Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 12/1/2004

**GAIN Report Number:** CH4063

CH4063

**China, Peoples Republic of**

**Planting Seeds**

**Annual**

**2004**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Ralph Gifford

U.S. Embassy, Beijing

**Prepared by:**

Adam Branson

**Report Highlights:**

U.S. seed exports to China continue growing as demand for non-cereal
seeds, (vegetable, forage, turf, etc.) remains strong. Consolidation of
seed research remains a priority for the government. Numerous production
and trade policy issues remain with the Seed Law, its supporting
regulations, and the procedures and requirements for seed trade. This
reports updates information from the previous planting seed annual
report (CH3133).

Includes PSD Changes: No

Includes Trade Matrix: No

Annual Report

Beijing \[CH1\]

\[CH\]

Table of Contents

[**Executive Summary 3**](#executive-summary)

[Production 4](#production)

[Agricultural Planted Area and Crop Yields
4](#agricultural-planted-area-and-crop-yields)

[Market Entry and Promotion 5](#market-entry-and-promotion)

[Planting Seed Purchasing and Demonstration
5](#planting-seed-purchasing-and-demonstration)

[Trade 5](#trade)

[China's Seed Law Undergoes Minor Revision
5](#chinas-seed-law-undergoes-minor-revision)

[Agricultural Commodity Import Regulations
6](#agricultural-commodity-import-regulations)

[Planting Seed Phytosanitary and Licensing Restrictions
6](#planting-seed-phytosanitary-and-licensing-restrictions)

[Seed Tariffs and the Value Added Tax (VAT)
6](#seed-tariffs-and-the-value-added-tax-vat)

[Plant Variety Protection (PVP) Background and Development
7](#plant-variety-protection-pvp-background-and-development)

[Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Issues for Planting Seed Enterprises
7](#intellectual-property-rights-ipr-issues-for-planting-seed-enterprises)

[Biotechnology and Planting Seeds 8](#biotechnology-and-planting-seeds)

[Grass Seeds and Nursery Seedlings
8](#grass-seeds-and-nursery-seedlings)

[China Customs and Quarantine Inspection of Planting Seeds
10](#china-customs-and-quarantine-inspection-of-planting-seeds)

# Executive Summary

China remains the world's largest agricultural producer by volume and as
such has a crucial role in the world's planting seed market. The
Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) estimates annual nationwide planting seed
demand at 12.5 million metric tons (MMT), primarily grains and oilseeds.
There remain between 7,000 -- 8,000 licensed seed distribution and
breeding enterprises whose sales value exceeded \$1.6 billion in 2003.
These figures do not include unlicensed seed retailers nor farmers who
sell or exchange seed or act as brokers and middlemen.

Satisfying demands for grains and oilseeds planting seeds remains MOA's
priority, as food security remains politically important. As incomes
rise, consumers across the country are increasingly accustomed to a
varied diet including year-round demand for vegetables and fruits;
sharply increasing demand for fruit and vegetable seeds for use under
plastic and greenhouses. Additionally, as consumer's diets include more
dairy and animal protein, planting seed demand for the forage and feed
sector could increase by volume and in quality.

Growers and farmers, especially affluent growers in eastern China and
those near large metropolitan areas, increasingly realize the value of
hybrid seeds versus conventional or farm-saved seeds. Less-affluent
farmers are typically slowest adopters of the newest seed varieties, and
maintain a practice of using farm-saved seed and seed exchange with
other farmers every couple of years.

Marketing year (July to June) 2003/04 seed imports and exports expanded
by 17 percent and 7 percent respectively to \$84.3 million and \$49.5
million. Demand for imported vegetable and forage/turf seeds remains
strong and should grow over the coming year. It is, nevertheless,
possible that forage and turf demand growth could temporarily slow if
raising food and feed grain crop planted area takes priority. Exports of
rice seed and vegetable seeds should expand as long as China remains a
low-cost supplier of planting seeds. If hybrid seed production expands,
exports could see phenomenal growth. Detailed trade data is available in
this past September's GAIN report CH4034.

The March 11, 2002 restrictions on foreign investment in China's seed
sector issued by the Ministry of Commerce and the National Development
and Reform Commission (NDRC) remain in force. China's "Foreign
Investment Guidance Catalog" (CH2012) and the "Provisions on
Examination, Approval, Registration and Administration for Establishing
Crop Seed Enterprises" (CH7048) continue placing restrictions on levels
and types of foreign seed company investment. The 2002 restrictions
prevent any new investment by foreign enterprises in the transgenic
planting seed sector while investment for "major crop" varieties is
limited to a minority share.

Numerous problems remain with the nation's Seed Law (CH0031), Seed Law
Implementation Regulations (CH1052), and the Interim Measures for Seed
Trade (CH4060). MOA's June 2004 Circular 30 (CH4061) highlights many of
the problems the government wants to address in the seed market over the
coming years.

Despite numerous problems, domestic and international seed companies
remain optimistic and actively involved in the seed business. Both
government and private sector seed enterprises want accelerated and
transparent seed sector reforms that will bring order to the
marketplace.

# Production

Better integration of seed breeding and distribution enterprises remains
a goal for China's policy makers, seed industry association, and
academic institutes. Presently, most seed breeding takes place at state-
and provincial-sponsored agricultural academies, universities and crop
research centers through grants from the Ministry of Science and
Technology, Ministry of Education, and MOA. Sources report it remains
the government's goal to reduce the number of crop seed breeding
institutes by about two-thirds. Agricultural policy researchers and
economists are examining the best means to accomplish this goal through
policy recommendations on consolidating or eliminating publicly-funded
research institutes in order to gain economies of size and scope.
Additionally, foreign and domestic seed companies' seed breeding and
production work with farmers and growers (E.g. importing germplasm or
parent lines and breeding out seeds for sale in China) continues growing
in several remote areas of western China.

Government and industry seed specialists report no significant changes
to China's planting seed production in 2004. Hybrid seed production
continues expanding as domestic growers demand high-quality
trait-specific seeds. Low labor costs ensure China's ability to be a
global leader in hybrid seed production as commercial scale seed
enterprise management improves and researchers develop seeds for more
diverse climatic growing conditions.

# Agricultural Planted Area and Crop Yields

Total sown area of all crops exceeds 150 million hectares. Grain and
oilseed takes the largest share, but vegetable and other horticultural
product planted area is rising. Multiple cropping, although declining,
results in enormous year-round seed demand.

  ---------------- ------ ------- ------ ------------ -------- ------------ -------- ---------- ------------
  **Agricultural                                                                                
  Crop Sown Area                                                                                
  in Million                                                                                    
  Hectares**                                                                                    

  Year/Crop        Rice   Wheat   Corn   \*Soybeans   Cotton   \*Rapeseed   Tubers   \*Peanut   Vegetables

  1999             31.3   28.9    25.9   8            3.7      6.9          10.4     4.3        13.3

  2000             30     26.7    23.1   9.3          4        7.5          10.5     4.9        15.2

  2001             28.8   24.7    24.3   9.5          4.8      7.1          10.2     5          16.4

  2002             28.2   23.9    24.6   9.6          4.2      8.5          9.9      5          17.4

  2003             26.5   22      24     9.5          5.1      8            9.7      5.4        18

  \*2004           28.4   21.8    24.3   9.5          5.8      8.2          9.7      5.4        18.5

  Source: State                                                                                 
  Statistics                                                                                    
  Bureau.                                                                                       
  \*Estimates by                                                                                
  USDA and                                                                                      
  FAS/China.                                                                                    
  ---------------- ------ ------- ------ ------------ -------- ------------ -------- ---------- ------------

Despite new hybrids and innovations in the planting seed sector, crop
yields remain stagnant. Some experts suggest that as farmers leave the
land, reduced labor input negates the benefit of genetic improvement. As
not only food self-reliance but also rural development remains policy
priorities, new seed technology and better hybrids must inevitably be
adopted.

  ---------------- ------- ------- ------- ------------ -------- ------------ ----------
  **Agricultural                                                              
  Crop Yields in                                                              
  Metric Ton per                                                              
  Hectare**                                                                   

  Year/Crop        Rice    Wheat   Corn    Soybeans\*   Cotton   Rapeseed\*   Peanut\*

  1999             6.3     3.9     4.9                  1                     

  2000             6.3     3.7     4.6                  1.1                   

  2001             6.2     3.8     4.7                  1.1                   

  2002             6.2     3.8     4.9     1.9          1.2      1.5          3

  2003             6.1     3.9     4.8     1.6          1        1.6          2.7

  \*2004           6.3     4.1     4.9     1.8          1.1      1.5          2.9

  Source: State                                                               
  Statistics                                                                  
  Bureau.                                                                     
  \*Estimates by                                                              
  USDA and                                                                    
  FAS/China.                                                                  
  ---------------- ------- ------- ------- ------------ -------- ------------ ----------

# Market Entry and Promotion

Despite onerous investment, import, and marketing laws and regulations
for the planting seed sector, many foreign seed companies have
established representative offices in China (see CH2012 and CH7048).
Most companies locate in Beijing as easy access to regulators can help
ensure smoother trade. Foreign seed companies typically work with only a
few importers, but establish vast networks and relationships with seed
wholesalers and vendors across the country in regions or markets
offering the best potential.

Retailers and seed vendors often contract agents to import seed for
them; indirect purchases can lead to commercial disputes. U.S. seed
exporters are encouraged to develop close relationships with retailers
and vendors. Traditional trade missions, reverse trade missions, and
sales award programs facilitate good relations. Providing training
programs and Chinese-language marketing materials also are valuable
tools to help vendors communicate information to customers.

# Planting Seed Purchasing and Demonstration

Although farmers willingly purchase newly developed seeds from
companies, institutes, or through MOA's extension agency and local seed
stations, to ensure adoption, it is necessary to convince buyers and
local agricultural bureaus of the commercial benefits (e.g. higher
yield, size, color, intrinsic features of product, drought tolerance,
waxiness etc.) through demonstration plots or trials. Universities and
agriculture bureaus conduct trials cooperatively with both domestic and
foreign companies.

## 

# Trade

MY2003/04 planting seed imports rose 17 percent in value to \$84.3
million while exports climbed 7 percent to \$49.5 million. Thorough
trade data for each of the past three marketing years for 28 seed
categories/types is in GAIN report CH4034 "Planting Seeds MY2003/04
Trade Data." The United States remains China's largest supplier of
planting seeds accounting for 51 percent of volume and 36 percent of
value owing to its strong presence in the grass seed, vegetable seed,
and sunflower seed markets. China's planting seed exports remain strong
for rice and vegetable seed to Southeast Asia.

# China's Seed Law Undergoes Minor Revision

On August 28, 2004 China issued changes in the Seed Law (CH0031). The
changes impacted Articles 17 and 33. The Seed Law Implementation
Measures (CH1052) and the Interim Measures for Crop Seed (Seedling)
Import and Export (CH4060) are not affected. The Seed Law changes are:

1.  Article 17 Para 2 is amended to read, "Forest varieties which
    required an examination, but did not pass the examination, can not
    be managed or extended. However, if production of such varieties is
    crucial, the forest variety examination commission should approve
    the varieties."

2.  Article 33 now reads "In the absence of approval from the forestry
    authorities at the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous
    regions and municipalities, no precious tree seeds and any other
    seeds prohibited for purchase by the corresponding people's
    governments can be procured.

# Agricultural Commodity Import Regulations

China's Animal and Plant Quarantine Law (CH1051), its Implementation
Regulations (CH3110), the Administrative Measures (CH2039), and the
recently issued "Items on Handling Review and Approval of Entry Animal
and Plant Quarantine" (CH4020) establish procedures for importers
wishing to purchase plant propagating material: including seed.
Essentially, importers must apply for a Quarantine Import Permit (QIP)
before signing any contract. Only with a QIP (which is valid for 6
months), it is permissible to sign a contract and import seed.

# Planting Seed Phytosanitary and Licensing Restrictions

Corn and soybean seed from the United States and several other countries
are prohibited from import into China because of quarantine restrictions
on Stewart's Wilt and *Phytophthera Megasperma*. As for other planting
seeds, both the requirements for "major crop" variety approval, as well
as licensing requirements for seed production and marketing, place
arbitrary restrictions on seed trade.

Industry sources indicate importers of certain seeds (e.g. grass seed)
have been asked to submit an annual import plan to MOA and SFA offices,
although the statutory requirement for such plans is unclear. Government
offices reportedly use the information when deciding how to award
VAT-free import approvals.

Exporters of U.S. planting seeds should contact the USDA Foreign
Agriculture Service Planting Seeds Division
([www.fas.usda.gov/cots/seeds.html]{.underline}), APHIS officers
([www.aphis.usda.gov/is/tst/RegionThree.html](http://www.aphis.usda.gov/is/tst/RegionThree.html)),
and the American Seed Trade Association
([www.amseed.com/](http://www.amseed.com/)) and the Oregon Seed Council
([forages.oregonstate.edu/organizations/seed/osc]{.underline}/) to
understand more about the issues facing planting seed exports to China.
Exporters should be aware, however, that FINAL IMPORT APPROVAL OF ANY
PRODUCT IS SUBJECT TO THE IMPORTING COUNTRY'S RULES AND REGULATIONS AS
INTERPRETED BY BORDER OFFICIALS AT THE TIME OF PRODUCT ENTRY. Therefore,
it is particularly valuable to make certain importers are familiar not
only with published rules but customary practices.

# Seed Tariffs and the Value Added Tax (VAT) 

China institutes tariff-rate quotas for seed wheat, rice, corn, and a
few other non-grain commodities. In-quota wheat, corn, and rice seed are
subject to a 1 percent tariff while all other planting seeds are
tariff-free. Out-of-quota tariffs for seed corn are 20 percent, while
out-of-quota tariffs for wheat and rice are 65 percent.

The Value Added Tax collection process lacks transparency and
efficiency. A five-year plan valid from 2001 through 2005 allows various
agricultural commodities and inputs to enter China VAT-free. Industry
sources report within each year of the plan, around April or May,
government offices send circulars or other internal notices to Customs
officials confirming what specific products (e.g. grass seed) companies
may bring into China VAT-free. The lack of transparency makes it
impossible to determine whether the system operates as a de facto quota.

Under the VAT collection system, companies pay the 13 percent VAT as a
deposit for imports during the first few months of the year. Only in
April or May do companies find out whether they received VAT-free
status. If the company is granted the right to import seeds VAT-free,
the deposit is returned. If not, the deposit is kept and future
shipments for the year require the 13 percent VAT.

This confusing system leads to an instable market as some importers and
the companies they represent try to book seeds for shipment near the end
of the year while they retain VAT-free status. Likewise, market
confusion reigns when companies do not receive an expected VAT-free
entitlement, increasing costs for importers and the distributors they
represent. This results in cost increases that erase the profitability
of trade leading to cancellations, shipment redirection, and even
default.

# Plant Variety Protection (PVP) Background and Development

China has legally recognized the 1978 version of the International
Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV)
effective from October 1, 1997 (CH7023). MOA and the State Forestry
Administration (SFA) are responsible for reviewing PVP applications.
China's UPOV membership obligates China to honor, *sui generis,* the
breeders' rights for registered and approved novel, distinct, uniform
and stable seeds.

  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
  Ministry of Agriculture PVP Office                     State Forestry Administration's PVP
                                                         Office

  No. 11 Nongzhanguannanli                               No. 18 Hepingli Dong Jie

  Chaoyang District                                      Chaoyang District

  Beijing, China 100026                                  Beijing, China 100714

  Tel: 86-10 64193029                                    Tel: 86-10 84238715

  Fax: 86-10 64194661                                    Fax: 86-10 64213084

  Web: [www.cnpvp.cn](http://www.cnpvp.cn/)              Web:
                                                         [www.cnpvp.net](http://www.cnpvp.net/)

  Web2:                                                  
  [www.stee.agri.gov.cn](http://www.stee.agri.gov.cn/)   
  ------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------

USDA GAIN report CH4059 includes five MOA and four SFA decrees listing
protected genera and species of agricultural and forestry plants.
Combined, the lists include 119 species (MOA: 41, SFA: 78) of
agricultural and forestry plants eligible for PVP application. The
greatest number of applications and approvals are for major field crops
including corn, rice, soybeans, wheat and rapeseed.

# Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Issues for Planting Seed Enterprises

GAIN report CH2049 provides information on how to access UNOFFICIAL
English translations of China's Copyright Law, Trademark Law, and Patent
Law along with the Implementation Regulations or Enforcement Measures
for each of the aforesaid.

Several planting seed companies report problems with IPR infringement in
China, yet many companies experiencing problems had not registered their
trademarks or copyrights in China. Without registration the company has
little legal recourse if products are couterfeited or IPR otherwise
infringed. However, several companies that have registered their
product's brand name, trade name, and logo nevertheless report that
although they may receive favorable court rulings, it is very difficult
to receive compensation from the offending party. Industry sources
currently report China's IPR offices are accepting neither domestic nor
international companies' planting seed trademark applications.

Seed sold in counterfeit packages identical to legitimate brand name is
the most frequent problem for seed companies. Other IPR crimes include
theft of seed/germplasm from production fields or facilities, then bred
and marketed by other companies. Seed companies also report demands for
restitution for "inferior quality" seed sold by counterfeiters. Local
courts also can award damages to growers even when poor crop management
or weather borne problems, not seed quality, reduce yield.

# Biotechnology and Planting Seeds

Transgenic crops and seeds need to be approved by the National Biosafety
Committee (NBC) after environmental and food safety evaluations by the
MOA and government affiliated institutes. The next NBC meeting is
scheduled for early December 2004 where the applications for
commercialization of four types of transgenic rice reportedly are on the
agenda. China's investment in transgenic seed technology is more than
any other country outside of the United States. In 2002, research
institutes reported development of over 141 GM crops with at least 65
already in field trials. Although Bt cotton has been planted widely,
China has yet to approve any major food crops for environmental release.
MOA has approved two soybeans, six canolas, and seven corn varieties for
import and processing, but not for environmental release and therefore
not for seed planting.

If granted MOA safety approvals, transgenic seeds must undergo
examination for distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) by PVP
examiners. China's PVP office drafted new DUS testing guidelines for
corn and rice lending speculation that should corn and rice transgenic
events receive safety approval, the process for PVP testing for those
seeds can move quickly and transparently.

The approval process so far has proved cumbersome and lacking in
transparency. China's biotechnology regulations require foreign
introduced transgenic events to first receive approval abroad and then
undergo subsequent evaluation in China. This asynchronous process
creates difficulties not only for commercial shipments containing
transgenic commodities but for adoption of future transgenic seed in
countries that export to China.

Official news reports indicate China's 2003 transgenic crop planted area
was near 3 million hectares, almost entirely Bt cotton. Events approved
for environmental release include cotton, tomato, sweet and chili
pepper, and petunia. Release is restricted by province, although farmers
have planted far more widely than the Seed Law and transgenic crop
regulations permit. Acreage is mostly in Anhui, Beijing, Hebei, Henan,
Fujian, and Jiangsu. MOA is drafting 40 transgenic crop testing and
safety evaluation standards, in anticipation of increased transgenic
crop development. Trials of many non-commercialized events already are
underway.

Many scientists and economists recognize the benefits to consumers and
farmers of commercializing release of transgenic planting seeds.
Analysts point out that not only will state-sponsored research
institutes benefit from licensing technology to seed companies, but also
farmers would benefit both from lowering direct and hidden costs,
increasing yields, and lower pesticide applications. Official studies
highlighted not only economic benefits, but also environmental benefits,
including elimination of hundreds of accidental pesticide poisonings.

# Grass Seeds and Nursery Seedlings

China's demand for grass seeds and nursery seedlings remains strong as
efforts to beautify urban areas have intensified, and planting of grass
and nursery product in parks, zoos, and alongside roads has expanded.
The long-term outlook for urban beautification/green space design
includes planting more trees, shrubs, and grasses not only in the
biggest metropolitan areas like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Dalian
but also smaller cities. News accounts cite the government's goal for 70
percent of China's 662 municipalities to increase their urban forestry
coverage rate from the present 30.2 percent in 2004 to 45 percent by the
year 2050.

  ------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------ ------- -------
  Urban Green Space                          1990   1995   2000   2002    2003

  Public Green Areas (10,000 Ha)             47.5   67.8   86.5   107.2   121.2

  Public Green Areas per 10,000 people in    1.8    2.5    3.7    5.4     6.5
  sq.m                                                                    

  Area of Parks and Zoos (10,000 Ha)         3.9    7.3    8.2    10      11.3

  Number of Parks and Zoos (unit)            1970   3619   4455   5178    5832

  Source: NSB 2004 Yearbook Table 11-5                                    
  ------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------ ------- -------

The future of urban beautification and the nursery sector remains bright
as Chinese cities clamor to host international events e.g. the Beijing
Olympics, the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, and other events that will
draw tourists and businesses from around the world. Constraints to
expanding domestic floriculture and sod farms include inadequate water
supply, rising water costs, and competition with food crops (less
marginal land planted with grass and nursery products). Nursery vendors
remain optimistic, however, with a growing interest in importing grass
seed, shrub, and tree seedlings.

  ---------------------------------------- --------- ---------- ----------
  Nationwide Horticultural Planting Area                        
  (Ha)                                                          

                                           2000      2002       2003

  Cut Flowers, Vines, and Potpourri        10,750    18,834     28,842

  Potted Plants                            18,841    39,122     46,626

  Ornamental Trees                         65,588    163,766    233,111

  Food and Medicinal Flowers               14,801    28,468     51,325

  Industrial Flowers                       29,479    34,870     28,314

  Grass Sod                                11,120    34,107     26,083

  Flower Seed                              1,819     4,381      2,463

  Young Plants/Seedlings                   2,824     8,221      9,415

  Flower Bulbs                             1,281     2,685      3,936

  Source: Ministry of Agriculture                               
  Statistical Abstract                                          
  ---------------------------------------- --------- ---------- ----------

After years of steady decline, grain planted area rose in 2004 as
government policies re-emphasized food self-reliance, significantly
reducing demand for forage and reclamation grass seed. Given China's
scarcity of arable land, food grain policy will determine the area
devoted to forage crops or higher value horticultural commodities. Both
domestic and internationally-funded programs support planting barren
lands with trees and grasses; including the Grains for Greens Project
and the Projects on Harnessing the Sources of Sand and Dust in Beijing
and Tianjin.

# China Customs and Quarantine Inspection of Planting Seeds

Customs and Quarantine officials require a series of examinations for
product entry and exit. The following are required for planting seeds.

+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| #       |                                |            |            |
| ##### C |                                |            |            |
| hina\'s |                                |            |            |
|  Planti |                                |            |            |
| ng Seed |                                |            |            |
|  Entry  |                                |            |            |
| and Exi |                                |            |            |
| t Requi |                                |            |            |
| rements |                                |            |            |
|  by Gov |                                |            |            |
| ernment |                                |            |            |
|  Agency |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| HS Code | Planting Seeds                 | Customs    | AQSIQ      |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Wheat                          | A/B        | M.P./N.Q.  |
| 0019010 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Rye                            | A/B        | P/Q        |
| 0020010 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Barley                         | A/B        | M.P./N.Q.  |
| 0030010 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Oats                           | A/B        | P/Q        |
| 0040010 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 100510  | Corn                           | A/B        | P/Q        |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Rice, long grain               | A/B        | P/N.Q      |
| 0061011 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Rice, other                    | A/B        | P/N.Q      |
| 0061019 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Sorghum                        | A/B        | P/N.Q      |
| 0070010 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Other Cereals                  | A/B        | P/N.Q      |
| 0089010 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Soybeans                       | A/B        | M.P./N.Q.  |
| 2010010 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Peanut                         | A/B        | P/N.Q      |
| 2021010 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Rape/Colza, low erucic acid    | A/B        | P/N.Q      |
| 2051010 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Rape/Colza, nes                | A/B        | P/N.Q      |
| 2059010 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Sunflower                      | A/B        | P/N.Q      |
| 2060010 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Cotton                         | A/B        | P/N.Q      |
| 2072010 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Sugar Beet                     | A/B        | P/Q        |
| 2091000 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 120921  | Alfalfa                        | A/B        | P/Q        |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 120922  | Clover                         | A/B        | P/Q        |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 120923  | Fescue                         | A/B        | P/Q        |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 120924  | Kentucky                       | A/B        | P/Q        |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 120925  | Rye Grass                      | A/B        | P/Q        |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 120926  | Timothy                        | A/B        | P/Q        |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Other Sugar Beet               | A/B        | P/Q        |
| 2092910 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Other Forage                   | A/B        | P/Q        |
| 2092990 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 120930  | Herbaceous                     | A/B        | P/Q        |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 120991  | Vegetable                      | A/B        | P/Q        |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Watermelon Seeds               | A/B        | P/Q.S      |
| 2999910 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Sweet Melon                    | A/B        | P/Q.S      |
| 2099920 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| 1       | Other Fruit Seeds              | A/B        | P/Q        |
| 2099990 |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| Source: |                                |            |            |
| AQSIQ   |                                |            |            |
| Co      |                                |            |            |
| mmodity |                                |            |            |
| Ins     |                                |            |            |
| pection |                                |            |            |
| Guide   |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| A:      |                                |            |            |
| Subject |                                |            |            |
| to      |                                |            |            |
| Customs |                                |            |            |
| Entry   |                                |            |            |
| Ins     |                                |            |            |
| pection |                                |            |            |
| and     |                                |            |            |
| Qua     |                                |            |            |
| rantine |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| B:      |                                |            |            |
| Subject |                                |            |            |
| to      |                                |            |            |
| Customs |                                |            |            |
| Exit    |                                |            |            |
| Ins     |                                |            |            |
| pection |                                |            |            |
| and     |                                |            |            |
| Qua     |                                |            |            |
| rantine |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| M:      |                                |            |            |
| Subject |                                |            |            |
| to      |                                |            |            |
| Entry   |                                |            |            |
| Co      |                                |            |            |
| mmodity |                                |            |            |
| Ins     |                                |            |            |
| pection |                                |            |            |
| by      |                                |            |            |
| AQSIQ   |                                |            |            |
| port    |                                |            |            |
| office  |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| N:      |                                |            |            |
| Subject |                                |            |            |
| to Exit |                                |            |            |
| Co      |                                |            |            |
| mmodity |                                |            |            |
| Ins     |                                |            |            |
| pection |                                |            |            |
| by      |                                |            |            |
| AQSIQ   |                                |            |            |
| port    |                                |            |            |
| office  |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| P:      |                                |            |            |
| Subject |                                |            |            |
| to      |                                |            |            |
| Entry   |                                |            |            |
| Animal, |                                |            |            |
| Plant   |                                |            |            |
| and     |                                |            |            |
| their   |                                |            |            |
| P       |                                |            |            |
| roducts |                                |            |            |
| Qua     |                                |            |            |
| rantine |                                |            |            |
| by      |                                |            |            |
| AQSIQ   |                                |            |            |
| port    |                                |            |            |
| office  |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| Q:      |                                |            |            |
| Subject |                                |            |            |
| to Exit |                                |            |            |
| Animal, |                                |            |            |
| Plant   |                                |            |            |
| and     |                                |            |            |
| their   |                                |            |            |
| P       |                                |            |            |
| roducts |                                |            |            |
| Qua     |                                |            |            |
| rantine |                                |            |            |
| by      |                                |            |            |
| AQSIQ   |                                |            |            |
| port    |                                |            |            |
| office  |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+
| S:      |                                |            |            |
| Subject |                                |            |            |
| to Exit |                                |            |            |
| Food    |                                |            |            |
| Hygiene |                                |            |            |
| Mon     |                                |            |            |
| itoring |                                |            |            |
| and     |                                |            |            |
| Ins     |                                |            |            |
| pection |                                |            |            |
| by      |                                |            |            |
| AQSIQ   |                                |            |            |
| port    |                                |            |            |
| office  |                                |            |            |
+---------+--------------------------------+------------+------------+