***Junior Ranger Program***\
![](media/image1.png){width="5.416666666666667in"
height="0.20833333333333334in"}

> ![](media/image2.jpeg){width="1.4541666666666666in"
> height="2.004166666666667in"}**Hey Kids!!\
> *YOU CAN BE A***
>
> ![](media/image4.jpeg){width="2.1458333333333335in"
> height="0.5958333333333333in"}***JUNIOR RANGER!***

**Welcome to the Minuteman Missile National Historic Site Junior Ranger
Page! We are glad you were able to visit this site today. We hope that
by taking part in this Junior Ranger program, you will develop an
appreciation for one of the nation's newest National Park areas.**

**A NOTE TO PARENTS OR GUARDIANS:**

**This web-based Junior Ranger program deals with concepts and realities
that some children may not be comfortable with or may be beyond their
understanding.** It was [designed]{.underline} for children between the
ages of 10 and 14 to help them learn about Minuteman Missile National
Historic Site and the National Park Service, and also to have some fun!
We need your assistance to accomplish this goal. We encourage you to
help and interact with your child, but let her or him do as much of the
work as possible. The activities need to be printed in order to complete
them, but it is not necessary to print them in color. You only need to
print the pages of the activities your child chooses to complete. If
more space is needed to complete an activity they may continue on the
back of the sheet. It is our hope that the activities on this website
will help you and your child so that you might better enjoy a future
visit to Minuteman Missile National Historic Site and other National
Park Service sites.

**CHECKLIST FOR JUNIOR WEB RANGER REQUIREMENTS:**

1.  Visit the Minuteman Missile National Historic Site web page:
    www.nps.gov/mimi

2.  **Everyone must complete Activity Number 1. If you are less than 10
    years of age, complete 3 of the remaining 11 activities. If you are
    between the ages of 10 and 14, complete 5 of the remaining 11
    activities. If you are older than 14 years of age, complete 7 of the
    remaining activities.**

3.  Upon completion of your Junior Ranger activities you may mail them
    to **Minuteman Missile NHS, 21280 SD Highway 240, Philip, SD
    57567**.

4.  Please be patient. In a few weeks you will receive your Junior
    Ranger Badge and a certificate that you can display so everyone will
    know you are a Junior Ranger at Minuteman Missile National Historic
    Site.

![](media/image5.jpeg){width="2.6458333333333335in"
height="2.0694444444444446in"}

![](media/image6.jpeg){width="2.2555555555555555in"
height="2.6458333333333335in"}

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill,

United States President Harry S. Truman,

and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin meeting

![](media/image7.jpeg){width="2.0208333333333335in"
height="1.8777777777777778in"} at the Potsdam Conference, August 1945.

Full-scale test of Minuteman I

missile, Edwards Air Force Base,

California, 1960.

B-1 bomber flyover at the

ceremony transferring the

Minuteman Missile site from

the US Air Force to the NPS on

September 27, 2002.

**[Activity Number 1:]{.underline}**

![](media/image8.jpeg){width="2.3958333333333335in"
height="1.492361111111111in"}

The National Park Service cares for special places saved by the American
people so that all may experience our heritage.

![](media/image10.jpeg){width="2.1875in" height="1.51875in"}

![](media/image11.jpeg){width="2.0208333333333335in"
height="1.3923611111111112in"}Minuteman Missile National Historic Site
(NHS), the 379^th^ National Park Service unit, is one of the nation\'s
newest national parks. Although the resources protected at this site
relate directly to the Minuteman Missile program, the site\'s story will
include the larger issues of the Cold War era.

Some other National Park areas that tell a military story include
Cowpens National Battlefield (NB), Minute Man National Historic Park
(NHP), Fort Point NHS, Petersburg NB, Tupelo NB, Pecos NHP, Eisenhower
NHS, and War in the Pacific NHP.

![](media/image12.png){width="1.0416666666666667in"
height="1.0416666666666667in"}The National Park concept has been
described as \"America\'s best idea.\" Many countries around the world
look to the United States as a leader in park and protected area
management. National Parks exist worldwide in over 120 countries. Among
them are Tierra del Fuego (Argentina), Norfolk Island (Australia),
Zhangjiajie (China), Volcan Irazu (Costa Rica), Gros Morne (Canada),
Plitvice Lakes (Croatia), Lake Nakuru (Kenya), and Sagarmatha (Nepal).

![](media/image15.jpeg){width="3.875in" height="0.75in"}You may access
information on international parks at:
<http://www.nps.gov/oia/around/index.htm>

**Have you visited any National Park Service sites? \_\_\_\_\_\_ If so,
name one.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**Have you completed any other Junior Ranger programs? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ If
so, at which National Park Service site?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**[Activity Number 2:]{.underline}**

The **Cold War** is the term used to describe the shifting struggle for
power and influence between the Western powers and the Communist bloc
after World War II ended in 1945. This confrontation between the United
States and the Soviet Union is a typical example of the differences
between a capitalist democracy and a communist world. The conflict that
arose between these two powers was the reason for the development of new
weapons systems, including the Minuteman II missile.

A **Communist state** is one ruled by a [single political
party](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_party_state). **Communism** is a
system of political and economic organization in which property is owned
by the community or government and all citizens share in the common
wealth according to their needs.

A **capitalist** system is an economic system based on private
ownership, in which money can be made through investment of capital and
employment of labor with little government control -- the idea of free
enterprise.

![](media/image16.png){width="3.6458333333333335in"
height="1.9569444444444444in"}This flag is the flag of the former
**Soviet Union.** The red color was for communism. The hammer was the
symbol of the industrial workers and the sickle represented the
peasants. The gold star represented unity and contained five points (one
for each class in communist society: workers, peasants, scholars,
youths, and soldiers).

> ![](media/image17.gif){width="3.625in" height="2.0in"}The flag of the
> **United States of America** consists of thirteen horizontal stripes,
> seven red alternating with six white. The stripes represent the
> original 13 colonies; the stars represent the 50 states of the Union.
> The colors of the flag are symbolic as well: red symbolizes hardiness
> and valor, white symbolizes purity and innocence, and blue represents
> vigilance, perseverance and justice.

**[Activity Number 2 continued:]{.underline}**

**[Imagine]{.underline} you are the President of a new country. Design
your country's flag to represent what is important to you and explain
the colors and symbols that you used.**

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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

![](media/image18.png){width="1.7708333333333333in"
height="0.8958333333333334in"}**Flags from around the world:**

![](media/image19.png){width="1.6458333333333333in"
height="1.1041666666666667in"}

Afghanistan

Cyprus Italy

![](media/image21.png){width="1.6458333333333333in"
height="0.9958333333333333in"}

New Mexico (United States) Liechtenstein Micronesia

**[Activity Number 3:]{.underline}**

The United States had developed an atomic bomb during World War II.
After using this very powerful new weapon to end the war, the United
States presented a plan to the United Nations to [share]{.underline}
their knowledge of the atomic bomb with the world. This plan was
rejected by the Soviet Union. They had spies that had already learned of
the secrets of the atomic bomb and they did not want to
[share]{.underline} these secrets with potential enemies.

**[Imagine]{.underline} you're at a birthday party on a hot August day.
The really cool parents hosting the party organize two teams for a water
balloon fight. You have a great secret plan for quickly filling water
balloons.**

**Would you [share]{.underline} this secret with your teammates if you
knew the teams would be changed later in the day? \_\_\_\_\_ Why or why
not.**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**Would you tell your friends on the other team? \_\_\_\_\_ Why or why
not.**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**What if you didn't [share]{.underline} the secret with your teammates
and one member of the other team learned of your secret plan. Would you
now share it with your teammates? \_\_\_\_\_\_ Why or why not.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**[Activity Number 4:]{.underline}**

Although the Atlas and Titan missile systems were operational by the
early 1960s, the Air Force actively sought to develop another
intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) -- one that would be more
cost-effective, smaller, and easier to build and operate. This push for
improved technology was largely driven by the desire to surpass the
perceived advanced Soviet Union missile technology and overcome what
seemed to be a growing "missile gap".

The Minuteman missile was designed to be an efficient, reliable weapon
that could be mass-produced, stand unattended for long periods, be
operated and maintained by small crews, stored and launched from
underground silos, and automatically monitored for condition and combat
readiness. It formed the land-based portion of what was known as the
nuclear "triad" -- nuclear weapons that could be launched from land,
sea, or the air.

In the early 1960s the Air Force chose South Dakota as one of the
locations to base the Minuteman missiles. Minuteman Missile National
Historic Site lies in a part of South Dakota west of the Missouri River
known as the Western plains. The settlement of this area is tied to
agriculture, focusing on raising livestock and ranching. In order to
place the launch control facilities and missile silos in the area, the
government had to purchase land from hundreds of property owners. Four
to six acres were needed for missile silo construction sites, but many
more thousands of miles of land, only 16 ½ feet wide were needed for
burying underground cables.

![](media/image24.jpeg){width="1.6458333333333333in"
height="1.3479166666666667in"}

**[Imagine]{.underline} that you were a rancher in South Dakota who
raised cattle on your 2,500 acre ranch. The government came to you and
asked to buy six acres from you for a missile silo site. Would you sell
your property to the government? \_\_\_\_ Why or why not.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**Would it change your mind if you could not decide where on your land
the six acres would be? \_\_\_\_\_ Why or why not.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**What if the government wanted to run a cable through your property --
not above ground, but buried four to eight feet below ground. Would you
allow the government to do this? \_\_\_\_\_ Why or why not.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**[Activity Number 5:]{.underline}**

The construction of the Launch Facilities (LF) and the Launch Control
Facilities (LCF) were huge projects supervised by the Peter Kiewit Sons
Company of Omaha, Nebraska. The cost to build the 150 LFs and 15 LCFs in
South Dakota in 1961 was about \$56 million.

![](media/image25.jpeg){width="2.1458333333333335in" height="1.55in"}The
first step in constructing the LFs was the excavation and grading at
each site using a bulldozer and clam shovel to create a large hole that
they then dug down to a depth of approximately thirty-five feet. A
second crew moved in and proceeded to dig the shaft for the silo using a
large auger. The shaft was a circular hole with a diameter approximately
fifteen to eighteen feet and extended over eighty feet below the ground.
The next task involved a third crew that poured a concrete plate in the
bottom of the shaft. After this crew secured the bottom of the hole,
steel contractors lowered a twenty-five-ton, sixty-two-foot
prefabricated steel liner into position. Contractors then poured
concrete around the exterior of the steel liner, forming a
twelve-inch-thick wall. Additional crews constructed a lower equipment
room around the silo and a support building adjacent to the silo, both
of reinforced concrete and below ground level. All of this required a
great deal of coordination from all of the crews involved. In addition,
the LCFs and Launch Control Centers (LCC) had to be constructed and all
of the missile silos connected to the LCCs with underground cable.

The project began on September 11, 1961 and was finished by November 1,
1963 -- only two years and seven weeks later.

**[Imagine]{.underline} that you were building a snow fort in your
backyard for a snowball fight. Consider location, size of the fort,
protection from the weather, and any other details. On the back of this
sheet draw a sketch of your snow fort and tell what you would consider
in the location and type of fort you would build.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**[Activity Number 6:]{.underline}**

![](media/image27.jpeg){width="4.270833333333333in"
height="3.1791666666666667in"}The Minuteman was the first missile system
designed so that the crew members did not have to be at the missile site
in order to launch it. The launch control facility was connected to the
missile silos by a series of underground cables. With earlier missile
systems, crew members had to live underground near the missiles in order
to launch them, which was not very safe. Those earlier missiles were
[clustered]{.underline} [together]{.underline} so they could be operated
by one crew, a system that was less expensive, but more vulnerable to
attack.

At the right is the arrangement of the launch control facility (D-01)
and the [dispersed]{.underline} ten missile silos of Delta Flight,
66^th^ Missile Squadron.

**[Imagine]{.underline} that your teacher is organizing a game of tag
for the class. The teacher wants the game to last for a long time. Would
the game last longer in a room the size of your classroom, where the
players would be clustered, or out on the playground, where they'd be
dispersed? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Why?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**If you were "it", would you rather play on the playground or inside?
\_\_\_\_\_ Why?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**If you were not "it", where would the game be best to play?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Why?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**[Activity Number 7:]{.underline}**

![](media/image28.png){width="2.1458333333333335in"
height="1.4340277777777777in"}During the American Revolutionary War, the
minutemen were a military group made up of American Colonists who could
be called upon at anytime to fight. These colonists were called the
minutemen because they were prepared to fight \"[at a minute's
notice]{.underline}\". The minutemen were \"volunteers\" who provided
their own muskets and rifles. They had no real uniforms and sometimes
didn\'t even have enough money to buy food. Still, the minutemen and
their fellow soldiers in the regular army managed to defeat the British
-- one of the best professional armies in the world.

During the Cold War, the Minuteman Missile system that was designed had
two new ideas that gave it a long practical service life: a solid rocket
booster and a digital flight computer. The solid rocket booster made the
Minuteman [faster]{.underline} and safer to launch than other
intercontinental ballistic missiles, which used liquid fuels. [In less
than five minutes]{.underline} from their time of notification, the
missiliers could have completed their mission of launching a Minuteman
II missile.

**A [name]{.underline} is how a person or thing is known. For example,
"His [name]{.underline} is Jefferson Smith" or, "The [name]{.underline}
of that town is Castle Rock." Names usually help us to understand the
thing they define or honor past events.**

**How do you think the Minuteman II Missile got its name "minuteman"?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**How did your favorite pet get its name?\*
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

\* It doesn't have to be your pet, it could be a friend's or one in a
book or movie.

![](media/image29.png){width="1.4333333333333333in" height="0.375in"}

**[Activity Number 8:]{.underline}**

***How fast can a snail go at top speed?*** Snails have been measured at
speeds of up to 31 inches per minute (78 centimeters per minute).

***How fast can a Bald Eagle fly at top speed?*** The average migratory
flight speed is approximately 31 miles per hour (50 kilometers per
hour).

![](media/image30.jpeg){width="1.5375in"
height="2.6458333333333335in"}***How fast can a NASCAR driver go?***

The Daytona 500 speed record for a race is an average of 177.602 mph
(284 kph), by Buddy Baker in 1980.

***How fast can an airplane fly?***

The top speed of a Boeing 737 airliner is 577 mph (923 kph).

***How fast can a Minuteman II missile fly?***

The top speed of the Minuteman II missile is approximately 15,000 mph
(24,000 kph).

A modern long-range military rocket, which is also similar to the kind
used to send a spacecraft to the Moon, is made of materials which must
be light in weight but tremendously strong and able to withstand very
high temperatures without bending, burning, or melting. The fuel that is
burned in the rocket, called propellant, must produce enormous power and
the system that guides it must ensure that it will reach its target
however great the distance.

**[On a map]{.underline}, try to determine how far you could get from
your hometown in one hour if:**

**You were an eagle.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**You were a NASCAR driver\*.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**You were on a Boeing 737 airliner.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**You were shooting off a Minuteman II Missile.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\* - remember, this is just [imagining]{.underline} -- do not drive
177 mph unless you are on a closed track!**

**[Activity Number 9:]{.underline}**

![](media/image32.png){width="3.1458333333333335in"
height="1.520138888888889in"}

There were many jobs available at the Launch Control Facility (LCF) --
facility manager, flight security controller, security alert team, cook,
and missile combat crew. All of these Air Force personnel were stationed
at Ellsworth Air Force Base near Rapid City, South Dakota and had to
drive to the LCF for their tour of duty. The tours of duty varied over
the years. All topside personnel, while on an alert tour, but off-duty,
would spend time playing games, working out, resting, and relaxing.

The [facility manager]{.underline} was on duty for a three-day alert
tour. The facility managers were responsible for managing the facility
and supervising the topside crew. His or her job also included
everything from acting weatherman, mechanic, and innkeeper to
groundskeeper. The facility manager was the only LCF personnel assigned
a single room.

The [flight security controller]{.underline} was also on duty for a
three-day alert tour. Since someone had to be on duty in the security
control room at all times, each of the three days was split into twelve
hour shifts. From the security control room they monitored the LCF
grounds, checked identification of visitors, and supervised the security
alert team.

The [security alert team]{.underline} members checked the LCF site,
responded to any security breaches, and escorted maintenance teams to
the missile silos. In addition to security duties, the security alert
team members assisted the facility manager in housekeeping duties.

![](media/image33.jpeg){width="1.9152777777777779in"
height="2.6416666666666666in"}

One [cook]{.underline} was scheduled for each three-day alert tour. The
cook was required to prepare requested meals for the personnel and
visitors to the LCF. The cook was responsible for serving four meals a
day -- breakfast, lunch, dinner, and a midnight meal. In addition, the
cook assisted the facility manager in responding to emergencies and in
housekeeping duties.

The [missile combat crew]{.underline} tour of duty was twenty-four
hours. They worked from the Launch Control Center (LCC), located in a
capsule below ground. Their most important responsibility was constant
vigilance and preparation to launch the ten missiles under their
control. The LCC included a sleeping compartment where one crew member
could rest while his or her partner would remain at the console. This
position was only assigned to Air Force officers.

**[Activity Number 9 continued:]{.underline}**

> ![](media/image34.jpeg){width="2.123611111111111in"
> height="2.01875in"}
>
> Uncle Sam wants YOU!
>
> **[Imagine]{.underline} that you want to apply for a job at the Launch
> Control Facility. Please fill out the application below:**

1.  **Job applied for:
    \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

2.  **What do you think would be good about this job?
    \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

> **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
>
> **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
>
> **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

3.  **What do you think you'd dislike about it?
    \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

> **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
>
> **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
>
> **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

4.  **Skills that you have that would make you good for the job:
    \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

> **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**5. Why should you be hired for the job:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

> **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**[Activity Number 10:]{.underline}**

![](media/image35.jpeg){width="2.6458333333333335in"
height="2.2875in"}Today, in some American schools, students are learning
how to recognize a special warning tone on the school wide intercom.
When it sounds, they rise from their desks and the teacher locks the
door with a special key. The shades are drawn, the lights switched off.
The students huddle against the interior wall, so they are not visible
from the classroom door. They must be quiet. This is in case a problem
has arisen inside their school. The drill is slightly different in some
elementary schools. Lights are kept on. Teachers keep a special bag by
their doors, equipped with storybooks and candies and other items to
keep students calm and busy during the drill.

This may remind some people of the "duck and cover" drills of the 1950s.
Many teachers at that time were instructed to practice the \"duck and
cover\" air raid drill with their classes. In this drill, the students
would drop to the floor and put their heads between their knees with
their backs to the windows or take cover under their desks. Teachers
were instructed to have their students \"duck and cover\" at the sight
of a sudden bright flash.

**Talk to someone that you know who remembers the "duck and cover"
drills of the 1950s. Ask them to tell you how they were conducted, what
they thought about the drills, and what emotions they felt.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**What safety precautions do you practice in your home?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**[Activity Number 11:]{.underline}**

There were many people worldwide that left their influence during the
Cold War period.

**Select one person from the following list of people and find out what
influence they had during the Cold War. Using the back of this sheet,
write a poem, song, or brief story about the person you chose. (The poem
doesn't have to rhyme if you don't want it to.)**

Dr. Helen Caldicott Jimmy Carter

> Nadia Comaneci Mike Eruzione

Daniel James, Jr. John le Carré

George McGovern Paul Robeson

Andrei Sakharov Edward Teller

Margaret Thatcher Lech Walesa

![](media/image36.png){width="1.4791666666666667in"
height="1.7708333333333333in"}

**Paul Robeson Margaret Thatcher John le Carré**

![](media/image39.png){width="1.2729166666666667in"
height="1.7708333333333333in"}

**Lech Walesa Jimmy Carter**

**[Activity Number 12:]{.underline}**

# ![](media/image41.jpeg){width="0.9583333333333334in" height="0.925in"}Shown below are eight quotes taken from some famous and some not-so-famous people:

# 

**"He who wants peace must prepare for war."** -- Claudius (10 BC -- 54
AD)

**"Choose your friends carefully. Your enemies will choose you."** -
Yassir Arafat (1929 - present)

**"There are only two forces in the world, the sword and the spirit. In
the long run the sword will always be conquered by the spirit."** -
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 -- 1821)

![](media/image42.jpeg){width="1.2708333333333333in"
height="1.1291666666666667in"}

**"You can\'t shake hands with a clenched fist."** - Indira Gandhi (1917
-- 1984)

**"Indeed, I think that people want peace so much that one of these days
governments had better get out of the way and let them have it."** -
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890 -- 1969)

\"Victory goes to the player who makes the next-to-last mistake.\"

![](media/image43.jpeg){width="1.0375in" height="1.4125in"}**"Victory
goes to the player who makes the next-to-last mistake."** - Savielly
Grigorievitch Tartakower (1887 -- 1956)

**"You got to be careful if you don\'t know where you\'re going, because
you might not get there."** - Yogi Berra (1925 -- present)

**"It is my principle that the will of the majority should always
prevail."** - Thomas Jefferson (1743 -- 1826)

**Circle one quote that you agree with or that you think is the best
one. Tell why you selected that quote and what it means to you.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**Do you think these quotes have a different meaning if they were said
long ago? \_\_\_\_\_ Why or why not.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

![](media/image44.png){width="2.0833333333333335in"
height="1.5666666666666667in"}**Excellent work,** *Junior Ranger***!**

**We just need a little information from you so that we can send you
your Junior Ranger patch and certificate. Feel free to tell us more
about the program on the back of this sheet if you would like.**

How would you like your name to appear on your Minuteman Missile Junior
Ranger certificate? (Please print in your best handwriting!)

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

What address would you like your certificate and patch mailed to?

        Street Address:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

        City, State, Zip Code:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

What is your age? Less than 10 \_\_\_\_ from 10 to 14 \_\_\_\_ from 15
to 25 \_\_\_\_

> from 26 to 62 \_\_\_\_ over 62 \_\_\_\_

Where did you do the Minuteman Missile Junior Ranger program?

At home \_\_\_\_ at school \_\_\_\_ somewhere else (where?)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

How did you learn about the program?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Which activities did you like best in this Junior Ranger program? Why?

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Which activities did you like least? Why?

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Was the program too hard? \_\_\_\_\_ Too easy? \_\_\_\_\_ Just right?
\_\_\_\_\_