an application to be considered for award, it
must be received by the closing date and time indicated at the top of
this cover letter at the place designated below for receipt of
applications. Applications and modifications thereof shall be submitted
in envelopes with the name and address of the applicant and RFA \#
(referenced above) inscribed thereon, to:

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **(By U.S. Mail)**                | **(By International Postal        |
|                                   | Address)**                        |
| Michael Rossman & Patrick Muthee  |                                   |
|                                   | Michael Rossman & Patrick Muthee  |
| USAID/East Africa/RAAO            |                                   |
|                                   | USAID/East Africa/RAAO            |
| Unit 64102                        |                                   |
|                                   | P. O. Box 629, Village Market     |
| APO AE 09831-4102                 |                                   |
|                                   | 00621 Nairobi, Kenya              |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **(By Courier)**                  |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| Michael Rossman & Patrick Muthee  |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| USAID/EAST AFRICA/RAAO            |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| ICIPE Complex, Kasarani Road      |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| Opposite Kasarani Police Station  |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| Nairobi, Kenya                    |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

Nairobi, Kenya

The technical and cost applications should be submitted in separate
volumes, in an original plus **five (5) copies technical and (2) copies
cost** clearly marked and indicate which geographic region they are
applying for under the RFA. Applications received after the deadline
cannot be considered.

[Note:]{.underline} Delivery to the post office or air courier
representative does not constitute meeting the statutory requirement
that proposals are received timely at the designated office. For
purposes of recording the official receipt of applications, the
date/time stamp of the procurement office at USAID/Kenya will govern.
Applicants should retain for their records copies of any and all
enclosures which accompany their applications.

Any questions about this RFA must be made in writing to Michael Rossman,
preferably via email at <mrossman@usaid.gov> and Patrick Muthee at
pmuthee@usaid.gov or via facsimile (254)-20-862-2674 and must reference
the subject RFA number. For all inquiries, please provide a contact
person's name, phone number and email address. To allow adequate
response time, questions must be received by Wednesday, July 19, 2006,
3.00pm Nairobi, Kenya time. Questions received after that date will be
answered as quickly as possible, but responses may not be issued until
after the RFA closes. If USAID determines that the answer to any
question(s) is of sufficient importance to warrant notification to all
prospective recipients, the RFA will be amended to provide such
questions and answer(s). If USAID determines that any question(s) does
not warrant an amendment to the RFA, USAID will respond by email to the
inquirer.

Issuance of this RFA does not constitute an award commitment on the part
of the Government, nor does it commit the Government to pay for costs
incurred in the preparation and submission of an application. In
addition, final award of any resultant grant(s) cannot be made until
funds have been fully appropriated, allocated, and committed through
internal USAID procedures. While it is anticipated that these procedures
will be successfully completed, potential applicants are hereby notified
of these requirements and conditions for award. Applications are
submitted at the risk of the applicant; should circumstances prevent
award of a cooperative agreement, all preparation and submission costs
are at the applicant\'s expense.

The preferred method of distribution of USAID procurement information is
via Grant.gov on the World Wide Web (www). The address is
http://www.grants.gov. Select \"Applicant\", then click on \"USAID
Offices\", and select the appropriate location and search for the RFA.
If you have difficulty with accessing the RFA, please contact Ms.
Sebrina Robinson at 202-712-0595 for technical assistance. Receipt of
this RFA through Grants.gov must be confirmed by written notification to
the contact person noted below. It is the responsibility of the
recipient of the application document to ensure that it has been
received from Grants.gov in its entirety and USAID bears no
responsibility for data errors resulting from transmission or conversion
processes.

In the event of an inconsistency between the documents comprising this
RFA, it shall be resolved by the following descending order of
precedence:

\(a\) Section V - Selection Criteria;

\(b\) Section IV - Grant Application Format;

\(c\) This Cover Letter;

\(d\) The Program Description.

If there are problems in downloading the RFA off the Internet, please
contact the USAID Internet Coordinator at (202) 712-4442.

> Sincerely,
>
> Michael Rossman
>
> Regional Agreement Officer
>
> USAID/East Africa

**LIST OF ATTACHMENTS** Attachment 1 --Mandatory Standard Provisions

Website

Attachment 2 -- SF 424 Application for Federal

Assistance Website

Attachment 3 -- List of Acronyms

**SECTION I -- PROGRAM DESCRIPTION**

## INTRODUCTION 

The United States Agency for International Development Mission to Kenya
(USAID/Kenya) issues this Request for Applications (RFA) for the APHIA
II -- Health Communications and Marketing Project (APHIA II -- HCM).
Subject to availability of funds per annum, USAID intends to make an
award for approximately \$40 million to be allocated over a three-year
period, with an option for extension for two additional years. Extension
will depend on program performance, availability of funds, and
USAID/Kenya goals and priorities. The bulk of funding for this
integrated program will be allocated for HIV/AIDS-related programming
(75 percent), with the remaining funds earmarked for malaria initiatives
and child survival and health (CSH) activities (15 percent), and a
smaller proportion for reproductive health (RH) and family planning (FP)
initiatives (10 percent). As this is an integrated program, it will be
important that the expenditure of funds from the at least three
different appropriations be carried out in line with the policies and
guidelines applicable to each appropriation and be audit proof. USAID
reserves the right to fund any or none of the applications submitted.
USAID will be substantially involved in the implementation and
performance monitoring of this award.

This award will support the achievement of USAID/Kenya's Strategic
Objective 3 (SO3): Reduce fertility and the risk of HIV/AIDS
transmission through sustainable, integrated FP and health services. SO3
focuses on improving the enabling environment for the provision of
health services; increasing the use of proven, effective interventions
to decrease the risk of transmission and mitigate the impact of
HIV/AIDS; and increasing customer use of FP, RH, and CS services. Kenya
is one of 15 countries that receive funding under the President's
Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (Emergency Plan). As such, this award
also will contribute to the attainment of Kenya's 2008 Emergency Plan
goals for averting new HIV infections, providing care and support to
orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) and people living with HIV/AIDS
(PLWA), and providing those Kenyans who need it with antiretroviral
therapy (ART). These United States Government (USG) objectives and goals
support and strengthen the Government of Kenya (GOK)'s health sector
strategies and goals for the country.

The purpose of this award is to improve health outcomes through
increased prevention and adoption of healthy behaviors. This will be
done through marketing and communications activities within the health
sector that will also build the sustainability of local organizations to
do this work. Implementation and management will be done in partnership
with Kenyan commercial and non-governmental entities in order to build
their organizational and technical capacity, and so that they may be
sustainable after the term of this agreement. Social marketing and
communications initiatives will be in line with Government of Kenya
policies and regulations, and will support and complement health service
delivery broadly in the public, private, and faith-based sectors. The
project implementation should ensure adequate coverage and consistency
of product marketing and distribution, service promotion, and
information dissemination across public and private sectors. This
activity has both a national component and a community-level component
in targeted areas or with targeted populations. National priorities are
set by the Government of Kenya. Community priorities should be set by
consultation with a variety of stakeholders, relative to the initiative.

The objectives of the AIDS, Population, and Health Integrated Assistance
Program II -- Health Communications and Marketing (APHIA II -- HCM, or
"HCM") are to:

1\) Improve the preventive behaviors of Kenyans related to HIV/AIDS, in
particular increasing the percent of men and women aged 15-24 abstaining
from sex, fidelity and partner reduction, the correct and consistent use
of condoms in high risk sexual encounters, and the percent of men and
women going for VCT and receiving their test results (the "ABC"
approach).

2\) Improve the behaviors of Kenyans related to family planning,
maternal and child survival, and family health, in particular, decrease
unmet need for family planning (uptake of voluntary family planning),
and achieve better birth spacing, better prevention and treatment of
childhood illnesses. These interventions include use of "safe water" in
the home, use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs), better breastfeeding
practices, full immunization, and prompt recognition and treatment of
childhood illnesses, including oral rehydration solution (ORS) use at
home, and use of cleaner indoor stoves).

3\) Improve service utilization rates for voluntary counseling and
testing (VCT), prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of
HIV, reproductive health/family planning services (RH/FP), and child
survival (CS) services, including the percent of pregnant women who
access PMTCT services including VCT; the number of Kenyans who use VCT
services and receive their test results; the number of clients who
receive RH/FP services; the average number of antenatal care visits and
percentage of deliveries assisted by a trained provider; and the
prevention and treatment of childhood illnesses.

4\) Build the capacity of local institution(s) (Kenya's commercial,
non-governmental, and/or faith-based sectors) by working in
collaboration with them to:

> a\) develop and manage a **cost-effective marketing, sales, and
> distribution network** that improves availability and access by key
> populations to products related to HIV/AIDS, RH/FP and CS;
>
> b\) develop and manage a **communications initiative to increase the
> knowledge and change behavior of Kenyans with respect to HIV/AIDS,
> RH/FP, and CS**, including accurate information to increase demand for
> and use of beneficial products and services and information to
> encourage and sustain healthy behaviors, in line with GOK strategies
> and priorities; and
>
> c\) **develop the management and technical capacity** of these
> organizations to manage and implement social marketing and
> communications programs.

## II. SITUATION ANALYSIS

## Kenya Context 

Kenya, with a population of 32 million people, faces significant health
challenges caused primarily by a rapidly increasing population coupled
with a significant HIV/AIDS epidemic. With a severely depressed economy,
the GOK is struggling to provide even the most basic health services.
This is particularly true in rural, low-income, and marginalized
communities. Successes in Kenya's family planning program have stalled,
resources for child health have steadily declined, child health and
mortality is deteriorating, and maternal health services remain woefully
inadequate. Much of Kenya's poor health is driven by poverty and gender
inequity, illustrated by high rates of violence against women and girls
and the continuation of harmful traditional practices that disadvantage
them. The private and nonprofit sectors are in a position to play an
important role in complementing and augmenting public health services.

**HIV/AIDS.** Kenya has a severe, generalized HIV epidemic. Trends in
adult HIV prevalence indicate a mature epidemic that probably peaked in
the mid- to late-1990s, when it was about 10 percent for adults aged
15-49 years. HIV prevalence is declining (due to both fewer new
infections and to increasing deaths), but is still about 7 percent among
adults aged 15-49 years. There are about 1.4 million Kenyans infected
with HIV, 140,000 adults dying from AIDS every year, and 1.7 million
orphans, many of whom lost parents to AIDS. The principal mode of HIV
transmission in Kenya is heterosexual sex (both discordant couples and
sex outside of marriage), accounting for 75 percent of all HIV
infections. This is followed in importance by perinatal transmission
from the mother to the child during pregnancy, at birth, or through
breastfeeding. Approximately 30 to 40 percent of babies born to HIV
positive mothers in Kenya will themselves be infected with HIV (Nduati,
Ruth et al, *JAMA 2000*). Infection rates are highest among young people
aged 15 to 24 years, the group among which risky sexual behavior (sex
with a non-marital non-cohabiting partner) is highest, with 30 percent
of young women and 84 percent of young men engaging in high risk sex
(2003 KDHS).

Despite numerous advances in HIV prevention, care and treatment, Kenya
still has a long way to go to change risky attitudes and behaviors that
contribute to HIV transmission and in dispelling myths and
misconceptions about the disease. According to the 2003 Kenya
Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS), among those who have high-risk
sex, only 25 percent of young women and 47 percent of young men reported
using a condom at last high risk sex. While knowledge about HIV/AIDS is
almost universal, fewer Kenyans have accurate knowledge about HIV
prevention (only 61 percent of women and 72 percent of men know that the
risk of getting HIV can be reduced by using condoms), misconceptions
about transmission and prevention remain common (38 percent of women and
27 percent of men still think that AIDS can be transmitted through a
mosquito bite), self risk perception is relatively low (about one third
of women and men say they have no risk of getting AIDS with almost 52
percent of women and 43.5 of men aged 15-19 years perceiving themselves
at no risk of contracting AIDS), and stigma is evident (only 57 percent
of women and 60 percent of men believe that an HIV positive female
teacher should be allowed to continue teaching).

**Reproductive Health/Family Planning.** Kenya's population increased
from 5.4 million in 1948 (Republic of Kenya, 1989) to the current
estimate of over 32 million. At its peak in 1988, Kenya's population was
growing at an annual rate of 4.2 percent (PRB, 1988), one of the highest
rates ever recorded. Between 1983 and 1998, the modern contraceptive
prevalence rate (CPR) among married women more than tripled from 10 to
32 percent, one of the most rapid, sustained increases in the world. Due
principally to this increase in use of contraception, the total
fertility rate (TFR) fell dramatically, from an estimated 8.1 to 4.7
children per woman between 1976 and 1998. The 2003 KDHS survey shows
that fertility has plateaued over the past five years, the first
reversal in this country's successful FP program. Currently, Kenyan
women have an average of 4.9 children. This slight increase in TFR is
linked with a slowing in the upward trend of CPR increase; the 2003 KDHS
showed only a slight increase in contraceptive use to 41 percent of
married women (just under a third use a modern method, most often
injectables (14 percent) and pills (8 percent)). Kenya has a
predominantly young population (42 percent is under the age of 15), now
entering their reproductive years. Contraceptive use thus is not keeping
pace with the growing size of the reproductive age population.
Furthermore, the 2003 KDHS reported that almost a quarter of Kenyan
women still have an unmet need for FP services (unchanged since 1998)
and over 45 percent of recent births were unwanted or mistimed.

**Malaria.** Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and
mortality in Kenya, accounting for 30 percent of all outpatients and 15
percent of reported deaths annually. In Kenya, 26,000 children under the
age of 5 die annually of malaria and a further 145,000 develop severe
medical complications. According to the 2003 KDHS, in the 2 weeks before
the survey, 42 percent of children under age 5 had fever and/or
convulsions. Of these 27 percent took an antimalarial drug, but only 6
percent took first line SP on the same or next day. However with
increased resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in Kenya
Artemisinin-based combination therapies are now the recommended first
line drug for treatment of malaria. Malaria infection during pregnancy
accounts for up to 10,000 malaria anemia-related deaths per year and 30
percent of preventable low birth weight. Of significant note is the fact
that HIV/AIDS increases the severity of malaria especially during
pregnancy. The GOK policy calls for all pregnant women to receive 2
doses of SP as intermittent presumptive treatment (IPT), yet only 21
percent of pregnant women took any antimalarial drug at all and only 4
percent received IPT. Use of insecticide treated bednets (ITNs),
recommended for adults and children, has been documented to reduce child
mortality by 33 percent and life threatening malaria morbidity by up to
40 percent. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of ITN use, the 2003
KDHS showed that only 22 percent of households had at least one mosquito
net, but only 6 percent had an ITN, far below the Government target of
60 percent net use. Although malaria is more common in rural areas,
households in urban areas are much more likely to have a mosquito net or
ITN (38 percent versus 17 percent in rural areas).

**Child Survival.** The 2003 KDHS and other recent surveys indicate a
continued worsening of child mortality rates (a trend which started in
the 1990s), following decades of steady progress. Between 1989 and 1998,
under-five mortality rates increased by 25 percent. The 2003 KDHS showed
an infant mortality rate of 77 deaths per 1,000 live births (compared
with 73 in 1998) and an under-five mortality rate of 115 deaths per
1,000 live births (compared with 110 in 1998). These increases are
thought to be due to the expanding HIV/AIDS epidemic combined with
continued prevalence of malaria and other childhood diseases, as well as
decreasing childhood immunization rates (vaccination coverage has
declined from 65 to 60 percent since 1998). Malnutrition also continues
to be a large problem amongst children affecting their health and
development. The 2003 DHS reported stunting in 30 percent of children
and wasting amongst 6 percent. Only 29 percent of infants are
exclusively breast fed and 62 percent consume foods rich in Vitamin A.

**Safe Motherhood and Maternal Health.** Kenyan women face an
unacceptably high lifetime risk of maternal death. This is caused
largely by postpartum hemorrhage, obstructed labor, ruptured uterus,
pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, sepsis and complications of unsafe
abortion. For those who survive, severe complications and resulting
disability, such as infertility and fistulae, may occur. Despite recent
modest improvements, maternal mortality in Kenya remains high; the 2003
KDHS showed a maternal mortality rate (MMR) of 414 per 100,000 live
births, down from 590 in 1998. Other related factors, such as antenatal
care coverage and medical assistance at delivery have not improved. Ten
percent of Kenyan women receive no antenatal care at all, a slight
decline in coverage since 1998. Only 11 percent of women had the
recommended antenatal care visit within the first three months of their
pregnancy, 52 percent had received the recommended doses of tetanus
toxoid, only 3 percent took iron tablets for the recommended duration
during pregnancy, and only one in five took any antimalarial medication
during pregnancy. Almost 60 percent of Kenyan births occur at home. Of
all pregnant women, 42 percent are assisted during childbirth by a
skilled attendant. The majority (81 percent) of those who delivered at
home did not have a postnatal checkup. In addition to the direct causes
of maternal deaths are the indirect causes such as anemia, HIV/AIDS,
tuberculosis and malaria. Increase in resistance to tuberculosis (a
common co-infection with HIV) is a growing concern.

**Gender Issues.** The 2003 KDHS provides strong evidence for gender
inequity in Kenya. Almost half (49 percent) of Kenyan women reported
ever experiencing violence, and one in four had experienced violence in
the past 12 months. Experiences of violence are similar for urban and
rural women, and across wealth and educational levels. Women who report
having experienced violence most commonly name husbands, teachers, and
mothers as perpetrators of the violence. Among married women and
divorced or separated women, about one in four has experienced emotional
violence by their current or most recent husband; 40 percent have
experienced physical violence, and 16 percent have experienced sexual
violence.

Female genital cutting (FGC) is widely practiced in many Kenyan
communities and is just one of many cultural practices that disadvantage
women (others include wife inheritance, early marriage, and polygamy).
Despite the GOK outlawing FGC in 1983, and decades of efforts to reduce
it, gains have been modest and the practice of FGC remains prevalent in
Kenya. The 2003 KDHS found that 32 percent of Kenyan women are
circumcised, down from 38 percent in 1998. Female genital cutting varies
widely by residence, province, and ethnicity. Circumcision is more
common in rural areas (36 percent) than urban areas (21 percent) and in
North Eastern Province, where 99 percent of women are circumcised.

**The Private Sector (Commercial, Non-Governmental and Faith-Based
Organizations**). Kenya's dynamic private sector is one of the most
developed and fastest growing in sub-Saharan Africa. The formal
commercial sector, comprised of multinational and large domestic firms,
employs highly skilled labor and utilizes advanced technologies. The
informal commercial sector, which ranges from independent street vendors
to medium-size enterprises, is a particularly vibrant and significant
segment of the economy. The number of non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) in Kenya has grown exponentially from approximately 120 NGOs in
Kenya in the 1970s, to over 2,500 government-registered NGOs today. In
total, there are an estimated 150,000 voluntary nonprofit (including
informal organizations, women's groups, trade unions, and others)
organizations.

The private commercial and nonprofit sectors play a central role in the
provision of health care in the country. According to the 2001-2002
Kenya National Health Accounts study, the GOK, through the Ministry of
Health (MOH), manages about 52 percent of a total of about 4,500 health
facilities in the country, while the other 48% are private. Religious
missions and NGOs, which often are located in rural and underserved
areas, are important sources for smaller health facilities, providing
94% of health clinics, maternity and nursing homes and 86% of medical
centers. In outpatient care, the private sector manages about 21% of the
health centers, 8% of the sub-health centers, and, and 40% of the
dispensaries. According to the 2003 KDHS, private hospitals and clinics
currently provide contraceptives to 41% of users while public sources
such as government hospitals and health centers provide methods to half
(53 percent) of current users. Other private sources such as shops and
friends supply the majority of male condom users (56 percent). Regarding
HIV/AIDS, the MOH is the major purchaser (56 percent) and provider (38
percent) of HIV/AIDS services. A number of private sector providers,
including faith-based health care facilities and a limited but growing
number of workplace sites offer high quality HIV services, however,
especially with regard to the private-for-profit sector, significant
work is needed to bring practice standards in line with GOK policies and
guidelines.

## USAID Experience

The United States is the leading bilateral donor to Kenya\'s population
and health sector. USAID has provided essential support to Kenya's
health sector for more than 30 years under a series of bilateral
projects and, together with its partners, has made significant progress
in the areas of fertility, HIV/AIDS, and health sector reform.
USAID/Kenya's current strategy includes providing major support for
HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment services; refocusing and
reinvigorating efforts to address Kenya's high unmet demand for
contraception; addressing the need for better antenatal care, maternal
health and CS services; and assisting the Government in health sector
reform, through support to both the public and private sectors.

**HIV/AIDS.** USAID's HIV/AIDS prevention programs have contributed to
improvements in knowledge and attitudes regarding sexual and RH and
HIV/AIDS and declines in risky sexual behavior. Almost all Kenyans
adults (99 percent) have heard of AIDS, and nearly 89 percent know at
least one way of avoiding infection. Eighty-one and 89 percent of women
and men respectively know that the chance of contracting AIDS can be
reduced by limiting sex to one faithful partner. Among men, 72 percent
know that condoms can be used to avoid AIDS, up from 36 percent in 1993
(the figures are lower for women with 61 percent knowing that condoms
can reduce the risk of contracting HIV). Results from the 2003 KDHS
indicate that risky sexual behavior has declined in the last five years.
For instance, commercial sex appears to be declining in Kenya; only 3
percent of men report having paid for sex in the last 12 months versus 7
percent in 1998. Age at first sexual intercourse also has risen from
16.7 in 1998 to 17.8 in 2003. Other findings suggest that messages about
abstinence and faithfulness have been internalized by Kenyans; according
to the 2003 KDHS, 37 percent of women and 33 percent of men aged 15 to
24 report never having sex, and among sexually active Kenyans aged 15 to
49 only 2 percent of women and 11 percent of men report more than one
partner in the last 12 months.

To date, USAID/Kenya and other USG partners have made impressive
progress in rapidly scaling up HIV/AIDS services under the President's
Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. USAID began supporting PMTCT projects in
Kenya in early 2000, and since then, these services have been introduced
in many parts of Kenya; in FY 2004, over 330,000 women received direct
and indirect USG supported PMTCT services. Since 2000, USG agencies have
collaborated to promote VCT, resulting in an increase in VCT sites from
just three in 2000 to over 350 by mid-2004, and a dramatic increase in
numbers of persons seeking these services, from about 1,000 annually in
2000 to about 350,000 through direct and indirect USG support in 2004
(45 percent of these at USAID-supported sites). Care and treatment
services have expanded rapidly; in FY 2004 over 172,000 people received
care and support (57,000 of those were OVC and 56,000 were PLWA
receiving palliative care), and over 17,500 people with advanced HIV
infection received direct and indirect ART services with USG support.

**Reproductive Health/Family Planning.** Mission-supported RH activities
focus on reducing unintended pregnancy and improving healthy
reproductive behavior. With USAID assistance, fertility in Kenya fell
dramatically over a 20 year period, from 8.1 in the 1980s to 4.7
children per woman in 1995-97. This was coupled with a dramatic increase
in modern contraceptive prevalence among married women, from 10 to 32
percent. This 40 percent decline in fertility helped to ease the
pressures of population growth on Kenya's society, economy, and
environment. Unfortunately, the latest KDHS survey shows that this
decline has leveled off. USAID/Kenya is working with Kenyan and
international partners, and with USAID/Washington, to reverse this trend
by repositioning FP, implementing best practices in RH, and integrating
RH services with HIV/AIDS and CS programs. USAID's RH service delivery
program, AMKENI, has contributed to an increase in contraceptive use and
a switch to more sustainable, cost-effective methods in the geographic
areas it serves (Coast and Western Provinces). Although 80 percent of
the health facilities that AMKENI supports are MOH sites, it also
assists a number of private sector and faith-based mission hospitals.
AMKENI has trained trainers and service providers at all levels, trained
providers in supervisory skills, provided facilities with essential
equipment and supplies , increased demand for service and promoted
healthier behavior through community-level interpersonal communication
(IPC) and national-level mass marketing. These interventions have
resulted in improved quality and use of services. AMKENI has helped
several facilities scale up post-abortion care (including a strong FP
component), and to introduce prevention of mother to child transmission
(PMTCT) and voluntary counseling and HIV testing (VCT) services. At the
national level, USAID has supported the MOH efforts to reintroduce the
IUCD and has been instrumental in assisting the GOK with policy
formulation, developing the National Reproductive Health Strategic Plan
1997-2010 and other key strategy documents. USAID has also supported
efforts to increase political commitment to family planning amongst
parliamentarians in a bid to secure increased GOK resources for
reproductive health.

**Malaria.** USAID/Kenya has made major strides in supporting the MOH to
define and forecast the nation's antimalarial drug requirements, helping
delineate the antimalarial supply chain for public sector facilities and
mission hospitals, developing a transitional implementation plan for the
new drug policy, and working to integrate and scale up malaria in
pregnancy activities into antenatal care and PMTCT. The Mission is also
supporting the development of a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation
system for the national malaria program. In addition USAID, in
collaboration with DfID, expanded its distribution and marketing program
for insecticide treated nets and net retreatment tablets. In FY 2005
alone, the program sold over 3.5 million nets and 1.1 million
retreatment kits were sold or given by manufacturers, preventing an
estimated 11 million malaria episodes and about 52,000 child deaths.

**Health Sector Reforms/Capacity Building.** USAID is working with the
MOH on national health sector reform including improving health sector
financing. USAID has provided health financing assistance since the
1990s. Activities include the introduction of a Financial Information
System (FIS), training on cost-sharing introduced in the Kenya Medical
Training College (KMTC) and ensuring the effective monitoring and
supervision of cost-sharing by the Division of Health Care Finance in
the MOH. The result has been the growth of cost sharing revenues from
less than KShs 100 million in the 1990s to KShs 1.1 billion for the
financial year 2004/2005. This initiative has been critical to the
sustainability and quality of public health services. In addition this
initiative also supported the move to autonomy of two major hospitals:
Kenyatta National Hospital and Coast Provincial General Hospital.

The Mission has also been instrumental in encouraging the Ministry of
Health to use data for strategic planning and to inform programs and has
supported several surveys in the country including the Kenya Demographic
Health Survey (KDHS), the National Health Accounts (NHA), and the Kenya
Service Provision Assessment (KSPA). USAID/Kenya is helping to
strengthen the Kenya Medical Supplies Agency (KEMSA) by improving its
management system and building its capacity to become a fully autonomous
parastatal that procures, warehouses and distributes public sector
health commodities. USAID/Kenya is also working with the Ministry to
meet its short-term human resource needs and working on a long term
strategic plan for human resources in the health sector.

## United States and Government of Kenya Goals and Priorities

## HCM is fully consistent with US strategies and targets, which support and strengthen GOK priorities and goals. These form the framework within which all activities in country should be designed and implemented. The HCM partner will be required to proactively collaborate with the Government of Kenya (GOK) relative to regulations, with civil society as it relates to demand and knowledge, with the private sector and its capacities, and with other development partners with the goal of ensuring consistency and coverage towards achieving Kenya's goals. This SOW is in line with the following strategies and policies:

## 1. USAID Strategic Plan for Africa 

USAID released in March, 2006, a Strategic Plan for Africa for the next
5 years, in line with US State Department foreign policy objectives for
Africa (Annex A). The program described here supports the
transformational development goal to foster a healthier, better
educated, and more productive population, and each of the four specific
objectives under this goal: reduce transmission and impact of HIV/AIDS
and TB, reduce child mortality (including malaria), reduce maternal and
newborn mortality, and improve reproductive health.

**2. USAID/Kenya's Strategic Objective (SO3):** USAID/Kenya's objective
for health is to "Reduce fertility and the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission
through sustainable, integrated family planning and health services."
This objective is implemented in collaboration with the GOK and other
USG agencies, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC), and Department of Defense (DOD). USAID has many implementing
partners, both international and local, and collaborates with other
bilateral donors including the United Kingdom's Department for
International Development (DfID), the Embassy of Japan/JICA, the
European Union, Denmark (DANIDA) Canada (CIDA), Sweden, Belgium, and
Finland, and with multilateral agencies, such as UNICEF and the World
Bank.

**3. The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)**

Kenya is one of 15 focus countries targeted to receive funding under the
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The Emergency Plan,
initiated in 2003, is an integrated US Government response led by the US
Embassy and managed by USAID, CDC, DOD, and the Peace Corps, The
Emergency Plan has provided USAID and its USG partner agencies an
opportunity to rapidly expand the scope of HIV/AIDS activities in Kenya,
including the provision of ART, while complementing multilateral and GOK
HIV/AIDS plans and priorities.

**4. The Five Year Strategy for PEPFAR for the US Mission to Kenya.**
This document is entitled, *Strong Networks for a Sustained Response*
and is found here as Annex B. It was prepared by the interagency USG
team in October 2004, and lays out the vision and main strategies that
guide all interventions in Kenya funded under The Emergency Plan through
2008. As stated in the title, the USG team has committed to work across
sectors and program areas to build systems that promote sustainability.
In the public sector, the USG is making strategic investments in the
GOK's capacity to plan, secure resources, and implement the treatment,
care and support, and prevention interventions that Kenya's citizens
require. In the private sector, the USG response will capitalize on the
already robust networks of mission health care facilities, support the
formation of networks of employment-based health delivery, and invest in
nascent networks of health maintenance organizations serving both urban
and rural areas. Because Kenya has a large resource base of NGOs,
private sector and faith-based health care facilities, and private
marketing and communications companies, this SOW is broadening the prior
USAID approach to work more intensively through these sectors,
simultaneously building their capacity and the overall sustainability of
social marketing and public health communication in Kenya. These
organizations work at community as well as national levels, and the HCM
partner is expected to do the same, as appropriate to the message and
the local organization with which it partners.

Another strong emphasis of the Five Year Strategy is to put youth first,
to protect them from infection and prolong their productive lives if
they are already infected. Since 50% of all Kenyans are under 18,
focusing on young people will be essential to the long-term success of
the networks referenced above. This approach must be done in a
participative, interactive and non-stigmatizing way if youth are to
truly benefit from Emergency Plan interventions.

Personal knowledge of HIV status is a third main theme identified in the
Five Year Strategy. As the GOK and its partners work to increase access
to ART, one of the major barriers is that so many HIV+ people do not
know their status, or only learn about it when they are ill.

Targets of the Five Year Strategy for Kenya reflect the overall goals of
the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, known as 2-7-10: Two
million HIV+ people receiving ART; seven million HIV infections averted,
and 10 million people affected by AIDS, including orphans and vulnerable
children, receiving appropriate care and support. In Kenya, the target
is to have 250,000 Kenyans on ART by September 30, 2008: 100,000 of whom
will receive USG-purchased ARV drugs, an additional 85,000 of whom will
receive other types of USG support for their ART, and the remainder
being supported by other donor or GOK programs. The target for
infections averted in the same timeframe, both through PMTCT programs
and other prevention efforts, is 425,000. By September 2008, 450,000
orphans and vulnerable children and 250,000 PLWA will be receiving
palliative care. Annex C has more information on PEPFAR targets.

The recipient of this award is expected to contribute substantively to
these goals and to support overall accomplishment of the Five Year
Strategy by augmenting and/or complementing service delivery programs
and communications messages.

**5. Relationship to goals of the Government of Kenya (GOK)**

Overall coordination of Kenyan responses to HIV/AIDS is the
responsibility of the National AIDS Control Council (NACC) in the
Ministry of Special Projects in the Office of the President. This
council, which deals with HIV/AIDS issues in a multi-sectoral context,
is the working group responsible for all matters related to HIV/AIDS.
Its meetings are convened by the Director of the NACC, and the members
include government departments, NGOs, FBOs, the private sector, and
development partners.

The Kenya National AIDS Strategic Plan (KNASP) 2005-2010 provides a
framework and context within which sectoral HIV/AIDS strategies, plans,
and budgets should be formulated, monitored, and coordinated. The KNASP
guides the implementation of all HIV/AIDS interventions to avoid
duplication of efforts and misappropriation of resources. To support the
previous KNASP (2000-2005), various strategies, policies and guidelines
have been developed that guide the implementation of the priority areas
identified in the national strategy:

-   Prevention of new infections.

-   Improvement of quality of life of those infected and affected.

-   Mitigation of socio-economic impact

The KNASP is one of the agreed "Three Ones" principles providing basic
elements for coordination across partnerships and funding mechanisms,
and for the effective functioning of a national AIDS coordinating
authority. Other related strategies and interventions include the
national VCT strategy, national condom strategy, PMTCT strategy,
national blood transfusion policy, national ART strategy, communication
strategy, home-based care (HBC) strategy, OVC guidelines, national food
security policy, and the National OVC Action Plan.

The Government of Kenya is also committed to reproductive health and to
increasing voluntary family planning. USAID assisted in development of
the National Reproductive Health Strategic Plan 1997-2010, the National
Implementation Plan/Kenya Family Planning Program 1995-2000, the
National Reproductive Health Training Plan 2000-2004, the Revised Family
Planning Guidelines 2003 and the Revised National Reproductive Health
Curriculum 2003. The MOH is also establishing quality control measures
for all IEC publications for family planning to ensure national
consistency in all community programs. Perhaps the newly revamped
Division of Health promotion in the MOH could provide useful technical
assistance for this initiative. USAID and its implementing partners have
also provided significant support to the GOK's initiatives to better
integrate FP into HIV/AIDS-related services, such as VCT. National
policies and guidelines already exist, and supervision and training in
this area is being strengthened. Currently USAID is supporting the
development of a National Reproductive Health Policy.

**6. Kenya's National Health Sector Strategic Plan (NHSSP) II**

The National Health Sector Strategic Plan II (NHSSP II) was formulated
to re-invigorate the 1994 Kenyan Health Policy Framework (KHPF). This
strategy is committed to achieve the internationally agreed upon
Millennium Development Goals, the targets set in the Kenya Economic
Recovery Strategy, and the vision of providing accessible, affordable
and quality care for all Kenyans. The Government's priorities for health
sector reform include: decentralizing health care services,
strengthening and expanding the role of NGOs and the private sector,
generating greater financial resources through cost sharing and other
financing schemes towards improving financial viability and providing
cost-effective services, and

assuring a more comprehensive approach to RH services with a focus on
HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

The vision articulated in the NHSSP II is an "efficient and high quality
health care system that is accessible, equitable and affordable for
every Kenyan." The overall goal of this NHSSP is to "reduce health
inequalities and to reverse the downward trend in health related outcome
and impact indicators." This is translated into several objectives that
are linked to the ERS and the MDGs. These objectives are:

-   Increase access to services

-   Improve service quality and responsiveness

-   Improve efficiency and effectiveness of services

-   Enhance the regulatory capacity of the Ministry of Health

-   Foster Partnerships

-   Improve health sector financing

Key intervention areas in service delivery through the Kenya Essential
Package for Health (KEPH), in support systems, and in health reforms and
a sector-wide approach (SWAp) will provide the operational dimensions of
these policy objectives. Several key service indicators for the success
of NHSSP II are:

> [By 2010:]{.underline}
>
> 60% of pregnant women sleeping under a long-lasting impregnated bed
> net (LLITN).
>
> 80% of pregnant women have four ANC visits
>
> 90% of deliveries are conducted by skilled health staff
>
> 95% of Newborns receiving BCG
>
> 50% of HIV+ pregnant women receiving Nevirapine.
>
> 60% of children sleeping under LLITN
>
> 100% of children fully immunized at 1 year of age.

## Current Health Communications and Marketing Initiatives

USAID has supported a series of communications and social marketing
initiatives in Kenya since 1990, including bilateral cooperative
agreements, and use of central USAID/W projects.

USAID (in collaboration with PSI and other implementing agencies, other
donors and the GOK), successfully developed a strong national social
marketing network for the promotion, distribution, and sale of condoms,
oral and injectable contraceptives, ITNs and net retreatment tablets,
and point of use water treatment. More recently, USAID broadened its
efforts towards generic behavior change and service-related
communication, as well as some limited interpersonal communication
initiatives. This social marketing program plays a critical and
significant role in Kenya's health sector. For example, the USAID- and
DfID-supported socially marketed condoms enjoy greater popularity and
brand recognition than any other condom available in Kenya. The GOK and
other development partners in Kenya recognize and value the role of the
private sector in complementing public and commercial sector services,
as well as the comparative benefit social marketing and other
interventions provide in developing mass media BCC, and product-related,
or service focused messages that have a broad reach throughout the
country. The program is, however, perceived to be on the periphery of
the national strategy. One of the challenges HCM will face is ensuring
that the marketing of messages and products supplements and complements
the GOK's strategies and goals for the country. This means more
effective collaboration with GOK and other development partners while
building the capacity and working with the private sector to achieve
results.

Since 2002, DfID has co-funded critical elements of the social marketing
and communications program under separate agreements with USAID's
implementing partner, PSI. DfID's condom social marketing agreement for
\$13.04 million over 5 years (through Dec 2007), covers commodities, and
shared funding to extend condom distribution and provide access in rural
areas. A separate agreement for social marketing of ITNs, which covers
the majority of operations costs (USAID previously covered some of these
costs, but now funds a technical advisor position), is for approximately
\$41 million over 5 years, ending in January 2006. DfID has obligated an
additional \$25-36 million for this initiative through the end of the
project period. Finally, DfID provides oral contraceptives (OCs) and
injectable commodities worth approximately \$1 million as in-kind
contributions. DfID plans to continue supporting this component of the
program through its newly launched Essential Health Services Project,
which extends through 2010, and may increase funding levels to about
\$1.8 million. The HCM recipient will need to stay flexible in order to
manage and accommodate any changes in DfID's priorities and funding
levels.

In addition to social marketing interventions, USAID has a long history
of supporting BCC efforts in Kenya for HIV/AIDS, RH, and CS. Activities
in this areas have included general AIDS education, peer education,
outreach for youth both in and out of school, community mobilization to
change social norms, workplace interventions, and education on and
promotion of condoms, contraceptives, ITNs and other products. As a
result of these multiple interventions, and the efforts of the GOK and
other donors, data from partners and surveys indicates that attitudes
toward sexual and reproductive and other health issues and related
behavior may be changing.

## Social Marketing of Products

When USAID's social marketing program started in 1990, it initially
addressed FP and HIV/AIDS through socially marketing OCs and condoms.
USAID has since diversified its platform to include six branded products
and has expanded its communications portfolio beyond branded and generic
product-related marketing communications to include generic behavior
change communication and service promotion. Most recently, USAID has
implemented targeted Interpersonal Communication (IPC) efforts and
workplace training interventions. Television spots, radio
advertisements, special radio programs, print advertisements,
point-of-purchase materials, billboards, wall paintings, sponsorship of
special events (such as musical concerts, cycling and pool tournaments)
and merchandising of promotional items (e.g., umbrellas, dispensers,
diaries, t-shirts, baseball caps, calendars) are the main vehicles used
for communication and promotion. USAID's implementing partner
trains/details providers to provide accurate information and quality
service, and uses formative research (including knowledge, attitude and
practice (KAP) surveys and focus group discussions to pre-test
materials) in campaign design, and impact studies (such as KAP,
distribution, mystery client, and retail audit surveys) to assess
reception, quality of interaction, acceptability, recall, and message
comprehension. The following sales figures is meant to provide a
historical perspective of the previous socially marketed products/

Sales figures for the existing socially marketed products for calendar
years 2002, 2003, and 2004 follow:

  ----------------- ------------ --------------- --------------- -------------
                    2002         2003            2004            2005

  Male condom       17,450,677   21,418,080 (23% 27,308,842 (28% 25,748,204
                                 increase)       increase)       (5.7%
                                                                 decrease)

  ITN               530,493      643,218 (21%    1,161,501 (81%  3,455,576
                                 increase)       increase)       (198%
                                                                 increase)

  Net retreatment   251,987      562,946 (123%   700,020 (24%    1,145,341
  tablet                         increase)       increase)       (63.6%
                                                                 increase)

  Oral              507,120      1,309,605 (158% 1,642,701 (25%  1,314,240
  contraceptive                  increase)       increase)       (20%
                                                                 decrease)

  Injectable        51,120       73,680 (44%     78,156 (6.1%    326,952
  contraceptive                  increase)       increase) Note: (318.3%
                                                 stocked out in  increase)
                                                 Q4              

  Point-of-use      Nil, product 119,465         520,284 (335.5% 832,106 (60%
  water treatment   launched in                  increase)       increase)
  product           May 2003                                     
  ----------------- ------------ --------------- --------------- -------------

a.  **Socially marketed*,* branded condoms**

Since the launch of a socially marketed condom in 1993, sales of the
product have progressively grown over the years to the point where,
according to the 2003 KDHS, the majority of respondents in both urban
and rural areas (68 and 54 percent respectively) indicate that they
usually use *t*hese condoms above any other brand. During the period FY
2003 to FY 2004 alone, sales increased by almost 35 percent to 27
million pieces. In 1997, USAID re-launched the brand with a new package
and campaign, targeted at sexually active urban and peri-urban youth,
ages 15 to 24. USAID's condom social marketing communications strategy
employs a mix of generic and brand advertising using mass media and IPC.
Advertising campaigns for the social marketing brand focus on
communication between partners, creating an image that appeals to Kenyan
youth, reinforcing abstinence, condom efficacy, and on encouraging users
to be prepared by always carrying a condom. Examples of advertising
campaigns include the *Sema Nami* (Talk to Me) campaign, designed to
address research findings that demonstrated a reluctance to talk about
sex and condoms The social marketing program also did workplace
initiatives in collaboration with Family Health International's (FHI)
Implementing AIDS Prevention and Care (IMPACT) project to distribute
branded condoms in workplaces.

b.  **ITNs and Net Retreatment tablets**

In 2000, USAID introduced socially marketed ITNs packaged together with
retreatment tablets. ITNs are distributed primarily through rural kiosks
to reach those with the greatest need in rural areas. Generic
information campaigns aim to establish a \"net culture,\" increasing
knowledge on malaria\'s causes, transmission, risk groups, and
prevention methods, especially in endemic regions of the country and
among pregnant women and children under five years old. In FY 2005, the
CA sold over 3.5 million nets and 1.1 million retreatment kits. USAID
most recently launched a new ITN, an unbranded, lower-priced, long
lasting net, that will be distributed through rural clinics, and uses
women's groups to disseminate information, and for which a portion of
the proceeds from sales are retained by the clinic.

c.  **Oral and injectable contraceptives**

Socially marketed (SM) OCs and injectables were launched in Kenya in
2000, to supplement government supplies. The SM share of the OC market
has recently increased due to government stock-outs of OCs, which
normally are provided free of charge to qualified health service
providers. USAID's current implementing partner is limited in its
ability to use US government funding to promote the brand and to create
demand, because of GOK restrictions on advertising of "ethical products"
via mass media. They therefore rely on community based distributors,
primarily organized women\'s groups, to carry out house-to-house
distribution and educate fellow women as well as on doctors, pharmacists
and other service providers. The majority of socially marketed OCs are
distributed through pharmacies, with clinics accounting for only 4
percent of sales volume. In CY 2004 USAID sold over 1.6 million socially
marketed pills and over 78,000 injectables.

d.  **Safe water system**

With its own funds, in 2003 USAID's social marketing partner introduced
a chlorine solution used to disinfect water at point of use to reduce
diarrhea episodes. In CY 2004, they sold over 520,000 vials of the
product, supported by branded mass media communications, including
television and radio spots

## Service Communication

USAID and its partner USG agency, the CDC, have supported several
campaigns to promote services provided by both the public and private
sectors.

a.  **VCT**

The USAID-funded IMPACT Project funded a five-month (December 2004-April
2005) mass media campaign with the goal of increasing uptake of national
VCT services in Kenya (provided primarily by GOK comprehensive care
centers). Television and radio spots, print messages, posters, and
billboards were used to convey BCC messages focused on knowledge of
one\'s serostatus and subsequent risk reduction, on creating awareness
of and consumer confidence in VCT services, and on promoting existing
VCT centers. Campaigns targeted youth and established couples aged
18-35. Preliminary data indicate that the campaign was successful in
increasing utilization of services at VCT sites; attendance at
IMPACT-supported VCT sites rose from 2,965 per month before the campaign
to 6,054 per month after the campaign launch. An evaluation of the
overall impact of the campaign was recently done. Four percent of those
not exposed to the campaign received VCT test in the past year with a
partner (couple counseling) compared to 9% of those exposed to 3 or more
channels. Among those who had never tested for HIV 40% not exposed to
the campaign planned to have an HIV test compared to 57% of those
exposed to 3 or more channels.

b.  **PMTCT**

With Emergency Plan funding, USAID funded an eight-month (September 2004
-April 2005) mass media campaign to increase interest in and demand for
PMTCT services. A television, radio, print and billboard campaign
emphasized early knowledge of serostatus among pregnant women and their
partners. Twenty-three percent of the target population was exposed to
1-2 channels within the campaign while 56% were exposed to 2 or more.
95% of those exposed to 2 or more channels of campaign knew that it's
possible to prevent HIV from passing from HIV+ pregnant mother to her
baby compared to 87% exposed to 1 channel and 80% not exposed to the
campaign. 42% of those exposed to the campaign discussed it with someone
and 98% said they would like to see more ads. (2005 PSI Tracking Survey)
Is this survey one of the attachments?

c.  **TB/HIV/AIDS**

With CDC funding, USAID's social marketing partner implemented a
five-month (November 2004-March 2005) mass media education and service
promotion campaign using television and radio spots, print adverts and
billboards. The campaign focused on education, dispelling
misconceptions, reducing stigma (using testimonials), and encouraging
testing and treatment (provided free at government facilities).

## Behavior Change Communication

Generic mass media activities are an integral part of USAID's BCC
program. Generic campaigns are aimed at:

**Malaria.** This campaign focuses on increasing knowledge on malaria\'s
causes, transmission, risk groups, and prevention methods, especially in
the endemic regions of the country and among pregnant women and children
under five years old.

**HIV/AIDS/STIs.** This campaign focuses on increasing accurate
self-risk perception, reducing alcohol-related high-risk behavior,
stigmatizing risky practices such as cross-generation sex (through the
"*Amka Kenya"* campaign ("Wake up, Kenya"), encouraging abstinence and
delayed sexual debut (including the successful "*Chill* " television,
radio, and print campaign), promoting self efficacy, education on condom
efficacy, addressing the false confidence in a "trusted partner," and
reducing stigma.

USAID recently funded a collaborative series of Interpersonal and Peer
Communication (IPC) activities with PSI and the COPHIA project which
included a schools program (addressing cross generational sex, trusted
partner, secondary abstinence, and abstinence); a program to work with
PLWA as advocates of behavior change and to reduce stigma; a community
outreach program that works *via* FBOs, women's groups, and which uses
community theater (to address ITN use, fidelity, condom efficacy, cross
generational sex, and abstinence among other topics); and workplace
programs with Exxon-Mobil, Barclays Bank's, Bamburi Cement, Kenya Power
and Lighting Company, and Mabati Rolling Mills.

USAID has supported other Behavior Change and Communication (BCC)
activities such as those implemented under the IMPACT Project, and the
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH). IMPACT's BCC
strategy in Kenya was integrated into a comprehensive prevention, care
and support program. The BCC strategy used an ABC approach to 1)
increase the adoption and continued use of safer sex practices; 2)
promote visits to clinics treating STIs, and opportunistic infections
including tuberculosis; 3) increase demand for VCT, PMTCT and for OVC
care and support; 4) stimulate dialogue and discussion on risk behavior,
risk settings, and local solutions; and 5) reduce stigma and
discrimination for PLWA.

IMPACT and PATH's programs focused on peer education with target
groups - complemented by community theatre, distribution of comic books,
a weekly radio program, murals, and dissemination of magazines to
reinforce and magnify messages to a broader audience. The broader, mass
media components of the program are the *Kati Yetu* (Between Us) radio
drama and chat show (which follows the exploits of *Nuru*, a maturing,
intelligent girl, and her family) and a series of comic books based on
*Nuru's* life experiences. In addition, with the Kenya Association of
Professional Counselors, IMPACT disseminated the monthly magazine
*Straight Talk* free of charge in schools. The magazine content is
youth-developed and focuses on cultivating positive values and behaviors
to prevent HIV transmission. *Straight Talk* Clubs in schools discuss
the magazine's subject matter.

USAID also funded The AMKENI Project, whose BCC component focused on
promoting preventive and health-seeking behavior, fostering community
agency, and creating a supportive environment for individual and
community change. This program focused on family-centered peer groups
and promotes the greater participation of women in health related
decision making and utilization.

**III. TECHNICAL APPROACH**

HCM is one of several USAID funded programs that will support the
achievement of SO3 as outlined in the Integrated Strategic Plan
2001-2005 (extended to 2008), the USG goals articulated in Kenya's Five
Year Strategy for the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, and
the GOK's health sector strategies and goals for the country. As stated
in the introduction, the primary objectives of HCM are to:

> 1\) Improve the preventive behaviors of Kenyans related to HIV/AIDS,
> in particular increasing the percent of men and women aged 15-24
> abstaining from sex, fidelity and partner reduction, the correct and
> consistent use of condoms in high risk sexual encounters, and the
> percent of men and women going for VCT and receiving their test
> results (the "ABC" approach).
>
> 2\) Improve the behaviors of Kenyans related to family planning,
> maternal and child survival, and family health, in particular,
> decrease unmet need for family planning (uptake of voluntary family
> planning), and achieve better birth spacing, better prevention and
> treatment of childhood illnesses. These interventions include use of
> "safe water" in the home, use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs),
> better breastfeeding practices, full immunization, and prompt
> recognition and treatment of childhood illnesses, including oral
> rehydration solution (ORS) use at home, and use of cleaner indoor
> stoves).
>
> 3\) Improve service utilization rates for voluntary counseling and
> testing (VCT), prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of
> HIV, reproductive health/family planning services (RH/FP), and child
> survival (CS) services, including the percent of pregnant women who
> access PMTCT services including VCT; the number of Kenyans who use VCT
> services and receive their test results; the number of clients who
> receive RH/FP services; the average number of antenatal care visits
> and percentage of deliveries assisted by a trained provider; and the
> prevention and treatment of childhood illnesses.
>
> 4\) Build the capacity of local institution(s) (Kenya's commercial,
> non-governmental, and/or faith-based sectors) by working in
> collaboration with them to:
>
> a\) develop and manage a **cost-effective marketing, sales, and
> distribution network** that improves availability and access by key
> populations to products related to HIV/AIDS, RH/FP and CS;
>
> b\) develop and manage a **communications initiative to increase the
> knowledge and change behavior of Kenyans with respect to HIV/AIDS,
> RH/FP, and CS**, including accurate information to increase demand for
> and use of beneficial products and services and information to
> encourage and sustain healthy behaviors, in line with GOK strategies
> and priorities; and
>
> c\) **develop the management and technical capacity** of these
> organizations to manage and implement social marketing and
> communications programs.

The core elements of HCM are private sector, national scale, marketing
and communications initiatives; Inter personal communications (IPC) and
community-level interventions are also expected to be used in targeted
programs with identified target communities or populations, and where
IPC is not already being done by other partners. Most IPC and community
level activities will be covered under separate USAID-supported
initiatives. While HCM is expected to build on the existing social
marketing and communications program, its management and implementation
will differ from that of the current program in its emphasis on
partnership and capacity building of local partners. Social marketing of
the same types of products is expected to continue, but brand names may
change. The marketing and communications elements done with private
local partners are expected to link to service delivery broadly -
whether it is public, private, non-governmental, or faith-based.

Given the fluidity of the health environment in Kenya (the changing
nature of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, changes in the funding/donor
environment, changes in both Kenyan and international policy and
political support for various health interventions, and alterations in
the programming environment), HCM should be inherently flexible in its
design to respond to changes. This may include scaling up or down
program elements as necessary, and developing new activities if
required. This flexibility will be facilitated, in part, by close and
regular communication with USAID/Kenya and mutual review of workplans
and targets to modify these as necessary.

## Broad Programmatic Priorities and Considerations

Broad programmatic priorities are behavior outcomes among targeted
populations for each component of the campaign (HIV/AIDS, FP/RH, and
MCH). Also a priority is the capacity development of local partners to
do social marketing work. Specific considerations within this work are:

**Targeted Expansion.** HCM is expected to scale up current operations
by expanding coverage, access, and consistent use of HIV/AIDS, RH, and
CS products and services. The focus for expansion should be in rural and
underserved areas and among high risk populations, defined by high
HIV/AIDS incidence or prevalence, high unmet demand for FP products and
services, high child morbidity and mortality, or marginalization or
disenfranchisement of groups. The HCM partner should consider cost
effectiveness and potential health impact in identifying areas and
populations for expansion.

Targeted populations should include: Do you really want the word
"should" rather than "must " in this sentence? Where are the targets?

[Youth.]{.underline} Fifty percent of the 31.5 million Kenyans are under
18 and 72 percent are younger than 29. Young people present an important
window of opportunity for making an impact on the HIV/AIDS pandemic; HIV
prevalence among young people under 20 is less than two percent, but
this has the potential to explode with the majority of new infections
occurring among youth, especially young women aged 15 to 24 years and
young men under 30. Achieving success with this population cohort is
essential to the long-term success of HIV/AIDS programs. HCM will thus
focus on young people as a key target population through both national
and grass-roots level programs. Abstinence will be one of the key
messages. Traditional emphasis on "family" planning as the motivation
for contraceptive use may not resonate well with youth whose sexual
activity may not be in a family setting. Innovative and relevant
approaches will thus be required for this target population.

[Discordant Couples.]{.underline} Many of the people contracting HIV are
married, but do not know their own or their partner's HIV status. It is
estimated that over 450,000 married couples are currently discordant for
HIV, and as condom use is low among this group, they represent the
largest high risk group in Kenya. Testing and disclosure, ideally though
couple VCT, is essential for the success of prevention programs.
Addressing fear and stigma of testing and focusing these efforts on high
risk groups such as discordant couples should be a key component of HCM
communications campaigns.

[Occupational Risk.]{.underline} HCM should address high risk linked to
occupational status for example, employment patterns that separate wives
and husbands, which are prevalent in Kenya, the risks that caregivers
(health care providers and home caregivers) face without adding to the
stigma of HIV patients, and incorporate workplace programs addressing
HIV risk behaviors.

[Women of Reproductive Age:]{.underline} Women aged 15-45 and their
partners, where feasible, should be the target of family planning and
child survival interventions. Greater emphasis must be placed on
reaching married adolescents with information and services.

[Health Care Providers]{.underline}: Observations over the years have
identified health care providers as a barrier to uptake of key HIV/AIDS
interventions including DTC, PMTCT and provision of FP/RH services to at
risk populations. Messages targeting this important link between the
communities and the health care facilities will increase uptake of these
services.

**Program Integration.** HCM interventions should support the
integration of HIV/AIDS, FP/RH, and CS services, including the
integration of FP into VCT and PMTCT services, dual protection for FP
and HIV/AIDS/STIs, and incorporation of prevention with treatment and
care (e.g., linking VCT with treatment options or home-based care). It
should also include a component to encourage "staying negative" for
patients who are tested through an integrated service delivery program.

**Conformity with ABC and other USG Guidance.** All HIV/AIDS activities
implemented under HCM must comply with the guidance issued on
implementing the "ABC" - Abstinence, Be Faithful, and correct and
consistent Condom use - approach to HIV/AIDS prevention (Annex D). The
ABC approach emphasizes abstinence for youth and other unmarried
persons, including delay of sexual debut; mutual faithfulness and
partner reduction for sexually active adults; and correct and consistent
use of condoms by those whose behavior places them at risk for
transmitting or becoming infected with HIV.

**Gender Considerations.** Complex social, cultural, and economic
factors, including women's lack of empowerment, cultural practices that
disadvantage women (such as widow inheritance, female genital cutting
(FGC), polygamy, and early marriages) adversely affect women's health
status and that of their families. Because of gender inequity, women are
subject to high rates of gender-based violence, both physical and sexual
(including rape), the inability to negotiate for safer sex, condom use,
or family planning, and cross-generation and transactional sex. These
factors place women at higher risk of HIV infection and/or unintended
pregnancies. Their ability to seek and use FP and other health services
may also be jeopardized. Gender norms often mean that men make decisions
around use of health services and act as gatekeepers, with the ability
to prevent their partners from seeking services. Men frequently lack
knowledge about FP/RH and the benefits of birth spacing for the mother
and baby. Women may also be suspect of infidelity if they ask their
husband to use a condom. Home based management and community actions
have the greatest impact on child mortality. The ability of caregivers,
primarily women to make prompt decisions about care seeking for their
children is often hampered by the woman's educational level and need for
spousal consent. Further a woman's experience at a health facility will
influence her children's utilization of health services. The KPSP
partner will design innovative strategies and specific activities to
address these issues, specifically to change societal attitudes, norms
and practices that predispose women to violence, place them at risk of
HIV infection, restrict their ability to access FP and other health
services, and make timely decisions to improve child health.

## Product Marketing, Sales & Distribution

USAID, together with DfID, has funded a marketing, sales, and
distribution network for branded, subsidized products in Kenya since
1990. HCM is expected to build on the successes of the current project.
Through its local marketing and sales partners, the HCM partner will
maximize health impact by continuing to market existing or re-branded
products, repositioning these products to address new gaps, adding new
brands, or introducing new unbranded products or variations of existing
products as necessary. HCM will use existing data and information to
better target social marketing interventions, considering age,
sex/gender, marital status, incidence and prevalence of disease,
consumer satisfaction, product sales and distribution disaggregated by
rural and urban locations, among other issues.

Most of the commodities required for the current social marketing
program are procured or paid for by the British Aid Department,
"Department for International Development" (DfID). USAID anticipates the
continuation of its current relationship with DfID, which it considers
essential to ensure the viability of the program. HCM will collaborate
with the Kenya Medical Supply Agency (KEMSA) and the USAID-funded
JSI/Deliver Project (which currently provides technical assistance to
KEMSA) to position socially marketed products among the other public and
private sector products available on the market while defining the
market segment for socially marketed products, forecast commodity needs,
and jointly define role of HCM in meeting the nation's overall needs.

## 1. Maintain Social Marketing of Specific Types of Health Products, While Maximizing Public Health Impact

USAID, together with DfID, funds the marketing, sales, and distribution
of the following subsidized products, currently marketed under brand
names: 1) condoms, 2) oral contraceptives, 3) injectable contraceptives,
4) point of service water purification products, 5) insecticide treated
bednets (ITN), 6) ITN retreatment tablets, and 7) a long lasting treated
bednet. Under the APHIA-HCM, support for these seven products will
continue, either under the current brands or with new branding, in order
to maximize health impact. Products and branding will conform to USG
policies and guidance such as the USG ABC guidance. New products or
brands will be expected to capitalize upon or build upon the success of
the current products so as not to lose market momentum within targeted
communities. Applicants should have a specific plan in their application
as to how they will achieve wide and respected brand and/or product
recognition within the first year of their program. The HCM partner is
expected to reference program sales and health impact data in making
decisions and developing strategies for re-positioning the marketing,
sales, and distribution of the products to achieve maximum public health
impact.

a.  **Male Condoms**

Condom use in Kenya is low; only 1.2 percent of married women report
current use of male condoms. Even among sexually active unmarried women,
only 16 percent report current condom use. However, their use of condoms
doubled since 1998, which suggests that messages about the risks of sex
outside of marriage have influenced the behavior of these women.
Findings suggest a high level of risky behavior in young people; among
young people under 25 who have had sex, only 12 percent of women and 14
percent of men reported using a condom the first time they had sex and
among young women 15-19 who have had sex in the last 12 months, 47
percent did so with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner, and only 23
percent of these used a condom. The focus for male condoms, will
include, but not be limited to, continuing to focus on those populations
who are most at-risk of contracting HIV, including specific target
groups such as high risk youth and discordant couples. In addition, the
project should address the high risks associated with widely prevalent
nature of multiple partner behavior and cross-generational relationships
in Kenyan society.

For sexually active youth aged 15-24, the program will pay special
attention to promotion of correct and consistent condom use as a way to
significantly reduce (but not eliminate) the risk of HIV infection for
those who engage in risky sexual behaviors, focusing on both married and
unmarried youth, and those in rural communities.

A significant portion of HIV transmission occurs in high-risk, social
establishments such as bars and guesthouses. Sales data show that
availability of the socially marketed condom in bars (29.6 percent) and
guesthouses (18.2 percent) is below the relative need and that when
condoms are available in high-risk outlets, they are often not visible
to patrons. Research shows that condoms are typically a stimulus
purchase (i.e., they are frequently bought just before sex). As such, it
is probable that increasing availability and visibility of a trusted
brand in high-risk outlets will result in increased use among core HIV
transmitters. As the ABC policy states, its important that the marketing
and positioning of a socially marketed condom promote consistent and
correct condom use as well as the importance of reducing the number of
sexual partners/concurrent partners to reduce risk of HIV infection.
Thus, in addition to disseminating targeted behavior change messages to
reduce the number of partners, HCM should promote the correct and
consistent use of condoms in high risk encounters, by targeting social
marketing activities and condom distribution at high risk groups in high
risk settings such as bars and "lodgings." Where feasible, in
collaboration with other projects, such as USAID/REDSO/ESA's
Transport-Corridor Initiative (TCI), should be explored.

Data show that availability of the socially marketed condom in rural
areas (19.8 percent) is significantly below urban areas (30.3 percent).
While HIV infection among adults in urban areas is almost twice as high
as in rural areas (10 percent *vs.* 6 percent respectively), the
absolute numbers of those infected in rural areas (670,000) is
significantly greater than those who live in urban areas (410,000). As
such, HCM should emphasize condom distribution and promotion of correct
and consistent condom use in rural areas. The partner should also
consider the implications of rural poverty when determining condom price
in rural areas.

b.  **Oral contraceptive pills and injectable contraceptives**

HCM should work with researchers and policy makers in Kenya on
repositioning family planning, and responding to needs and gaps
accordingly.

The program will target FP products to population cohorts according to
their different characteristics, interests and needs; paying special
attention to increasing the availability and use of oral contraceptives
(OCs) among the underserved, those with the greatest need, and
considering the special needs of married and unmarried youth.

c.  **Insecticide treated bednets (ITNs) and retreatment tablets**

The program will develop a plan to expand coverage, access, and use of
ITNs while positioning the socially marketed ITNs among other bednets
available in Kenya (especially with the potential advent of free
distribution of Global Fund-procured ITNs by the GOK); and scaling up a
well-organized effort for ITN retreatment.

HCM will coordinate with other implementing partners, donor agencies,
and the GOK, to ensure its bednet program complements a larger
integrated strategy that includes recommended treatment (including ACT
and IPT), habitat/environmental management, etc. It will also be in line
with the US President's Malaria Initiative, and may expand within this
initiative to include indoor residual spraying or other anti-malaria
campaigns.

**d. Safe water system**

The program will utilize effective strategies to expand the correct,
consistent, and year-round use of a branded water chlorine product,
targeted to geographical locations with low use and high incidence of
diarrheal disease.

The program will assist in developing indicators or proxies and methods
for measuring correct, continuous use and probable impact on diarrheal
disease.

## 2. New Products

The introduction of new types of products is not an immediate priority
for HCM. However, during the three to five-year duration of the project,
the opportunity and need for doing so may arise. USAID will consider the
introduction of new product lines supported by a strong business plan,
which should include: 1) details of the process that would be involved
in planning/positioning, launching, phasing, and scaling up new social
marketing products, 2) the potential impact of these new products on the
exiting product line, 3) evidence of the potential, measurable
contribution of the product to filling health gaps, and 4) the
cost-effectiveness of introducing the product, including a justification
for the required investment (including the ability to leverage the
project's existing marketing, sales, and distribution network), and
consumer demand, ability and willingness to pay.

## Communications 

The communications component of HCM will focus on four areas: 1) generic
behavior change communication; 2) service communications, which will
include public service or educational campaigns on VCT, PMTCT, ART, and
TB; 3) product-related branded marketing communications, which will
include specific campaigns and/or messages that support the project's
branded products in the marketplace; and 4) generic product-related
marketing communications.

Communications messages will focus on influencing HIV/AIDS, RH/FP and
CS-related knowledge, attitudes, preferences, values, practices, and
behaviors, as well as providing accurate information to increase demand
for and use of beneficial products and services.

HCM will use multiple communication channels. National level, private
sector, mass media marketing and communications initiatives will be the
primary focus of HCM. Interpersonal communications and community-level
interventions may also be utilized for certain targeted interventions,
where there are not already existing BCC campaigns by other partners.
Other communication channels such as community mobilization, special
events (such as music concerts and sports events), television/radio soap
operas, magazines and comic books, and dissemination of other print
materials (provider leaflets, point of purchase materials) are critical
to complement these efforts and should be incorporated as necessary in
the project design.

The HCM partner will work closely with other partners doing IPC and
community-level interventions, and other GOK or development partners
working in communications, to ensure complementarity, coverage and
consistency of messages.

## 1. Behavior Change Communication 

**HIV/AIDS**

While knowledge of HIV/AIDS is almost universal, fewer Kenyans know
about HIV prevention, misconceptions about transmission and prevention
remain common, stigma is evident, and self risk perception is relatively
low. The communications component of HCM will work to enhance the
knowledge about core issues related to HIV/AIDS focusing on: 1) stigma
reduction, 2) risk perception, 3) delay in sexual debut, 4) abstinence
for youth and other unmarried persons, 5) partner reduction and mutual
faithfulness for sexually active adults, 6) condom efficacy, 7) correct
and consistent condom use among target populations, and 8) gender
attitudes and norms.

Continuing to emphasize the protective effects of abstinence and
faithfulness to a partner of known HIV status will be a major focus of
HCM communication efforts. In addition, HCM communication efforts should
promote new behavioral norms responsive to the special vulnerability of
girls, including very young married women, focus on the heightened risk
faced by orphans and other vulnerable children, and address the needs of
youth who are out of school and on the streets.

Communications efforts suggested in the Emergency Plan guidance for
older youth (above age 14) are ABC programs that promote (1) dignity and
self worth; (2) the importance of abstinence in reducing the
transmission of HIV; (3) the importance of delaying sexual activity
until marriage; (4) the development of skills for practicing abstinence,
and where appropriate, secondary abstinence; (5) the elimination of
casual sexual partnerships; (6) the importance of marriage and mutual
faithfulness in reducing the transmission of HIV among individuals in
long-term relationships; (7) the importance of HIV counseling and
testing; and (8) providing full and accurate information about correct
and consistent condom use as a way to significantly reduce-but not
eliminate-the risk of HIV infection for those who engage in risky sexual
behaviors.

Providing appropriate messages and services to pre-adolescents and their
families will also be a priority. The Emergency Plan recommends for
10-to-14-year-olds, age-appropriate and culture-appropriate "AB"
programs that include (1) promoting dignity and self-worth; (2) the
importance of abstinence in reducing the transmission of HIV; (3) the
importance of delaying sexual debut until marriage; and (4) the
development of skills for practicing abstinence.

The perception of risk is one of the biggest challenges in promotion of
A, B, and C behaviors among youth. Although the knowledge of AIDS is
high, programs for youth in and out of school need to increasingly
emphasize the concept of risk. Innovative approaches will be required to
reach married adolescents who often lack access to conventional
preventive strategies.

Research shows that half of all Kenyans do not believe condoms are an
effective way to prevent HIV, and many do not know how to use a condom
properly. In addition, there continues to be significant social stigma
associated with condom purchase, possession, and use. HCM communications
should address these major barriers to correct and consistent use of
condoms.

HCM will participate in and coordinate activities through the National
AIDS Control Council (NACC) and the National AIDS and STI Control
Program (NASCOP) of the MOH. HCM will actively participate in NACC\'s
BCC technical working group to ensure that the HCM communications
strategy and specific campaigns and messages are aligned with the
national strategy and those of other partners.

**Reproductive Health**

In recent years, attention to FP and RH has declined and donor and
government funding has stagnated or decreased, partly because of
shifting focus and efforts towards the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Kenyans
knowledge of FP remains high but interest in and demand for services has
waned. In addition to a plateau CPR, TFR declines, and high unmet need
for voluntary contraceptive services, unwanted fertility manifests
itself in high maternal and child mortality and morbidity, and families
unable to properly nurture too closely spaced children or to assert
control over their economic resources in the face of unexpected births.

The situation in Kenya clearly warrants an increase in the quantity and
quality of communications on FP and RH. The priority topics for
USAID/Kenya are:

1.  Information about FP/RH services to create informed demand,
    especially among youth;

2.  Method-specific information on long-term methods generally and
    IUCDs, oral and injectable contraceptives specifically, including
    dispelling myths and misconceptions; and

3.  Integrated youth-focused messages, including delay in sexual debut,
    and for married youth, messages about long-term methods and condom
    efficacy for dual protection.

Integration of FP into VCT and PMTCT services can be beneficial as an
HIV prevention strategy (by preventing vertical transmission) and as a
way to reach populations such as men and adolescents who might not
attend family planning clinics, but who will go for VCT or antenatal
care. The GOK is moving towards a strategy for providing FP at all VCT
centers in the country. HCM will use innovative strategies to market
OCs, while addressing dual protection and the risk of HIV/AIDS/STIs, and
integration of FP into PMTCT and VCT services.

The MOH Division of Health Promotion has developed a communication
strategy for repositioning FP in the public sector. In addition, the
Division of Reproductive Health has set up a RH communication unit
responsible for reviewing communications materials. FP should be
emphasized in both private sector service delivery as well as the public
sector, and HCM must ensure that its RH communications work is coherent
with the Ministry's efforts across these two sectors. In addition, the
project should align its messages with other RH communications and
service delivery initiatives implemented by other partners. Messages on
safe motherhood, such as antenatal care and delivery with a service
provider should be leveraged from service messages on PMTCT and FP/RH.

**Child Survival and Malaria**

The leading causes of infant and child death in Kenya are preventable
illnesses such as malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea, malnutrition, HIV/AIDS,
and complications from low-birth-weight. The situation warrants an
enhanced approach to the quantity and quality of communications on CS.
HCM will continue generic information campaigns to increase knowledge on
malaria\'s causes, transmission, risk groups, and prevention methods,
especially in the endemic regions of the country and among pregnant
women and children under five years old. This will include improved
malaria recognition amongst health workers as a vital complementary
approach. Emphasis on improving family and community practices to ensure
prompt recognition of illness and prompt care seeking behavior will be
an important preventive tool. Social marketing for improved stoves,
where the commodity is available locally may also be incorporated to
improve both natural resource management and reduce risk of ARI in
children. In addition to addressing the HIV/AIDS related needs of
children, including reducing vertical transmission, pediatric treatment
for infected children and care for OVC, USAID/Kenya's priorities for
addressing CS are:

1.  Improved birth spacing,

2.  Early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding (the "Gold Standard")

3.  Malaria and diarrheal disease prevention including correct,
    continuous use of ITNs and water purification products following
    purchase

4.  Affecting knowledge, practices and behaviors of parents and
    caregivers in relation to prevention and treatment of illness of
    children,

5.  improving immunization uptake and coverage

6.  Use of improved stoves to minimize interior air pollution and risk
    of ARI.

HCM will coordinate closely with the US Presidential Malaria Initiative,
as well as the Kenyan Division of Malaria Control to set country
priorities, implement activities, and monitor progress towards achieving
the 2010 Abuja targets. It also will work with the Child Health
Interagency Coordinating Committee to ensure its interventions are
aligned with GOK priorities.

## 2. Service Communications

**VCT**

Personal knowledge of HIV status is essential for Kenyans to access care
and treatment, and for them to prevent further HIV transmission. One of
the barriers to roll-out of ART is that so many HIV positive Kenyans do
not know their status, or only learn it when they are ill. Currently
only 18 percent of infected women and 22 percent of infected men in
Kenya know their HIV status. Studies in 2003 found that only about 15
percent of Kenya's adult population had been tested for HIV, and of
them, about 90 percent actually learned their results. Other studies
have found that over 65 percent of untested Kenyans are interested in
getting tested. Factoring in testing since 2003, this means that over 13
million adult Kenyans still do not know their HIV status and at least 8
million of them would utilize testing if it were available. In addition,
the 2003 Kenya DHS has documented that 7 percent of married couples are
HIV discordant.

HCM efforts should continue to promote the importance of knowing one's
serostatus, focusing on counseling and testing for pregnant women,
exposed health workers, patients in hospitals and clinics, TB patients
and couples. These messages will complement national efforts to
encourage couple-testing by strengthening efforts to detect discordant
couples at early stages and to reinforce prevention of further exposure
to HIV infection for spouses and sexual partners of infected persons.
Service delivery communication should reinforce existing referral
programs done through service delivery partners, prevention messages,
and should be consistent with GOK messages.

**PMTCT**

PMTCT services are currently available in over 1000 health facilities in
Kenya and plans are in place to increase coverage to at least 80% of all
government, mission, and private hospitals by the end of 2007. As PMTCT
services are expanded, creating awareness about and demand for this
important intervention will be critical. HCM will expand current PMTCT
communication campaigns, focusing messages on PMTCT as an important
entry point for HIV infected women and their families to access other
HIV care and support services (including continuous care and support to
HIV infected women and their families, infant HIV diagnosis and care,
prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections, and provision of
ARVs to eligible women, infants and other family members (PMTCT- Plus))
emphasizing the extent to which it prevents orphanhood. All PMTCT
programs and marketing strategies will comply with the WHO Code of
Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (Annex E).

**ART**

As ART is scaled up in Kenya, the low level of knowledge among the
population regarding the role, limitations and risks associated with
ARVs is a concern. One specific concern is the potential misconception
of ARVs as a cure for HIV/AIDS and a resulting reduction in preventative
behavior.

To counter low ARV knowledge and related risk perception, HCM should
continue current efforts to disseminate information on ART to the
general public, and to dispel misconceptions and myths as well as
unrealistic expectations. In addition, efforts should employ the
"positive prevention" strategy; empowering HIV-infected persons under
care for opportunistic infections and/or receiving ART, with information
on effective HIV prevention methods for them and their sexual partners,
as a strategy to reduce incidence of re-infection and avoid resistant
viruses from spreading in the population. Individuals on ART will need
special targeting since once they've regained their health, risky sexual
activities may become more common. One way to reach them will be through
PLWA organizations and networks in Kenya, as well as through health care
providers and counselors.

**Tuberculosis (TB)**

Kenya is ranked tenth among the 22 Global High Burden Countries for TB.
The TB program in Kenya diagnosed and notified 120,000 cases of
tuberculosis in 2004, which is a 16% increase compared to 2002. The
annual increase of TB has been constant (15%) over the last decade and
is attributed to the HIV epidemic and improved case finding. It is
estimated that 9.5% of the adult population is infected with HIV and
40-60% of all TB cases are HIV positive. The incidence of all forms of
TB is estimated by WHO to be 610/100,000 population, which means that
Kenya's current Case Detection Rate (CDR) for infectious cases is less
than 50% and still far away of the 2005 WHO target of 70% of all cases
(population 32.3 million).

Communication efforts to complement service-related initiatives to
address TB, focusing on education, dispelling misconceptions, reducing
stigma, and encouraging testing and treatment are needed to create
demand for TB services.

**Family Planning**

Family planning services are available widely and at many levels of
service delivery. Awareness of both short-term and long-term methods and
places to access both additional information and services should be
well-publicized, including messages targeted at married and sexually
active youth.

## Local Partnerships and Capacity Building

## 1. Local Partnerships

HCM is expected to work closely with the GOK and relevant local
organizations from Kenya's commercial, non-governmental, and/or
faith-based sectors to: 1) directly benefit the project by leveraging
local experience and expertise; 2) ensure its local credibility by
engaging a significant portion of respected local players; 3) ensure
programs are culturally appropriate and acceptable and engender a
perception that the project is "Kenyan" in character; and 4) increase
the cost effectiveness and efficiency of the program by enabling the
project to take advantage of local personnel and facilities and
minimizing recurrent costs, thereby increasing the prospects for the
long-term sustainability of specific project activities.

Kenya is replete with highly comp7etent and skilled commercial and
non-profit organizations working in a broad array of areas relevant to
the project and many, such as those in the faith-based sector, have a
comparative advantage unmatched by others (for example, in the extent of
their reach and their influence on people's attitudes, beliefs and
behaviors). The current program already has established meaningful
partnerships with locally controlled firms including advertising
agencies, media outlets, and distributors. HCM is challenged to further
expand and develop these types of partnerships and build the capacity of
local partners, and should include a plan to engage and further build
the capacity of these partners organizations in the application (and
later establish these firmly in the annual workplan and performance
monitoring plan (PMP). HCM is encouraged to think creatively about
partnering with a broad variety of partners.

## 2. Capacity Building

USAID's development vision for Kenya's health sector is for fully
indigenous management and implementation of health programs, with
foreign financial assistance technical assistance provided only as
required. With significant capacity and quality challenges in both the
private and public health system in Kenya, it is not anticipated that
this goal will be achieved during the life of this project; however
USAID is committed to working towards this goal by supporting and
strengthening the management and implementation capacity of local
partners. This may entail targeted technical assistance to build the
numbers and competencies of Kenyan staff in their organizations so that
Kenyans will increasingly be in a position to take senior executive
management and technical roles, authorities, and responsibilities in
social marketing. HCM is expected to incorporate a significant component
that demonstrates it will engage local partners and work with them
towards this objective in the social marketing and communications field.

To the greatest extent possible, HCM should use in-country expertise to
accomplish the project's marketing and communications objectives. The
project is expected to build upon and strengthen Kenya's capacity for
design, management, implementation, and evaluation and to use
diversified local personnel and facilities to the maximum extent
possible in order to minimize recurrent costs and increase the prospects
for activity and/or program sustainability. HCM should also pursue
approaches to sales and distribution that leverage and/or develop
existing capacity in the country from the commercial, non-governmental
and faith-based sectors, including tactical partnerships and subgrants.

Over the life of HCM, there is an expectation that a significant and
increasing number of activities will be sub-granted to locally
controlled organizations in the commercial, non-governmental, and
faith-based sectors. In the HCM application, the applicant should
include illustrative indicators and benchmarks, among which should be
the proportion of project activities that will be allocated to Kenyan
partners by year 3 and by the end of the project.

An important aspect of building local capacity is ensuring that the
partnerships described in the previous sections are managed as
partnerships of equals, with local partners sharing agreement
responsibility and being held accountable for the ultimate success or
failure of the project (however the prime HCM partner will remain
legally responsible for the project.)

The program's own human resource base at senior, middle and entry level
should be strengthened through specific planning and professional
development activities. Approaches might include selective, targeted
regional short-term training and "study tours" to other countries'
social marketing programs; mentoring; review of staffing, compensation
and other human resource and retention policies; procedures and
benefits, including family support measures; and others. The HCM partner
should incorporate benchmarks for progressively increasing the
management and technical roles, authorities and responsibilities of its
local staff. In addition, the partner's Board should represent the
project's broad diversity of stakeholders, including the GOK, and its
other local and international development partners.

USAID/Kenya expects its implementers to have a progressive and humane
policy for assisting staff who are HIV-infected or who have family
members who are HIV-infected, and to counsel emotionally-affected
colleagues. Currently, USAID/Kenya and all of its implementing partners
have programs in place to provide access to ARVs for all HIV-positive
staff. It is expected that the applicant will continue this policy and
practice.

## Coordination and Collaboration 

HCM is expected to proactively collaborate and implement all activities
in partnership with relevant GOK coordinating and technical advisory
bodies, other implementing partners and the commercial sector engaged in
similar programmatic areas. This involves, but is not limited to, joint
planning and coordination of program and activity design,
implementation, monitoring, and evaluation and regular communication to
keep all partners informed of current activities and future plans. The
partner should identify specific partners in the application stage and
articulate a well-defined strategy for partnering with local
organizations in the HCM application.

The purpose of this element of the project is to ensure adequate
coverage, avoid duplication, improve consistency and ensure that
interventions are aligned with national priorities. It is also designed
to increase its effectiveness, appropriateness, and sustainability.
Collaboration with other implementing partners will benefit HCM directly
by helping leverage resources, reducing overhead costs, negotiating
better terms with suppliers, and reaching more Kenyans more efficiently
and more effectively.

A system of coordinating committees, taskforces, and technical working
groups (many of which are GOK-led) has been established to provide
coordination for both the public and commercial health sector at varying
levels. These operate with varying effectiveness and efficiency. HCM
will identify relevant HIV/AIDS, RH, CS, malaria and
communications-focused bodies on which to participate and through which
to coordinate and collaborate with the GOK and development partners, and
help ensure consistency and appropriateness of messages and anticipate
and participate in new directions and developments in the sector.

In addition, USAID/Kenya expects HCM participation in certain USG, GOK,
donor and NGO senior management and technical program consultations on
HIV/AIDS, RH/FP, CS, malaria and other national health priorities, in
order to contribute ideas and approaches, and so that social marketing's
contributions to the health of Kenyans are recognized.

USAID recognizes that meaningful, results-oriented cooperation is
challenging, especially given the differing agendas of various
organizations and agencies, differences in capacity and competence,
varying bureaucracies and institutional requirements, and the
deficiencies in GOK human and material resources. While HCM must strive
to maintain a balance between achieving results and successful
collaboration, USAID/Kenya deems the collaboration element of the
program critical enough that it will work together with the HCM partner
to establish and adjust annual targets and goals for the program, taking
into consideration these challenges.

**F. Implementation Approach**

The HCM partner will develop and implement a social marketing program
consisting of mutually-reinforcing, prioritized, and phased
interventions. The program will reflect state-of-the-art, contemporary,
and innovative social marketing strategies, interventions, methods, and
techniques that are based on the most current evaluations and research
and lessons learned from program experiences in Kenya and other
countries. Marketing techniques should reflect contemporary thinking
from the commercial sector; and ongoing innovation, such as co-branding
and brand extensions with well-known and/or compatible brands in Kenya,
should be a priority. Use of local knowledge and resources from local
partners is also imperative, and all marketing and sales strategies
should be "field tested" in their Kenyan context.

The communications component should complement and augment interpersonal
and peer communication (IPC) initiatives (which are critical for
influencing sustained behavior change) and develop strategic/tactical
partnerships with other sectors in Kenya where beneficial. Certain
additional IPC initiatives may be required for targeted areas or
populations that are not already being served.

In the product marketing, sales, and distribution component of the
project, HCM should strike a balance between quality and cost, so that
its products are perceived in the marketplace as affordable and
high-value. Overall operations should have a strong customer focus and
project staff should be attentive and responsive to all of their
constituencies, including customers, retailers, wholesalers, suppliers,
vendors, and regulators. Key clients, including USAID/Kenya and GOK, as
well as key customers, should be regularly consulted and briefed, and
the program modified as necessary to meet their needs.

**SECTION II: MONITORING AND EVALUATION**

[]{.mark}

HCM will be characterized by robust monitoring and evaluation, using
strategic information for decision making, analysis, and programming.
HCM should continuously gather, analyze, and utilize data and
information to refine and improve its activities and should be
results-oriented, producing measurable positive outcomes against the
objectives in this SOW.

Marketing initiatives should be based on sound information and analysis
of the situation in Kenya, including data on consumer behavior (brand
preferences, loyalty behaviors, purchase decision-making, product use,
etc.), competitive products, available distribution channels, retail
sales environment and pricing sensitivity. Robust data should also be an
intrinsic part of the communications component of the project, ranging
from background information for shaping the messages to be communicated
to detailed information on the target audiences for specific campaigns
and/or messages.

Applications should include specific, detailed plans to monitor and
evaluate project performance. Applicants should clearly state how
proposed activities and indicators relate to the project objectives and
how data will be collected, tracked, verified, and reported. Although
product sales and revenues have risen during the life of the AIDSMark
social marketing program, data show discontinuation and irregular use of
condoms, contraception and bednets for malaria control. There is thus a
need for social marketing programs to focus more on promoting the
effective use of methods and products and on behavior change in addition
to just sales. Social marketing sales and distribution data should be
disaggregated and analyzed for their relationship to health and FP
indicators of coverage, access, accessibility and use. Consequently,
applicants should propose strategies to measure the behavioral impact of
the marketing and communications activities, using sales data for
routine accounting purposes, but not as a primary performance indicator.

Upon project award, the selected partner will work with the CTO
(Cognizant Technical Officer) to ensure that indicators are aligned with
the Mission's Strategic Objectives and PEPFAR reporting requirements.

**III. Management, Deliverables, and Reporting Requirements**

***A. Substantial Involvement Understanding***

The Cognizant Technical Officer (CTO) is responsible for the following
elements or USAID's involvement during the implementation of the
program:

Per ADS 303.5.11(a), items for substantial involvement are

1\. Approval of the recipient's Implementation Plan

2\. Approval of specific key personnel

3\. Agency and recipient collaboration or joint participation, i.e.
approval of subawards

***B. Deliverables & Reports***

**Workplan and Performance Monitoring Plan.** Within 60 days of award,
the HCM partner will submit an initial workplan and budget for the
implementation of the cooperative agreement through the end of the first
fiscal year. Subsequent workplans will be submitted and negotiated for
each year cycle, which currently runs from October 1^st^ through
September 30^th^. The initial workplan will include a proposed PMP for
the entire period of performance including the process for collecting
baseline data.

[]{.mark}

**Progress Reports.** The HCM partner will submit quarterly and annual
performance reports. These reports will indicate progress achieved
towards benchmarks, highlight tangible results, identify any problems
encountered in implementation, and propose remedial actions as
appropriate. Quarterly reports should report on the previous three
months activities and are due within 10 working days of the end of each
fiscal year quarter. These will be reviewed by the CTO for monitoring
purposes. Annual reports will be submitted within 30 days of the year
ending on August 31^st^. It will cover activities completed during the
preceding 12 months as well as cumulative performance results since the
start of the agreement. This will be submitted to and reviewed by the
CTO. Annual reports will include data collected to measure progress
against the Performance Monitoring Plan (PMP).

**Financial Reports.** The HCM partner will submit a quarterly financial
report that will include a summary of cooperative agreement finances and
a pipeline analysis of funds obligated, funds expended, expenses accrued
and funds remaining by budget categories. This financial report will
break out funds by fund category and by year of obligation. This should
be submitted with the quarterly reports to the CTO.

**Final Project Report.** Within 30 days after project closeout, the HCM
partner will submit a final project report on results measured against
the PMP, lessons learned, demobilization, and project successes and
failures.

**3. Management Reviews and External Evaluations**

The annual work plans will form the basis for joint annual management
reviews by USAID and program staff to review program directions,
achievement of the prior year work plan objectives, any major management
and implementation issues, and to make recommendations for any changes
as appropriate. These management reviews as well as work plan meetings
may be broadened to include dialogue across the different cooperating
agencies, and among MOH and USG partners.

At any time during program implementation, USAID may conduct one or more
external mid-term assessment/process evaluation(s) to review overall
progress, assess the continuing appropriateness of the program design,
and identify any factors impeding effective implementation. USAID will
utilize the results of the assessment to recommend any mid-course
changes in strategy if needed and to help determine appropriate future
directions. Site visits may occur anytime after startup.

This cooperative agreement is awarded for an initial three years with an
option to extend for an additional two years, based on performance
during the initial period. Therefore, to assess performance of
recipient, an external performance evaluation is planned to occur
approximately 24 months after award. Pending availability of funds and
program strategy at that time, including The Emergency Plan strategies
and guidelines, the performance evaluation and data from other reporting
and observations over the life of the initial award will be used to
determine whether the option to extend the cooperative agreement will be
exercised.

**SECTION III -- IMPLEMENTATION ARRAGEMENT**

**A.** **ANTICIPATED AWARD SCHEDULE**

The APHIA HCM award is anticipated to be awarded by September 30, 2006.
Within one month of the award of this cooperative agreement, individuals
designated as Key Personnel will be available to commence work in Kenya.
A project office will be established and operational within 60 days from
the date of award.

**B. FUNDING**

The Cooperative Agreement will be incrementally funded.

**C. WORKWEEK**

A five-day work week is authorized under this cooperative agreement.

**D. AUTHORIZED GEOGRAPHIC CODE**

The authorized geographic code for procurement of goods and services
under the cooperative agreement is 935.

**E. ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS**

To be eligible to receive this Cooperative Agreement, a consortium or
organization must be an institution of higher education, research
institution, for-profit, non-profit, or private voluntary organization.
U.S. Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs) must be registered with
USAID, as defined in 22 CFR part 228 and Kenyan NGOs must be registered
in Kenya. Government of Kenya entities and parastatals are precluded
from applying for this Cooperative Agreement.

**SECTION IV -- AGREEMENT APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS**

## A. PREPARATION GUIDELINES

Applications must be submitted no later than the date and time indicated
on the cover page of this RFA, to the location indicated on page 2 of
the cover letter accompanying this RFA. All applications received by the
deadline will be reviewed for responsiveness to the specifications
outlined in these guidelines and the selection criteria presented in
Section V. Section V addresses the technical evaluation procedures for
the applications. Applications which are submitted late or are
incomplete run the risk of not being considered in the review process.

Applications shall be submitted in two separate parts: (a) technical and
(b) cost or business application. Technical portions of applications
shall be submitted in an original and five (5) copies, cost portions of
applications in an original and (2) two copies .

The application should be organized according to the selection criteria
presented in Section V.

Technical applications should be specific, complete and presented
concisely. The application should demonstrate the applicant\'s
capabilities and expertise with respect to achieving the goals of this
program. The applications should take into account the technical
evaluation criteria found in Section V.

Applicants should retain for their records one copy of the application
and all enclosures which accompany their application. Erasures or other
changes must be initialed by the person signing the application. To
facilitate the competitive review of the applications, USAID will
consider only applications conforming to the format prescribed below.

## **B. TECHNICAL APPLICATION PREPARATION** {#b.-technical-application-preparation .unnumbered}

USAID requests that applications be kept as concise as possible. 
Detailed information should be presented only when required by specific
RFA instructions.  Technical applications are limited to 35 pages (12
point single-spaced Times New Roman font, and a minimum of 1 inch
margins all around) not including the cover page, executive summary,
appendices, and certain graphics as specified.  Pages should be
paginated at the bottom. Graphics and charts specifically requested in
this technical application will not count against the page limit for the
application, and may be included either in the application or in
attachments. Shorter applications are encouraged. USAID requests that
applications provide all information required by following the general
format described below.

Applicants may use appendices for such required supplemental information
as key personnel resumes, resumes of other personnel, and a list of
previous contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements and past
performance reports. Applicants are requested to limit appendices to a
total of 25 pages. Applicants shall provide the names of the individuals
responsible for the preparation of the application.

A Technical Evaluation Panel will evaluate the technical applications in
accordance with the evaluation criteria in Section V.   The suggested
format for the technical application is:

**1.** **Cover Page**

Include RFA Number, "APHIA II - HCM" name of organization(s) submitting
application, contact person, telephone and fax numbers, e-mail, and
address.

**2.**   **Executive Summary** **(1-3 pages)**

Although this section will not be scored, it should allow technical
reviewers to quickly understand the critical elements of the application
including the most salient features of the applicants' technical vision
and approach, the key personnel and management plan proposed, and the
capabilities of the partners to accomplish the desired results.

**3. Technical Application (maximum 35 pages)**

**a.  Technical Approach   **

The applicant should describe how the partners will implement the full
scope of the Health Communications and Marketing activity including
social marketing, service communications, behavior change
communications, and organizational capacity building of their local
partner to achieve the four objectives described in the scope of work.
The technical approach should include:

-   How applicants propose to build upon existing activities and
    knowledge, and address any identified gaps. This should include a
    plan for a seamless transition from the existing program. The
    applicant should demonstrate knowledge and research of existing BCC
    and social marketing programs in Kenya, current behavior trends, and
    capacity within the private sector and NGO sector to be sustainable
    in the areas covered by this project;

-   Realistic targets and clear strategies to achieve them within the
    timeframe of the project.

-   The outline of a business plan, with timeline, for rapidly scaling
    up and gaining recognition for any new brands proposed within the
    application that will be developed or that will be introduced in
    Kenya.

-   The technical role of the Kenyan partner(s) and a plan for
    developing their technical, administrative, and managerial capacity
    over the life of the project.

-   How the applicant will incorporate the "Broad Programmatic
    Priorities and Considerations" of this RFA into their program (i.e.
    plan for targeted expansion, support for program integration,
    conformity with ABC and other USG guidance, and gender
    considerations). Refer to attachments.

-   How the applicant will control costs, including special attention to
    publications and events, and improve the cost-effectiveness of the
    program; and

**b. Key Personnel and staffing plan: **

**Technical staff** **positions and qualifications:**

The applicant should propose an overall staffing pattern that
demonstrates the breadth and depth of technical expertise and experience
required to design and implement this cooperative agreement. The
staffing plan should demonstrate a solid understanding of key technical
and organizational requirements and an appropriate mix of skills for
this cooperative agreement, while avoiding excessive staffing.

This section should include: 1) a detailed organizational chart, 2) a
brief description of select key personnel and 3) a skills matrix for
proposed project staff.

**Key Personnel.** Given the various structures that could be put in
place for the management and implementation of HCM, including local
partnerships and outsourcing, applicants are asked to identify three key
personnel:

1\. Project Director

2\. Chief Financial Officer

3\. Chief Sales/Marketing Manager

Key staff must have at least ten years of relevant experience, including
relevant technical, managerial, and supervisory experience as well as
experience in collaborating and working with the private sector,
international donors and foreign governments. At least three years of
experience in Africa on social marketing or related programs is
required. Key personnel must have a Masters degree or higher (or
equivalent degree or experience), and demonstrated capacity for the
position in which they are being recommended. At least one key staff
should be Kenyan.

The application must propose up to five core staff (in addition to key
staff), integral to the implementation of the program. Core staff must
have at least seven years of experience, three of which should be in
Africa. These staff should have a Masters degree or higher (or
equivalent degree or experience) and demonstrated capacity for the
position in which they are being recommended. At least two core staff
should be local-hire Kenyans.

Resumes of proposed key personnel (five pages maximum per position) and
other proposed core staff (three pages maximum per position) are to be
included in an annex.

All key personnel resumes must include three references with up-to-date
contact information. Letters of commitment for at least the first year
of the project are required for all key personnel and should be included
in an annex.

**c. Monitoring and Evaluation Plan**

Applicants should:

-   Describe how they would develop a cost-effective, results-oriented
    monitoring system that will provide USAID/Kenya and the program
    itself with information to track progress toward achieving each of
    the four results, improve performance and effectiveness, and inform
    planning and management decisions.

-   Identify key indicators and relevant illustrative sub-indicators
    against which the applicant proposes to report. Key indicators
    should include relevant prevention and service-related PEPFAR
    indicators over which the applicant has manageable interest.

-   Articulate realistic goals and targets that they expect to achieve
    by 3 years and at 5 years from project start.

a.  **Management & Implementation**

Applicants should detail the organizational and reporting structure of
the project. This should include an organigram and narrative
description. Narrative should include specifically the role of the
Kenyan partner in the management and implementation. The project should
also propose how it will coordinate with other stakeholders, including
private sector, GOK, and other donors.

The plan should also include a timeline and deployment schedule for
rapid startup and transition from the current USAID social marketing
program.

e.  **Institutional Capacity & Past Performance:**

Applicant should include in the technical application, narrative on
recent (10 years) past experience of each partner as it relates to the
scope of work described here, in particular, in social marketing,
communications related to behavior change and services, and
organizational capacity building in the private sector. Three past
performance reports (PPRs) total must be included in the appendices with
current contact information for at least two contacts to be considered
responsive.

-   Note: Past performance information is required for the prime and
    major sub-recipients. A major sub-recipient is an organization that
    anticipates receiving 15% of the award from the prime. Past
    performance references are not required for resource organizations
    or sub-recipients that are not considered major.

##  USAID reserves the right to obtain past performance information from other sources 

## C. COST APPLICATION FORMAT 

The cost application is to be submitted under separate cover from the
technical application, and include the RFA number and title on the
cover. The budget should reflect the proposed approach described in the
statement of work for the five-year period, including all core staff
proposed. The budget must be in USD and the LOE be quoted in days.
Actual funding for this cooperative agreement will be negotiated based
on the cost of the proposed approach and staff over the five-year
period, subject to availability of funds.

Certain documents are required to be submitted by an applicant in order
for a Grant Officer to make a determination of responsibility. However,
it is USAID policy not to burden applicants with undue reporting
requirements if that information is readily available through other
sources.

The following sections describe the documentation that applicants for
Assistance awards must submit to USAID in response to this solicitation.
While there is no page limit for this portion, applicants are encouraged
to be as concise as possible, but still provide the necessary detail to
address the following:

A. Provide a copy of the applicant's business/cost application, on a
compact disk, formatted in Word2000.

Present the summary budget for proposed activity including uses of USAID
funds and any other needed funds. Clearly indicate the partnerships' own
commitment to match funds separate from other donor support. **The RFA
does include a requirement for cost-sharing**. The portion of this
matching fund which will qualify as cost-share under 22 CFR 226 should
be clearly identified

B. Include a detailed budget, in US dollars, with an accompanying budget
narrative which provides in detail the total costs for implementation of
the program your organization is proposing. The budget must be submitted
using Standard Form 424 and 424A which can be downloaded from the USAID
web site,

http://www.usaid.gov/procurement_bus_opp/procurement/forms/sf424/;

Please note that the SF424 is submitted by the prime. It is a
consolidation of the primes and subs budgets.

A detailed budget must be submitted for the prime and major
sub-recipients. A major sub-recipient is an organization that
anticipates receiving 15% of the award from the prime.

\- the breakdown of all costs associated with the program according to
costs of, if applicable, headquarters, regional and/or country offices;

\- the breakdown of all costs according to each partner organization
involved in the program;

\- the costs associated with external, expatriate technical assistance
and those associated with local in-country technical assistance;

\- the breakdown of the financial and in-kind contributions of all
organizations involved in implementing this Cooperative Agreement;

\- potential contributions of non-USAID or private commercial donors to
this Cooperative Agreement;

\- your procurement plan for commodities (note that contraceptives and
other health commodities will not be provided under this Cooperative
Agreement). This should include pricing of ITNs and water purification
commodities.

C. A current Negotiated Indirect Cost Rate Agreement is required for the
prime and major sub-recipients. A major sub-recipient is an organization
that anticipates receiving 15% of the award from the prime;

D. Required certifications and representations (as attached) are
required for the prime and major sub-recipients. A major sub-recipient
is an organization that anticipates receiving 15% of the award from the
prime ;

E. Cost share has been recommended to be **10%** of the total estimated
amount. If the applicant proposes a cost share of less than 10%, it will
be deemed as not responsive, and will be removed from further
consideration. A proposed cost share greater than 10% will be considered
highly responsive.

F. Applicants who do not currently have a Negotiated Indirect Cost Rate
Agreement (NICRA) from their cognizant agency shall also submit the
following information:

1\. The applicant\'s financial reports for the previous 3-year period,
which have been audited by a certified public accountant or other
auditor satisfactory to USAID;

2\. Budget, cash flow and organizational chart;

3\. A copy of the organization\'s accounting manual.

G. Applicants should submit any additional evidence of responsibility
deemed necessary for the Grant Officer to make a determination of
responsibility. This information is required for the prime and major
sub-recipients. A major sub-recipient is an organization that
anticipates receiving 15% of the award from the prime

The information submitted should substantiate that the Applicant:

1\. Has adequate financial resources or the ability to obtain such
resources as required during the performance of the award.

2\. Has the ability to comply with the award conditions, taking into
account all existing and currently prospective commitments of the
applicant, nongovernmental and governmental.

3\. Has a satisfactory record of performance. Past relevant
unsatisfactory performance is ordinarily sufficient to justify a finding
of non-responsibility, unless there is clear evidence of subsequent
satisfactory performance.

4\. Has a satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics; and

5\. Is otherwise qualified and eligible to receive a grant under
applicable laws and regulations (e.g., EEO).

H. Applicants that have never received a grant, cooperative agreement or
contract from the U.S. Government are required to submit a copy of their
accounting manual. If a copy has already been submitted to the U.S.
Government, the applicant should advise which Federal Office has a copy.

In addition to the aforementioned guidelines, the applicant is requested
to take note of the following:

I. Unnecessarily Elaborate Applications - Unnecessarily elaborate
brochures or other presentations beyond those sufficient to present a
complete and effective application in response to this RFA are not
desired and may be construed as an indication of the applicant\'s lack
of cost consciousness. Elaborate art work, expensive paper and bindings,
and expensive visual and other presentation aids are neither necessary
nor wanted.

J. Acknowledgement of Amendments to the RFA - Applicants shall
acknowledge receipt of any amendment to this RFA by signing and
returning the amendment. The Government must receive the acknowledgement
by the time specified for receipt of applications.

K. Receipt of Applications - Applications must be received at the place
designated and by the date and time specified in the cover letter of
this RFA.

L. Submission of Applications:

1\. Applications and modifications thereof shall be submitted in sealed
envelopes or packages (1) addressed to the office specified in the Cover
Letter of this RFA, and (2) showing the time specified for receipt, the
RFA number, and the name and address of the applicant. A copy of the
full technical application should be provided in an electronic format
(CD) formatted in Word 2000 or XP. A copy of the cost or business
application should be provided on a separate CD in Excel version 2002 or
earlier format.

2\. Faxed applications will not be considered; however, applications may
be modified by written or faxed notice, if that notice is received by
the time specified for receipt of applications.

M. Preparation of Applications:

1\. Applicants are expected to review, understand, and comply with all
aspects of this RFA. Failure to do so will be at the applicant\'s risk.

2\. Each applicant shall furnish the information required by this RFA.
The applicant shall sign the application and print or type its name on
the Cover Page of the technical and cost applications. Erasures or other
changes must be initialed by the person signing the application.
Applications signed by an agent shall be accompanied by evidence of that
agent\'s authority, unless that evidence has been previously furnished
to the issuing office.

3\. Applicants who include data that they do not want disclosed to the
public for any purpose or used by the U.S. Government except for
evaluation purposes, should:

\(a\) Mark the title page with the following legend:

\"This application includes data that shall not be disclosed outside the
U.S. Government and shall not be duplicated, used, or disclosed - in
whole or in part - for any purpose other than to evaluate this
application. If, however, a grant is awarded to this applicant as a
result of - or in connection with - the submission of this data, the
U.S. Government shall have the right to duplicate, use, or disclose the
data to the extent provided in the resulting grant. This restriction
does not limit the U.S. Government\'s right to use information contained
in this data if it is obtained from another source without restriction.
The data subject to this restriction are contained in sheets; and

\(b\) Mark each sheet of data it wishes to restrict with the following
legend:

\"Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the
restriction on the title page of this application.\"

N. Explanation to Prospective Applicants -- Any prospective applicant
desiring an explanation or interpretation of this RFA must request it in
writing by Wednesday, July 19, 2006 to allow a reply to reach all
prospective applicants before the submission of their applications. Oral
explanations or instructions given before award of a Grant will not be
binding. Any information given to a prospective applicant concerning
this RFA will be furnished promptly to all other prospective applicants
as an amendment of this RFA, if that information is necessary in
submitting applications or if the lack of it would be prejudicial to any
other prospective applicants.

O. Grant Award:

1\. The Government may award one Grant resulting from this RFA to the
responsible applicant whose application conforming to this RFA offers
the greatest value. The Government may (a) reject any or all
applications, (b) accept other than the lowest cost application, (c)
accept more than one application, (d) accept alternate applications, and
(e) waive informalities and minor irregularities in applications
received.

2\. The Government may award one Grant on the basis of initial
applications received, without discussions. Therefore, each initial
application should contain the applicant\'s best terms from a cost and
technical standpoint.

3\. Neither financial data submitted with an application nor
representations concerning facilities or financing, will form a part of
the resulting Grant.

P. Authority to Obligate the Government - The Grant Officer is the only
individual who may legally commit the Government to the expenditure of
public funds. No costs chargeable to the proposed Grant may be incurred
before receipt of either a fully executed Grant or a specific, written
authorization from the Grant Officer.

Q. The Recipient is reminded that U.S. Executive Orders and U.S. law
prohibits transactions with, and the provision of resources and support
to, individuals and organizations associated with terrorism. It is the
legal responsibility of the recipient to ensure compliance with these
Executive Orders and laws. This provision must be included in all
subcontracts/sub-awards issued under this Agreement.

R. Foreign Government Delegations to International Conferences - Funds
in this \[contract, agreement, amendment\] may not be used to finance
the travel, per diem, hotel expenses, meals, conference fees or other
conference costs for any member of a foreign government\'s delegation to
an international conference sponsored by a public international
organization, except as provided in ADS Mandatory Reference \"Guidance
on Funding Foreign Government Delegations to International Conferences

\[http://www.info.usaid.gov/pubs/ads/300/refindx3.htm\] or as approved
by the \[CO/AO/CTO\].

**SECTION V - - SELECTION CRITERIA**

**A. OVERVIEW**

The criteria presented below have been tailored to the requirements of
this particular RFA. Applicants should note that these criteria serve
to: (a) identify the significant matters which applicants should address
in their applications and (b) set the standard against which all
applications will be evaluated. To facilitate the review of
applications, applicants should organize the narrative sections of their
applications in the same order as the selection criteria.

The technical applications will be evaluated in accordance with the
Technical Evaluation Criteria set forth below. Thereafter, the cost
application of all applicants submitting a technically acceptable
application will be opened and costs will be evaluated for general
reasonableness, allowability, and allocability. To the extent that they
are necessary (if award is made based on initial applications),
negotiations will then be conducted with all applicants whose
application, after discussion and negotiation, has a reasonable chance
of being selected for award. Awards will be made to responsible
applicants whose applications offer the greatest value, cost and other
factors considered.

Awards will be made based on the ranking of proposals according to the
technical and cost selection criteria identified below. To make an
objective evaluation possible, applications must clearly demonstrate how
the organization and the application meet these criteria. A Cooperative
Agreement may be awarded to the applicant or applicants representing the
overall best value to the government.

A.  **TECHNICAL EVALUATION CRITERIA**

## Technical Approach (40 points)

## Background knowledge: The applicant has a clear understanding of the Kenyan context, past approaches and new state-of-the art methods for sales, social marketing, and behavior change and communication strategies. This includes familiarity with past assessments of knowledge and behavior, knowledge of the private sector as it relates to health service delivery and commodities, and knowledge of the capacity of their Kenyan partner and other Kenyan organizations. This knowledge is clearly incorporated into the technical approach. (15 points)

## This section demonstrates technical knowledge, analytical depth, and a logical, results-based approach in order to meet the objectives of the program. This section must demonstrate an overall approach, as well as a strategy for meeting each of the three objectives in areas of HIV/AIDS, reproductive health and family planning, and maternal and child health. The approach is feasible and realistic within the situational and temporal context. (20 points) 

The approach clearly defines how the capacity of the local Kenyan
organization(s) will be developed over the term of this agreement, and
this approach is feasible and has a good chance of sustainability. (5
points)

**Personnel (25 points)**

The key personnel proposed convey the appropriate breadth and depth of
expertise to manage and implement this scope of work. This includes at
least 10 years of experience (in international public health, financial
accounting, development management, or M&E, as appropriate to their
position), preferably in Africa, appropriate supervisory and management
experience, and required experience working with donors, preferably from
the USG. They have included letters of commitment for at least two years
of the project. At least should be Kenyan and currently resident in
Kenya. (15 points)

Other technical core staff have the appropriate technical and analytical
knowledge to carry out the program in their respective roles. The
staffing pattern must include staff with experience in sales and social
marketing, behavior change and communication methodologies, and
organizational capacity building within the private sector in Africa.
The staffing organigram and roles are lean and appropriate to achieveing
the results of the program. Staffing preferably includes at least two
local-hire Kenyans. (10)

**Monitoring and Evaluation (15 points)**

The monitoring and evaluation plan includes illustrative, results-based
indicators, including input, output, and outcome measurements, a
description of the methodology to collect the data, and illustrative
targets based on information from current reports and assessments in
Kenya (cited). Methodology must indicate which indicators will be
attributable to the project, and include a strategy to assure their
attribution.

**Management & Implementation (10 points)**

The overall business plan for the management and implementation of the
project is feasible and includes a sound management and organizational
structure, coordination strategies with all relevant stakeholders (the
Kenyan partner, other private sector partners, MOH, other GOK ministries
as appropriate, USAID, DfID). The plan for developing the sustainability
and quality of the local commercial sector, including their own Kenyan
partner(s) is sound. There is a plan for rapid startup and seamless
transition from the previous social marketing program to the new one.

**Institutional Capacity & Past Performance (10 points)**

Note: Past performance information is required for the prime and major
sub-recipients. A major sub-recipient is an organization that
anticipates receiving 15% of the award from the prime. Past performance
references are not required for resource organizations or sub-recipients
that are not considered major.

Applications reflect depth and breadth of institutional capabilities
required to fulfill this scope of work. This includes good performance
on past projects in social marketing, communications as it relates to
behavior change and services, and organizational capacity building in
the private sector. Recent past performance is successful as indicated
by customer satisfaction, achievement of objectives, and
cost-effectiveness. Past performance is linked to institutional
capability and support. Three past performance references relevant to
this scope of work, are annexed and referenced in the text with current
contact information.

**C. COST EVALUATION CRITERIA**

**Cost Criteria, Cost Share, and Ranking**

Technical considerations are more important than cost. Cost criteria
will not be scored. Rather, proposed costs will be analyzed for cost
realism, reasonableness, completeness, effectiveness, and allocability.
Applications providing the best value to the Government, including cost
share, will be more favorably considered for award.

Applications will be ranked in accordance with the selection criteria
identified above. USAID reserves the right to determine the resulting
level of funding for each agreement being selected for award.

**SECTION VI -- CERTIFICATION, ASSURANCE AND OTHER STATEMENTS OF
RECIPIENT (MAY 2006)**

**Part I -- Certifications and Assurances**

**Part II -- Key Individual Certification Narcotics Offenses and Drug
Trafficking**

**Part III -- Participant Certification Narcotics Offenses and Drug
Trafficking**

**Part IV -- Certification of Compliance with the Standard Provisions**

**Entitled "Condoms" and "Prohibition on the Promotion or Advocacy**

**of the Legalization or Practice of Prostitution or Sex Trafficking."**

**Part V -- Survey on Ensuring Equal Opportunity for Applicants**

**Part VI -- Other Statements of Recipient**

**Part VII -- Special Provisions**

NOTE: When these Certifications, Assurances, and Other Statements of
Recipient are used for cooperative agreements, the term "Grant" means
"Cooperative Agreement".

## PART I - CERTIFICATIONS AND ASSURANCES

1\. ASSURANCE OF COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING
NON-DISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS

*Note: This certification applies to Non-U.S. organizations if any part
of the program will be undertaken in the United States.*

\(a\) The recipient hereby assures that no person in the United States
shall, on the bases set forth below, be excluded from participation in,
be denied the benefits of, or be otherwise subjected to discrimination
under, any program or activity receiving financial assistance from
USAID, and that with respect to the Cooperative Agreement for which
application is being made, it will comply with the requirements of:

\(1\) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Pub. L. 88-352, 42
U.S.C. 2000-d), which prohibits discrimination on the basis of race,
color or national origin, in programs and activities receiving Federal
financial assistance;

\(2\) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794),
which prohibits discrimination on the basis of handicap in programs and
activities receiving Federal financial assistance;

\(3\) The Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended (Pub. L. 95-478),
which prohibits discrimination based on age in the delivery of services
and benefits supported with Federal funds;

\(4\) Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681, et
seq.), which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education
programs and activities receiving Federal financial assistance (whether
or not the programs or activities are offered or sponsored by an
educational institution); and

\(5\) USAID regulations implementing the above nondiscrimination laws,
set forth in Chapter II of Title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

\(b\) If the recipient is an institution of higher education, the
Assurances given herein extend to admission practices and to all other
practices relating to the

treatment of students or clients of the institution, or relating to the
opportunity to participate in the provision of services or other
benefits to such individuals, and shall be applicable to the entire
institution unless the recipient establishes to the satisfaction of the
USAID Administrator that the institution\'s practices in designated
parts or programs of the institution will in no way affect its practices
in the program of the institution for which financial assistance is
sought, or the beneficiaries of, or participants in, such programs.

\(c\) This assurance is given in consideration of and for the purpose of
obtaining any and all Federal grants, loans, contracts, property,
discounts, or other Federal financial assistance extended after the date
hereof to the recipient by the Agency, including installment payments
after such date on account of applications for Federal financial
assistance which was approved before such date. The recipient recognizes
and agrees that such Federal financial assistance will be extended in
reliance on the representations and agreements made in this Assurance,
and that the United States shall have the right to seek judicial
enforcement of this Assurance. This Assurance is binding on the
recipient, its successors, transferees, and assignees, and the person or
persons whose signatures appear below are authorized to sign this
Assurance on behalf of the recipient.

1.  **Certification Regarding Lobbying**

The undersigned certifies, to the best of his or her knowledge and
belief, that:

\(1\) No Federal appropriated funds have been paid or will be paid, by
or on behalf of the undersigned, to any person for influencing or
attempting to influence an officer or employee of any agency, a Member
of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a
Member of Congress in connection with the awarding of any Federal
contract, the making of any Federal Cooperative Agreement, the making of
any Federal loan, the entering into of any cooperative agreement, and
the extension, continuation, renewal, amendment or modification of any
Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement.

\(2\) If any funds other than Federal appropriated funds have been paid
or will be paid to any person for influencing or attempting to influence
an officer or employee of any agency, a Member of Congress, an officer
or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of Congress in
connection with this Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative
agreement, the undersigned shall complete and submit Standard Form-LLL,
\"Disclosure of Lobbying Activities,\" in accordance with its
instructions.

\(3\) The undersigned shall require that the language of this
certification be included in the award documents for all subawards at
all tiers (including subcontracts, subgrants, and contracts under
grants, loans, and cooperative agreements) and that all subrecipients
shall certify and disclose accordingly.

This certification is a material representation of fact upon which
reliance was placed when this transaction was made or entered into.
Submission of this certification is a prerequisite for making or
entering into this transaction imposed by section 1352, title 31, United
States Code. Any person who fails to file the required certification
shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than \$10,000 and not
more than \$100,000 for each such failure.

**Statement for Loan Guarantees and Loan Insurance**

"The undersigned states, to the best of his or her knowledge and belief,
that: If any funds have been paid or will be paid to any person for
influencing or attempting to influence an officer or employee of any
agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an
employee of a Member of Congress in connection with this commitment
providing for the United States to insure or guarantee a loan, the
undersigned shall complete and submit Standard Form-LLL, \"Disclosure
Form to Report Lobbying,\" in accordance with its instructions.
Submission of this statement is a prerequisite for making or entering
into this transaction imposed by section 1352, title 31, U.S. Code. Any
person who fails to file the required statement shall be subject to a
civil penalty of not less than \$10,000 and not more than \$100,000 for
each such failure."

2.  **Prohibition on Assistance to Drug Traffickers for Covered
    Countries and Individuals (ADS 206)**

USAID reserves the right to terminate this Agreement, to demand a refund
or take other appropriate measures if the Grantee is found to have been
convicted of a narcotics offense or to have been engaged in drug
trafficking as defined in 22 CFR Part 140. The undersigned shall review
USAID ADS 206 to determine if any certifications are required for Key
Individuals or Covered Participants.

If there are COVERED PARTICIPANTS: USAID reserves the right to terminate
assistance to or take other appropriate measures with respect to, any
participant approved by USAID who is found to have been convicted of a
narcotics offense or to have been engaged in drug trafficking as defined
in 22 CFR Part 140.

3.  **Certification Regarding Terrorist Financing, Implementing
    Executive Order 13224**

By signing and submitting this application, the prospective recipient
provides the

certification set out below:

1\. The Recipient, to the best of its current knowledge, did not
provide, within the

previous ten years, and will take all reasonable steps to ensure that it
does not and will not knowingly provide, material support or resources
to any individual or entity that commits, attempts to commit, advocates,
facilitates, or participates in terrorist acts, or has committed,
attempted to commit, facilitated, or participated in terrorist acts, as
that term is defined in paragraph 3.

2\. The following steps may enable the Recipient to comply with its
obligations under paragraph 1:

> a\. Before providing any material support or resources to an
> individual or entity, the Recipient will verify that the individual or
> entity does not (i) appear on the master list of Specially Designated
> Nationals and Blocked Persons, which list is maintained by the U.S.
> Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) and is available
> online at OFAC's website :
> **<http://www.treas.gov/offices/eotffc/ofac/sdn/t11sdn.pdf>** , or
> (ii) is not included in any supplementary information concerning
> prohibited individuals or entities that may be provided by USAID to
> the Recipient.
>
> b\. Before providing any material support or resources to an
> individual or entity, the Recipient also will verify that the
> individual or entity has not been designated by the United Nations
> Security (UNSC) sanctions committee established under UNSC Resolution
> 1267 (1999) (the "1267 Committee") \[individuals and entities linked
> to the Taliban, Usama bin Laden, or the Al Qaida Organization\]. To
> determine whether there has been a published designation of an
> individual or entity by the 1267 Committee, the Recipient should refer
> to the consolidated list available online at the Committee's website:
> **<http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/1267/1267ListEng.htm>** .
>
> c\. Before providing any material support or resources to an
> individual or entity, the Recipient will consider all information
> about that individual or entity of which it is aware and all public
> information that is reasonably available to it or of which it should
> be aware.
>
> d\. The Recipient also will implement reasonable monitoring and
> oversight
>
> procedures to safeguard against assistance being diverted to support
> terrorist activity.

3\. For purposes of this Certification-

> a\. "Material support and resources" means currency or monetary
> instruments or
>
> financial securities, financial services, lodging, training, expert
> advice or assistance, safehouses, false documentation or
> identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal
> substances, explosives, personnel, transportation, and other physical
> assets, except medicine or religious materials."
>
> b\. "Terrorist act" means-
>
> \(i\) an act prohibited pursuant to one of the 12 United Nations
> Conventions and Protocols related to terrorism (see UN terrorism
> conventions Internet site:
> <http://untreaty.un.org/English/Terrorism.asp> or
>
> \(ii\) an act of premeditated, politically motivated violence
> perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or
> clandestine agents; or
>
> \(iii\) any other act intended to cause death or serious bodily injury
> to a civilian, or to any other person not taking an active part in
> hostilities in a situation of armed conflict, when the purpose of such
> act, by its nature or context, is to intimidate a population, or to
> compel a government or an international organization to do or to
> abstain from doing any act.
>
> c\. "Entity" means a partnership, association, corporation, or other
> organization, group or subgroup.
>
> d\. References in this Certification to the provision of material
> support and resources shall not be deemed to include the furnishing of
> USAID funds or USAID-financed commodities to the ultimate
> beneficiaries of USAID assistance, such as recipients of food, medical
> care, micro-enterprise loans, shelter, etc., unless the Recipient has
> reason to believe that one or more of these beneficiaries commits,
> attempts to commit, advocates, facilitates, or participates in
> terrorist acts, or has committed, attempted to commit, facilitated or
> participated in terrorist acts.
>
> e\. The Recipient's obligations under paragraph 1 are not applicable
> to the
>
> procurement of goods and/or services by the Recipient that are
> acquired in the ordinary course of business through contract or
> purchase, e.g., utilities, rents, office supplies, gasoline, etc.,
> unless the Recipient has reason to believe that a vendor or supplier
> of such goods and services commits, attempts to commit, advocates,
> facilitates, or participates in terrorist acts, or has committed,
> attempted to commit, facilitated or participated in terrorist acts.

This Certification is an express term and condition of any agreement
issued as a result of this application, and any violation of it shall be
grounds for unilateral termination of the agreement by USAID prior to
the end of its term.

4.  **Certification of Recipient**

By signing below the recipient provides certifications and assurances
for (1) the Assurance of Compliance with Laws and Regulations Governing
Non-Discrimination in Federally Assisted Programs, (2) the Certification
Regarding Lobbying, (3) the Prohibition on Assistance to Drug
Traffickers for Covered Countries and Individuals (ADS 206) and (4) the
Certification Regarding Terrorist Financing Implementing Executive Order
13224 above.

RFA/APS No.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Application No.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Date of Application
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Name of Recipient
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Typed Name and Title
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Signature
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Date \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Part II -- Key Individual Certification Narcotics Offenses and Drug
Trafficking**

I hereby certify that within the last ten years:

1\. I have not been convicted of a violation of, or a conspiracy to
violate, any law or regulation of the United States or any other country
concerning narcotic or psychotropic drugs or other controlled
substances.

2\. I am not and have not been an illicit trafficker in any such drug or
controlled substance.

2.  I am not and have not been a knowing assistor, abettor, conspirator,
    or colluder with others in the illicit trafficking in any such drug
    or substance.

Signature: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Date: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Title/Position: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Organization: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Address: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Date of Birth: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

NOTICE:

1\. You are required to sign this Certification under the provisions of
22 CFR Part 140, Prohibition on Assistance to Drug Traffickers. These
regulations were issued by the Department of State and require that
certain key individuals of organizations must sign this Certification.

2\. If you make a false Certification you are subject to U.S. criminal
prosecution under 18 U.S.C. 1001.

**Part III -- Participant Certification Narcotics Offenses and Drug
Trafficking**

1\. I hereby certify that within the last ten years:

a\. I have not been convicted of a violation of, or a conspiracy to
violate, any law or regulation of the United States or any other country
concerning narcotic or psychotropic drugs or other controlled
substances.

b\. I am not and have not been an illicit trafficker in any such drug or
controlled substance.

c\. I am not or have not been a knowing assistor, abettor, conspirator,
or colluder with others in the illicit trafficking in any such drug or
substance.

2\. I understand that USAID may terminate my training if it is
determined that I engaged in the above conduct during the last ten years
or during my USAID training.

Signature:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Name:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Date:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Address:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Date of Birth:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

NOTICE:

1\. You are required to sign this Certification under the provisions of
22 CFR Part 140,Prohibition on Assistance to Drug Traffickers. These
regulations were issued by the Department of State and require that
certain participants must sign this Certification.

2\. If you make a false Certification you are subject to U.S. criminal
prosecution under 18 U.S.C. 1001.

**Part IV -- Certification of Compliance with the Standard Provisions
Entitled "Condoms" and "Prohibition on the Promotion or Advocacy of the
Legalization or Practice of Prostitution or Sex Trafficking."**

*Applicability: This certification requirement only applies to the prime
recipient. Before a U.S. or non-U.S. non-governmental organization
receives FY04-FY08 HIV/AIDS funds under a grant or cooperative
agreement, such recipient must provide to the Agreement Officer a
certification substantially as follows*:

"\[Recipient\'s name\] certifies compliance as applicable with the
standard

provisions entitled "Condoms" and "Prohibition on the Promotion or
Advocacy

of the Legalization or Practice of Prostitution or Sex Trafficking"
included in

the referenced agreement."

RFA/APS No.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Application No.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Date of Application
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Name of Applicant/Subgrantee
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Typed Name and Title
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Signature \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Part V -- Survey on Ensuring Equal Opportunity for Applicants**

*Applicability: All RFA's must include the attached Survey on Ensuring
Equal Opportunity for Applicants as an attachment to the RFA package.
Applicants under unsolicited applications are also to be provided the
survey. ( While inclusion of the survey by Agreement Officers in RFA
packages is required, the applicant's completion of the survey is
voluntary, and must not be a requirement of the RFA. The absence of a
completed survey in an application may not be a basis upon which the
application is determined incomplete or non-responsive. Applicants who
volunteer to complete and submit the survey under a competitive or
non-competitive action are instructed within the text of the survey to
submit it as part of the application process.)*

**[Survey on Ensuring Equal Opportunity for Applicants]{.underline}** at
link **<http://www.usaid.gov/policy/ads/300/303sae.pdf>**

**Part VI -- Other Statements of Recipient**

**1. Authorized Individuals**

The recipient represents that the following persons are authorized to
negotiate on its behalf with the Government and to bind the recipient in
connection with this application or grant:

Name Title Telephone No. Facsimile No.

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**2. Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN)**

If the recipient is a U.S. organization, or a foreign organization which
has income effectively connected with the conduct of activities in the
U.S. or has an office or a place of business or a fiscal paying agent in
the U.S., please indicate the recipient\'s TIN:

TIN: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**3. Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) Number**

\(a\) In the space provided at the end of this provision, the recipient
should supply the Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) number
applicable to that name and address. Recipients should take care to
report the number that identifies the recipient\'s name and address
exactly as stated in the proposal.

\(b\) The DUNS is a 9-digit number assigned by Dun and Bradstreet
Information Services. If the recipient does not have a DUNS number, the
recipient should call Dun and Bradstreet directly at 1-800-333-0505. A
DUNS number will be provided immediately by telephone at no charge to
the recipient. The recipient should be prepared to provide the following
information:

> \(1\) Recipient\'s name.
>
> \(2\) Recipient\'s address.
>
> \(3\) Recipient\'s telephone number.
>
> \(4\) Line of business.
>
> \(5\) Chief executive officer/key manager.
>
> \(6\) Date the organization was started.
>
> \(7\) Number of people employed by the recipient.
>
> \(8\) Company affiliation.

\(c\) Recipients located outside the United States may obtain the
location and phone number of the local Dun and Bradstreet Information
Services office from the Internet Home Page at
http://www.dbisna.com/dbis/customer/custlist.htm. If an offeror is
unable to locate a local service center, it may send an e-mail to Dun
and Bradstreet at globalinfo@dbisma.com.

The DUNS system is distinct from the Federal Taxpayer Identification
Number (TIN) system.

DUNS:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**4. Letter of Credit (LOC) Number**

If the recipient has an existing Letter of Credit (LOC) with USAID,
please indicate the LOC number:

LOC:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**5. Procurement Information**

\(a\) Applicability. This applies to the procurement of goods and
services planned by the recipient (i.e., contracts, purchase orders,
etc.) from a supplier of goods or services for the direct use or benefit
of the recipient in conducting the program supported by the grant, and
not to assistance provided by the recipient (i.e., a subgrant or
subagreement) to a subgrantee or subrecipient in support of the
subgrantee\'s or subrecipient\'s program. Provision by the recipient of
the requested information does not, in and of itself, constitute USAID
approval.

\(b\) Amount of Procurement. Please indicate the total estimated dollar
amount of goods and services which the recipient plans to purchase under
the grant:

\$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\(c\) Nonexpendable Property. If the recipient plans to purchase
nonexpendable equipment which would require the approval of the
Agreement Officer, please indicate below (using a continuation page, as
necessary) the types, quantities of each, and estimated unit costs.
Nonexpendable equipment for which the Agreement Officer\'s approval to
purchase is required is any article of nonexpendable tangible personal
property charged directly to the grant, having a useful life of more
than one year and an acquisition cost of \$5,000 or more per unit.

TYPE/DESCRIPTION(Generic)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

QUANTITY \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

ESTIMATED UNIT COST
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\(d\) Source, Origin, and Componentry of Goods. If the recipient plans
to purchase any goods/commodities which are not of U.S. source and/or
U.S. origin, and/or does not contain at least 50% componentry, which are
not at least 50% U.S. source and origin, please indicate below (using a
continuation page, as necessary) the types and quantities of each,
estimated unit costs of each, and probable source and/or origin, to
include the probable source and/or origin of the components if less than
50% U.S. components will be contained in the commodity. \"Source\" means
the country from which a commodity is shipped to the cooperating country
or the cooperating country itself if the commodity is located therein at
the time of purchase. However, where a commodity is shipped from a free
port or bonded warehouse in the form in which received therein,
\"source\" means the country from which the commodity was shipped to the
free port or bonded warehouse. Any commodity whose source is a non-Free
World country is ineligible for USAID financing. The \"origin\" of a
commodity is the country or area in which a commodity is mined, grown,
or produced. A commodity is produced when, through manufacturing,
processing, or substantial and major assembling of components, a
commercially recognized new commodity results, which is substantially
different in basic characteristics or in purpose or utility from its
components. Merely packaging various items together for a particular
procurement or relabeling items do not constitute production of a
commodity. Any commodity whose origin is a non-Free World country is
ineligible for USAID financing. \"Components\" are the goods, which go
directly into the production of a produced commodity. Any component from
a non-Free World country makes the commodity ineligible for USAID
financing.

TYPE/DESCRIPTION
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

QUANTITY \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

ESTIMATED GOODS
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

PROBABLE GOODS
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

PROBABLE (Generic)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

UNIT COST \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

COMPONENTS \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

SOURCE \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

COMPONENTS \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

ORIGIN \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\(e\) Restricted Goods. If the recipient plans to purchase any
restricted goods, please indicate below (using a continuation page, as
necessary) the types and quantities of each, estimated unit costs of
each, intended use, and probable source and/or origin. Restricted goods
are Agricultural Commodities, Motor Vehicles, Pharmaceuticals,
Pesticides, Rubber Compounding Chemicals and Plasticizers, Used
Equipment, U.S. Government-Owned Excess Property, and Fertilizer.

TYPE/DESCRIPTION
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

QUANTITY \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

ESTIMATED \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

PROBABLE \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

INTENDED USE (Generic)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

UNIT COST \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

SOURCE \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

ORIGIN \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\(f\) Supplier Nationality. If the recipient plans to purchase any goods
or services from suppliers of goods and services whose nationality is
not in the U.S., please indicate below (using a continuation page, as
necessary) the types and quantities of each good or service, estimated
costs of each, probable nationality of each non-U.S. supplier of each
good or service, and the rationale for purchasing from a non-U.S.
supplier. Any supplier whose nationality is a non-Free World country is
ineligible for USAID financing.

TYPE/DESCRIPTION
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

QUANTITY \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

ESTIMATED \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

PROBABLE SUPPLIER
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

NATIONALITY \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

RATIONALE (Generic)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

UNIT COST (Non-US Only)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

FOR NON-US \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\(g\) Proposed Disposition. If the recipient plans to purchase any
nonexpendable equipment with a unit acquisition cost of \$5,000 or more,
please indicate below (using a continuation page, as necessary) the
proposed disposition of each such item. Generally, the recipient may
either retain the property for other uses and make compensation to USAID
(computed by applying the percentage of federal participation in the
cost of the original program to the current fair market value of the
property), or sell the property and reimburse USAID an amount computed
by applying to the sales proceeds the percentage of federal
participation in the cost of the original program (except that the
recipient may deduct from the federal share \$500 or 10% of the
proceeds, whichever is greater, for selling and handling expenses), or
donate the property to a host country institution, or otherwise dispose
of the property as instructed by USAID.

TYPE/DESCRIPTION(Generic)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

QUANTITY \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

ESTIMATED UNIT COST
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

PROPOSED DISPOSITION
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**6. Past Performance References**

On a continuation page, please provide past performance information
requested in the RFA.

**7. Type of Organization**

The recipient, by checking the applicable box, represents that -

\(a\) If the recipient is a U.S. entity, it operates as \[ \] a
corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of, \[ \] an
individual, \[ \] a partnership, \[ \] a nongovernmental nonprofit
organization, \[ \] a state or loc al governmental organization, \[ \] a
private college or university, \[ \] a public college or university, \[
\] an international organization, or \[ \] a joint venture; or

\(b\) If the recipient is a non-U.S. entity, it operates as \[ \] a
corporation organized under the laws of
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (country), \[
\] an individual, \[ \] a partnership, \[ \] a nongovernmental nonprofit
organization, \[ \] a nongovernmental educational institution, \[ \] a
governmental organization, \[ \] an international organization, or \[ \]
a joint venture.

**8. Estimated Costs of Communications Products**

The following are the estimate(s) of the cost of each separate
communications product (i.e., any printed material \[other than non-
color photocopy material\], photographic services, or video production
services) which is anticipated under the grant. Each estimate must
include all the costs associated with preparation and execution of the
product. Use a continuation page as necessary.

**PART VII -** **SPECIAL PROVISIONS**

**(A) SUPPORTING USAID'S DISABILITY POLICY IN CONTRACTS, GRANTS, AND
COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS**

[USAID Disability Policy -- Assistance (December 2004)]{.underline}

(a) The objectives of the USAID Disability Policy are (1) to enhance the
    attainment of United States foreign assistance program goals by
    promoting the participation and equalization of opportunities of
    individuals with disabilities in USAID policy, country and sector
    strategies, activity designs and implementation; (2) to increase
    awareness of issues of people with disabilities both within USAID
    programs and in host countries; (3) to engage other U.S. Government
    agencies, host country counterparts, governments, implementing
    organizations and other donors in fostering a climate of
    non-discrimination against people with disabilities; and (4) to
    support international advocacy for people with disabilities. The
    full text of the policy paper can be found at the following website:
    <http://www.usaid.gov/about/disability/DISABPOL.FIN.html>

(b) USAID therefore requires that the recipient not discriminate against
    people with disabilities in the implementation of USAID-funded
    programs and that it make every effort to comply with the objectives
    of the USAID Disability Policy in performing the program under this
    grant or cooperative agreement. To that end and to the extent it can
    accomplish this goal with the scope of the program objectives, the
    recipient should demonstrate a comprehensive and consistent approach
    for including men, women and children with disabilities. Questions
    about USAID's Disability Policy can be directed to Lynne Schaberg,
    PPC/P at 202-712-1891 or Lloyd Feinberg, DCHA/DG, 202-712-5725.

(c) USAID encourages Recipients to follow this policy to the maximum
    extent possible. By signing below, the Recipient acknowledges that
    it is aware of this policy and will apply it to the maximum extent
    practicable.

> Signature:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> Name:
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Date:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**(B) DEPARTMENT OF STATE GUIDANCE ENTITLED -- SECTION 579**

**IMPLEMENTATION -- TAXATION OF US FOREIGN ASSISTANCE**

**"Reporting of Foreign Taxes**

\(a\) Final and Interim Reports. The contractor must annually submit two
reports:

\(i\) an interim report by November 17; and

\(ii\) a final report by April 16 of the next year.

\(b\) Contents of Report. The reports must contain:

\(i\) Contractor name.

\(ii\) Contact name with phone, fax and email.

\(iii\) Contract number and task order number(s).

> \(iv\) Amount of foreign taxes assessed by a foreign government \[each
> foreign government must be listed separately\] on commodity purchase
> transactions valued at \$500 or more financed with U.S. foreign
> assistance funds under this agreement during the prior U.S. fiscal
> year. NOTE: For fiscal year 2003 only, the reporting period is
> February 20, 2003 through September 30, 2003.
>
> \(v\) Only foreign taxes assessed by the foreign government in the
> country receiving U.S. assistance is to be reported. Foreign taxes by
> a third party foreign government are not to be reported. For example,
> if an assistance program for Lesotho involves the purchase of
> commodities in South Africa using foreign assistance funds, any taxes
> imposed by South Africa would not be reported in the report for
> Lesotho (or South Africa).

\(vi\) Any reimbursements received by the Contractor during the period
in (iv) regardless of when the foreign tax was assessed plus, for the
interim report, any reimbursements on the taxes reported in (iv)
received by the recipient through October 31 and for the final report,
any reimbursements on the taxes reported in (iv) received through March
31.

\(vii\) The final report is an updated cumulative report of the interim
report.

\(viii\) Reports are required even if the contractor did not pay any
taxes during the report period.

\(ix\) Cumulative reports may be provided if the contractor is
implementing more than one program in a foreign country.

\(c\) Definitions. For purposes of this clause:

\(i\) "Agreement" includes USAID direct and country contracts, grants,
cooperative agreements and interagency agreements.

\(ii\) "Commodity" means any material, article, supply, goods, or
equipment.

\(iii\) "Foreign government" includes any foreign governmental entity.

\(iv\) "Foreign taxes" means value-added taxes and custom duties
assessed by a foreign government on a commodity. It does not include
foreign sales taxes.

\(d\) Where. Submit the reports to: Controller's Office

USAID/KENYA

Unit 64102

APO, AE 09831-4102

\(e\) Sub-agreements. The contractor must include this reporting
requirement in all applicable subcontracts, sub-grants and other
sub-agreements.

> \(f\) For further information see
> [**http://www.state.gov/m/rm/c10443.htm**
> ."](http://www.usaid.gov/cgi-bin/goodbye?http://www.state.gov/m/rm/c10443.htm)

**(C) MARKING UNDER ASSISTANCE INSTRUMENTS (AAPD 05-11, DEC 2005)**

**ATTACHMENT 1:**

**BRANDING STRATEGY - ASSISTANCE (December 2005)**

\(a\) Definitions

Branding Strategy means a strategy that is submitted at the specific
request of a USAID Agreement Officer by an Apparently Successful
Applicant after evaluation of an application for USAID funding,
describing how the program, project, or activity is named and
positioned, and how it is promoted and communicated to beneficiaries and
host country citizens. It identifies all donors and explains how they
will be acknowledged.

Apparently Successful Applicant(s) means the applicant(s) for USAID
funding recommended for an award after evaluation, but who has not yet
been awarded a grant, cooperative agreement or other assistance award by
the Agreement Officer. The Agreement Officer will request that the
Apparently Successful Applicants submit

a Branding Strategy and Marking Plan. Apparently Successful Applicant
status confers no right and constitutes no USAID commitment to an award.

USAID Identity (Identity) means the official marking for the Agency,
comprised of the USAID logo and new brandmark, which clearly
communicates that our assistance is from the American people. The USAID
Identity is available on the USAID website and is provided without
royalty, license, or other fee to recipients of USAID-funded grants or
cooperative agreements or other assistance awards or subawards.

\(b\) Submission. The Apparently Successful Applicant, upon request of
the Agreement Officer, will submit and negotiate a Branding Strategy.
The Branding Strategy will be included in and made a part of the
resulting grant or cooperative agreement. The Branding Strategy will be
negotiated within the time that the Agreement Officer

specifies. Failure to submit and negotiate a Branding Strategy will make
the applicant ineligible for award of a grant or cooperative agreement.
The Apparently Successful Applicant must include all estimated costs
associated with branding and marking USAID programs, such as plaques,
stickers, banners, press events and

materials, and the like.

\(c\) Submission Requirements

At a minimum, the Apparently Successful Applicant's Branding Strategy
will address

the following:

\(1\) Positioning

What is the intended name of this program, project, or activity?

Guidelines: USAID prefers to have the USAID Identity included as part of
the program or project name, such as a \"title sponsor,\" if possible
and appropriate. It is acceptable to \"co-brand\" the title with USAID's
and the Apparently Successful Applicant's identities. For example: \"The
USAID and \[Apparently Successful

Applicant\] Health Center.\"

If it would be inappropriate or is not possible to \"brand\" the project
this way, such as when rehabilitating a structure that already exists or
if there are multiple donors, please explain and indicate how you intend
to showcase USAID\'s involvement in publicizing the program or project.
For example: School #123,

rehabilitated by USAID and \[Apparently Successful Applicant\]/ \[other
donors\].

Note: the Agency prefers \"made possible by (or with) the generous
support of the American People\" next to the USAID Identity in
acknowledging our contribution, instead of the phrase \"funded by.\"
USAID prefers local language translations.

Will a program logo be developed and used consistently to identify this
program? If yes, please attach a copy of the proposed program logo.

Note: USAID prefers to fund projects that do NOT have a separate logo or
identity that competes with the USAID Identity.

\(2\) Program Communications and Publicity

Who are the primary and secondary audiences for this project or program?

Guidelines: Please include direct beneficiaries and any special target
segments or influencers. For Example: Primary audience: schoolgirls age
8-12, Secondary audience: teachers and parents--specifically mothers.

What communications or program materials will be used to explain or
market the program to beneficiaries?

Guidelines: These include training materials, posters, pamphlets, Public
Service Announcements, billboards, websites, and so forth.

What is the main program message(s)?

Guidelines: For example: \"Be tested for HIV-AIDS\" or \"Have your child
inoculated.\"

Please indicate if you also plan to incorporate USAID's primary message
-- this aid is \"from the American people\" -- into the narrative of
program materials. This is optional; however, marking with the USAID
Identity is required.

Will the recipient announce and promote publicly this program or project
to host country citizens? If yes, what press and promotional activities
are planned?

Guidelines: These may include media releases, press conferences, public
events, and so forth. Note: incorporating the message, "USAID from the
American People", and the USAID Identity is required.

Please provide any additional ideas about how to increase awareness that
the American people support this project or program.

Guidelines: One of our goals is to ensure that both beneficiaries and
host-country citizens know that the aid the Agency is providing is
\"from the American people.\"

Please provide any initial ideas on how to further this goal.

\(3\) Acknowledgements

Will there be any direct involvement from a host-country government
ministry? If yes, please indicate which one or ones. Will the recipient
acknowledge the ministry as an additional co-sponsor?

Note: it is perfectly acceptable and often encouraged for USAID to
\"co-brand\" programs with government ministries.

Please indicate if there are any other groups whose logo or identity the
recipient will use on program materials and related communications.

Guidelines: Please indicate if they are also a donor or why they will be
visibly acknowledged, and if they will receive the same prominence as
USAID.

\(d\) Award Criteria. The Agreement Officer will review the Branding
Strategy for adequacy, ensuring that it contains the required
information on naming and positioning the USAID-funded program, project,
or activity, and promoting and communicating it to cooperating country
beneficiaries and citizens. The Agreement

Officer also will evaluate this information to ensure that it is
consistent with the stated objectives of the award; with the Apparently
Successful Applicant's cost data submissions; with the Apparently
Successful Applicant's

project, activity, or program performance plan; and with the regulatory
requirements set out in 22 CFR 226.91. The Agreement Officer may obtain
advice and recommendations from technical experts while performing the
evaluation.

**ATTACHMENT 2:**

**MARKING PLAN -- ASSISTANCE (December 2005)**

(a)Definitions

Marking Plan means a plan that the Apparently Successful Applicant
submits at the specific request of a USAID Agreement Officer after
evaluation of an application for USAID funding, detailing the public
communications, commodities, and program materials and other items that
will visibly bear the USAID Identity. Recipients

may request approval of Presumptive Exceptions to marking requirements
in the Marking Plan.

Apparently Successful Applicant(s) means the applicant(s) for USAID
funding recommended for an award after evaluation, but who has not yet
been awarded a grant, cooperative agreement or other assistance award by
the Agreement Officer. The Agreement Officer will request that
Apparently Successful Applicants submit a

Branding Strategy and Marking Plan. Apparently Successful Applicant
status confers no right and constitutes no USAID commitment to an award,
which the Agreement Officer must still obligate.

USAID Identity (Identity) means the official marking for the Agency,
comprised of the USAID logo and new brandmark, which clearly
communicates that our assistance is from the American people. The USAID
Identity is available on the USAID website and USAID provides it without
royalty, license, or other fee to recipients of USAID funded grants,
cooperative agreements, or other assistance awards or subawards.

A Presumptive Exception exempts the applicant from the general marking
requirements for a particular USAID-funded public communication,
commodity, program material or other deliverable, or a category of
USAID-funded public communications, commodities, program materials or
other deliverables that would otherwise be

required to visibly bear the USAID Identity. The Presumptive Exceptions
are:

[Presumptive Exception (i).]{.underline} USAID marking requirements may
not apply if they would compromise the intrinsic independence or
neutrality of a program or materials where independence or neutrality is
an inherent aspect of the program and materials, such as election
monitoring or ballots, and voter information literature; political

party support or public policy advocacy or reform; independent media,
such as television and radio broadcasts, newspaper articles and
editorials; and public service announcements or public opinion polls and
surveys (22 C.F.R. 226.91(h)(1)).

[Presumptive Exception (ii).]{.underline} USAID marking requirements may
not apply if they would diminish the credibility of audits, reports,
analyses, studies, or policy recommendations whose data or findings must
be seen as independent (22 C.F.R. 226.91(h)(2)).

[Presumptive Exception (iii).]{.underline} USAID marking requirements
may not apply if they would undercut host-country government "ownership"
of constitutions, laws, regulations, policies, studies, assessments,
reports, publications, surveys or audits, public service announcements,
or other communications better positioned as "by" or "from"

a cooperating country ministry or government official (22 C.F.R.
226.91(h)(3)).

[Presumptive Exception (iv).]{.underline} USAID marking requirements may
not apply if they would impair the functionality of an item, such as
sterilized equipment or spare parts (22 C.F.R. 226.91(h)(4)).

[Presumptive Exception (v).]{.underline} USAID marking requirements may
not apply if they would incur substantial costs or be impractical, such
as items too small or otherwise unsuited for individual marking, such as
food in bulk (22 C.F.R. 226.91(h)(5)).

[Presumptive Exception (vi).]{.underline} USAID marking requirements may
not apply if they would offend local cultural or social norms, or be
considered inappropriate on such items as condoms, toilets, bed pans, or
similar commodities (22 C.F.R. 226.91(h)(6)).

[Presumptive Exception (vii]{.underline}). USAID marking requirements
may not apply if they would conflict with international law (22 C.F.R.
226.91(h)(7)).

\(b\) Submission. The Apparently Successful Applicant, upon the request
of the Agreement Officer, will submit and negotiate a Marking Plan that
addresses the details of the public communications, commodities, program
materials that will visibly bear the USAID Identity. The marking plan
will be customized for the

particular program, project, or activity under the resultant grant or
cooperative agreement. The plan will be included in and made a part of
the resulting grant or cooperative agreement. USAID and the Apparently
Successful Applicant will negotiate the Marking Plan within the time
specified by the Agreement Officer. Failure to submit and negotiate a
Marking Plan will make the applicant ineligible for award of a grant or
cooperative agreement. The applicant must include an estimate of all
costs associated with branding and marking USAID programs, such as
plaques, labels, banners, press events, promotional materials, and so
forth in the budget portion of its application. These costs are subject
to revision and negotiation with the Agreement Officer upon submission
of the Marking Plan and will be incorporated into the Total Estimated
Amount of the grant, cooperative agreement or other assistance
instrument.

\(c\) Submission Requirements. The Marking Plan will include the
following:

\(1\) A description of the public communications, commodities, and
program materials that the recipient will be produced as a part of the
grant or cooperative agreement and which will visibly bear the USAID
Identity. These include:

\(i\) program, project, or activity sites funded by USAID, including
visible infrastructure projects or other programs, projects, or
activities that are physical in nature;

\(ii\) technical assistance, studies, reports, papers, publications,
audio-visual productions, public service announcements, Web
sites/Internet activities and other promotional, informational, media,
or communications products funded by USAID;

\(iii\) events financed by USAID, such as training courses, conferences,
seminars, exhibitions, fairs, workshops, press conferences, and other
public activities; and

\(iv\) all commodities financed by USAID, including commodities or
equipment provided under humanitarian assistance or disaster relief
programs, and all other equipment, supplies and other materials funded
by USAID, and their export packaging.

\(2\) A table specifying:

\(i\) the program deliverables that the recipient will mark with the
USAID Identity,

\(ii\) the type of marking and what materials the applicant will be used
to mark the program deliverables with the USAID Identity, and

\(iii\) when in the performance period the applicant will mark the
program deliverables, and where the applicant will place the marking.

\(3\) A table specifying:

\(i\) what program deliverables will not be marked with the USAID
Identity, and

\(ii\) the rationale for not marking these program deliverables.

\(d\) Presumptive Exceptions.

\(1\) The Apparently Successful Applicant may request a Presumptive
Exception as part of the overall Marking Plan submission. To request a
Presumptive Exception, the Apparently Successful Applicant must identify
which Presumptive Exception applies, and state why, in light of the
Apparently Successful Applicant's technical proposal and in the context
of the program description or program statement in the USAID

Request For Application or Annual Program Statement, marking
requirements should not be required.

\(2\) Specific guidelines for addressing each Presumptive Exception are:

\(i\) For Presumptive Exception (i), identify the USAID Strategic
Objective, Interim Result, or program goal furthered by an appearance of
neutrality, or state why the program, project, activity, commodity, or
communication is 'intrinsically neutral.' Identify, by category or
deliverable item, examples of program materials funded under the award
for which you are seeking exception 1.

\(ii\) For Presumptive Exception (ii), state what data, studies, or
other deliverables will be produced under the USAID funded award, and
explain why the data, studies, or deliverables must be seen as credible.

\(iii\) For Presumptive Exception (iii), identify the item or media
product produced under the USAID funded award, and explain why each item
or product, or category of item and product, is better positioned as an
item or product produced by the cooperating country government.

\(iv\) For Presumptive Exception (iv), identify the item or commodity to
be marked, or categories of items or commodities, and explain how
marking would impair the item's or commodity's functionality.

\(v\) For Presumptive Exception (v), explain why marking would not be
cost-beneficial or practical.

\(vi\) For Presumptive Exception (vi), identify the relevant cultural or
social norm, and explain why marking would violate that norm or
otherwise be inappropriate.

\(vii\) For Presumptive Exception (vii), identify the applicable
international law

violated by marking.

\(3\) The Agreement Officer will review the request for adequacy and
reasonableness. In consultation with the Cognizant Technical Officer and
other agency personnel as necessary, the Agreement Officer will approve
or disapprove the requested Presumptive Exception. Approved exceptions
will be made part of the approved

Marking Plan, and will apply for the term of the award, unless provided
otherwise.

\(e\) Award Criteria: The Agreement Officer will review the Marking Plan
for adequacy and reasonableness, ensuring that it contains sufficient
detail and information concerning public communications, commodities,
and program materials that will visibly bear the USAID Identity. The
Agreement Officer will evaluate the plan to

ensure that it is consistent with the stated objectives of the award;
with the applicant's cost data submissions; with the applicant's actual
project, activity, or program performance plan; and with the regulatory
requirements of 22 C.F.R. 226.91. The Agreement Officer will approve or
disapprove any requested Presumptive

Exceptions (see paragraph (d)) on the basis of adequacy and
reasonableness. The Agreement Officer may obtain advice and
recommendations from technical experts while performing the evaluation.

**ATTACHMENT 3:**

**MARKING UNDER USAID-FUNDED ASSISTANCE INSTRUMENTS (December 2005)**

\(a\) Definitions

Commodities mean any material, article, supply, goods or equipment,
excluding recipient offices, vehicles, and non-deliverable items for
recipient's internal use, in administration of the USAID funded grant,
cooperative agreement, or other agreement or subagreement.

Principal Officer means the most senior officer in a USAID Operating
Unit in the field, e.g., USAID Mission Director or USAID Representative.
For global programs managed from Washington but executed across many
countries, such as disaster relief and assistance to internally
displaced persons, humanitarian emergencies or

immediate post conflict and political crisis response, the cognizant
Principal Officer may be an Office Director, for example, the Directors
of USAID/W/Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and Office of
Transition Initiatives. For non-presence countries, the cognizant
Principal Officer is the Senior USAID officer in a

regional USAID Operating Unit responsible for the non-presence country,
or in the absence of such a responsible operating unit, the Principal
U.S Diplomatic Officer in the non-presence country exercising delegated
authority from USAID.

Programs mean an organized set of activities and allocation of resources
directed toward a common purpose, objective, or goal undertaken or
proposed by an organization to carry out the responsibilities assigned
to it.

Projects include all the marginal costs of inputs (including the
proposed investment) technically required to produce a discrete
marketable output or a desired result (for example, services from a
fully functional water/sewage treatment facility).

Public communications are documents and messages intended for
distribution to audiences external to the recipient's organization. They
include, but are not limited to, correspondence, publications, studies,
reports, audio visual productions, and other informational products;
applications, forms, press and promotional materials used in connection
with USAID funded programs, projects or activities, including signage
and plaques; Web sites/Internet activities; and events such as training
courses, conferences, seminars, press conferences and so

forth.

Subrecipient means any person or government (including cooperating
country government) department, agency, establishment, or for profit or
nonprofit organization that receives a USAID subaward, as defined in 22
C.F.R. 226.2.

Technical Assistance means the provision of funds, goods, services, or
other foreign assistance, such as loan guarantees or food for work, to
developing countries and other USAID recipients, and through such
recipients to subrecipients, in direct support of a development
objective -- as opposed to the internal management of the foreign
assistance program.

USAID Identity (Identity) means the official marking for the United
States Agency for International Development (USAID), comprised of the
USAID logo or seal and new brandmark, with the tagline that clearly
communicates that our assistance is "from the American people." The
USAID Identity is available on the USAID website at

www.usaid.gov/branding and USAID provides it without royalty, license,
or other fee to recipients of USAID-funded grants, or cooperative
agreements, or other assistance awards

\(b\) Marking of Program Deliverables

\(1\) All recipients must mark appropriately all overseas programs,
projects, activities, public communications, and commodities partially
or fully funded by a USAID grant or cooperative agreement or other
assistance award or subaward with the USAID Identity, of a size and
prominence equivalent to or greater than the

recipient's, other donor's, or any other third party's identity or logo.

\(2\) The Recipient will mark all program, project, or activity sites
funded by USAID, including visible infrastructure projects (for example,
roads, bridges, buildings) or other programs, projects, or activities
that are physical in nature (for example, agriculture, forestry, water
management) with the USAID Identity.

The Recipient should erect temporary signs or plaques early in the
construction or implementation phase. When construction or
implementation is complete, the Recipient must install a permanent,
durable sign, plaque or other marking.

\(3\) The Recipient will mark technical assistance, studies, reports,
papers, publications, audio-visual productions, public service
announcements, Web sites/Internet activities and other promotional,
informational, media, or

communications products funded by USAID with the USAID Identity.

\(4\) The Recipient will appropriately mark events financed by USAID,
such as training courses, conferences, seminars, exhibitions, fairs,
workshops, press conferences and other public activities, with the USAID
Identity. Unless directly prohibited and as appropriate to the
surroundings, recipients should display additional materials, such as
signs and banners, with the USAID Identity. In circumstances in which
the USAID Identity cannot be displayed visually, the recipient is
encouraged otherwise to acknowledge USAID and the American people's

support.

\(5\) The Recipient will mark all commodities financed by USAID,
including commodities or equipment provided under humanitarian
assistance or disaster relief programs, and all other equipment,
supplies, and other materials funded by USAID, and their export
packaging with the USAID Identity.

\(6\) The Agreement Officer may require the USAID Identity to be larger
and more prominent if it is the majority donor, or to require that a
cooperating country government's identity be larger and more prominent
if circumstances warrant, and as appropriate depending on the audience,
program goals, and materials produced.

\(7\) The Agreement Officer may require marking with the USAID Identity
in the event that the recipient does not choose to mark with its own
identity or logo.

\(8\) The Agreement Officer may require a pre-production review of
USAID-funded public communications and program materials for compliance
with the approved Marking Plan.

\(9\) Subrecipients. To ensure that the marking requirements "flow
down\'\' to subrecipients of subawards, recipients of USAID funded
grants and cooperative agreements or other assistance awards will
include the USAID-approved marking provision in any USAID funded
subaward, as follows:

"As a condition of receipt of this subaward, marking with the USAID
Identity of a size and prominence equivalent to or greater than the
recipient's, subrecipient's, other donor's or third party's is required.
In the event the recipient chooses not to require marking with its own
identity or logo by the subrecipient, USAID may, at

its discretion, require marking by the subrecipient with the USAID
Identity."

\(10\) Any 'public communications', as defined in 22 C.F.R. 226.2,
funded by USAID, in which the content has not been approved by USAID,
must contain the following disclaimer:

"This study/report/audio/visual/other information/media product
(specify) is made possible by the generous support of the American
people through the United States Agency for International Development
(USAID). The contents are the responsibility of \[insert recipient
name\] and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the

United States Government."

\(11\) The recipient will provide the Cognizant Technical Officer (CTO)
or other USAID personnel designated in the grant or cooperative
agreement with two copies of all program and communications materials
produced under the award. In addition, the recipient will submit one
electronic or one hard copy of all final documents to

USAID's Development Experience Clearinghouse.

\(c\) Implementation of marking requirements.

\(1\) When the grant or cooperative agreement contains an approved
Marking Plan, the recipient will implement the requirements of this
provision following the approved Marking Plan.

\(2\) When the grant or cooperative agreement does not contain an
approved Marking Plan, the recipient will propose and submit a plan for
implementing the requirements of this provision within \[Agreement
Officer fill-in\] days after the effective date of this provision. The
plan will include:

\(i\) A description of the program deliverables specified in paragraph
(b) of this provision that the recipient will produce as a part of the
grant or cooperative agreement and which will visibly bear the USAID
Identity.

\(ii\) the type of marking and what materials the applicant uses to mark
the program deliverables with the USAID Identity,

\(iii\) when in the performance period the applicant will mark the
program deliverables, and where the applicant will place the marking,

\(3\) The recipient may request program deliverables not be marked with
the USAID Identity by identifying the program deliverables and providing
a rationale for not marking these program deliverables. Program
deliverables may be exempted from USAID marking requirements when:

\(i\) USAID marking requirements would compromise the intrinsic
independence or neutrality of a program or materials where independence
or neutrality is an inherent aspect of the program and materials;

\(ii\) USAID marking requirements would diminish the credibility of
audits, reports, analyses, studies, or policy recommendations whose data
or findings must be seen as independent;

\(iii\) USAID marking requirements would undercut host-country
government "ownership" of constitutions, laws, regulations, policies,
studies, assessments, reports, publications, surveys or audits, public
service announcements, or other communications better positioned as "by"
or "from" a cooperating country ministry or government official;

\(iv\) USAID marking requirements would impair the functionality of an
item;

\(v\) USAID marking requirements would incur substantial costs or be
impractical;

\(vi\) USAID marking requirements would offend local cultural or social
norms, or be considered inappropriate;

\(vii\) USAID marking requirements would conflict with international
law.

\(4\) The proposed plan for implementing the requirements of this
provision, including any proposed exemptions, will be negotiated within
the time specified by the Agreement Officer after receipt of the
proposed plan. Failure to negotiate an approved plan with the time
specified by the Agreement Officer may be considered as noncompliance
with the requirements is provision.

\(d\) Waivers.

\(1\) The recipient may request a waiver of the Marking Plan or of the
marking requirements of this provision, in whole or in part, for each
program, project, activity, public communication or commodity, or, in
exceptional circumstances, for a region or country, when USAID required
marking would pose compelling political,

safety, or security concerns, or when marking would have an adverse
impact in the cooperating country. The recipient will submit the request
through the Cognizant Technical Officer. The Principal Officer is
responsible for approvals or disapprovals of waiver requests.

\(2\) The request will describe the compelling political, safety,
security concerns, or adverse impact that require a waiver, detail the
circumstances and rationale for the waiver, detail the specific
requirements to be waived, the specific portion of the Marking Plan to
be waived, or specific marking to be waived, and include a

description of how program materials will be marked (if at all) if the
USAID Identity is removed. The request should also provide a rationale
for any use of recipient's own identity/logo or that of a third party on
materials that will be subject to the waiver.

\(3\) Approved waivers are not limited in duration but are subject to
Principal Officer review at any time, due to changed circumstances.

\(4\) Approved waivers "flow down" to recipients of subawards unless
specified otherwise. The waiver may also include the removal of USAID
markings already affixed, if circumstances warrant.

\(5\) Determinations regarding waiver requests are subject to appeal to
the Principal Officer's cognizant Assistant Administrator. The recipient
may appeal by submitting a written request to reconsider the Principal
Officer's waiver determination to the cognizant Assistant Administrator.

\(e\) Non-retroactivity. The requirements of this provision do apply to
any materials, events, or commodities produced prior to January 2, 2006.
The requirements of this provision do not apply to program, project, or
activity sites funded by USAID, including visible infrastructure
projects (for example, roads, bridges, buildings) or other programs,
projects, or activities that are physical in nature (for example,
agriculture, forestry, water management) where the construction and
implementation of these are complete prior to January 2, 2006 and the
period of the grant does not extend past January 2, 2006.

**ATTACHMENTS**

1\. Mandatory Standard Provisions for U.S. Nongovernmental recipients
can be accessed through USAID's website
<http://www.usaid.gov/policy/ads/300/refindx3.htm>

Mandatory Standard Provisions for Non-U.S., Nongovernmental recipients
can be accessed through USAID's website
<http://www.usaid.gov/policy/ads/300/refindx3.htm>

Marking Under Assistance Instruments (AAPD 05-11) can be accessed
through USAID's website

http://www.usaid.gov/business/business_opportunities/cib/pdf/aapd05_11.pdf

**2. SF 424 Application For Federal Assistance Website: This form can be
downloaded on USAID website at**:
[**http://www.usaid.gov/procurement_bus_opp/procurement/forms**](http://www.usaid.gov/procurement_bus_opp/procurement/forms).

**3. List of Acronyms (Next Page)**

**ATTACHMENT 3 - LIST OF ACRONYMS**

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 75%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">AAPD</td>
<td colspan="9"><blockquote>
<p>Acquisition and Assistance Policy Directive</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">APHIA II</td>
<td colspan="9">AIDS Population and Health Integrated Assistance</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">ART</td>
<td colspan="2">Anti-retroviral therapy</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">ARV</td>
<td colspan="2">Anti-retroviral drugs</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">BCC</td>
<td colspan="4">Behavior Change and Communication</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">BCC/IEC</td>
<td colspan="4">Behavior Change and Communication/Information,
Education, Communication</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">CBO</td>
<td colspan="4">Community-Based Organization</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">CCC</td>
<td colspan="7">Comprehensive Care Center (includes ART)</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">CDC</td>
<td colspan="7">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">CFR</td>
<td colspan="4">Combined Federal Regulations</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">CPR</td>
<td colspan="4">Contraceptive Prevalence Rate</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">CS</td>
<td colspan="2">Child Survival (funds)</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">CT</td>
<td colspan="4">Counseling and Testing (either voluntary or
diagnostic)</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">DDCs</td>
<td colspan="4">District Development Committees</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">DfID</td>
<td colspan="9">Department for International Development (British
Aid)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">DHMT</td>
<td colspan="4">District Health Management Team</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">DHS</td>
<td colspan="4">Demographic and Health Survey</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">DOD</td>
<td colspan="2">Department of Defense (US)</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">EPI</td>
<td colspan="4">Expanded Program of Immunization</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">FAA</td>
<td colspan="7">Foreign Assistance Act (from US Congress)</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">FBO</td>
<td colspan="2">Faith-Based Organization</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">FP</td>
<td>Family Planning</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">GBV</td>
<td colspan="2">Gender-Based Violence</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">GHAI</td>
<td colspan="4">Global HIV/AIDS Initiative (funds)</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">GOK</td>
<td colspan="2">Government of Kenya</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">HBC</td>
<td>Home-Based Care</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">HIV+</td>
<td>HIV-positive</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">IPT</td>
<td colspan="7">Intermittent Presumptive Treatment (of malaria)</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">ITN</td>
<td colspan="2">Insecticide Treated Net</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">IUCD</td>
<td colspan="4">Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">KDHS</td>
<td colspan="7">Kenya Demographic and Health Survey</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">KEMSA</td>
<td colspan="4">Kenya Medical Supply Agency</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">KHPF</td>
<td colspan="4">Kenya Health Policy Framework</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">KHSSP II</td>
<td colspan="4">Kenya Health Sector Strategic Plan</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">KMTC</td>
<td colspan="4">Kenya Medical Training College</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">KNASP</td>
<td colspan="4">Kenya National AIDS Strategic Plan</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">KSPA</td>
<td colspan="7">Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">M&amp;E</td>
<td colspan="2">Monitoring and Evaluation</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">MCH</td>
<td colspan="2">Maternal and Child Health</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">MDGs</td>
<td colspan="4">Millennium Development Goals</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">MOH</td>
<td>Ministry of Health</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">NACC</td>
<td colspan="4">National AIDS Control Council</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">NCAPD</td>
<td colspan="10">National Coordinating Agency for Population and
Development</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">NGO</td>
<td colspan="4">Non-Governmental Organization</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">NICRA</td>
<td colspan="7">Negotiated Indirect Cost Rate Agreement</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">OC</td>
<td colspan="2">Oral Contraceptives</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">OI</td>
<td colspan="2">Opportunistic Infection</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">OPH</td>
<td colspan="7">Office of Population and Health (USAID/Kenya)</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">OVC</td>
<td colspan="4">Orphans and Vulnerable Children</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">PAC</td>
<td colspan="2">Post-Abortion Care</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">PEP</td>
<td colspan="4">Presumptive Intermittent Treatment</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">PEPFAR</td>
<td colspan="9">President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Response (US)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">PHMT</td>
<td colspan="4">Provincial Health Management Team</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">PLWA</td>
<td colspan="2">People living with HIV/AIDS</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">PMO</td>
<td colspan="2">Provincial Medical Office</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">PMTCT</td>
<td colspan="9">Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (of HIV)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">RFA</td>
<td colspan="2">Request for Applications</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">RH</td>
<td colspan="2">Reproductive Health</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">RH/FP</td>
<td colspan="4">Reproductive Health and Family Planning</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">STI</td>
<td colspan="2">Sexually Transmitted Infection</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">SWAp</td>
<td colspan="2">Sector-Wide Approach</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">TB</td>
<td>Tuberculosis</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">TFR</td>
<td>Total Fertility Rate</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">UNAIDS</td>
<td colspan="4">United Nations AIDS Foundation</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">UNICEF</td>
<td colspan="4">United Nations International Children's Fund</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">USAID</td>
<td colspan="4">United States Agency for International Development</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">USG</td>
<td colspan="2">United States Government</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">USP</td>
<td colspan="4">Uniformed Services Program</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">VCT</td>
<td colspan="4">Voluntary Counseling and Testing</td>
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>