**Number range CHAPTERCALIFORNIA STRAWBERRIES -- WITHOUT PLASTIC**

The Santa Maria Valley region, which includes the coastal regions of
Monterey, Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, San Luis Obispo, and northern Santa
Barbara Counties characterizes the strawberry production region of
California (USDA, 1999). California produces more than 80% of the fresh
market and processed strawberries grown in the United States (USDA
1999). Two-thirds of the California's strawberry production occurs in
the Santa Maria region, which includes the coastal regions of Santa
Cruz, Santa Clara, San Luis Obispo, Northern Santa Barbara, and Monterey
County (USDA 1999). Over a dozen varieties of strawberries are grown in
California. 96% of the strawberries in the coastal regions are of the
Camarosa variety. MLRA 15 covers most of the areas of California where
strawberries are grown (USDA, 1999).

California strawberries are supplied by state nurseries, and planted in
November, with first leaf emergence in December. Fields are graded and
planted in beds designed to allow for proper drainage on fallow
conditions. Clean tillage, raised beds, plastic mulches and water
management are included in the systems approach for growing strawberries
(USDA 1999). Strawberries fields are sometimes rotated with cover crops
such as rye or barley (USDA 1999). Drip irrigation is used as weather
and plant conditions permit (Monterey County cooperative extension
agent). The maximum root depth for strawberries is 4 feet (Monterey
County Cooperative extension agent; USDA 1999). Strawberries are
harvested by hand (USDA 1999).

Plastic mulch, typically made from clear polyethylene is applied to warm
the soil to increase early plant growth, and to keep the berries off the
ground (USDA 1999). This scenario does not consider the impacts to
runoff due to the use of plastic. Runoff from strawberry fields
utilizing plastic may underestimate pesticide runoff.

Metfile W23234 (Santa Maria) is the meteorological data set used to
represent Santa Maria Valley strawberry crop production. The station is
located along the coast in Santa Barbara County within MLRA 15. It is
roughly 106 miles to the south of Monterey County which contains the
field used to represent this scenario. The Fresno station is
approximately 20 miles closer to the geographic center of Monterey
County, however the Santa Maria station was deemed more representative
for several reasons. First, this scenario is generally a coastal
scenario. Fresno is an inland station whereas the coastal Santa Maria
station is more representative of the Coastal Climate of this scenario.
In addition, the Santa Maria station receives approximately three inches
more annual rainfall than the Fresno station, increasing the
conservative nature of the scenario (NOAA, 2006).

The majority (roughly 83%) of soils with expected irrigated yields for
strawberries occur on hydrologic group A and B soils (Table 5).
Approximately 50% of strawberry soils in the AOI are in hydrologic group
A. The Oceano series is a hydrologic group A soil that is used for
growing truck crops and fruit with irrigation (USDA, 1997). The soil
accounts for approximately 23% of total bearing acres in the AOI (USDA,
2006). The Oceano series consists of deep, excessively drained soils
that formed in material weathered from sandy eolian deposits and are
located on slopes of 0 to 50 percent. It is a Mixed, thermic Lamellic
Xeropsamments (USDA, 2001), which includes the maximum slope on which
strawberry plants are grown. The Oceano series was selected for this
scenario because it is a common soil that supports strawberry production
(Table 5), is located within the area of peak strawberry production
(Monterey County within the Santa Maria Valley Region) (USDA, 2006).

Oceano is a Hydrologic Group A soil, which includes approximately 50% of
these soils in drainage. Oceano soils have a USLE K factor of 0.1.
Approximately 20% of strawberry bearing soils have a pH lower than
Oceano soils. However, soil pH is not currently a PRZM input parameter
and is not expected to often affect chemical fate in the acidic range.
Oceano soils have an A horizon from 0 to 20 inches (0-51 cm) deep and a
C from 20 to 90 inches (51-229 cm) deep (USDA, 2001).

+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| **Table 1. PRZM |          |                                         |
| 3.12 Climate    |          |                                         |
| and Time        |          |                                         |
| Parameters for  |          |                                         |
| Monterey,       |          |                                         |
| California --   |          |                                         |
| Strawberry.**   |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| **Parameter**   | *        | **Source/Comments**                     |
|                 | *Value** |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Starting Date   | Jan. 1,  | Meteorological File from Santa Maria,   |
|                 | 1961     | CA (W 23273).                           |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Ending Date     | Dec. 31, | Meteorological File from Santa Maria,   |
|                 | 1990     | CA (W 23273).                           |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Pan Evaporation | 0.75     | PRZM Manual Figure 5.1. Value           |
| Factor (PFAC)   |          | represents Santa Maria Valley region.   |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Snowmelt Factor | 0        | The Weather Channel Interactive, Inc.   |
| (SFAC)          |          | (TWCII, 2006)                           |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Minimum Depth   | 17.5 cm  | PRZM Manual (EPA 1998)                  |
| of              |          |                                         |
|                 |          |                                         |
| Evaporation     |          |                                         |
| (ANETD)         |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+

+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| **Table 2. PRZM |          |                                         |
| 3.12 Erosion    |          |                                         |
| and Landscape   |          |                                         |
| Parameters for  |          |                                         |
| Monterey,       |          |                                         |
| California --   |          |                                         |
| Strawberry.**   |          |                                         |
+=================+==========+=========================================+
| **Parameter**   | *        | **Source/Comments**                     |
|                 | *Value** |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Method to       | 4 (MUSS) | PRZM Manual (EPA, 1998)                 |
| Calculate       |          |                                         |
| Erosion         |          |                                         |
| (ERFLAG)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| USLE K Factor   | 0.1 tons | USDA NRCS Soil Data Mart                |
| (USLEK)         | EI^-1\*^ | (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/)    |
|                 |          |                                         |
|                 |          | Value listed for the soil series        |
|                 |          | Oceano.                                 |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| USLE LS Factor  | 0.25     | PRZM Manual (EPA, 1998)                 |
| (USLELS)        |          |                                         |
|                 |          | LS value for 1.5% slope and 400' slope  |
|                 |          | length. Calculated based on Haan and    |
|                 |          | Barfield (1978)                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| USLE P Factor   | 0.5      | Mark Bolda, Monterey County Extension   |
| (USLEP)         |          | Agent                                   |
|                 |          |                                         |
|                 |          | Default for row crops with contour      |
|                 |          | practices with a slope of 1.5%          |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Field Area      | 172 ha   | Area of Shipman Reservoir watershed     |
| (AFIELD)        |          | (EPA, 1999)                             |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| NRCS Hyetograph | 1        | PRZM Manual Figure 5.12 (EPA, 1998)     |
| (IREG)          |          |                                         |
|                 |          | Type I, IREG=1                          |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Slope (SLP)     | 1.5%     | Mark Bolda, Monterey County Extension   |
|                 |          | Agent                                   |
|                 |          |                                         |
|                 |          | Midpoint of slope used to plant         |
|                 |          | Strawberries (1-2%)                     |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Hydraulic       | 600 m    | Shipman Reservoir (EPA, 1999)           |
| Length (HL)     |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Irrigation Flag | 1        | All of California\'s strawberry acreage |
| (IRFLAG)        |          | is irrigated and most of the crop is    |
|                 |          | grown on an annual basis. USDA Crop     |
|                 |          | Profile for Strawberries in California  |
|                 |          | (USDA, 1999)                            |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Number range    | 4 (drip) | Always drip irrigation. Mark Bolda,     |
| CH              |          | Monterey County Extension Agent         |
| APTERIrrigation |          |                                         |
| Type (IRTYP)    |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Leaching Factor | 0        | Irrigation Guidance for developing PRZM |
| (FLEACH)        |          | Scenario, Table 3; (June 15, 2005).     |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Fraction of     | 0.5      | Set to default as per Irrigation        |
| Water Capacity  |          | Guidance for developing PRZM Scenario,  |
| when Irrigation |          | Table 3; (EPA 2005).                    |
| is Applied      |          |                                         |
| (PCDEPL)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Maximum Rate at | 0.026 cm | Set to default as per Irrigation        |
| which           | hr^-1^   | Guidance for developing PRZM Scenario,  |
| Irrigation is   |          | Table 3; (EPA 2005). F=0, CN = 89       |
| Applied         |          |                                         |
| (RATEAP)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| \* EI = 100     |          |                                         |
| ft-tons \* in/  |          |                                         |
| acre\*hr        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
|                 |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+

+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| **Table 3. PRZM |          |                                         |
| 3.12 Crop       |          |                                         |
| Parameters for  |          |                                         |
| Monterey,       |          |                                         |
| California --   |          |                                         |
| Strawberry.**   |          |                                         |
+=================+==========+=========================================+
| **Parameter**   | *        | **Source/Comments**                     |
|                 | *Value** |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Initial Crop    | 1        | Set to one for all crops (EPA, 2004).   |
| (INICRP)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Initial Surface | 1        | 1= fallow. Fallow initial soil surface  |
| Condition       |          | condition. Mark Bolda, Monterey County  |
|                 |          | Extension Agent                         |
| (ISCOND)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Number of       | 1        | Set to number of crops in simulation.   |
| Different Crops |          |                                         |
| (NDC)           |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Number of       | 30       | Set to weather data in meteorological   |
| Cropping        |          | file: Santa Maria, CA (W 23273).        |
| Periods (NCPDS) |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Maximum         | 0.1      | Set to midpoint of the range for light  |
| rainfall        |          | density crops. Similar to other         |
| interception    |          | strawberry scenarios. (EPA, 2004).      |
| storage of crop |          |                                         |
| (CINTCP)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Maximum Active  | 48 in    | Mark Bolda, Monterey County Extension   |
| Root Depth      |          | Agent                                   |
| (AMXDR)         |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Maximum Canopy  | 80       | Mark Bolda, Monterey County Extension   |
| Coverage        |          | Agent                                   |
| (COVMAX)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Soil Surface    | 2        | 2= cover crop. A cover crop is planted  |
| Condition After |          | after harvest. Mark Bolda, Monterey     |
| Harvest (ICNAH) |          | County Extension Agent                  |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Date of Crop    | 01/01/61 | Mark Bolda, Monterey County Extension   |
| Emergence       |          | Agent                                   |
|                 |          |                                         |
| (EMD, EMM,      |          | California strawberries are supplied by |
| IYREM)          |          | state nurseries, and planted in         |
|                 |          | November, with first leaf emergence in  |
|                 |          | December. First crop set to the first   |
|                 |          | month/year in PRZM to ensure crop is    |
|                 |          | present during initial year. California |
|                 |          | Strawberry Profile, USDA                |
|                 |          | http:/                                  |
|                 |          | /www.ipmcenters.org/CropProfiles/docs/\ |
|                 |          | castrawberries.                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Date of Crop    | 01/06/61 | Strawberries are harvested in one or    |
| Maturity        |          | more of the growing areas every month   |
|                 |          | of the year, with peak production       |
| (MAD, MAM,      |          | occurring in late spring. First crop.   |
| IYRMAT)         |          | California Strawberry Profile, USDA -   |
|                 |          | http://www.ipmcenter                    |
|                 |          | s.org/CropProfiles/docs/castrawberries. |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Date of Crop    | 01/07/61 | Strawberry plants produce fruit for six |
| Harvest (HAD,   |          | months or longer in California. First   |
| HAM, IYRHAR)    |          | crop. California Strawberry Profile,    |
|                 |          | USDA -                                  |
|                 |          | http://www.ipmcenter                    |
|                 |          | s.org/CropProfiles/docs/castrawberries. |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Maximum Dry     | 0.0      | Not used in scenario                    |
| Weight (WFMAX)  |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Maximum         | 46 cm    | Plants may be as high as 18 inches (46  |
| CropHeight      |          | cm). Mark Bolda, Monterey County        |
| (HTMAX)         |          | Extension Agent                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| SCS Curve       | Number   | GLEAMS Manual Table H-4; Fallow = SR    |
| Number (CN)     | range    | Conservation Tillage/poor, Cropping and |
|                 | CH       | Residue = Row Crop SR Conservation      |
|                 | APTER92, | tillage/poor; Curve numbers do not      |
|                 | 89, 90   | compensate for plastic mulch.(USDA,     |
|                 |          | 1990)                                   |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Manning's N     | 0.070    | RUSLE EPA Pesticide Project: D26STSTN   |
| Value (MNGN)    |          | Strawberry, Bakersfield, CA. No-till.   |
|                 |          | Cover Code 3: 70-100% residue cover,    |
|                 |          | residues over soil surface during       |
|                 |          | critical period                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| USLE C Factor   | 0.005 -  | RUSLE EPA Pesticide Project: D26STSTN   |
| (USLEC)         | 0.010    | Strawberry, Bakersfield, CA. No-till.   |
|                 |          | Cover Code 3: 70-100% residue cover,    |
|                 |          | residues over soil surface during       |
|                 |          | critical period                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+

+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| **Table 4.    |                   |                                 |
| PRZM 3.12     |                   |                                 |
| Oceano Loam   |                   |                                 |
| Soil          |                   |                                 |
| Parameters    |                   |                                 |
| for Santa     |                   |                                 |
| Cruz County,  |                   |                                 |
| California -- |                   |                                 |
| Strawberry.** |                   |                                 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| **Parameter** | **Value**         | **Source/Comments**             |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Total Soil    | 203 cm            | NRCS Soil Data Mart (SDM)       |
| Depth (CORED) |                   | (htt                            |
|               |                   | p://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov) |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Number of     | 2                 | NRCS Soil Data Mart (SDM)       |
| Horizons      |                   | ([http://soi                    |
| (NHORIZ)      |                   | ldatamart.nrcs.usda.gov](http:/ |
|               |                   | /soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/)). |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Horizon       | 10 cm (HORIZN =   | NRCS Soil Data Mart (SDM)       |
| Thickness     | 1)                | ([http://soi                    |
| (THKNS)       |                   | ldatamart.nrcs.usda.gov](http:/ |
|               | 193 cm (HORIZN =  | /soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/)). |
|               | 2)                | The top horizon was split into  |
|               |                   | two horizons as per PRZM        |
|               |                   | Scenario Guidance (EPA, 2004).  |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Bulk Density  | 1.65 g/cm^3^      | NRCS Soil Data Mart (SDM)       |
| (BD)          | (HORIZN = 1)      | ([http://soi                    |
|               |                   | ldatamart.nrcs.usda.gov](http:/ |
|               | 1.65 g/cm^3^      | /soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/)). |
|               | (HORIZN = 2)      | Midpoint of the reported range. |
|               |                   | PRZM Scenario Guidance (EPA,    |
|               |                   | 2004).                          |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Initial Water | 0.12 cm^3^/cm^3^  | NRCS Soil Data Mart (SDM);      |
| Content       | (HORIZN =1)       | Calculated using the Rawls and  |
| (THETO)       |                   | Brakensiek method with data     |
|               | 0.12 cm^3^/cm^3^  | from Soil Data Mart. PRZM       |
|               | (HORIZN =2)       | Manual (EPA 1998)               |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Compartment   | 0.1 cm (HORIZN =  | NRCS Soil Data Mart (SDM)       |
| Thickness     | 1)                | ([http://soi                    |
| (DPN)         |                   | ldatamart.nrcs.usda.gov](http:/ |
|               | 1.0 cm (HORIZN =  | /soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/)). |
|               | 2)                | PRZM Scenario Guidance (EPA,    |
|               |                   | 2004).                          |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Field         | 0.12 cm^3^/cm^3^  | NRCS Soil Data Mart (SDM);      |
| Capacity      | (HORIZN =1)       | Calculated using the Rawls and  |
| (THEFC)       |                   | Brakensiek method with data     |
|               | 0.12 cm^3^/cm^3^  | from Soil Data Mart. PRZM       |
|               | (HORIZN =2)       | Manual (EPA 1998)               |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Wilting Point | 0.039 cm^3^/cm^3^ | NRCS Soil Data Mart (SDM);      |
| (THEWP)       | (HORIZN =1)       | values are mean 15-bar water    |
|               |                   | contents of Oceano loam soils.  |
|               | 0.039 cm^3^/cm^3^ |                                 |
|               | (HORIZN =2)       |                                 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Organic       | 0.58% (HORIZN =   | NRCS SDM; values for horizons 1 |
| Carbon        | 1)                | to 3 = mean %OM / 1.724. PRZM   |
| Content (OC)  |                   | Scenario Guidance (EPA, 2004).  |
|               | 0.58% (HORIZN =   |                                 |
|               | 2)                |                                 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+

![](media/image1.png){width="8.485416666666667in"
height="5.052777777777778in"}

**Figure 1. 2002 harvested acres for strawberries based on USDA Census
of Agriculture for California and conterminous US (inset) Estimates do
not include data for individual farms which NASS has excluded to protect
the identify of individual farms.**

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- -------- ---------- ------------- -------- --------- -------- ----------- ----------- --------- -------------- ----------
  **Table 5. Strawberry Bearing Soils of Monterey, San Luis Obispo, Santa                                                                                                                             
  Barbara, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz Counties (California) Ranked by                                                                                                                                
  Area.**                                                                                                                                                                                             

  [Soil]{.underline}                                                         Total     \% Area  Drainage   Erodibility   Slopes   pH        OM (%)   \% Sand     \% Silt     \% Clay   Strawberries   
                                                                             Acreage                                     (%)                                                           (crates)       

                                                                                                                                                                                       Irrigated      Non-Irr.

  [OCEANO](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/O/OCEANO.html)             44,106    22.67%   A          0.1-0.2       0-30     5.6-6.3   0.75-1   79.7-95     1.5-16.8    3.5       850            \-

  [METZ](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/M/METZ.html)                 28,750    14.78%   A          0.15-0.32     0-9      7.5       0.75     63.5-79.2   15.8-26.5   5-10      1250           \-

  [BAYWOOD](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/B/BAYWOOD.html)           24,180    12.43%   A          0.15-0.2      0-30     6.2-6.5   2.5      81.1-96.8   0.7-16.4    2.5       1500-1600      \-

  [ARROYO SECO](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/A/ARROYO_SECO.html)   22,040    11.33%   B          0.37          0-9      7.3       2        45.4-67.4   19.6-41.6   13        1100-1200      \-

  [PLACENTIA](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/P/PLACENTIA.html)       18,070    9.29%    D          0.37          0-15     6.7       1.25     65.1        18.9        16        1110-1275      \-

  [ARNOLD](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/A/ARNOLD.html)             14,297    7.35%    B/A        0.15-0.28     5-15     5.6-6.2   0.75     78.5-96     1.5-16.5    2.5-5     1100           \-

  [PICO](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/P/PICO.html)                 13,745    7.06%    B          0.32          0-2      8.2       2.5      64.5        19.5        16        1250           \-

  [BETTERAVIA](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/B/BETTERAVIA.html)     6,415     3.30%    C          0.37          0-9      5.3       0.75     83.5        9           7.5       750-800        \-

  [SOQUEL](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/S/SOQUEL.html)             6,145     3.16%    B          0.24-0.28     0-15     6.1       1.5      41.6        37.4        21        1350-1700      \-

  [WATSONVILLE](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/W/WATSONVILLE.html)   6,080     3.12%    D          0.37          0-15     6.5       0.75     43          38.5        18.5      600-650        \-

  [CONEJO](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/C/CONEJO.html)             4,425     2.27%    B          0.2-0.28      0-9      7-7.2     2.5      35.4-39.2   33.6-37.3   23.5-31   1350           \-

  [ELKHORN](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/E/ELKHORN.html)           3,620     1.86%    C          0.32          5-30     6.3       2        67.3        20.2        12.5      1200           \-

  SANDY ALLUVIAL LAND                                                        855       0.44%    C          0.15          0-5      7.6       0.75     96          1.5         2.5       1500           \-

  FLUVAQUENTIC HAPLOXEROLLS                                                  770       0.40%    B          \-            0-15     7         1.3      \-          \-          13        3000           \-

  BAYWOOD VARIANT                                                            590       0.30%    B/D        0.24          0-2      6.5       2.5      81.1        16.4        2.5       1600           \-

  SAN EMIGDIO VARIANT                                                        490       0.25%    B          0.28          0-2      7.9       0.75     67.4        19.6        13        1350           \-
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- -------- ---------- ------------- -------- --------- -------- ----------- ----------- --------- -------------- ----------

***Works Cited***

EPA. 1998. Carsel, R.F., J.C. Imhoff, P.R. Hummel, J.M. Cheplick, and
A.S. Donigian, Jr. PRZM-3, A Model for Predicting Pesticide and Nitrogen
Fate in the Crop Root and Unsaturated Soil Zones: Users Manual for
Release 3.0. National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research
and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA.

EPA. 1999. Jones, R.D., J. Breithaupt, J. Carleton, L. Libelo, J. Lin,
R. Matzner, and R. Parker. Guidance for Use of the Index Reservoir in
Drinking Water Exposure Assessments. Environmental Fate and Effects
Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.

EPA. 2004. Abel, S.A. Procedure for Conducting Quality Assurance and
Quality Control of Existing and New PRZM Field and Orchard Crop Standard
Scenarios. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide
Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

Haan, C.T. and B.J. Barfield. 1978. Hydrology and Sedimentology of
Surface Mined Lands. Office of Continuing Education and Extension,
College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506. pp
286.

TWCII. 2006. Averages and Records for Fresno, CA. The Weather Channel
Interactive, Inc. Online at:
http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/outdoors/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USCA0406

USDA. 1990. Davis, F.M., R.A. Leonard, W.G. Knisel. GLEAMS User Manual,
Version 1.8.55. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service (ARS), Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, Tifton, GA.
SEWRL-030190FMD.

USDA. 2001. Official Series Description -- OCEANO Series. U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service
(NRCS). December 2006. Online at:
http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/cgi-bin/osd/osdname.cgi?-P.

USDA. 1999. Crop Profile for Strawberries in California. U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Pest Management Centers. October 1999. Online at:
<http://www.ipmcenters.org/CropProfiles/docs/castrawberries.html>

USDA. 2000. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) EPA Pesticide
Project. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) and Agricultural Research Service (ARS).

USDA. 2002. 2002 Census of Agriculture. U.S. Department of Agriculture,
National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). Online at:
http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/preliminary/2002censusdates.htm.

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