DA 01-1092

April 30, 2001

**THE FCC\'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR THE**

**2003 WORLD RADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCE PROPOSES PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON
WRC-03 ISSUES**

On April 20, 2001, the World Radiocommunication Conference Advisory
Committee (WRC-03 Advisory Committee) adopted preliminary industry views
on numerous issues that the 2003 World Radiocommunication Conference
(WRC-03) will address. The WRC-03 Advisory Committee was established by
the Commission in January 2001 to assist it in the development of
proposals for WRC-03. To that end, the WRC-03 Advisory Committee has
forwarded the recommendations it has developed since the beginning of
the year to the Commission for consideration. We have attached to this
Public Notice the WRC-03 Advisory Committee's recommendations, which are
in the form of "preliminary views" and one draft recommended proposal.
We appreciate the substantial amount of work that the WRC-03 Advisory
Committee has put into developing its recommendations. This Public
Notice requests comments on all of these preliminary views and
proposals.

Based upon our initial review of the recommendations forwarded to the
Commission, the International Bureau in coordination with other
Commission Bureaus and Offices tentatively concludes that we can
generally support most of the preliminary views and proposals
recommended by the WRC-03 Advisory Committee. We do, however, find the
preliminary views reflected in documents WAC/017, WAC/019, WAC/027,
WAC/033, WAC/038 and WAC/039 to be premature or inconsistent with
current Commission policies. We seek comment on the recommendations that
appear in all of the WRC-03 Advisory Committee documents and on our
initial impressions of which preliminary views we can support.

In addition, the National Telecommunications and Information
Administration (NTIA) has submitted to the Commission preliminary views
that have been developed by the Executive Branch Agencies. We also
request comment on these preliminary views.

The comments provided will assist the FCC in its upcoming consultations
with the U.S. Department of State and NTIA in the development of U.S.
preliminary views. Once agreed by these agencies of the U.S. Government,
preliminary views will be used by U.S. delegations at bilateral,
regional and international meetings to stimulate discussion and to
attempt to achieve common proposals with other countries on these
issues. The proposed preliminary views that are attached to this Public
Notice may evolve in the course of interagency discussions as we
approach WRC-03 and, therefore, do not constitute a final U.S.
Government position on any issue.

The complete text of these preliminary views and proposals is also
available in the FCC\'s Reference Information Center, Room CY-A257, 445
12^th^ Street, SW, Washington, DC 20554 or by accessing the FCC\'s
WRC-03 world wide web site at: http://www.fcc.gov/wrc-03. To comment on
the preliminary views and proposals, please submit an original and one
copy of your comment to Julie Garcia, FCC WRC-03 Director, Federal
Communications Commission, Room 6-B554, 445 12^th^ Street, SW,
Washington, DC 20554. Comments should refer to specific preliminary
views by document number. Parties preferring to e-mail their comments
should address their comments to: wrc03@fcc.gov. The deadline for
comments on the proposed preliminary views is **May 9,** **2001**. It is
necessary that all comments be received by May 9, 2001 in order to allow
us to finalize the U.S. position before commencement of regional WRC-03
preparatory meetings.

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

IWG-1

**DRAFT**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.21:** to consider the progress of the ITU-R
studies concerning the technical and regulatory requirements of
terrestrial wireless interactive multimedia applications, in accordance
with Resolution **737 (WRC-2000)** with a view to facilitating global
harmonization;

**ISSUE:** What if any actions are needed by the ITU-R to facilitate the
development of terrestrial wireless interactive multimedia?

**BACKGROUND:** At WRC-2000, a proposal from several European
administrations indicated a desire to address spectrum for terrestrial
wireless interactive multimedia applications. After much discussion, an
agenda item was developed for WRC-03 to consider progress on the studies
related to this issue. WRC-2000 also adopted Resolution 737, which
invites the ITU-R to: pursue studies to facilitate worldwide spectrum
allocations or identifications for terrestrial wireless interactive
multimedia technologies and applications, review the regulatory means to
facilitate the worldwide harmonization of spectrum for terrestrial
wireless interactive multimedia, and to review service definitions in
the light of convergence of applications, if necessary.

WRC-2000 also decided that any allocation changes or regulatory work on
this issue would be discussed at WRC-06.

Following WRC-2000, CPM-00 (CACE/186) decided to establish Joint Task
Group 1-6-8-9 to address the technical and regulatory requirements of
terrestrial wireless interactive multimedia applications as discussed in
Resolution 737. That group has met once (October 2000, Geneva), agreeing
that its work should be focused on developing the draft CPM Report on
agenda item 1.21 for WRC‑03. Liaison statements asking for comment on
the service, technical and regulatory aspects of terrestrial wireless
interactive multimedia applications were developed for transmittal to
the ITU-R groups working on related issues. Liaison statements are not
due back to JTG 1-6-8-9 until its November 2001 meeting.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:** WRC-2003 will consider the progress of ITU-R
studies in response to agenda item 1.21, in order to fashion an
appropriate agenda item for WRC-2006 related to spectrum and associated
regulatory issues for terrestrial wireless interactive multimedia
applications. In light of this ongoing work at the ITU, the U.S. view
will be developed when more information is available from the ITU and
other entities. (April 18, 2001)

IWG-1

**DRAFT**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.22:** to consider progress of ITU-R studies
concerning future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000,
in accordance with Resolution 228 (WRC-2000).

**ISSUE**: To study spectrum requirements and potential frequency ranges
suitable for the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond
IMT-2000, and in what time frame such spectrum would be needed, as well
as ongoing enhancements of IMT-2000 systems and systems beyond IMT-2000.

**BACKGROUND**: WRC-2000 considered issues related to IMT-2000,
resulting in the identification of additional spectrum for the
terrestrial component of IMT-2000 in the Radio Regulations S5.317A and
S5.384A. This spectrum was identified in addition to that identified for
initial IMT-2000 deployment at WARC-92 in footnote S5.388. WRC-2000 also
identified existing global MSS allocations as being available for use by
the satellite component of IMT-2000, in accordance with Resolution 225.

In Resolution 228 (WRC-2000), the ITU-R was invited to continue studies
on overall objectives, applications and technical and operational
implementation for the future development of IMT-2000 and system beyond.
These requirements are to be reviewed by WRC-05/06, taking into
consideration the results of ITU-R studies presented to WRC-03.

ITU-R Working Party 8F continues to work on issues relevant to WRC-03
agenda item 1.22. WP 8F will continue to develop a preliminary draft new
recommendation (PDNR) on the vision and objectives for the ongoing
enhancement of IMT-2000 and of systems beyond IMT-2000. The structure of
the Vision PDNR has been agreed to, but the text and substance will be
developed during the fifth (June 27-July 3, 2001, Stockholm), sixth
(October 10-16, 2001, Tokyo) and seventh meetings (February 27-March 5,
2002, New Zealand). The Vision PDNR is expected to be approved by WP 8F
at the eighth meeting (May 29-June 4, 2002, Canada), and will contain
information essential for the future development of U.S. positions on
agenda item 1.22. In addition, 8F is charged with developing CPM text
for this agenda item. The Spectrum WG has developed a draft framework
for the item, and the CPM text is scheduled to be approved by 8F at the
New Zealand meeting in February 2002.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW**: WRC-2003 will consider the progress of ITU-R
studies in response to agenda item 1.22, in order to fashion an
appropriate agenda item for WRC-2006 related to spectrum and associated
regulatory issues concerning the future development of IMT-2000 and
systems beyond IMT-2000. In light of this ongoing work at the ITU, and
by other entities, the U.S. view will be developed when results are
available from the ITU and other entities. (April 18, 2001)

IWG-1

**DRAFT**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.33:** to review and revise technical,
operational and regulatory provisions, including provisional limits in
relation to the operation of high altitude platform stations within
IMT-2000 in the bands referred to in No. S5.388A, in response to
Resolution 221 (WRC-2000);

**ISSUE:** Resolution 221 asks for additional technical, operational and
regulatory studies to be conducted in order to review and, if necessary,
revise the provisional pfd limits. Resolution 221 also asks for
consideration of appropriate regulatory and technical provisions to
allow bilateral coordination of HAPS in IMT-2000 systems with affected
neighboring administrations.

**BACKGROUND:** In footnote S5.388A, WRC-2000 authorized the use of HAPS
as base stations to provide International Mobile Telecommunications-2000
(IMT-2000), in accordance with Resolution 221. In Regions 1 and 3, the
bands 1 885-1 980 MHz, 2 010-2 025 MHz and 2 110-2 170 MHz and, in
Region 2, the bands 1 885-1 980 and 2 110-2 160 MHz may be used by high
altitude platform stations. The use of HAPS as base stations within the
terrestrial component of IMT-2000 is optional for administrations and
does not preclude the use of these bands by any station in the services
to which they are allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio
Regulations. Resolution 221 from WRC-2000 resolves that HAPS shall not
exceed provisional co-channel power flux-density limits to protect
IMT-2000 stations in neighboring countries and out-of-band power
flux-density limits to protect fixed stations. Canada is currently
conducting a study to determine the compatibility of HAPS within
IMT-2000 with MMDS in the 2150-2160 MHz band in Region 2. Therefore, the
impact of the provisional limits on the operation of MMDS systems is not
clear at this time.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:**

Depending upon the results of the ITU-R studies, new procedures and/or
revisions to the provisional PFD limits may need to be incorporated in
the Radio Regulations to allow for the coordination, with neighboring
Administrations, of a HAPS platform operating as a base station. (April
18th, 2001)

**Document IWG-2/009**

**Author: D. Weinreich**

**17 April 2001**

**WRC-2003 ADVISORY COMMITTEE**

**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item: 1.4** - to consider the results of studies
related to Resolution **114 (WRC-95)**, dealing with the use of the band
5091-5150 MHz by the fixed satellite service (Earth-to-space) (limited
to non-GSO MSS feeder links), and review the allocation to the
aeronautical radio- navigation service and the fixed satellite service
in the band 5091-5150 MHz;

**ISSUES:** WRC-2003 will review the results of studies on the technical
and operational issues related to sharing of the band 5 091-5 150 MHz
between the aeronautical radionavigation service and the fixed-satellite
service providing feeder links of the non-geostationary mobile-satellite
service (Earth-to-space). Of primary concern is whether or not revisions
are required to the current regulatory provisions (footnotes **S5.444**
and **S5.444A** and Resolution **114 (WRC-95)** and if so, what
revisions? In addition, consideration must be given to the following:
Are there requirements for MLS to use spectrum above 5 091 MHz, if yes,
in what time frame? To what extent have MSS feeder links used spectrum
to-date in the range 5 091-5 150 MHz? Would the MSS feeder links coexist
with ARNS on a secondary basis or is there transition of feeder link use
expected to frequencies above 5 150 MHz? What is the experience with
coordination between the Fixed Satellite Service and microwave landing
system stations and the subsequent operation of FSS stations in the
5091-5150 MHz band?

**BACKGROUND**: As a result of WRC-95, the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS)
was granted co-primary status along with the Aeronautical
Radionavigation Service in the band 5150 -- 5250 MHz for the use of
feeder uplinks for Non-Geostationary Mobile Satellite Service systems
(**RR S5.447A**). In addition, the band 5091-5150 MHz was allocated, on
a co-primary basis, to the FSS for NGSO MSS feeder uplinks under
**S5.444A** and Resolution 114 (WRC-95). Resolution **114 (WRC-95)**
requested ITU-R to study issues concerning sharing between Aeronautical
Radionavigation Service (ARNS) and feeder links to Mobile Satellite
Service (MSS) (Earth-to-space) in the band 5 091-5 150 MHz and to report
results of the studies to WRC-2003. The use of this band by Microwave
Landing Systems (MLS) and MSS feeder links is subject to footnotes
**S5.444** and **S5.444A,** in particular the following conditions
apply:

1)  prior to 1 January 2010, the use of the band 5 091-5 150 MHz by
    feeder links of non-geostationary-satellite systems in the
    mobile-satellite service shall be made in accordance with
    **Resolution 114 (WRC-95)**;

2)  prior to 1 January 2010, the requirements of existing and planned
    international standard systems for the ARNS which cannot be met in
    the 5 000-5 091 MHz band, shall take precedence over other uses of
    this band;

3)  after 1 January 2008, no new assignments shall be made to stations
    providing feeder links of non-geostationary mobile-satellite
    systems;

4)  after 1 January 2010, the fixed-satellite service will become
    secondary to the ARNS.

In fulfillment of this allocation, three NGSO MSS systems announced
plans to operate feeder uplinks in this band. Of the three systems
planning use of this band, two systems have implemented spacecraft
Tracking and Control operations and one system has begun commercial
service using the 5091-5250 MHz band for transmitting communications
traffic from Gateway earth stations to the NGSO spacecraft.

Sharing studies between NGSO/MSS feeder links and microwave landing
systems resulted in ITU-R Recommendation S.1342 \"Method for determining
coordination distances, in the 5 GHz band, between the international
standard microwave landing system in the aeronautical radionavigation
service and non-geostationary mobile satellite service stations
providing feeder uplink services.\" These studies showed that
compatibility between MLS receivers and MSS feeder links
(Earth-to-space) could exist if sufficient geographical separation
exists between the two stations. As a result, Recommendation S.1342 was
adopted to trigger coordination between the two operators to determine
the acceptability of an MSS site, possibly with or without restrictions.

In the United States and several other countries, coordination of the
gateway station with MLS stations has been accomplished using the
methodology contained in Recommendation ITU-R S.1342.

Spacecraft Command and Control operations began in the 5091-5250 MHz
band with the launch of the first Globalstar (or LEO-D, in ITU-R
terminology) satellite on 14 February 1998. Six gateway stations in
Argentina, Australia, France, Korea, South Africa and the USA also
participated in these Command and Control operations. The ICO (or LEO-F
system in ITU terminology) uses the 5150-5250 MHz band to support launch
and service operations.

Revenue communications service for the LEO-D began on 6 January 2000. In
addition to the gateway earth stations mentioned for Tracking and
Control operations 13 other gateway stations have been added to the
network as of the current date.

It is expected that if the two MSS systems currently operating gateway
stations develop as planned that the number of gateway stations
implemented worldwide will be approximately 65.

As of writing this document, no interference has yet been encountered by
MLS stations. Based upon coordination using the methods contained in
Recommendation ITU-R S.1342 it is expected that this situation will
continue.

ITU-R Working Party 8B is the lead group responsible for developing CPM
text on WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.4. WP 8B is currently studying the use of
the 5091-5150 MHz band by the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service
(ARNS) and the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) for NGSO Mobile Satellite
Service (MSS) feeder uplinks. These studies are expected to conclude no
later than May 2002.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:** Based upon the application of the coordination
procedures in Recommendation ITU-R S.1342 and the operating experience
gained to date, existing microwave landing system (MLS) and NGSO MSS
feeder link stations are able to function without interference. Future
deployment of both MLS and NGSO MSS facilities should be possible
through coordination under ITU-R S.1342. Continued common use of the
5091-5150 MHz band by both MLS and NGSO MSS stations is dependent upon
the extent of future deployment of these systems and the characteristics
of new Aeronautical Radionavigation Service (ARNS) systems, if any.
Further studies are needed to investigate and evaluate the continuing
usage of the 5091-5150 MHz band by the ARNS and the FSS for NGSO MSS
feeder uplinks to determine if changes in the existing Radio Regulations
covering this band are necessary. (17 April 2001)

**Document IWG-2/010**

**Author: D. Weinreich**

**17 April 2001**

**WRC-2003 ADVISORY COMMITTEE**

**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item: 1.6** - to consider regulatory measures to
protect feeder links (Earth-to-space) for the mobile satellite service
which operate in the band 5150-5250 MHz, taking into account the latest
ITU-R Recommendations (for example, Recommendations ITU-R S.1426, ITU-R
S.1427 and ITU- R M.1454);

**ISSUE:** Regulatory measures for the protection of non-GSO MSS Feeder
Uplinks at 5150-5250 MHz potentially including power flux density limits
at the spacecraft altitude, limits on the output powers and constraints
on the deployment of Fixed and Mobile Service transmitters in this band.

**BACKGROUND:** The proliferation of transmitters in the Fixed and
Mobile Services providing applications such as Radio Local Area Networks
(RLANs) and other non-licensed applications presents the threat of
potentially serious interference to the feeder uplinks of non-GSO Mobile
Satellite Service systems, operating in the Fixed Satellite Service.
Regulatory measures must be devised that can effectively protect these
vital links from unacceptable interference.

The band 5150-5250 MHz is allocated on a primary basis to the FSS and
its use is limited to non-GSO MSS feeder links by footnote S5.447A. This
band is also allocated by footnote S5.447 to the mobile service (MS) on
a co-primary basis in 27 countries in Regions 1 and 3 subject to S9.21.
Administrations are currently considering the introduction of Fixed and
Mobile Services in the band 5150-5250 MHz on a national and unlicensed,
uncoordinated basis (see Recommendation ITU-R M.1454).

At WRC-2000, Resolution 1156 called for studies by the ITU-R leading to
technical and operational recommendations to facilitate sharing between
existing services and Fixed and Mobile Services, including RLANs in the
bands 5150-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz. It is anticipated that these
studies will provide assurance that allocation to Fixed and Mobile
Services, in these bands, can co-exist with incumbent non-GSO MSS feeder
links and Aeronautical Radionavigation Service systems.

During the 1998-2000 study period, considerable time and effort was
spent on the development of three ITU-R Recommendations addressing this
topic.

JRG 8A-9B developed Recommendation ITU-R M.1454 entitled \"EIRP Density
Limit and Operational Restrictions for RLANs or Other Wireless Access
Transmitters in order to Ensure the Protection of Feeder Links of
Non-Geostationary Systems in the Mobile Satellite Service in the
Frequency Band 5150-5250 MHz.\" This Recommendation calls for
implementers of wireless access systems to limit the EIRP density of
such transmitters to 10mW in any 1 MHz, operate these transmitters only
indoors and ensure that the aggregate emissions of these transmitters do
not exceed the power flux density limit given in Recommendation ITU-R
S.1426.

Working Party 4A also considered the protection of MSS Feeder Links from
wireless access system emissions and created two Recommendations in
response to these studies. Recommendation ITU-R S.1426, entitled
\"Aggregate Power Flux Density Limits at the FSS Satellite Orbit for
Radio Local Area Network (RLAN) Transmitters Operating in the 5150-5250
MHz Band Sharing Frequencies with the FSS (RR No. S5.447A)\" imposes an
aggregate power flux density limit on Fixed and Mobile Services equal to
--124 --20log~10~(h~sat~/1414) dB(W/MHz/square meter), where h~sat~ is
the altitude of the spacecraft in kilometers. This limit is for the
protection of FSS satellites using full earth coverage receive antenna
beams.

Further, WP 4A created Recommendation ITU-R S.1427, entitled
\"Methodology and Criterion to Assess Interference from Radio Local Area
Network (RLAN) Transmitters to Non-GSO MSS Feeder Links in the Band
5150-5250 MHz.\" This Recommendation specified that interference from
RLAN transmitters should be assessed on the basis of an increase in
T~sat~, the satellite receiver noise temperature, and, to ensure
protection, this increase should be no greater than 3%. A Note to the
Recommendation indicated that the interference absorbed by the satellite
system should not lead to a reduction in capacity of more than 1%.

Unconstrained deployment of Fixed and Mobile Service applications will
cause unacceptable levels of interference into the feeder uplinks of the
non-GSO MSS. Appreciating this fact, WRC-2000 developed agenda item 1.6
for WRC-2003, which calls for the consideration of regulatory measures
to protect the FSS (Earth-to-space) allocation in the band 5150-5250 MHz
from RLAN interference.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:** The establishment of regulatory measures to
protect non-GSO MSS feeder uplinks from unlicensed applications in the
Fixed and Mobile Service allocations is necessary to protect these
feeder links from unacceptable interference. These regulatory measures
could include Radio Regulations which address the emission and
deployment limitations and the power flux density limit at the non-GSO
MSS satellite altitude for transmitters in the Fixed and Mobile
Services. (17 April 2001)

Document IWG-2/006

Author: S. Baruch

April 16, 2001

WRC-2003 ADVISORY COMMITTEE

DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03

WRC-2003 Agenda Item: 1.15 *--* to review the results of studies
concerning the radionavigation-satellite service in accordance with
Resolutions 604 (WRC-2000), 605 (WRC-2000), and 606 (WRC-2000).

**ISSUES:**

**1. Resolution 604:** To determine whether an aggregate pfd value of
--171 dB (W/m^2^) in a 10 MHz bandwidth at any RA observatory site,
which radionavigation satellite service (RNSS) space-to-Earth systems
operating in the band 5010-5030 MHz cannot exceed for more than 2% of
the time in the band 4990-5000 MHz, adequately protects radioastronomy
in the 4990-5000 MHz band from detrimental interference.

**2. Resolution 605:** (a) To ensure the protection of aeronautical
radionavigation service (ARNS), specifically including Distance
Measuring Equipment (DME), from RNSS space-to-Earth transmissions in the
1164-1215 MHz band; and (b) To assess the need for an aggregate power
flux-density limit on RNSS space-to-Earth transmissions, and if such a
need exists to confirm or revise the provisional aggregate power
flux-density limit adopted in **No. S5.328A** of the Radio Regulations.

**3. Resolution 606:** To ensure, through appropriate technical,
operational, and regulatory studies (including the assessment of the
need for a power flux-density limit on new RNSS (space-to-Earth) systems
in the 1215-1300 MHz band), that the RNSS (space-to-Earth) will not
cause harmful interference to the radionavigation and radiolocation
services.

**BACKGROUND:**

1.  Resolution 604:

WRC-2000 introduced new space-to-space and space-to-Earth allocations to
the RNSS in the band 5010-5030 MHz. For use of the band 5010-5030 MHz by
the RNSS (space-to-Earth), in order to protect MLS systems operating
above 5030 MHz, an aggregate pfd value of --124.5 dB (W/m^2^) in a 150
kHz bandwidth by all space stations of the RNSS service in the band
5030-5150 MHz is specified. To protect radioastronomy from detrimental
interference, a provisional aggregate pfd value of --171 dB (W/m^2^) in
a 10 MHz bandwidth at any RA observatory site cannot be exceeded for
more than 2% of the time in the band 4990-5000 MHz. Under Resolution
**604 (WRC-2000)**, the ITU-R is to review the provisional --171 dB
(W/m^2^/10 MHz) pfd limit.

> 2\. Resolution 605:

WRC-2000 introduced new allocations in the band 1164-1215 MHz for use by
the radionavigation-satellite service ("RNSS") (space-to-space) and
(space-to-Earth) with an aggregate provisional pfd of --115 dB (W/m^2^)
in any 1 MHz produced at the Earth's surface by all space stations
within all RNSS systems and for all angles of arrival. It also stated in
No. S5.328A of the Radio Regulations that the provisions of Resolution
605 (WRC-2000) apply. There was extensive discussion at the WRC with
regards to the need for a pfd limit and the value needed to protect ARNS
(including Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)). Resolution 605 requests
the ITU-R to study the technical, operational, and regulatory aspects of
compatibility between RNSS and ARNS in the band 960-1215 MHz, including
an assessment of the need for an aggregate pfd limit and if such need
exists, to revise, if necessary the provisional pfd limit given in No.
S5.328A concerning the operation of RNSS (space-to-Earth) systems in the
frequency band 1164 -- 1215 MHz.

**3. Resolution 606:**

WRC-2000 introduced allocations to the RNSS (space-to-Earth) in the
1260-1300 MHz band, and for RNSS (space-to-space) in the 1215-1300 MHz
band. Where RNSS use of the 1164-1215 MHz band was made subject to a
provisional aggregate pfd limits, RNSS use of the band 1215-1300 MHz
band is the subject of studies to be conducted pursuant to Resolution
**606 (WRC-2000)**. There are large numbers of GPS receivers operating
in the band 1 215 -- 1 260 MHz. The band 1 240 -- 1 300 MHz is also
allocated on a co*-*primary basis to ARNS and to radiolocation for use
of long range primary radar systems. Among other things, Resolution
**606** calls for studies of "the need for a power flux-density limit
concerning the operation of radionavigation-satellite service
(space-to-Earth) systems in the frequency band 1215 -- 1300 MHz in order
to ensure that the radionavigation-satellite service (space-to-Earth)
will not cause harmful interference to the radionavigation and
radiolocation services."

Also in Resolution **606**, WRC-2000 resolved that no additional
constraints are to be placed on RNSS systems operating in the 1215-1260
MHz band. The Global Positioning System (GPS), an RNSS system which
operates on 1227.6 MHz (24 MHz bandwidth), has been in operation in the
band 1215 -- 1260 MHz since 1988. It provides positioning and navigation
services from space. Currently, this signal is used for high precision
GPS in high productivity applications, such as machine guidance in
survey, construction, agriculture, and mining. With an expanding
capability to receive an additional civilian GPS signal, other civilian
and commercial sectors have yet to be explored. The existing signal will
continue to be a low power signal in the 1215 -- 1300 MHz band. This
signal has been transmitted at its current power level for over 12 years
and has not caused any interference to other users of the band. This has
been accomplished without the need for power flux-density limits in the
Radio Regulations. It is anticipated that in the future there will be
requirements to improve upon the signal.

Studies are currently under way in ITU-R Working Party 8D to address
these three resolutions.

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS:**

**1. Resolution 605:**

The United States of America has a strong need both for RNSS spectrum in
the 1164-1215 MHz band and for the protection of DME systems in the
ARNS. It is participating in ITU-R technical and regulatory studies that
are expected to show how DME systems can be protected while not unduly
constraining the aggregate power flux-density emissions of RNSS systems.
Regardless of the mechanism that is used to provide the requisite
protection to DMEs, it is noted that the ITU-R currently does not have a
methodology that can be used to calculate the power flux-density
produced by RNSS systems, along with appropriate regulatory provisions
that ensure that the desired protection is provided effectively without
unnecessarily delaying or hindering the implementation and provision of
RNSS (space-to-Earth) services.

**2. Resolution 606:**

The United States of America is of the view that there is no need for
any power flux-density limit to be imposed in the 1215-1300 MHz band.
RNSS systems have been successfully operating in the lower portion of
the band (1215-1240 MHz) for more than 12 years with no resultant
interference, and the band is not used by DME systems. Even if ITU-R
studies show that radiolocation and/or ARNS systems require protection
from new RNSS systems in the 1215-1240 MHz band or from RNSS
(space-to-Earth) systems in the 1260-1300 MHz band, it will be necessary
to consider means alternative to power flux-density limits for providing
such protection.

(April 16, 2001)

> Document IWG-2/004

Author: A. Renshaw

18 April 2001

DRAFT

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.16: to consider allocations on a worldwide basis
for feeder links in bands around 1.4 GHz to the non-GSO MSS with service
links operating below 1 GHz, taking into account the results of ITU-R
studies conducted in response to Resolution 127 (Rev.WRC-2000), provided
that due recognition is given to the passive services, taking into
account No. S5.340

**ISSUE:** Additional allocations to the non-GSO MSS for feederlinks in
the bands 1390-1393 MHz and 1429-1432 MHz at WRC-03.

**BACKGROUND:** A total of l.525 MHz (space-to-Earth) and l.9 MHz
(Earth-to-space) are presently allocated on a worldwide primary basis to
the MSS below l GHz and 300 kHz (Earth-to-space) is allocated for land
MSS on a worldwide primary basis. These allocations are for both the MSS
service links and feeder links. Since these allocations at WARC-92 and
WRC-95, the Radiocommunication Bureau has identified 25 non-GSO MSS
networks at frequencies below l GHz, at some state of coordination under
 **S9.11A**/Resolution **46 (Rev.WRC‑97)**, and nine non-GSO MSS
networks at the advance publication stage only. However, it appears that
many of the proposed networks cannot be implemented in the existing
allocations because there is not enough spectrum readily available in
the allocated spectrum. Additional feederlink spectrum outside of the
currently allocated bands would provide dedicated feederlink spectrum
and free up existing allocations for scarce service link spectrum.
WRC-97 approved Resolution 127 to study sharing techniques for NVNG MSS
\< 1 GHz feederlinks (Earth-to-space) in the 1390-1400 MHz band, and
space-to-Earth feederlinks in the 1427-1432 MHz band. As a result of the
favorable initial studies in these bands, WRC-00 approved Agenda Item
1.16 to consider allocations at 1390-1393 MHz for uplink feederlinks,
and 1429-1432 MHz for feeder downlinks for the non-GSO MSS service with
the understanding that Resolution 127 studies must be completed
including testing of near-flight hardware to validate the theoretical
studies approved earlier.

Sharing studies completed in the ITU-R under Resolution 127 include a)
out-of-band sharing with the radioastronomy service by meeting
Recommendation RA.769-1 levels of --255 dB (W/m^2^/Hz) for the 1400-1427
MHz band, b) out-of-band sharing with EESS by meeting Recommendation
SA.1029-1 requirements of --171 dBW/27MHz for in-band pfd levels, c)
in-band sharing with the EESS by meeting the time avoidance criteria, d)
sharing with fixed and mobile services on the basis of not exceeding the
pfd levels established for sharing in the adjacent bands of --146
dBW/m^2^/4kHz (since no level had been established for the 1429-1432 MHz
band), and e) sharing with the radiolocation service by equipping the
non-GSO MSS satellites with adequate filtering. In addition to the
above, uplink sharing with the fixed and mobile services can be
accommodated by geographical sharing of the small number of remotely
located feederlink stations.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:** The U.S. supports allocations in the 1390-1393 MHz
and 1429-1432 MHz at WRC-03 for the non-GSO MSS pending completion of
studies under Resolution 127. The proposed allocations are in bands
close to the passive services band at 1400-1427 MHz that must be
protected from out-of-band and spurious emissions. Studies have shown
that interference to radio astronomy and the other passive services can
be avoided using various techniques including low-power transmitter
levels, choice of modulation, symbol shaping, output filtering and band
limiting filters, the use of which can minimize the band separation
necessary to meet the recommended interference threshold levels for
protection of these services. The U.S. expects that the hardware testing
to be completed this year will confirm the theoretical results already
approved by the ITU-R for the protection of the passive services. Other
sharing results will be similarly definitive, and will allow allocation
of these bands at WRC-03. (04/18/01)

**Document IWG-2/011**

**Author: D. Jablonski**

**17 April 2001**

**WRC-2003 ADVISORY COMMITTEE**

**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item: 1.31 -** to consider the additional allocations
to the mobile-satellite service in the 1 -- 3 GHz band, in accordance
with resolutions **226** (**WRC-2000**) and **227** (**WRC-2000**).

**ISSUE** (**Res. 226 only**)**:** Will sharing between aeronautical
mobile telemetry and the Mobile Satellite Service in the band 1518 --
1525 MHz adversely effect flight test operations?

**BACKGROUND** (**Res. 226 only**)**:**

The 1518-1525 MHz band represents a portion of the band 1435-1525 MHz
(known as the "L-band"). The sub-band 1492-1525 MHz is allocated in
Region 2 for MSS. However, the United States has preserved allocation of
the entire band 1435-1525 MHz for flight testing of manned aircraft.
Portions of this band are also in use for flight test telemetry in other
Regions of the world. Res. 226 calls for studies of the potential for
sharing between the Mobile Satellite Service and aeronautical mobile
telemetry (*i.e.*, flight testing).

Because the development of aircraft is increasingly a cooperative
international effort, United States flight test operations may be
affected adversely by possible future changes in the allocation and use
of these bands in other Regions. Concerns include not only
electromagnetic interference issues, but extend to the harmonization of
flight test standards, spectrum, and equipment world-wide. Given the
extraordinary expense of flight test programs, as well as the safety of
life aspects of flight test, these are significant concerns.

The conclusions arrived at during the October 2000 meeting of Working
Party 8D are summarized in the Chairman\'s report, Document 8D/61
Attachment 14. Of interest here are three key points contained in the
Chairman\'s report. First, a consensus has emerged that co-frequency,
co-coverage sharing between flight test and MSS is not practical.
Second, there seem to be no differences in principle with the notion
that flight test operations may routinely be permitted to cause radio
interference to MSS operations. Third, the MSS community has suggested
that the use of highly directed spot beams might allow operation of MSS
systems in close proximity to flight test operations without causing the
latter harmful interference.

As a result of recent studies of the MSS/flight test sharing situation,
the following conclusions and concerns have emerged:

1.  Co-frequency, co-coverage sharing between MSS and Aeronautical
    Flight Test Telemetry is typically not possible.

2.  The definition of what constitutes Co-frequency, co-coverage sharing
    is described by the pfd limits defined in ITU-R Recommendation 1459.

3.  Interference to MSS ground stations by flight test telemetry
    transmitters may occur, and prior coordination to mitigate this may
    not be possible.

4.  Relaxation of the pfd limits specified in Res. 1459 to enable
    sharing is not possible without seriously compromising the flight
    test capabilities of the ground ranges in question.

5.  Interference from and coordination with other interferors may be a
    factor during coordination discussions between flight test operators
    and MSS providers.

6.  The validity of the -138 dBW/m^2^/4kHz pfd level used in earlier
    studies needs to be reaffirmed in light of other data that suggest
    pfd levels 10 - 15 dB higher are more realistic.

7.  The interpretation of idealized antenna ground footprints needs to
    be refined by the addition of satellite orbital data. Specifically,
    proposed orbital positions with respect to flight test sites, and
    maximum lifetime inclination angles of GSO MSS satellites need to be
    considered when analyzing these footprints.

8.  The next generation multi-beam antennas proposed for use at L-band
    will exhibit effects that need to be better understood.

9.  Careful regard must be given to sidelobe, intermodulation, and other
    relevant effects such as out-of-band emissions.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW** (**Res. 226 only**)**:** Based on previous and
ongoing studies, co-frequency, co-coverage sharing between flight test
and MSS is not practical. Second, flight test operations may routinely
need to be permitted to cause radio interference to MSS operations.
Finally, the performance of co-frequency, non-co-coverage MSS satellites
operating at L band remains a topic of concern for flight test
operations. Existing and proposed MSS spot beam antennas exhibit
properties that suggest reallocation of the band 1518 --1525 MHz in
Regions 1 and 3 can have an adverse impact on flight test operations in
the United States. (17 April 2001)

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.8.2:** consideration of the results of studies,
and proposal of any regulatory measures regarding the protection of
passive services from unwanted emissions, in particular from space
service transmissions, in response to *recommends* 5 and 6 of
Recommendation 66 (Rev. WRC-2000)

**Issue:** Determining practical methods for protecting passive services
from unwanted emissions, taking into account the impact on active
services.

**BACKGROUND:** At previous WRCs, attempts have been made to achieve a
balance between the requirements of the passive services and the
requirements of space-based services. However, there is a wide gap
between the levels of interference that are deemed detrimental to the
passive services and the unwanted emission attenuation that can be
achieved by current and projected satellite designs. Recent studies in
the ITU-R have focused on a band-by-band approach to solving the
problem, an approach followed by the United States in ITU-R Task Group
1/7 and its precursor, Task Group 1/5. TG 1/7 is exploring a variety of
solutions, ranging from case-by-case negotiated solutions to limits in
certain bands in the Radio Regulations. Studies are continuing in the
ITU-R but it is expected that ultimately there may still be significant
differences between the passive and space-based services in terms of
what is desired and what is achievable for OOB attenuation.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:** While recognizing the important role that passive
services play in our society, there are fundamental limitations on what
satellite designers can do to mitigate interference into the passive
services. In particular, cost and spacecraft weight, space, other
limitations must be considered in developing the out-of-band or spurious
emission limits for satellites in the FSS. The United States is
committed to ensuring the viability of commercial and Government FSS
systems while protecting the passive services to the greatest extent
practicable.

The United States does not support inclusion of OOB emission masks in
the Radio Regulations. However, the United States did agree to
participate in the development of an ITU-R Recommendation on OOB
emissions. Such a draft new Recommendation on OOB emissions was adopted
by the November 2000 Study Group 1 meeting (ITU-R SG 1 Document 1/33-E,
dated 1 November 2000). The United States supports the use of this
Recommendation as a general OOB emission mask for FSS services. For
satellite systems with a bandwidth greater than 1.25 MHz, it should be
noted that this mask is significantly tighter than the FCC's
longstanding OOB emission rules. The Recommendation also contains
definitions for relevant bandwidths, directions for application of the
mask to multiple carrier operations, and scaling factors for narrowband
and wideband carriers that specify the extent of the OOB domain for
these types of carriers.

While the recommended OOB mask described above will not completely
eliminate interference to the passive services from the FSS, it does
achieve a practical balance between the needs of both passive and
space-based FSS systems. Additional protection of specific passive
service sites, if required, could be handled on a case-by-case basis
through negotiations between the passive service operator and the FSS
system operator or licensee, as has been successfully done in previous
cases.

(April 16, 2001)

Informal Working Group 3 (IWG-3)

WRC-03 Advisory Committee

DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEW

Agenda Item 1.11

**WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.11:** to consider possible extension of the
allocation to MSS (Earth-to-space) on a secondary basis in the band
14-14.5 GHz to permit operation of the aeronautical mobile-satellite
service as stipulated in Resolution **216 (Rev.WRC-2000)**.

**ISSUE:** WRC-03 will consider broadening the secondary MSS allocation
at 14-14.5 to include AMSS should the ITU-R studies under Resolution 216
demonstrate that such use will not cause harmful interference to the
primary services, including FSS, radionavigation, fixed and mobile, and
will be compatible with the current secondary services.

**BACKGROUND:** Land and maritime mobile-satellite service networks have
been successfully operating on a secondary basis in the 14-14.5 band for
a number of years under an existing allocation. Resolution **216**,
originally adopted by WRC-97 and modified by WRC-2000, recognizes that
the existing demand for use on board aircraft of capabilities to provide
broadband two-way communication and data transmission services justifies
consideration of broadening the secondary MSS allocation to include
aeronautical applications. The Resolution invites the ITU-R to complete
in time for WRC-03 technical and operational studies on the feasibility
of sharing of the band 14-14.5 GHz between the fixed-satellite
(Earth-to-space), radionavigation, fixed and mobile (except aeronautical
mobile) services and the aeronautical mobile-satellite service, with the
latter on a secondary basis.

The ITU-R is now in the midst of a substantial work program on this
issue under the lead of Working Party 8D. Working Parties 4A and 9D have
already made significant progress on identifying parameters and
methodologies for analyses, and have conducted initial studies. United
States contributions to Working Parties 7B and 7D will be submitted
soon.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:** The United States was the primary proponent of
agenda item 1.11 and the revision to Resolution 216 at WRC-2000. It
continues to be the main proponent of the AMSS agenda item in the ITU-R,
including Working Parties 8D, 4A, 9D, 7B, and 7D.

The U.S. supports the broadening of the secondary MSS allocation at
14-14.5 GHz to include AMSS, provided that the ITU-R studies indicate
that this service can operate without causing harmful interference to
the primary services in the band and that the service will be compatible
with existing secondary uses.

(04.11.01)

IWG-3 DRAFT

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.19**: to consider regulatory provisions to
avoid misapplication of the non-GSO FSS single-entry limits in Article
S22 based on the results of ITU-R studies carried out in accordance with
Resolution 135 (WRC-2000);

**ISSUE**: Avoiding misapplication of non-GSO FSS single-entry limits
(e.g., through artificially splitting or combining of non-GSO FSS
systems).

**BACKGROUND**: WRC-2000 established single-entry equivalent power flux
density (epfd) limits for non-GSO FSS systems in certain frequency bands
in Article S22. The epfd limits are the sum of the power flux densities
produced at a GSO receive station by the emissions from all the transmit
stations within a non-GSO FSS system. The purpose of this item is to
conduct technical studies and to consider regulatory procedures in
accordance with Resolution 135 \[COM5/2\] (WRC-2000) to ensure that
there will not be any misapplication of limits in Tables S22-1 (epfd),
S22-2 (epfd) and S22-3 (epfd~is~) either by artificial splitting or by
combining of non-GSO systems.

> Misapplication of these limits, including artificial splitting or
> combining of non-GSO FSS systems, could:

a)  cause excess interference into GSO networks;

b)  reduce the number of non-GSO FSS systems that could be implemented
    > in an allocated frequency band;

c)  affect the regulatory requirements for a non-GSO FSS system in the
    > ITU coordination notification process; and

d)  affect non-GSO FSS systems that meet the single-entry limits in
    > Article S22.

Resolution 135 (WRC-2000) invites the ITU-R to conduct technical studies
and develop regulatory procedures, in time for consideration by
WRC-2003, to avoid misapplication of the single-entry limits included in
Tables S22-1, S22-2 and S22-3 of Article 22. This issue was also
identified in the CPM report of WRC-2000 in Section 3.1.2.4.10, where it
is noted that any misapplication of single-entry limits would invalidate
the entire basis of the derivation of these limits.

Further, Resolution 135 instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication
Bureau to review and, if appropriate, revise as of the end of WRC-2003,
any finding previously made in respect of compliance with the limits
contained in Article S22 for a non-GSO FSS system, for which
notification information has been received on or after 22 November 1997.
The Bureau's review and revision of findings is to be based on the
studies undertaken by the ITU-R pursuant to Resolution 135 after
WRC-2000.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:**

1.  It is in the interest of all administrations to avoid any
    misapplication of the single-entry epfd limits. Misapplication could
    distort the regulatory or interference situation by violating the
    assumptions upon which the single-entry epfd limits were based and
    adversely impact the GSO FSS and BSS networks to be protected.

2.  Misapplication could artificially increase the number of non-GSO FSS
    systems, and thereby increase the interference to GSO networks over
    the levels agreed at WRC-2000; it could artificially reduce the
    number of competing non-GSO FSS systems by making coordination
    between non-GSO systems more difficult.

3.  The U.S. continues to participate in the studies within the ITU-R
    and is reviewing the need for the ITU-R to adopt regulatory
    procedures to avoid misapplication of the single-entry limits.

(04.12.01)

IWG-3/006(04.13.01)

**Informal Working Group 3 (IWG-3)**

**Preparation for WRC-03**

**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.27**: to review, in accordance with Resolutions
**540 (WRC‑2000)** and **735 (WRC-2000)**, the ITU‑R studies requested
in those resolutions, and modify, as appropriate, the relevant
regulatory procedures and associated sharing criteria contained in
Appendices **S30** and **S30A** and in the associated provisions;

**ISSUE**: Res 540: Technical criteria and regulatory procedures
associated with Appendices S30/S30A (BSS and Feederlink Plans). Res.
735: regulatory, operational and technical studies in the bands
allocated to the BSS and the FSS (Earth-to-space) or terrestrial
services with respect to S9.19.

**BACKGROUND:**

WRC-00 adopted a new Regions 1 and 3 BSS 12 GHz Plan and associated
feederlink Plan, based on updated technical parameters. In addition
regulatory and technical procedures for a new Regions 1 and 3 List were
developed for the use of non-standard BSS parameters instead of allowing
modifications to the Regions 1 and 3 Plan.

WRC-00 also adopted new sharing criteria between some of the primary
allocated services in the Appendix S30 and S30A Plans.

Resolution 540 calls for the ITU-R to review:

-   Changes made to regulatory procedures contained in Articles 4 -- 7
    of Appendices S30 and S30A as well as related modifications made to
    Articles S9 and S11 and Appendix S5;

-   Certain sharing criteria contained in parts of Annexes 1, 3, 4 and 6
    of Appendix S30 and, Annexes 1 and 4 of Appendix S30A;

-   The limitations of Section A3 of Annex 7 of Appendix S30 in the
    context of any changes made to the sharing criteria discussed above.

Resolution 735 (WRC-2000) calls for studies of sharing procedures and
criteria between receiving earth stations in the broadcasting--satellite
service and transmitting earth stations or terrestrial stations in
frequency bands allocated to the broadcasting--satellite service and the
fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) or to terrestrial services. The
U.S. also is participating in ITU-R studies to define the permissible
pfd levels required at the edge of coverage of the BSS service area.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:**

**[Resolution 540]{.underline}**

Sharing criteria contained in Annexes 1, 3, 4 and 6 of Appendix S30 and
Annexes 1 and 4 of Appendix S30A, concerning inter-Regional and
inter-Service sharing, need to be reviewed and updated if necessary.
Additionally, regulatory aspects contained in parts of Appendices S30,
S30A and S5 and Articles S9 and S11 need further review for consistency
and completeness. The U.S. will participate in the ITU-R studies on
these matters.

Any changes to the above criteria must ensure protection of existing
U.S. BSS and FSS systems and their ability to evolve in the future. The
U.S. agrees with adopting criteria that eliminates unnecessary
coordination between BSS systems and between BSS and FSS systems, while
still protecting the Region 2 services.

The U.S. is of the view that the new pfd levels adopted at WRC-00 for
determining whether BSS systems impact terrestrial services do not need
further study, this is consistent with invites ITU-R (1) of Resolution
540.

The US is of the view that the new pfd levels for Section 6 of Annex 1
to Appendix S30 adopted at WRC-00 for inter-regional sharing (Region 2
BSS modifications to protect the Regions 1 and 3 FSS and for Regions 1
and 3 List modifications to protect the Region 2 FSS), currently
contained in Annex 1 to Resolution 540 (WRC-00), are sufficient and
should not be modified. The US supports including these pfd limits in
Section 6 of Annex 1 of Appendix S30.

The U.S. is of the view that Region 2 accepted a relaxation in the
orbital arc limitations of Annex 7 at WRC-00 to allow more BSS
assignments in the Regions 1 and 3 Plan and the List. The U.S. considers
that any further relaxation will unduly impact the ability of Region 2
to fully use their allocation.

The U.S. will review the Bureau's findings on the impact of the Regions
1 and 3 Plan and List assignments on the BSS and other services in
Region 2 when available. The U.S. supports the principle on which the
replan took place that the Region 2 Plan should be protected. (See also
IWG-3/10)

[Resolution 735]{.underline}

Under S9.19 terrestrial stations coordinate with unplanned BSS - the
threshold/condition in APS4 is bandwidth overlap and PFD of the
terrestrial station at the edge of the BSS service area exceeding
permissible levels. The U.S. is of the view that for ubiquitous BSS
receivers, it is not practicable to coordinate on a specific earth
station basis therefore BSS receive earth stations should be protected
on a service area basis consistent with the existing Radio Regulations.

(04.13.01)

IWG-3/007(04.12.01)

**Informal Working Group 3 (IWG-3)**

# Preparation for WRC-03 {#preparation-for-wrc-03 .unnumbered}

**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.29:** to consider the results of studies
related to Resolution **78\[COM5/23\]** (WRC‑2000) dealing with sharing
between non-GSO and GSO systems.

**ISSUES:** Resolution **78 (WRC-2000),** *Development of procedures in
case the operational or additional operational limits in Article S22 are
exceeded*, invites the ITU-R to undertake the appropriate regulatory
studies to develop procedures in cases where the operational epfd limits
in the bands 10.7-12.75 GHz, 17.8-18.6 GHz, and 19.7-20.2 GHz or the
single-entry additional operational epfd limits for 3 and 10 meter
antennas in the 10.7-12.75 GHz band are exceeded at an operational GSO
earth station.

**BACKGROUND:** Resolution **78 (WRC-2000),** WRC-2000 adopted a
combination of single-entry validation, operational and, for 3 and 10
meter antennas in the 10.7-12.75 GHz band, single-entry additional
operational epfd limits contained in Article S22, along with the
aggregate epfd limits in Resolution 76 (WRC-2000), which apply to
non-GSO FSS systems to protect GSO networks in the bands 10.7-12.75 GHz,
17.8-18.6 GHz, and 19.7-20.2 GHz. The operational epfd limits were
adopted to protect *operational* GSO FSS networks from interference
levels that may result in loss of synchronization, or loss of capacity,
or severe degradation in performance.

Compliance with the operational epfd and additional operational epfd
limits is not subject to verification by the ITU-BR but by individual
administrations. In the case of operational epfd limits, verification
would be made by measurement conducted by administrations and/or their
GSO system operators. A commitment by the administration (and their
non-GSO operator) that the system filed will meet the additional
operational epfd limits is part of the Appendix **S4** coordination
data. A non-GSO system causing interference must reduce its epfd power
levels towards the affected GSO earth station to meet the single-entry
operational epfd limits unless otherwise agreed by the concerned
administrations. The ITU-R has identified the need for specific
procedures that correct in the most expeditious manner any cases where
the operational epfd (see Tables **S22-4A** through **S22-4C**) or
additional operational epfd limits (see Table **S22-4A1**) are exceeded,
by the inclusion of appropriate procedures in the Radio Regulations.

The U.S. supports the development of ITU-R recommendations such as the
preliminary draft new recommendation concerning Methodologies for
measuring epfd interference levels from a non-GSO space station to
verify compliance with operational epfd limits (WP 4A Chairman's Report
4A/93, TEMP/42), preliminary draft new recommendation on estimating the
accuracy of the epfd measurements (WP 4A Chairman's Report 4A/93,
TEMP/28) and the draft new recommendation concerning Procedure for the
identification of non-GSO satellites causing interference into an
operating GSO earth station approved during the September 2000 WP 4A
meeting. These recommendations provide the methodologies needed by
administrations and/or their GSO system operators to assess operational
epfd levels and were requested in resolves 1 of Resolution **137**
(WRC-2000).

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:** Resolution **78 (WRC-2000),**

Because compliance with the operational epfd and additional operational
epfd limits is not subject to verification by the ITU-BR but by
individual administrations, and , there is a need for a procedure to
apply when there is a case that the Article S22 limits are exceeded, to
assist administrations in ensuring that the operational GSO/FSS networks
are properly protected for those cases where unforeseen operational
non-GSO systems exceed the operational limits.

Exceedance of the operational limits may cause severe degradation to GSO
terminals in the form of synchronization loss or loss of capacity. In
order to expeditiously resolve cases where the operational limits are
exceeded, the procedure outlined in Annex 1 of Resolution **78** should
be followed. The US preference is to develop a procedure in accordance
with Annex 1 of Resolution **78**, and place this procedure in Article
**S15** of the Radio Regulations.

(04.12.01)

Document IWG-3/008 (04.11.01)

WRC-2003 ADVISORY COMMITTEE

DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03

*WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.29 --* to consider the results of studies
related to Resolutions 136 \[COM5/3\] (WRC‑2000) and 78 \[COM5/23\]
(WRC‑2000) dealing with sharing between non-GSO and GSO systems

**ISSUE (Res. 136)**: Frequency sharing in the range 37.5-50.2 GHz
between GSO and non-GSO FSS networks.

**BACKGROUND (Res. 136)**: Both GSO FSS and non-GSO FSS systems are
planned for operation within the 37.5-42.5 GHz and 47.2-50.2 GHz bands.
FSS systems based on the use of new technologies associated with both
geostationary and non-geostationary orbits are capable of providing the
most isolated regions of the world with high capacity and low-cost means
of communications. WRC-2000 took several steps toward harmonized use of
the band 37.5-42.5 GHz by fixed and space services. The band 37.5-42.5
GHz is now allocated to the FSS (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis in
all three ITU Regions.

WRC-2000 adopted, in Article **S21**, power flux-density (pfd) limits on
GSO and non-GSO FSS space stations in the bands 37.5-40 GHz and
40.5-42.5 GHz in order to protect terrestrial services. The new limits
are provisional, and are subject to review under Resolution 84
\[COM5/28\] (WRC-2000) at WRC-2003. The pfd limits vary between
different band segments, and between geostationary and non-geostationary
systems within each band segment, and will have to be taken into
consideration when addressing sharing between GSO and non-GSO FSS
systems in those band segments.

Sharing studies between GSO FSS networks and non-GSO FSS systems in the
frequency range 37.5-50.2 GHz are underway taking into account the
significant propagation losses at these frequencies, duration of
interference events, differences in planned earth station antenna sizes,
availability requirements, potential mitigation techniques such as
polarization isolation, and the pfd limits in Article **S21**. Sharing
between GSO FSS and non-GSO FSS systems in this range is currently
regulated under No. **S22.2** of the Radio Regulations, which provides
that "\[n\]on-geostationary-satellite systems shall not cause
unacceptable interfer­ence to geostationary‑satellite systems in the
fixed-satellite service and the broadcasting-satellite service operating
in accordance with these Regulations." 

In Resolution 130 (WRC-97), WRC-97 recognized that "the diverging
interpretations arising from No. **S22.2** result in an ambiguous
regulatory status for both existing and future GSO and non-GSO systems
in the FSS in the bands where this provision applies, with consequential
risks for both types of systems." Because there has been little or no
deployment of satellite systems to date in the band 37.5-50.2 GHz,
WRC-2000 recognized in Resolution 136 (WRC-2000) that both GSO FSS and
non-GSO FSS operators should be expected to exhibit flexibility in
achieving the appropriate balance in the sharing environment, and urged
administrations, in the application of Article **S22** to their GSO and
non-GSO FSS systems in this range prior to WRC-03, to seek balanced
sharing arrangements. Resolution 136 invites the ITU-R to undertake the
appropriate technical, operational, and regulatory studies on sharing
arrangements which achieve an appropriate balance between GSO FSS
networks and non-GSO FSS systems in the 37.5-50.2 GHz frequency range.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW (Res. 136)**:

The U.S. continues to participate in the technical, operational and
regulatory studies on sharing arrangements in order to achieve an
appropriate balance between GSO FSS, non-GSO FSS, space research, and
terrestrial systems in the frequency range 37.5-50.2 GHz.

The development of sharing criteria between GSO and non-GSO FSS systems
in the 37.5-50.2 GHz range should, notwithstanding the current
applicability of No. **S22.2**, be based on a principle of "equitable
burden sharing," to be defined by appropriate ITU-R recommendations,
between these two types of systems. Nevertheless, a
first-come/first-served regime (e.g., **S9.11A**) without appropriate
technical standards is insufficient.

(04.11.01)

#### Document IWG-3/009 {#document-iwg-3009 .unnumbered}

**April 13, 2001**

**Informal Working Group 3 (IWG-3)**

**Preparation for WRC-03**

**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEW**

# Agenda Item 1.34: to review the results of studies in response to Resolution 539 (WRC-2000) concerning threshold values for non-GSO BSS (sound) in the band 2630-2655 MHz and to take action as required. {#agenda-item-1.34-to-review-the-results-of-studies-in-response-to-resolution-539-wrc-2000-concerning-threshold-values-for-non-gso-bss-sound-in-the-band-2630-2655-mhz-and-to-take-action-as-required. .unnumbered}

### Issue {#issue .unnumbered}

Should the provisional PFD thresholds in Resolution 539 be made
permanent or modified?

# Background {#background .unnumbered}

This agenda item is prompted by the provisions of a footnote, S5.418
adopted at WARC-92 and modified at WRC-2000, and actions taken at
WRC-2000 that identified the band 2500-2690 MHz as an additional band
for IMT-2000 systems. The referenced footnote provides for BSS (sound)
systems in the band 2630-2655 MHz in the countries listed in the
footnote, and exempts such type of systems from the PFD limits indicated
in Table S21-4 of the radio regulations for BSS and FSS networks.

The lead group for development of CPM text is WP 6S (BSS). A very
interested contributing group is WP 8F (IMT-2000). WP 6S has established
SRG 6S/11 to prepare a report on the technical sharing issues.

There are a number of administrations which either have or are proposing
BSS and BSS (sound) systems for this band. These include India
(GSO/BSS), Malaysia (GSO/BSS (sound), Japan (NGSO/BSS/GSO (sound),
Indonesia (GSO/BSS), Canada (GSO/BSS), Vietnam (GSO/BSS), Saudi Arabia
(GSO/BSS), Tonga (GSO/BSS) and Brunei Darussalam (GSO/BSS). Indian and
Indonesian systems are already operational.

There have been a number of technical contributions to the SRG. It
appears that representatives of European countries support the use of
this band for IMT-2000 and are using very conservative assumptions to
advocate PFD threshold values which are significantly more restrictive
than those in S21-4. There is also the suggestion that these threshold
values should even be applied as hard limits. In WP-8F meetings there
has been particular disagreement between satellite and IMT-2000
advocates over what I/N value should be used as a protection criteria,
e.g., IMT-2000 proponents advocate an I/N of --10 dB and satellite
interests advocate an I/N of --6.0 dB or greater. The resultant PFD
threshold levels could effectively push BSS systems out of this band, a
situation which is to be avoided. It should be noted that the text of
footnote S5.384A reads "this identification (for IMT-2000) does not
preclude the use of these bands by any application of the services in
which they are allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio
Regulations." This concept is one that the US has strongly supported as
being essential in any bands identified for IMT-2000.

In many countries, including the US, studies are being performed to
determine the appropriate bands for the implementation of IMT-2000.
There are a number of incumbent services in this band that need to have
continued access to the spectrum. . For example, in the USA today there
exists extensive ITFS, MMDS, and two-way internet access fixed systems
using the band. Based on past experience, these services are adequately
protected by the existing PFD levels in Table S21-4.

**Preliminary View**

1\. The use of the band 2630 - 2655 MHz by IMT-2000 systems should not
preclude the use of this band by any application of the services to
which they are allocated and no radio service should have priority over
other services also allocated on a primary basis in this band.

2\. The PFD threshold values for non-GSO BSS (sound) systems in the band
2630-2655 MHz should be maintained at the levels indicated in Resolution
539 unless ITU-R Recommendations demonstrate a need to change them
consistent with View #1 above.

3\. Existing satellite networks (i.e., those for which Coordination or
Notification information has been provided to the ITU) should not be
subject to more restrictive PFD threshold values or limits than those
currently in Resolution 539 and S21-4, and any changes in these limits
must not be applied retroactively to these existing satellite networks.

4\. Any attempt to extend more restrictive PFD threshold values or
limits to other parts of the band should be resisted.

(04.13.01)

Informal Working Group 3 (IWG-3) Document IWG-3/10(Rev.1)

Fixed-Satellite Service / Broadcasting-Satellite Service 12 April 2001

**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEW ON WRC-03 AGENDA ITEM 1.35**

**AGENDA ITEM**

**1.35** to consider the report of the Director of the
Radiocommunication Bureau on the results of the analysis in accordance
with Resolution **53(Rev.WRC-2000)** and take appropriate action

**ISSUE**

Whether to incorporate into the Radio Regulations at WRC-2003 the
results of the Resolution53-man-dated analysis of incompatibilities
between assignments in the WRC-2000 revision of the Regions 1 and 3
BSS/feeder link Plan and assignments in the Region 2 BSS/feeder link
Plan as well as assignments in other services having primary allocations
in the bands used for the Regions 1 and 3 Plan

**BACKGROUND**

Regions 1 and 3 adopted new BSS and associated feeder link Plans for
Regions 1 and 3 at WRC-2000 and also adopted new criteria and
methodologies for calculating the compatibility of these Plans with the
Region 2 BSS and feeder link Plans and with other services having
primary allocations in the Plan bands in all three Regions. However,
except for \"existing\" and \"Part B\" systems, the entries in the new
Regions 1 and 3 Plans were not analyzed during WRC-2000 to determine
whether they presented any inter-service and/or inter-Regional
incompatibilities, especially with assignments in other services that
had not been fully processed at the time of WRC-2000. Therefore, symbols
were included in the \"Remarks\" column of the Regions 1 and 3 Plans to
identify potential incompatibilities, both in terms of causing
interference and receiving interference. The task of analyzing these
potential incompatibilities after WRC-2000 was assigned to the Bureau by
Resolution 53(Rev.WRC-2000). Agenda Item 1.35 calls upon WRC-2003 to
review the results of the Bureau\'s analyses, as reported by the
Director, and take appropriate action.

To fully understand the issues presented by this agenda item, it is
first necessary to understand what Resolution 53 calls upon the Bureau
and administrations to do in order to obtain the results which the
Director is to report to WRC-2003.

To begin with, Resolution **53(Rev.WRC-2000)** resolves \"that the
Bureau, using the methodology and criteria adopted at this conference
\[i.e., WRC-2000\] shall complete the required analyses based on the
following Notes explaining the nature of the \"Remarks\" column entries:
Notes 3 to 7 in Section 9A.2 of Article 9A of Appendix **S30A** and
Notes 5 to 8 in Section 11.2 of Article 11 of Appendix **S30.**\" \[By
way of explanation, Article 11 is the BSS Plan for Regions 1 and 3, and
Article 9A is the corresponding feeder link Plan. Certain of the
assignments in these Plans have a numbered \"note\" in the remarks
column of the Plan. These notes specify either the conditions under
which the assignment in question can be brought into use (e.g., Note 5
for Article 11) or identify the other assignments from which it cannot
claim protection (e.g., Notes 6, 7, and 8 for Article 11)\].

Resolution 53 also resolves that the Bureau shall publish, after the
Conference, the results of its analyses together with its related
conclusions, in a circular letter, and that, once this circular letter
has been sent, administrations will have 120 days to decide whether they
wish to continue appearing in the remarks as \"affected or affecting
administrations\". No reply is taken as agreement to continue appearing.
An affecting administration may request deletion but only with the
agreement of the corresponding affected administration. After the 120
day period has expired, the Bureau will publish the final list of
administrations to be included in the remarks column in a further
Circular Letter. The coordination requirements identified in this
circular letter then apply until the remarks are included in the Radio
Regulations by a competent Conference. Finally, Resolution 53 instructs
the Director of the BR to include the results of the Bureau\'s analyses
of the remarks in his report to the next world radiocommunication
conference.

There are thus two pre-Conference action items for the United States.
The first \-- which must be dealt with in the 120 days following
publication of the Bureau\'s first Circular Letter -- is to determine
whether the Remarks contained in this Circular Letter correctly reflect
which assignments in the Regions 1 and 3 Plans affect, or are affected
by, assignments to services (BSS, FSS, and terrestrial) of interest to
the U.S. Within that 120 - day period, the U.S. must notify the Bureau
of any changes that are necessary, either to correct errors in the
Bureau\'s analyses or to reflect coordination agreements with
\"affected\" administrations in cases where the U.S. can be deleted as
an \"affecting\" administration.

The second action item arises after the Bureau has reviewed its analyses
in the light of requests from administrations and has published its
second Circular Letter with the final list of Remarks and the Director
has issued his report to the WRC-2003 Conference. The U.S. must then
review this Circular letter and the Director\'s Report and decide on the
extent to which it can accept incorporation of the proposed remarks into
the Radio Regulations at WRC-2003.

It should be noted that, in order to allow time to complete its
processing of the backlog of systems against which the compatibility of
the Regions 1 and 3 Plans will be calculated, i.e., systems received by
the Bureau prior to 12 May 2000, the Bureau plans to wait until 2002 to
begin its analyses. This means that the first of the two Circular
letters mandated by Res 53 may not be available before summer 2002.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW**

The U.S. is of the view that it can support incorporation into the Radio
Regulations at WRC-2003 of the Remarks on the Regions 1 and 3 BSS and
feeder link Plans to be proposed in the second of the two Circular
Letters referred to in Resolution 53(Rev.WRC-2000) provided that, in
advance of WRC-2003, the U.S. has determined the validity of these
Remarks in the manner described in the BACKGROUND section above as the
two U.S. pre-Conference action items associated with Agenda Item 1.35.

(04.12.01)

Document IWG-3/011 (04.11.01)

WRC-2003 ADVISORY COMMITTEE

DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.37**: to consider the regulatory and technical
provisions for satellite networks using highly elliptical orbits;

**ISSUES**:

1.  Categorization of highly elliptical orbits (HEOs) as a type of
    non-GSO and definition of the technical and operational parameters
    of satellite networks/systems using these orbits.

2.  Sharing between non-GSO systems using HEOs and circular orbit
    non-GSOs, such as low earth orbit (LEO) and medium earth orbit (MEO)
    systems, including mitigation techniques and coordination criteria.

3.  Sharing between non-GSO systems using HEOs and GSO networks in bands
    where the epfd limits in Article S22 do not apply.

**BACKGROUND:**

The ITU-R has been considering the sharing aspects of HEO satellite
systems (occasionally referred to as "quasi-geostationary" systems) in a
number of contexts over the last several years. Several existing study
questions within the ITU-R address this type of system, and sharing
among non-GSO FSS systems (including HEO non-GSO FSS systems) is
currently being studied under the terms of Resolution 137 (WRC-2000).

A subcategory of non-GSO systems, HEO systems are intended for operation
or are already operational in several FSS bands above 3 GHz, as well as
in BSS (sound) bands at around 2 GHz. In certain configurations, HEO
systems offer promise in terms of their ability to facilitate the
introduction of large numbers of such co-frequency non-GSO FSS systems,
as well as in terms of their potential ability to co-exist successfully
with GSO networks and terrestrial systems.

To date, several categories of non-GSO orbits that are encompassed
within the term "highly elliptical" have been identified within the
ITU-R. The characteristics of HEO systems are under evaluation, as is
the ability of the various HEO systems to share with each other, with
other types of non-GSO systems, with GSO systems (at least in bands
outside of the bands where equivalent power-flux density (epfd) limits
were adopted by WRC-2000 for the non-GSO FSS/GSO FSS and non-GSO FSS/GSO
BSS sharing cases), and with terrestrial services. Much of the study
activity to date has focused on HEO-type non-GSO FSS systems, but there
is no question that space services other than the fixed-satellite
service use or plan to use non-GSO systems in HEO orbits.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:**

1.  The U.S. favors the identification of mitigation techniques and
    sharing criteria which may facilitate coordination between and
    successful co-frequency operation of non-GSO FSS systems, including
    HEOs.

2.  The U.S. agrees that satellite networks using HEOs are non-GSOs.
    These networks should continue to be considered to have the same
    regulatory standing as other types of non-GSOs, such as MEOs and
    LEOs.

3.  ITU-R studies on sharing between non-GSO systems using HEOs and GSO
    networks should continue, especially in bands for which epfd limits
    were not adopted by WRC-2000, to ensure the protection of GSO FSS
    and GSO BSS networks from non-GSO FSS systems.

4.  Understanding of the results of studies being conducted for WRC-03
    agenda item 1.37 will be improved by the use of common definitions
    in ITU-R Recommendations. There is, however, no need to modify the
    terms and definitions in the Radio Regulations to accommodate
    HEO-type non-GSO operations.

(04.11.01)

IWG-3/012(04.13.01)

**Informal Working Group 3 (IWG-3)**

**Preparation for WRC-03**

DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.39**: to examine the spectrum requirements in
the fixed-satellite service bands below 17 GHz for telemetry, tracking
and telecommand of fixed-satellite service networks operating with
service links in the frequency bands above 17 GHz;

**Issue:** Spectrum requirements for space operations in fixed-satellite
service (FSS) bands below 17 GHz for telemetry, tracking and telecommand
(TT&C) of FSS networks operating with service links in the frequency
bands above 17 GHz.

Background: Propagation conditions and spectrum availability are of
primary consideration when implementing TT&C subsystems, which must meet
high reliability criteria. Some systems utilize the existing Space
Operation Service allocations (all of which are below 3 GHz) for TT&C
while others use part of the FSS band allocations to perform this
function (FSS (space-to-Earth) for space telemetry and tracking
carriers, FSS (Earth-to-space) for telecommand).

Many advance publication and coordination notices for GSO and non-GSO
systems in the FSS bands above 17 GHz have been received by the BR. Many
of these systems propose use of bands below 17 GHz for TT&C operation,
and filed accordingly. Under the ITU regulatory structure, FSS
satellites systems may use any FSS allocation to perform TT&C functions.

WRC-2000 established an agenda item 1.39 for WRC-03 to examine the
spectrum requirements in the FSS bands below 17 GHz for TT&C operation
of FSS networks operating with service links in the frequency bands
above 17 GHz. Transmissions above 17 GHz experience higher free-space
and rain attenuation losses than those below 17 GHz. The U.S. is
participating in the technical studies being performed in Working Party
(WP) 4A and WP 4B in response to agenda item 1.39. These studies are
investigating, among other things, the reliability and availability
requirements of TT&C systems operating with service links in frequency
bands above 17 GHz.

**Preliminary View:** Once the ITU-R studies are completed, the U.S. can
make a recommendation, if needed, regarding how the TT&C requirements
for FSS systems operating above 17 GHz can best be satisfied, while
keeping in mind the necessary reliability and flexibility needed for FSS
systems to perform TT&C operations.

(04.16.01)

Document: IWG-4/003

11 April 2001

***WRC-2003 Advisory Committee***

***Informal Working Group 4 (IWG-4)***

**IWG-4 DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS**

**On Agenda Item 1.13**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.13**: to consider regulatory provisions and
possible identification of existing frequency allocations for services
which may be used by high altitude platform stations, taking into
account No. **S5.543A** and the results of the ITU-R studies conducted
in accordance with Resolutions **122 (Rev.WRC-2000)** and
**734/\[COM5/14\] (WRC-2000)**;

**ISSUE**: Matters related to high-altitude platform stations in the
fixed and mobile services

**BACKGROUND:** At WRC-97, the bands 47.2-47.5 GHz and 47.9-48.2 GHz
(which were already allocated for the Fixed Service) were designated
within the Fixed Service for High-Altitude Radio-Relay Platform Stations
(HAPS). WRC-2000 confirmed this designation and under Resolution 122
(Rev.WRC-2000) requested that studies continue on regulatory and sharing
issues in these bands. While this designation does not limit the use of
a band by types of services for which it is already allocated, it does
give guidance to administrations wishing to implement specific service
types.

WRC-2000, through Resolution 122, requested that the ITU-R conduct
studies, taking into account the requirements of other Fixed Service
systems and other services, on the feasibility of identifying suitable
frequencies, in addition to the 2x300 MHz paired band at 47 GHz, for the
use of HAPS in the Fixed Service in the range 18 -- 32 GHz in Region 3.
These studies were called for at the request of several Region 3
administrations because rain fade made utilizing the previously
identified 47 GHz band difficult. The studies are to focus particularly,
but not exclusively, on the bands 27.5 -- 28.35 GHz and 31.0 -- 31.3
GHz. In addition, country footnote S5.537A was adopted to permit the use
of HAPS (HAPS-to-ground) in the Fixed Service allocation in the band
27.5-28.35 GHz on a non-interference, non-protected basis in certain
Region 3 countries. This band, by country footnote S5.543A was paired
with the 31-31.3 GHz band for use by HAPS (ground-to-HAPS) also on a
non-interference, non-protected basis. Additionally use of the 31 --
31.3 GHz band is subject to not causing harmful interference to EESS
(passive) and RAS services operating in the 31.3-31.8 GHz band. The
footnote urged the identified administrations to utilize only the
31.0-31.15 GHz band until studies were completed.

The same concerns expressed at WRC-00 by many Administrations, including
the US, with respect to identifying HAPS use in the Fixed Service in the
18 -- 32 GHz band are still valid today. Internationally the FSS is
allocated on a global basis from 17.7 -- 21.2 GHz and 27.5 -- 31.0 GHz
band. The FSS community is very concerned about their ability to deploy
planned global FSS satellite systems without hindrance from HAPS
deployment in the same band. The FSS community has invested large
amounts of resources and time in the development of global FSS systems
that will operate in certain parts of the 18 -- 32 GHz band.
Additionally there is concern regarding compatibility of HAPS with
existing global FSS systems that operate in these bands. ITU-R Study
Group 4-9S is currently studying this situation.

In addition to the above, WRC-2000 requested studies on the use of HAPS
in both the fixed and mobile services in bands above 3 GHz allocated
exclusively for terrestrial radiocommunication.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:**

Identification of suitable Fixed Service bands for HAPS should be in
bands that are already allocated to the Fixed Service on a primary
basis. The bands considered should be limited to the 27.5 -- 28.35 GHz
and 31.0 -- 31.3 GHz bands identified in Resolution 122. The
identification of bands for HAPS should not impact the ability to
operate existing and planned FSS systems. The identification of HAPS
bands should be by country footnote and limited to Region 3 countries
that expressed a need for an additional 2 x 300 MHz identification of
bands because of difficulties with rain attenuation associated with the
existing 2 x 300 MHz bands at 47 GHz identified for HAPS.

Prior to any identification of HAPS use in the Fixed Service bands
technical studies by the ITU-R should confirm that sharing is feasible
with existing and planned services in a particular frequency band.
Additionally the amount of spectrum identified for HAPS systems in the
referenced bands , 27.5 -- 28.35 GHz and 31.0 -- 31.3 GHz, should be
consistent with the amount identified at 47 GHz (i.e. 2x300 MHz), unless
a specific technical rationale for more spectrum is provided.

The U.S. is following the ITU-R studies being conducted in accordance
with Resolution 734 on the use of HAPS in both the fixed and mobile
services in bands above 3 GHz allocated exclusively for terrestrial
radiocommunication and will develop a preliminary view in due course.

Document IWG-4/004

(April 12, 2001)

*WRC-2003 Advisory Committee*

*Informal Working Group-4*

IWG-4 Preliminary Views on

**WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.25**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.25:** "*to consider, with a view to global
harmonisation to the greatest extent possible, having due regard to not
constraining the development of other services, and in particular of the
fixed service and the broadcasting-satellite service, regulatory
provisions and possible identification of spectrum for high-density
systems in the fixed-satellite service above 17.3 GHz, focusing
particularly on frequency bands above 19.7 GHz.*"

**ISSUE**: Adoption of regulatory provisions and identification of
certain FSS bands to facilitate high-density applications in the FSS
(HDFSS).

**BACKGROUND**:

The demand for broadband services is increasing. Leading market research
groups project substantial growth in broadband multi-media satellite
access. This growth is projected for both residential and business
purposes. By 2005, the average bandwidth required per user for
high-speed access will be at least 10 times that which it is today.
Provisions of these services by satellites provide an attractive
competitive alternative to terrestrial communication systems. Satellite
systems typically require a much longer lead time than do terrestrial
systems to develop and implement; therefore, some regulatory assurances
that terminal deployment will be commercially viable is essential.

HDFSS means ubiquitous deployment of a large number of small FSS earth
stations. This type of earth station deployment is not compatible either
with site-by-site coordination between FS and HDFSS stations within a
country, or with a regime in which an individual authorization is
required for each earth station. Therefore, it is appropriate for
administrations to authorize HDFSS earth stations under a class
("blanket") licensing policy. Implementation of class licensing
procedures does not obviate the need for satellite network coordination
in accordance with the ITU Radio Regulations (or applicable national
regulations) or preclude the use of FSS networks with other types of
earth stations and characteristics. Nor does class licensing relieve,
where required, an HDFSS network from the ITU requirements to coordinate
with FS networks across international borders. This type of licensing or
authorization regime does, however, greatly facilitate the early and
efficient introduction of HDFSS earth stations, and hence HDFSS
services, into a country.

Regarding the band 17.3 -- 17.7 GHz, in all three Regions this is a
planned band for BSS feeder links (Earth-to-space) (AP S30A). In Region
2, the FSS (Earth-to-space) allocation in this band is limited to GSO
BSS feederlinks. Also, in Region 2, as per S5.517, an allocation to the
BSS in the band 17.3-17.7 GHz shall come into effect on 1 April 2007.
Radiolocation systems, including aeronautical systems, operate worldwide
in the 17.3-17.7 GHz band (on a secondary basis). Furthermore, there is
an agenda item (1.18) of WRC-03 to possibly introduce a primary FS
allocation in the 17.3-17.7 GHz sub-band for Region 1.

Many administrations have submitted ITU filings for FSS systems in the
17.7 -- 20.2 GHz (space-to-Earth)/27.5 -- 30.0 GHz (Earth-to-space) and
in the 40-42 GHz (space-to-Earth)/ 48.2-50.2 GHz (Earth-to-space) bands.
Many of these FSS filings propose using all or portions of these bands
for global HDFSS systems (using GSO and/or NGSO satellites) that will
deliver global communications services, including to areas that
presently are not served. It is impractical to coordinate HDFSS earth
stations with FS because of the large number of HDFSS earth stations and
the type of user.

Many administrations, including the U.S., through national spectrum
management regulations have developed or are developing rules that
facilitate the deployment of HDFSS in some of these frequency bands. In
particular many Administrations have implemented policies to allow HDFSS
applications in the 29.5 -- 30.0 GHz/19.7 -- 20.2 GHz bands, due to
great demand for use of this band and the fact that there is no
co-primary FS allocation in these bands in the ITU Table of Frequency
Allocations. The bands 18.8-19.3 GHz/28.6-29.1 GHz have also been
included for HDFSS in many countries. In the U.S., in order to
facilitate HDFSS, the FCC has adopted rules that allow class (i.e.,
blanket) licensing of FSS terminals and has prohibited the use of FS in
certain of these bands. This policy precludes the need to coordinate
each FSS earth station with FS stations (except for transition periods
when there was already use of FS in the band and near international
borders).

Other administrations are currently in the process of determining how to
appropriately provide for HDFSS services in their countries. Some of
these administrations are looking to the ITU for guidance on spectrum
management issues concerning the FS and HDFSS.

WRC-97 and WRC-00 identified bands for High Density Fixed Services
(HDFS) in the 31 GHz, 37.0-43.5 GHz and 55 GHz range. WRC-97 and WRC-00
also globally allocated the band 40.5-42.5 GHz to the FSS. Although no
bands have yet been specifically identified for HDFSS use, WRC-00 did
advise administrations that may be contemplating HDFS use of the bands
39.5-40 GHz and 40.5-42 GHz to take into account constraints to HDFS due
to the potential deployment of high-density applications in the FSS.
Further, Resolution 84 (WRC-2000) urges administrations considering
regulatory provisions relating to the band 40-40.5 GHz to take into
account that there were a number of proposals to WRC-00 to identify the
band for HDFSS applications.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW**:

The identification of appropriate frequency bands for high-density
applications in the FSS, and the adoption of associated regulatory
provisions to facilitate deployment of HDFSS earth terminals, can help
administrations and HDFSS satellite system operators in their earth
station deployment.

The U.S. objective of enabling HDFSS in specific bands will be pursued
by proposing adoption of footnotes to the International Table of
Frequency Allocations that would "identify" certain bands for use by
high-density applications in the FSS within existing FSS allocations.
These footnotes could reference a resolution that would encourage those
administrations desiring to take advantage of the benefits of HDFSS to
adopt regulatory procedures, such as class (blanket) licensing of FSS
earth stations, and to halt deployment of FS in the applicable bands in
view of the sharing difficulties, in order to facilitate the
introduction of HDFSS earth stations. The U.S. does not support removal
of any existing allocations from the International Table of Frequency
Allocations under WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.25.

In reviewing bands above 17.3 GHz, the U.S. has developed the following
specific preliminary views:

-   Regarding the band 17.3 -- 17.7 GHz, in all three Regions this is a
    planned band for BSS feeder links (Earth-to-space) (AP S30A). In
    Region 2, the FSS (Earth-to-space) allocation in this band is
    limited to GSO BSS feederlinks. Also, in Region 2, as per S5.517, an
    allocation to the BSS in the band 17.3-17.7 GHz shall come into
    effect on 1 April 2007. Radiolocation systems, including
    aeronautical systems, operate worldwide in the 17.3-17.7 GHz band
    (on a secondary basis). Furthermore, there is an agenda item (1.18)
    of WRC-03 to possibly introduce a primary FS allocation in the
    17.3-17.7 GHz sub-band for Region 1. Given these allocations, this
    band is not available for HDFSS identification.

-   The bands 29.5 -- 30.0 GHz and 19.7 --20.2 GHz are allocated
    globally to the FSS in the Earth-to-space and space-to-Earth
    directions, respectively. There is no co-primary FS allocation in
    the ITU Table of Frequency Allocations in these bands. Many
    administrations are planning to deploy HDFSS applications in these
    bands on a global basis. Therefore the U.S. supports the
    identification of these bands for HDFSS on a global basis.

-   The paired bands 28.6-29.1 GHz and 18.8-19.3 GHz, are allocated
    globally to the FSS in the Earth-to-space and space-to-Earth
    directions, respectively. Furthermore, these are the only bands
    where NGSO FSS systems are not required to protect every current and
    future GSO FSS system and therefore represent the best opportunity
    for ubiquitously deployed NGSO FSS user terminals. Therefore the
    U.S. supports the identification of these bands for HDFSS on a
    global basis.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   The bands 18.58-18.8 GHz, and 40-42 GHz (all space-to-Earth), and
    28.35-28.6 GHz, 29.25-29.5 GHz and 48.2-50.2 GHz (all
    Earth-to-space), are also planned for use by many administrations
    for HDFSS applications. Therefore the U.S. supports the
    identification of these bands for HDFSS on a global basis.

The U.S. will continue to participate in ITU-R studies related to agenda
item 1.25 and develop views on other frequency bands as appropriate.

(12.04.01)

Document IWG-4/005

April 12, 2001

WRC-2003 Advisory Committee

Informal Working Group 4 (IWG-4)

IWG-4 PRELIMINARY VIEWS

On Agenda Item 1.26

WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.26: To consider the provisions, under which earth
stations located on board vessels, could operate in fixed satellite
networks, taking into account the ITU-R studies in response to
Resolution 82.

# Issue - {#issue-- .unnumbered}

At WRC-2000 Resolution 82 was adopted which recognizes the existence and
importance of communications services provided by VSAT like terminals on
board ships operating in the 3700-4200 MHz and 5925-6425 MHz Fixed
Satellite Service bands. Now RR need to be developed to implement the
guidelines in Res. 82.

# Background - {#background-- .unnumbered}

Resolves 4 of Resolution 82 states that until WRC-03 takes further
action the guidelines in its Annexes 1 and 2 should be used as a basis
for bilateral or multilateral agreement between administrations
licensing ESVs and affected administrations. ESVs have been operating
for over 10 years either under S4.4 or on the basis of a coordination
agreement with affected administrations while not causing unacceptable
interference to co-frequency terrestrial services.

Countries have provided authorizations to operate ESV terminals at
ports, in territorial waters, and within a distance beyond which no
coordination is required. This has occurred even though the ship on
which the ESV is located does not carry the flag of the country which
could receive interference.

Several actions are now underway in ITU-R Study Groups to develop
Recommendations related to this agenda item. These include:

a\. In Working Party 4A a Recommendation is being developed on the
Characteristics of ESVs.

b\. In Joint Working Party 4-9S several Recommendations are being
developed on methods to be used for achieving coordination with fixed
stations when ESVs are in motion near the shore, including definition of
a distance beyond which no coordination is necessary.

## Preliminary View

The Preliminary View of the U.S. on this agenda item is:

a\. A footnote should be added to the allocation 3700-4200 MHz and
5925-6425 MHz which references a revised Resolution 82. To the extent
that studies within the ITU-R have been satisfactorily completed on the
use of 11/14 GHz for this application, a similar footnote should be
added to appropriate bands. The footnote could read:

> S5.ESV Earth-stations on board vessels operating in this band shall do
> so in accordance with the provision of Resolution 82 (Rev. 2003).

b\. Resolution 82 should be modified to change the guidelines of Annex 1
to resolves (suppress the existing resolves) and remove the title of
Annex 1.

c\. Change Annex 2 to Annex 1.

d\. When operating in the territorial waters of a country or within a
distance from the shore of a country outside of which there will be no
unacceptable interference to terrestrial stations, a vessel having an
earth station on board should be permitted to transmit once compliance
with the technical criteria for avoiding interference as established by
that country has been demonstrated.

PrelimView 1.26 4-00

#### Document IWG-4/006 {#document-iwg-4006 .unnumbered}

#### April 11, 2001 {#april-11-2001 .unnumbered}

***WRC-2003 Advisory Committee***

##### Informal Working Group-4 {#informal-working-group-4 .unnumbered}

**IWG-4 preliminary Views**

**on WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.32**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.32a:** to consider technical and regulatory
provisions concerning the band 37.5 - 43.5 GHz, in accordance with
Resolutions **128 (Rev. WRC-2000)** and **84 (WRC-2000)**.

**ISSUES:** 1. Adequacy of provisional limits on power flux-density
("PFD") produced into the radio astronomy ("RA") service band at 42.5 -
43.5 GHz by non-GSO satellites operating in the space-to-Earth direction
in the fixed-satellite service ("FSS") or broadcasting-satellite service
("BSS") in the band 41.5 - 42.5 GHz, and by GSO FSS or BSS satellites
operating in the space-to-Earth direction in the band 42.0 - 42.5 GHz.

2\. Identification of technical and operational measures that FSS/BSS
satellite networks can take to protect RA operations in the 42.5 - 43.5
GHz band, and of measures that may be implemented by RA service users to
reduce the susceptibility of stations in the RA service to harmful
interference.

**BACKGROUND:** The band 42.5 - 43.5 GHz is allocated to the RA service
on a co-primary basis, while the frequency bands immediately below 42.5
GHz are allocated to the FSS and BSS (both space-to-Earth) on a
co-primary basis with each other and with terrestrial services. To
protect operating RA stations, WRC-2000 established a new footnote
**S5.551G**, which contains a provisional PFD limit - not to exceed
--167 dB(W/m^2^) in any 1 MHz band at the site of a radio astronomy
station for more than 2% of the time - on emissions produced into the
42.5 - 43.5 GHz band by non-GSO FSS or BSS systems operating in the
41.5 - 42.5 GHz band. A similar limit was imposed on emissions that GSO
FSS or BSS satellites operating in the 42.0 - 42.5 GHz band may produce
at the sites of RA stations operating in the 42.5 - 43.5 GHz band.

Pursuant to Resolution **128 (Rev. WRC-2000)**, the ITU-R is to conduct
studies to review these provisional PFD limits; to identify technical
and operational measures in the band 41.5 -- 42.5 GHz, including
possible mitigation techniques to protect RA operations; and to propose
measures that may be implemented to reduce the susceptibility of
stations in the RA to harmful interference.

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS:**

For Agenda Item 1.32a, protection should be provided for RA sites,
during periods of observations, from emissions produced into the 42.5 -
43.5 GHz band by non-GSO FSS and BSS satellites operating in the 41.5 -
42.5 GHz band, as well as from GSO FSS or BSS satellites operating in
the 42.0 - 42.5 GHz band. The United States is participating in studies
now ongoing within the ITU-R. For the protection of RA from FSS, a
guardband of 500 MHz appears to be adequate.

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Document IWG-4/007**

#### April 11, 2001 {#april-11-2001-1 .unnumbered}

***WRC-2003 Advisory Committee***

##### Informal Working Group-4 {#informal-working-group-4-1 .unnumbered}

**IWG-4 preliminary Views**

**on WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.32**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.32b:** to consider technical and regulatory
provisions concerning the band 37.5 - 43.5 GHz, in accordance with
Resolutions **128 (Rev. WRC-2000)** and **84 (WRC-2000)**.

**ISSUES:** 1. How to achieve the successful co-existence of the fixed
service ("FS") (including high-density applications in the FS), the
fixed-satellite service ("FSS") (including high-density applications in
the FSS), the mobile-satellite service ("MSS") and the
broadcasting-satellite service ("BSS") within the 37.5 - 42.5 GHz
frequency range.

2\. How to ensure that FSS satellites that operate in clear sky
conditions in the 37.5 -- 40.0 GHz and 42.0 - 42.5 GHz bands at reduced
power flux-density ("PFD") levels use downlink fade compensation to
overcome fading conditions in the least intrusive way practicable.

3\. How to ensure that ubiquitously-deployed FSS terminals in the 40.0
-- 42.0 GHz band will be protected from interference caused by
co-frequency FS transmitters.

**BACKGROUND:** Various segments of the 37.5 - 43.5 GHz band are
allocated to the FS, FSS, BSS and MSS on a co-primary basis. Segments of
this band are being used or planned for high-density applications in the
FS ("HDFS"), and other segments of the band are planned for deployment
of high-density applications in the FSS ("HDFSS"). Co-frequency sharing
is not feasible between HDFS and HDFSS systems, but sharing situations
where only one of the services operates with ubiquitously-deployed small
terminals may be practicable.

Significant actions were taken at WRC-2000 with respect to the 37.5 --
43.5 GHz band:

1.  A framework for a comprehensive sharing arrangement for terrestrial
    and satellite services in the 37.5 - 43.5 GHz band was established,
    based on each service using some portions of the band more
    intensively than others.

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(a) The 40.5 - 42.5 GHz band allocation for FSS was harmonized across
    all three ITU Regions.

(b) The 37.5 - 40.0 GHz and the 40.5 - 43.5 GHz bands, among others,
    were identified for HDFS applications in footnote **S5.547**, noting
    the potential deployment of HDFSS applications in the bands 39.5 -
    40.0 GHz and 40.5 - 42.0 GHz and the constraints such deployments
    may impose on use by HDFS.

(c) PFD limits were established in Article **S21** (Table **S21-4**) for
    the FSS (space-to-Earth) in the bands 37.5 - 40.0 GHz and 42.0 -
    42.5 GHz, and for the MSS (space-to-Earth) in the band 39.5 - 40.0
    GHz, which are favorable to high-density applications in the FS, but
    which also permit "gateway"-type FSS operations. The PFD limits in
    the bands 40.0 - 40.5 GHz and 40.5 -- 42.0 GHz are favorable for
    high density applications in the FSS.

(d) In the bands 37.5 -- 40.0 GHz and 42.0 - 42.5 GHz, footnote
    **S5.551AA** provides that non-GSO FSS systems should employ power
    control or other methods of downlink fade compensation, on the order
    of 10 dB, to reduce the level of interference to the FS while
    ensuring that the satellite systems are at power levels required to
    meet the desired link performance.

(e) With regard to the consideration of regulatory provisions for the
    band 40.0 - 40.5 GHz, Administrations were urged to take into
    account that WRC-2000 received a number of proposals to identify the
    band 40.0 - 40.5 GHz for high-density applications in the FSS.

(f) ITU-R is to study criteria and techniques to address interference
    from transmitters of FS into earth station receivers in high-density
    applications in the FSS in the bands 39.5 -- 40.0 GHz and 40.5 --
    42.0 GHz intended to operate in the same geographic area.

(g) WRC-2000 established provisional PFD limits on BSS satellites in the
    band 40.5 - 42.5 GHz and requested the ITU-R to study technical and
    operational characteristics of BSS and to review the provisional PFD
    limits.

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2.  HDFS deployments in the 37.0 - 40.0 GHz band in ITU Region 2 were
    provisionally afforded greater protection from interference from FSS
    systems than they are in ITU Regions 1 and 3. In Region 2, prior to
    WRC-03, before an Administration brings into use a frequency
    assignment for a GSO FSS network in the 37.5 -- 40.0 GHz band, it
    shall seek the agreement of any Administration in Region 2 on whose
    territory the PFD produced exceeds the values in Table **S21-4**
    minus 12 dB.

3.  ITU-R is to conduct studies to determine whether the PFDs in Article
    **S21** in the bands 37.5 -- 40.0 GHz and 42.0 -- 42.5 GHz will
    adequately protect the FS from FSS and MSS transmissions (39.5 --
    40.0 GHz only), taking into account the need to ensure a proper
    balance in terms of the impact on both the FS and space services
    sharing the same band.

4.  ITU-R is to conduct studies to determine whether the PFDs in Article
    **S21** in the band 40.5 -- 42.0 GHz band will adequately protect
    systems in the FS, taking into account the requirements of the FSS
    and recognizing that some Administrations plan to deploy FSS systems
    using ubiquitous very small aperture terminals in the 39.5 -- 42.0
    GHz band.

5.  In the bands 37.5 -- 40.0 GHz and 42.0 -- 42.5 GHz, ITU-R is to
    study the nominal clear sky PFD levels, and the percentage of time
    during which they may be exceeded to overcome fading conditions for
    FSS, in order to protect the FS while permitting operation of FSS
    using coordinated large antennas.

6.  ITU-R is to study the use of mitigation techniques to improve
    sharing conditions between the space services and FS systems, taking
    account of the impact on systems of all affected services.

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS:**

The U.S. continues to fully support the comprehensive sharing
arrangement that the CITEL countries took into WRC-2000. This approach
is equitable, and allows the competing needs of the FS and the FSS in
the 37.5 -- 43.5 GHz band to be satisfied.

The unique characteristics of some HDFS networks in the 37.5 -- 40.0 GHz
band, which include links across a very wide range of elevation angles,
makes them much more sensitive to satellite downlink interference than
more traditional FS networks or HDFS networks with smaller
concentrations of high elevation angle links. The PFD limits established
in Article **S21** (Table **S21-4**) for the FSS (space-to-Earth) in the
bands 37.5 - 40.0 GHz and 42.0 - 42.5 GHz, and for the MSS
(space-to-Earth) in the band 39.5 - 40.0 GHz should be maintained, and
should be used for validation purposes. When GSO and non-GSO satellites
operate in these bands under clear-sky conditions, their operational PFD
levels should be reduced to the levels in Table **S21-4** minus 12 dB.

The U.S. supports a policy that allows FSS satellites operating at the
nominal clear-sky levels (Table **S21-4** minus 12 dB) under clear-sky
conditions in the bands 37.5 -- 40.0 GHz and 42.0 - 42.5 GHz to increase
PFD by up to 12 dB to compensate for fading conditions between the
satellite and one or more geographically separated Earth stations. The
U.S. is currently participating in ITU-R studies that will determine the
appropriate percentage(s) of time during which satellite networks and
systems will need to use downlink fade compensation, and any associated
conditions that are appropriate to minimize the impact of such use on
affected HDFS links.

The PFD limits in the bands 37.5 - 40.0 GHz and 42.0 - 42.5 GHz should
still be adequate to permit "gateway"-type FSS operations. FS operations
in the 40.0 - 42.0 GHz band should be able to be accommodated subject to
constraints that would be imposed due to deployment of high-density
applications in the FSS.

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Document IWG-5/\_\_

> Author: Kris Hutchison
>
> April 6,2001

**WRC-2003 ADVISORY COMMITTEE**

> **DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**
>
> **WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.14:** to consider measures to address harmful
> interference in the bands allocated to the maritime mobile and
> aeronautical mobile \[R\] services, taking into account Resolutions
> 207 (Rev. WRC-2000) and 350/\[COM5/12\] (WRC-2000), and to review the
> frequency, and channel arrangements in the maritime MF and HF bands
> concerning the use of new digital technology, also taking into account
> Resolution 347 (WRC-97)

**Issue:**

Resolution 207 (Rev. WRC-2000), and Resolution 350/\[COM5/12} (WRC-2000)
contain provisions and measures to combat the growing concern of
aviation and maritime authorities over the increased interference to
operational distress and safety communications caused by unauthorized
(illegal) transmissions.

**Background:**

Interference to safety communications with aircraft in these bands in
some areas of the world, notably in the South Pacific, is now a matter
of very serious concern to civil aviation authorities, and to aircraft
operating in those areas.

International civil aviation fully supports the development of measures
to strengthen the Radio Regulations, as feasible, and their application
by administrations to avoid the occurrence of safety infringing events
and to lead to the eventual cessation of these unauthorized
transmissions. Increased use of HF data link (HFDL), in particular for
ATC communications, as standardized in ICAO Annex 10, would provide
technical means to overcome interference caused by these transmissions.
HFDL is currently extensively available and mainly used for aeronautical
operational control (AOC) communications.

Solutions affecting technical characteristics of currently used
equipment and solely aimed at mitigating the effects of interference
must however be carefully assessed by civil aviation as to their affect
on internationally agreed standards, and to their practical
effectiveness in both the short and the long term. The prime focus for
action has to remain in the area of the regulatory control exercised by
radio administrations. Technical means should primarily promote and make
this more effective. In particular in the case of aircraft equipment,
careful attention must be given to avoid unnecessary or ineffective
changes to equipment, which would place an economic burden on airline
operators.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:** To support enforcement of regulatory provisions,
cooperative action by administrations, and the implementation of
recommended measures and techniques, aimed at reducing this threat to
the safety of air operations.

*Informal Working Group 5 (IWG-5)*

Preparation for WRC-03

# DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS {#draft-preliminary-views .unnumbered}

**WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.24:** to review the usage of the band 13.75-14
GHz, in accordance with Resolution **733** (WRC-2000), with a view to
addressing sharing conditions;

**ISSUE**: To determine sharing conditions required by the FSS,
Radionavigation, Radiolocation, and Space Research services while taking
into consideration:

1)  the constraints in footnote **S5.502** regarding the minimum antenna
    diameter of GSO FSS Earth stations and alternatives to those
    constraints,

2)  review the e.i.r.p. for operation of Radiolocation service,

3)  the needs of the Space Research service per **S5.503**.

**BACKGROUND:** Prior to WRC-2000, footnote **S5.502** contained
constraints such as, e.i.r.p. and antenna size limits on the
fixed-satellite service and e.i.r.p. limits on the radiolocation
service. Footnote **S5.503** contained e.i.r.p. limits on the
fixed-satellite service to protect the space research service. These
constraints were intended to accommodate a delicate sharing of the band
among these services. These constraints were developed based upon the
planned use of 13.75-14.0 GHz by geostationary satellites in the FSS,
and were intended to limit the number of FSS earth stations to the point
that sharing could occur, though a potential for interference from the
limited number of earth stations would still exist. Since the time that
the regulatory constraints were developed, GSO FSS operators have
expressed interest in operating small earth stations. This is due to the
increased requirement for broadband data services delivered to
businesses, hospitals, schools, etc., in both rural and urban areas.
Radiolocation operators have expressed interest in using higher than
currently allowed e.i.r.p. values. WRC-2000 modified footnotes
**S5.502** and **S5.503** to include:

-   within footnote S5.502 that the protection of the receiving space
    stations in the FSS operating with earth stations that,
    individually, have an e.i.r.p. of less than 68 dBW shall not impose
    constraints on the operation of the radiolocation and
    radionavigation stations operating in accordance with the Radio
    Regulations.

-   within footnote S5.503 that the e.i.r.p. density of emissions from
    any earth station in the FSS operating with a space station in
    non-geostationary satellite orbit shall not exceed 51 dBW in band
    13.772 to 13.778 GHz until those geostationary space stations in the
    space research service for which information for advance publication
    has been received by the Bureau prior to 31 Jan. 1992 cease to
    operate in this band.

The conference has created a Joint Task Group 4-7-8 to address the
sharing conditions in footnotes **S5.502** and **S5.503** with a view to
review the minimum antenna diameter of GSO FSS Earth station's and the
e.i.r.p. constraints of radiolocation service.

It is believed that the ITU-R studies will take into account the
reductions in resulting Radiolocation power flux density transmissions
towards over-the-horizon inland earth station sights. Such studies
should result in quantifying the reduction of interference into FSS
earth station receivers located inland from the operating Radiolocation
sea lanes. That, in turn, would indicate the reduced protection needs
and consequently smaller earth station antenna sizes at those locations.
Studies will also have to be conducted which take into account those
Space Research Satellites still having priority in the 13.772 -- 13.788
GHz band.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:** Based on the ITU-R studies, it would be the U.S.
view to relax the 4.5 meter constraint on the GSO FSS to smaller sizes
in proportion to the pfd reductions afforded to over the horizon FSS
earth station inland sight locations while also temporarily taking into
account the needs of the remaining Space Research satellites still
operating in the 13.772 -- 13.778 GHz band.

(4/3/01)

**Document IWG-5/\_\_\_\_\_**

**Author: Kris Hutchison**

**April 6, 2001**

#  {#section .unnumbered}

# WRC-2003 ADVISORY COMMITTEE {#wrc-2003-advisory-committee .unnumbered}

# DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03 {#draft-preliminary-views-on-wrc-03 .unnumbered}

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.28:** to permit the use of the band 108-117.975
MHz for the transmission of radionavigation satellite differential
correction signals by ICAO standard ground-based systems.

**Issue:**

Provision of an allocation for the transmission of the ICAO standard
GNSS augmentation systems.

**Background:**

An aviation requirement has emerged for the transmission of differential
correction (augmentation) data for the Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS), to be used by aircraft receivers to satisfy the stringent
accuracy and integrity requirements for GNSS applications. Following
ICAO studies, the new ground-based augmentation systems (GBAS) are
planned to operate in the present VOR/ILS band at 108-117.975 MHz
(initially, 112-117.975 MHz).

The band is currently allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation
service. It has been argued that GBAS does not fall within the
definition of a radionavigation service (i.e., using the property of the
propagation characteristics of radio waves) and that an amendment to the
allocation would therefore need to be made to allow for the transmission
of GNSS augmentation data.

Compatibility and frequency planning criteria for the VOR/ILS, and the
new service are being developed by ICAO. Compatibility with FM broadcast
services in the band 87.5-108 MHz would be assured through conformity
with ITU-R Recommendation IS.1009.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:** Support an allocation permitting the use of the
band 108-117.975 MHz for the transmission of ICAO standard GNSS
augmentation systems.

Ensure conformity with ITU-R Recommendation IS.1009 regarding
compatibility with the FM broadcast services in the band 87.5-108 MHz.

Doc. IWG-6/013(Rev.1)

Author: John Lyons

16 April 2001

john.lyons@motorola.com

***Informal Working Group 6***

**Preliminary Views on WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.3** *to consider identification of
globally/regionally harmonized bands, to the extent practicable, for the
implementation of future advanced solutions to meet the needs of public
protection agencies, including those dealing with emergency situations
and disaster relief, and to make regulatory provisions, as necessary,
taking into account Resolution 645/\[GT PLEN-2/5\] (WRC-2000)*

**Issue**: Pursuant to Resolution 1156 of WRC-2000, modify Article S5 of
the Radio Regulations at WRC-2003 to identify frequency bands that could
be used on a global/regional basis by administrations intending to
implement future solutions for public protection agencies and
organizations, including those dealing with emergency situations and
disaster relief.

**Background**: WRC-2000 took notice of the growing telecommunication
needs of public protection and disaster relief agencies, the
requirements imposed by future advanced solutions employing high data
rates, video and multimedia technologies, and the need for
interoperability among service providers dealing with emergency
situations and disaster relief. In recognition of the importance of such
growing needs to the maintenance of law and order and the protection of
life and property, WRC-2000 resolved to study, as a matter of urgency,
identification of frequency bands that could be used on a
global/regional basis by administrations intending to implement future
solutions for public protection agencies, including those dealing with
emergency situations and disaster relief, to consider the identification
of globally/regionally harmonized bands at WRC-2003, and to make
regulatory provisions, as necessary.

These studies are to be conducted in WP 8A. A questionnaire has been
circulated to all ITU members requesting information on the type of PPDR
services presently deployed and planned, distinguishing among
narrowband, wideband, and broadband technologies, and spectrum
allocations for PPDR services present and future. Further work of WP 8A
will include analyzing the questionnaire responses, discussing a
methodology for determining how much spectrum is needed for PPDR, and
developing draft text for the WRC 2003 CPM Report.

This initiative is designed to enhance the ability of public protection
and disaster relief organizations to work together through improved
communications interoperability and to enable the equipment economies of
scale necessary to lower the costs of specialized telecommunications
systems to publicly funded entities that protect life and property. A
harmonized spectrum plan may also result in the availability of spectrum
for broadband applications for high data rate and multimedia systems
designed to meet the specific future needs of public protection and
disaster relief agencies. Harmonizing spectrum and regulatory
requirements should improve the potential for communications
interoperability when a country receives assistance from its global
village partners during times of disaster. When disaster relief agencies
respond around the world they generally bring their own communications
equipment. In such cases, it is necessary to establish an inter-agency
communications function to effectively coordinate efforts and maximize
the number of lives saved. Harmonized spectrum provides the potential
for relief organizations around the world to communicate and interact
more quickly and efficiently, thereby speeding disaster relief efforts.

**Preliminary Views**: At WRC-03, the United States should support the
identification of globally/regionally harmonized frequency bands for the
provision of public protection and disaster relief services. (17 April
2001)

> Doc.IWG-6/014 (Rev.2)

17 April 2001

Paul Rinaldo

prinaldo@arrl.org

***Informal Working Group 6***

**PRELIMINARY VIEW ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.23:** *to consider realignment of the
allocations to the amateur, amateur-satellite and broadcasting services
around 7 MHz on a worldwide basis, taking into account Recommendation
**718 (WARC-92)**;*

**ISSUE:** The need for a worldwide exclusive spectrum allocation for
the amateur and amateur-satellite services in the three ITU Regions.

**BACKGROUND:**

Before 1938 the amateur service was allocated 300 kHz, 7000-7300 kHz, on
a worldwide basis. At the 1938 Cairo Conference, the 300 kHz was reduced
to 150 kHz for Regions 1 and 3 by the insistence of the Europeans. The
allocation was further reduced to 100 kHz for Regions 1 and 3 at the
1947 Atlantic City Conference. The 200 kHz from 7100-7300 kHz was
reallocated to the broadcasting service on a primary basis for Regions 1
and 3 for broadcasting within those regions.

Although the amateurs in Region 2 retained a 300 kHz exclusive
allocation, 7000-7300 kHz, they have to protect the broadcasting service
in Regions 1 and 3 that were broadcasting to areas within Regions 1 and
3 (RR Footnote S5.142). In addition, certain national footnotes further
limited the amateurs\' allocation by assigning 7000-7050 kHz to the
fixed service on a primary basis (RR Footnotes S5.140 & S5.141).

At WARC-92, the United States proposed a worldwide amateur allocation in
band 6900-7200 kHz as a consequence of proposed additional allocations
for the broadcasting service above 7 MHz. That proposal failed because
the modification of broadcasting service allocations was insufficient to
cause a consequential change in the amateur allocation. WARC-92 agreed
to Recommendation 718 (WARC-92) to consider realignment of the bands
around 7 MHz at a future conference. A CEPT position was presented at
WRC-97 that supported action at WRC-99 to carry out a realignment of the
bands around 7 MHz and set out a number of facts and principles on which
the re-alignment should be based. The proposed agenda item was
eventually agreed to for inclusion on the provisional agenda for WRC-03.

As the only primary allocation to the amateur service between 4 and 14
MHz, the 7 MHz band is in heavy use 24 hours each day. During daylight
hours, the band carries the bulk of amateur sky wave communication over
distances of less than 1300 km. During the winter and during periods of
low solar activity, and at other times when the maximum usable frequency
(MUF) falls below 10 MHz, it must support the bulk of amateur
intercontinental communication during the hours of darkness. As such,
the Amateur Service is heavily dependent upon the 7 MHz band during
natural disasters, when communications provided by radio amateurs may be
the only means of maintaining critical communications links.

The requirement for at least a 300 kHz allocation is even greater today
than in the past, owing to the increasing number of amateur stations and
the expanding diversity of modes of emission used in the amateur
service. However, the requirement is being met only in Region 2 and in
certain countries in Regions 1 and 3 that permit their amateur stations
to operate in the band 7100-7300 kHz under the provisions of Radio
Regulation S4.4, and then only at those times (mostly during daylight
hours) when broadcasting interference does not preclude full use of the
band by amateur stations. In most countries in Regions 1 and 3, amateurs
are limited to the portion of the band that is exclusively amateur,
worldwide: 7000-7100 kHz.

Though broadcasting in the band 7000-7100 kHz has been reduced
substantially, congestion in the amateur service is a significant
problem and a return to the previous allocation of 300 kHz, worldwide,
in the vicinity of 7 MHz is *strongly* indicated (RES 641, Rev.HFBC-87).

**PRELIMINARY VIEW:**

> The U.S. supports the alignment of the bands around 7 MHz to eliminate
> the Regional differences between the allocations to the broadcasting
> service and the amateur services. The U.S. supports the allocation of
> the band 6900-7200 kHz on a worldwide primary basis to the amateur
> service, and allocating a band starting at 7200 kHz to the
> broadcasting service. Alternatively, the U.S. could support the
> allocation of 7000-7300 kHz on a world wide primary basis to the
> amateur service, with the broadcasting service allocation beginning at
> 7300 kHz. (17 April 2001)

Doc.IWG-6/016 (Rev.2)

16 April 2001

W.E. Ireland

wireland@arrl.org

***Informal Working Group 6***

PRELIMINARY VIEW ON WRC-03

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.38:** *to consider provision of up to 6 MHz of
frequency spectrum to the Earth exploration-satellite service (active)
in the frequency band 420-470 MHz, in accordance with Resolution **727
(Rev.WRC-2000)**;*

**ISSUE**: The use of the frequency band 420-470 MHz by the earth
exploration-satellite service (EESS) (active) (Resolution **727
(Rev.WRC-2000)**, used extensively by government radars and the amateur
services.

**BACKGROUND**: A similar agenda item was debated at WRC-97 resulting in
a decision not to adopt proposed allocations for EESS (active) in the
420-470 MHz band. The Earth sensing community has identified that the
need for an allocation at a radio spectrum wavelength of approximately
one meter. Experiments have shown good correlation of backscatter
radiation from biomass and soil moisture, which are parameters needed
for forest monitoring. The need for such forest monitoring was
emphasized at the United Nations Conference on Economic Development
(UNCED) (Buenos Aires - 1992). Studies have identified a minimum
bandwidth requirement of 6 MHz to satisfy mission objectives.

The amateur community is concerned with the possibility of harmful
interference to amateur operations in the 430-440 MHz portion of the
band. There are currently 16 amateur satellites in orbit that use
frequencies within the band 435-438 MHz for both up and down links
internationally.

The band 430--440 MHz is allocated to the amateur service on a
co-primary basis in Region 1, and on a primary basis in eight Region 2
countries: Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guyana, Honduras,
Panama and Venezuela (No. **S5.278**). Elsewhere in Region 2 and in
Region 3, the amateur service allocation is secondary. Additionally, the
bands 420--430 MHz and 440--450 MHz are allocated to the amateur service
on a secondary basis in Australia, the United States, Jamaica and the
Philippines (No.**S5.270**).

The band 420-450 MHz is also allocated to the radiolocation service on a
primary basis and is used for telemetry, telecommand and long-range
surveillance by land, ship and airborne stations for early missile
warning, detection of low-observable targets, and the tracking of all
objects in Earth orbit. The band 450-470 MHz is used by the Fixed,
Mobile and Mobile-Satellite services.

Studies to date have shown the potential for interference between EESS
(active) sensors, and amateur stations when the SAR is in the line of
sight of amateur stations, and specifically in the band 435-438 MHz,
which would be the worst-case scenario for the amateurs.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW**: The U.S. opposes this allocation in the band
420-470 MHz unless it can be shown that the EESS (active) sensors do not
cause harmful interference to amateur systems and stations. (16 April
2001)

**WRC-2003 Advisory Committee**

**IWG-7**

**DRAFT RECOMMENDED PROPOSAL**

### Reference: Agenda Item 1.1

WRC-95 added footnote **S5.389D** to the Table of Allocations in the
simplified Radio Regulations adopted by that Conference. Since the date
specified in the footnote has come and gone, the United States is of the
view that its name can be deleted from this provision in accordance with
Resolution 26 (WRC-97). Consequently, the following modification is
proposed:

> **MOD S5.389D** In Canada ~~and the United States~~ the use of the
> bands 2 010-2 025 MHz and 2 160-2 170 MHz by the mobile-satellite
> service shall not commence before 1 January 2000.
>
> **Reason:** Footnote is overcome by date and is no longer needed.

WRC-2003 Advisory Committee

IWG-7

DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.30\[b\]:** to consider possible changes to the
procedures for the advance publication, coordination and notification of
satellite networks in response to Resolution 86 (Minneapolis, 1998)

**ISSUE \[b\]**: **Coordination-Arc Approach -** Potential modifications
to Articles S9 and S11 of the Radio Regulations (RR) and associated
appendices to the RR (e.g., Appendix S4) with respect to the
coordination-arc approach.

**BACKGROUND**: Resolution 86 (Minneapolis, 1998) resolves to request
WRC-2000 and subsequent WRCs to continually review and update the
advance publication, coordination and notification procedures, including
the associated technical characteristics, and the related Appendices of
the Radio Regulations, so as to ensure that they reflect the latest
technologies, as well as to achieve additional simplification and cost
savings for the Radiocommunication Bureau and administrations.

WRC-2000 implemented a coordination-arc approach to replace the Appendix
S8 (T/T) coordination threshold, in certain frequency bands, in
determining which administrations and networks are affected by a network
entering the coordination phase. The coordination-arc approach affects
the 6/4, 14/11, and 30/20 GHz "commercial" satellite bands. The
determination of the need for coordination between GSO FSS networks is
based on coordination arcs of 10 degrees, in the bands 3 400-4 200 MHz,
5 725‑5 850 MHz (Region 1) and 5 850-6 725 MHz, 9 degrees in the bands
10.95-11.2 GHz, 11.45-11.7 GHz, 11.7‑12.2 GHz (Region 2), 12.2-12.5 GHz
(Region 3), 12.5‑12.75 GHz (Regions 1 and 3), 12.7‑12.75 GHz (Region 2),
and 13.75-14.5 GHz, and 8 degrees in the bands 17.7-20.2 GHz and
27.5-30.0 GHz about the nominal orbital positions of those networks. An
administration may request that a co-frequency GSO FSS satellite network
outside the coordination arc be included in coordination when the
administration can demonstrate by analysis that the increase in the
system noise due to the proposed network (T/T) exceeds 6%. A
co-frequency GSO FSS satellite network within the coordination arc may
also be excluded from the coordination when the increase in system noise
to the network is less than 6%. Although it is unlikely that WRC-2003
will see an expansion of the coordination-arc concept to FSS other bands
without agreement on the arcs within Study Group (SG) 4, there may be
proposals to expand the arc concept to other bands.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW**: The coordination-arc approach should be limited to
the frequency bands identified by WRC-2000 unless SG4 comes to an
agreement on additional specific FSS bands where the arc concept is
warranted, and develops appropriate coordination arcs for these bands.
The effectiveness of the coordination arc approach in improving
satellite network coordination procedures should be demonstrated before
expanding the concept to other bands.

WRC-2003 Advisory Committee

IWG-7

DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.30\[c\]:** to consider possible changes to the
procedures for the advance publication, coordination and notification of
satellite networks in response to Resolution 86 (Minneapolis, 1998)

**ISSUE \[c\]**: **Reduction of Data Requirements -** Potential
modifications to Articles S9 and S11 of the Radio Regulations (RR) and
associated appendices to the RR (e.g., Appendix S4) with respect to the
amount and type of information submitted to the Radiocommunication
Bureau for coordination and notification.

**BACKGROUND**: Resolution 86 (Minneapolis, 1998) resolves to request
WRC-2000 and subsequent WRCs to continually review and update the
advance publication, coordination and notification procedures, including
the associated technical characteristics, and the related Appendices of
the Radio Regulations, so as to ensure that they reflect the latest
technologies, as well as to achieve additional simplification and cost
savings for the Radiocommunication Bureau and administrations.

There is still a 32-month backlog for ITU publication of coordination
special sections for satellite networks. WRC-2003 may see proposals to
simplify the RR procedures to speed up processing of coordination
requests. There has been a proposal within WP4A such that a minimum
amount of information would be sent to the BR for coordination. The WP4A
proposal may proceed successfully through the Study Group process and
become a proposal to WRC-2003.

The idea of the WP4A proposal is to submit to the Bureau only the data
for the most interfering links and the links most sensitive to
interference. This minimum amount of information is all that is needed
by the BR to determine affected administrations or for other
administrations to determine whether they need to be brought into the
coordination procedure. However, in practice administrations need
information in greater detail to effect coordination. Furthermore, it
may be difficult to identify the most interfering and most sensitive
carriers since the carrier parameters of the satellite to which
interference is caused or from which interference is received, the
modulation type, and channel plan may need to be taken into account.

Some satellite operators have found it difficult to obtain clarification
on network characteristics prior to coordinations. Reductions in the
mandatory Appendix S4 coordination/notification information (ApS4/II)
would make it even more difficult to perform the necessary interference
analysis resulting in operators not being fully prepared for
coordination discussions/meetings.

There are other means to simplify the data solely by not requiring
redundant information. Information in the current Appendix S4 filings is
essentially repeated one or more times for the same network (e.g., for
each polarization and for each beam) where the information is identical.
Significantly reformatting the Appendix S4 data to reduce repetition
could lead to a need to modify the ITU software for capturing,
validating and storing the data.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW**: Any reduction in mandatory Appendix S4
coordination/notification information (ApS4/II) should be approached
cautiously so that information essential to interference analyses is not
eliminated. Additionally, any reduction in the ApS4/II data should not
inadvertently eliminate administrations/networks for which coordination
would be required under the existing Radio Regulations and Appendix S4.
The benefits from simplifying or reformatting the Appendix S4 data to
reduce repetition should be carefully weighed against the potential cost
of consequential modifications to the ITU software for capturing,
validating and storing the data. Elimination of redundant information
could be acceptable with appropriate cross-referencing.

WRC-2003 Advisory Committee

**IWG-7**

**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-2003**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 2:** to examine the revised ITU-R Recommendations
incorporated by reference in the Radio Regulations communicated by the
Radiocommunication Assembly, in accordance with **Resolution** **28
(Rev.WRC-2000),** and to decide whether or not to update the
corresponding references in the Radio Regulations, in accordance with
principles contained in the Annex to **Resolution** **27
(Rev.WRC-2000)**;

### ISSUE: Incorporation by reference. {#issue-incorporation-by-reference. .unnumbered}

**BACKGROUND**: A number of provisions of the Radio Regulations make
reference to specific ITU-R Recommendations. As these referenced ITU-R
Recommendations are updated at future meetings, it is then necessary for
WRCs to review the corresponding Radio Regulations to see if the
references they contain should be revised to reflect the new version.
WRC-2000 revised the process of incorporation by reference and narrowed
the purview of the standing agenda item. **Resolution 27**
**(Rev.WRC-2000)** contains principles and procedures for use of
incorporation by reference in the Radio Regulations. As revised by
Istanbul, proposals to clarify the status of references (*i.e.,* whether
mandatory or non-mandatory) or to add wholly new references may only be
considered where relevant to a specific substantive WRC agenda item.
**Resolution 28** **(Rev.WRC-2000)** directs WRCs to review ITU-R
Recommendations incorporated by reference in the Radio Regulations that
have been revised during the elapsed study period (based on the list to
be provided by the Radiocommunication Assembly). To facilitate this
task, the Director is instructed to present to the CPM prior to the WRC
an initial list of those recommendations incorporated by reference that
have been, or are likely to be, revised in time for the WRC.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW**: WRC-2003 should follow the incorporation by
reference process in **Resolutions 27** and **28 (Rev.WRC-2000)**. It
should, in accordance with **Resolution 28**, review those revised ITU-R
Recommendations listed by the Director to the CPM and communicated by
the Radiocommunication Assembly to the WRC to determine whether the
updated version should be incorporated by reference in the Radio
Regulations in place of the previous version.

**Document IWG-2/005**

**Authors: A. Renshaw**

**E.Miller**

**April 18, 2001**

WRC-03 ADVISORY COMMITTEE

DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03

WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.20: to consider additional allocations on a
worldwide basis for the non-GSO MSS with service links operating below
1 GHz, in accordance with Resolution 214 (Rev.WRC-2000)

**ISSUE:** Additional allocations at WRC-03 for non-GSO MSS (Little LEO)
service uplinks below 1 GHz.

**BACKGROUND:**

Non-GSO MSS below 1 GHz systems have been implemented and additional
systems are planned to initiate service before WRC-03. Spectrum needs
have been identified in CPM 99 in the range of 17 MHz for service links,
and 4 MHz for feeder links. ITU-R studies conducted at several
frequencies below 1 GHz (148-149.9 MHz and 450-470 MHz) have shown that
frequency sharing is technically feasible with terrestrial allocations
under certain technical and operating constraints such as:

-   limiting the duration of burst transmissions by the MSS,

-   limiting the duty cycle of transmissions,

-   time constraints before reuse of an uplink frequency,

-   use of dynamic channel assignment techniques (as referenced in ITU-R
    Rec. M. 1039)

Currently operating non-GSO MSS systems below 1 GHz continue to
demonstrate the practical feasibility of co-frequency sharing in the VHF
band with fixed and mobile systems similar to those in other fixed and
mobile bands below 1 GHz. Already completed ITU-R studies on MSS and
terrestrial system frequency sharing have resulted in sharing models to
be applied (Rec. M.1039), technical characteristics of MSS systems (Rec.
M. 1184), technical characteristics of land mobile systems (PDNR
8A/\[LMS.CHAR\]), and sharing criteria for MSS and terrestrial systems.
Sharing study results have been included in the CPM Reports to WRC-97
and WRC-00. Additional studies are planned for completion prior to
WRC-03. Completed sharing studies since 1995 include:

a.  A NGSO system operating in the 460 MHz band vs. a modeled land
    mobile analogue system (or digitally modulated, binary-FSK system)
    in which the worst case interference would reduce the land mobile
    availability less than 0.1 %, or from 99.0 to 98.9 %. The mean time
    between interference events for a land mobile user with 0.01 Erlangs
    of traffic was calculated to range from 10 hours to 21 months, which
    is much less than 0.1% decrease in channel availability.

b.  Using a different non-GEO MSS network operating in a portion of the
    450-470 MHz band, and constraints similar to those now used in the
    148-149.9 MHz band, another study concluded that shared access to a
    minimum of 4 MHz of spectrum by five non‑voice, non‑GSO MSS can meet
    the modelled land mobile service (LMS) protection requirements.

c.  A third study analyzed non-GSO interference to active remote pickup
    unit (RPU) channels linked to a sound broadcasting station in an
    urban noise environment (assumed to be ‑138 dBW). The remote unit
    antenna height was 15 m and the base station receiving antenna
    height was 60 m. The simulation results showed that the probability
    of interference was 0.00015% (due to one interfering non‑GSO MSS
    system). This is equivalent to a single short, one-half second,
    interference event every four days, assuming that the RPU is
    operating continuously for that period.

d.  Studies of sharing between an MS system and the mobile units and the
    base stations of two digital trunked land mobile systems which may
    be deployed in Region 1 and other countries, and in Region 2. Four
    different geographical regions were used in the studies, Europe,
    North America, South America, and Central America & Caribbean. For
    the range of parameters studied, the maximum probability of
    interference into a single terrestrial link was 0.0030% for the
    first system and 0.0027% for the second system. . The results may be
    viewed as 99% channel availability being reduced to 98.9970% for the
    highest probability of interference in the cases studied.

e.  Other studies were performed on two kinds of land mobile wireless
    systems used by broadcasting utilities. One of these systems is used
    in one administration for monitoring of incoming signals 24 hours
    per day at base stations located at an altitude of up to 1 000 m.
    Additional interference due to MES transmissions in the presence of
    a waiting mode receiver may increase the number of times that the
    squelch is activated and decrease the lifetime of the squelch relay
    to some extent. Some MES transmissions may be too short to activate
    the squelch circuit.

At WRC-95 and WRC-97 limited regional and country footnote allocations
to the non-GSO MSS were made in 454-456 MHz and 459-460 MHz. Although
this was a useful first step, these bands must be converted to worldwide
allocations for the non-GSO MSS to be viable for these global systems.
Due to the shared nature of these uplink bands and the permissive
sharing techniques employed by the non-GSO MSS systems, additional
worldwide allocations are needed for service uplink bands. Additional
bandwidth allocated to the MSS will insure that the non-GSO MSS systems
will be able to find adequate channels, while maintaining a very low
probability of interference to other systems sharing that spectrum.

**PRELIMINARY VIEW**: Additional worldwide allocations for shared
non-GSO MSS uplink service use should be made at WRC-03. The U.S.
believes that the NVNG MSS \< 1 GHz systems have proved their ability to
share effectively in the 148.0-149.9 MHz band, and that studies
completed in the ITU-R Study Groups have further confirmed the ability
of Little LEO systems to share service uplink channels with fixed and
mobile systems in other frequency bands under similar conditions. The
U.S. view on Agenda Item 1.20 includes:

-   Additional allocations for service uplink channels are urgently
    needed to maintain the viability of multiple non-GSO MSS systems due
    to the sharing of uplink frequencies with other services. For this
    reason, uplink channels are more urgently needed at this time than
    downlink service channels.

-   Numerous sharing studies have been done to support additional
    allocations. Studies on sharing with specific systems are planned
    for completion prior to WRC-03. (04/18/2001)

February 27, 2001

Donald Abelson

Chief of the International Bureau

Federal Communications Commission

445 12th Street SW

Washington, D.C. 20554

Donald Abelson:

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration on behalf
of the Executive Branch Agencies, has approved the release of several
draft United States Preliminary Views for WRC-2003. Some of our initial
preliminary view documents only contain background information at this
time. We will continue to develop our inputs for the \"U.S View\"
section on all the preliminary views and provide them at a later time.
The enclosure containing our preliminary views is forwarded for review
by your WRC-2003 Advisory Committee. Karl Nebbia from my staff will
contact Julie Garcia and reconcile any differences.

> Sincerely,
>
> ***(Signed February 27, 2001)***
>
> William T. Hatch
>
> Associate Administrator
>
> Office of Spectrum Management

# Enclosure {#enclosure .unnumbered}

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.1**: requests from administrations to delete
their country footnotes or to have their country footnotes deleted from
footnotes, if no longer required, in accordance with Resolution **26
(Rev. WRC-97)**;

**ISSUE:** Deletion of Footnotes to the Table of Frequency Allocations
in Article **S5** of the Radio Regulations

**BACKGROUND:** Resolution **26** **(Rev.WRC-97)** urges administrations
to review footnotes periodically and to propose the deletion of their
country footnotes or of their country names from footnotes, as
appropriate.

**U.S. VIEW:** In dealing with this agenda item, the U.S. supports the
application of the approach used at WRC-2000. (February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.2:** to review and take action, as required, on
No. **S5.134** and related Resolutions **517 (Rev.WRC-97)** and **537
(WRC-97)** and Recommendations **515 (REV.WRC-97), 517 (Rev. WRC-2000),
519 (WARC-92)** and Appendix **S11,** in the light of the studies and
actions set out therein, having particular regard to the advancement of
new modulation techniques, including digital techniques, capable of
providing an optimum balance between sound quality, bandwidth and
circuit reliability in the use of the HF bands allocated to the
broadcasting service;

**ISSUE:** Preparing the regulatory way for the introduction of digital
modulation use in the HF broadcasting bands.

**BACKGROUND:** Starting around 1995, active design and experimentation
is being done on the use of digital modulation techniques for use in all
the broadcasting bands below 30 MHz. Because of the special
international broadcasting role at HF, documentation of an essentially
regulatory nature began to be introduced within the ITU-R, initially
through Study Group 10 (now Study Group 6).

WRC-97, in response to the development up to that time of digital
modulation for HF broadcasting, modified some of the articles,
resolutions and recommendations pertinent to HF broadcasting. There was
no agenda item at WRC-00 associated with HF broadcasting.

The future agenda item committee at WRC-00, however, approved this
agenda item for WRC-03 as a comprehensive item to permit WRC-03 to
modify all the relevant ITU-R material cited in the agenda item in order
to pave the regulatory way for the introduction of digital radio in the
HF bands. This is being done at this time so as not to delay the
introduction of improved radio in these bands beyond the time when
industry will be able to have consumer radios on the market.

The collection of articles, resolutions and recommendations cited in the
agenda item relate to:

-   Access to WARC-92 extension bands for HFBC

-   New system parameters, transmitter and receiver surveys,
    manufacturing implementation

-   Protection ratios

-   Cessation of double sideband analog modulation

(February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.3**: to consider identification of
globally/regionally harmonized bands, to the extent practicable, for the
implementation of future advanced solutions to meet the needs of public
protection agencies, including those dealing with emergency situations
and disaster relief, and to make regulatory provisions, as necessary,
taking into account Resolution 645 (WRC 2000);

**ISSUE:** The primary issues within this agenda item are: Do the issues
raised in the **Resolution 645** require global harmonization of
spectrum. If so, what are the spectrum requirements for public
protection and disaster relief? If global harmonization would be
beneficial, what are the appropriate mechanisms for facilitating it?

BACKGROUND: WRC-2000 established Agenda Item 1.3 to consider
identification of globally/regionally harmonized bands, to the extent
practicable, for implementation of future advanced solutions to meet the
needs of public protection agencies, including those dealing with
emergency situations and disaster relief, and to make regulatory
provisions, as necessary. WP8A was designated as having responsibility
to undertake appropriate studies related to public protection and
disaster relief and report the results of these studies to WRC-03. In
order to help facilitate the study of Agenda Item 1.3, WP8A circulated a
questionnaire to gather requirements for public protection and disaster
relief communications, develop a methodology for estimating spectrum
requirements and identify appropriate frequency bands. In addressing
whether or not spectrum should be identified for public protection or
disaster relief services, consideration should be given as to whether
those services should be given the benefit of extraordinary protection
at the expense of other services, as is provided for \"public safety\"
services. This could vary on a band-by-band or case-by-case basis.

Resolution 645 does not ask for a specific Recommendation, Resolution,
or a Report, however; Resolution 645 does request the development of a
draft resolution identifying the technical and operational basis for
cross-border circulation. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.4:** to consider the results of studies related
to Resolution **114** (**WRC-95**) dealing the use of the band
5 091-5 150 MHz by the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) (limited
to Non-GSO MSS feeder links) and review the allocations to aeronautical
radionavigation service and the fixed-satellite service in the band
5 091-5 150 MHz;

Resolution **114** (**WRC-95**) Use of the band 5 091-5 150 MHz by the
fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) (limited to feeder links of the
Non-Geostationary Mobile-Satellite Service)

**ISSUE**: WRC-2003 will review the results of studies on the technical
and operational issues related to sharing of the band 5 091-5 150 MHz
between the aeronautical radionavigation service and the fixed-satellite
service providing feeder links of the non-geostationary mobile-satellite
service (Earth-to-space). Are there requirements for MLS to use spectrum
above 5 091 MHz, if yes, in what time frame? To what extent have MSS
feeder links used spectrum to-date in the range 5 091-5 150 MHz? Would
the MSS feeder links coexist with ARNS on a secondary basis or is there
transition of feeder link use expected to frequencies above 5 150 MHz?
Are revisions required to the current regulatory provisions (footnotes
**S5.444** and **S5.444A** and Resolution **114 (WRC-95)** and if so,
what revisions?

**BACKGROUND**: Resolution **114 (WRC-95)** requested ITU-R to study
issues concerning sharing between Aeronautical Radionavigation Service
(ARNS) and feeder links to Mobile Satellite Service (MSS)
(Earth-to-space) in the band 5 091-5 150 MHz and to report results of
the studies to WRC-2003. The use of this band by Microwave Landing
Systems (MLS) and MSS feeder links is subject to footnotes **S5.444**
and **S5.444A,** in particular the following conditions apply:

1)  prior to 1 January 2010, the use of the band 5 091-5 150 MHz by
    feeder links of non-geostationary-satellite systems in the
    mobile-satellite service shall be made in accordance with
    **Resolution 114 (WRC-95)**;

2)  prior to 1 January 2010, the requirements of existing and planned
    international standard systems for the ARNS which cannot be met in
    the 5 000-5 091 MHz band, shall take precedence over other uses of
    this band;

3)  after 1 January 2008, no new assignments shall be made to stations
    providing feeder links of non-geostationary mobile-satellite
    systems;

4)  after 1 January 2010, the fixed-satellite service will become
    secondary to the ARNS.

Sharing studies between NGSO/MSS feeder links and microwave landing
systems resulted in ITU-R Recommendation S.1342 \"Method for determining
coordination distances, in the 5 GHz band, between the international
standard microwave landing system in the aeronautical radionavigation
service and non-geostationary mobile satellite service stations
providing feeder uplink services.\" These studies showed that
compatibility between MLS receivers and MSS feeder links
(Earth-to-space) could exist if sufficient geographical separation
exists between the two stations. As a result, Recommendation S.1342 was
adopted to trigger coordination between the two operators to determine
the acceptability of an MSS site, possibly with or without restrictions.
(February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.5:** To consider, in accordance with Resolution
736 (WRC-2000), regulatory provisions and spectrum requirements for new
and additional allocations to the mobile, fixed, Earth
exploration-satellite and space research services, and to review the
status of the radiolocation service in the frequency range 5 150-5 725
MHz with a view to upgrading it, taking into account the results of
ITU-R studies;

**ISSUE:** The technical feasibility of accommodating all of the
requests for new and additional allocations for the mobile, fixed
(Region 3), Earth exploration-satellite (EESS) and space research (SRS)
services and also the upgrade of the radiolocation allocation in a
limited amount of spectrum.

**BACKGROUND**: At WRC-2000 there were several proposals for items to be
placed on the WRC-03 Agenda dealing with spectrum in the 5 GHz range.
These items included new and additional allocations to the mobile (for
Radio Local Area Networks (RLAN)), fixed (for Fixed Wireless Access
(FWA) in Region 3), Earth exploration-satellite and (active) and space
research (active) services. Also, an upgrade of the radiolocation
allocation in 5 350-5 650 MHz was proposed. These were combined into one
agenda item, since the possible allocation to any one of these services
would affect the potential allocation of one or more of the other
services within this frequency range.

Technology has evolved to the point where wireless networks can be
readily and inexpensively deployed to support the businessman or student
that is in a campus environment. These devices are becoming widely used
in some parts of the world, particularly in North America and Europe.
The U.S. domestic allocation table already allows for the use of Radio
LAN and FWA devices on a non-interference basis in the 5 150-5 350 and
5 725-5 825 MHz bands. These devices have power level and antenna gain
restrictions on them to protect the existing services. Europe has also
implemented these devices in similar spectrum, also with significant
usage restrictions. Preliminary studies indicate that without these
restrictions, sharing between the existing services and RLANs is not
feasible. It is also expected that similar restrictions on FWA systems
will be necessary to protect the EESS and SRS. For, example, studies
show that presence of outdoor wireless access system transmitters can
cause significant interference to spaceborne active sensors that operate
in the EESS and SRS. In addition, the ITU-R has concluded that
restrictions are also necessary to protect the MSS feederlinks in
the5 150-5 250 MHz band. Lastly, preliminary ITU-R studies of
radiolocation sharing with FWA have shown that large separation
distances or other mitigation techniques such as receiver standards or
error-correction coding are required to prevent mutual interference.

Active microwave sensors on board spacecraft are an increasingly
important tool for monitoring the Earth\'s environment and oceans
through the determination of wave height and oceanic currents as well as
for radar imaging of the Earth's surface. The need for an additional 110
MHz of spectrum adjacent to the current international allocation from
5 250 -- 5 460 MHz is well documented within the ITU-R. The member space
agencies of the Space Frequency Coordination Group (SFCG) have reviewed
requirements for the various active sensor measurements, including
TOPEX/POSEIDON and JASON. They have recognized the requirement for an
extension of the existing allocated primary band (5 250 - 5 460 MHz) for
enhanced vertical resolution for spaceborne altimeters and enhanced
horizontal resolution for synthetic aperture radars (SARs). Previous
studies and past operational experience has shown that operation in
bands allocated to the radiolocation, radionavigation and aeronautical
radionavigation services has proven to be feasible. Although further
study is needed to confirm that this true in the 5 460 -- 5 570 MHz
band, ITU-R preliminary studies indicate that this is the case.

WRC-97 first considered the possibility of an allocation upgrade for the
radiolocation service in the 2.9-3.4 GHz and 5.35-5.65 GHz bands by
placing this matter on the draft WRC-2001 Agenda. A need of 600 MHz of
additional primary radiolocation spectrum for radiolocation systems has
been determined. Changes in technology are driving the need for larger
bandwidth in order to be able to pick smaller and less reflective radar
targets out of background clutter. Experience has shown that the
radiolocation service can successfully share the band 5 350-5 650 MHz
with radionavigation and EESS/SRS active systems. In fact studies of
sharing between radiolocation and active space borne sensors carried out
for CPM-97 by JWP-7-8R generally support such sharing.

**U.S. VIEW:** Based upon the long history of successful co-band
operations and the JWP 7-8R studies, it should be possible to achieve
the upgrade for radiolocation with the incumbent services. By the same
reasoning, the EESS extension in the 5 460-5 570 MHz band is also
feasible. It is possible for radiolocation, EESS/SRS and MSS feederlinks
to share with communications systems such as RLANs in the mobile service
or FWA in the fixed service, but that restrictions will need to be
placed upon the RLAN and FWA systems to protect the other services.
(February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

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**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.6:** to consider regulatory measures to protect
feeder links (Earth-to-space) for the mobile-satellite service which
operate in the band 5 150-5 250 MHz, taking into account the latest
ITU-R Recommendations (for example, Recommendations ITU-R S.1426, ITU-R
S.1427 and ITU‑R M.1454);

**ISSUE**: MSS Feeder Links at 5 150--5 250 MHz

**BACKGROUND**: The proliferation of radio local area networks (RLANs)
poses a serious threat to mobile-satellite service feeder links in the
5 150--5 250 MHz frequency band. The RLANs require neither licensing nor
coordination, so identification of sources is difficult or impossible
when interference occurs. Moreover, enforcement of aggregate
interference power limits is very problematic. The Recommendations
listed in the Agenda Item, however, provide guidance for addressing the
problems. Recommendation ITU-R S.1426 provides recommended levels of
aggregate power flux-density for RLANs visible to an NGSO spacecraft
with full Earth coverage, though the case of spot beam antennas requires
further study. Recommendation ITU-R S.1427 states that the rise in
satellite noise temperature *T/T* should not exceed 3%. Furthermore,
RLANs transmitters should be operated indoors, according to
Recommendation ITU-R M.1454, which also provides information for sharing
studies. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW**:

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.7:** To consider issues concerning the amateur
and amateur satellite services;

**ISSUE:** Issues concerning Amateur Radio - 1.7.1 possible revision of
Article S25

**BACKGROUND**: This item was prompted by a proposal at WRC-95 to delete
the requirement for amateurs to demonstrate Morse code capability to be
licensed to operate on amateur bands below 30 MHz. At that WRC, the
International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) requested a delay because it
needed to consult its three regional organizations, which meet in turn
over a three-year period. This consultation has taken place and IARU
provided an input document to Working Party 8A at its 1999 meeting and
made a further input at WP 8A\'s 2000 meeting. The inputs resulted in a
Draft New Recommendation adopted at SG 8. The DNR establishes minimum
qualifications for amateur operators and provides for knowledge of
various methods of radiocommunication including radiotelegraphy but does
not specify Morse code. The draft CPM text generated by WP 8A in
November 2000 says that the Morse code provision could be suppressed by
WRC-2003 and the DNR could be considered for possible incorporation by
reference.

Other provisions of Article S25 that are to be addressed under this
agenda item are provisions concerning third party traffic and reciprocal
operating agreements. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.7:** To consider issues concerning the amateur
and amateur satellite services;

**ISSUE:** Issues concerning Amateur Radio - **1.7.2** review of the
provisions of Article S19

**BACKGROUND:** This item is concerning the formation of call signs in
the amateur services in order to provide flexibility for
administrations. This item arose at WRC-2000 as the result of a proposal
to provide more flexibility in amateur station call sign structure,
especially to commemorate special events. Some administrations already
allow special event call signs for temporary use. Many administrations
interpret the use of **S19** differently**,** which is the temporary use
of call signs. However, some administrations want to have the Radio
Regulations to be explicit in the use of temporary call signs. WP8A has
developed a flexible structure by replacing "three letters" by "four
characters" the last of which would be a letter. This change would
considerably expand the number of possible call sign combinations and
provided Administrations with increased flexibility without creating
conflict with the call sign formats specified for stations in other
services. (February 7, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.8.1:** consideration of the results of studies
regarding the boundary between spurious and out-of-band emissions, with
a view to including the boundary in Appendix **S3**;

**ISSUE**: Boundary Between the Out-of-Band and Spurious Domains

**BACKGROUND**: While the intent of the unwanted emission limits in
Appendix **S3** is that they would apply to spurious emissions, it is
not generally feasible to distinguish between out-of-band and spurious
emissions as defined by Article **S1**. Therefore, the limits are
applied to all unwanted emissions further removed from the center
frequency than a specified *boundary*. This boundary is generally 250%
of the necessary bandwidth.

Task Group 1/5 recognized that, since spurious emissions can occur
anywhere outside the necessary bandwidth of an emission, no boundary
actually exists between out-of-band and spurious emissions. TG 1/5
solved this problem by defining the out-of-band and spurious *domains*,
disjoint frequency ranges specified such that out-of-band or spurious
emissions generally predominate within them. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW**:

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

#  {#section-1 .unnumbered}

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.9:** to consider Appendix **S13** and
Resolution **331 (Rev.WRC-97)** with a view to their deletion and, if
appropriate, to consider related changes to Chapter SVII and other
provisions of the Radio Regulations, as necessary, taking into account
the continued transition to and introduction of the Global Maritime
Distress and Safety System (GMDSS);

**ISSUE:** Review of Appendix **S13** (Distress and Safety
Communications (non-GMDSS)) with the view of deleting duplicate or
unneeded provisions.

**BACKGROUND:** In accordance with the International Convention for the
Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, as amended, all ships subject to
this convention were fitted for the Global Maritime Distress and Safety
System (GMDSS) by 1 February 1999. GMDSS changed maritime distress and
safety communications from essentially a ship-to-ship to primarily a
ship-to-shore system. This change was based on the theory that a
properly established shore facility could better organize a search and
rescue effort. It further changed a highly manpower intensive system to
one with considerable automation. During the transition period to full
implementation of the GMDSS, the RR had dual provisions; **S13**
includes the non-GMDSS provisions. Since the GMDSS provisions are
applicable only to SOLAS vessels, there are a considerable number of
maritime vessels that are not fitted with the automated communications
systems, necessitating some continued operation on frequencies and modes
used prior to the implementation of GMDSS. Support of the old and new
distress and safety systems for an extended period of time is cost
prohibitive. Many administrations have worked to increase fitting of
GMDSS elements (e.g., radios incorporating DSC functions and satellite
EPIRBs) on non-SOLAS vessels through rule-makings for specific classes
of vessels and equipment certification requirements. This agenda item
would review the requirements included in **S13** with the expectation
of time-phased deletion of some of the non-GMDSS requirements. (February
7, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.10.1:** to consider the results of studies, and
take necessary actions, relating to exhaustion of the maritime mobile
service identity numbering resource (Resolution **344 (WRC-97))**;

**ISSUE:** Presently Maritime mobile service identities (MMSIs) are
required for many shipboard communications equipment (e.g., DSC, mobile
earth stations). As the number of vessels carrying these systems
increase, the availability of MMSIs have decreased. This is due to the
near exhaustion of available Maritime Identification Digits (MIDs). The
ITU, following established procedures, refuses to provide additional
MIDs until administrations populate the ITU databases and List of Ship
Stations.

**BACKGROUND:** The MMSI (Article **S19**) is a 9-digit number to
uniquely identify ship stations, group ship stations, coast stations and
group coast stations. Three of the nine digits are the Maritime
Identification Digits (MIDs). MIDs represent territory or geographical
area of administrations and are assigned by the ITU. The total possible
number of MMSIs is reduced by a requirement to assign MMSIs ending in
3-zeros to vessels requiring access to certain satellite services.
Additional MIDs are assigned by the ITU based on an administration
exhausting available MMSIs based on the total number of ship stations
entered into the ITU maritime database shown on the ITU List of Ship
Stations. This problem is exacerbated for administrations that do not
normally register non-convention vessels or military vessels in the ITU
List of Ship Stations or other ITU databases. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.10.2:** to consider the results of studies, and
take necessary actions, relating to shore-to-ship communication
priorities (Resolution 348 (WRC-97));

**ISSUE:** A shore-based search and rescue authority has no means to
interrupt or preempt the satellite communications to a vessel in a
distress or safety situation. This communications inability may increase
the probability of lost of life and property.

**BACKGROUND:** At present, when vessels are using their ship earth
stations, it is not possible to send them a distress or safety message
without extremely complex and time-consuming manual intervention at a
land earth station to remove all other shipboard traffic. Although this
is technically possible, it is not practical. In a recent distress case,
the shore-based search and rescue authorities were unable to contact a
vessel because of on-going routine traffic to the vessel. This inability
to preempt lower priority traffic hindered the overall search and rescue
operation. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.12a:** to consider allocations and regulatory
issues related to the space science services in accordance with
Resolution **723 (Rev.WRC-2000)** and to review all Earth
exploration-satellite service and space research service allocations
between 35 and 38 GHz, taking into account Resolution **730 \[COM5/1\]
(WRC-2000)**;

**ISSUE**: Resolution **723 (Rev.WRC-2000)** resolves to recommend that
WRC-03 consider the provision of up to 3 MHz of frequency spectrum for
the implementation of telecommand links in the space research and space
operations services in the frequency range 100 MHz to 1 GHz.

**BACKGROUND**: ITU-R Recommendation **SA.363-5** recommends that
frequencies below 1 GHz are technically suitable for telecommand of
satellites in the space science services operating below an altitude of
2000 km. A deficiency in telecommand (uplink) frequency allocations has
been previously identified, compared to the available telemetry
(downlink) allocations in the 100 MHz to 1 GHz range. This deficiency
was first noted in Resolution **712 (WARC-92)**, repeated in Resolution
**712 (Rev. WRC-95)**, and again in Resolution **723 (WRC-97)**.

This item was originally placed on the WRC-97 agenda due to the
imbalance that exists between telemetry spectrum and telecommand
spectrum in the 100 MHz to 1 GHz region. WRC-97 determined that
insufficient study had been completed to take action on this agenda
item. Sharing studies are currently being carried out within ITU-R WP 7B
to determine whether or not these telecommand links will interfere with
fixed and mobile (to include airborne mobile) systems of other
administrations. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW**:

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.12b**: to consider allocations and regulatory
issues related to the space science services in accordance with
Resolution 723 (Rev. WRC-2000) and to review all Earth
exploration-satellite service and space research service allocations
between 35 and 38 GHz, taking into account Resolution **730/\[COM5/1\]
(WRC-2000)**;

**ISSUE**: To consider incorporating in the Table of Frequency
Allocations the existing primary allocation to the space research
service in the band 7 145 - 7 235 MHz under No. S5.460**.** (Resolution
**723 (Rev.WRC-2000),** *resolves 2*)

**BACKGROUND:** The 7 145 - 7 235 MHz band is allocated by footnote
S5.460 on a primary basis to the space research service
(Earth-to-space), subject to agreement under No. S9.21. The companion
downlink band, 8 400-8 500 MHz, is allocated on a primary basis in the
Table of Frequency Allocations. These bands are used on a worldwide
basis for cross-support in accordance with international agreements
concluded between a number of space agencies. The footnote calling for
agreement under No. S9.21 was originally applied at WARC-79 because the
coordination parameters necessary for earth station coordination were
not agreed at that time. Currently, Appendix S7 contains these
coordination parameters for transmitting earth stations for the space
research service in the 7 145 - 7 235 MHz band. Therefore, the premise
behind requiring agreement under No. S9.21 no longer exists.

Worldwide decisions in the framework of ITU on IMT-2000 core bands
(which include the band 2 110-2 120 MHz allocated to Space Research
Service, Deep Space) are 'de-facto' constraining both the existing space
research service and the planned IMT-2000 systems (see RR S5.388). With
the planned implementation of IMT-2000 starting in 2001, the band
2 110-2 120 MHz will be increasingly difficult to use by the powerful
Earth-to-space links of the space research/deep space service. The space
research service will be forced to migrate all but emergency operations
to an alternative band, i.e., to the existing allocation within 7 145 ‑
7 235 MHz.

**U.S. VIEW:** The U.S. supports the addition of the space research
service (Earth-to-space) to the Table of Frequency Allocations on a
primary basis in the 7 145 - 7 235 MHz band and the modification of
footnote S5.460 to delete everything except the final sentence of the
current footnote. (February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

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**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.12c:** to consider allocations and regulatory
issues related to the space science services in accordance with
Resolution **723 (Rev. WRC-2000)** and to review all Earth
exploration-satellite service and space research service allocations
between 35 and 38 GHz, taking into account Resolution **730/\[COM5/1\]
(WRC-2000)**;

**ISSUE:** To review existing allocations to space science services near
15 GHz and 26 GHz, with a view to accommodating wideband space-to-Earth
space research applications. (Resolution **723 (Rev. WRC-2000),**
*resolves 4*)

**BACKGROUND:** Currently, only the 8 450-8 500 MHz band is available
below 30 GHz for the down-link of broadband data from spacecraft in the
space research service (SRS). The next available band allocated for SRS
use is 37-38 GHz. This band is expected to be heavily utilized for lunar
and planetary missions and additionally may be constrained by deployment
of HDFS. An allocation is needed to support planned high data rate space
research missions (requiring bandwidths up to 400 MHz) that will carry
telescopes and/or other passive instruments used to measure phenomenon
such as the earth's magnetosphere and solar flares. These missions will
be limited in number with no more than an estimated 3-5 satellites per
year worldwide, and will generally be in equatorial orbits with some
geostationary and others at the L1 or L2 libration points.

The 25.5-27.0 GHz band is currently allocated on a worldwide primary
basis to the Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS)
(space-to-Earth). The telecommunications requirements for the SRS (near
Earth missions) are in general similar to those in the EESS and systems
of these services are expected to share ground network resources. There
are no plans for, nor is there any foreseeable need, for broad
distribution of such data. The sharing situation for the SRS with other
services allocated in these bands are expected to be very similar to
those involved between the EESS and these other services and therefore
do not present additional burden to the other allocated services.

Additionally, there is a secondary space research allocation covering
14.5--15.35 GHz. The possibility of upgrading all or part of this
allocation to primary status is under investigation.

**U.S. VIEW:** The U.S. supports the need for additional space research
service downlink spectrum below 30 GHz to facilitate broadband SRS
mission requirements. Either the 14.5 -15.35 GHz or 25.5-27 GHz bands
under study would fulfill the SRS requirements. The U.S. anticipates
submitting a proposal to WRC-2003 for a primary SRS allocation within
the bands under investigation. (February 6, 2001)

Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

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**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.12d**: to consider allocations and regulatory
issues related to the space science services in accordance with
Resolution **723 (Rev. WRC-2000)** and to review all Earth
exploration-satellite service and space research service allocations
between 35 and 38 GHz, taking into account Resolution **730/\[COM5/1\]
(WRC-2000)**;

**ISSUE**: to review the allocations to the space research service (deep
space) (space-to-Earth) and the inter-satellite service, taking into
account the coexistence of these two services in the frequency range
32-32.3 GHz, with a view to facilitating satisfactory operation of these
services. (Resolution **723 (Rev. WRC-2000), *resolves 3)***

**BACKGROUND**: Signals received on Earth from spacecraft in deep space
are extremely weak and highly susceptible to interference of all kinds.
In particular, the presence of near-Earth airborne and spaceborne
interference sources can easily overwhelm the desired (but extremely
weak) signal from deep space. Geographic isolation is not possible in
the case of near-Earth orbiting spacecraft sharing the same band with
space research (deep space). To satisfy present and future science deep
space data return requirements, heavy reliance is being placed on
space-to-Earth links in the 31.8-32.3 GHz band. The lack of
compatibility between the inter-satellite service and the space research
service (deep space) has been demonstrated and is documented in
Recommendation ITU-R SA. 1016.

**U.S. VIEW**: Sharing between the space research service (deep space)
(space-to-Earth) and the inter-satellite service does not appear
feasible. The U.S. anticipates proposing that the inter-satellite
service allocation from 32-33 GHz be modified to exclude the 32-32.3 GHz
band. The U.S. is in the process of removing the inter-satellite service
from this band in its National Table of Frequency Allocations. (February
6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

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**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.12e:** to consider allocations and regulatory
issues related to the space science services in accordance with
Resolution **723 (Rev.WRC-2000)** and to review all Earth
exploration-satellite service and space research service allocations
between 35 and 38 GHz, taking into account Resolution **730
(WRC-2000)**;

**ISSUE**: Resolution **730 (WRC-2000)**, resolves 1 and 2, and review
of all Earth exploration-satellite service and space research service
allocations between 35 and 38 GHz.

1 to invite ITU-R to study sharing between spaceborne precipitation
radars and other services in the band 35.5-35.6 GHz;

2.  to recommend that WRC-03 review the results of those studies and
    consider the removal of the restriction currently contained in No.
    S5.551A on spaceborne precipitation radars operating in the Earth
    exploration-satellite service in the band 35.5-35.6 GHz.

Footnote S5.551A, which places restrictions on the use of the EESS and
SRS (active) allocations in the 35.5-36 GHz band, is to be reexamined to
determine if there is technical justification for its removal.

**BACKGROUND**: The frequency band 35.5 -- 36 GHz is allocated to the
Earth exploration-satellite (active) service on a primary basis limited
by footnote **S5.551A** and is also allocated to the meteorological aids
and radiolocation services on a primary basis. Prior to WRC-97,
operation by radars located on spacecraft on a primary basis was
permitted in the band 35.5--35.6 GHz by footnote **S5.551 (SUP
WRC-97)**. This 100 MHz band is used by precipitation radars located on
spacecraft. Furthermore, studies have shown that sharing between
spaceborne active sensors and radiolocation systems in the band 35.5--36
GHz is feasible, as indicated in § 5.7.2.1 of Chapter 5 of the CPM-97
Report. ITU-R Joint Working Party 7-8R, which studied compatibility
between spaceborne active sensors and other services prior to WRC-97,
noted that in the band 33.4--36 GHz, compatibility analysis between
spaceborne altimeters and scatterometers and terrestrial radars in the
radiolocation service indicated that interference from these spaceborne
active sensors into the radiolocation systems would not exceed the
interference criteria for terrestrial radiolocation systems that are in
normal use. JWP 7-8R also examined the compatibility of active sensors
with radiolocation systems from the aspect of potential interference
from these radiolocation systems into altimeters and scatterometers and
concluded that interference into these sensors would not exceed their
interference criteria. Therefore, JWP 7-8R and subsequently CPM-97
concluded that compatibility between known spaceborne active sensors and
radiolocation systems in the 33.4--36 GHz band existed and that an
allocation of 500 MHz in this frequency range should be made. Therefore,
there was no technical reason behind applying the footnote **S5.551A**
to the table allocation for the Earth exploration-satellite (active) and
space research (active) services in the 35.5-36 GHz band.

With respect to the EESS (passive) and SRS (passive) allocations in the
band 36-37 GHz and the space research service allocation in the band
37--38 GHz, there have been no changes in the requirements for these
allocations, nor have there been changes in the sharing conditions in
these bands that would warrant any changes.

**U.S. VIEW**: The U.S. believes that the footnote **S5.551A** should
not have been applied to the band 35.5--35.6 GHz due to the nature of
the primary allocation by footnote **S5.551 (SUP WRC-97).** Therefore,
the U.S. supports the removal of the restriction currently contained in
footnote **S5.551A** on spaceborne precipitation radars operating in the
Earth exploration-satellite service in the band 35.5-35.6 GHz.
Furthermore, there is no technical basis for the application of footnote
**S5.551A** to the remainder of the allocation from 35.6--36 GHz.
Therefore, the U.S. supports the suppression of footnote **S5.551A**.

Further, the U.S. supports maintaining the allocations to the Earth
exploration-satellite (passive) and space research (passive) services in
the band 36-37 GHz and to the space research service in the band 37-38
GHz without change. (February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

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**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.13**: consider regulatory provisions and
possible identification of existing frequency allocations for services
which may be used by high altitude platform stations, taking into
account No. **S5.543A/S5.5RRR** and the results of the ITU-R studies
conducted in accordance with Resolutions **122 (Rev.WRC-2000)** and
**734/\[COM5/14\] (WRC-2000)**;

**ISSUE**: Matters related to high-altitude platform stations in the
fixed and mobile services

**BACKGROUND:** At WRC-97, the bands 47.2-47.5 GHz and 47.9-48.2 GHz
(which were already allocated for the Fixed Service) were designated for
High-Altitude Radio-Relay Platform Stations (HAPS). WRC-2000 confirmed
this designation and requested that studies continue on regulatory and
sharing issues in these bands. While this designation does not limit the
use of a band by types of services for which it is already allocated, it
does give guidance to administrations wishing to implement specific
service types. Within the U.S., the band 47.2-48.2 GHz is also being
evaluated for Fixed Service use (including HAPS), using sets of two 100
MHz paired channels with each pair being separated by 500 MHz.

WRC-2000 also requested studies of the bands between 18 and 32 GHz on
the feasibility of allocating additional spectrum in Region 3, at the
request of several administrations because rain fade made utilizing the
previously-identified 47 GHz band difficult. In addition, the band
27.5-28.35 GHz to HAPS (HAPS-Earth) was allocated by country footnote on
a non-interference basis. This band was paired with the 31-31.3 GHz band
for Earth to HAPS use, additionally subject to not causing harmful
interference to EESS (passive) and RAS services operating in the
31.3-31.8 GHz band. The footnote urged the identified administrations to
utilize only the 31.0-31.15 GHz band until studies were completed.

The EESS (passive) and RAS service communities are very concerned about
the possibility of interference from HAPS stations in this spectrum. The
31--31.3 GHz band is adjacent to the band 31.3--31.5 GHz passive band
allocated on a primary basis to the Earth exploration-satellite
(passive) and space research (passive) services for passive remote
sensing of the Earth. This passive sensing band is of vital importance
in Earth observation and weather forecasting because it is the reference
band used in conjunction with the unique oxygen absorption bands from
50.2--59.3 GHz. Unwanted interference in this band from out-of-band
emissions from HAPS would be particularly harmful to the remote sensing
use of the band.

In addition to the above, WRC-2000 requested studies on the use of HAPS
in both the fixed and mobile services in bands above 3 GHz allocated
exclusively for terrestrial radiocommunication.

**U.S. VIEW:** Worldwide use of the 31.3--31.5 GHz passive band for
remote sensing of the Earth must be protected. (February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

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**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.14:** to consider measures to address harmful
interference in the bands allocated to the maritime mobile and
aeronautical mobile (R) services, taking into account Resolutions **207
(Rev.WRC-2000)** and **350/\[COM5/12\](WRC-2000**), and to review the
frequency and channel arrangements in the maritime MF and HF bands
concerning the use of new digital technology, also taking into account
Resolution **347 (WRC-97)**;

**ISSUE:** There has been considerable interference to HF frequencies
used by the aeronautical and maritime mobile services for distress and
safety communications. Routine calling is prohibited on channels
allocated for digital selective calling (DSC) under the GMDSS.
Additionally, proposals were made to prohibit routine calling on several
HF frequencies that are not part of the GMDSS and are presently
allocated for distress, safety and calling. Removal of the calling
function may present potential communications difficulties among and
between GMDSS and non-GMDSS fitted vessels.

**BACKGROUND:** In an ongoing effort to reduce interference to HF
distress and safety frequencies used in the GMDSS, previous conferences
determined that general calling should not be made on channels allocated
for distress. Although this may reduce the amount of traffic on these
channels, it reduces or eliminates the ability of vessels to call or
communicate with other vessels for routine purposes. This could occur
since GMDSS fitted vessels are not required to monitor channels outside
the GMDSS requirements (e.g., HF-DSC).

It has additionally been proposed that frequencies 12 290 kHz (channel
1221) and 16 420 kHz (channel 1621) be re-allocated to distress and
safety only (i.e., remove the calling function). Removal of the calling
function would require vessels to increase their monitoring capabilities
(e.g., monitor distress channels and calling channels). (February 6,
2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.17:** to consider upgrading the allocation to
the radiolocation service in the frequency range 2 900-3 100 MHz to
primary;

**ISSUE**: Obtaining sufficient primary spectrum for radiolocation in
the range 2 900-3 400 MHz to support expanding radiolocation operations;
sharing between radiolocation and incumbent services -- radiolocation
and radionavigation.

**BACKGROUND**: WRC-97 (Resolution 722) first considered the possibility
of an allocation upgrade for the radiolocation service in the 2.9-3.4
GHz and 5.35-5.65 GHz bands by placing this matter on the draft WRC-2001
agenda. Changes in technology are driving a need for larger bandwidth in
order to be able to pick smaller and less reflective radar targets out
of background clutter. This upgrade is necessary in view of the
expanding requirements of radiolocation. The radiolocation service,
while recognizing the special needs of radionavigation services noted in
RR S.4.10, has a long successful history of sharing the band 2 900-3 100
MHz with radionavigation systems. The radiolocation service needs this
spectrum to provide primary spectrum contiguous with the band
3 100-3 400 MHz. ITU-R WP8B will conduct studies on technical and
operational issues related to the upgrading of the radiolocation service
allocation taking into account Nos. S5.425, S5.426 and S5.427.

**U.S. VIEW**: Based upon the long history of successful co-band
operations it may be possible to achieve this upgrade for radiolocation
with the incumbent services by regulatory text similar to that contained
in RR S5.448B. However, the situation regarding radiolocation sharing
with communications systems such as FWA in the fixed service, is not
promising. Sharing studies are just now getting under way in the ITU-R.
(February 8, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.19**: to consider regulatory provisions to
avoid misapplication of the non-GSO FSS single-entry limits in Article
S22 based on the results of ITU-R studies carried out in accordance with
Resolution 135 (WRC-2000);

**ISSUE**: The single-entry equivalent power flux-density (epfd) limits
in Tables S22-1 (epfd), S22-2 (epfd), and S22-3 (epfd~is~) of Article
S22 are the sum of the power flux-densities produced at a GSO receive
station by the emissions from all the transmit stations within a
non-geostationary-satellite system. Misapplication of non-GSO FSS
single-entry limits could occur by artificially splitting or combining
the number of transmit stations associated with a non-GSO FSS system.

**BACKGROUND**: WRC-97 adopted, in Article S22, provisional epfd limits
to be met by non-GSO FSS systems in order to protect GSO FSS and GSO BSS
networks in parts of the frequency range 10.7-30 GHz. CPM-99
specifically identified possible misapplication of single-entry limits
as one area that may require possible procedural/regulatory actions. As
stated in the CPM Report to WRC-2000, it was agreed that that such
misapplication would invalidate the entire basis of the derivation of
the single-entry limits. No conclusions were reached by WRC-2000 on the
issue of misapplication of the single-entry epfd limits. Resolution 135
(WRC-2000) was adopted for the purpose of developing criteria and
processes for the resolution of possible cases of misapplication of
non-GSO FSS single-entry limits in Article S22.

**U.S. VIEW:**

1.  It is in the interest of all administrations to avoid any
    misapplication of the single-entry epfd limits. Misapplication could
    distort the regulatory or interference situation by violating the
    assumptions upon which the single-entry epfd limits were based and
    adversely impact the GSO FSS and BSS networks to be protected.

2.  The number of non-GSO FSS systems that can share co-frequency in the
    14/11 and 30/20 GHz bands will be limited. The more homogenous the
    non-GSO FSS system constellation parameters, the greater the number
    of systems that will be able to share co-frequency. Coordination
    under No. S9.12 effectively places the obligation for implementing
    mitigation techniques on the later systems to be filed with the BR.
    Misapplication could reduce the number of competing non-GSO FSS
    systems, make coordination between non-GSO systems more difficult,
    or lead to differing regulatory effects for non-GSO FSS systems
    which meet the limits and those which misapply the limits and should
    be avoided in order to protect compliant non-GSO systems.

3.  The U.S. continues to participate in the technical studies on
    sharing between non-GSO FSS and GSO FSS and BSS networks and review
    the need to adopt regulatory procedures to avoid misapplication of
    the single-entry limits. There have been no apparent cases involving
    potential misapplication of the single-entry epfd limits to date.
    (February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-2003**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.20:** to consider additional allocations on a
worldwide basis for the non-GSO (NGSO) MSS with service links operating
below 1 GHz, in accordance with resolution 214 (Rev WRC-2000);

**ISSUE:** Additional allocations to the NGSO MSS below 1 GHz for
earth-to-space and space-to-earth service links

**BACKGROUND:** WRC-2000 considered proposals for new allocations to the
NGSO MSS below 1GHz. The allocation proposals were made to the
Conference in response to Resolutions 214 and 219. Resolution 214
addressed a broad range of NGSO MSS below 1 GHz allocation issues while
Resolution 219 specifically addressed the potential use of the band
405-406 MHz in the space-to-earth direction.

Resolution 219 was suppressed by the Conference with no allocation made
to the NGSO MSS in the band 405-406. Resolution 214 was revised to take
into account the information considered by the Conference. As currently
written, the NGSO MSS may continue to pursue an allocation within the
band 401-406 MHz under Resolution 214.

This item has been on the agenda for three conferences and has received
little support. Many countries have previously expressed the position
that sufficient spectrum has been allocated to the MSS below 1 GHz to
satisfy market requirements. The band 401-406 MHz must be segmented in
order to allow use by the MSS. While the impact of loss of spectrum in
this band may be small in some countries, the entire band is required
for meteorological operations in many other countries, including the
whole of Europe. Spectrum below 1 GHz is heavily used and no other
options for downlink spectrum have been identified.

Resolution 214 is the single mechanism under which the NGSO MSS below 1
GHz may conduct studies to identify additional spectrum. Resolution 214
resolves that further studies are required on sharing between the NGSO
MSS and other services and invites WRC-2003 to consider the results of
these studies. In addition, the Resolution invites the ITU-R to carry
out the required studies on sharing, study interference mitigation
techniques for sharing between the NGSO NSS and other services, and
bring the results to WRC-2003 for consideration. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.21:** to consider the progress of the ITU-R
studies concerning the technical and regulatory requirements of
terrestrial wireless interactive multimedia applications, in accordance
with Resolution **737 (WRC-2000)** with a view to facilitating global
harmonization;

**ISSUE:** What if any actions are needed by the ITU-R to facilitate the
development of Terrestrial Wireless Interactive Multimedia.

**BACKGROUND:** At WRC-2000, a proposal from several European
administrations indicated a desire to address spectrum for Terrestrial
Wireless Interactive Multimedia technologies and applications. After
much discussion, a very open agenda item was developed to consider a
progress report on the studies related to this issue. Among the items to
be studied are the regulatory means to facilitate the worldwide
harmonization of spectrum for Terrestrial Wireless Interactive
Multimedia, and to review service definitions in the light of
convergence of applications, if necessary.

WRC-2000 also decided that any allocation changes or regulatory work on
this issue would be discussed at WRC-06. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.22:** to consider progress of ITU-R studies
concerning future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000,
in accordance with Resolution 228 (WRC-2000);

*Resolution 228, "Studies to consider requirements for the future
development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 as defined by
ITU-R"*

**ISSUE**: To study spectrum requirements and potential frequency range
suitable for the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond
IMT-2000, and in what time frame such spectrum would be needed. No
action is required by the Conference.

**BACKGROUND**: WRC-2000 considered issues related to IMT-2000,
resulting in the identification of additional spectrum for the
terrestrial component of IMT-2000 in the Radio Regulations S5.317A and
S5.384A. This spectrum was identified in addition to that identified for
initial IMT-2000 deployment at WARC-92 in footnote S5.388. WRC-2000 also
identified existing global MSS allocations as being available for use by
the satellite component of IMT-2000, in accordance with Resolution 225.

In Resolution 228 (WRC-2000), the ITU-R was invited to continue studies
on overall objectives, applications and technical and operational
implementation for the future development of IMT-2000 and system beyond.
These requirements are to be reviewed by WRC-05/06, taking into
consideration the results of ITU-R studies presented to WRC-03.

**U.S. VIEW**: No action is required at WRC-03 on this agenda item.
(February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

##  {#section-2 .unnumbered}

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.23:** to consider realignment of the
allocations to the amateur, amateur-satellite and broadcasting services
around 7 MHz on a worldwide basis, taking into account Recommendation
**718 (WARC-92)**;

**ISSUE:** To have the same spectrum allocation for the
amateur/amateur-satellite services in all three ITU Regions.

**BACKGROUND:** As part of a long standing historical situation, the
amateur/amateur satellite exclusive allocation in Region 2 goes from
7000 to 7300 kHz, while it goes only from 7000 to 7100 kHz in Regions 1
and 3. The other 200 kHz for Regions 1 and 3 are allocated exclusively
to the broadcasting service. The amateur radio community has been trying
to "realign" this "imbalance" for decades. WRC-00 for the first time
specified that the agenda item be on the agenda for the next WRC, in
this case WRC-03.

Although the term "realign" invokes a feeling of ease of accommodation,
this agenda item is liable to be very controversial. It all depends on
the way of looking at how much spectrum to "realign". Through Working
Party 8A, for example, the amateur/amateur-satellite representatives
have documented two alternatives: (a) from 6900 to 7200 kHz for the
amateur/amateur-satellite service and (b) from 7000 to 7300 kHz. It is
unlikely that the broadcasting service community will wish to relinquish
any spectrum, particularly since this spectral region is within the 4 to
10 MHz spectral region, where under WRC-03 agenda item 1.36 the
broadcasters are in effect asking for more spectrum.

It is equally unlikely that the amateur/amateur-satellite service
proponents will propose reducing the amateur/amateur-satellite
allocation in Region 2 so that the "realignment" would take away
spectrum just to have equal amounts for each Region.

Because of the potential impact of such realignment, the agenda item
will most likely become an allocation item involving the other allocated
services. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-03 Agenda Item 1.24:** to review the usage of the band 13.75-14
GHz, in accordance with Resolution 733 (WRC-2000), with a view to
addressing sharing conditions;

**ISSUE**: To determine the sharing conditions affecting the
radionavigation, radiolocation, space research and fixed-satellite
service, several issues must be taken into consideration:

1\) the review of constraints in footnote S5.502 regarding the minimum
antenna diameter of GSO FSS Earth stations and the constraints on the
e.i.r.p. of the radiolocation service,

2\) the potential to disrupt the sharing of the band among the services,
and cause mutual interference between the FSS and the radiolocation,
radionavigation and space research services due to the potential change
in the GSO FSS earth station minimum antenna requirements, and

3\) the requirement for the radiolocation service to operate with a
higher e.i.r.p.

**BACKGROUND:** Prior to WRC-2000, footnote S5.502 contained constraints
such as, e.i.r.p. and antenna size limits on the fixed-satellite service
and e.i.r.p. on the radiolocation service. Footnote S5.503 contained
e.i.r.p. limits on the fixed-satellite service to protect the space
research service. These constraints were intended to accommodate a
delicate sharing of the band among these services. These constraints
were developed based upon the planned use of 13.75-14.0 GHz by
geostationary satellites in the FSS, and were intended to limit the
number of FSS earth stations to the point that sharing could occur,
though a potential for interference from the limited number of earth
stations would still exist. Since the time that the regulatory
constraints were developed, GSO FSS operators have expressed interest in
operating small earth stations. Radiolocation operators have expressed
interest in using higher than currently allowed e.i.r.p. WRC-2000
modified the requirement in S5.503 for the FSS earth stations to use a
minimum e.i.r.p. less than 68 dBW, while ensuring such use will not
impose constraints on RL and RN use of this band. The potential
interference to or additional regulatory limitations upon systems in the
radiolocation, radionavigation and space research services in the
frequency band 13.75-14.0 GHz, can adversely affect their operations.
Also, WRC-2000 extended the current 59 dBW limit in footnotes S5.502 and
S5.503 on e.i.r.p. of RL to all directions of space and limited maximum
e.i.r.p. of non-GSO earth stations to 51 dBW in the band 13.772-13.778
MHz. The conference resolved to study the continued need for a minimum
GSO FSS earth station antenna diameter size and the constraint on the
e.i.r.p. of the radiolocation service.

**U.S. VIEW:** No further relaxation of the limitations upon the FSS as
contained in S5.502, or changes to those WRC-2000 added to S5.503, can
be considered unless ITU-R study results supporting such changes are
available. (February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.27:** to review, in accordance with Resolutions
**\[GT PLEN-1/1\] (WRC-2000)** and **\[GT PLEN-1/3\] (WRC-2000),** the
ITU-R studies requested in those resolutions, and modify, as
appropriate, the relevant regulatory procedures and associated sharing
criteria contained in Appendices **S30** and **S30A** and in the
associated provisions;

**ISSUE:** Studies are required to revise certain procedures and sharing
criteria as a consequence of decisions taken at WRC-2000 with respect to
the bands around 12 GHz (and the feeder links associated with them) for
satellite and terrestrial services.

**BACKGROUND:** WRC-2000 made significant changes in the use of those
bands allocated to the BSS from 11.7 to 12.5 GHz, largely due to the
major re-planning modifications to the Regions 1 and 3 BSS Plans (S30)
and the feeder links (roughly 17.3 to 17.8 GHz (S30A).

In particular, there is a consequential need to determine sharing
criteria and sharing procedures between receiving earth stations in the
BSS (consumer downlink dishes, for example) and transmitting earth
stations and terrestrial stations in these bands for the other services
using these frequencies (BSS, FSS and FS).

Additionally, interregional and inter-service pfd limits were agreed
upon at WRC-00 for Regions 1 & 3 BSS into Region 2 FSS, Region 1 BSS
into Region 3 FSS and Region 2 BSS into Regions 1 & 3 FSS downlinks
under the proviso that these situations would be studied further. The
results of these sharing studies on pfd limits would be reported to
WRC-03.

Presumably, final quantitative values will be established at WRC-03, and
placed in the appropriate parts of Appendices **S30** and **S30A**.
(February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.28:** to permit the use of the band 108-117.975
MHz for the transmission of radionavigation satellite differential
correction signals by ICAO standard ground-based systems;

**ISSUE**: Addition of a new allocation of the band 108 - 117.975 MHz to
the aeronautical-mobile (Route) service to be used only by the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standard Ground-Based
Augmentation System (GBAS), which will provide supplemental signals for
the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) on a co-primary basis with
the aeronautical radionavigation service.

**BACKGROUND**: The augmentation to the GNSS signal is referred to as
the Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS). The GBAS is intended to
complement the ICAO standardized Space-Based Augmentation System (SBAS),
and function together to provide seamless satellite-based navigation for
all phases of flight landings. In practical terms, this means that GBAS
and SBAS will be used to fulfill requirements for en-route navigation
through precision landings. In addition, GBAS will provide the user with
a navigation signal that can be used for all weather surface navigation
capability enabling all weather surface surveillance/traffic management
systems.

The GBAS will broadcast its correction message via very high frequency
(VHF) line-of-sight radio data link from a ground-based transmitter. It
is the VHF data link that requires the new allocation.

The GBAS will provide many benefits for all users. Curved precision
approach paths, which are not supportable using the current instrument
landing systems (ILS), will be possible with GBAS. Approaches will be
designed to avoid obstacles, restricted airspace, noise sensitive areas,
and congested airspace. Unlike current ILS, a single GBAS ground station
will provide precision approach capability to all runway ends at an
airfield, eliminating the need for multiple ILS installations at a
single airport. GBAS may also provide surface navigation at the airport.

Implementation of the GBAS will primarily affect the following users of
the National Airspace System:

-   ***Air Traffic Controllers*:** Controllers will be dealing with a
    seamless navigation system for all phases of flight using GNSS, SBAS
    and GBAS. Controllers will also be able to provide improved surface
    navigation capability to their customers (air carriers, business,
    and general aviation).

-   ***Pilots*:** The GBAS will potentially reduce cockpit workload by
    integrating the GNSS/SBAS/GBAS into primary means of radio
    navigation. GBAS will reduce pilot training requirements by reducing
    the number of required navigation systems onboard.

-   ***Airway Facilities Personnel*:** The number of navigation and
    surveillance systems that must be maintained will be reduced with
    the implementation of the GBAS. The life cycle for the GBAS will be
    twenty years with replacement of hardware every five to seven years.
    This will provide system maintainers with a state of the art system
    that will be more reliable and maintainable. Software will be
    upgraded as required over the GBAS life cycle.

**U.S. VIEW**: The U.S. supports the proposal to allocate the band
108-117.975 MHz to the aeronautical mobile (Route) service (limited to
GNSS ground-based augmentation system) on a primary basis worldwide.
(February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.29**: to consider the results of studies
related to Resolutions 136 \[COM5/3\] (WRC-2000) and 78\[COM5/23\]
(WRC‑2000) dealing with sharing between non-GSO and GSO systems;

**ISSUES**: Resolution 136 (WRC-2000), Frequency sharing in the range
37.5-50.2 GHz between GSO FSS networks and non-GSO FSS systems, invites
the ITU-R to undertake technical, operational and regulatory studies on
sharing arrangements which achieve an appropriate balance between GSO
FSS networks and non-GSO FSS systems in the frequency range
37.5-50.2 GHz.

**BACKGROUND**: Both GSO FSS and non-GSO FSS systems are planned for
operation within the 37.5-42.5 GHz and 47.2-50.2 GHz bands. WRC-2000
took several steps toward harmonized use of the band 37.5-42.5 GHz by
both fixed and fixed-satellite services (FSS). The band 37.5-42.5 GHz is
now allocated to the FSS (space-to-Earth) on primary basis in all three
ITU Regions. WRC-2000 adopted, in Article S21, power flux-density (pfd)
limits on FSS space stations in the band 37.5-42.5 GHz in order to
protect terrestrial services. The pfd limits vary between different band
segments and between geostationary and non-geostationary systems within
each band segment. Sharing studies between GSO FSS networks and non-GSO
FSS systems in the frequency range 37.5-50.2 GHz are underway taking
into account the significant propagation losses at these frequencies,
duration of interference events, differences in planned earth station
antenna sizes, availability requirements, and potential mitigation
techniques such as polarization isolation.

**U.S. VIEW**:

Frequency Sharing in the Range 37.5-50.2 GHz

The U.S. continues to participate in the technical, operational and
regulatory studies on sharing arrangements in order to achieve an
appropriate balance between GSO FSS, non-GSO FSS, space research, and
terrestrial systems in the frequency range 37.5-50.2 GHz.

The U.S. supports the PFD limits as adopted at WRC-2000 for the space
research service use of the 37-38 GHz band. (February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.29:** **to** consider the results of studies
related to Resolutions **138 \[COM5/3\]** **(WRC-2000)** and
**78\[COM5/23\]** **(WRC‑2000)** dealing with sharing between non-GSO
and GSO systems;

**ISSUES:** Resolution **78 (WRC-2000),** *Development of procedures in
case the operational or additional operational limits in Article S22 are
exceeded*, invites the ITU-R to undertake the appropriate regulatory
studies to develop procedures in cases where the single-entry
operational epfd limits in the bands 10.7-12.75 GHz, 17.8-18.6 GHz, and
19.7-20.2 GHz or the single-entry additional operational epfd limits for
3 and 10 meter antennas in the 10.7-12.75 GHz band are exceeded at an
operational GSO earth station.

**BACKGROUND:** WRC-2000 adopted a combination of single-entry
validation, single-entry operational and, for 3 and 10 meter antennas in
the 10.7-12.75 GHz band, single-entry additional operational epfd limits
contained in Article S22, along with the aggregate epfd limits in
Resolution 76 (WRC-2000), which apply to non-GSO FSS systems to protect
GSO networks in the bands 10.7-12.75 GHz, 17.8-18.6 GHz, and 19.7-20.2
GHz. The operational epfd limits were adopted to protect *operational*
GSO FSS networks from interference levels that may result in loss of
synchronization or severe degradation in performance.

Compliance with the operational epfd and additional operational epfd
limits is not subject to verification by the ITU-BR but by individual
administrations. In the case of operational epfd limits, verification
would be made by measurement conducted by administrations and/or their
GSO system operators. A commitment by the administration (and their
non-GSO operator) that the system filed will meet the additional
operational epfd limits is part of the Appendix S4 coordination data. A
non-GSO system causing interference may have to reduce its epfd power
levels towards the affected GSO earth station to meet the single-entry
operational epfd limits unless otherwise agreed by the concerned
administrations. The ITU-R has identified the need to correct, in the
most expeditious manner; any cases where the operational epfd or
additional operational epfd limits are exceeded.

**U.S. VIEW:** The U.S. supports the development of ITU-R
recommendations such as the preliminary draft new recommendation
concerning Methodologies for measuring epfd interference levels from a
non-GSO space station to verify compliance with operational epfd limits
and the draft new recommendation concerning Procedure for the
identification of non-GSO satellites causing interference into an
operating GSO earth station approved during the September 2000 WP 4A
meeting. These recommendations provide the methodologies needed by
administrations and/or their GSO system operators to assess operational
epfd levels and were requested in resolves 1 of Resolution 137
(WRC-2000).

Since compliance with the operational epfd and additional operational
epfd limits is not subject to verification by the ITU-BR but by
individual administrations and because the administration responsible
for the non-GSO must commit that the system filed will meet the
additional operational epfd limit, the responsibility for defining and
implementing the appropriate procedures should be a matter largely left
to individual administrations.

It appears unnecessary for the ITU-R to develop additional procedures or
remedies in the Radio Regulations for cases where non-GSO systems exceed
the operational or additional operational epfd limits. The intent of
Resolution 78 (WRC-2000) is already met by the existing Article S15
provisions (Section V, Reports of Infringements, and Section VI,
Procedure in a Case of Harmful Interference), which may be applied in
order to expeditiously correct any cases where the operational epfd or
additional operational epfd limits are exceeded. (February 7, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

DRAFT UNITED STATES

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.31:** to consider the additional allocations to
the mobile-satellite service in the 1-3 GHz band, in accordance with
**Resolutions 226 (WRC-2000)** and **227 (WRC-2000)**;

**ISSUE**: Allocations to MSS (space-to-Earth) in the 1 518-1 525 MHz
band

**BACKGROUND**: WRC-2000 considered proposals for an allocation to the
mobile-satellite service (MSS) (space-to-Earth) in Regions 1 and 3 in
the frequency band 1 518-1 525 MHz. This band is adjacent to the
1 515-1 559 MHz band in use by GSO MSS operators. An earlier proposal,
using the 1 559-1 567 MHz band considered in response to Resolution
**220 (WRC-97)**, was dismissed by WRC-2000 and this band will not be
considered further for MSS use.

The frequency band 1 492-1 525 MHz is allocated to the MSS
(space-to-Earth) in Region 2 on a primary basis, except in the United
States where, as an alternative allocation, the band 1 452-1 525 MHz is
allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis under the
provisions of No. **S5.344.** No. **S5.343** gives priority in Region 2
to the aeronautical mobile service for telemetry over other uses by the
mobile services. There has been no MSS implemented in the 1 492-1 525
MHz band due to the incompatibility between aeronautical telemetry and
MSS systems.

In Regions 1 and 3, 1 518-1 525 MHz is allocated to the fixed service on
a primary basis, to the mobile service on a primary basis in Region 3,
and to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a primary
basis in Region 1. In a number of countries in Region 1, 1 429-1 535 MHz
is allocated to the aeronautical mobile service on a primary basis
exclusively for the purposes of aeronautical telemetry within their
national territories under the provisions of No. **S5.342.**

WRC-2000 concluded in Resolution 226 that the proposed allocation to the
MSS (space-to-Earth) at 1 518-1 525 MHz due to their potentially
widespread emissions upon the Earth from either geostationary or
non-geostationary systems, could have an impact on the terrestrial
mobile service, including aeronautical mobile and aeronautical mobile
telemetry, in all three Regions. Resolution 226 also states there is a
need to review the pfd values in Appendix **S5** in order to ensure that
they are adequate to protect new point-to-multipoint systems operating
in the fixed service in the band, as well as, a need to study sharing
between the MSS and aeronautical mobile telemetry in all the Regions in
the band.

Recommendation ITU-R M.1459 gives the values needed for protection of
the aeronautical mobile service for telemetry systems in the
1 452-1 525 MHz band from geostationary satellites operating in the MSS.
The required separation distances between co-frequency telemetry and MSS
operations are very large, making the feasibility use of the 1 518-1 525
MHz band by MSS anywhere in the world questionable.

**U.S. VIEW**: Use of the 1 518 to 1 525 MHz band for MSS is
incompatible with aeronautical telemetry and other services in the band.
Therefore, new allocations to MSS should not be made in this frequency
band and consideration should be given to removing the MSS allocation in
Region 2. (February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.31**: to consider the additional allocations to
the mobile-satellite service in the 1-3 GHz band, in accordance with
Resolutions 226 (WRC-2000) and 227 (WRC-2000);

**ISSUE**: Allocations to MSS (Earth-to-space) in the band 1 683-1 690
MHz

**BACKGROUND**: WRC-2000 considered proposals for worldwide allocation
of the band 1 683-1 690 MHz to the MSS (Earth-to-space) in response to
Resolution 213 (WRC-95). The frequency band 1 675-1 710 MHz is allocated
to the MSS (Earth-to-space) in Region 2 on a co-primary basis. However,
the 1 683-1 690 MHz is mainly used by the meteorological-satellite
(MetSat) and meteorological aids (MetAids) services. While there are
only a limited number of main MetSat earth stations operating in this
band in all three Regions, there are a large number of MetSat earth
stations operating in Regions 2 and 3, and the locations of many of
these stations are unknown. Sharing between MetSat and MSS in the band
1 675-1 690 MHz is feasible only if appropriate separation distances are
maintained.

Sharing between MetSat and MSS may not be feasible in those countries
where a large number of MetSat stations are deployed. Recommendation
ITU-R SA.1158-2 indicates that additional studies are required in order
to determine the criteria for coordination between MSS and the MetSat
service for GVAR/S-VISSR stations operated in the band 1 683-1 690 MHz
in Regions 2 and 3.

Other spectrum identified in Resolution 213 included 1 690-1 710 MHz,
however, it has been concluded in the ITU-R that co-channel sharing
between MSS and MetAids is not feasible and that co-frequency sharing
between MetAids and MetSat services is not feasible. WMO has identified
future spectrum requirements for MetAids operations as limited to the
1 675-1 683 MHz portion of the 1 675-1 700 MHz band, but some
administrations will continue to require spectrum in the range
1 683-1 690 MHz for MetAids operations.

The existing Region 2 allocation includes the provision that MSS
operation should not constrain current and future development of the
MetSat service, as specified in No. S5.377. No MSS services have been
implemented under the Region 2 allocation in this band.

Resolution 227 invites the ITU-R to complete technical and operational
studies on the feasibility of sharing between MSS and MetSat, by
determining appropriate separation distances between mobile earth
stations and MetSat stations, including GVAR/S-VISSR stations, in the
band 1 683-1 690 MHz, (Recommendation ITU-R SA.1158-2); and to assess
the current and future spectrum requirements of the MetAids service,
taking into account improved characteristics, and of the MetSat service
in the band 1 683-1 690 MHz, taking into account future developments.

**U.S. VIEW**: MSS is not compatible with existing services in the
1 683-1 690 MHz band and no additional MSS allocations should be made in
this band. Consideration should be given to removing the Region 2
allocation for MSS in this band. (February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

# PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03 {#preliminary-views-on-wrc-03 .unnumbered}

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.31:** to consider the additional allocations to
the mobile-satellite service in the 1-3 GHz band, in accordance with
**Resolutions 226 (WRC-2000)** and **227 (WRC-2000)**;

**ISSUE**: Additional allocations to MSS (Earth-to-space) in the 1- 3
GHz band

**BACKGROUND**: Resolutions 226 and 227 (see other two issues under this
agenda item) call for expanding the frequency bands to be examined in
the event that the studies of the specific frequency band referred to in
these resolutions (1 518-1 525 and 1 683-1 690 MHz) lead to an
unsatisfactory conclusion. The ITU-R is to carry out sharing studies in
order to recommend alternative MSS (Earth-to-space) frequency bands in
the 1-3 GHz range, but excluding the band 1 559-1 610 MHz, for
consideration at WRC-03. The Resolutions go on to state that the MSS
allocations should be on a global basis, preferably in the vicinity of
the existing allocations around 1.5/1.6 GHz.

The spectrum required for additional MSS allocations is not well
defined. Previous ITU-R conference preparatory documentation refers to
an unmet need for additional MSS spectrum. However, in light of recent
developments where many MSS services have not had market success, it is
questionable whether additional MSS is a high priority given other
demands for spectrum.

While the scope of this issue is very broad and could affect many
different spectrum interests, so far only one alternative band has been
identified, 1 670-1 675 MHz for Earth-to-space direction. This band is
included in the preliminary WRC-2003 documentation from the responsible
ITU-R study group, WP8D. This is also the subject of a current U.S.
reallocation proposal in FCC Docket ET-00-221 (FCC NPRM FCC 00-395 at
paragraph 38). This band was identified for aeronautical public
correspondence by WARC-92. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW**:

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.32a:** to consider technical and regulatory
provisions concerning the band 37.5-43.5 GHz, in accordance with
Resolutions **128 (Rev.WRC-2000)** and **84 \[COM5/28\] (WRC‑2000)**;

**ISSUE**: Protection of Radio Astronomy in the 42.5 - 43.5 GHz Band

**BACKGROUND**: The 42.5 -- 43.5 GHz band is allocated to the radio
astronomy service on a primary basis, while the adjoining frequency
bands on the lower side are allocated to the fixed-satellite
(space-to-Earth) and broadcasting-satellite services. To protect the
radio astronomy allocation, WRC--2000 established a new footnote
**S5.551G** providing provisional aggregate power flux-density limits
for space-to-Earth links in the 41.5 -- 42.5 GHz band. These provisional
limits are being reviewed in accordance with Resolution **128**.
(February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW**:

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.32b:** to consider technical and regulatory
provisions concerning the band 37.5-43.5 GHz, in accordance with
Resolutions **128 (Rev.WRC-2000)** and **84 \[COM5/28\] (WRC‑2000)**;

**ISSUE**: PFD Limits in the 37.5--43.5 GHz Band

**BACKGROUND**: Various segments of the 37.5--43.5 GHz frequency band
are allocated to the fixed-satellite, broadcasting-satellite, and
mobile-satellite services on a primary basis. Segments of the band are
also being used for high-density fixed service systems, generally very
short links between antennas at different levels on buildings. Such
links can have large elevation angles; contrary to the usual assumption
for fixed service links, upon which sharing between the fixed and
fixed-satellite services is based. The high-density fixed service links
require power flux-density limits on fixed-satellite service downlinks
that are much more stringent than usual.

WRC--2000 developed power flux-density limits in accordance with Nos.
**S21.16.10** and **S21.16.12** as well as other provisional PFD limits.
Resolution **84** invites review of the PFD limits as well as other
studies of compatibility between the fixed and space services. (February
6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW**:

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.33:** to review and revise technical,
operational and regulatory provisions, including provisional limits in
relation to the operation of high altitude platform stations within
IMT-2000 in the bands referred to in No. S5.388A, in response to
Resolution 221 (WRC-2000);

> *Resolution 221 (WRC-2000), "Use of high altitude platform stations
> providing IMT-2000 in the bands 1885-1980 MHz, 2010-2025 MHz and
> 2110-2170 MHz in Region 1 and 3 and 1885-1980 MHz and 2110-2160 MHz in
> Region 2"*

**ISSUE:** Resolution 221 asks for additional technical, operational and
regulatory studies to be conducted in order to review and, if necessary,
revise the provisional pfd limits. Resolution 221 also asks for
consideration of appropriate regulatory and technical provisions to
allow bilateral coordination of HAPS in IMT-2000 systems with affected
neighboring administrations.

**BACKGROUND:** Provisions for operation of HAPS were originally made at
WRC-97, for HAPS providing FS operations in the 47.2-47.5 GHz and
47.9-48.2 GHz bands (S5.552A). A definition of HAPS was also added to
S1.66A. The use of HAPS as base stations to provide terrestrial IMT-2000
was considered at WRC-2000, resulting in provisions to facilitate this
being added to the Radio Regulations S5.388A. Resolution 221 from
WRC-2000 includes provisional co-channel and out-of-band power
flux-density limits for HAPS operation, for the protection of other
station either sharing the same band or operating in adjacent bands.

Additional ITU-R study is needed to consider compatibility of HAPS
within IMT-2000 with some other services that share portions of these
bands on a co-primary basis. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.34:** to review the results of studies in
response to Resolution **539/\[COM4/6\] (WRC‑2000)** concerning
threshold values for non-GSO BSS (sound) in the band 2 630-2 655 MHz,
and to take actions as required;

**ISSUE:** Sharing criteria needed to accommodate highly elliptical
orbit BSS(sound) systems in a band with co-allocations with the fixed
and mobile services.

**BACKGROUND:** WARC-92 allocated frequencies for the BSS(sound) in the
band 2 535 to 2 655 MHz. Some administrations in Regions 1 and 3
accepted the allocation.

Since WARC-92, until recently, the technical/sharing concentration in
the Study Groups of the ITU-R for BSS(sound) systems have dealt with
systems that would use geo-stationary orbits. Recently, as certain
technical data from studies and experiments were developed, interest has
increased in the use of highly elliptical non-geo-stationary orbits for
a few satellites in the system. Each satellite can spend most of its
orbital period at high elevation angles for locations in medium to high
latitudes. This mitigates against some of the foliage and building
blockage that a geo-stationary satellite faces when serving higher
latitude coverage areas. When properly synchronized a few highly
elliptical orbit satellites will provide continuous coverage service.

Japan is developing such a satellite system for use within the upper 25
MHz of the band from 2 535 to 2 655 MHz allocated at WARC-92.

Sharing criteria are needed for this type of orbital system at these
frequencies. The results of the relevant studies are to be presented to
WRC-03. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.35:** to consider the report of the Director of
the Radiocommunication Bureau on the results of the analysis in
accordance with Resolution **53 (Rev. WRC-2000)** and take appropriate
action;

**ISSUE:** The BR is responsible for analysis that will update the
"remarks" column of tables in Article 9A of Appendix S30A and Article 11
of Appendix **S30**.

**BACKGROUND:** Article 11 of Appendix **S30** contains the specifics of
the Regions 1 & 3 Plans in a table containing 17 columns. A similar
table with 19 columns deals with the feeder links (Appendix S30A). These
two tables are the essence of the Plans.

The last column in each table is called "remarks". There is a numerical
code for the "remarks" column -- 8 possibilities for a downlink and 9
for a feeder link. A "remark" example is "This assignment shall not
claim protection from ..." Most assignments do not have an entry in the
"remarks" column in the old Plan (see WRC-97).

WRC-2000 made a total overhaul of the Regions 1 and 3 Plans by in
general doubling the number of assignments in each Plan per
administration. The BR was responsible for conducting an enormous amount
of work during the Conference to meet a deadline not long before the end
of the Conference so that the Plans could be accepted by the Conference
in Plenary at the end.

The "remarks" column needs to be completed by the BR, first as a draft
to be circulated to administrations. After this review process, the BR
is instructed to present the agreed upon "remark" inclusions in the
tables for review and possible action at WRC-03. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.36:** to examine the adequacy of the frequency
allocations for HF broadcasting from about 4 MHz to 10 MHz taking into
account the seasonal planning procedures adopted by WRC-97;

**ISSUE:** All things considered, do HF international broadcasters need
additional frequency allocations in the lower part of the HF spectrum in
order to serve their listeners with clear signals during all portions of
the 11 year sunspot cycle?

**BACKGROUND:** 790 kHz of additional frequency bands were allocated at
WARC-92 to the HF broadcasting service. Of this amount, only 200 kHz
were allocated in frequencies below 10 MHz. Frequencies below 10 MHz are
the most desirable ones, for propagation reasons, for many circuit
applications, particularly during the several years of low sunspot
activity. This is encountered during the seasonal planning coordination
meetings that precede every six-month HF broadcasting schedule
development. And it is manifest in actual broadcasting where
interference is a severe problem at these lower frequencies and there
also results lower service levels for those broadcasts that have to
accept poorer propagation conditions at the higher frequencies because
of limited capacity below 10 MHz.

Therefore, after WARC-92 broadcasters proposed an agenda item to deal
with this problem. Agenda item 1.36 for WRC-03 has followed from that
initial step many years ago.

Any additional allocation for HF broadcasting will impact on the fixed
service, either by removing the allocation over a period of time or
permitting some level of sharing between the services. This assumes that
the studies on capacity vs. demand, etc. that will be completed for
inclusion in the CPM-02 report show a clear inadequacy of the existing
HF broadcasting service allocations in the HF bands below 10 MHz.

Parenthetically, agenda item 1.23, on alignment of the
amateur/amateur-satellite and broadcasting services around 7 MHz, might
be considered to be a "subset" of this agenda item. (February 22, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.37**: to consider the regulatory and technical
provisions for satellite networks using highly elliptical orbits;

**ISSUES**: Categorization of highly elliptical orbits and definition of
technical and operational parameters of systems using these orbits.
Sharing between non-geostationary orbit (non-GSO) systems using highly
elliptical orbits (HEOs) and lower altitude non-GSOs such as low earth
orbit (LEO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) systems, including mitigation
techniques and coordination criteria. Sharing between non-GSO systems
using HEOs and GSO networks in bands where coordination is required.

**BACKGROUND:** Resolution 721 (WRC-97) recommended to the Council that
resources be provided to include an agenda item for WRC-2000 concerning
quasi-geostationary satellite networks. The Council decided not to
provide the additional resources and the agenda item was not addressed
at WRC-2000. Resolution 800 (WRC-2000) proposed agenda item 8.2 for
WRC-03, which was accepted by the Council-2000 meeting as agenda item
1.37 concerning satellite networks using HEOs.

Many documents have been considered in the ITU-R WP 4-9S, WP 4A, and JTG
4-9-11 on this topic over the past several years. At the September 2000
meeting of Working Party 4A, it was agreed that satellite networks using
HEOs referred to in WRC-03 Agenda item 1.37 are non-GSO systems. The
literal meaning of *highly elliptical* is a high value of eccentricity;
however, WP 4A identified three categories of orbits that, in its view,
are within the scope of this agenda item: high inclination circular
geosynchronous orbits, high inclination elliptical geosynchronous
orbits, and high inclination elliptical orbits with periods that are
fractions of the geosynchronous period. Services other than the
fixed-satellite service may also use HEO orbits.

Sharing among non-GSO FSS systems in the bands 10.7-12.75 GHz, 17.8-18.6
GHz and 19.7-20.2 GHz was studied under WRC-2000 agenda item 1.13. The
results are documented in section 3.1.1 of the Conference Preparatory
Meeting (CPM) Report on and regulatory/procedural matters to be
considered by the 2000 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC).
Sharing between inhomogeneous non-GSO constellations was shown to be
feasible if one or both of the systems employs mitigation techniques. No
conclusions were reached regarding the particular case of inhomogeneous
sharing between non-GSO systems in high altitude (HEOs) and lower
altitude non-GSOs such as LEOs and MEOs and studies are continuing. The
equivalent power-flux density (epfd) limits in Article S22 adopted by
WRC-2000 apply to non-GSO FSS systems in these bands to protect GSO FSS
and BSS networks.

Resolution 137 (WRC-2000) addresses studies relating to the sharing
criteria to be applied during coordination between non-GSO
fixed-satellite service (FSS) systems. Systems with HEOs are one type of
non-GSO being considered in response to Resolution 137. Sharing between
non-GSO FSS systems in HEO and other non-GSO FSS systems in the
frequency bands 17.8-20.2 GHz is being studied in WP 4A with the aim of
identifying interference mitigation techniques to facilitate
coordination and sharing criteria that might be applied during
coordination between non-GSO FSS systems.

**U.S. VIEW:**

1.  The U.S. favors the identification of mitigation techniques and
    sharing criteria which may facilitate coordination between non-GSO
    FSS systems, including HEOs.

2.  The U.S. agrees that satellite networks using HEOs are non-GSOs.
    These networks should continue to be considered on the same, equal
    regulatory basis as other types of non-GSOs such as MEOs and LEOs.

3.  Studies on sharing between non-GSO systems using HEOs and GSO
    networks in bands should continue, recognizing that power limits
    have been adopted in certain bands (e.g., the epfd limits specified
    in the bands 10.7-12.75 GHz, 17.8-18.6 GHz, and 19.7-20.2 GHz
    covered by Article S22). Studies should focus on sharing between
    non-GSO systems, including HEOs, and GSO networks in bands where
    coordination is required.

4.  Understanding of the results of studies being conducted for WRC-03
    agenda item 1.37 will be improved by the use of common definitions
    in ITU-R Recommendations. There is no need to modify the terms and
    definitions in Article S1 of the Radio Regulations. (February 6,
    2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.38:** to consider provision of up to 6 MHz of
frequency spectrum to the Earth exploration-satellite service (active)
in the frequency band 420-470 MHz, in accordance with Resolution **727
(Rev.WRC-2000)**;

**ISSUE**: Use of the frequency band 420-470 MHz by the earth
exploration-satellite (active) service (Resolution **727
(Rev.WRC-2000)**)

**BACKGROUND**: A similar agenda item was debated at WRC-97 resulting in
a decision not to adopt proposed allocations for the Earth
exploration-satellite service in the 420-470 MHz band. The Earth sensing
community has identified that the need for such an allocation, at a
radio spectrum wavelength of approximately one meter, is important
because experiments have shown good correlation of backscatter radiation
with biomass and soil moisture, which are parameters needed for forest
monitoring. The need for such forest monitoring was emphasized at the
United Nations Conference on Economic Development (UNCED) (Buenos
Aires - 1992). Subsequent to UNCED 1992, studies have identified a
minimum bandwidth requirement of 6 MHz to satisfy mission objectives.

Studies to date have shown the potential for interference between EESS
(active) sensors and ground-based radars when in the line of sight of
the ground-based radars. Preliminary studies have also shown that there
is a potential for interference from EESS (active) to airborne radars
operating worldwide.

The amateur community is concerned over possible interference to amateur
operations in the 430-440 MHz band.

**U.S. VIEW**: The U.S. continues to oppose this allocation based on the
grounds that the EESS (active) sensors would interfere with terrestrial
radar systems. (February 6, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.39**: to examine the spectrum requirements in
the fixed-satellite service bands below 17 GHz for telemetry, tracking
and telecommand of fixed-satellite service networks operating with
service links in the frequency bands above 17 GHz;

**Issue**: The use of fixed-satellite service (FSS) bands below 17 GHz
for telemetry, tracking and telecommand (TT&C) of FSS networks operating
with service links in the frequency bands above 17 GHz as a means of
reducing free-space transmission loss and/or atmospheric loss and/or
increasing the aggregate bandwidth available for service.

Background: Propagation conditions and spectrum availability are of
primary consideration when implementing TT&C subsystems, which must meet
high reliability criteria. Some systems utilize the existing Space
Operation Service allocations (all of which are below 3 GHz) for TT&C
while others use part of the FSS allocation occupied by the service link
to perform this function (FSS (space-to-Earth) for space telemetry and
tracking carriers, FSS (Earth-to-space) for telecommand). Many advance
publication and coordination notices for GSO and non-GSO systems in the
FSS bands above 17 GHz have been received by the BR.

WRC-2000 established an agenda item 1.39 for WRC-03 to examine the
spectrum requirements in the FSS bands below 17 GHz for TT&C operation
of FSS networks operating with service links in the frequency bands
above 17 GHz. Transmissions above 17 GHz experience higher free-space
and rain attenuation losses than those below 17 GHz. In addition, the
aggregate bandwidth needed to accommodate the TT&C carriers of FSS
networks with service links above 17 GHz is likely to be substantial.
The use of FSS allocations below 17 GHz may provide another mechanism to
satisfy the TT&C requirements of FSS networks operating with service
links in the frequency bands above 17 GHz. Studies are being performed
in Working Party (WP) 4A and WP 4B in response to agenda item 1.39 and
ITU-R Question 257/4 to determine performance reliability criteria,
differences between TT&C subsystems for networks using service links
above 17 GHz and networks using service links below 17 GHz, additional
coordination burden, and the spectrum requirements.

**U.S. View:**

1.  The U.S. is participating in the technical studies on spectrum
    requirements below 17 GHz for TT&C of FSS networks operating with
    service links above 17 GHz, taking into account the factors above.

2.  Any identification of FSS bands below 17 GHz for TT&C operation of
    FSS networks operating with service links in the frequency bands
    above 17 GHz should be based on technical studies showing sharing is
    feasible with current users of the FSS bands below 17 GHz. (February
    22, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 2:** to examine the revised ITU-R Recommendations
incorporated by reference in the Radio Regulations communicated by the
Radiocommunication Assembly, in accordance with **Resolution 28 (Rev.
WRC-2000)**, and to decide whether or not to update the corresponding
references in the Radio Regulations, in accordance with principles
contained in the Annex to **Resolution 27 (Rev. WRC 2000)**;

**ISSUE:** Incorporation by Reference

**BACKGROUND:** A number of provisions of the Radio Regulations make
reference to the ITU-R Recommendations. As the ITU-R Recommendations are
updated, it is necessary to review the Radio Regulations to see if these
references should be revised. **Resolution 27** clarifies the procedures
for incorporation by reference in the Radio Regulations so that WRC 2003
will be the last general opportunity to review all existing references.
**Resolution 27** and **Resolution 28** must be reviewed together and
limits the WRC to reviewing only those Resolutions and Recommendations
that are linked to national proposals. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT UNITED STATES**

**PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 4**: in accordance with Resolution 95 (Rev.
WRC-2000), to review the resolutions and recommendations of previous
conferences with a view to their possible revision, replacement or
abrogation;

**ISSUE:** General review of the Resolutions and Recommendations of
WARC's and WRC's

**BACKGROUND:** The Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau conducts a
review of the Resolutions and Recommendations indicating their current
status and if any follow up action is needed. (February 6, 2001)

**U.S. VIEW:**

March 27, 2001

Donald Abelson

Chief of the International Bureau

Federal Communications Commission

445 12th Street SW

Washington, D.C. 20554

Dear Mr. Abelson:

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration on behalf
of the Executive Branch Agencies, has approved the release of five
additional Preliminary Executive Branch \[NTIA\] Views considering
federal agency inputs toward the development of U.S. Preliminary Views
for WRC-2003. These preliminary views address WRC-2003 agenda items
1.8.1, 1.8.2, 1.16, 1.27, and 1.35. The preliminary view for agenda item
1.8.2 only contains background information at this time. We will develop
the \"U.S. View\" section for this preliminary view and provide it at a
later time. The enclosure is forwarded for review by your WRC-2003
Advisory Committee. Karl Nebbia from my staff will contact Julie Garcia
and reconcile any differences.

> Sincerely,
>
> **(Signed March 27, 2001)**
>
> William T. Hatch
>
> Associate Administrator
>
> Office of Spectrum Management

# Enclosure {#enclosure-1 .unnumbered}

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

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**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEW FOR WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.8.1:** consideration of the results of studies
regarding the boundary between spurious and out-of-band emissions, with
a view to including the boundary in Appendix **S3;**

**ISSUE**: Boundary Between the Out-of-Band and Spurious Domains

**BACKGROUND**: While the intent of the unwanted emission limits in
Appendix **S3** is that they would apply to spurious emissions, it is
not generally feasible to distinguish between out-of-band and spurious
emissions as defined by Article **S1**. Therefore, the limits are
applied to all unwanted emissions further removed from the center
frequency than a specified *boundary*. This boundary is generally 250%
of the necessary bandwidth.

Task Group 1/5 recognized that, since spurious emissions can occur
anywhere outside the necessary bandwidth of an emission, no boundary
actually exists between out-of-band and spurious emissions. TG 1/5
solved this problem by defining the out-of-band and spurious *domains*,
disjoint frequency ranges specified such that out-of-band or spurious
emissions generally predominate within them.

**U.S. VIEW**: The United States supports adoption of the definitions of
the out-of-band and spurious domains in Article **S1** of the *Radio
Regulations*, since they are required to remove contradictions in the
terminology used to describe unwanted emission limits. The United States
supports the use of the boundary values developed in Task Group 1/5 to
update Appendix **S3**. (8 March 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

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**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEW FOR WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.8.2:** consideration of the results of studies,
and proposal of any regulatory measures regarding the protection of
passive services from unwanted emissions, in particular from space
service transmissions, in response to recommends 5 and 6 of
Recommendation **66 (Rev.WRC‑2000);**

**ISSUE**: Protection of Passive Services

**BACKGROUND**: Because of their highly sensitive receivers, needed to
detect weak signals from sources that are usually beyond their control,
passive systems in the radio astronomy, Earth exploration-satellite, and
space research services are particularly susceptible to radio frequency
interference.

For years the ITU--R has sought a solution to the problem of unwanted
emission interference to passive systems, especially from satellites.
Measures taken by passive systems to avoid interference may restrict the
operation of the passive systems and thereby reduce their value. On the
other hand, filtering of satellite emissions in the passive service
bands may be costly or impractical.

This issue is currently the subject of Task Group 1/7, established in
November 2000. Recent work on this issue by Task Group 1/5 led to
"band-by-band" studies to quantify the problem and explore possible
solutions. Progress in TG 1/7 on this issue will require *very* creative
ideas and perhaps a willingness on the part of space and passive
interests to compromise.

**U.S. VIEW**: (8 March 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEWS ON WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.16:** to consider allocations on a worldwide
basis for feeder links in bands around 1.4 GHz to the non-GSO MSS with
service links operating below 1 GHz, taking into account the results of
ITU-R studies conducted in response to Resolution **127
(Rev.WRC-2000)**, provided that due recognition is given to the passive
services, taking into account No. **S5.340**;

**ISSUE**: Additional allocations for feeder links for little LEO\'s in
the neighborhood of 1.4 GHz, in particular in the bands 1 390-1 393 MHz
and 1 429-1 432 MHz for non-GSO MSS feeder uplink and downlink,
respectively, while sharing with the services now operating in the band,
and with no impact on the passive services (radio astronomy and remote
sensing) operating in the neighboring 1 400-1 427 MHz band.

**BACKGROUND**: Service allocations to the little LEO MSS were first
made at WARC-92. Since 1995, additional allocations were sought by the
little LEOs for feeder links, but to date this requirement has not been
satisfied. **Resolution 127** (**WRC-97**) identified the bands
1 390-1 400 MHz and 1427-1432 MHz for studies to accommodate the up and
downlinks, respectively, provided sharing with services using these
bands was feasible and that the passive services operating in the
1 400-1 427 MHz band can be fully protected. Subsequent to WRC-97,
little LEO requirements have been restricted to the 1 390-1 393 MHz and
1 429-1 432 MHz bands, for up and downlinks, respectively, and this is
reflected in **Resolution 127 (Rev. WRC-00)**. Work in SG 7 started,
towards showing that under certain conditions the planned little LEO
feeder links could meet the unwanted emission level required in the band
1 400-1 427 MHz for no impact on the operation of the passive services
in the 1 400-1 427 MHz band. This work has not yet been concluded.

The 1 400-1 427 MHz band is allocated on a primary, exclusive basis to
the passive services, worldwide. This is arguably the most important,
and certainly the most frequently and extensively observed radio
astronomy band below 70 GHz. Observations in the band are conducted at a
large number of sites in the U.S. and worldwide, to study the
distribution, kinematics and dynamics of neutral hydrogen (the most
commonly occurring element in the Universe) in our own as well as in
other galaxies. Ocean and soil salinity and other measurements are
conducted in the band under the EESS allocation. Full retention and
unconstrained access to the 1 400-1 427 MHz band is considered essential
by both the radio astronomy and EESS communities. The radio astronomy
and remote sensing communities are worried about the possible impact
that unwanted emissions from satellite and terrestrial stations may have
on observations carried out in the 1 400-1 427 MHz passive band.

**U.S. VIEW**: The U.S. cannot support 1.4 GHz non-GSO FSS uplink and
downlink allocations unless it is conclusively demonstrated, including
measurement of emissions that would be employed in operational systems,
that unwanted emissions into the 1 400-1 427 MHz band can be kept below
the detrimental interference levels in **ITU-R RA.769-1** (mainly with
respect to space-to-Earth links) and in **ITU-R SA.1029-1** (mainly with
respect to Earth-to-space links) for this band. Studies are now going on
in the ITU-R to that effect. U.S. support for allocations to non-GSO MSS
feeder links in the 1 390-1 393 MHz and 1 429-1 432 MHz band is
contingent upon: 1) successful conclusion of the ITU-R studies, and 2)
fully assured regulatory protection of the passive services in the
1 400-1 427 MHz from out-of-band emissions of non-GSO uplinks that may
operate in the 1 390-1 393 MHz band and downlinks that may operate in
1 429-1 432 MHz band. (March 15, 2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEW FOR WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.27:** to review, in accordance with Resolutions
**\[GT PLEN-1/1\] (WRC-2000)** and **\[GT PLEN-1/3\] (WRC-2000),** the
ITU-R studies requested in those resolutions, and modify, as
appropriate, the relevant regulatory procedures and associated sharing
criteria contained in Appendices **S30** and **S30A** and in the
associated provisions;

**ISSUE:** Studies are required to revise certain procedures and sharing
criteria as a consequence of decisions taken at WRC-2000 with respect to
the bands around 12 GHz (and the feeder links associated with them) for
satellite and terrestrial services.

**BACKGROUND:** WRC-2000 made significant changes in the use of those
bands allocated to the BSS from 11.7 to 12.5 GHz, largely due to the
major replanning modifications to the Regions 1 and 3 BSS Plans (S30)
and the feeder links (roughly 17.3 to 17.8 GHz (S30A)).

In particular, there is a consequential need to determine sharing
criteria and sharing procedures between receiving earth stations in the
BSS (consumer downlink dishes, for example) and transmitting earth
stations and terrestrial stations in these bands for the other services
using these frequencies (BSS, FSS and FS).

Additionally, interregional and inter-service pfd limits were agreed
upon at WRC-2000 for Regions 1 & 3 BSS into Region 2 FSS, Region 1 BSS
into Region 3 FSS and Region 2 BSS into Regions 1 & 3 FSS downlinks
under the proviso that these situations would be studied further. The
results of these sharing studies on pfd limits would be reported to
WRC-03.

Presumably, final quantitative values will be established at WRC-03, and
placed in the appropriate parts of Appendices S30 and S30A.

**U.S. VIEW:** The U.S. will require that final sharing criteria and
sharing procedures determined at WRC-03 between the various affected
Services and Regions does not adversely affect any Region 2 network's
performance. Furthermore, since there are U.S. based providers with
network entries in the unplanned list for Regions 1 and 3 delivery, the
sharing criteria associated solely within these two Regions should not
adversely affect any unplanned elements of the overall composition of
satellite networks for these delivery and feeder link bands. (March 15,
2001)

***Radio Conference Subcommittee (RCS)***

Preparation for ITU Radiocommunication Conferences

**DRAFT PRELIMINARY VIEW FOR WRC-03**

**WRC-2003 Agenda Item 1.35:** to consider the report of the Director of
the Radiocommunication Bureau on the results of the analysis in
accordance with Resolution **53 (Rev. WRC-2000)** and take appropriate
action;

**ISSUE:** The BR is responsible for analysis that will update the
"remarks" column of tables in Article 9A of Appendix S30A and Article 11
of Appendix S30.

**BACKGROUND:** Article 11 of Appendix S30 contains the specifics of the
Regions 1 & 3 Plans in a table containing 17 columns. A similar table
with 19 columns deals with the feeder links (Appendix S30A). These two
tables are the essence of the Plans.

The last column in each table is called "remarks". There is a numerical
code for the "remarks" column -- 8 possibilities for a downlink and 9
for a feeder link. A "remark" example is "This assignment shall not
claim protection from ..." Most assignments do not have an entry in the
"remarks" column in the old Plan (see WRC-97).

WRC-2000 made a total overhaul of the Regions 1 and 3 Plans by in
general doubling the number of assignments in each Plan per
administration. The BR was responsible for conducting an enormous amount
of work during the Conference to meet a deadline not long before the end
of the Conference so that the Plans could be accepted by the Conference
in Plenary at the end.

The "remarks" column needs to be completed by the BR, first as a draft
to be circulated to administrations. After this review process, the BR
is instructed to present the agreed upon "remark" inclusions in the
tables for review and possible action at WRC-03.

**U.S. VIEW:** The U.S. agrees with the need to update the "remarks"
column of Article 9A of Appendix S30A and of Article 11 of Appendix S30
consistent with the decisions made at WRC-2000 on the replanning of the
BSS for Regions 1 and 3. (March 15, 2001)

-- FCC --