**Library and Information Services Division**

**Current References 2004-2**

**U.S. Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit**

**A Selected Bibliography**

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> **Prepared by:**

**Anna Fiolek Jimmie L. Trigg, Jr.**

**NOAA Central Library Major, U.S. Air Force**

**U.S. Department of Commerce**

**National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration**

**National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service,**

**National Oceanographic Data Center**

**NOAA Central Library**

**Silver Spring, MD**

**June 2004**

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Preface

This bibliography has been prepared in the NOAA Central Library on the
occasion of the Symposium on the 50^th^ Anniversary of Operational
Numerical Weather Prediction, 14 -- 17 June 2004, at The University of
Maryland, College Park, Maryland. The focus of this selection is on the
early publications in numerical weather prediction mainly by the staff
members of the U.S. Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit and later by
the National Meteorological Center. The bibliography also incorporates
the list of historical publications selected by Dr. Eugenia Kalnay, Dept
of Meteorology, University of Maryland, and prepared by Major Jimmie
Trigg, USAF, Air Force Liaison Officer to the NOAA's National Centers
for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Most of the included publications
are available in print in the NOAA Central Library and/or in an
electronic format via NOAALINC, its online catalog at:
<http://www.lib.noaa.gov/uhtbin/webcat> . Many early publications have
been scanned and are available in full text, in PDF format, either
directly online or from the included CD-ROM. Some of the entries are
accompanied by an abstract. The bibliographic citations have been based
on Chicago Manual of Style, 15^th^ edition and are organized in the
author and title order. Notes and explanations are included in brackets.
Symbols "less than" (\<) and "greater than" (\>) are used to indicate
first and/or latest issue consulted. The bibliography was compiled using
the Microsoft Word program. To access full text documents hold CTRL key
plus click to follow link(s).

Thanks go to Doria Grimes and Diana Abney, Librarians, and Dr. Elaine
Collins, Information Specialist at the NOAA Central Library, and to
Kenneth Campana of the NOAA's National Centers for Environmental
Prediction (NCEP) for support and help with creating this bibliography.

Anna Fiolek

> Metadata Librarian

NOAA Central Library

Silver Spring, MD

> June, 2004

This bibliography is also available online at:
**http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/JNWPU/Bibliography_06_2004**

*[Activities of the Joint Numerical Weather Prediction
Unit]{.underline}*.1954?-June 1961? Suitland, Md.: Joint Numerical
Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.)

QC996 .J64 1955-1961 (Incomplete)

Continued by: *Activities of the Numerical Weather Prediction Group,
National Meteorological Center, U.S. Weather Bureau*.

[*Activities of the Numerical Weather Prediction Group, National
Meteorological Center, U.S. Weather Bureau*.]{.underline} July/Sept.
1961?-1963. National Meteorological Center (U.S.) Suitland, Md.:
Numerical Weather Prediction Group.

QC996 .J64 1962-1963 (Incomplete)

Previous title: *Activities of the Joint Numerical Weather Prediction
Unit.*

Continued by: *Numerical Weather Prediction Activities, National
Meteorological Center*.

Allen, Roger A. 1942. *[A review of some methods of long range
forecasting: a]{.underline}*

*[technical note]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, Weather Bureau.

[Abstract:]{.underline} "The results of these studies have been compiled
in individual reports which have been published as a group in Supplement
No. 39 of the Monthly Weather Review, entitled 'Reports on Critical
Studies of Methods of Long-Range Forecasting.' Credit for the work goes
entirely to the authors of the separate reports; the purpose of this
present paper is only to summarize briefly the methods and conclusions
as to their reliability as given in the published report."

QC997 .A45 1942

Årnason, Geirmundur.1957. *[A Convergent method for solving the balance
equation.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
Weather Bureau, Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph.
"January 10, 1957."

QC996 .T357 1957

CD-ROM: [Arnason_1957.PDF](../Arnason_1957.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Arnason_1957.PDF>

Årnason, Geirmundur. 1956. *[Convergence rates of Liebmann\'s and
Richardson\'s iterative methods when applied to the solution of a system
of Helmholtz\'-type equations]{.underline}*. 1956. Washington, D.C.:
Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical
memorandum (Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*; no. 10*.*
"July, 16, 1956."

QC996 .T33 no.10

CD-ROM: [Arnason_1956.PDF](../Arnason_1956.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Arnason_1956.PDF>

Årnason, Geirmundur. 1955. *[Results of 24-hour barotropic forecasts for
the 100 mb pressure]{.underline}*

*[surface.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather
Prediction Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical
Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*; no. 8. "Oct. 14, 1955."

QC996 .T33 no.8

CD-ROM: [Arnason_1955.PDF](../Arnason_1955.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Arnason_1955.PDF>

Auer, Stephen J. 1983. *[Gulf Stream system Landward surface edge
statistics]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather
Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical memorandum NWS
NMC*; 67*. "*October 1983."

QC996 .T33 no.67

Bedient, H. A., George P. Cressman. 1957. *[An experiment in automatic
data processing]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 85 (10):
333-340.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Bedient_Cressman_1957_Oct.PDF](../mwr-Bedient_Cressman_1957_Oct.PDF)

Internet:
[http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/085/mwr-085-10-0333.pdf](../%20http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/085/mwr-085-10-0333.pdf)

Bergthórrson, Páll, Bo R. Döös. 1955. *[Numerical weather map
analysis]{.underline}*. *Tellus* 7: 329-340

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Bergthorrson_1955.PDF](../1044.pdf)

Berson, F. A. 1962. *[On the influence of variable large-scale wind
systems on the heat balance in the active layer of the
ocean.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather
Bureau,

National Meteorological Center. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum
(National Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 25. "July 1962."

QC996 .T33 no.25

CD-ROM: [Berson_1962.PDF](../Berson_1962.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Berson_1962.PDF>

Bjerknes, Vilhelm. 1954. *[The problem of weather forecasting as a
problem in mechanics and physics]{.underline}*. Translated by: Yale
Mintz in 1954, from: *Das Problem der Wettervorhersage, betrachtet vom
Standpunkte der Mechanik und der Physik. 1904*

QC995 .B5513 1954

Bjerknes, Vilhelm. 1999. *[The problem of weather forecasting as a
problem in mechanics and physics]{.underline}*. Translated by: Yale
Mintz in 1954, from: *Das Problem der Wettervorhersage, betrachtet vom
Standpunkte der Mechanik und der Physik. 1904.* Reprinted in*: The life
cycles of extratropical cyclones.* Melvyn A. Shapiro, Sigbjørn Grønås,
editors. Boston, Mass.: American Meteorological Society, p. 1-4.

QC940.6 .L54 1999

CD-ROM: [Bjerknes_Repr_1999.PDF](../1005.pdf)

Bolin, B. 1950. *[On the influence of the Earth's orography on the
general character of westerlies]{.underline}*.

*Tellus* 2 (3): 184-195.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Bolin_1950.PDF](../1025.pdf)

Bonner, William D., Robert Van Haaren, Christopher M. Hayden. 1976.
*[Operational-type analyses derived without radiosonde data from Nimbus
5 and NOAA 2 temperature soundings]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Weather Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA
technical memorandum NWS NMC; 58.* "March 1976."

QC996 .T33 no.58

Bonner, William D., Paul L. Lemar, Robert J. Van Haaren, Armand J.
Desmarais, and Hugh M. O'Neil. 1976. *[A test of the impact of NOAA-2
VTPR soundings on operational analyses and forecasts]{.underline}*.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, National
Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 57.
"February 1976."

QC996 .T33 no.57

Brown, John A. 1962. *[Abstracts of recent Soviet publications on
numerical prediction, 1961]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center. *Technical
memorandum (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 24*.* "July
1962."

QC996 .T33 no.24

CD-ROM: [Brown_1962.PDF](../Brown_1962.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Brown_1962.PDF>

Brown, John A., Jr. 1959. *[Multiple linear regression equations
expressing heights of certain pressure surfaces.]{.underline}*
Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph.
*Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S*.));
no. 15. "April 7, 1959."

QC996 .T33 no.15

CD-ROM: [Brown_1959.PDF](../Brown_1959.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Brown_1959.PDF>

*[Bulletin (Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit
(U.S.))]{.underline}*. No.1 (1955)-no. 33 (1960). Suitland, Md.: U.S.
Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Joint Numerical Weather Prediction
Unit.

QC980 .T45 no. 1 (Effective 6 May, 1955)-no. 33 (Dec. 15, 1960)
Incomplete

CD-ROM: [Bulletins_1-36.PDF](../1101.pdf)

*[Bulletin (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))]{.underline}*. No.34
(1960)-no.38 (1967). Suitland, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather
Bureau, National Meteorological Center.

QC980 .T45 no. 34 (Dec. 1961)-no. 36 (1964) \[Nos. 37-38, missing\]

CD-ROM: [Bulletins_1-36.PDF](../1101.pdf)

Continued by: *Technical Procedures Bulletin.*

Campana, Kenneth. A.1978. *[Addition of orography to the semi-implicit
version of the Shuman-Hovermale model.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Weather Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA
technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 62. "April 1978."

QC996 .T33 no.62

Campana, Kenneth. A.1978. *[Semi-implicit higher order version of the
Shuman-Hovermale]{.underline}*

*[model]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather
Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical memorandum NWS
NMC*; 61. "April 1978."

QC996 .T33 no.61

Campana, Kenneth. A. 1974. *[Status report on a semi-implicit version of
the Shuman-Hovermale model]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
Weather Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical
memorandum NWS NMC*; 54. "March 1974."

QC996 .T33 no.54

Carstensen, Louis P. 1958. *[The comparison of geostrophic and Stream
winds with observed winds]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: Joint
Numerical Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum
(Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*; no. 14*.* "December
11, 1958."

QC996 .T33 no.14

CD-ROM: [Carstensen_1958.PDF](../Carstensen_1958.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Carstensen_1958.PDF>

Charney, Jule G., William J. Quirk, Shu Hsien Chow, Jack Kornfield.1977?
*[A comparative study of the effects of Albedo change on drought in
semi-arid regions]{.underline}*. New York: Institute for Space Studies,
Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Studies.

QC929.D8 C6 1977

Charney, Jule. G. 1951. *[Dynamic forecasting by numerical
process]{.underline}*. In*: Compendium of Meteorology.* Boston, Mass.:
American Meteorological Society, p. 470-482.

C852 .A5 1951

CD-ROM: [Charney_1951.PDF](../1008.pdf)

Charney, Jule. G. 1947. *[The dynamics of long waves in a baroclinic
westerly current]{.underline}*. *Journal of Meteorology* 4 (5): 135-162.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Charney_1947.PDF](../1026.pdf)

Charney, Jule. G. 1967. *[The intertropical convergence zone and the
Hadley circulation of the atmosphere.]{.underline}* Cambridge, Mass.:
Dept. of Meteorology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

QC880.4.I6 C3 1967

Charney, Jule G., R. Fjørtoft, J. von Neumann. 1950. *[Numerical
integration of the barotropic vorticity equation.]{.underline}* *Tellus*
2 (4): 237-254.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Charney_Fjortoft_Neumann_1950.PDF](../1017.pdf)

Charney, Jule. G., Norman A. Phillips. 1953. *[Numerical integration of
the quasi-geostrophic equations for barotropic and simple baroclinic
flows]{.underline}*. *Journal of Meteorology* 10 (2): 71-99.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Charney_Phillips_1953.PDF](../1023.pdf)

Charney, Jule G., A. Eliassen. 1949. *[A numerical method for predicting
the perturbations of the middle latitude westerlies]{.underline}*.
*Tellus* 1 (2): 38-54.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Charney_Eliassen_1949.PDF](../1016.pdf)

Charney, Jule. G. 1949. *[On a physical basis for numerical prediction
of large-scale motions in the atmosphere]{.underline}*. *Journal of
Meteorology* 6 (6): 371-385.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Charney_1949.PDF](../1006.pdf)

Charney, Jule. G. 1948. *[On the scale of atmospheric
motions]{.underline}*. *Geofysiske Publikasjoner* 17 (2): 3-17.

QC801 .N67 v.17, no.2

CD-ROM: [Charney_1948.PDF](../1014.pdf)

Charney, Jule. G. 1950. *[Progress in dynamic meteorology]{.underline}*.
*Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society* 31 (7): 231-236.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Charney_1950.PDF](../1007.pdf)

Clapp, Philip F. 1968. *[Northern Hemisphere cloud cover for selected
late fall seasons using TIROS nephanalyses.]{.underline}* Suitland, Md.:
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau. *ESSA Technical Memorandum*; 44.
"December 1968."

[Abstract:]{.underline} "Northern Hemisphere fields of mean cloudiness
were constructed using TIROS nephanalyses for the late-fall seasons
(Oct. to Dec.) of 3 years, 1962-64. These may be useful in studies of
cloud climatology and year-to-year variations of the earth-atmosphere
heat budget; and for designing and testing cloud-modeling procedures in
numerical experiments. Shortcomings were revealed in the present
subjective nephanalysis documentation which hopefully will soon

be corrected by the promising work now going on in digitizing the video
pictures."

QC996 .T33 no.44

CD-ROM: [Clapp_1968.PDF](../Clapp_1968.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Clapp_1968.PDF>

Clapp, Philip F., Francis J. Winninghoff. 1965. *[Tropospheric heating
and cooling for selected days and locations over the United States
during winter 1960 and spring 1962]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Dept. of Commerce, Environmental Science Services Administration,
Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center.\] *Technical note
(United States. Weather Bureau)* ; 22. *Technical memorandum (National
Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 34. "November 1965."

QC996 .T33 no.34

CD-ROM: [Clapp_Winninghoff_1965.PDF](../Clapp_Winninghoff_1965.PDF)

Internet:
<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Clapp_Winninghoff_1965.PDF>

Clapp, Philip F. 1962. *[Vertical distribution of atmospheric heating
and cooling at Washington, D.C., June and July 1961.]{.underline}*
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau, National
Meteorological Center. *Technical memorandum (National Meteorological
Center (U.S.))*; no. 21. "June 1962."

QC996 .T33 no.21

CD-ROM: [Clapp_1962.PDF](../Clapp_1962.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Clapp_1962.PDF>

Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction. 1^st^ (1974?)-\<16^th^
(2004)\> *[\[Conference papers\]]{.underline}*

QC996 .C62 4^th^ (1979)-12^th^ (1998)

13^th^ (1999) bound with: QC994.95 .C6 17th (1999)

14^th^ (2001) bound with: QC994.95 .C6 18th (2001)

15^th^ (2002) bound with: QC994.95 .C67 19^th^ (2002)

Internet: 16^th^ (2004) <http://www.ametsoc.org/meet/84annual>

Cressman, George P. 1958. *[Barotropic divergence and very long
atmospheric waves]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 86 (8):
293-297.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [mwr-Cressman_1958_Aug.PDF](../mwr-Cressman_1958_Aug.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/086/mwr-086-08-0293.pdf>

Cressman, George P. 1961. *[A diagnostic study of mid-tropospheric
development]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 89 (3):74-82.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [mwr-Cressman_1961_March.PDF](../mwr-Cressman_1961_March.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/089/mwr-089-03-0074.pdf>

Cressman, George P. 1960. *[Improved terrain effects in barotropic
forecasts]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 88 (9):327-342.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Cressman_1960_Sept_Dec.PDF](../mwr-Cressman_1960_Sept_Dec.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/088/mwr-088-09-0327.pdf>

Cressman, George P. 1957. *[An objective analysis study]{.underline}.
W*ashington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph.
*Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*;
no. 12. "June 1957."

[Abstract:]{.underline} "The method of objective analysis used by Joint
Numerical Weather Prediction Unit is described. The 12-hour forecast is
used as a starting map. The height field of the forecast is modified to
eliminate large scale height errors from the forecast and is then used
as a preliminary map for the final objective analysis. The final
analysis fits the data around each point to a quadratic surface
representing the height field. The 12-hour forecast wind and the
preliminary heights, suitably weighted, are used as auxiliary data. In
collaboration with Major H.A. Bedient, a modification of this method of
analysis has been developed for nongeostrophic objective analysis, i.e.,
one in which the relation between winds and heights is described by the
balance equation. The results of preliminary tests are given."

QC996 .T33 no.12

CD-ROM: [Cressman_1957.PDF](../Cressman_1957.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Cressman_1957.PDF>

Cressman, George P. 1959. *[An operational objective analysis
system]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 87 (10):367-374.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [mwr-Cressman_1959_Oct.PDF](../mwr-Cressman_1959_Oct.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/087/mwr-087-10-0367.pdf>

Cressman, George P., W. E. Hubert. 1957. *[A study of numerical
forecasting errors.]{.underline}* *Monthly Weather Review* 85 (7):
235-242.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Cressman_Hubert_1957_July.PDF](../mwr-Cressman_Hubert_1957_July.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/085/mwr-085-07-0235.pdf>

Cressman, George P. 1992-1995. \[Personal letters to Anders Persson,
1992-1995.\]

CD-ROM: [Cressman_1992-1995.PDF](../1117.pdf)

Cressman, George P. 1963. *[A Three-level model suitable for daily
numerical forecasting.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center. *Technical
memorandum (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 22.

QC996 .T33 no.22

CD-ROM: [Cressman_1963.PDF](../Cressman_1963.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Cressman_1963.PDF>

Derome, Jacques, Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1971. *[The response of a
middle-latitude model atmosphere to forcing by topography and stationary
heat sources.]{.underline}* *Monthly Weather Review* 99 (7):564-576.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Derome_Wiin-Nielsen_1971_July.PDF](../mwr-Derome_Wiin-Nielsen_1971_July.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/099/mwr-099-07-0564.pdf>

Desmarais, Armand J. 1972. *[Updating asynoptic data for use in
objective analyses]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
Weather Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical
memorandum NWS NMC*; 51. "December 1972."

QC996 .T33 no.51

Dey, Clifford H., John A. Brown, Jr. 1976. *[Decomposition of a wind
field on the sphere.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
Weather Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical
memorandum NWS NMC*; 59. "April 1976."

QC996 .T33 no.59

Dey, Clifford H., Ralph A. Petersen, Bradley A. Ballish, Peter M.
Caplan, Lauren L. Morone, H. Jean Thiebaux, Glen H. White, Henry E.
Fleming, Anthony L. Reale, Donald G. Gray, Mitchell D. Goldberg, Jamie
M. Daniels. 1989. *[An evaluation of NESDIS TOVS physical retrievals
using data impact studies]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
Weather Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical
memorandum NWS NMC*; 69. "June 1989."

[Abstract]{.underline}: "A new NESDIS technique to produce temperature
profiles from radiance information measured by satellite-born sensors
has been evaluated. The new procedure relies on explicit knowledge of
the physical processes involved, while the previous operational
procedure required only a set of a priori statistics. The evaluation was
performed using data impact studies, a departure from the previous NMC
practice of using only collocation statistics to make such evaluations.
Two real-time data impact studies were performed. The results of the
second data impact study led to operational use of temperature
retrievals produced by the new method, beginning on September 20, 1988.
The experiments demonstrate the necessity for a close cooperation
between a data producer (NESDIS) and a data user (NMC) as the
meteorological community moves toward an era of consolidated data
assimilation procedures."

QC996 .T33 no.69

Eady, E. T. 1949. *[Long waves and cyclone waves.]{.underline}* *Tellus*
1 (3): 33-52.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Eady_1949.PDF](../1027.pdf)

Eady, E. T. 1952. *[Note on weather computing and the so-called 2 ½-
dimensional model.]{.underline}* *Tellus* 4 (3): 157-167.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Eady_1952.PDF](../1021.pdf)

Eliassen, Arnt. 1962. *[On the use of a material layer model of the
atmosphere in numerical prediction.]{.underline}* In: International
Symposium on Numerical Weather Prediction (1960 :Tokyo, Japan).
*[Proceedings of the International Symposium on Numerical Weather
Prediction in Tokyo]{.underline}.* Tokyo: Meteorological Society of
Japan, 1962, p. 207-210.

QC996 .I58 1960

CD-ROM: [Eliassen_1962.PDF](../1111.pdf)

Eliassen, Arnt. 1956. *[A procedure for numerical integration of the
primitive equations of the two-parameter model of the
atmosphere]{.underline}*. \[Los Angeles, Calif.: University of
California, Los Angeles, Dept. of Meteorology.\] *Scientific report
(University of California, Los Angeles. Dept. of Meteorology : 1953)*;
no. 4. \[Contract No. AF19(604)-1286.\]

CD-ROM: [Eliassen_1956.PDF](../1040.pdf)

Eliassen, Arnt. 1954. *[Provisional report on calculation of spatial
covariance and autocorrelation of the pressure field.]{.underline}*
Reprinted from: Norske videnskaps-akademi. Institutt for Vær-og
Klimaforskning. Reports; no. 5 (Appendix). "September 1954."

CD-ROM: [Eliassen_1954.PDF](../1114.pdf)

Eliassen, Arnt. 1949. *[The quasi-static equations of motion with
pressure as independent variable]{.underline}*. *Geofysiske
Publikasjoner* 17 (3): 5-44.

QC801 .N67 v.17, no.3

CD-ROM: [Eliassen_1949.PDF](../1015.pdf)

Eliassen, Arnt. 1952. *[Simplified dynamic models of the atmosphere,
designed for the purpose of numerical weather prediction]{.underline}*.
*Tellus* 4 (3): 145-156.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Eliassen_1952.PDF](../1022.pdf)

Fawcett, Edvin B. 1962. *[Six years of operational numerical weather
prediction]{.underline}*. Reprinted from: *Journal of Applied
Meteorology* 1(3): 318-332.

QC996. F34 1962

Feit, David M. 1986. *[Compendium of marine meteorological and
oceanographic products]{.underline}*

*[of the Ocean Products Center]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Weather Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA
technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 68. "September 1986."

QC996 .T33 no.68

Feit, David M. 1989 *[Compendium of marine meteorological and
oceanographic products]{.underline}*

*[of the Ocean Products Center]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Weather Service, National Meteorological Center. *OPC
Contribution; no. 38. NOAA technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 68 (Rev. 1).
"June 1989."

QC996 .T33 no.68 (1989)

Finger, Frederick G., Arthur R. Thomas. 1973. *[Toward developing a
quality control system for rawinsonde reports.]{.underline}* 1973.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic

and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, National
Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 52.
"February 1973."

[Abstract]{.underline}: "Results of investigations indicate that many of
the problems that prevent rawinsonde data from reaching the user can be
rectified by proper quality control procedure. Methods have been
developed to test the effectiveness of quality control, and these have
resulted in significant

Improvements in data usage in NMC. Typically, data utilization from U.S.
moving ships in the Pacific was increased from 35% to 95% in less than 3
years; from the NWS Pacific Region, data procurement and use more than
doubled between 1968 and 1972; and improvements in data from
conterminous U.S. stations could be projected to indicate an increase of
5,000 additional

observations being processed annually at NMC. Data quality can be
improved and sustained only while active monitoring and deficiency
notification programs are in operation. When such programs are
terminated, data quality deteriorates to original levels. An effective
program to adequately control data quality must involve integrated
functions at data sources, communications centers, processing centers,
and, most importantly, headquarters elements."

QC996 .T33 no.52

Fjørtoft, Ragnar. 1952. *[On a numerical method of integrating the
barotropic vorticity equation]{.underline}*. *Tellus* 4: 179-194.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Fjortoft_1952.PDF](../1109.pdf)

Fjørtoft, Ragnar. 1962. *[On the integration of a system of
geostrophically balanced prognostic equations.]{.underline}* In:
International Symposium on Numerical Weather Prediction (1960 :Tokyo,
Japan). *[Proceedings of the International Symposium on Numerical
Weather Prediction in Tokyo]{.underline}.* Tokyo: Meteorological Society
of Japan, 1962, p. 153-158.

QC996 .I58 1960

CD-ROM: [Fjortoft_1962.PDF](../1110.pdf)

Gerrity, Joseph P. 1977. *[The LFM model - 1976: a
documentation]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather
Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical memorandum NWS
NMC*; 60. "December 1977."

QC996 .T33 no.60

Gerrity, Joseph P., Jr., Ronald D. McPherson. 1970. *[Noise analysis of
a limited-area fine-mesh prediction model.]{.underline}* Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Environmental Science Services
Administration, Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center. *ESSA
technical memorandum WBTM NMC*; 46. "February 1970."

[Abstract:]{.underline} "A diagnostic study of the mechanism responsible
for producing high wave number oscillations (noise) in the numerical
solution of the nonlinear equations governing a free surface,
barotropic, atmospheric model is reported. The oscillations are
identified as predominantly the result of the lattice of the difference
equations and the boundary conditions employed to

specified the solution. The analytic methods employed involved the use
of space and time sections of the numerical solutions to provide a set
of hypotheses. These are tested utilizing a one-dimensional linear
analog of the model equations. The solution of the linear equations is
obtained analytically, by the method of characteristics, and
numerically. Several possibilities for removing the noise are suggested.
Some improvement is demonstrated when the suggested methods are used in
the linear one-dimensional analog."

QC996 .T33 no.46

CD-ROM:
[Gerrity_McPherson_1970_Feb.PDF](../Gerrity_McPherson_1970_Feb.PDF)

Internet:
<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Gerrity_McPherson_1970_Feb.PDF>

Gerrity, Joseph P., Jr., Ronald D. McPherson. 1970. *[Recent studies of
computational stability]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, Environmental Science Services Administration, Weather Bureau,
National Meteorological Center. *ESSA technical memorandum WBTM NMC*;
48. "May 1970."

[Abstract:]{.underline} "Investigations of the computational stability
of finite difference formulations of the equations governing shallow
water, non-linear gravitational oscillations are reported. The
investigations consist of empirical analyses of the results of numerical
integration of the quasi-two-dimensional and fully two-dimensional
versions of the equations. The results obtained in the
quasi-two-dimensional experiments suggested the formulation of filters
for use in approximating the non-linear terms. By filtering certain high
frequency non-linear interactions, it is found possible to archive
relatively well-behaved long term integrations. A number of efforts to
extend this result to the fully two-dimensional equations are indicated.
One procedure was found to be practically successful, but is finally
rejected on the basis of the instability of its linear counterpart. The
paper concludes a critique of possible extensions of the investigation."

QC996 .T33 no.48

CD-ROM:
[Gerrity_McPherson_1970_May.PDF](../Gerrity_McPherson_1970_May.PDF)

Internet:
<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Gerrity_McPherson_1970_May.PDF>

Gerrity, Joseph P., Ronald D. McPherson, Stephen Scolnik. 1973. *[A
semi-implicit version of the Shuman-Hovermale model.]{.underline}*
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, National
Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 53. "July
1973."

QC996 .T33 no.53

Gilchrist, B., George P. Cressman. 1954. *[An experiment in objective
analysis]{.underline}*. *Tellus* 6 (4): 309-318.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM [Gilchrist_Cressman_1954.PDF](../1043.pdf)

Gilchrist, B. 1955. *[Introduction to numerical methods]{.underline}*.
In: Workshop on Numerical Weather Prediction (1954 : George Washington
University). *Proceedings of the Workshop on Numerical Weather
Prediction, held at George Washington University, Washington, D.C., June
2, 3, 4 1954*. Washington. D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau,
1955, p. 28-35.

QC996 .W68 1954

CD-ROM: [Gilchrist_1955.PDF](../JNWPU_2004_All/1116.pdf)

Gilchrist, B. 1954. *[The seasonal phase changes of thermally produced
perturbations in the westerlies]{.underline}*. In: Toronto
Meteorological Conference (1953). *Proceedings of the Toronto
Meteorological Conference, 1953, held from 9 to 15 September 1953*.
\[Co-sponsored by the American Meteorological Society.\] London: Royal
Meteorological Society, p. 129-132.

QC851 .T67 1953

CD-ROM: [Gilchrist_Sept_1954.PDF](../1029.pdf)

Gross, Edward. 1970. *[The National Air Pollution Potential Forecast
Program.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
Environmental Science Services Administration, Weather Bureau, National
Meteorological Center. *ESSA technical memorandum WBTM NMC*; 47. "May
1970."

Abstract: "Air Pollution Potential (APP) is definable as a measure of
the inability of the atmosphere to adequately dilute and disperse
pollutants emitted into it based on values of specific meteorological
parameters of the macroscale features. To delineate areas on the
macroscale in which high APP has the greatest probability of occurring,
a stagnation index has been developed independent of mixing height and
transport wind speed data. The associated

stagnation conditions are usually manifested stable stratification, weak
horizontal wind speed components and little, if any, significant
precipitation. We describe the numerical and subjective

means by which stagnation areas are delineated, mixing height and
transport wind speed calculated, and how high APP conditions are
transmitted to our users via facsimile and teletypewriter. The resulting
program is a joint effort of the Development Division of the National
Meteorological Center (NMC) and the Division of Meteorology of the
National Air Pollution Control Administration (NAPCA)."

QC996 .T33 no.47

CD-ROM: [Gross_1970.PDF](../Gross_1970.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Gross_1970.PDF>

Gustafson, Arthur F., James E. McDonell. 1965. *[The derivation of
first-guess fields for objective analyses, 1000 mb to 500
mb.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
Environmental Science Services Administration, Weather Bureau, National
Meteorological Center. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (National
Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 31.

[Abstract:]{.underline} "This memorandum describes the current NMC
numerical system of deriving first-guess fields for constant-pressure
height and temperature analyses up to 500 mb. This system, which became
operational at NMC in February 1965, insures reasonable static
stabilities as implied by the objective height analyses. It reduces the
amount and variety of bogus data previously used and allows the
monitoring analyst to concentrate on two key analyses only, i.e.,

the 1000 mb and 500 mb analyses."

QC996 .T33 no.31

CD-ROM: [Gustafson_McDonell_1965.PDF](../Gustafson_McDonell_1965.PDF)

Internet:
<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Gustafson_McDonell_1965.PDF>

Gustafson, Arthur F. 1965. *[Objective analysis of the
tropopause]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
Environmental Science Services Administration, Weather Bureau, National
Meteorological Center. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (National
Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 33.

[Abstract:]{.underline} "This memorandum describes the method and the
theoretical basis for an objective tropopause analysis program. this IBM
7094 program is used operationally at NMC to provide input to Dr.
Frederick Shuman\'s primitive equations, \'PE,\' forecast model. Two
fields for the 1977-point hemispheric grid are produced: one for the
tropopause pressure; the other for the tropopause temperature."

QC996 .T33 no.33

CD-ROM: [Gustafson_1965.PDF](../Gustafson_1965.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Gustafson_1965.PDF>

Gustafson, Arthur F. 1964. *[Objective isentropic
analysis]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center. Mimeograph. *Technical
memorandum (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 30.

QC996 .T33 no.30

CD-ROM: [Gustafson_1964.PDF](../Gustafson_1964.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Gustafson_1964.PDF>

Gustafson, Arthur F. 1963. *[A review of Soviet publications on
numerical prediction for 1962]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center.
Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (National Meteorological Center
(U.S.))*; no. 28.

QC996 .T33 no.28

CD-ROM: [Gustafson_1963.PDF](../Gustafson_1963.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Gustafson_1963.PDF>

The Institute for Advanced Study. *[The meteorology project: summary of
work under Contract N-6-ori-139 (1), NR 082-008 during calendar year
1952]{.underline}*. \[Princeton, N.J.: Institute for Advanced Study.\]

CD-ROM: [IAS_1952.PDF](../1024.pdf)

Hart, Harold B. 1965. *[Ten years of barotropic and baroclinic model
development at JNWPU/NMC]{.underline}*. \[Washington, D.C.:\] U.S. Army,
Air Weather Service, 36 p.

CD-ROM: [Hart_1965.PDF](../1100.pdf)

Hinkelmann, von K. 1959. *[Ein numerisches Experiment mit den primitiven
Gleichungen]{.underline}*. In: *The atmosphere and the sea in motion;
scientific contributions to the Rossby memorial volume*. Bert Bolin, ed.
New York, N.Y.: Rockefeller Institute Press, p. 486-500.

QC852 .B65 1959

CD-ROM: [Hinkelmann_1959.PDF](../1042.pdf)

The Institute for Advanced Study. *[Minutes of the meeting held at the
Institute for Advanced Study on August 5, 1952 on the subject of
practical numerical weather forecasting]{.underline}*. \[Princeton,
N.J.: Institute for Advanced Study.\]

CD-ROM: [IAS_Minutes_1952.PDF](../1030.pdf)

International Symposium on Numerical Weather Prediction (1960 : Tokyo,
Japan). 1962. *[Proceedings of the International Symposium on Numerical
Weather Prediction in Tokyo, November 7-13, 1960]{.underline}*. Tokyo,
Japan: Meteorological Society of Japan. "March 1962."

QC996 .I58 1960

Johnson, Richard H., Robert A. Houze, Jr. 2003. *[A half century of
progress in meteorology: a tribute to Richard Reed.]{.underline}*
Boston, Mass.: American Meteorological Society. *Meteorological
monographs (American Meteorological Society); no. 53.* "December 2003."

QC858.R4 H35 2003

Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.). 1955? *[Facts sheet:
Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit]{.underline}.* 1955? Mimeograph.
Not published. 5?

"A partnership of effort between: Air Weather Service, Air Force;
Aerology Service, Navy; Weather Bureau, Dept. of Commerce"\--P. \[1\].

QC996 .T342 1955

CD-ROM: [JNWPU_Fact Sheet_1955.PDF](../JNWPU_Fact%20Sheet_1955.PDF)

Internet:
[http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/JNWPU_Fact%20Sheet_1955.PDF](http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/JNWPU_Fact Sheet_1955.PDF)

Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.). 1957.*[One year of
operational numerical weather prediction]{.underline}*. *Bulletin of the
American Meteorological Society* 38 (5) pt.1: 263-268; pt.2: 315-328.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [JNWPU_1957.PDF](../1036.pdf)

Knighting, E. 1955. *[Reduction of truncation errors in symmetrical
operators]{.underline}.* Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Prediction
Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical Weather
Prediction Unit (U.S.))*; no. 3*.* "11 February 1955."

QC996 .T33 no.1-5

CD-ROM: [Knighting_1955_Feb.PDF](../Knighting_1955_Feb.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Knighting_1955_Feb.PDF>

Komabaysi, M., K. Miyakoda, M. Aihara, S. Manabe, and K. Katow. 1955.
*[The quantitative forecast of precipitation with the numerical
prediction method]{.underline}*. *Journal of the Meteorological Society
of Japan* 33 (5*)*: 205-216.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Kombayasi_Miyakoda_Aihara_1955.PDF](../1039.pdf)

LaRue, Jerrold A., Russell J. Youngkin. 1966. *[Saturation thickness
tables for the dry adiabatic, pseudo-adiabatic, and standard
atmospheres]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
Environmental Science Services Administration, Weather Bureau, National
Meteorological Center.

*Technical note (United States. Weather Bureau)* ; 30. *Technical
memorandum (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 35. "January
1966."

[Abstract]{.underline}: "The requirements for a complete moisture
parameter include not only measure of the degree of saturation but also
a measure of the quantity of water vapor. \"Saturation Thickness\" meets
these two requirements when the thickness of the layer is also
considered. The saturation thickness is defined as a hypothetical
thickness required to produce saturation, given the moisture quantity
and lapse rate of the layer. Tables of saturation thickness are given

for the moist and dry adiabatic, and U.S. Standard Atmosphere lapse rate
over a temperature range at 1000 mb of -40°C to +40°C. The 1000-500 mb
layer has been divided into the three layer intervals corresponding to
the standard radiosonde levels. The tables should obviate the efforts of
other investigators to derive this information. The significance of
errors arising

from assumptions and computational approximations is investigated in the
Appendix."

QC996 .T33 no.35

CD-ROM: [LaRue_Younkin_1966.PDF](../LaRue_Younkin_1966.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/LaRue_Younkin_1966.PDF>

Manabe, Syukuro, Smagorinsky, Joseph, Robert F. Strickler. 1965.
*[Simulated climatology of a general circulation model with a hydrologic
cycle.]{.underline}* *Monthly Weather Review* 93 (12): 769-798.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Manabe_Smagorinsky_Strickler_1965_Dec.PDF](../mwr-Manabe_Smagorinsky_Strickler_1965_Dec.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/093/mwr-093-12-0769.pdf>

Manabe, Syukuro, Joseph Smagorinsky. 1967. *[Simulated climatology of a
general circulation model with a hydrologic cycle. II, Analysis of the
tropical atmosphere]{.underline}.* *Monthly Weather Review* 95 (4):
155-170.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Manabe_Smagorinsky_1967_April.PDF](../mwr-Manabe_Smagorinsky_1967_April.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/095/mwr-095-04-0155.pdf>

Manabe, Syukuro, Joseph Smagorinsky, J. Leith Holloway, Hugh M. Stone.
1970. *[Simulated climatology of a general circulation model with a
hydrologic cycle. III, Effects of increased horizontal computational
resolution.]{.underline}* *Monthly Weather Review* 98 (3): 175-212.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Smagorinsky_Manabe_Holloway_Stone_1970.PDF](../mwr-Smagorinsky_Manabe_Holloway_Stone_1970.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/098/mwr-098-03-0175.pdf>

Marks, Donald G. 1992. *[The beta and advection model for hurricane
track forecasting.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
Weather Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical
memorandum NWS NMC*; 70. "January 1992."

QC996 .T33 no.70

Mathur, Makut B., Alan M. Shapiro. 1992. *[A Procedure to reduce
northward drift of tropical storms in a numerical model.]{.underline}*
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, National
Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 71. "July
1992."

QC996 .T33 no.71

McDonell, James E. 1962. *[On the objective analysis system used at the
National Meteorological Center.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center.
Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (National Meteorological Center
(U.S.))*; no. 23.

[Abstract:]{.underline} "Operational machine-made analyses have been
produced at NMC since April 1958 using the analysis scheme described by
Cressman in November 1959. No basic changes have been made in the
analysis methods, but many additions and changes have been incorporated
into analysis procedures presently in use. Currently, analyses of height
at 100 mb, and of height, temperature, and wind at 850, 700, 500, 300,
and 200 mb are made at least twice daily on the IBM 7090. These analyses
provide the initial input data for the forecast models being used at
NMC. This memorandum describes the modifications and additions which
have been made to improve the objective analysis system."

QC996 .T33 no.23

CD-ROM: [McDonell_1962.PDF](../McDonell_1962.PDF)

Internet:
[http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/McDonell_1962.PDF](http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Cressman_1963.PDF)

McDonell, James E. 1967. *[A Summary of the first-guess fields used for
operational analyses]{.underline}*. Suitland, Md.: U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, Environmental Science Services Administration, Weather Bureau,
National Meteorological Center. *Technical memorandum (National
Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 38. "February 1967."

QC996 .T33 no.38

CD-ROM: [McDonell_1967.PDF](../McDonell_1967.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/McDonell_1967.PDF>

McInturff, Raymond. M., Frederick G. Finger, Keith W. Johnson. 1979.
*[Day-night differences in radiosonde observations of the stratosphere
and troposphere.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather
Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical memorandum NWS
NMC*; 63. "September 1979."

QC996 .T33 no.63

McPherson, Ronald D. 1971. *[Recent research in numerical methods at the
National Meteorological Center.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Weather Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA
technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 50. "April 1971."

QC996 .T33 no.50

CD-ROM: [McPherson_1971.PDF](../McPherson_1971.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/McPherson_1971.PDF>

McPherson, Ronald D., Robert E. Kistler. 1975. *[Theoretical and
experimental comparison of selected time integration methods applied to
four-dimensional assimilation]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Weather Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA
technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 56. "April 1975."

QC996 .T33 no.56

Miyakoda, K., Joseph Smagorinsky, R. F. Strickler, G. D. Hembree. 1969.
*[Experimental extended predictions with a nine-level hemispheric
model.]{.underline}* *Monthly Weather Review* 97 (1): 1-76.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Miyakoda_Smagorinsky_Strickler_Hembree_1969.PDF](../mwr-Miyakoda_Smagorinsky_Strickler_Hembree_1969.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/097/mwr-097-01-0001.pdf>

National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Atmospheric Sciences and
Climate. 2000. *[From research to operations in weather satellites and
numerical weather prediction: crossing the Valley of
Death.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Available
online as "open book" only.

Internet: <http://www.nap.edu/books/0309069416/html>

*[The National Meteorological Center]{.underline}*. 1968. \[Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Environmental Science Services
Administration, Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center, 1968.\]

QC996 .N37 1968

*[The National Meteorological Center.]{.underline}* 1971. \[Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Meteorological Center.\]

QC996 .N37 1971

*[National Meteorological Center newsletter]{.underline}*. \<1971-1975\>
Suitland, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Weather Service, National Meteorological
Center.

JOURNALS

Continued by: *Newsletter (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))*

*[Newsletter (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))]{.underline}*
\<1978\> Suitland, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, National
Meteorological Center.

JOURNALS

Previous title: *National Meteorological Center Newsletter.*

Continued by: *The NMC News*.

*[The NMC news]{.underline}*. \<1994-1995\> Suitland, Md.: U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
Weather Service, National Meteorological Center.

JOURNALS

Previous title: *Newsletter (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))*

Newell, John E., Dennis G. Deaven. 1981. *[The LFM-II model --
1980.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service,
National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 66.
"August 1981."

QC996 .T33 no.66

Nitta, Takashi, John B. Hovermale. 1967. *[On analysis and
initialization for the primitive forecast equations.]{.underline}*
Suitland, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Environmental Science Services
Administration, Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center.
*Technical memorandum (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 42.

QC996 .T33 no.42

CD-ROM: [Nitta_Hovermale_1967.PDF](../Nitta_Hovermale_1967.PDF)

Internet:
<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Nitta_Hovermale_1967.PDF>

Nitta, Takashi, Kazuo Saito. 2004. *[Early history of the operational
numerical weather prediction in Japan]{.underline}*. \[From the authors'
personal collection.\]

CD-ROM: [Nitta_Saito_2004.PDF](../1113.pdf)

*[Numerical weather prediction]{.underline}*. \[Excerpts.\] 1956.
\[Prepared under the supervision of LCDR Albert L. Stickles, II, USN
with the assistance of LCDR Milton B. Moreland, USN and others.\]
Washington, D.C.: United States, Office of the Chief of Naval
Operations. *NAVAER*; 50-1P-541. "June 1956."

CD-ROM: [NWP_NAVEAR_50-1P-541_1956.PDF](../1115.pdf)

*[Numerical weather prediction activities, National Meteorological
Center]{.underline}*. 1964-\<1971\> Suitland, Md.: U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center.

QC996 .J64 1st. half (1964)-2nd half (1971)

Previous title: *Activities of the Numerical Weather Prediction Group,
National Meteorological Center, U.S. Weather Bureau.*

O\'Connor, James. F. 1966. *[Catalog of 5-day mean 700-mb height anomaly
centers 1947-1963]{.underline}*

*[and suggested applications]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, Environmental

Science Services Administration, Weather Bureau, National Meteorological
Center.

*Technical note (United States. Weather Bureau)* ; 40. *Technical
memorandum (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 37. "April
1966."

[Abstract:]{.underline} "All significant centers of height departures
from normal throughout the Northern Hemisphere north of 20ºN for two
5-day periods each week from 1947 to 1963 are presented in catalog form.
The locations of centers are grouped according to the nearest 10º of
latitude and longitude, and by sing and season. The sign, date, and
intensity identify centers within each group. A discussion of uses and
plans for group processing are included."

QC996 .T33 no.37

CD-ROM: [O\'Connor_1966.PDF](../O'Connor_1966.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/O'Connor_1966.PDF>

**Office Notes series:** Office notes no. 1**-**437 are available online
in PDF format from the NOAA's National Centers for Environmental
prediction home page at: <http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/officenotes/>

> 1\. *[Office notes (Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit
> (U.S.)).]{.underline}* No. 1 (1955)-no. 15 (1958).

2\. *[Office notes (National Meteorological Center
(U.S.)).]{.underline}* No. 16 (1960)-no. 410 (1995)

> 3\. *[Office notes (National Centers for Environmental Prediction
> (U.S.)).]{.underline}* No. 411 (1995)-present.
>
> Note: Some issues are missing.

Økland, Hans. 1969. *[On a certain type of integration error in
numerical weather prediction models]{.underline}*. Suitland, Md.: U.S.
Dept. of Commerce, Environmental Science Services Administration,
Weather Bureau. *ESSA technical memorandum WBTM NMC*; 45. "September
1969."

[Abstract:]{.underline} "Certain truncation errors occur in numerical
weather prediction models when a grid-point representation of the
variables is used to simulate advection phenomena. The errors are
manifest by excessive values of the variables and upstream propagation
of small-scale noise. The mechanism causing these errors is studied by
numerical experiments and harmonic analysis. Several ways to avoid or
prevent errors of this kind are cited. Inclusion of a horizontal
diffusion term in the scheme may be necessary to remove the errors
completely."

QC996 .T33 no.45

CD-ROM: [Okland_1969.PDF](../Okland_1969.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Okland_1969.PDF>

*[On the general circulation of the atmosphere in middle
latitudes]{.underline}*. 1947. By the Staff Members of the Department of
Meteorology of the University of Chicago. *Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society* 28 (6): 255-280.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Staff_Dept_Met_UC.1947.PDF](../1013.pdf)

Panofsky, H. A. 1949. *[Objective weather map analysis]{.underline}*.
*Journal of Meteorology* 6: 386-392.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Panofsky_1949.PDF](../1045.pdf)

Persson, Anders. 1992-1995. \[Personal letters from George P. Cressman,
1992-1995.\]

CD-ROM: [Cressman_1992-1995.PDF](../JNWPU_2004_All/1117.pdf)

Persson, Anders. 2004. *[Early operational numerical weather prediction
outside the USA: an outline to a history]{.underline}*. "*17 May 2004*."
Not published yet?

CD-ROM: [Persson_2004.PDF](../JNWPU_2004_All/1118.pdf)

Phillips, Norman A.1957. *[A coordinate system having some special
advantages for numerical forecasting.]{.underline}* *Journal of
Meteorology* 14: 184-185.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Phillips_1957.PDF](../1107.pdf)

Phillips, Norman A. 1956. *[The general circulation of the atmosphere: a
numerical experiment]{.underline}*. *Quarterly Journal of the Royal
Meteorological Society* 82 (352): 123-164.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Phillips_1956.PDF](../1009.pdf)

Phillips, Norman A. 1962. *[Numerical integration of the hydrostatic
system of equations with a modified version of the Eliassen
finite-difference grid]{.underline}*. In: International Symposium on
Numerical Weather Prediction (1960 :Tokyo, Japan). *[Proceedings of the
International Symposium on Numerical Weather Prediction in
Tokyo]{.underline}.* Tokyo: Meteorological Society of Japan, 1962, p.
109-120.

QC996 .I58 1960

CD-ROM: [Phillips_1962.PDF](../1106.pdf)

Phillips, Norman A. 1959. *[Numerical integration of the primitive
equations on the hemisphere.]{.underline}* *Monthly Weather Review* 87
(9): 333-346.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [mwr-Phillips_1959_Sept.PDF](../mwr-Phillips_1959_Sept.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/087/mwr-087-09-0333.pdf>

Phillips, Norman A., W. Blumen, O. Cotè. 1960. *[Numerical weather
prediction in Soviet Union]{.underline}*. *Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society* 41 (11): 599-617.

QC851 .A6 v.40, no.11

CD-ROM: [Phillips_Blumen_Cote_1960.PDF](../1012.pdf)

Phillips, Norman A.1951. *[A simple three-dimensional model for the
study of large-scale extratropical flow patterns]{.underline}. Journal
of Meteorology* 8 (6): 381-394.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Phillips_1951.PDF](../1020.pdf)

Phillips, Norman A. 2000. *[The start of numerical weather prediction in
the United States]{.underline}*.

In: *50-years numerical weather prediction.* Berlin: Deutsche
Meteorologische Gesellschaft, p. 13-28. Also published with different
title: *A review of theoretical questions in the early days of NWP*. In:
*50th anniversary of numerical weather prediction commemorative
symposium, Potsdam, 9-10 March 2000: book of lectures*. Edited by the
Secretariat of the German Meteorological Society and the European
Meteorological Society. Berlin: Deutsche Meteorologische Gesellschaft,
2000.

CD-ROM:
[Phillips_2000.PDF](../../../../../../../../F:/JNWPU_2004_All/1003.pdf)

Platzman, George W. 1979. *[The ENIAC computations 1950: gateway to
numerical weather prediction]{.underline}*. *Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society* 60 (4): 302-312.

[Abstract:]{.underline} "The first numerical weather prediction was made
on the ENIAC computer in 1950. This lecture gives some of the historical
background of that event and a partially narrative account of it."

QC851 .A6 v.60, no.4

CD-ROM: [Platzman_1979.PDF](../1011.pdf)

Platzman, George W. 1968. *[Richardson's weather
prediction]{.underline}*. *Bulletin of the American Meteorological
Society* 49 (5) pt.1: 496-500. \[Richardson's 1952 letter to Charney.\]

QC851 .A6 v.19, no.5

CD-ROM: [Platzman_1968.PDF](../1001.pdf)

Platzman, George W. 1955. *[Survey of the present worldwide status of
work in field of numerical weather prediction.]{.underline}* Conducted
by: The University of Chicago, Dept. of Meteorology.

"Summary of work being done in the field of numerical weather prediction
by individuals of organization who responded to a questionnaire from The
University of Chicago dated 17 October 1955. Prepared by Gene E.
Birchfield."

CD-ROM: [Platzman_Survey_1955.PDF](../1049.pdf)

Electronic access to more information on the survey:
<http://www.cbi.umn.edu/collections/inv/cbi00036.html>

Polger, Paul D. 1974. *[An evaluation of the National Meteorological
Center\'s experimental boundary layer model.]{.underline}* Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Weather Service, National Meteorological
Center. *NOAA technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 55. "December 1974."

QC996 .T33 no.55

Polger, Paul D. 1971. *[A Study of non-linear computational instability
for a two-dimensional model.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
Weather Service, National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical
memorandum NWS NMC*; 49. "February 1971."

QC996 .T33 no.49

CD-ROM: [Polger_1971.PDF](../Polger_1971.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Polger_1971.PDF>

Reed, Richard J. 1963. *[Experiments in 1000 mb prognosis]{.underline}*.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau, National
Meteorological Center. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (National
Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 26.

[Abstract:]{.underline} "The main purpose of the present memorandum is
to describe and compare the results of the two experiments in 1000 mb
prognosis. In section 2, the modeling assumptions and computational
procedures of the Eulerian experiment are reviewed. The results of the
experiment are evaluated subjectively in section 3 and some sample
forecasts are shown. The background

of the quasi-Lagrangian experiment is outlined in section 4. Finally
comparisons of the Eulerian and Lagrangian solutions in a limited number
of cases are presented in section 5."

QC996 .T33 no.26

CD-ROM: [Reed_1963.PDF](../Reed_1963.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Reed_1963.PDF>

Richardson, Lewis Fry. 1922. *[Weather prediction by numerical
process]{.underline}*. Cambridge, England: University Press.

QC996 .R65 1922

Richardson, Lewis Fry. Rep. 1965. *[Weather prediction by numerical
process]{.underline}*. New York, NY: Dover Publications. \[With a new
introduction by Sydney Chapman.\]

QC996 .R65 Rep. (1965)

Robert, André J., Frederick Shuman, Joseph P. Gerrity, Jr. 1970. *[On
partial difference equations in mathematical physics.]{.underline}*
*Monthly Weather Review* 98 (1): 1-6.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [mwr-Robert_1970_Jan.PDF](../mwr-Robert_1970_Jan.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/098/mwr-098-01-0001.pdf>

Sasaki, Y. 1958. *[An objective analysis based on the variational
method]{.underline}*. *Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan*
36 (3*)*: 77-88.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Sasaki_1958.PDF](../1046.pdf)

Sela, Joseph, A. Wiin-Nielsen. 1971. *[Simulation of the atmospheric
annual energy cycle.]{.underline}* *Monthly Weather Review* 99
(6):460-468.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Sela_Wiin-Nielsen_1971_June.PDF](../mwr-Sela_Wiin-Nielsen_1971_June.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/099/mwr-099-06-0460.pdf>

Scorer, Richard. 1951. *[Correspondence. Atmospheric signal
velocity.]{.underline}* *Journal of Meteorology* 8: 68-70. \[Exchange of
views between Richard Scorer and Jule Charney\]

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Scorer_Charney_1951.PDF](../1002.pdf)

Shuman, Frederick G. 1955. *[The analytic solution of a linear partial
finite difference equation.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: Joint
Numerical Prediction Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (Joint
Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*; no. 4*.* "2 March 1955

QC996 .T33 no.1-5

CD-ROM: [Shuman_1955_Mar.PDF](../Shuman_1955_Mar.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Shuman_1955_Mar.PDF>

Shuman, Frederick G., Lloyd W. Vanderman. 1966. *[Difference system and
boundary conditions for the primitive-equation barotropic
forecast]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 94 (5):329-336.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Shuman_Vanderman_1966_May.PDF](../mwr-Shuman_Vanderman_1966_May.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/094/mwr-094-05-0329.pdf>

Shuman, Frederick G. 1955. *[A method of designing finite-difference
smoothing operators to]{.underline}*

*[meet specifications]{.underline}.* Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical
Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (Joint
Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*; no. 7. "June 2, 1955."

QC996 .T33 no.7

CD-ROM: [Shuman_1955_Jun.PDF](../Shuman_1955_Jun.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Shuman_1955_Jun.PDF>

Shuman, Frederick G. 1955. *[A method for solving the balance
equation]{.underline}.* Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Prediction
Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical Weather
Prediction Unit (U.S.))*; no. 6. "23 May 1955."

QC996 .T33 no.6

CD-ROM: [Shuman_1955_May.PDF](../Shuman_1955_May.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Shuman_1955_May.PDF>

Shuman, Frederick G., John D. Stackpole. 1968. *[Note on the formulation
of finite difference equations incorporating a map scale
factor]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 96 (3): 157-161.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Shuman_Stackpole_1968_March.PDF](../mwr-Shuman_Stackpole_1968_March.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/096/mwr-096-03-0157.pdf>

Shuman, Frederick G. 1957. *[Numerical methods in weather prediction. I,
The balance equation.]{.underline} Monthly Weather Review* 85 (10):
329-332.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Shuman_Oct_1957.PDF](../1047.pdf)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/085/mwr-085-10-0329.pdf>

Shuman, Frederick G. 1957. *[Numerical methods in weather prediction II,
Smoothing and filtering]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 85 (11):
357-361.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Shuman_Nov_1957.PDF](../1048.pdf)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/085/mwr-085-11-0357.pdf>

Shuman, Frederick G. 1985. *[Numerical weather prediction and satellite
observations]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental
Satellite, Data, and Information Service. *ENVIROSAT-2000 report*.
"August 1985."

QC996 .S5 1985

Shuman, Frederick G. 1957. *[Predictive consequences of certain physical
inconsistencies in the geostrophic barotropic model]{.underline}*.
*Monthly Weather Review* 85 (7): 229-234.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [mwr-Shuman_1957_July.PDF](../mwr-Shuman_1957_July.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/085/mwr-085-07-0229.pdf>

Shuman, Frederick G., L. P. Carstensen. 1952. *[A preliminary tornado
forecasting system for Kansas and Nebraska]{.underline}*. *Monthly
Weather Review* 80 (12): 233-240.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Shuman_Carstensen_1952_Dec.PDF](../mwr-Shuman_Carstensen_1952_Dec.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/080/mwr-080-12-0233.pdf>

Shuman, Frederick G. 1956. *[Spurious deepening in baroclinic prediction
models]{.underline}.* Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather
Prediction Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical
Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*; no. 9*.* "January 3, 1955."

QC996 .T33 no.9

CD-ROM: [Shuman_1956.PDF](../Shuman_1956.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Shuman_1956.PDF>

Smagorinsky, Joseph.1983. *[The beginnings of numerical weather
prediction and general circulation modeling: early
recollections]{.underline}*. *Advances in Geophysics* 25: 1-37.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Smagorinsky_1983.PDF](../1010.pdf)

Smagorinsky, Joseph. 1953. *[The dynamical influence of large-scale heat
sources and sinks on the quasi-stationary mean motions of the
atmosphere]{.underline}*. *Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological
Society* 79: 342-366.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Smagorinsky_1953.PDF](../1028.pdf)

Smagorinsky, Joseph. 1963. *[General circulation experiment with the
primitive equations. I, The basic experiment.]{.underline}* *Monthly
Weather Review* 91 (3):99-164.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Smagorinsky_1963_March.PDF](../mwr-Smagorinsky_1963_March.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/091/mwr-091-03-0099.pdf>

Smagorinsky, Joseph, Syukuro Manabe, J. Leith Holloway. 1965.
*[Numerical results from a nine-level general circulation model of the
atmosphere]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 93 (12): 727-768.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Smagorinsky_Manabe_Holloway_1965_Dec.PDF](../mwr-Smagorinsky_Manabe_Holloway_1965_Dec.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/093/mwr-093-12-0727.pdf>

Smagorinsky, Joseph. 1957. *[On the inclusion of moist adiabatic process
in numerical prediction models]{.underline}. Berichte des Deutschen
Wetterdienstes* 38:82-90

QC857.G3 A3 no. 38

CD-ROM: [Smagorinsky_1957.PDF](../1038.pdf)

Smagorinsky, Joseph. 1958. *[On the numerical integration of the
primitive equations of motion for baroclinic flow in a closed
region]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 86 (12): 457-466.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Smagorinsky_1958.PDF](../1041.pdf)

Smagorinsky, Joseph., G. O. Collins. 1955. *[On the numerical prediction
of precipitation]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 83 (3): 53-68.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Smagorinsky_Collins_1955.PDF](../1037.pdf)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/083/mwr-083-03-0053.pdf>

Stackpole, John D. 1967. *[The air pollution potential forecast
program]{.underline}*. Suitland, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
Environmental Science Services Administration, Weather Bureau, National
Meteorological Center. *Technical memorandum (National Meteorological
Center (U.S.))*; no. 43*.* "November 1967."

QC996 .T33 no.43

CD-ROM: [Stackpole_1967_Nov.PDF](../Stackpole_1967_Nov.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Stackpole_1967_Nov.PDF>

Stackpole, John D. 1967. *[Detailed sounding analysis and computer
forecasts of the lifted index]{.underline}*. Suitland, Md.: U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, Environmental Science Services Administration, Weather
Bureau, National Meteorological Center. *Technical memorandum (National
Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 41. "August 1967."

[Abstract:]{.underline} "With the recent availability of numerical means
of calculating pseudo-adiabatic lapse rates, it has become possible to
perform rather detailed sounding analyses in a routine operational
manner. A number of stability and energetic parameters derived from
sounding analysis, which are computed at NMC, are described. Also, with
the inclusion of various moisture parameters into the six-layer
primitive equation (PE) forecast model, it is possible to make forecasts
of a somewhat simpler stability parameter, the lifted index. The method
of calculation of this quantity and some sample forecasts are
presented."

QC996 .T33 no.41

CD-ROM: [Stackpole_1967_Aug.PDF](../Stackpole_1967_Aug.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Stackpole_1967_Aug.PDF>

Stackpole, John D. 1978. *[Operational prediction models at the National
Meteorological]{.underline}*

*[Center]{.underline}*. Suitland, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service,
National Meteorological Center.

QC996 .S7 1978

**Technical Memorandum series (QC996 .T33):**

Technical memoranda no. 1-50 also available online in PDF format. For
access see individual author entries.

1\. *[Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit
(U.S.))]{.underline}*

No. 1 (1955) -- no. 19 (1961)

2\. *[Technical memorandum (National Meteorological Center
(U.S.))]{.underline}*

No. 20 (1962) -- no. 43 (1967)

> **Note**: nos. 20-21, issued by the National Meteorological Center,
> Numerical Weather Prediction Group; nos. 22-43, issued by the U.S.
> Dept. of Commerce, Environmental Science Services Administration.

3\. *[ESSA technical memorandum WBTM NMC.]{.underline}*

No. No. 44 (1968) -- no. 48 (1970)

4\. *[NOAA technical memorandum NWS NMC.]{.underline}*

No. 49 (1971)-\<latest issue consulted: no. 71 (1992)\>

*[Technical procedures bulletin]{.underline}*. 1967-\<1995\> Suitland,
Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Environmental Science Services
Administration, Weather Bureau.

QC980 .T45 no. 1(1967)-no. 428 (1995) (Incomplete)

Electronic access: Some issues (1995-2002) available online:
<http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/tpbpr.shtml>

Previous title: *Bulletin (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))*

Thompson, Philip Duncan. 1955. *[An iterative method for solving an
elliptic equation with variable coefficients and its
convergence.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Prediction
Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical Weather
Prediction Unit (U.S.))*; no. 5. "8 March 1955." Bound with other
numbers in series (QC996 .T33 no.1-no.5).

QC996 .T33 no.1-5

CD-ROM: [Thompson_1955_Mar_0001.PDF](../Thompson_1955_Mar_0001.PDF)

Internet:
<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Thompson_1955_Mar_0001.PDF>

Thompson, Philip Duncan. 1961. *[Numerical weather analysis and
prediction]{.underline}*. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan.

QC996 .T45 1961

Thompson, Philip Duncan. 1957. *[Numerical prediction: an exposition and
review for the nonspecialist]{.underline}.* Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept.
of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit.
Mimeograph. "18 April 1957."

QC996 .T356 1957

CD-ROM: [Thompson_1957_Apr.PDF](../Thompson_1957_Apr.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Thompson_1957_Apr.PDF>

Thompson, Philip Duncan. 1953. *[On the theory of large-scale
disturbances in a two-dimensional baroclinic equivalent of the
atmosphere]{.underline}. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological
Society* 79: 51-69.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM: [Thomson_1953.PDF](../1031.pdf)

Thompson, Philip Duncan. 1955. *[Optimum smoothing two-dimensional
fields]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather
Prediction Unit. Mimeograph. "26 April 1955."

QC996 .T352 1955

CD-ROM: [Thompson_1955_Apr.PDF](../Thompson_1955_Apr.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Thompson_1955_Apr.PDF>

Thompson, Philip Duncan. 1955. *[Reduction of truncation errors in the
computation of geostrophic advection and other Jacobians]{.underline}.*
Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph.
*Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*;
no. 1. "9 January, 1955."

QC996 .T33 no.1-5

CD-ROM: [Thompson_1955_Jan.PDF](../Thompson_1955_Jan.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Thompson_1955_Jan.PDF>

Thompson, Philip Duncan. 1955. *[Reduction of truncation errors in the
computation of geostrophic vorticity, the Laplacian operator and its
inverse]{.underline}.* Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather
Prediction Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical
Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*; no. 2. "8 February 1955."

QC996 .T33 no.1-5

CD-ROM: [Thompson_1955_Feb.PDF](../Thompson_1955_Feb.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Thompson_1955_Feb.PDF>

Thompson, Philip Duncan. 1957*[. Statistical aspects of the dynamics of
quasi-nondivergent and divergent baroclinic models]{.underline}*.
Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph.
"25 May 1957."

QC996 .T353 1957

CD-ROM: [Thompson_1957_May.PDF](../Thompson_1957_May.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Thompson_1957_May.PDF>

Thompson, Philip Duncan. 1956. *[A two-parameter nongeostrophic model
suitable for routine numerical weather forecasting]{.underline}*.
Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph.
*Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.));
no. 11.* "18 July 1956."

QC996 .T33 no.11

CD-ROM: [Thompson_1956_July.PDF](../Thompson_1956_July.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Thompson_1956_July.PDF>

Thompson, Philip Duncan. 1955. *[A theory of large-scale disturbances in
nongeostrophic flow]{.underline}*. \[Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical
Weather Prediction Unit.\] "30 March 1955."

[Abstract]{.underline}: "The primary aim of this paper is to derive a
complete system of modified hydrodynamical equations, which govern a
large class of \'meteorological\' motions of the atmosphere, but which
cannot generate solutions corresponding to sound and gravity waves. The
latter have no significant effect on the behavior of the large-scale
disturbances; they do, however, create serious computational
difficulties through the mere possibility of their mathematical
extreme), and cannot be resolved by measurements at widely separated
points. By a detailed analysis of the motion of a linear system, it has
been found that the omission of the total derivative of the horizontal
divergence from the divergence equation is necessary to exclude gravity
wave solutions. In effect, this modification diverts all of the
transformed internal and potential energy into the wave energy of the
large-scale disturbances. In slightly stronger form, this type of
modification is also sufficient to exclude gravity wave solutions from
the general nonlinear equations, and is essentially a generalization of
the \'filtering approximations\' introduced by Charney (1948). The
scheme proposed for integrating the modified nonlinear equations is an
iterative method, whereby a conditionally convergent sequence of
approximate solutions can be generated from a known initial distribution
of pressure. this method is applied to the solution of a system of
equations which are one order of approximation higher than the equations
of quasi-geostrophic motion, and provides basis for practicable method
of numerical forecasting."

QC996 .T35 1955

CD-ROM: [Thompson_1955_Mar_0002.PDF](../Thompson_1955_Mar_0002.PDF)

Internet:
<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Thompson_1955_Mar_0002.PDF>

Thompson, Philip Duncan. 1956. *[Uncertainty of initial state as a
factor in the predictability of large-scale atmospheric flow
patterns]{.underline}*. \[Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather
Prediction Unit.\] Mimeograph. "26 December 1956."

QC996 .T353 1956

CD-ROM: [Thompson_1956_Dec.PDF](../Thompson_1956_Dec.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Thompson_1956_Dec.PDF>

Vanderman, Lloyd W. 1960. *[200-MB forecasts.]{.underline}* Washington,
D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical
memorandum (Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*; no. 18.
"May 1960."

QC996 .T33 no.18

CD-ROM: [Vanderman_1960.PDF](../Vanderman_1960.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Vanderman_1960.PDF>

Vanderman, Lloyd W. 1959. *[Hurricane forecasting.]{.underline}*
Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph.
*Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*;
no. 16. "20 August, 1959."

QC996 .T33 no.16

CD-ROM: [Vanderman_1959.PDF](../Vanderman_1959.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Vanderman_1959.PDF>

Vanderman, Lloyd W. 1963. *[Summary of verification of numerical
operational tropical cyclone forecast tracks for 1962]{.underline}*.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau, National
Meteorological Center. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (National
Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 27. "January 1963."

QC996 .T33 no.27

CD-ROM: [Vanderman_1963.PDF](../Vanderman_1963.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Vanderman_1963.PDF>

Vanderman, Lloyd W. 1964. *[Summary of verification of numerical
operational tropical cyclone forecast tracks for 1963]{.underline}*.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau, National
Meteorological Center. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (National
Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 29. "February 1964."

QC996 .T33 no.29

CD-ROM: [Vanderman_1964.PDF](../Vanderman_1964.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Vanderman_1964.PDF>

Vanderman, Lloyd W. 1965. *[Summary of verification of numerical
operational tropical cyclone forecast tracks for 1964]{.underline}*.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Environmental

Science Services Administration, Weather Bureau, National Meteorological
Center.\]

Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (National Meteorological Center
(U.S.))*; no. 32. "September 1965."

QC996 .T33 no.32

CD-ROM: [Vanderman_1965.PDF](../Vanderman_1965.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Vanderman_1965.PDF>

Vanderman, Lloyd W. 1966. *[Summary of verification of numerical
operational tropical cyclone forecast tracks for 1965]{.underline}*.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Environmental

Science Services Administration, Weather Bureau, National Meteorological
Center.

Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (National Meteorological Center
(U.S.))*; no. 36.

QC996 .T33 no.36 (Missing)

Vanderman, Lloyd W. 1962. *[Verification of numerical weather prediction
operational hurricane and typhoon forecasts for 1961]{.underline}*.
Washington, D.C.: Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center.
Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (National Meteorological Center
(U.S.))*; no. 20. "January 1962."

QC996 .T33 no.20

CD-ROM: [Vanderman_1962.PDF](../Vanderman_1962.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Vanderman_1962.PDF>

Wagner, A. James. 1967. *[Objective numerical prediction out to six days
using the primitive equation model-A test case]{.underline}.* Suitland,
Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Environmental Science Services
Administration, Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center.
*Technical memorandum (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 39.
"May 1967."

[Abstract:]{.underline} "This report is a brief summary of the results
of a test case study using the primitive equations to make numerical
predictions out to six days after the initial time. Daily and select
5-day mean chart of 500-, 700-, and 1000-mb height and 1000 to 500- and
1000 to 700-mb thickness, along with their departures from normal, where
produced directly from the model. For

comparison, the barotropic 500-mb forecast heights were also obtained,
and both primitive and barotropic forecasts were compared with the
observed heights and thicknesses."

QC996 .T33 no.39

CD-ROM: [Wagner_1967.PDF](../Wagner_1967.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Wagner_1967.PDF>

*[Weather and its latest forecaster]{.underline}*. 1956. Reprinted from:
*Business Machines,* April 27, 1956. Endicott, N.Y.: IBM.

QC996 .W32 1956

Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1966*[. The contribution of divergent wind components
to the energy exchange between the baroclinic and barotropic
components]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 94 (1):1-8.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1966_Jan.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1966_Jan.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/094/mwr-094-01-0001.pdf>

Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1961. *[Diagnosis of divergence in a three-parameter
numerical prediction model]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 89
(3):67-73.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1961_March.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1961_March.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/089/mwr-089-03-0067.pdf>

Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1964. *[Energy conversion calculations]{.underline}*.
*Monthly Weather Review* 92 (4):161-167.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1964_Apr.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1964_Apr.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/092/mwr-092-04-0161.pdf>

Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1960. *[A Note on the thermal structure of waves in a
simple baroclinic model]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: Joint Numerical
Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum (Joint
Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*; no. 17. "16 May 1960."

QC996 .T33 no.17

CD-ROM: [Wiin-Nielsen_1960.PDF](../Wiin-Nielsen_1960.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Wiin-Nielsen_1960.PDF>

Wiin-Nielsen, A., Margaret Drake. 1966. *[An observational study of
kinetic energy conversions in the atmosphere]{.underline} .* *Monthly
Weather Review* 94 (4):221-230.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_Drake_1966_Apr.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_Drake_1966_Apr.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/094/mwr-094-04-0221.pdf>

Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1959. *[On barotropic and baroclinic models, with
special emphasis on ultra-long waves]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather
Review* 87 (5):171-183.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1959_May.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1959_May.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/087/mwr-087-05-0171.pdf>

Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1967. *[On baroclinic instability as a function of the
vertical profile of the zonal wind.]{.underline}* *Monthly Weather
Review* 95 (11):733-739.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1967_Nov.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1967_Nov.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/095/mwr-095-11-0733.pdf>

Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1960. *[On changes in zonal momentum in short-range
numerical prediction]{.underline}.* *Monthly Weather Review* 88
(2):55-65.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1960_Feb.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1960_Feb.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/088/mwr-088-02-0055.pdf>

Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1961. *[On short- and long-term variations in
quasi-barotropic flow.]{.underline}* *Monthly Weather Review* 89
(11):461-476.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1961_Nov.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1961_Nov.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/089/mwr-089-11-0461.pdf>

Wiin-Nielsen, A., Margaret Drake. 1965. *[On the energy exchange between
the baroclinic and barotropic components of atmospheric
flow]{.underline}.* *Monthly Weather Review* 93 (2):79-92..

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_Drake_1965_Feb.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_Drake_1965_Feb.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/093/mwr-093-02-0079.pdf>

Wiin-Nielsen, A., A. D. Vernekar. 1967. *[On the influence of the mean
meridional circulation on the zonal flow]{.underline}.* *Monthly Weather
Review* 95 (11):723-732.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_Vernekar_1967_Nov.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_Vernekar_1967_Nov.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/095/mwr-095-11-0723.pdf>

Wiin-Nielsen, A., Joseph A. Sela. 1971. *[On the transport of
quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather
Review* 99 (6) 447-458.

QC982 .A2 v. 99, no.6 (Journals)

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_Sela_1971_June.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_Sela_1971_June.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/099/mwr-099-06-0447.pdf>

Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1962. *[On transformation of the kinetic energy between
the vertical shear flow and the vertical mean flow in the
atmosphere]{.underline}*. *Monthly Weather Review* 90 (8):311-323.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1962_Aug.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1962_Aug.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/090/mwr-090-08-0311.pdf>

Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1961. *[A preliminary study of the dynamics of
transient, planetary waves in the atmosphere]{.underline}.* Washington,
D.C.: Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit, 1961. Mimeograph.
*Technical memorandum (Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.))*;
no. 19*.* "22 May 1961."

QC996 .T33 no.19

CD-ROM: [Wiin-Nielsen_1961.PDF](../Wiin-Nielsen_1961.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Wiin-Nielsen_1961.PDF>

Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1959. *[A study of energy conversion and meridional
circulation for the large-scale motion in the atmosphere.]{.underline}*
*Monthly Weather Review* 87 (9):319-332.

JOURNALS

CD-ROM:
[mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1959_Sep.PDF](../mwr-Wiin-Nielsen_1959_Sep.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/087/mwr-087-09-0319.pdf>

Wolff, Paul M. 1958. *[The error in numerical forecasts due to
retrogression of ultra-long waves.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: Joint
Numerical Weather Prediction Unit. Mimeograph. *Technical memorandum
(Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (U.S.)); no. 13.* "April 1958."

[Abstract:]{.underline} "Error charts for the numerical barotropic
forecasts prepared at the Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit since
October, 1957 have revealed retrogressive patterns of very long
wave-length. These errors are shown to be due to changes in the large
scale components predicted by the numerical model. These components are
actually quasi-stationary in the atmosphere. Forecasts prepared with an
approximation to these components held unchanged show significantly
increased accuracy. Finally, some of the difficulties in developing a
more acceptable physical approach to this problem are outlined."

QC996 .T33 no.13

CD-ROM: [Wolff_1958.PDF](../Wolff_1958.PDF)

Internet: <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Wolff_1958.PDF>

Wright, David. 1980. *[Evaluation of TIROS-N data, January-June
1979.]{.underline}* Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service,
National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 65.
"June 1980."

QC996 .T33 no.65

Wright, David. 1980. *[The use of drifting buoy data at
NMC]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service,
National Meteorological Center. *NOAA technical memorandum NWS NMC*; 64.
"June 1980."

QC996 .T33 no.64

Youngkin, Russell J. 1967. *[A snow index]{.underline}*. Suitland, Md.:
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Environmental Science Services Administration,
Weather Bureau, National Meteorological Center. Mimeograph. *Technical
memorandum (National Meteorological Center (U.S.))*; no. 40.

"June 1967."

[Abstract:]{.underline} "Information contained herein should be of
primary interest to the short-range forecaster dealing with the snow
versus rain problem. Also, those experimenting with obtaining snow
forecasts from numerical prediction precipitation models may find it
informative as to lower tropospheric thermal structure during important
snowfall. The substance of this technical memorandum is taken from an
unpublished report written in 1957 by R.J. Youngkin entitled,

'1000-850-mb and 850-700-mb thickness-precipitation type relations.'"

QC996 .T33 no.40

CD-ROM: CD-ROM: [Youngkin_1967.PDF](../Youngkin_1967.PDF)

Electronic access:
<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/JNWP/Youngkin_1967.PDF>

**To request additional copy please contact:**

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