Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 3/17/2004

**GAIN Report Number:** TU4008

**Turkey**

**Exporter Guide**

**Annual**

**2004**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Jim Higgiston, Agricultural Counselor

U.S. Embassy

**Prepared by:**

Robert Hanson, Agricultural Attache and Staff

**Report Highlights:**

The Turkish market for consumer food items poses many challenges to the
U.S. exporter. A large and growing population is rapidly changing its
consumption patterns while maintaining many traditions as well. Still,
the vast majority of consumers shop predominantly for locally produced
fresh and non-processed ingredients. Historically, there have been more
opportunities for U.S. exports of bulk commodities than for high-value
products. Opportunities for exporting high-value products are limited by
restrictive non-tariff barriers, high tariffs, and competition from
domestic and European producers.

Includes PSD Changes: No

Includes Trade Matrix: No

Annual Report

Ankara \[TU1\]

\[TU\]

**SECTION I. Market Overview**

I.1. Economic Situation

Turkey's economy -- as its culture - is a blend of both the modern and
traditional. Turkey has a vibrant private sector although the government
still plays a major role in many areas including transportation,
communication and agriculture. Turkey's GNP grew by about 8 percent in
2003 with year-end inflation falling to just over 20 percent, down from
around 35 percent in 2002. This is significantly lower than the average
inflation rate during the last 10 years. Unemployment, however, remains
high at over 10 percent.

Agriculture accounts for approximately 12 percent of GNP. The industrial
and service sectors account for 24 and 64 percent of GNP respectively,
at current prices. The food and beverage sector accounts for over 10
percent of the manufacturing industry. The textile and apparel industry
continues to be one of Turkey's most important sectors.

The EU is Turkey's main market accounting for about 50 percent of all
exports. In 2003, Turkey exported USD 47 billion worth of goods, mainly
consumer and semi-manufactured products. Turkey exported about USD 3.8
billion in agricultural products in 2002 with about 45 percent going to
the European Union. Turkey's main agricultural exports are fresh fruits,
vegetables, tree nuts (mainly hazelnuts and pistachios), dried fruits
(mainly raisins and figs), cereal products (mainly wheat flour and
pasta), tobacco and tomato paste.

In 2002, Turkey imported about USD 3.4 billion in agricultural products,
up over 20 percent from 2001. The United States is the largest single
exporter of agricultural products to Turkey with a market share of over
20 percent. One-third of all U.S. exports to Turkey are agricultural
products. Turkey's main agricultural imports include cotton, soybeans,
soybean meal, vegetable oils, tobacco, corn, tallow, and rice. In 2003,
U.S. food and agricultural exports to Turkey reached a record of over
USD 900 million, after falling below USD 600 million due to the economic
crisis in 2001.

U.S. agriculture exports have benefited significantly from Turkey's
return to economic growth. The United States supplies predominantly bulk
commodities, which are key inputs to many of Turkey's important
industries.

I.2. Demographic Developments

Turkey has a population of about 71 million with an annual growth rate
of 1.58 percent. Fifty percent of Turkey's population is under the age
25. Over the past 30 years, Turkey's population has shifted to urban
areas, however 40 percent of all Turks still live in rural settings.
Unemployment continues to be a serious problem, running over 10 percent.

I.3. Consumer Buying Habits

Turkey has a USD 23 billion food market and its retail food sector
continues to grow and modernize. However, only a small segment of the
population can afford to shop in modern retail outlets. Although some
supermarkets and hypermarkets exist in large cities such as Istanbul,
Izmir and Ankara, the majority of Turks continue to buy food products
from small, specialized neighborhood outlets. The vast majority of
products available are produced locally using local ingredients, and
while Turkish consumers spend close to 50 percent of their income on
food, much of it is non-processed.

I.4. The market for U.S. products

Historically, export opportunities have been better for U.S. bulk
commodities such as soybeans, soybean meal, vegetable oils, corn and
cotton than for high-valued products. High tariffs, non-tariff barriers
and competition from domestic industries and Europe has limited U.S.
access to this market U.S. processed food exports to Turkey include
condiments and Tex-Mex products.

The following is a summary of the advantages and challenges facing U.S.
exporters in Turkey.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Advantages**                      **Challenges**
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  Change in retailing structure has   It is hard to compete with locally
  opened new areas for branded import produced items. The Customs Union
  items.                              with the EU created an advantage
                                      for EU imports to Turkey.

  Some U.S. products (mainly bulk and There is significant tariff and
  intermediate commodities) are       non-tariff protection for locally
  better priced than local products.  produced foods and agricultural
                                      products.

  U.S. products have a good image in  There are high import duties on
  Turkey and Turkish consumers        particular products. (Between 12%
  welcome U.S. tastes.                to 240% on bulk agricultural
                                      commodity products and 6% to 140%
                                      on processed food products)

  International retailers who market  There is a well‑developed local
  a wide range of imported products   food‑processing sector supplying
  in the sector have great influence  most product segments in the
  on purchasing patterns.             marketplace.

  There is a growing demand for       US food products are weakly
  specialized products such as        promoted in Turkey. Competition for
  diabetic and diet foods,            shelf space has led to high costs
  ready‑to‑eat foods and frozen food, for introducing new products.
  which are mostly imported.          
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**SECTION II: Exporter Business Tips**

II.1. Local Business Customs/Practices

A visitor to Turkey can see the 'modern', the 'ancient' and the
'traditional' all wrapped into one as East literally meets West.
Business practices in Turkey can be considered very 'Western' or
'European' on the surface, but important cultural complexities exist.
For those who plan on working in, or supplying to this market, it is
advisable to read up on modern Turkish culture and business practices.

Personal contact is still very important for most if not all business
transactions. In addition to building trust in relationships,
establishing a personal relationship with the importer can assist the
exporter in meeting the sometimes-daunting documentation requirements.
Many importers and distributors prefer direct contacts with suppliers
and exporters as there is a feeling that agents and middlemen complicate
transactions, lower profits and provide more competition by selling to
others.

In general, Turks are usually not as direct as Americans. They generally
avoid confrontation.

Criticism is often approached in an indirect manner.

Many importers and distributors also like to identify and import unique
products that are not currently available on the market. Non-responsive
agents who have been assigned to the region by large food manufacturers
have frustrated a number of importers in Turkey.

II.2. Consumer Tastes and Preferences

On one hand, Turkish tastes and preferences are very conservative.
Fast-food restaurants, as well as most Turkish restaurants specialize in
traditional dishes, the most common of which is kebabs (of which there
are several varieties) served with french fries and bulgur or rice.
Outside of Istanbul and Ankara, or the tourist destinations of Izmir,
Antalya and Bodrum, it is hard to find any foreign influence in the
cuisine. On the other hand, the demographics in Turkey are driving many
changes. Turkey has a large and young population with rising income
levels (especially in urban areas). Increased foreign travel by Turks
and by tourists to Turkey is also stimulating significant changes in the
attitudes and consumption patterns. Moreover, rapid urbanization and the
growing numbers of two-income families are increasing the demand for
processed foods.

Consumer expectations have also changed significantly. Faced with an
increasingly diverse range of products, quality and price, consumers
have become more demanding. In response to changing consumer
expectations, large food retailers, especially international companies,
are demanding higher quality standards from Turkish food manufacturers,
which has led to new investments and improvements within the processing
sector. Consumers in larger cities are more aware of international
trends, have higher disposable incomes, and have automobiles to reach
large warehouse‑sized stores. Middle and upper‑middle income shoppers
are drawn to larger stores, especially if they provide imported and
specialty items.

The rapid change in consumption patterns has led Turkish food processors
to invest in ready-to-eat meals and frozen food products as well. There
are about twenty companies that are in the frozen food and ready-to-eat
meal market today with many diverse products. One of the biggest canned
tomato paste manufacturers is planning to invest in the production of
ready-to-eat meals.

II.3. Food Standards & Regulations

All food and food imports in Turkey are regulated by three laws, which
were developed in accordance with the Codex Alimentarus, EU food
regulations and WTO requirements. All packaged food imports require a
license (registration) number from the General Directorate of Protection
and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Products are
inspected at point-of-entry, as well as wholesale and retail levels. The
process can be very confusing at times, as the Ministry of Agriculture,
the Ministry of Health, and local municipalities all have overlapping
areas of responsibility. Working with a reputable importer will help to
sort out any conflicting problems.

Imported food may arrive in its original packaging but must have a
permanent label in Turkish affixed prior to sale. Foods, food additives
and flavoring all have separate labeling requirements. Turkish
regulations have nine standards for food grade packaging materials
although the size and types of packaging is flexible.

The Turkish Patent and Trademark Institute is responsible for
registering trademarks. The process takes about six months and costs
approximately \$250. New laws on copyright registration and trademarks
have grown exponentially since 1995 in Turkey, in anticipation of EU
accession. However, limited staffing and funding limits the government's
ability to monitor compliance.

For a more detailed description of Turkey's food regulatory system,
please refer to FAS Ankara Report TU3008 available on the FAS website
[www.fas.usda.gov.]{.underline}

II.4. Import Process

In order to import any food product to Turkey, an importer must first
submit a written application to the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture
(MARA), General Directorate of Protection and Control. Attached to the
application letter must be the following documents:

1\. A completed import permit form obtained from MARA/Protection and
Control;

2\. A Proforma Invoice;

3\. An Analysis Report providing physical, chemical, microbiological and
heavy metal specifications of the product imported. Frozen seafood is
exempt from this requirement. A dioxin-free certificate is also required
from all countries.

4\. For consumer-ready products, a sanitary or phytosanitary certificate
from a government food inspection agency of the country of origin
stating that the product meets the phytosanitary requirements of the
importing country, is fit for human consumption and is freely marketed
in the country of origin;

5\. A sample of the Turkish label for the product.

6\. For alcohol products, a "distribution certificate" provided by the
producer's company to the importer and/or distributor indicating that
the Turkish company is authorized to market and deliver the product in
Turkey;

7\. For "special" foods such as diet foods, foods for diabetics,
vitamins, baby foods, etc. the importer must provide a written
declaration that he will not advertise the foodstuff in such a way as to
mislead the consumer.

The importer will normally receive written approval along with an import
permit from the Ministry of Agriculture within one or two weeks.

II.5. Customs Process

Importers need to present an approved import license, bill of lading,
certificate of origin, sanitary or phyto-sanitary certificate, the
analysis report (physical, chemical, etc.) and other standard import
documents to Customs upon entry of the product. The Ministry of
Agriculture officials take samples for testing to confirm the analysis
report with results generally available in two to three days. Bulk or
semi-processed commodities are subject to further checks for compliance
with either the plant quarantine law or the animal health law.

**Section III: Market Sector Structure and Trends**

III.1. Retail Food Sector

Although the number of large retail outlets in Turkey is growing, the
majority of consumers do not shop in these stores due to low incomes and
high prices. Industry sources estimate that only five to seven million
people do the majority of their shopping in modern retail outlets. Food
prices in Turkey, especially for imported processed goods, are extremely
high. For example, beef prices are higher in Turkey than they are in
Switzerland. High tariff protection applies to processed food products
with tariffs ranging up to 227.5 percent. The average per capita income
in Turkey is about USD 2,500 per year (2002), which significantly limits
the purchasing power of the majority of Turks.

The structure of the retail sector is significantly influenced by the
type of food consumed by the majority of the population. For low-income
groups, it is estimated that 55 percent of the diet is made up of bread
with additional 15 percent made up of rice, potatoes and pasta products.
For the entire population, processed foods make up only about 15 to 20
percent of consumption. Thus, the share of hypermarkets in the overall
food retail market is still low but increasing gradually. Industry
sources estimate that hypermarkets controlled approximately 9.5 percent
of the retail market in 2002, up from 6.5 percent in 1999. This share is
expected to reach 12 percent by the end of 2004. For a more detailed
description of Turkey's retail food market, please refer to FAS Ankara
Report TU4005 available on the FAS website
[www.fas.usda.gov.]{.underline}

III.2. Food Processing Sector

Turkey with its rich agricultural base has a highly developed
food‑processing industry. According to the 1998 census there are 24,308
food-processing firms in Turkey. Most are small to medium sized
enterprises. About 4,000 of these firms use modern technology for
production and quality control.

In 2000 processed foods expenditures were estimated at \$18.7 billion
down from \$20 billion in 1998 due to a drastic devaluation of Turkish
Lira. The size of the sector decrease in 2001 but has recovered in 2002
and 2003. Annual expenditures on processed food items still only amounts
to about USD 300 per person. Large food processors prefer to purchase
locally or import their food supplies directly most of the time.
However, small to medium sized processors get in contact with importers,
brokers, and/or wholesalers. Often times, an importer also acts as a
wholesaler.

For a more detailed description of Turkey's food processing sector,
please refer to FAS Ankara Report TU2047 available on the FAS website
[www.fas.usda.gov.]{.underline}

III.3. HRI Food Service

The changing demographics in Turkey have brought the rapid development
of two niche sectors -- fast-food and institutional food service. There
are about 50,000 restaurants in Turkey. Restaurants comprise the leading
market segment in the food service sector, accounting in 2001 for 44% of
total food service sales ‑ 85% in food and 15% in beverages. It is a
large category covering all outlets from traditional kebab & pide
(similar to pizza) houses to luxurious restaurants offering a wide
variety of international dishes.

Luxury restaurants comprise the main market for imported food &
beverages, but only 5-10% of the total restaurant market. Traditional
restaurants, which are open for lunch as well as dinner and often serve
wine, beer and alcohol, are estimated to have over fifty percent of
total restaurant sales. Their use of imported food & beverages is
negligible, as high prices (as a result of high tariffs) are a major
deterrent to most independent restauranteurs. Fast-food restaurants
comprise the remainder of the restaurant sector, and can be divided into
two main sub sectors - modern and traditional. Traditional fast food
comprises of small take-out restaurants specializing in kebabs and other
local dishes that are sold at low prices for stand-up or take away
customers. The modern fast-food sector is comprised of McDonalds and
other international and local chains serving salads, sandwiches,
hamburgers, chicken and pizza. This sub sector is located predominantly
in larger urban areas. An average 10% growth rate is expected in
restaurant food service for the next five years.

Foreign restaurants procure their imported items either through
importers or wholesalers. A few international chains, like TGI Fridays,
import directly. The main import items are wine, beer, fish products,
specialty cheeses, sauces and pastry, and staple items like corn, rice,
etc. when domestic supplies are not appropriate.

Fast food chains are a relatively new concept in Turkey having begun
only 15 years ago. Turkey\'s fast food market reached about USD 750
million in 2000 but is estimated to have decreased about 25 percent in
2001. The sector is expected to grow again beginning in 2002. Currently
there are 20 fast food chains with a total of 650 outlets. The great
majority (about 75%) of them are located in big cities.

In the 1980s, institutional food services began emerging in Turkey to
supply food to cafeterias in factories, schools, hospitals, private
companies, and public sector organizations. The institutional food
service sector developed rapidly, accounting for 29% of the overall HRI
sector in 2001. There are about 2,700 food service enterprises in
Istanbul alone and the total for Turkey is estimated more than 5,000.
The hotel sector has about a 20% market share of total food service
sales. It is expected that between 2001-2005 the growth in hotel and
resorts food service could increase by 15-20% per year, paralleling the
anticipated growth in the tourism sector from \$9.5 billon in 2001 to
\$15-20 billon in 2005.

For more information on this sector, please refer to FAS Ankara report
TU2012 available at the FAS website [www.fas.usda.gov.]{.underline}

**Section IV: Best High-Value Product Prospects**

The best high-valued products for the imported food market (retail) are
internationally recognized branded food products. These types of
products in general accounted for 30 percent of overall imported food
products. These include cocoa and instant coffee, chocolate and
confectionary goods, cookies and crackers, breakfast cereal, cheese,
alcoholic beverages, sauces and pet foods.

**Section VI: Key Contacts and Further Information**

+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| **Organization**  | **Contact  | **Address**     | **P    | **Fax** |
|                   | Name**     |                 | hone** |         |
+===================+============+=================+========+=========+
| The Union of      | Mr. Rifat  | Ataturk Bulvari | 9      | 90-312- |
| Chambers of       | Hisa       | 149             | 0-312- |         |
| Commerce,         | rciklioglu |                 |        | 4       |
| Industry,         |            | Bakanliklar     | 41     | 18-3268 |
| Maritime Trade    | Chairman   |                 | 7-7700 |         |
| And Commodity     |            | Ankara, Turkey  |        |         |
| Exchanges of      |            |                 | 9      |         |
| Turkey/ *Turkiye  |            |                 | 0-312- |         |
| Odalar ve         |            |                 |        |         |
| Borsalar Birligi  |            |                 | 41     |         |
| (TOBB)*           |            |                 | 3-8022 |         |
|                   |            |                 | (d     |         |
|                   |            |                 | irect) |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Ankara Chamber of | Mr. Sinan  | Eskisehir Yolu  | 9      | 90-312- |
| Commerce /        | Aygun      | Uzeri, II.      | 0-312- |         |
| *Ankara Ticaret   |            | Cadde No.5      |        | 2       |
| Odasi*            |            |                 | 28     | 86-2764 |
|                   |            | 06530 Sogutozu  | 5-7950 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Ankara, Turkey  | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-312- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 28     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 5-7954 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Ankara Chamber of | Mr. Zafer  | Ataturk Bulvari | 9      | 90-312- |
| Industry/ *Ankara | Caglayan   | 193/4           | 0-312- |         |
| Sanayi Odasi*     |            |                 |        | 4       |
|                   |            | 06680           | 41     | 17-2060 |
|                   |            | Kavaklidere     | 7-1200 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 90-312- |
|                   |            | Ankara, Turkey  | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-312- | 4       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 17-5205 |
|                   |            |                 | 41     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 7-1204 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Chamber of Marine | Mr. Metin  | Meclisi Mebusan | 9      | 90-212- |
| Trade/ *Deniz     | Kalkavan   | Cad., 22        | 0-212- |         |
| Ticaret Odasi*    |            |                 |        | 2       |
|                   |            | 34427           | 25     | 93-7935 |
|                   |            | Salipazari      | 2-0130 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 90-212- |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | pbx    |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 43-5498 |
|                   |            |                 |        | (       |
|                   |            |                 |        | direct) |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Istanbul Chamber  | Mr. Tanil  | Mesrutiyet      | 9      | 90-212- |
| of Industry /     | Kucuk      | Cad., 118,      | 0-212- |         |
| *Istanbul Sanayi  |            | 34430           |        | 2       |
| Odasi*            | Chairman   |                 | 25     | 49-3963 |
|                   |            | Tepebasi        | 2-2900 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | pbx    |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Istanbul Chamber  | Mr. Mehmet | Resadiye Cad.,  | 9      | 90-212- |
| of Commerce /     | Yildirim   |                 | 0-212- |         |
| *Istanbul Ticaret |            | 34112, Eminonu  |        | 5       |
| Odasi*            | Chairman   |                 | 45     | 13-1565 |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 5-6000 |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Aegean Chamber of | Mr. Kemal  | Cumhuriyet      | 9      | 90-232- |
| Industry / *Ege   | Colakoglu  | Bulvari 63      | 0-232- |         |
| Bolgesi Sanayi    |            |                 |        | 4       |
| Odasi*            | Assembly   | 35210 Pasaport  | 44     | 83-9937 |
|                   | President  |                 | 1-0909 |         |
|                   |            | Izmir, Turkey   |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| SET-BIR (Union Of | Prof. Dr.  | Mebusevleri     | 90-    | 9       |
| Dairy Producers)  | Erkan      | Mah. Ayten Sok. | 312-21 | 0-312-2 |
|                   | Benli,     | No. 27/8,       | 2-7902 | 12-3662 |
|                   | Secretary  | Tandogan 06580, |        |         |
|                   | General    | Ankara          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| BESD-BIR (Union   | Kemal      | Cetin Emec      | 90-    | 9       |
| of Poultry        | Akman,     | Blv.,           | 312-47 | 0-312-4 |
| Producers)        | Chairman   |                 | 2-7788 | 72-7789 |
|                   |            | 8\. Cad.        |        |         |
|                   |            | No.4/6,         |        |         |
|                   |            | Ovecler, Ankara |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish Flour     | Mr. Ilker  | Selanik Cad.    | 9      | 9       |
| Millers           | Tanik,     | No. 82/30,      | 0-312- | 0-312-4 |
| Association/      | Secretary  | Kizilay, Ankara | 41     | 17-5358 |
| *Turkiye Un       | General    |                 | 7-5357 |         |
| Sanayicileri      |            |                 |        |         |
| Birligi*          |            |                 |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish Feed      | Mr. Ulku   | Cetin Emec      | 90-    | 9       |
| Millers           | Karakus,   | Blv.,           | 312-47 | 0-312-4 |
| Association/      | President  |                 | 2-8320 | 72-8323 |
| *Turkiye Yem      |            | 2\. Cad.,       |        |         |
| Sanayicileri      |            | No.38/7,        |        |         |
| Birligi*          |            | Ovecler,        |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Dikmen-Ankara   |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish Seed      | Mr. Ayhan  | Tuna Cad.       | 90-    | 9       |
| Industry          | Elci,      | No.14/14,       | 312-43 | 0-312-4 |
| Association/      | Secretary  | Yenisehir,      | 2-0050 | 32-0050 |
| *Turkiye          | General    | Ankara          |        |         |
| Tohumcular        |            |                 | 90-    |         |
| Birligi*          |            |                 | 312-43 |         |
|                   |            |                 | 2-2650 |         |
|                   |            |                 | (d     |         |
|                   |            |                 | irect) |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Union of Pasta    | Mr. Ergin  | Cinnah Cad. No. | 90-    | 9       |
| Producers/        | Erzurumlu, | 59/5, Cankaya,  | 312-44 | 0-312-4 |
| *Makarna          | Secretary  | Ankara          | 1-5547 | 38-3433 |
| Sanayicileri      | General    |                 |        |         |
| Dernegi*          |            |                 |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Foreign Economic  | Mr. Rifat  | Top Plaza       | 9      | 90-212- |
| Relations Board / | Hisa       | Talatpasa Cad., | 0-212- |         |
| *Dis Ekonomik     | rciklioglu | No.3, Gultepe   |        | 2       |
| Iliskiler         |            |                 | 24     | 43-4184 |
| Kurulu - DEIK*    | Chairman   | Levent          | 3-4180 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish-American  | Mr. Zeynel | Buyukdere Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Business          | Abidin     | Tankaya Apt.,   | 0-212- |         |
| Association /     | Erdem      | No.18, Kat:7,   |        | 2       |
| *Turk-Amerikan    |            | Daire:20,       | 29     | 91-0645 |
| Isadamlari        | Chairman   |                 | 1-0916 |         |
| Dernegi*          |            | Sisli, 34360    |        | 90-212- |
|                   |            |                 | 9      |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,Turkey | 0-212- | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 91-0647 |
|                   |            |                 | 29     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 1-0917 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish           | Mr. Omer   | Mesrutiyet      | 9      | 9       |
| Industrialists    | Sabanci    | Cad., No.74     | 0-212- | 0-212-2 |
| and Businessmen   |            |                 |        | 49-0913 |
| Assn./ *Turk      | Chairman   | 80050 Tepebasi  | 24     |         |
| Sanayicileri ve   |            |                 | 9-5448 | 90-212- |
| Isadamlari        |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
| Dernegi- TUSIAD*  |            | Turkey          | 9      | 2       |
|                   |            |                 | 0-212- | 49-1350 |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 24     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 9-0723 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-212- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 24     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 9-1929 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Assn. Of Bursa    | Mr. Ali    | Kultur Park Ici | 9      | 90-224- |
| Industrialists &  | Ihsan      |                 | 0-224- |         |
| Businessmen /     | Yesilova   | Arkeoloji       |        | 2       |
| *Bursa Sanayici   |            | Muzesi Yani,    | 23     | 35-2350 |
| ve Isadamlari     |            | 16080           | 3-5018 |         |
| Dernegi- BUSIAD*  |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Bursa, Turkey   |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Assn. Of Foreign  | Mr. Saban  | Barbaros        | 9      | 90-212  |
| Capital           | Erdikler   | Bulvari         | 0-212- |         |
| Coordination /    |            | Murbasan Sok.,  |        | 2       |
| *Yabanci Sermaye  | Chairman   | Koza Is Merkezi | 27     | 74-6664 |
| Koordinasyon      |            |                 | 2-5094 |         |
| Dernegi-YASED*    |            | B-Blok, Kat:1   |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | 34349 Besiktas  |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Independent       | Mr. Ali    | Mecidiye Cad.,  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Industrialists    | Bayramoglu | No.7/50         | 0-212- |         |
| and Businessmen's |            |                 |        | 2       |
| Assn./ *Mustakil  | Chairman   | Cansizoglu Is   | 213    | 13-7890 |
| Sanayici ve       |            | Merkezi, 34387, | -6100/ |         |
| Isadamlari        |            | Mecidiyekoy,    | 2      | 90-212- |
| Dernegi -MUSIAD*  |            | Sisli           | lines  |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 2       |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        | 16-0142 |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| The Banks         | Mr. Ersin  | Nispetiye Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Association of    | Ozince     | Akmerkez B3     | 0-212- |         |
| Turkey / *Turkiye |            | Blok, Kat:13-14 |        | 2       |
| Bankalar Birligi* | Chairman   |                 | 28     | 82-0946 |
|                   |            | 80630 Etiler    | 2-0973 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 90-212- |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 9      |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          | 0-212- | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 82-0947 |
|                   |            |                 | 28     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 2-0988 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish           | Mr. Halil  | Meclisi Mebusan | 9      | 90-212- |
| Industrial        | Eroglu     | Cad., 161       | 0-212- |         |
| Development Bank  |            |                 |        | 3       |
| / *Turkiye Sinai  | Chairman   | 34427 Findikli  | 33     | 34-5088 |
| Kalkinma Bankas   |            |                 | 4-5050 |         |
| A.S.i-TSKB*       |            | Istanbul,       |        | and     |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 43-2975 |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Union of Turkish  | Mr. Semsi  | GMK Bulvari     | 9      | 90-312- |
| Agricultural      | Bayraktar  |                 | 0-312- |         |
| Chambers /        |            | No:25           |        | 2       |
| *Turkiye Ziraat   | Chairman   |                 | 23     | 31-7627 |
| Odalari Birligi*  |            | Demirtepe       | 1-6300 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Ankara, Turkey  |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Chamber of        | Mr. Gokhan | Karanfil Sok.,  | 9      | 90-312- |
| Agricultural      | Gunaydin   | 28/12 Kizilay   | 0-312- |         |
| Engineers /       |            |                 |        | 4       |
| *Ziraat           | President  | Ankara, Turkey  | 41     | 18-5198 |
| Muhendisleri      |            |                 | 8-5597 |         |
| Odasi*            |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-312- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 42     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 5-0555 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Chamber of Forest | Mr. Salih  | Necatibey Cad., | 9      | 90-312- |
| Engineers /       | Sonmezisik |                 | 0-312- |         |
| *Orman            |            | 16/13, Sihhiye  |        | 2       |
| Muhendisleri      | Chairman   |                 | 22     | 29-8633 |
| Odasi*            |            | Ankara, Turkey  | 9-2009 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Seed Industry     | Mr. Ayhan  | Tuna Cad.,      | 9      | 90-312- |
| Association /     | Elci       | 14/14 Yenisehir | 0-312- |         |
| *Tohumcular       |            |                 |        | 4       |
| Endustrisi        | Secretary  | Ankara, Turkey  | 43     | 32-0050 |
| Birligi Dernegi*  | General    |                 | 2-0050 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Market and Public | Mr. Bulent | Istiklal Cad.,  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Opinion           | Gundogmus  | Imam Adnan      | 0-212- |         |
| Researchers Assn. |            | Sok., Peva Han, |        | 2       |
| / *Pazarlama ve   | Chairman   | Kat:3,          | 24     | 51-3929 |
| Kamuoyu           |            | 34435Beyoglu    | 9-2319 |         |
| Arastirmacilari   |            |                 |        | 90-212- |
| Dernegi*          |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 49-9956 |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Advertising Firms | Mr. Jeffi  | Istiklal Cad.,  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Association /     | Medina     | No.407, Kat;4,  | 0-212- |         |
| Reklamcilar       |            | Beyoglu         |        | 2       |
| Dernegi           | President  |                 | 24     | 43-9370 |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 3-9363 |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Advertisers       | Ms. Dilek  | Ali Nihat       | 9      | 90-216- |
| Association /     | Erkey      | Tarlan cad.,    | 0-216- |         |
| *Reklam Verenler  |            | Karaman Sok.,   |        | 3       |
| Dernegi*          | President  | Hofman Is       | 36     | 61-4429 |
|                   |            | Plaza, No:2/15, | 1-4452 |         |
|                   |            | Kat:7           |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | 34744 Bostanci  |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Food Importers    | Ms.        | Buyukdere Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Association /     | Melahat    |                 | 0-212- |         |
| *Tum Gida         | Ozkan      | 62/41, Lale     |        | 2       |
| Ithalatcilari     |            | Ishani,         | 21     | 12-0920 |
| Dernegi-TUGIDER*  | Secretary  |                 | 2-0919 |         |
|                   | General    | Mecidiyekoy,    |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul        | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-212- |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 27     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 4-3265 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Beverage          | Mr. Ismail | Bedri Rahmi     | 9      | 90-216- |
| Producers         | Sayit      | Eyuboglu Sok.,  | 0-216- |         |
| Association /     |            | Derya Apt.,     |        | 3       |
| *Mesrubatcilar    | President  | No.3, Kat:6,    | 34     | 48-1029 |
| Dernegi*          |            | 81030, Kalamis  | 5-9915 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 9      |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          | 0-216- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 34     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 8-3616 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish           | Mr. Mahir  | Ergenekon Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Franchising       | Saranga    | Pangalti Is     | 0-212- |         |
| Association /     |            | Merkezi, 89/15  |        | 2       |
| *Ulusal           |            | Kat: 3,         | 29     | 19-0564 |
| Franchising       |            |                 | 6-6628 |         |
| Dernegi*-*UFRAD*  |            | 80240 Pangalti, |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Milk, Meat and    | Mr. Olgun  | Mebus Evleri    | 9      | 90-312- |
| Food              | Erguz      | Mah., Ayten     | 0-312- |         |
| Industrialists    |            | Sok., No.27/8   |        | 2       |
| and Producers     | President  |                 | 21     | 12-3662 |
| Assn. / *Turkiye  |            | 06580, Tandogan | 2-7902 |         |
| Sut, Et, Gida     |            |                 |        |         |
| Sanayicileri ve   |            | Ankara, Turkey  | 9      |         |
| Ureticileri       |            |                 | 0-312- |         |
| Birligi- SETBIR*  |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 22     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 3-5963 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Paper and Paper   | Mr. Erdal  | Buyukdere Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Pulp              | Sukan      | Cinar Apt.,     | 0-212- |         |
| Industrialists    |            | No95, Kat:3,    |        | 2       |
| Foundation /      | President  | D:11-12         | 27     | 17-8888 |
| *Seluloz ve Kagit |            |                 | 5-1389 |         |
| Sanayicileri      |            | Mecidiyekoy     |        |         |
| Vakfi*            |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Chamber of        | Mr. Metin  | Meclisi Mebusan | 9      | 90-212- |
| Shipping / *Deniz | Kalkavan   | Cad., No.22 ,   | 0-212- |         |
| Ticaret Odasi*    |            | 34427           |        | 2       |
|                   | Chairman   | Salipazari      | 25     | 43-5498 |
|                   |            |                 | 2-0130 |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | pbx /  | 90-212- |
|                   |            | Turkey          | 7      |         |
|                   |            |                 | lines  | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 93-7935 |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Textile Research  | Mr. Celal  | Millet Cad.,    | 9      | 90-212- |
| / *Tekstil        | Yuksel     | Sule Apt.       | 0-212- |         |
| Arastirma         |            | No.35, Kat:3    |        | 6       |
| Dergisi*          | President  | 34300           | 58     | 32-7129 |
|                   |            | Findikzade,     | 8-4524 |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-212- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 58     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 9-0179 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish Clothing  | Mr. Umut   | Haydar Akin Is  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Manufacturers     | Oran       | Merkezi 2,      | 0-212- |         |
| Assn. / *Turkiye  |            | Mehmet Akif     |        | 4       |
| Giyim             | Chairman   | Cad., 1. Sok.,  | 63     | 51-6113 |
| Sanayicileri      |            | No.23, Kat:5    | 9-7656 |         |
| Dernegi*          |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Sirinevler      |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| International     | Mr. Cetin  | Nispetiye Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Overland          | Nuhoglu    | Seheryildizi    | 0-212- |         |
| Transporters      |            | Sok., No.10,    |        | 3       |
| Assn. /           | Chairman   | Etiler          | 35     | 59-2626 |
| *Uluslararasi     |            |                 | 9-2600 |         |
| Nakliyeciler      |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
| Birligi*          |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+

**Important Regulatory and Governmental Contacts**

+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Ministry of  | Prof. Dr. | Milli       | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Agriculture  | Sami      | Mudafa Cad. |             |             |
| and Rural    | Guclu,    | No.20,      | 419-8300    | 417-7168    |
| Affairs/     |           | Kizilay,    |             |             |
| *Tarim ve    | Minister  | Ankara      | 424-0226    |             |
| Koyisleri    |           |             |             |             |
| Bakanligi*   |           |             |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Ministry of  | Hasan     | Milli       | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Agriculture  | Huseyin   | Mudafa Cad. |             |             |
| and Rural    | Coskun,   | No.20,      | 425-2107    | 417-9247    |
| Affairs/     | Acting    | Kizilay,    |             |             |
| *Tarim ve    | Under     | Ankara      |             |             |
| Koyisleri    |           |             |             |             |
| Bakanligi*   | Secretary |             |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| General      | Dr. Nihat | Akay Cad.   | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Directorate  | Pakdil,   |             |             |             |
| of           | Director  | No. 3,      | 425-7789    | 418-6318    |
| Protection   | General   | B           |             |             |
| and Control/ |           | akanliklar, |             |             |
| *Koruma ve   |           | Ankara      |             |             |
| Kontrol      |           |             |             |             |
| Genel        |           |             |             |             |
| Mudurlugu*   |           |             |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| General      | Huseyin   | Milli       | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Directorate  | Velioglu, | Mudafa Cad. |             |             |
| of           | Director  | No.20,      | 418-2059    | 425-2016    |
| Production   | General   | Kizilay,    |             |             |
| and          |           | Ankara      | 417-0026    |             |
| Development/ |           |             |             |             |
| *Uretim ve   |           |             |             |             |
| Gelistirme   |           |             |             |             |
| Genel        |           |             |             |             |
| Mudurlugu*   |           |             |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Turkish      | Mehmet    | Milli       | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Grain Board/ | Cagil,    | Mudafa Cad. |             |             |
| *Toprak      | Acting    | No.18,      | 418-2313    | 417-5934    |
| Mahsulleri   | Director  | Kizilay,    |             |             |
| Ofisi*       | General   | Ankara      |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Ministry of  | Ali       | Eskisehir   | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Industry/    | Coskun,   | Yolu 7.Km., |             |             |
| Sanayi       | Minister  | No. 154,    | 286-0696    | 286-5325    |
| Bakanligi    |           | Ankara      |             |             |
|              |           |             | 286-2006    |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Under        | Tuncer    | Eskisehir   | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| secretariate | Kayalar,  | Yolu, Emek, |             |             |
| of Foreign   | Under     | Ankara      | 212-8742    | 212-8255    |
| Trade/ *Dis  | Secretary |             |             |             |
| Ticaret      |           |             |             |             |
| M            |           |             |             |             |
| ustesarligi* |           |             |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Under        | Ibrahim   | Eskisehir   | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| secretariate | Halil     | Yolu, Emek, |             |             |
| of Treasury/ | Canakci,  | Ankara      | 212-5745    | 212-2297    |
| *Hazine      | Under     |             |             |             |
| M            | Secretary |             | 212-8630    |             |
| ustesarligi* |           |             |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Ministry of  | Osman     | Ataturk     | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Environment  | Pepe,     | Bulvari,    |             |             |
| & Forestry/  | Minister  |             | 425-4606    | 418-7354    |
| Cevre ve     |           | B           |             |             |
| *Orman       |           | akanliklar, | 425-2818    |             |
| Bakanligi*   |           | Ankara      |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Ministry of  | Recep     | Sihhiye,    | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Health/      | Akdag,    |             |             |             |
| *Saglik      | Minister  | Ankara      | 430-6095 -  | 431-4879    |
| Bakanligi*   |           |             | 98          |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Ministry of  | Kemal     | Ilkadim     | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Finance/     | Unakitan, | Cad. No. 2, |             |             |
| *Maliye      | Minister  | B           | 425-0080    | 425-0058    |
| Bakanligi*   |           | akanliklar, |             |             |
|              |           | Ankara      | 425-0023    |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

**Appendix I. Statistics**

**Table A. Key Trade and Demographic Information**

+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Agricultural Imports From All Countries USD   | \$3.4 Billion        |
|                                               |                      |
| U.S. Market Share (%): All data 2002 UN       | (25 percent)         |
| figures                                       |                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Consumer Food Imports From All Countries USD  | \$416 million        |
|                                               |                      |
| U.S. Market Share (%) All data 2002 UN        | (4 percent)          |
| figures                                       |                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Edible Fishery Imports From All Countries     | \$19 million         |
| (\$mln)                                       |                      |
|                                               | (2 percent)          |
| U.S. Market Share (%) All data 2002 UN        |                      |
| figures                                       |                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Total Population / Annual Growth Rate (%)     | 70.9 Million /       |
|                                               | (1.58%)              |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Urban Population / Annual Growth Rate (%)     | 44.09 Million /      |
|                                               | (2.68%)              |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Number of Major Metropolitan Areas            | 7                    |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Size of the Middle Class / Growth Rate (%)    | 14 Million / (approx |
|                                               | 1%)                  |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (U.S.       | \$2,584              |
| Dollars)                                      |                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Unemployment Rate (%)                         | 10.7                 |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Per Capita Food Expenditures (USD)            | Approximately        |
|                                               | \$1,200              |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Percent of Female Population Employed         | 27.2%                |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Current Exchange Rate (US\$1 = Turkish Lira)  | TL 1,320,000         |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+

Table B. Consumer Food and Edible Fishery Products

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h1 id="turkey-imports">Turkey Imports</h1></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Imports from the World</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Imports from the U.S.</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>U.S Market Share</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>(In Millions of Dollars)</strong></td>
<td><strong>2000</strong></td>
<td><strong>2001</strong></td>
<td><strong>2002</strong></td>
<td><strong>2000</strong></td>
<td><strong>2001</strong></td>
<td><strong>2002</strong></td>
<td><strong>2000</strong></td>
<td><strong>2001</strong></td>
<td><strong>2002</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p><strong>CONSUMER-ORIENTED</strong></p>
<p><strong>AGRICULTURAL TOTAL</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>410</strong></td>
<td><strong>304</strong></td>
<td><strong>416</strong></td>
<td><strong>15</strong></td>
<td><strong>14</strong></td>
<td><strong>17</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Snack Foods (Excl. Nuts)</strong></td>
<td>33</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Breakfast Cereals &amp; Pancake Mix</strong></td>
<td>8</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Poultry Meat</strong></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>89</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Dairy Products (Excl. Cheese)</strong></td>
<td>25</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Cheese</strong></td>
<td>12</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Eggs &amp; Products</strong></td>
<td>5</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Fresh Fruit</strong></td>
<td>54</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Processed Fruit &amp; Vegetables</strong></td>
<td>36</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Fruit &amp; Vegetable Juices</strong></td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Tree Nuts</strong></td>
<td>9</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Wine &amp; Beer</strong></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Nursery Products &amp; Cut Flowers</strong></td>
<td>17</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Pet Foods (Dog &amp; Cat Food)</strong></td>
<td>6</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>52</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Other Consumer-Oriented Products</strong></td>
<td>192</td>
<td>177</td>
<td>221</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>FISH &amp; SEAFOOD PRODUCTS</strong></td>
<td>38</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Other Fishery Products</strong></td>
<td>31</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10"><p><strong>Source: FAS' Global Agricultural Trade
System using data from the United Nations Statistical
Office</strong></p>
<p><strong>Note: U.S. Trade Data totals are higher due to transshipments
of poultry meat through the Mersin Free Zone.</strong></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

##  Table C.1 CONSUMER-ORIENTED AGRICULTURAL TOTAL

+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
|                                           |        |        |        |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Turkey Imports- Top 15 Ranking**        | **     | **     | **     |
|                                           | 2000** | 2001** | 2002** |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
|                                           | **10   | **10   | **10   |
|                                           | 00\$** | 00\$** | 00\$** |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| # Germany                                 | 64,582 | 55,346 | 69,755 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Netherlands**                           | 53,271 | 37,805 | 48,670 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Ireland**                               | 5,905  | 21,514 | 45,596 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Italy**                                 | 23,184 | 17,787 | 24,604 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **France**                                | 42,334 | 19,294 | 24,111 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Ecuador**                               | 36,678 | 13,894 | 22,406 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **United States**                         | 15,408 | 13,696 | 16,941 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Spain**                                 | 15,432 | 14,232 | 15,862 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Denmark**                               | 15,712 | 12,461 | 15,534 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Cyprus**                                | 37     | 1,156  | 11,923 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **United Kingdom**                        | 18,590 | 13,279 | 11,482 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Switzerland**                           | 12,976 | 10,715 | 10,386 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Belgium**                               | 10,480 | 8,306  | 10,234 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Poland**                                | 3,442  | 6,675  | 8,223  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Austria**                               | 7,342  | 8,201  | 5,631  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Other**                                 | 85,070 | 49,618 | 74,908 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **World**                                 | 4      | 3      | 4      |
|                                           | 10,449 | 03,993 | 16,270 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
|                                           |        |        |        |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Source: United Nations Statistics       |        |        |        |
| Division**                                |        |        |        |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+

> **Table C.2 Turkey Top 10 Ranking of Fish & Seafood Product**
> Exporters

+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| #                                         | 2000   | 2001   | 2002   |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
|                                           | 1000\$ | 1000\$ | 1000\$ |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Norway**                                | 12,449 | 6,972  | 8,636  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Spain**                                 | 15,037 | 1,502  | 3,445  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Seychelles**                            | 158    | 537    | 1,449  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **France**                                | 3,585  | 814    | 1,275  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Ireland**                               | 0      | 5      | 835    |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Mauritania**                            | 0      | 19     | 719    |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Germany**                               | 53     | 19     | 423    |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **India**                                 | 636    | 204    | 383    |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Singapore**                             | 371    | 224    | 349    |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **United States**                         | 108    | 3      | 307    |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Other**                                 | 5,477  | 1,526  | 1,417  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **World**                                 | 37,874 | 11,831 | 19,235 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| # S                                       |        |        |        |
| ource: United Nations Statistics Division |        |        |        |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+