![](media/image1.png){width="3.94375in" height="1.475in"}

Standard Measurement & Verification Plan

for

Chiller Replacement Projects

Conducted Under DOE's Super ESPC Program

**DRAFT IN PROGRESS**

**11/16/07**

Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP)

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

U.S. Department of Energy

This document was developed for the U.S. Department of Energy's Federal
Energy Management Program by Nexant, Inc., and Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory. This document WILL BE posted on FEMP's web site at
<http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/financing/superespcs_mvresources.html>.

Comments should be sent to lwebster@nexant.com

Contents

1\. Background [2](#background)

2\. How to use this Guide [2](#how-to-use-this-guide)

2.1 User Notes [2](#user-notes)

2.2 Risk and Responsibility Matrix [3](#risk-and-responsibility-matrix)

2.3 Instrumentation Requirements [4](#instrumentation-requirements)

2.4 M&V Plan Summary [4](#mv-plan-summary)

3\. Chiller Re M&V Plan and Savings Calculation Methods
[6](#chiller-re-mv-plan-and-savings-calculation-methods)

3.1 Overview of ECM, M&V Plan, and Savings Calculation for ECM
[6](#overview-of-ecm-mv-plan-and-savings-calculation-for-ecm)

3.2 Energy and Water Baseline Development
[7](#energy-and-water-baseline-development)

3.3 Proposed Energy & Water Savings Calculations and Methodology
[12](#proposed-energy-water-savings-calculations-and-methodology)

3.4 Operations and Maintenance and Other Cost Savings
[14](#operations-and-maintenance-and-other-cost-savings)

3.5 Proposed Annual Savings For ECM
[16](#proposed-annual-savings-for-ecm)

3.6 Post-Installation M&V Activities
[17](#post-installation-mv-activities)

3.7 Performance Period Verification Activities
[18](#performance-period-verification-activities)

# Background

This document provides a comprehensive framework for a measurement and
verification (M&V) Plan for chiller projects performed via an energy
performance contract. A working group of industry and private sector
parties involved with DOE's Super ESPC Program developed this document.
It should serve the following purposes:

-   Provide a foundation for an M&V plan for a common chiller
    replacement project utilizing a "best practice" approach, which
    considers risk allocation, engineering accuracy, and
    cost-effectiveness. This document provides a base document that must
    be customized for individual applications.

-   Reduce development and review times on individual projects.

-   Provide guidance to Agencies on what is essential for robust M&V
    plan for chiller projects.

-   Provides an example of an M&V Plan for one of the most common
    measures that complies with the requirements set forth in the FEMP
    M&V guidelines, Version 2.2[^1], and

-   Provides an example of the format for M&V Plans for Federal ESPC
    projects, as detailed by the M&V Plan Outline.[^2]

This document contains the basis for M&V Plan for chiller retrofit
measures, using Option x with some modifications. This methodology is
recommended for most one-for-one chiller replacement projects, as
outlined in Section 2.1.

# How to use this Guide

## User Notes

The M&V approach outlined herein contains many specific parameters. The
prescribed methodologies were developed with consideration for technical
accuracy, cost effectiveness, and appropriate risk allocation.

This draft plan is intended to be used as a starting point, and must be
customized for each project. This plan only covers section three, *M&V
Plan and Savings Calculation Methods,* of the M&V Plan Outline[^3], and
must be used with the first two sections *Executive Summary / M&V
Overview & Proposed Savings Calculations* and *Whole Project Data /
Global Assumptions.*

All text [highlighted Yellow]{.mark} should be customized for the
project. Highlighted text *[[underlined in italics]{.underline}]{.mark}*
indicates project specific data that should be included. In some
locations, footnotes are included to provide additional instructions.

For projects that deviate from the prescribed methodologies, the ESCO is
expected to document the deviations from the base plan, which:

-   Allows government staff to easily assess the M&V approach; and

-   Helps to ensure a minimum level of rigor is maintained on individual
    projects in order to maintain the integrity of the DOE program.

This approach is suitable for projects that:

-   Consist of one-for-one chiller replacements; a project size of XYZ
    tons or payback of XY Years, a one-for one replacement on tons, and
    includes control measures

-   Projects where energy saving are more than \$x per year and chiller
    savings comprise more than X% of total project savings

-   Projects where the agency seeks a "best practice" approach, which
    considers risk allocation, engineering accuracy, and
    cost-effectiveness.

## Risk and Responsibility Matrix

The risk and responsibility matrix provides an overview of risk
allocation in a Super ESPC contract. Since the matrix must align with
the M&V plan, the following are key items that need to be properly
addressed in the Risk and Responsibility matrix for this ECM are
outlined in Table 1.

Table 1 : Summary of Risk and responsibility Matrix Items for this ECM

+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Respons             |                                                |
| ibility/Description |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  **Financial:**  |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| a.  Interest rates: | > N/A                                          |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| b.  Energy prices:  | > Will use peak demand rates, no ratchet       |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| c.  Construction    | > N/A                                          |
|     costs:          |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| d.  M & V costs:    | > Yet to be determined                         |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| e.  Non-Energy Cost | > \$2000 for non-routine maintenance,          |
|     Savings:        | > replacement R-11                             |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| f.  Delays:         | > N/A                                          |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| g.  Major changes   | > See Load, below                              |
|     in facility:    |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| 2                   |                                                |
| .  **Operational:** |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| a.  Operating       | > See Load, below                              |
|     hours:          |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| b.  Load:           | > ESCo not responsible for changes in load.    |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| c.  Weather:        | > ESCo not responsible for weather.            |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| d.  User            | > See Operations, below                        |
|     participation:  |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| 3                   |                                                |
| .  **Performance:** |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| a.  Equipment       | > ESCO responsible for equipment performance,  |
|     performance:    | > as defined by kW/ton performance curves      |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| b.  Operations:     | > Customer must comply with operational        |
|                     | > sequence installed with ECM. ESCO is         |
|                     | > responsible for oversight.                   |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| c.  Preventive      | > Customer must comply with ESCO specs and     |
|     Maintenance:    | > manufacturer's requirements. ESCO is         |
|                     | > responsible for oversight.                   |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| d.  Equipment       | > Agency is responsible for equipment repair   |
|     Repair and      | > and replacement.                             |
|     Replacement:    |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+

## Instrumentation Requirements

The sample M&V plan specifies the minimum accuracy requirements of the
instrumentation to be used for measurements. Specific instrumentation
identified in the sample plan are provided as examples of the type of
measurement device which should be used. Include the actual
specifications and measurement accuracies of any equipment used. If the
accuracy is much less than prescribed, the measurements from equipment
may not be suitable as they introduce additional error into the energy
calculations.

Table 2‑2 : Example Instrumentation Specifications

  ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------
  **Equipment Type**  **Purpose**         **Accuracy of       **Example
                                          Measurement**       Brand
                                                              Names**

  Portable Flow meter Chilled water flow                      
                      (GPM)                                   

  Inline Flow meter   Chilled water flow                      
                      (GPM)                                   

  Temperature Sensors Chilled water                           
                      supply and return                       
                      temperatures (ºF)                       
  ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------

## M&V Plan Summary 

The following table summarizes the key elements present in this Standard
M&V plan for chiller replacements. The content is organized into four
sections: Baseline M&V Activities, Post-Installation M&V Activities,
Annual / Periodic M&V Activities, and Energy Use and Savings
Calculations.

**Table 3 : Summary of Key Elements in Standard M&V Plan for Chiller
Replacement**

+--------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+
| **ECM --     |                     |             |                  |
| Chiller      |                     |             |                  |
| R            |                     |             |                  |
| eplacement** |                     |             |                  |
+--------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+
| **Brief ECM  |                     |             |                  |
| De           |                     |             |                  |
| scription:** |                     |             |                  |
+--------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+
| **M&V        | **Option: A / B**   | **          | **FEMP M&V       |
| Option:**    |                     | Protocol:** | Guidelines V     |
|              |                     |             | 2.2**            |
+--------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+
| **[Baseline  |                     |             |                  |
| M&V          |                     |             |                  |
| Ac           |                     |             |                  |
| tivities]{.u |                     |             |                  |
| nderline}**: |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| *(Summary of |                     |             |                  |
| Measurements |                     |             |                  |
| Performed,   |                     |             |                  |
| Assumptions, |                     |             |                  |
| Other        |                     |             |                  |
| Sources of   |                     |             |                  |
| Data,        |                     |             |                  |
| Baseline     |                     |             |                  |
| Energy Use   |                     |             |                  |
| Calculation  |                     |             |                  |
| M            |                     |             |                  |
| ethodology)* |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   Mandate  |                     |             |                  |
|     baseline |                     |             |                  |
|     meter    |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|  calibration |                     |             |                  |
|     &        |                     |             |                  |
|     accuracy |                     |             |                  |
|     (see     |                     |             |                  |
|     Draft    |                     |             |                  |
|     ASHRAE   |                     |             |                  |
|     G-22 on  |                     |             |                  |
|     Central  |                     |             |                  |
|     plant    |                     |             |                  |
|     ins      |                     |             |                  |
| trumentation |                     |             |                  |
|     and      |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   efficiency |                     |             |                  |
|     m        |                     |             |                  |
| easurements) |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   Perform  |                     |             |                  |
|     c        |                     |             |                  |
| omprehensive |                     |             |                  |
|     baseline |                     |             |                  |
|     data     |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   collection |                     |             |                  |
|     during   |                     |             |                  |
|     shoulder |                     |             |                  |
|     and peak |                     |             |                  |
|     months   |                     |             |                  |
|     (either  |                     |             |                  |
|     April to |                     |             |                  |
|     July or  |                     |             |                  |
|     August - |                     |             |                  |
|     October) |                     |             |                  |
|     and      |                     |             |                  |
|     include: |                     |             |                  |
|     chiller  |                     |             |                  |
|     kWs,     |                     |             |                  |
|     Metered  |                     |             |                  |
|     tons     |                     |             |                  |
|     (Chilled |                     |             |                  |
|     water    |                     |             |                  |
|     flow,    |                     |             |                  |
|     CHWST,   |                     |             |                  |
|     CHSRT),  |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    condenser |                     |             |                  |
|     water    |                     |             |                  |
|     supply   |                     |             |                  |
|     and      |                     |             |                  |
|     return   |                     |             |                  |
|     t        |                     |             |                  |
| emperatures, |                     |             |                  |
|     pump kWs |                     |             |                  |
|     (if      |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   affected), |                     |             |                  |
|     cooling  |                     |             |                  |
|     tower    |                     |             |                  |
|     fan kWs  |                     |             |                  |
|     (if      |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   affected), |                     |             |                  |
|     outdoor  |                     |             |                  |
|     air      |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|  temperature |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   Baseline |                     |             |                  |
|     do       |                     |             |                  |
| cumentation: |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    Nameplate |                     |             |                  |
|     data,    |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    Operating |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   schedules; |                     |             |                  |
|     Chiller  |                     |             |                  |
|     ages and |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   condition; |                     |             |                  |
|     Loads    |                     |             |                  |
|     served;  |                     |             |                  |
|     location |                     |             |                  |
+--------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+
| **[Post-     |                     |             |                  |
| Installation |                     |             |                  |
| M&V          |                     |             |                  |
| A            |                     |             |                  |
| ctivities]{. |                     |             |                  |
| underline}** |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| > *Summary   |                     |             |                  |
| > of         |                     |             |                  |
| >            |                     |             |                  |
| Inspections, |                     |             |                  |
| >            |                     |             |                  |
| Measurements |                     |             |                  |
| > to be      |                     |             |                  |
| > performed, |                     |             |                  |
| > Reporting  |                     |             |                  |
| >            |                     |             |                  |
| Requirements |                     |             |                  |
| > and        |                     |             |                  |
| >            |                     |             |                  |
|  Submittals* |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   Post-    |                     |             |                  |
| Installation |                     |             |                  |
|     report   |                     |             |                  |
|     in       |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   accordance |                     |             |                  |
|     with     |                     |             |                  |
|     IDIQ     |                     |             |                  |
|     R        |                     |             |                  |
| equirements. |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   Factory  |                     |             |                  |
|     test     |                     |             |                  |
|     results  |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   C        |                     |             |                  |
| ommissioning |                     |             |                  |
|     report   |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| > Measured   |                     |             |                  |
| > pump kWs   |                     |             |                  |
| > (if        |                     |             |                  |
| > affected), |                     |             |                  |
| > cooling    |                     |             |                  |
| > tower fan  |                     |             |                  |
| > kWs (if    |                     |             |                  |
| > affected)  |                     |             |                  |
+--------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+
| **[Annual or |                     |             |                  |
| Periodic M&V |                     |             |                  |
| Ac           |                     |             |                  |
| tivities:]{. |                     |             |                  |
| underline}** |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| > *(Summary  |                     |             |                  |
| > of         |                     |             |                  |
| >            |                     |             |                  |
| Inspections, |                     |             |                  |
| >            |                     |             |                  |
| Measurements |                     |             |                  |
| > to be      |                     |             |                  |
| > performed, |                     |             |                  |
| > Reporting  |                     |             |                  |
| >            |                     |             |                  |
| Requirements |                     |             |                  |
| > and        |                     |             |                  |
| >            |                     |             |                  |
| Submittals)* |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   O&M data |                     |             |                  |
|     to be    |                     |             |                  |
|     provided |                     |             |                  |
|     by       |                     |             |                  |
|     facility |                     |             |                  |
|     and      |                     |             |                  |
|     included |                     |             |                  |
|     in       |                     |             |                  |
|     Annual   |                     |             |                  |
|     Report   |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   Annual   |                     |             |                  |
|     Report   |                     |             |                  |
|     in       |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   accordance |                     |             |                  |
|     with     |                     |             |                  |
|     IDIQ     |                     |             |                  |
|     R        |                     |             |                  |
| equirements. |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| ```{=html}   |                     |             |                  |
| <!-- -->     |                     |             |                  |
| ```          |                     |             |                  |
| -   Verify   |                     |             |                  |
|     O&M has  |                     |             |                  |
|     been     |                     |             |                  |
|     properly |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    executed, |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    including |                     |             |                  |
|     periodic |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|  calibration |                     |             |                  |
|     of       |                     |             |                  |
|     ins      |                     |             |                  |
| trumentation |                     |             |                  |
|     to       |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   prescribed |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   accuracies |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   Perform  |                     |             |                  |
|     system   |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|  performance |                     |             |                  |
|     test     |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    utilizing |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|  permanently |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    installed |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    metering. |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   Compare  |                     |             |                  |
|     measured |                     |             |                  |
|     kW/Ton   |                     |             |                  |
|     to       |                     |             |                  |
|     expected |                     |             |                  |
|     values   |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| ```{=html}   |                     |             |                  |
| <!-- -->     |                     |             |                  |
| ```          |                     |             |                  |
| -            |                     |             |                  |
|    Calculate |                     |             |                  |
|     post-    |                     |             |                  |
| installation |                     |             |                  |
|     energy   |                     |             |                  |
|     use      |                     |             |                  |
|     using    |                     |             |                  |
|     measured |                     |             |                  |
|     values   |                     |             |                  |
|     applied  |                     |             |                  |
|     to       |                     |             |                  |
|     baseline |                     |             |                  |
|     load     |                     |             |                  |
|     profile  |                     |             |                  |
+--------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+
| **[Energy    |                     |             |                  |
| Use and      |                     |             |                  |
| Savings      |                     |             |                  |
| Calc         |                     |             |                  |
| ulations:]{. |                     |             |                  |
| underline}** |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| > *(Summary  |                     |             |                  |
| > of Savings |                     |             |                  |
| >            |                     |             |                  |
|  Calculation |                     |             |                  |
| > Method)*   |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   Use      |                     |             |                  |
|     baseline |                     |             |                  |
|     measured |                     |             |                  |
|     data to  |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    determine |                     |             |                  |
|     existing |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|  operational |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   efficiency |                     |             |                  |
|     curve    |                     |             |                  |
|     and load |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    profiles. |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -            |                     |             |                  |
|    Determine |                     |             |                  |
|     baseline |                     |             |                  |
|     load     |                     |             |                  |
|     relation |                     |             |                  |
|     to       |                     |             |                  |
|     outside  |                     |             |                  |
|     air      |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|  temperature |                     |             |                  |
|     (assume  |                     |             |                  |
|     linear   |                     |             |                  |
|     re       |                     |             |                  |
| lationship). |                     |             |                  |
|     Apply to |                     |             |                  |
|     8760     |                     |             |                  |
|     typical  |                     |             |                  |
|     me       |                     |             |                  |
| teorological |                     |             |                  |
|     year     |                     |             |                  |
|     (TMY)    |                     |             |                  |
|     weather  |                     |             |                  |
|     data to  |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   normalized |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    baseline. |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   To       |                     |             |                  |
|     account  |                     |             |                  |
|     for      |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| interactions |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|  (reductions |                     |             |                  |
|     in load) |                     |             |                  |
|     from     |                     |             |                  |
|     other    |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    measures, |                     |             |                  |
|     loads    |                     |             |                  |
|     saved    |                     |             |                  |
|     will be  |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|   subtracted |                     |             |                  |
|     to       |                     |             |                  |
|     arrive   |                     |             |                  |
|     at the   |                     |             |                  |
|     adjusted |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    baseline. |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| -   Each     |                     |             |                  |
|     year,    |                     |             |                  |
|     measured |                     |             |                  |
|     kW/ton   |                     |             |                  |
|     of       |                     |             |                  |
|     chillers |                     |             |                  |
|     will be  |                     |             |                  |
|     applied  |                     |             |                  |
|     to       |                     |             |                  |
|     adjusted |                     |             |                  |
|     baseline |                     |             |                  |
|     load to  |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
|    determine |                     |             |                  |
|     energy   |                     |             |                  |
|     and      |                     |             |                  |
|     demand   |                     |             |                  |
|     savings. |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| Apply        |                     |             |                  |
| stipulated   |                     |             |                  |
| demand and   |                     |             |                  |
| energy rates |                     |             |                  |
| to determine |                     |             |                  |
| cost savings |                     |             |                  |
|              |                     |             |                  |
| Minimal      |                     |             |                  |
| savings from |                     |             |                  |
| reduced      |                     |             |                  |
| replacement  |                     |             |                  |
| parts        |                     |             |                  |
+--------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+

#  Chiller Re M&V Plan and Savings Calculation Methods

## 3.1 Overview of ECM, M&V Plan, and Savings Calculation for ECM  {#overview-of-ecm-mv-plan-and-savings-calculation-for-ecm .unnumbered}

3.1.1 [Three 225-ton centrifugal chillers using R-11 refrigerant will be
replaced with three high-efficiency 225-ton centrifugal chillers using
R-134a refrigerant. ECM scope includes recovery of the R-11 refrigerant
as well as demolition and removal of the old chillers. Related ECMs
include control upgrades which will reduce the load on the central
plant. Central plant peripheral equipment will be reused.]{.mark}

[The chilled water plant supplies 44º F chilled water during the months
of April to October. The three existing cooling towers will be reused,
along with the pumping and distribution systems. Both the new and old
chillers will use condenser water temperatures of down to 70ºF when
available.]{.mark}

[Capital investment for this ECM is \$1,215,000 (\$1,800/ton), and first
year energy cost savings are estimated to be \$35,000/yr, O&M savings of
\$2,000 are being claimed based on documented replacement parts and
purchased R-11 that will be eliminated. The SPB of 33 years is long, but
necessary due to the need to replace the aging chillers and to convert
refrigerants. The other measures in this project help to shorten the
overall payback of the project.]{.mark}

3.1.2 This measure uses a combination of FEMP M&V options A and B,
retrofit isolation with measurement. Although both post-installation
loads and energy use of the chillers are being measured continuously,
this is not an option B approach since the measured energy use is not
used to directly calculate savings.

This approach was selected for this project so the ongoing
responsibilities of the project are aligned as agreed to in the risk and
responsibility matrix for this project. Since the ESCo is not
responsible for changes in loads or weather, the cooling load is
stipulated based on measured data during the baseline, and adjusted to
"typical" weather. Similarly, since the ESCo is responsible for the
performance of the new chillers, equipment performance is validated
during each performance year, and savings are recalculated if
significant change have occurred. The ongoing performance of the
chillers is dependant upon the Agency conducting all operational and
maintenance items required.

3.1.3 The M&V plan for this ECM is based on the very thorough baseline
data collection and analysis that was conducted which was sufficient to
fully quantify the performance of the existing chillers as well as the
hourly cooling loads experienced. Baseline metering was conducted for a
period of three months which covered both peak cooling and swing month
conditions. During the baseline, the existing chillers' electric power
use and load variables (chilled water flow, chilled water supply
temperature, chilled water return temperature, condenser water
temperature, chiller kW) were metered.

The purpose of collecting baseline chiller data was to develop two
models: 1) the existing chillers' efficiencies and, 2) the cooling loads
experience by the plant based on outdoor air temperature. Approximately
three months of baseline metering was conducted, with enough data points
collected to successfully build both the performance model and the
cooling load model.

The baseline cooling load model which was constructed using local
measured weather conditions was applied to typical meteorological year
(TMY) weather data for the site to determine the average annual cooling
load profile for the facility. Performance models of the existing and
proposed chillers were applied to this average load profile to determine
the estimated savings. Proposed chiller performance was based on
manufacture's performance data under various load and operating
conditions.

During the performance period, the cooling load and chiller performances
(kWs) will be continuously metered by the EMCS to ensure operation is
within expected ranges and to determine actual cooling load. During
[August]{.mark} of each year the ESCo will perform an annual chiller
plant sensor calibration and chiller performance test. The performance
test period will start immediately after annual calibration is
completed, and will last for 2 weeks.

During the first year, the data from the performance test shall be used
to develop a performance model of each of the chillers. These models
will be applied to the stipulated load profile and compared to the
baseline conditions to determine savings.

After the first year, the year 1 chiller models shall be validated, then
the model is still valid and can be re-used to calculate savings. If the
model is not found to still be valid, metered data from that performance
period will be used to develop an updated model, which will be applied
to determine savings.

4.  Energy and demand savings calculations will be based on the cooling
    load profile developed during the baseline that was adjusted to
    typical TMY weather data. The post-installation chiller energy and
    demand is determined from validated performance period models.

The new chiller performance model using verified kW/ton values is
applied to the cooling load profile, and total energy and peak demand
for each month is determined. Baseline and post-installation model
results are compared for each hour of the year, and energy and demand
savings are calculated from the coincident time periods. The annual
energy savings are the sum of the hourly energy savings and the peak
demand savings are determined for each month during the time period
which corresponds to the times when the building's peak demand is
typically set.

## 3.2 Energy and Water Baseline Development {#energy-and-water-baseline-development .unnumbered}

### 3.2.1 Data collection of each of the existing chillers' demand, entering and leaving chilled water temperatures occurred during [April 3 to July 17, 2006]{.mark}. Also collected were total chilled water flow and condenser water temperatures for the entire plant. The nameplate data for the existing chillers is summarized in Table 4. {#data-collection-of-each-of-the-existing-chillers-demand-entering-and-leaving-chilled-water-temperatures-occurred-during-april-3-to-july-17-2006.-also-collected-were-total-chilled-water-flow-and-condenser-water-temperatures-for-the-entire-plant.-the-nameplate-data-for-the-existing-chillers-is-summarized-in-table-4. .unnumbered}

[Table 4]{.mark} : Summary of Nameplate Data for Baseline Chillers

  ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
  **[Item]{.mark}**   **[Chiller          **[Chiller          **[Chiller
                      #1]{.mark}**        #2]{.mark}**        #3]{.mark}**

  [Brand]{.mark}      [Trane              [Trane              [Trane
                      Cetravac]{.mark}    Cetravac]{.mark}    Cetravac]{.mark}

  [Model]{.mark}      [Model              [Model              [Model
                      F-GD2-GO2]{.mark}   F-GD2-GO2]{.mark}   F-GD2-GO2]{.mark}

  [Capacity]{.mark}   [225 tons]{.mark}   [225 tons]{.mark}   [225 tons]{.mark}

  [Rated kW]{.mark}   [194 kW]{.mark}     [194 kW]{.mark}     [194 kW]{.mark}

  [Serial \#]{.mark}  [N/A]{.mark}        [N/A]{.mark}        [N/A]{.mark}
  ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

### The data was collected in coincident 15-minute intervals using both stand-along data loggers and the EMCS system, as detailed in Table 5. In order to collect data over a full range of operating conditions (chilled and condenser water temperatures, chiller demand), the condenser and chilled water temperatures were reset manually.  {#the-data-was-collected-in-coincident-15-minute-intervals-using-both-stand-along-data-loggers-and-the-emcs-system-as-detailed-in-table-5.-in-order-to-collect-data-over-a-full-range-of-operating-conditions-chilled-and-condenser-water-temperatures-chiller-demand-the-condenser-and-chilled-water-temperatures-were-reset-manually. .unnumbered}

### The data was analyzed and an appropriate model of chiller performance was developed for each chiller, as described below. Similarly, an hourly ton-hour load model based on the metered load and outdoor air temperatures was developed. The hourly load model was adjusted to TMY data, and the chiller models were applied to this "average" load profile to determine baseline energy and peak demand use for each month. {#the-data-was-analyzed-and-an-appropriate-model-of-chiller-performance-was-developed-for-each-chiller-as-described-below.-similarly-an-hourly-ton-hour-load-model-based-on-the-metered-load-and-outdoor-air-temperatures-was-developed.-the-hourly-load-model-was-adjusted-to-tmy-data-and-the-chiller-models-were-applied-to-this-average-load-profile-to-determine-baseline-energy-and-peak-demand-use-for-each-month. .unnumbered}

3.2.2 The key variables affecting baseline energy use are total cooling
load, chiller staging, chilled water temperature, condenser water
temperature, chilled water flow rate, condenser water flow rate and the
efficiency of the existing chillers.

### 3.2.3 The key system performance factors that characterize the baseline are total cooling load, chilled water temperature, chilled water flow rate, condenser water temperature, and chiller efficiency. {#the-key-system-performance-factors-that-characterize-the-baseline-are-total-cooling-load-chilled-water-temperature-chilled-water-flow-rate-condenser-water-temperature-and-chiller-efficiency. .unnumbered}

### 3.2.4 Requirements for government witnessing of measurements are as defined in whole project data requirements earlier in the M&V plan. The baseline measurements for the chiller were witnessed and certified by [Facilities Supervisor Don Wong on 7/17/06]{.mark}, and documentation is included in the Appendix. {#requirements-for-government-witnessing-of-measurements-are-as-defined-in-whole-project-data-requirements-earlier-in-the-mv-plan.-the-baseline-measurements-for-the-chiller-were-witnessed-and-certified-by-facilities-supervisor-don-wong-on-71706-and-documentation-is-included-in-the-appendix. .unnumbered}

### 3.2.5 Chiller plant metering utilized both the EMCS data and stand-along loggers. Prior to starting data collection, the EMCS sensors were calibrated to ensure accuracy. Data were collected for all points in coincident 15 minute intervals. A summary of the data points collected and calibration performed is provided Table 5. The calibration forms used are included in the Appendix. An excerpt of the measured data is shown in Table 6, and all data were submitted in spreadsheet format along with this M&V plan. {#chiller-plant-metering-utilized-both-the-emcs-data-and-stand-along-loggers.-prior-to-starting-data-collection-the-emcs-sensors-were-calibrated-to-ensure-accuracy.-data-were-collected-for-all-points-in-coincident-15-minute-intervals.-a-summary-of-the-data-points-collected-and-calibration-performed-is-provided-table-5.-the-calibration-forms-used-are-included-in-the-appendix.-an-excerpt-of-the-measured-data-is-shown-in-table-6-and-all-data-were-submitted-in-spreadsheet-format-along-with-this-mv-plan. .unnumbered}

Table 5 : Chiller Baseline Data Collection

  ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- -------------------- --------------------
  **[Data           **[Collection      **[Make /         **[Measurement       **[Calibration
  Point]{.mark}**   Device]{.mark}**   Model]{.mark}**   Accuracy]{.mark}**   Device]{.mark}**

  Chilled Water     []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [Fluke Thermocouple
  Supply                                                                      Thermometer
  temperature                                                                 51/51II]{.mark}

  Chilled Water     []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [Fluke Thermocouple
  return                                                                      Thermometer
  temperature                                                                 51/51II]{.mark}

  Condenser water   []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [Fluke Thermocouple
  supply                                                                      Thermometer
  temperature                                                                 51/51II]{.mark}

  Condenser water   []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [Fluke Thermocouple
  return                                                                      Thermometer
  temperature                                                                 51/51II]{.mark}

  Chilled water     [Portable          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [?]{.mark}
  flow rate         ultrasonic flow                                           
                    meter]{.mark}                                             

  Chiller kW        [Elite 6-channel   []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [Fluke 40]{.mark}
                    data                                                      
                    recorder]{.mark}                                          

  Outdoor Air       []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [Fluke Thermocouple
  Temperature                                                                 Thermometer
                                                                              51/51II]{.mark}

  Outdoor Air       []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [?]{.mark}
  Wet-bulb                                                                    
  Temperature                                                                 
  ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- -------------------- --------------------

Table 6 : Excerpt from Baseline Data Collected

![](media/image2.wmf){width="6.645138888888889in" height="1.04375in"}

### The baseline data was analyzed to determine 1) building cooling load profile, and 2) performance of the existing chillers. The baseline data was manipulated to calculate tons of cooling for each chiller at each 15-minute time interval, per equation below.

> **Equation 1:**

### **TONS~t~ = (CHWF)(500)(CHWRT -- CHWST) / (12,000)** {#tonst-chwf500chwrt-chwst-12000 .unnumbered}

> Where:
>
> CHWF Chilled water flow in gallons per minute (GPM) for chiller
>
> (Total chilled water flow/number of chillers on-line)
>
> CHWRT Entering chilled water temperature (return temperature, °F)
>
> CHWST Leaving chilled water temperature (supply temperature, °F)
>
> 500 Conversion from GPM to Btu per hour-degree Fahrenheit
>
> 12,000 Conversion from BTUH to tons
>
> The calculated baseline cooling loads were correlated to measured
> outdoor air temperature, as shown in Figure 1. Although the
> correlation of tons to temperature had a coefficient of variation
> (R^2^) was less 0.5, this correlation is sufficient to predict the
> annual cooling loads. The load profile of the facility was then
> applied to [hourly TMY data from WBAN 94728]{.mark}[^4] weather site
> to determine annual loads.

Figure 1 : Measured Tons and Outdoor Air Temperature

> ![](media/image3.wmf){width="4.497222222222222in"
> height="2.473611111111111in"}
>
> The cooling loads calculated to be saved from the other measures
> included in this project were then subtracted to determine the
> adjusted cooling loads. The occupancy schedule of the facility was
> applied, and loads during unoccupied hours were deleted. The baseline
> adjustments made and resulting monthly loads are in Table 7.
>
> The result is an hourly model of the chiller load profile using
> "average" weather conditions shown below.

Table 7 : Baseline TMY Loads and Adjustments Made

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Month**     **ECM #1-     **ECM #2-     **Total        **Ton Hours**
                Cooling       EMCS Cooling  Cooling        
                Ton-Hours     Ton-Hours     Ton-Hours      
                Saved**       saved**       Adjusted**     
  ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- ---------------
  1             \-            \-            \-             \-

  2             2             \-            2              283

  3             79            \-            79             12,767

  4             177           \-            177            28,640

  5             845           685           1,531          137,082

  6             1,223         992           2,215          198,335

  7             1,470         1,192         2,661          238,346

  8             1,344         1,090         2,433          217,918

  9             1,106         897           2,003          179,388

  10            496           \-            496            80,499

  11            111           \-            111            17,947

  12            60            \-            60             9,698

  **Totals:**   **6,911**     **4,855**     **11,767**     **1,120,902**
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Figure 2 : Measured Cooling Load Applied to TMY Weather Data

> ![](media/image4.wmf){width="4.504166666666666in" height="2.9375in"}
>
> [Options for Analysis:]{.mark}
>
> [There are several component based models that work well with metered
> chiller data. Two options are presented herein. Picking a model to use
> should be based on the level of variation expected in the operating
> parameters of the chiller.]{.mark}
>
> []{.mark}
>
> [For systems utilizing fairly constant chilled and condenser water
> temperatures, a simplified linear model is appropriate:]{.mark}
>
> []{.mark}
>
> **[1/COP = C~1~(1/Load) + C~0\ ~]{.mark}**[^5]
>
> []{.mark}
>
> [This approach offers a simplified regression technique by using the
> reciprocal values of COP and Load. The coefficients C~1~ and C~0~ can
> be determined from measured data. The final equation can be
> manipulated and used to predict actual COP, and then kW/ton.]{.mark}
>
> []{.mark}
>
> [For systems using more dynamic operating conditions, a temperature
> dependent model should be used. Measured data should be used to
> determine the coefficients A~0~ to A~9~. The resulting equation can
> then be applied to the load profile and actual operating
> conditions.]{.mark}
>
> []{.mark}
>
> **[Power = A~0~ + A~1~\*T~CHW~ + A~2~\*T~CHW~^2^ + A~3~\*T~CW~ +
> A~4~\*T~CW~^2^ + A~5~\*PLR + A~6~\*PLR^2^ + A~7~\*T~CHW~\*T~CW~ +
> A~8~\*T~CHW~\*PLR + A~9~\*T~CW~\*PLR]{.mark}**[^6]

### The chiller performance models were developed for each chiller using the metered data and applied to the following component based model: {#the-chiller-performance-models-were-developed-for-each-chiller-using-the-metered-data-and-applied-to-the-following-component-based-model .unnumbered}

> **Equation 2:**
>
> **[Power = A~0~ + A~1~\*T~CHW~ + A~2~\*T~CHW~^2^ + A~3~\*T~CW~ +
> A~4~\*T~CW~^2^ + A~5~\*PLR + A~6~\*PLR^2^ + A~7~\*T~CHW~\*T~CW~ +
> A~8~\*T~CHW~\*PLR + A~9~\*T~CW~\*PLR]{.mark}**
>
> Metered data from was used along with equipment nameplate data to
> determine the coefficients A~0~ through A~9~ for the existing
> chillers.
>
> Although the chillers are identical and are operated in parallel, a
> performance model for each chiller was developed and applied. This
> approach ensures any differences in the performance of the existing
> units are captured. The models were developed using Microsoft Excel's
> regression function. These models have a close fit to measured data,
> as shown in Figure 3 below. The statistical results of the analyses
> are included in the Appendix.

Table 8 : Baseline Chiller Model Coefficients

  -------------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
  **[Coefficient]{.mark}**   **[CH 1]{.mark}**   **[CH2]{.mark}**    **[CH3]{.mark}**

  [A0]{.mark}                [456.0386]{.mark}   [70.45294]{.mark}   [15.51836]{.mark}

  [A1]{.mark}                [-9.43391]{.mark}   [-1.43935]{.mark}   [-0.02565]{.mark}

  [A2]{.mark}                [0.01412]{.mark}    [0.004126]{.mark}   [-0.00018]{.mark}

  [A3]{.mark}                [-6.20574]{.mark}   [-0.9671]{.mark}    [-0.38504]{.mark}

  [A4]{.mark}                [0.007466]{.mark}   [0.002007]{.mark}   [0.002305]{.mark}

  [A5]{.mark}                [143.6792]{.mark}   [0]{.mark}          [0]{.mark}

  [A6]{.mark}                [-55.2703]{.mark}   [-55.1646]{.mark}   [-33.4058]{.mark}

  [A7]{.mark}                [0.107666]{.mark}   [0.013987]{.mark}   [0.000566]{.mark}

  [A8]{.mark}                [0.360037]{.mark}   [1.882767]{.mark}   [1.531132]{.mark}

  [A9]{.mark}                [0.499539]{.mark}   [1.364763]{.mark}   [1.38086]{.mark}
  -------------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

Figure 3 : Measured and Predicted kW for Chiller-1

> ![](media/image5.wmf){width="4.502083333333333in"
> height="2.972916666666667in"}

## 3.3 Proposed Energy & Water Savings Calculations and Methodology {#proposed-energy-water-savings-calculations-and-methodology .unnumbered}

3.3.1 The savings calculation approach for this measure compares hourly
energy use of the baseline as predicted by the chiller models developed
from measured data and adjusted to TMY load conditions to that of the
verified post-case performance. Post-case chiller performance will be
based on mathematical models developed from short-term metered data
collected in the first performance year, using the same strategies used
to build the baseline models.

The post-installation chiller models will be applied to the adjusted
load profile that is based on TMY data. Energy and demand savings will
be calculated for each hour, and peak demand savings will be determined
for each calendar month. The peak demand savings will only be considered
between [1 and 4 PM on weekdays,]{.mark} which is when the building's
overall peak demand is set. Manufacturer's performance data was used to
initially predict the performance of the new chillers.

After the first year, the post-installation chiller models shall be
validated to ensure continued accuracy by using the model validation
strategy detailed in Section 3.7.7. If the model is found to still be
valid, it will be used to calculate savings. If the model is not found
to still be valid, metered data from that performance period will be
used to develop an updated model, which will be applied to adjusted
loads to determine performance period energy and demand use.

### 3.3.2 Key assumptions included in this approach are: {#key-assumptions-included-in-this-approach-are .unnumbered}

### The identical chillers operating in parallel will have equal loading between the operating units. 

### The total chilled water flow measured in the shared supply header is equally shared between operating chillers.

### TMY weather data from [WBAN 94728 weather site (Central Park)]{.mark} accurately depicts a "typical" weather year for the site.

### The load profile that was determined from measured data during the baseline and applied to the TMY data accurately depicts the load profile for the facility.

-   The baseline and post-installation chiller performances are
    accurately depicted in the mathematical models developed.

-   Cooling tower performance (approach and range) measured during the
    baseline will remain constant during the performance period.

### 3.3.3 The energy and demand savings will be calculated using Equations 3 and 4. {#the-energy-and-demand-savings-will-be-calculated-using-equations-3-and-4. .unnumbered}

> **Equation 3:**
>
> **Energy Savings (kWh) = Σt (kWh~t~, ~baseline~ -- kWh~t~, ~post~ )**
>
> Where:
>
> kWh~t,baseline~= Energy that the baseline chillers would have used
> under the average TMY load conditions encountered for hour interval t
> in the post-installation period
>
> kWh~t,\ measured,\ post~ = Energy required by the new chillers under
> the average TMY load conditions encountered for hour interval t in the
> post-installation period
>
> **Equation 4:**
>
> **Monthly Demand Savings (kW) = MAX{(kW~t,baseline~) --
> (kW~t,post~)}**
>
> Where:
>
> (kW~t,baseline~) is the baseline chiller demand predicted for each
> 15-minute interval during the building's peak period during hour t
> using the model developed for the baseline chiller.
>
> (kW~t,post~) is the measured demand of the new chiller during the same
> interval.

Annual cost savings will be calculated using Equation 5.

> **Equation 5:**
>
> **Annual Cost Savings = Energy Savings (kWh) \* Rate~kWh~ +\
> Σmonth(Monthly Demand Savings \* Rate~kW~)**

### 3.3.4 The chiller load and performance baseline is fixed for the duration of the contract and will not be adjusted. Post-installation savings may vary from year to year if the measured post-installation performance of the chillers varies significantly. {#the-chiller-load-and-performance-baseline-is-fixed-for-the-duration-of-the-contract-and-will-not-be-adjusted.-post-installation-savings-may-vary-from-year-to-year-if-the-measured-post-installation-performance-of-the-chillers-varies-significantly. .unnumbered}

### The energy and demand rates used to calculate cost savings are based on actual utility cost structures, and discussed in Whole Project Data / Global Assumptions section of this M&V plan. The peak demand charges apply to the maximum peak demand set for the building, which usually occurs [from 1 PM to 4 PM weekdays for all calendar months.]{.mark} Therefore, chiller demand savings will only be considered during those hours.

### These rates will be escalated at a rate of [2.2%]{.mark} per year as shown in Table 9 : Performance Period Energy and Demand Rates and discussed in Whole Project Data / Global Assumptions section of this M&V plan. {#these-rates-will-be-escalated-at-a-rate-of-2.2-per-year-as-shown-in-table-9-performance-period-energy-and-demand-rates-and-discussed-in-whole-project-data-global-assumptions-section-of-this-mv-plan. .unnumbered}

Table 9 : Performance Period Energy and Demand Rates

  ----------------------- -------------------- --------------------------
  [Performance            [Energy              [Peak Demand \$/kW]{.mark}
  Year]{.mark}            \$/kWh]{.mark}       

  [0]{.mark}              [\$ 0.0525]{.mark}   [\$ 9.57]{.mark}

  [1]{.mark}              [\$ 0.0537]{.mark}   [\$ 9.78]{.mark}

  [2]{.mark}              [\$ 0.0548]{.mark}   [\$10.00]{.mark}

  [3]{.mark}              [\$ 0.0560]{.mark}   [\$10.22]{.mark}

  [4]{.mark}              [\$ 0.0573]{.mark}   [\$10.44]{.mark}

  [5]{.mark}              [\$ 0.0585]{.mark}   [\$10.67]{.mark}

  [6]{.mark}              [\$ 0.0598]{.mark}   [\$10.90]{.mark}

  [7]{.mark}              [\$ 0.0611]{.mark}   [\$11.14]{.mark}

  [8]{.mark}              [\$ 0.0625]{.mark}   [\$11.39]{.mark}

  [9]{.mark}              [\$ 0.0639]{.mark}   [\$11.64]{.mark}

  [10]{.mark}             [\$ 0.0653]{.mark}   [\$11.90]{.mark}

  [11]{.mark}             [\$ 0.0667]{.mark}   [\$12.16]{.mark}

  [12]{.mark}             [\$ 0.0682]{.mark}   [\$12.43]{.mark}

  [13]{.mark}             [\$ 0.0697]{.mark}   [\$12.70]{.mark}

  [14]{.mark}             [\$ 0.0712]{.mark}   [\$12.98]{.mark}

  [15]{.mark}             [\$ 0.0728]{.mark}   [\$13.26]{.mark}

  [16]{.mark}             [\$ 0.0744]{.mark}   [\$13.56]{.mark}

  [17]{.mark}             [\$ 0.0760]{.mark}   [\$13.85]{.mark}

  [18]{.mark}             [\$ 0.0777]{.mark}   [\$14.16]{.mark}

  [19]{.mark}             [\$ 0.0794]{.mark}   [\$14.47]{.mark}

  [20]{.mark}             [\$ 0.0811]{.mark}   [\$14.79]{.mark}
  ----------------------- -------------------- --------------------------

### 3.3.6 The proposed annual savings for this energy conservation measure for performance period and cost savings for year 1 are Summarize information in Table 11.  {#the-proposed-annual-savings-for-this-energy-conservation-measure-for-performance-period-and-cost-savings-for-year-1-are-summarize-information-in-table-11. .unnumbered}

## 3.4 Operations and Maintenance and Other Cost Savings {#operations-and-maintenance-and-other-cost-savings .unnumbered}

### 3.4.1 [O&M cost savings will result from the replacement of the chillers. The savings will be due to reduced replacement parts, specifically refrigerant R-11. The existing chillers all have small leaks in the evaporator bundles, which have made quarterly refrigerant recharges mandatory for the last 3 years. Refrigerant purchase data from the site from the last two years was reviewed to determine actual costs. The historical costs and analysis are presented in Table 10. The total baseline costs that will be offset by the installation for the new chillers averaged \$2,315 per year.]{.mark} {#om-cost-savings-will-result-from-the-replacement-of-the-chillers.-the-savings-will-be-due-to-reduced-replacement-parts-specifically-refrigerant-r-11.-the-existing-chillers-all-have-small-leaks-in-the-evaporator-bundles-which-have-made-quarterly-refrigerant-recharges-mandatory-for-the-last-3-years.-refrigerant-purchase-data-from-the-site-from-the-last-two-years-was-reviewed-to-determine-actual-costs.-the-historical-costs-and-analysis-are-presented-in-table-10.-the-total-baseline-costs-that-will-be-offset-by-the-installation-for-the-new-chillers-averaged-2315-per-year. .unnumbered}

[Table 10]{.mark} : Baseline Chiller Refrigerant Costs

+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| Date                          | Amount Purchased (Lbs) | Cost        |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| 1/12/04                       | 150                    | \$ 922.50   |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| 6/6/05                        | 150                    | \$ 934.75   |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| 1/6/05                        | 100                    | \$ 622.00   |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| 3/31/05                       | 100                    | \$ 622.00   |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| 7/1/05                        | 100                    | \$ 675.00   |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| 12/15/05                      | 100                    | \$ 675.00   |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| 3/22/06                       | 100                    | \$ 688.00   |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| 6/6/06                        | 100                    | \$ 688.00   |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| Total Purchased:              | 900                    | \$5,827.25  |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| Amount remaining (7/30/06):   | 150                    | \$ 971.21   |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| Total Used:                   | 750                    | \$4,856.04  |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
|                               |                        |             |
|                               |                        |             |
|                               |                        |             |
|                               |                        |             |
|                               |                        |             |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| Average Cost / LB:            | \$ 6.47                |             |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| Number of Months:             | 28                     |             |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| Ave. Cost per Month           | \$ 173.43              |             |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| Cost per year:                | \$ 2,081.16            |             |
+-------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+

Annual O&M savings adjustment factors will be calculated at a rate of
[2.2%]{.mark} per year, as detailed in the Whole Project Data / Global
Assumptions section of this M&V plan.

3.4.2 No other cost savings will be generated by this measure.

## 3.5 Proposed Annual Savings For ECM {#proposed-annual-savings-for-ecm .unnumbered}

\[Include all applicable fuels / commodities for project, e.g., electric
energy, electric demand, natural gas, fuel oil, coal, water, etc.\]

Table 11 : Proposed Annual Savings for ECM

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td> </td>
<td>Total energy use (MBtu/yr)</td>
<td>Electric energy use (kWh/yr)</td>
<td>Electric energy cost, Year 1 ($/yr)</td>
<td>Electric demand* (kW/yr)</td>
<td>Electric demand cost, Year 1 ($/yr)</td>
<td>Natural gas use (MBtu/yr)*</td>
<td>Natural gas cost, Year 1 ($/yr)</td>
<td>Water use (gallons/yr)</td>
<td>Water cost, Year 1 ($/yr)</td>
<td>Other energy use (MBtu/yr)</td>
<td>Other energy cost, Year 1 ($/yr)</td>
<td>Other energy-related O&amp;M costs, Year 1 ($/yr)</td>
<td>Total costs, Year 1 ($/yr)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><mark>Baseline use</mark></td>
<td><mark>2,947</mark></td>
<td><mark>863,531</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ 46,333</mark></td>
<td><mark>2,931</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ 28,668</mark></td>
<td><mark>0</mark></td>
<td><mark>$-</mark></td>
<td><mark>0</mark></td>
<td><mark>$-</mark></td>
<td><mark>0</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ 2,081</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ -</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ 77,082</mark></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><mark>Post-installation use</mark></td>
<td><mark>1,880</mark></td>
<td><mark>550,977</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ 29,563</mark></td>
<td><mark>1,870</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ 18,292</mark></td>
<td><mark>0</mark></td>
<td><mark>$-</mark></td>
<td><mark>0</mark></td>
<td><mark>$-</mark></td>
<td><mark>0</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ -</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ -</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ 47,854</mark></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><mark>Savings</mark></td>
<td><mark>1,067</mark></td>
<td><mark>312,554</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ 16,770</mark></td>
<td><mark>1,061</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ 10,376</mark></td>
<td><mark>-</mark></td>
<td><mark>$-</mark></td>
<td><mark>-</mark></td>
<td><mark>$-</mark></td>
<td><mark>-</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ 2,081</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ -</mark></td>
<td><mark>$ 29,228</mark></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><mark></mark></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="13"><h4 id="notes" class="unnumbered"><u>Notes</u></h4>
<p>*Annual electric demand savings (kW/yr) is the sum of the monthly
demand savings.</p>
<h4 id="mbtu-106-btu." class="unnumbered">MBtu = 10<sup>6</sup>
Btu.</h4>
<p>If energy is reported in units other than MBtu, provide a conversion
factor to MBtu for link to delivery order schedules (e.g., 0.003413
MBtu/kWh).</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

## 3.6 Post-Installation M&V Activities {#post-installation-mv-activities .unnumbered}

3.6.1 The intent of the post-installation verification activities is to
verify the ECM has been installed as intended, and has the capacity to
generate the expected savings. This will be confirmed by developing
post-installation performance models of the chillers using measured
chiller performance, and then using those models to calculate expected
energy savings.

Included in the report will be a summary of the specifications for the
installed equipment as well as an inventory of installed control
sensors, including their measurement accuracy and confirmation of
calibration. The Post-Installation report will follow IDIQ requirements.
A separate commissioning report including factory test results for the
new chillers will also be submitted.

### 3.6.2 The key variables affecting post-installation energy use are total cooling load, chiller staging, chilled water temperature, condenser water temperature, chilled water flow rate, condenser water flow rate, rated capacity and efficiency of new chillers.  {#the-key-variables-affecting-post-installation-energy-use-are-total-cooling-load-chiller-staging-chilled-water-temperature-condenser-water-temperature-chilled-water-flow-rate-condenser-water-flow-rate-rated-capacity-and-efficiency-of-new-chillers. .unnumbered}

### 3.6.3 The key system performance factors that characterize the post-installation conditions are total cooling load, chilled water temperature, chilled water flow rate, condenser water flow rate, condenser water temperature, actual chiller efficiencies. {#the-key-system-performance-factors-that-characterize-the-post-installation-conditions-are-total-cooling-load-chilled-water-temperature-chilled-water-flow-rate-condenser-water-flow-rate-condenser-water-temperature-actual-chiller-efficiencies. .unnumbered}

### 3.6.4 Requirements for government witnessing of post-installation measurements are the same as the whole project data requirements included in Whole Project Data / Global Assumptions section of this M&V plan. {#requirements-for-government-witnessing-of-post-installation-measurements-are-the-same-as-the-whole-project-data-requirements-included-in-whole-project-data-global-assumptions-section-of-this-mv-plan. .unnumbered}

3.6.5 Post-installation data collection for M&V purposes will focus on
modeling the performance of the new chillers and confirming expected
energy and demand savings. Commissioning activities will be conducted
and are reported separately.

The EMCS system will be used to collect post-installation data, as all
necessary instrumentaion will have been installed with the new chillers.
Prior to collecting any data for the post-installation report, all
related sensors will be field calibrated. Equipment to be field
calibrated each year is listed in Table 14.

Table 12 : Summary of Annual EMCS Calibration Requirements

  ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- -------------------- -------------------
  **[Data           **[EMCS Collection **[Make /         **[Measurement       **[Calibration
  Point]{.mark}**   Device]{.mark}**   Model]{.mark}**   Accuracy]{.mark}**   Device]{.mark}**

  Chilled Water     []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [Fluke Thermocouple
  Supply                                                                      Thermometer
  temperature                                                                 51/51II]{.mark}

  Chilled Water     []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [Fluke Thermocouple
  return                                                                      Thermometer
  temperature                                                                 51/51II]{.mark}

  Condenser water   []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [Fluke Thermocouple
  supply                                                                      Thermometer
  temperature                                                                 51/51II]{.mark}

  Condenser water   []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [Fluke Thermocouple
  return                                                                      Thermometer
  temperature                                                                 51/51II]{.mark}

  Chilled water     [IN-line flow      []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [?]{.mark}
  flow rate         meter]{.mark}                                             

  Chiller kW        []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [Fluke 40]{.mark}

  Outdoor Air       []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [Fluke Thermocouple
  Temperature                                                                 Thermometer
                                                                              51/51II]{.mark}

  Outdoor Air       []{.mark}          []{.mark}         []{.mark}            [?]{.mark}
  Wet-bulb                                                                    
  Temperature                                                                 
  ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- -------------------- -------------------

Coincident 15-minute performance data, similar to what was collected in
the baseline will be collected for a period of two-weeks after
commissioning is completed, including sensor calibrations. An example
data collection format is shown below.

Table 13 : Example Post-Installation Data Collection Format

![](media/image6.wmf){width="6.646527777777778in"
height="0.5722222222222222in"}

### 3.6.6 The chiller performance models were developed for each chiller using the metered data and applied to the same component based model used in the baseline: {#the-chiller-performance-models-were-developed-for-each-chiller-using-the-metered-data-and-applied-to-the-same-component-based-model-used-in-the-baseline .unnumbered}

**Equation 6:**

**[Power = A~0~ + A~1~\*T~CHW~ + A~2~\*T~CHW~^2^ + A~3~\*T~CW~ +
A~4~\*T~CW~^2^ + A~5~\*PLR + A~6~\*PLR^2^ + A~7~\*T~CHW~\*T~CW~ +
A~8~\*T~CHW~\*PLR + A~9~\*T~CW~\*PLR]{.mark}**

Metered data will be used along with equipment nameplate data to
determine the coefficients A~0~ through A~9~ for the new chillers,
following the same procedures used in the baseline.

Once validated, the models of the new chiller will be used to calculate
expected energy and demand use of the new system. The updated models
will be applied to the stipulated load profile that is based on TMY data
to calculate expected savings for the first performance year.

## 3.7 Performance Period Verification Activities {#performance-period-verification-activities .unnumbered}

3.7.1 The key variables affecting post-installation energy use are total
cooling load, chiller staging, chilled water temperature, condenser
water temperature, chilled water flows, condenser water flows, and the
actual efficiency of the chillers. The values used for these parameters
in the energy calculations are estimated from measured baseline
conditions and new equipment performance data.

3.7.2 The key system performance factors that characterize the
performance period conditions are total cooling load, chilled water
temperature, chilled water flow rate, condenser water flow rate,
condenser water temperature, and actual chiller efficiencies.

### 3.7.3 The intent of performance period verification activities is to verify the new chillers are performing properly by comparing the measured performance to the expected performance. Validated performance models based on actual measured chiller performance will be used to calculate energy savings. For informational purposes only, the total monthly ton-hours measured during the performance period will be reported and compared to the stipulated cooling loads. {#the-intent-of-performance-period-verification-activities-is-to-verify-the-new-chillers-are-performing-properly-by-comparing-the-measured-performance-to-the-expected-performance.-validated-performance-models-based-on-actual-measured-chiller-performance-will-be-used-to-calculate-energy-savings.-for-informational-purposes-only-the-total-monthly-ton-hours-measured-during-the-performance-period-will-be-reported-and-compared-to-the-stipulated-cooling-loads. .unnumbered}

### 3.7.4 Field calibration and performance testing of the chillers will occur the last two weeks in August. The annual performance report will be submitted by [September 15]{.mark} each year. {#field-calibration-and-performance-testing-of-the-chillers-will-occur-the-last-two-weeks-in-august.-the-annual-performance-report-will-be-submitted-by-september-15-each-year. .unnumbered}

### 3.7.5 Requirements for government witnessing of performance period measurements are the same as specified in Whole Project Data / Global Assumptions section of this M&V plan. The annual report will include certification of the data by an appropriate Agency representative. {#requirements-for-government-witnessing-of-performance-period-measurements-are-the-same-as-specified-in-whole-project-data-global-assumptions-section-of-this-mv-plan.-the-annual-report-will-include-certification-of-the-data-by-an-appropriate-agency-representative. .unnumbered}

### 3.7.6 The EMCS system will be used to collect performance period data, as all necessary instrumentaion has been installed with the new chillers. Prior to collecting any data for the annual performance report, all related sensors will be field calibrated. Equipment to be calibrated each year is listed in Table 14.  {#the-emcs-system-will-be-used-to-collect-performance-period-data-as-all-necessary-instrumentaion-has-been-installed-with-the-new-chillers.-prior-to-collecting-any-data-for-the-annual-performance-report-all-related-sensors-will-be-field-calibrated.-equipment-to-be-calibrated-each-year-is-listed-in-table-14. .unnumbered}

Table 14 : Summary of Annual EMCS Calibration Requirements

  ------------- ------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
  **Data        **EMCS        **Make /        **Measurement   **Calibration
  Point**       Collection    Model**         Accuracy**      Device**
                Device**                                      

  Chilled Water Resistance                    \+ / - 0.1ºF    Fluke
  Supply        temperature                                   Thermocouple
  temperature   detectors                                     Thermometer
                (RTDs)                                        51/51II

  Chilled Water                                               Fluke
  return                                                      Thermocouple
  temperature                                                 Thermometer
                                                              51/51II

  Condenser                                                   Fluke
  water supply                                                Thermocouple
  temperature                                                 Thermometer
                                                              51/51II

  Condenser                                                   Fluke
  water return                                                Thermocouple
  temperature                                                 Thermometer
                                                              51/51II

  Chilled water In-line                                       ?
  flow rate     turbine flow                                  
                meter                                         

  Chiller kW    True RMS      ELITEpro™       \+ / - 1%       Fluke 40 Power
                Power Meter   Recording                       Quality
                              Poly-Phase                      Analyzer
                              Power Meter                     

  Outdoor Air                                                 Fluke
  Temperature                                                 Thermocouple
                                                              Thermometer
                                                              51/51II

  Outdoor Air                                                 ?
  Wet-bulb                                                    
  Temperature                                                 
  ------------- ------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------

Coincident 15-minute performance data, similar to what was collected in
the baseline will be collected for a period of two-weeks after sensor
calibration has been completed. An example data collection format is
shown below.

Table 15 : Example Post-Installation Data Collection Format

![](media/image6.wmf){width="6.646527777777778in"
height="0.5722222222222222in"}

7.  After the first year, the post-installation chiller models shall be
    validated to confirm their continued accuracy by comparing the kW
    predicted by the model to measured kW from each chiller.

    [Model Validation Procedures]{.underline}

    Data points that will be excluded from this analysis include all
    measurements within 30 minutes of a chiller start, and any
    measurements taken after a chiller has been disabled. If the
    measured kW values are within.....state validation criteria here -
    IPMVP presents SE (standard error), coefficient of variation
    Cv(RMSE), and means bias error (MBE).

    If the models are still valid, they will be re-used to calculate
    savings. If any model is not still valid, metered data from that
    performance period will be used to develop an updated model
    following the baseline and post-installation procedures. The updated
    model will be applied to the stipulated load profile that is based
    on TMY data to calculate savings for that performance period.

### 3.7.8 The Agency is responsible for preventive maintenance, repair, and replacement. A part of this responsibility requires the Agency track and report all related activities conducted each performance year. Since the ESCo is responsible for equipment performance, they must be sure that all operations and maintenance activities are suitable and sufficient.  {#the-agency-is-responsible-for-preventive-maintenance-repair-and-replacement.-a-part-of-this-responsibility-requires-the-agency-track-and-report-all-related-activities-conducted-each-performance-year.-since-the-esco-is-responsible-for-equipment-performance-they-must-be-sure-that-all-operations-and-maintenance-activities-are-suitable-and-sufficient. .unnumbered}

-   Detail verification activities and reporting responsibilities of
    government and ESCO on operations, preventive maintenance, repair,
    and replacement items.

-   Annual maintenance reports from the Agency will be submitted to the
    ESCo by August 1 of each year. The maintenance reports shall
    document the completion of all required preventative maintenance as
    defined on the O&M manuals and summarized below. The ESCo will
    report in the annual report on the adequacy of the chiller
    maintenance performed.

Table 16 : Summary of Required Chiller Maintenance Items and Frequency

  ------------------------ ------------------------- -------------------- --------------------
  **[Quarterly Operation &                           **[Organization      **[Frequency
  Maintenance Tasks for                              responsible\         Required]{.mark}**
  Chillers]{.mark}**                                 for the              
                                                     activity]{.mark}**   

  [Check vane control      [Check settings per       [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 3
  settings]{.mark}         manufacturer's                                 months]{.mark}
                           specifications]{.mark}                         

  [Verify motor load limit [Check settings per       [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 3
  control]{.mark}          manufacturer's                                 months]{.mark}
                           specifications]{.mark}                         

  [Verify load balance     [Check settings per       [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 3
  operation]{.mark}        manufacturer's                                 months]{.mark}
                           specifications]{.mark}                         

  [Check chilled water     [Check settings per       [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 3
  reset settings and       manufacturer's                                 months]{.mark}
  function]{.mark}         specifications]{.mark}                         

  **[Annual Operation &                              []{.mark}            []{.mark}
  Maintenance Tasks for                                                   
  Chillers]{.mark}**                                                      

  [Check chiller lockout   [Check settings per       [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 12
  setpoint]{.mark}         manufacturer's                                 months]{.mark}
                           specifications]{.mark}                         

  [Clean condenser         [Clean tubes at least     [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 12
  tubes]{.mark}            annually as part of                            months]{.mark}
                           shutdown                                       
                           procedure]{.mark}                              

  [Eddy current test       [As required, conduct     [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 12
  condenser tubes]{.mark}  eddy current test to                           months]{.mark}
                           assess tube wall                               
                           thickness]{.mark}                              

  [Clean evaporator        [Clean tubes at least     [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 12
  tubes]{.mark}            annually as part of                            months]{.mark}
                           shutdown                                       
                           procedure]{.mark}                              

  [Eddy current test       [As required, conduct     [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 12
  evaporator tubes]{.mark} eddy current test to                           months]{.mark}
                           assess tube wall                               
                           thickness]{.mark}                              

  [Compressor motor and    [• Check all alignments   [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 12
  assembly]{.mark}         to specification\                              months]{.mark}
                           • Check all seals,                             
                           provide lubrication where                      
                           necessary]{.mark}                              

  [Compressor oil          [• Conduct analysis on    [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 12
  system]{.mark}           oil and filter\                                months]{.mark}
                           • Change as required\                          
                           • Check oil pump and                           
                           seals\                                         
                           • Check oil heater and                         
                           thermostat\                                    
                           • Check all strainers,                         
                           valves, etc.]{.mark}                           

  [Electrical              [Check all electrical     [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 12
  connections]{.mark}      connections/terminals for                      months]{.mark}
                           contact and                                    
                           tightness]{.mark}                              

  [Water flows]{.mark}     [Assess proper water flow [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 12
                           in evaporator and                              months]{.mark}
                           condenser]{.mark}                              

  [Check refrigerant level [Add refrigerant as       [Agency]{.mark}      [Every 12
  and condition]{.mark}    required. Record amounts                       months]{.mark}
                           and address leakage                            
                           issues.]{.mark}                                
  ------------------------ ------------------------- -------------------- --------------------

# Appendix Materials {#appendix-materials .unnumbered}

Measured baseline chiller data

Documentation of Government Witnessing of Baseline Measurements

Statistical Results for baseline chiller models

[^1]: FEMP M&V Guideline V 2.2 available at
    [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/financing/superespcs_mvresources.html](http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/financing/measguide.html)

[^2]: Based on V1.0 M&V Plan Outline for FEMP Super ESPC projects is
    available at
    <http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/financing/superespcs_mvresources.html>

[^3]: op cit

[^4]: Site - New York Central Park;
    <http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/old_data/nsrdb/tmy2/State.html>

[^5]: Brademuehl, et al, *Methodology Development to Measure In-Situ
    Chiller, Fan, and Pump Performance*, ASHRAE Research Project 827-RP
    March 1996. The temperature dependent model included in this paper
    is not recommended as it is difficult to apply appropriately.

[^6]: Bradford, et al., *First Principles Model for Integrated Cooling
    Systems*, 2000 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings