July 20, 2007

Nicholas P. Restifo, M.D.

Curriculum Vitae

[Personal]{.underline}: Born 1960, USA. Married (Maria J. Ionata). Two
children: Alexander Nicholas (1999) and Olivia Rose (2002).

[Address]{.underline}: CRC Room 3-5762, National Cancer Institute, NIH,
Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

> Ph (301) 496-4904,

[Education]{.underline}: New York University School of Medicine, New
York, NY (1983-1987)

Doctor of Medicine Degree, May 1987

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (1979-1983)

Bachelor of Arts Degree with Honors, May 1983

[Chronology of Employment]{.underline}:

2001- [Principal Investigator]{.underline} (Full, Independent Scientific
Tenure), NCI

1997-2001 [Principal Investigator]{.underline}, Tenure-Track, National
Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD

1992-1997 [Senior Investigator]{.underline}, National Cancer Institute

1989-1992 [National Cancer Institute Biotechnology Fellow]{.underline},
Tumor Immunology Section,

National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Steven A. Rosenberg, MD, PhD

1988-1989 [Research Fellow]{.underline}, Laboratory of Murray F.
Brennan, MD

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY, NY

1988-1989 [Staff Physician]{.underline}, Riker\'s Island Prison, NY, NY

1987-1988 [Surgical Intern]{.underline}, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN

1984-1985 [Research Assistant]{.underline}, New York University School
of Medicine, NY, NY

1982-1983 [Research Assistant]{.underline}, Johns Hopkins Hospital,
Baltimore, MD

[MD Licensure]{.underline}: New York State: July, 1988, Maryland State:
October, 1989

[Academic Appointment]{.underline}:

1999- Adjunct Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,

George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC

Research Preceptor, *Howard Hughes Medical Institute*

2004-2005: Anjana Ranganathan, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine

2002-2004: Christopher Klebanoff, Emory University School of Medicine

2001-2002: Navrose Grewal, University of California at Los Angeles

1998-2000: Marc Theoret, Pennsylvania State Univ School of Medicine

1996-1998: Dale Chappell, Dartmouth University School of Medicine

1994-1995: Jay B Rao, Duke University School of Medicine

1993-1994: Michael Wang, Rochester University School of Medicine

1992-1993: Barbara J McCabe, Duke University School of Medicine

[Activities]{.underline}: Member, NIH Biological Resources Branch (BRB)
Oversight Committee (2001-2005)

Developmental Therapeutics Program, NCI

> Editorial: Consulting Editor, *Journal of Clinical Investigation*
> (2005- )
>
> Editor, *Journal of Immunotherapy* (2000- )
>
> Assistant Editor, *Journal of Immunotherapy* (1996-1999)

Associate Editor, *Journal of Immunology* (1995-2000)

[Honors and Awards]{.underline}:

BA with Honors, Johns Hopkins University (1983)

New York University School of Medicine Award

for Study of Medicine Abroad (Israel, 1987)

NIH Technology Transfer Award, 1995

NIH Loan Repayment Scholarship, 1996-1998

Preceptor for Howard Hughes Research Award Winners:

> Christopher Klebanoff (2002), Marc Theoret (2000), Dale Chappell
> (1998),
>
> Jay B Rao (1995), Barbara J McCabe (1993)

Mentor for the International Society for Biologic Therapy Presidential
Award

Steven Finkelstein (2003) and Luca Gattinoni (2004)

Winner, Federal Technology Transfer Act Award, 1998, 2001, 2004

> Winner, Best Paper of the Year by an Intramural Investigator, Cytokine
> Interest Group,
>
> NIH, 2006

Primary Organizer "Basic Aspects of Tumor Immunology" Keystone Symposia,
Keystone, Colorado, 2003

"Basic Aspects of Tumor Immunology II" Keystone Symposia, Keystone,
Colorado, 2005

"The Potent New Anti-Tumor Immunotherapies" Keystone Symposia, Banff,
Canada, 2007

[Patents (3 issued, 3 pending)]{.underline}:

1\. Immunogenic chimeras comprising nucleic acid sequences encoding
endoplasmic reticulum signal sequence peptides and at least one other
peptide, and their uses in vaccines and disease treatments. (Foreign
Rights filed) Issued #5,733,548 \[issued March 31, 1998\]. Additional
claims issued #5,846,540 \[issued December 8, 1998\]. Additional claims
issued #5,856,187 \[issued January 5, 1999\].

2\. Enhanced immune response by introduction of cytokine gene and/or
costimulatory molecule B7 gene in a recombinant viral expression system.
(U.S. Serial No. 08/317,402).

3\. Heterologous boosting immunizations for the generation of cytotoxic
T lymphocytes and antitumor responses (Filed, March, 1996, Serial No.
60/015,893)..

4\. Recombinant pox virus for immunization against tumor-associated
antigens (Filed, August, 1996).

5\. Cytokine enhancement of DNA immunization results in increased
specific cellular and humoral immune responses against pathogenic
diseases and cancer (US Serial No 08/575,072).

6\. Recombinant influenza viruses expressing tumor-associated antigens
as antitumor agents 6,884,414

Journal Articles

1\. NP Restifo and D Lewis. Three case reports of a single homicidal
adolescent. *Am J Psychiatry*, 142(3): 388, 1985.

2\. D Lewis, E Moy, LD Jackson, R Aaronson, NP Restifo, S Serra and S
Simos. Biopsychosocial characteristics of children who later murder: a
prospective study. *Am. J Psychiatry*, 142(10): 1161-67, 1985.

3\. P Pisters, NP Restifo, E Cersosimo and MF Brennan. The effects of
euglycemic hyperinsulinemia and amino acid infusion on regional and
whole body glucose disposal in man. *Metabolism*, 40(1): 59-65, 1991.

4\. AL Asher, JJ Mulé, A Kasid, NP Restifo, JC Salo, CM Reichert, G
Jaffe, B Fendly, M Kriegler and SA Rosenberg. Murine tumor cells
transduced with the gene for tumor necrosis factor-: Evidence for
paracrine immune effects of tumor necrosis factor against tumors. *J
Immunol*, 146(9): 3227-34, 1991.

5\. NP Restifo, F Esquivel, AL Asher, H Stötter, RJ Barth, JR Bennink,
JJ Mulé, JW Yewdell and SA Rosenberg. Defective presentation of
endogenous antigens by a murine sarcoma: Implications for the failure of
an anti-tumor immune response. *J Immunol*, 147(4): 1453-59, 1991.

6\. NP Restifo, PJ Spiess, SE Karp, JJ Mulé and SA Rosenberg. A
nonimmunogenic sarcoma transduced with the cDNA for mIFN- elicits
CD8^+^ T cells against the wild-type tumor: Correlation with antigen
presentation capability. *J Exp Med,* 175(6): 1423-32, 1992.

7\. SE Karp, P Hwu, A Farber, NP Restifo, M Kriegler, JJ Mulé and SA
Rosenberg. *In vivo* activity of TNF- mutants: Secretory but not
membrane bound TNF- mediates the regression of retrovirally transduced
murine tumor. *J Immunol,* 149(6): 2076-81, 1992.

8\. SE Karp, A Farber, JC Salo, P Hwu, G Jaffe, AL Asher, E Shiloni, NP
Restifo, JJ Mulé and SA Rosenberg. Cytokine secretion by genetically
modified non immunogenic murine fibrosarcoma: Tumor inhibition by IL-2
but not TNF-. *J Immunol,* 150(3): 896-908, 1993.

9\. NP Restifo, F Esquivel, Y Kawakami, JW Yewdell, JJ Mulé, SA
Rosenberg and JR Bennink. Identification of human cancers deficient in
antigen processing. *J Exp Med,* 177(2): 265-272, 1993.

10\. Y Kawakami, MI Nishimura, NP Restifo, SL Topalian, BH O\'Neil, J
Shilyansky, JR Yannelli and SA Rosenberg. T cell recognition of human
melanoma antigens. *J Immunotherapy*, 14(2): 88-93, 1993.

11\. BH O\'Neil, Y Kawakami, NP Restifo, JR Bennink, JW Yewdell and SA
Rosenberg. Detection of shared human melanoma T cell antigens by
providing HLA molecules by vaccinia virus. *J Immunol,* 151(3): 1410-18,
1993.

12\. Restifo NP, Kawakami Y, Marincola F, Shamamian P, Taggarse A,
Esquivel F, Rosenberg SA. Molecular mechanisms used by tumors to escape
immune recognition: immunogenetherapy and the cell biology of major
histocompatibility comp class I. *J Immunother*, 14(3):182-90, 1993.

13\. E Shiloni, SE Karp, MC Custer, J Shilyansky, NP Restifo, SA
Rosenberg and JJ Mulé. Retroviral transduction of interferon- cDNA into
a non-immunogenic MHC class I deficient murine fibrosarcoma: Generation
of T cells capable of treating established parental metastatic tumor.
*Cancer Immunol and Immunotherapy*, 37(5): 286-92, 1993.

14\. NP Restifo, BR Minev, AS Taggarse, BJ McFarland, M Wang and KR
Irvine. Enhancing the recognition of tumor associated antigens. *Folia
Biologica (Prague)*, 40(1-2):74-88, 1994.

15\. B Fisk, CG Ioannides, S Aggarwal, JT Wharton, CA O\'Brian, N
Restifo, BS Glisson. Enhanced expression of HLA-A,B,C and inducibility
of TAP-1, TAP-2, and HLA-A,B,C by interferon- in a multidrug-resistant
small cell lung cancer line. *Lymphokine Cytokine Res*, 13(2):125-31,
1994.

16\. FM Marincola, S Ettinghausen, PA Cohen, LB Cheshire, NP Restifo, JJ
Mulé and SA Rosenberg. Treatment of established lung metastases with
tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes derived from a poorly immunogenic tumor
engineered to secrete human TNF-. *J Immunol,* 152(7):3500-13, 1994.

17\. CM Lawson, JR Bennink, NP Restifo, JW Yewdell and BR Murphy.
Primary pulmonary cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by immunization with a
vaccinia recombinant expressing influenza A virus nucleoprotein peptide
do not protect mice against challenge. *J Virol,* 68(6):3505-11, 1994.

18\. FM Marincola, P Shamamian, TB Simonis, A Abati, J Hackett, T
O\'Dea, P Fetsch, J Yannelli, NP Restifo, JJ Mulé, and SA Rosenberg.
Locus-specific analysis of human leukocyte antigen class I expression in
melanoma cell lines. *J Immunother,* 16:13-23, 1994.

19\. B Minev, BJ McFarland, PJ Spiess, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo.
Insertion signal sequence fused to a minimal peptide elicits specific
CD8^+^ T cell responses and prolongs survival of thymoma-bearing mice.
*Cancer Res,* 54(15): 4155-61, 1994.

20\. P Shamamian, M Mancini, Y Kawakami, NP Restifo, SA Rosenberg and SL
Topalian. Recognition of neuroectodermal tumors by melanoma-specific
cytotoxic T lymphocytes: evidence for antigen sharing by tumors derived
from the neural crest. *Cancer Immunol Immunother,* 39(2):73‑83,
1994**.**

21\. MG Sanda, NP Restifo, JC Walsh, Y Kawakami, WG Nelson, DM Pardoll
and JW Simons. Molecular characterization of defective antigen
processing in human prostate cancer. *J Nat Can Inst,* 87(4):280-85,
1995.

22\. BJ McCabe, KR Irvine, MI Nishimura, JC Yang, PJ Spiess, EP Shulman,
SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Minimal determinant expressed by a
recombinant vaccinia virus elicits therapeutic antitumor cytolytic T
lymphocyte responses. *Cancer Res,* 55(8):1741-47, 1995.

23\. MK Jakobsen, NP Restifo, PA Cohen, FM Marincola, LB Cheshire, WM
Linehan, SA Rosenberg and RB Alexander. Defective MHC class I expression
in a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma cell line. *J Immunother*,
17(4):222-28, 1995.

24\. NP Restifo, I Bacik, KR Irvine, JW Yewdell, BJ McCabe, RW Anderson,
LC Eisenlohr, SA Rosenberg and JR Bennink. Antigen processing *in vivo*
and the elicitation of primary CTL responses. *J Immunol*,
154(9):4414-22, 1995.

25\. KR Irvine, BJ McCabe, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Synthetic
oligonucleotide expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus elicits
therapeutic cytolytic T lymphocytes. *J Immunol,* 154(9):4651-57, 1995.

26\. M Wang, V Bronte, PW Chen, L Gritz, D Panicali, SA Rosenberg and NP
Restifo. Active immunotherapy of cancer with a non-replicating
recombinant fowlpox virus encoding a model tumor-associated antigen. *J
Immunol*, 154(9):4685-92, 1995.

27\. V Bronte, K Tsung, JB Rao, PW Chen, M Wang, SA Rosenberg and NP
Restifo. IL-2 enhances the function of recombinant poxvirus-based
vaccines in the treatment of established pulmonary metastases. *J
Immunol*, 154(10):5282-92, 1995.

28\. L Rivoltini, KC Barracchini, V Viggiano, Y Kawakami, A Smith, A
Mixon, NP Restifo, SL Topalian, TB Simonis, SA Rosenberg and FM
Marincola. Quantitative correlation between HLA class I allele
expression and recognition of melanoma cells by antigen-specific
cytotoxic T lymphocytes. *Cancer Res,* 55:3149-57, 1995.

29\. M Wang, PW Chen, V Bronte, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Anti-tumor
Activity of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes elicited with recombinant and
synthetic forms of a model tumor antigen. *J Immunother,* 18(3):139-46,
1995.

30\. FM Marincola, P Shamamian, L Rivoltini, M Salgaller, J Cormier, NP
Restifo, TB Simonis, D Venzon, DE White and DR Parkinson. HLA
associations in the antitumor response against malignant melanoma. *J
Immunother,* 18(4):242-52, 1995.

31\. KR Irvine and NP Restifo. The next wave of recombinant and
synthetic anti-cancer vaccines. *Seminars in Cancer Biology,*
6(6):337-47, 1995.

32\. P Chen, M Wang, V Bronte, Y Zhai, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo.
Therapeutic anti-tumor response after immunization with a recombinant
adenovirus encoding a model tumor-associated antigen. *J Immunol,*
156(1): 224-31, 1996.

33\. KR Irvine, JB Rao, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Cytokine
enhancement of DNA immunization leads to effective treatment of
established pulmonary metastases. *J Immunol*, 156(1):238-45, 1996.

34\. B Moss, M Carroll, L Wyatt, J Bennink, V Hirsch, S Goldstein, WR
Elkins, T Fuerst, J Lifson, M Piatak, NP Restifo, W Overwijk, R
Chamberlain, SA Rosenberg and G Sutter. Host range restricted,
non-replicating vaccinia virus vectors as vaccine candidates. *Adv Exp
Med Biol,* 397:7-13, 1996.

35\. NP Restifo. [Commentary:]{.underline} Recombinant anti-cancer
vaccines. *The Cancer Journal from Scientific American,* 2(1):16-18,
1996.

36\. NP Restifo, FM Marincola, Y Kawakami, J Taubenberger, JR Yannelli
and SA Rosenberg. Loss of functional 2-microglobulin in metastatic
melanomas from five patients receiving immunotherapy. *J Natl Cancer
Inst*, 88(2):100-8, 1996.

37\. J Rao, RS Chamberlain, V Bronte, MW Carroll, KR Irvine, SA
Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Interleukin-12 is an effective adjuvant to
recombinant vaccinia virus based tumor vaccines: Enhancement by
simultaneous B7-1 expression*. J Immunol,* 156(9):3357-65, 1996.

38\. RS Chamberlain, MW Carroll, V Bronte, S Warren, M Nishimura, JC
Yang, B Moss, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Costimulation enhances the
active immunotherapy effect of recombinant anti-cancer vaccines. *Cancer
Res*, 56:2832-36, 1996.

39\. NP Restifo. The new vaccines: Building viruses capable of eliciting
anti-tumor immunity. *Current Opinion in Immunol*, 8(5): 658-63, 1996.

40\. JN Cormier, ML Salgaller, T Prevette, KC Barracchini, L Rivoltini,
NP Restifo, SA Rosenberg and FM Marincola. Enhancement of cellular
immunity in melanoma patients immunized with a MART-1 melanoma antigen
peptide. *The Cancer Journal from Scientific American,* 3(1):37-44,
1997.

41\. Y Zhai, JC Yang, P Spiess, MI Nishimura, WW Overwijk, B Roberts, NP
Restifo and SA Rosenberg. Cloning and characterization of the genes
encoding the murine homologues of the human melanoma antigens MART-1 and
gp100. *J Immunotherapy,* 20(1): 15-25, 1997.

42\. MW Carroll, WW Overwijk, RS Chamberlain, SA Rosenberg, B Moss and
NP Restifo. Highly attenuated modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) as an
effective recombinant vector: a murine tumor model. *Vaccine,*
15(4):387‑94, 1997.

43\. KR Irvine, RS Chamberlain, EP Shulman, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo.
Route of administration and the efficacy of recombinant vaccinia,
fowlpox and adenoviruses. *J Natl Cancer Inst,* 89(5):390-92, 1997.

44\. V Bronte, MW Carroll, TJ Goletz, M Wang, WW Overwijk, F Marincola,
SA Rosenberg, B Moss and NP Restifo. Antigen expression by dendritic
cells correlates with the therapeutic effectiveness of a model
recombinant poxvirus tumor vaccine, *Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA),* 94(7):
3183‑88 1997.

\[See Commentary, MA Liu "The immunologist\'s grail: Vaccines that
generate cellular immunity" *Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA),* 94; 10496‑98,
1997.\]

45\. WW Overwijk, DR Surman, K Tsung and NP Restifo. Identification of a
K^b^-restricted CTL epitope of -galactosidase: Potential use in the
development of immunization protocols for \"self\" antigens.
*Immunomethods,* 12:117-23, 1997.

46\. CJ Kim, T Prevette, J Cormier, W Overwijk, M Roden, NP Restifo, SA
Rosenberg and FM Marincola. Dendritic cells infected with poxviruses
encoding MART-1/Melan A sensitize T lymphocytes *in vitro. J
Immunother,* 20(4):276-86, 1997.

47\. KR Irvine , RS Chamberlain, EP Shulman, DR Surman, SA Rosenberg and
NP Restifo. Enhancing the efficacy of recombinant anti-cancer vaccines
with prime/boost regimens that employ two different vectors. *J Natl
Cancer Inst,* 89(21):1595-1601, 1997.

48\. A Porgador, O Mandeloboim, NP Restifo and JL Strominger. Natural
killer cells kill autologous ~2~-microglobulin-deficient melanoma
cells: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. *Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,*
94:13140‑45, 1997.

49\. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, DJ Schwartzentruber, P Hwu, F Marincola, SL
Topalian, NP Restifo,

ME Dudley, SL Schwarz, PJ Spiess, JR Wunderlich, MR Parkhurst, Y
Kawakami, CA Seipp, J Einhorn and DE White. Immunologic and therapeutic
evaluation of a synthetic tumor associated peptide vaccine for the
treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. *Nat Med,* 4(3):
321-28,1998.

\[See Commentary, JM Timmerman and R Levy, "Melanoma vaccines: Prim and
proper presentation." *Nat Med,* 4(3): 269-70,1998.\]

50\. WW Overwijk, A Tsung, KR Irvine, MR Parkhurst, TJ Goletz, K Tsung,
MW Carroll, C Liu, B Moss, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. gp100/pmel 17 is
a murine tumor rejection antigen: Induction of "self"-reactive,
tumoricidal T cells using high-affinity, altered peptide ligand. *J Exp.
Med,* 188(2): 277-86, 1998.

51\. DR Surman, KR Irvine, EP Shulman, TM Allweis, SA Rosenberg and NP
Restifo. Generation of polyclonal rabbit antisera to mouse melanoma
associated antigens using gene gun immunization. *J Immunol Methods,*
214(1-2): 51-62,1998.

52\. NP Restifo, DR Surman, H Zheng, P Palese, SA Rosenberg and A
Garcia-Sastre. Transfectant Influenza A viruses are effective
recombinant immunogens in the treatment of experimental cancer.
*Virology,* 249(1):89‑97, 1998.

53\. A Porgador, KR Irvine, A Iwasaki, BH Barber, NP Restifo and RN
Germain. Predominant role for directly transfected dendritic cells in
antigen presentation to CD8^+^ T cells after gene gun immunization*. J
Exp Med,* 188(6):1075‑82, 1998.

54\. NP Restifo. Cancer Vaccines '98: A Reductionistic Approach.
*Molecular Medicine Today*, 4(8): 327, 1998.

55\. D Chappell and NP Restifo. T cell - tumor cell: A fatal
interaction? *Cancer Immunol and Immunotherapy,* 47(2): 65‑71, 1998.

56\. S Gurunathan, KR Irvine, C-Y Wu, JI Cohen, E Thomas, C Prussin, NP
Restifo and RA Seder. CD40 Ligand/Trimer DNA enhances both humoral and
cellular immune responses and induces protective immunity to infectious
and tumor challenge. *J Immunol,* 161(9):4563-71, 1998.

57\. V Bronte, M Wang, WW Overwijk, DR Surman, F Pericle, SA Rosenberg
and NP Restifo. Apoptotic death of CD8^+^ T lymphocytes after
immunization: Induction of a suppressive population of Mac-1^+^/Gr-1^+^
cells. *J Immunol,* 161(10):5313-20, 1998.

58\. MW Carroll, WW Overwijk, DR Surman, K Tsung, B Moss and NP Restifo.
Construction and characterization of a triple-recombinant vaccinia virus
encoding a model tumor antigen, B7-1 and Interleukin-12. *J National
Cancer Institute,* 90(24):1881-7, 1998.

59\. Rosenberg SA, Zhai Y, Yang JC, Schwartzentruber DJ, Hwu P,
Marincola FM, Topalian SL, Restifo NP, Seipp CA, Einhorn JH, Roberts B,
White DE. Immunizing patients with metastatic melanoma using recombinant
adenovirus encoding MART-1 or gp100 melanoma antigens. *J Natl Cancer
Inst*, 90(24):1894-1900, 1998

60\. D Chappell, TZ Zaks, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Melanoma cells do
not express Fas (Apo-1/CD95) ligand. *Cancer Res,* 59(1):59‑62, 1999.

61\. NP Restifo and SA Rosenberg. Developing recombinant and synthetic
vaccines for the treatment of melanoma. (Edited by Edison Liu). *Current
Opinion in Oncology,* 11(1):50-7, 1999.

62\. YC Xie, C Hwang, WW Overwijk, Z Zeng, MH Eng, JJ Mulé, M Imperiale,
NP Restifo and MG Sanda. Induction of tumor antigen-specific immunity in
vivo by a novel vaccinia vector encoding safety-modified SV40-T antigen.
*J National Cancer Institute,* 91(2):169-75, 1999. 1999.

\[See Comments, "Simian Virus 40 and human cancer", *JNCI*, 91(2): 101,
1999.\]

63\. JN Cormier, M Panelli, JA Hackett, MP Bettinotti, A Mixon, J
Wunderlich, LL Parker, NP Restifo, S Ferrone and FM Marincola. Natural
variation of the expression of HLA and endogenous antigen modulates CTL
recognition in an *in vitro* melanoma model. *Int J of Cancer,*
80:781-90, 1999.

64\. WW Overwijk, DS Lee, DR Surman, KR Irvine, CE Touloukian, C-C Chan,
MW Carroll, B Moss, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Vaccination with a
recombinant vaccinia virus encoding a "self" antigen induces autoimmune
vitiligo and tumor cell destruction in mice: Requirement for CD4^+^ T
lymphocytes. *Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA),* 96(6):2982-87, 1999.

\[see also PNAS Cover Photograph featuring this paper *and* Commentary
"Inducing autoimmune

disease to treat cancer" by DM Pardoll, 96(10): 5340‑5342, 1999.\]

65\. TZ Zaks, D Chappell, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Fas-mediated
suicide of tumor-reactive T cells following activation by specific
tumor: Selective rescue by caspase inhibition. *J Immunol,* 162(6):
3273-3279, 1999.

66\. V Bronte, D Chappell, E Apolloni, A Cabrelle, M Wang, P Hwu and NP
Restifo. Unopposed production of granulocyte‑macrophage
colony‑stimulating factor by tumors inhibits CD8+ T cell responses by
dysregulating antigen‑presenting cell maturation. *J Immunol*, 162(10):
5728‑5737, 1999.

67\. KR Irvine, MR Parkhurst, EP Shulman, JP Tupesis, M Custer, CE
Touloukian, PF Robbins, A Gomez-Yafal, P Greenhalgh, R Sutmuller, R
Offringa, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Recombinant virus vaccination
against self antigens using \"anchor-fixed\" immunogens. *Cancer Res,*
59(11): 2536‑2540, 1999.

68\. H Ying, TZ Zaks, R-F Wang, KR Irvine, U Kammula, FM Marincola, WW
Leitner and NP Restifo. Cancer therapy using a self-replicating RNA
vaccine. *Nat Med,* 5(7): 823-827, 1999.

69\. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, DJ Schwartzentruber, P Hwu, FM Marincola, SL
Topalian, NP Restifo, M Sznol, SL Schwarz, PJ Spiess, JR Wunderlich, CA
Seipp, JH Einhorn, L Rogers- Freezer, and DE White. Impact of cytokine
administration on the generation of antitumor reactivity in patients
with metastatic melanoma receiving a peptide vaccine. *J Immunol,*
163(3): 1690‑1695, 1999.

70\. F Terenzi, MJ deVeer, H Ying, NP Restifo, BRG Williams and RH
Silverman. The antiviral enzymes PKR and RNase L suppress gene
expression from viral and non‑viral based vectors. *Nucleic Acids Res*,
27(22): 4369‑4375, 1999.

71\. H Kaufman, JB Rao, KR Irvine, V Bronte, SA Rosenberg and NP
Restifo. Interleukin-10 enhances the therapeutic effectiveness of a
recombinant poxvirus-based vaccine in an experimental murine tumor
model. *J Immunotherapy,* 22(6): 489-496, 1999.

72\. Leitner WW, Ying H, Restifo NP. DNA and RNA-based vaccines:
principles, progress and prospects. *Vaccine,* 18(9-10):765-77, 1999.

73\. DR Surman, ME Dudley, WW Overwijk, and NP Restifo. Cutting Edge:
CD4^+^ T cell control of CD8^+^ T cell reactivity to an immunogenic
model tumor antigen. *J Immunol: Cutting Edge*, 164(2): 562-565, 2000.

74\. WW Leitner, H Ying, DA Driver, TW Dubensky, SA Rosenberg and NP
Restifo. Enhancement of tumor‑specific immune response with plasmid DNA
replicon vectors. *Cancer Res*, 60(1): 51‑55, 2000.

75\. V Bronte, E Apolloni, R Ronca, P Zamboni, WW Overwijk, DR Surman,
NP Restifo and P Zanovello. Genetic vaccination with "self"
Tyrosinase-Related Protein 2 causes melanoma eradication but not
vitiligo. *Cancer Res*, 60(2): 253‑258, 2000.

76\. NP Restifo, H Ying, L Hwang, WW Leitner. The Promise of Nucleic
Acid Vaccines. *Gene Therapy,* 7(2): 89-92, 2000.

77\. WW Overwijk, MR Theoret and NP Restifo. The future of
interleukin-2: Enhancing therapeutic anticancer vaccines. *Cancer
Journal from Sci Amer,* 6: 76-80, 2000.

78\. CE Touloukian, WW Leitner, PF Robbins, YF Li, SL Topalian, SA
Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Identification of a DRB1\*0401-restricted
epitope for gp100 using DR4-IE transgenic mice. *J Immunol,* 164(7):
3535-3542, 2000.

79\. TA Colella, TNJ Bullock, LB Russell, DW Mullins, WW Overwijk, CJ
Luckey, RA Pierce, NP Restifo and VH Engelhard. Self-tolerance to the
murine homologue of a tyrosinase-derived melanoma antigen: implications
for immunotherapy. *J Exp Med*, 191(7): 1221‑1232, 2000.

80\. AL Feldman, NP Restifo, HR Alexander, DL Bartlett, P Hwu, P Seth,
SK Libutti. Antiangiogenic gene therapy of cancer using systemic
administration of an adenoviral vector carrying the endostatin gene.
*Cancer Res*, 60(6): 1503-1506, 2000.

81\. R Xiang, HN Lode, T-H Chao, JM Ruehlmann, CS Dolman, F Rodriguez,
JL Whitton, WW Overwijk, NP Restifo and RA Reisfeld. An autologous oral
DNA vaccine protects against murine melanoma. *Proc Natl Acad Sci
(USA)*, 97(10): 5792-5497, 2000.

82\. NP Restifo. Not so fas: Re-evaluating the mechanisms of immune
priviledge and tumor escape. *Nat Med*, 6(5): 493-495, 2000.

83\. LG Charles, YC Xie, NP Restifo, B Roessler, MG Sanda. Antitumor
efficacy of tumor‑ antigen‑ encoding recombinant poxvirus immunization
in Dunning rat prostate cancer: implications for clinical genetic
vaccine development. *World J Urol*, 18(2):136‑42, 2000.

84\. G Zeng, CE Touloukian, X Wang, NP Restifo, SA Rosenberg and RF
Wang. Identification of CD4^+^ T cell epitopes from NY-ESO-1 presented
by HLA-DR molecules. *J Immunol,* 165(2): 1153‑1159, 2000.

85\. K Lee, WW Overwijk, M O'Toole, H Swiniarski, NP Restifo, AS Dorner,
SF Wolf, K Sturmhoefel. Dose-dependent and schedule-dependent effects of
IL-12 on antigen-specific CD8 responses. *J Interferon Cytokine Res,*
20(6): 589-96, 2000.

86\. NP Restifo. Building better vaccines: How apoptotic cell death can
induce inflammation and activate innate and adaptive immunity. *Current
Opinion in Immunology,* 12(5): 597-603, 2000.

87\. V Bronte, E Apolloni, A Cabrelle, R Ronca, P Serafini, P Zamboni,
NP Restifo and P Zanovello. Identification of a CD11b ^+^ / Gr‑1 ^+^ /
CD31 ^+^ myeloid progenitor capable of activating or suppressing CD8^+^
T cells. *Blood*, 96(12): 3838‑3846, 2000.

88\. WW Overwijk, NP Restifo. Autoimmunity and the immunotherapy of
cancer: targeting the "self" to destroy the "other". *Crit Rev Immunol*,
20(6):433‑50, 2000.

89\. NP Restifo. Countering the \'counterattack\' hypothesis. *Nat Med,*
7(3): 259-260, 2001.

90\. WW Overwijk and NP Restifo. Creating therapeutic cancer vaccines:
notes from the battlefield.

*Trends In Immunol,* (Formerly *Immunology Today*), 22(1): 5-7, 2001.

91\. NP Restifo. Vaccines to die for. *Nat Biotechnol*, 19(6):527‑8,
2001.

92\. WW Overwijk and NP Restifo. B16 as a mouse model for human
melanoma. In [Current Protocols in Immunology]{.underline}. Ed. Ada
Kruisbeek, 2001.

93\. NP Restifo. Hierarchy, tolerance, and dominance in the antitumor
T‑cell response. *J Immunother,* 24(3):193‑4, 2001.

94\. A van Elsas, RP Sutmuller, AA Hurwitz, J Ziskin, J Villasenor, JP
Medema,. WW Overwijk, NP Restifo, CJ Melief, R Offringa and JP Allison.
Elucidating the autoimmune and antitumor effector mechanisms of a
treatment based on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 blockade in
combination with a B16 melanoma vaccine: comparison of prophylaxis and
therapy. *J Exp Med*, 194(4), 481-90, 2001.

95\. MH Kershaw, C Hsu, W Mondesire, LL Parker, G Wang, WW Overwijk, R
Lapointe, JC Yang,

R-F Wang, NP Restifo and P Hwu, Immunization against endogenous
retroviral tumor-associated

antigens. *Cancer Res* 61, 7920-7924, 2001.

96\. CE Touloukian, WW Leitner, PF Robbins, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo.
Mining the melanosome for tumor vaccine targets: P.polypeptide is a
novel tumor associated antigen. *Ca Res*, 61(22):8100-8104, 2001.

97\. A Perez-Diez, E Wang, NP Restifo, P Matzinger and FM Marincola.
Immunization and the induction of the anti-tumor T cells. *J Immunol*,
168(1):338-47, 2001.

98\. JF Toso, VJ Gill, FG Witebsky, P Hwu, FM Marincola, NP Restifo, DJ
Scharztzentruber, RM Sherry, SL Topalian, JC Yang and SA Rosenberg.
Phase I study of the intravenous administration of attenuated Salmonella
typhimurium to patients with metastatic melanoma. *J Clin Oncol*,
20(1):142-152, 2002.

99\. NP Restifo, PA Antony, SE Finkelstein, WW Leitner, DR Surman, MR
Theoret, CE Touloukian. Assumptions of the tumor escape hypothesis.
*Seminars in Cancer Biology*, 12(1):81-86, 2002.

100\. PA Antony and NP Restifo. Do CD4^+^CD25^+^ immunoregulatory T
cells hinder tumor immunotherapy? *J Immunother*, 25(3):202-6, 2002.

101\. HY Wang, T Fu, G Wang, G Zeng, DM Perry-Lalley, JC Yang, NP
Restifo, P Hwu, RF Wang.

Induction of CD4(+) T cell-dependent antitumor immunity by TAT-mediated
tumor antigen delivery into dendritic cells. *J Clin Invest,*
Jun;109(11):1463-70, 2002

102\. E Wang, LD Miller, GA Ohnmacht, S Mocellin, A Perez-Diez, D
Petersen, Y Zhao, R Simon, JI Powell, E Asaki, HR Alexander, PH Duray, M
Herlyn, NP Restifo, ET Liu, SA Rosenberg, FM Marincola FM. Prospective
molecular profiling of melanoma metastases suggests classifiers of
immune responsiveness. *Cancer Res,* Jul 1;62(13):3581-3586, 2002.

103\. Z Yu and NP Restifo. Cancer vaccines: Progress reveals new
complexities. *J Clin Invest,* 110(3): 289-294, 2002.

104\. CE Touloukian, WW Leitner, PF Robbins, Y Li, X Kang, R Lapointe, P
Hwu, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Expression of a "self-" antigen by
tumor cells *in vivo* enhances human tumor antigen-specific CD4^+^ T
cell function. *Cancer Res*, 62(18):5144-7, 2002.

105\. ME Dudley, JR Wunderlich, PF Robbins, JC Yang, P Hwu, DJ
Schwartzentruber, SL Topalian, RM Sherry, NP Restifo, AM Hubicki, MR
Robinson, M Raffeld, P Duray, CA Seipp, LJ Rogers-Freezer, KE Morton, SA
Mavroukakis, DE White and SA Rosenberg. Cancer regression and
autoimmunity following clonal repopulation with anti-tumor lymphocytes
and non-myeloablative conditiong. *Science*, 298(5594): 850-854, 2002.

106\. JM Sloan, MH Kershaw, CE Touloukian, R Lapointe, PF Robbins, NP
Restifo, and P Hwu.

MHC class I and class II presentation of tumor antigen in retrovirally
and adenovirally transduced dendritic cells. *Cancer Gene Therapy*,
9(11):946-50, 2002.

107\. YC Neeley, KT McDonagh, WW Overwijk, NP Restifo and MG Sanda.
Antigen-specific tumor vaccine efficacy in vivo against prostate cancer
with low class I MHC requires competent class II MHC.

*Prostate*, 53(3):183-91, 2002.

108\. HT Khong and NP Restifo. Natural selection of tumor variants in
the generation of \"tumor escape\" phenotypes. *Nat Immunol,*
3(11):999-1005, 2002.

109\. WW Leitner, LN Hwang, M deVeer, A Zhou, RH Silverman, BR Williams,
TW Dubensky, H Ying and NP Restifo. Alphavirus-based DNA vaccine breaks
immunological tolerance by activating innate antiviral pathways. *Nat
Med*, 9(1):33-9, 2003.

110\. CE Touloukian, WW Leitner, RE Schnur, PF Robbins, Y Li, S
Southwood, A Sette, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Normal tissue depresses
while tumor tissue enhances human T cell responses *in vivo* to a novel
self/tumor antigen, OA1. *J Immunol*, 170(3):1579-85, 2003.

111\. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, RM Sherry, P Hwu, SL Topalian, DJ
Schwartzentruber, NP Restifo, LR Haworth, CA Seipp, LJ Freezer, KE
Morton, SA Mavroukakis and DE White. Inability to immunize patients with
metastatic melanoma using plasmid DNA encoding the gp100
melanoma-melanocyte antigen. *Hum Gene Ther*, 14:709-714, 2003.

112\. GQ Phan, JC Yang, RM Sherry, P Hwu, SL Topalian, DJ
Schwartzentruber, NP Restifo, LR Haworth, CA Seipp, LJ Freezer, KE
Morton, SA Mavroukakis, PH Duray, SM Steinberg, JP Allison, TA Davis, SA
Rosenberg. Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T
lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 blockade in patients with metastatic
melanoma. *Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A*, 100(14):8372-8377, 2003.

113\. WW Leitner, NP Restifo. DNA vaccines and apoptosis: to kill or not
to kill? *J Clin Invest*, 112(1):22-4, 2003.

114\. GQ Phan, CE Touloukian, JC Yang, NP Restifo, RM Sherry, P Hwu, SL
Topalian, DJ Schwartzentruber, CA Seipp, LJ Freezer, KE Morton, SA
Mavroukakis, DE White, SA Rosenberg.

Immunization of patients with metastatic melanoma using both class I-
and class II-restricted peptides from melanoma-associated antigens. *J
Immunother*, 26(4):349-56, 2003.

115\. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, DJ Schwartzentruber, P Hwu, SL Topalian, RM
Sherry, NP Restifo, JR Wunderlich, CA Seipp, LJ Freezer, KE Morton, SA
Mavroukakis, DE White and SM Steinberg. Recominant fowlpox viruses
encoding the anchor-modified gp100 melanoma antigen can generate
antitumor immune responses in patients with metastatic melanoma.
*Clinical Cancer Res*, 9(8): 2973-80, 2003.

116\. WW Overwijk, MR Theoret, SE Finkelstein, DR Surman, LA de Jong, FA
Vyth-Dreese, TA Dellemijn, PA Antony, PJ Spiess, DC Palmer, DM Heimann,
CA Klebanoff, Z Yu, L Hwang, L Feigenbaum, AM Kruisbeek, SA Rosenberg
and NP Restifo. Induction of tumor regression and autoimmunity by
reversing the functionally tolerant state of self-reactive CD8^+^ T
cells. *J Exp Med*, 198 (4): 569-580, 2003.

117\. RA Morgan, ME Dudley, YYL Yu, Z Zheng, PF Robbins, MR Theoret, JR
Wunderlich, MS Hughes, NP Restifo and SA Rosenberg. High efficiency TCR
gene transfer into primary human lymphocytes affords avid recognition of
melanoma tumor antigen glycoprotein 100 and does not alter the
recognition of autologous melanoma antigens. *J Immunol*, 171:3287-3295,
2003.

118\. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, PF Robbins, JR Wunderlich, P Hwu, RM
Sherry, DJ Schwartzentruber, SL Topalian, NP Restifo, A Filie, R Chang
and ME Dudley. Cell transfer therapy for cancer: Lessons from sequential
treatments of a patient with metastatic melanoma. *J Immunother*,
26(5):385-393, 2003.

119\. T Murakami, AR Cardones, SE Finkelstein, NP Restifo, BA Klaunberg,
FO Nestle, SS Castillo, PA Dennis, and ST Hwang. Immune evasion by
murine melanoma mediated through CC chemokine receptor-10. *J Exp Med*,
198(9):1337-47, 2003.

120\. CA Klebanoff, SE Finkelstein, DR Surman, MK Lichtman, L Gattinoni,
MR Theoret, N Grewal, PJ Spiess, PA Antony, DC Palmer, Y Tagaya, SA
Rosenberg, TA Waldmann, NP Restifo. IL-15 enhances the in vivo antitumor
activity of tumor-reactive CD8^+^ T cells. *Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A*,
101(7):1969-74, 2004.

121\. WW Leitner, LN Hwang, ES Bergmann-Leitner, SE Finkelstein, S Frank
and NP Restifo. Apoptosis is essential for the increased efficacy of
alphaviral replicase-based DNA vaccines. *Vaccine*, 22(11-12):1537-44,
2004.

122\. SE Finkelstein, DM Heimann, CA Klebanoff, PA Antony, L Gattinoni,
CS Hinrichs, LN Hwang, DC Palmer, PJ Spiess, DR Surman, C Wrzesiniski, Z
Yu, SA Rosenberg, NP Restifo. Bedside to bench and back again: how
animal models are guiding the development of new immunotherapies for
cancer. *J Leukoc Biol,* 76(2):333-7, 2004.

123\. Z Yu, MR Theoret, CE Touloukian, DR Surman, TK Baxter, BM Baker
and NP Restifo. Metastable peptide/MHC complexes impair *in vivo*
induction of tumor/self-specific T cell responses. *J Clin Invest*,
114(4):551-9, 2004

124\. SA Rosenberg, JC Yang, NP Restifo. Cancer immunotherapy: moving
beyond current vaccines. *Nat Med,* 10(9):909-15, 2004

See Also: SA Rosenberg, JC Yang and NP Restifo. Reply to \"Cancer
vaccines: pessimism in check\".\
*Nat Med,* 2004 Dec;10(12):1279-80.

125\. Y Lou, G Wang, G Lizee, GJ Kim, SE Finkelstein, C Feng, NP Restifo
and P Hwu. Dendritic cells strongly boost the antitumor activity of
adoptively transferred T cells in vivo. *Cancer Res,* 15;64(18):6783-90,
2004.

126\. DC Palmer, S Balasubramaniam, K Hanada, C Wrzesinski, Z Yu, S
Farid, MR Theoret, LN Hwang, CA Klebanoff, L Gattinoni, AL Goldstein, JC
Yang and NP Restifo. Vaccine-stimulated, adoptively transferred CD8+ T
cells traffic indiscriminately and ubiquitously while mediating specific
tumor destruction. *J Immunol,* 173(12):7209-16, 2004

127\. NP Restifo and SA Rosenberg. Use of standard criteria for
assessment of cancer vaccines.\
*Lancet Oncol,* 6(1):3-4, 2005

128\. R Zeng, R Spolski, SE Finkelstein, S Oh, PE Kovanen, CS Hinrichs,
CA Pise-Masion, MF Radonovich, JN Brady, NP Restifo, JA Berzofsky and WJ
Leonard. Synergy of IL-21 and IL-15 in regulating CD8+ T cell expansion
and function. *J Exp Med,.*201(1):139-48, 2005

129\. CC Chang, M Campoli, NP Restifo, X Wang, S Ferrone. Immune
Selection of Hot-Spot {beta}2-Microglobulin Gene Mutations, HLA-A2
Allospecificity Loss, and Antigen-Processing Machinery Component
Down-Regulation in Melanoma Cells Derived from Recurrent Metastases
following Immunotherapy. *J Immunol,*174(3):1462-1471, 2005

130\. CA Klebanoff, HT Khong, PA Antony, DC Palmer, and NP Restifo.
Sinks, Suppressors and Antigen Presenters: How lymphodepletion enhances
T cell mediated tumor therapy. *Trends in Immunology*, 26(2): 111-7,
2005.

131\. PA Antony and NP Restifo. CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells,
immunotherapy of cancer, and interleukin-2. *J Immunother*, 28(2):120-8,
2005.

132\. PA Antony, CA Piccirillo, A Akpinarli, SE Finkelstein, PJ Speiss,
DR Surman, DC Palmer, CC Chan, CA Klebanoff, WW Overwijk, SA Rosenberg
and NP Restifo. CD8+ T cell immunity against a tumor/self-antigen is
augmented by CD4+ T helper cells and hindered by naturally occurring T
regulatory cells*. J Immunol,* 174(5): 2591-601, 2005.

133\. J Charo, SE Finkelstein, N Grewal, NP Restifo, PF Robbins and SA
Rosenberg. Bcl-2 over-expression results in prolonged survival of human
tumor specific T cells and leads to enhanced adoptive immunotherapy.
*Cancer Res*, 65(5): 2001-8, 2005.

134\. C Wrzesinski and NP Restifo. Less is more: lymphodepletion
followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplant augments adoptive
T-cell-based anti-tumor immunotherapy. *Cur Opin in Immunol*,

17(2): 195-201, 2005.

135\. ME Dudley, JR Wunderlich, JC Yang, RM Sherry, SL Topalian, NP
Restifo, RE Royal, U Kammula, DE White, SA Mavroukakis, LJ Rogers, GJ
Gracia, SA Jones, DP Mangiameli, MM Pelletier, J Gea-Banacloche, MR
Robinson, DM Berman, AC Filie, A Abati and Steven A. Rosenberg. Adoptive
cell transfer therapy following non-myeloablative but lymphodepleting
chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic
melanoma. *J Clin Oncol*, 23(10): 2346-57, 2005.

136\. OY Borbulevych, TK Baxter, Z Yu, NP Restifo and BM Baker.
Increased immunogenicity of an anchor-modified tumor-associated antigen
is due to the enhanced stablility of the peptide/MHC complex:
implications for vaccine design. *J Immunol*, 174(8): 4812-20, 2005.

137\. L Gattinoni, CA Klebanoff, DC Palmer, C Wrzesinski, K Kerstann, Z
Yu, SE Finkelstein, MR Theoret, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Acquisition
of full effector function in vitro paradoxically impairs the in vivo
anti-tumor efficacy of adoptively transferred CD8^+^ T cells. *J of Clin
Invest*, 115(6):1616-26, 2005.

138\. CA Klebanoff, L Gattinoni, P Torabi-Parizi, K Kerstann, AR
Cardones, SE Finkselstein, DC Palmer, PA Antony, ST Hwang, SA Rosenberg,
TA Waldmann and NP Restifo. Central memory tumor-reactive CD8^+^ T cells
confer superior anti-tumor immunity compared to effector memory T cells.
*Proc Natl of Sci (USA)*, 102(27):9571-6, 2005.

139\. P Attia, GQ Phan, AV Maker, MR Robinson, MM Quezado, JC Yang, RM
Sherry, SL Topalian, US Kammula, RE Royal, NP Restifo, LR Haworth, C
Levy, SA Mavroukakis, G Nichol, MJ Yellin, SA Rosenberg. Autoimmunity
correlates with tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma
treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4. *J Clin Oncol.,*
23(25):6043-53, 2005.

140\. Y Zhao, Z Zheng, CJ Cohen, L Gattinoni, DC Palmer, NP Restifo, SA
Rosenberg, RA Morgan. High-Efficiency Transfection of Primary Human and
Mouse T Lymphocytes Using RNA Electroporation. *Mol Ther.* Sep 1; \[Epub
ahead of print\], 2005

141\. L Gattinoni, SE Finkelstein, CA Klebanoff, PA Antony, DC Palmer,
PJ Spiess, LN Hwang,

Z Yu, C Wrzesinski, DM Heimann, CD Surh, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo.
Removal of homeostatic cytokine sinks by lymphodepletion enhances
autoimmunity and the effectiveness of adoptively transferred
tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. *J Exp Med*, 202(7):907-12, 2005.

142\. CS Hinrichs, DC Palmer, SA Rosenberg, NP Restifo. Glucocorticoids
do not inhibit anti-tumor activity of activated CD8+ T cells. *J of
Immunotherapy*, 28(6):517-24, 2005.

143\. SA Rosenberg, RM Sherry, KE Morton, WJ Scharfman, JC Yang, SL
Topalian, RE Royal, U Kammula, NP Restifo, MS Hughes, D Schwarzentruber,
DM Berman, SL Schwarz, LT Ngo, SA Mavroukakis, DE White and SM
Steinberg. Tumor Progression Can Occur despite the Induction of Very
High Levels of Self/Tumor Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Patients with
Melanoma. *J Immuno*l, 75(9):6169-76, 2005.

144\. LX Wang, R Li, G Yang, M Lim, A O'Hara, Y Chu, BA Fox, NP Restifo,
WJ Urba and HM Hu.

Interleukin-7-dependent expansion and persistence of melanoma-specific T
cells in lymphodepleted mice lead to tumor regression and editing.
*Cancer Res*, 65(22): 10569-77, 2005.

145\. ZS Guo, JA Hong, KR Irvine, GA Chen, PJ Spiess, Y Liu, G Zeng, JR
Wunderlich, DM Nguyen, NP Restifo, DS Schrump. De novo induction of a
cancer/testis antigen by 5-aza-2\'-deoxycytidine augments adoptive
immunotherapy in a murine tumor model. *Cancer Res*, 66(2):1105-13,
2006.

146\. LN Hwang, Z Yu, DC Palmer, NP Restifo. The in vivo expansion rate
of properly stimulated transferred CD8+ T cells exceeds that of an
aggressively growing mouse tumor. *Cancer Res*, 66(2):1132-8, 2006.

147\. R Schiavo, D Baatar, P Olkhanud, FE Indig, N Restifo, D Taub, A
Biragyn. Chemokine receptor targeting efficiently directs antigens to
MHC class I pathways and elicits antigen-specific CD8^+^ T cell
responses. *Blood*, \[Epub ahead of print\], 2006.

148\. SA Rosenberg, RM Sherry, KE Morton, JC Yang, SL Topalian, RE
Royal, US Kammula, NP Restifo, MS Hughes, SL Schwarz, LT Ngo, SA
Mavroukakis, DE White. Altered CD8+ T-cell responses when immunizing
with multiepitope peptide vaccines. *J Immunother*, 29(2):224-31, 2006.

149\. CS Hinrichs, L Gattinoni and NP Restifo. Programming CD8(+) T
cells for effective immunotherapy. *Curr Opin Immunol*. 2006
Jun;18(3):363-70. Epub 2006 Apr 17.

150\. [Overwijk WW, de Visser KE, Tirion FH, de Jong LA, Pols TW, van
der Velden YU, van den Boorn JG, Keller AM, Buurman WA, Theoret MR, Blom
B, Restifo NP, Kruisbeek AM, Kastelein RA, Haanen
JB.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16621986&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum)
Immunological and antitumor effects of IL-23 as a cancer vaccine
adjuvant. *J Immunol*. 2006 May 1;176(9):5213-22.

151\. [Antony PA, Paulos CM, Ahmadzadeh M, Akpinarli A, Palmer DC, Sato
N, Kaiser A, Heinrichs C, Klebanoff CA, Tagaya Y, Restifo
NP.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16621991&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum)
Interleukin-2-dependent mechanisms of tolerance and immunity in vivo. *J
Immunol*. 2006 May 1;176(9):5255-66.

152\. Gattinoni L, Powell DJ Jr, Rosenberg SA, Restifo NP Adoptive
immunotherapy for cancer: building on success. *Nat Rev Immunol*. 2006
May;6(5):383-93. .

153\. [Lindsey KR, Gritz L, Sherry R, Abati A, Fetsch PA, Goldfeder LC,
Gonzales MI, Zinnack KA, Rogers-Freezer L, Haworth L, Mavroukakis SA,
White DE, Steinberg SM, Restifo NP, Panicali DL, Rosenberg SA, Topalian
SL.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16638862&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum)Evaluation
of prime/boost regimens using recombinant poxvirus/tyrosinase vaccines
for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. *Clin Cancer
Res*. 2006 Apr 15;12(8):2526-37.

154\. [Cohen AD, Diab A, Perales MA, Wolchok JD, Rizzuto G, Merghoub T,
Huggins D, Liu C, Turk MJ, Restifo NP, Sakaguchi S, Houghton
AN.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16651447&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum)
Agonist anti-GITR antibody enhances vaccine-induced CD8(+) T-cell
responses and tumor immunity. *Cancer Res*. 2006 May 1;66(9):4904-12.

155\. Leitner WW, Bergmann-Leitner ES, Hwang LN, Restifo NP. Type I
Interferons are essential for the efficacy of replicase-based DNA
vaccines. *Vaccine*. 2006 Jun 12;24(24):5110-8. Epub 2006 May 6.

156\. Donohue KB, Grant JM, Tewalt EF, Palmer DC, Theoret MR, Restifo
NP, Norbury CC. Cross-priming utilizes antigen not available to the
direct presentation pathway. *Immunology*. 2006 Sep;119(1):63-73. Epub
2006 June 8.

157\. Klebanoff CA, Gattinoni L and Restifo NP. CD8+ T-cell memory in
tumor immunology and immunotherapy. *Immunol Rev*. 2006 Jun;211:214-24.

158\. Gattinoni L, Ranganathan A, Surman DR, Palmer DC, Antony PA,
Theoret MR, Heimann DM, Rosenberg SA and Restifo NP. CTLA-4
dysregulation of self/tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell function is CD4+ T
cell-dependent. *Blood*. 2006 Aug 1.

159\. Morgan RA, Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, Hughes MS, Yang JC, Sherry
RM, Royal RE, Topalian SL,

Kammula US, Restifo NP, Zheng Z, Nahvi A, de Vries CR, Rogers-Freezer
LJ, Mavroukakis SA, and Rosenberg SA. Cancer Regression in Patients
After Transfer of Genetically Engineered Lymphocytes. *Science*. 2006
Oct 6;314(5796):126-9. Epub 2006 Aug 31.

160\. Lee CH, Kakinuma T, Wang J, Zhang H, Palmer DC, Restifo NP and
Hwang ST. Sensitization of B16 tumor cells with a CXCR4 antagonist
increases the efficacy of immunotherapy for established lung metastases.
*Mol Cancer Ther.* 2006 Oct;5(10):2592-9.

161\. P Muranski, A Boni, C Wrzesinski, DE Citrin, SA Rosenberg, R
Childs and NP Restifo. Increased intensity lymphodepletion and adoptive
immunotherapy: How far can we go? *Nat Clin Pract Oncol.* 2006
Dec;3(12):668-81.

162\. C Wrzesinski, CM Paulos, L Gattinoni, DC Palmer, A Kaiser, Z Yu,
SA Rosenberg and Nicholas P. Restifo. Hematopoietic stem cells promote
the expansion and function of adoptively transferred anti-tumor CD8^+^ T
cells. *J Clin Invest.* 2007 Feb;117(2):492-501.

163\. Y Zhao, MR Parkhurst, Z Zheng, CJ Cohen, JP Riley, L Gattinoni, NP
Restifo, SA Rosenberg, Morgan RA. Extrathymic generation of
tumor-specific T cells from genetically engineered human hematopoietic
stem cells via Notch signaling. *Cancer Res.* 2007 Mar 15;67(6):2425-9.

164\. CM Paulos, C Wrzesinki, A Kaiser, CS Hinrichs, M Chieppa, L
Cassard, DC Palmer, A Boni, P Muranski, Z Yu, L Gattinoni, PA Antony, SA
Rosenberg, and NP Restifo. Microbial translocation augments the function
of adoptively transferred self/tumor-specific CD8+ T cells via TLR4
signaling.

J Clin Invest. 2007 Aug;117(8):2197-204.

165\. OY Borbulevych, TK Baxter, DJ Powell, Jr., LA Johnson^3^, NP
Restifo, and BM Baker. Structures of MART-1~26/27-35~ peptide/HLA-A2
complexes reveal broad T cell cross-reactivity in the absence of
structural homology.

166\. CM Paulos, A Kaiser, C Wrzesinski, CS Hinrichs, L Cassard, A Boni,
P Muranski, L Sanchez-Perez, DC Palmer, Z Yu, PA Antony, L Gattinoni, SA
Rosenberg, NP Restifo. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Sep 15; 13 (18 Pt 1):
5280-9.

Book Chapters and Miscellaneous

1\. NP Restifo. Antigen processing and presentation: An update.
*Biologic Therapy of Cancer Updates.* eds. VT DeVita, S Hellman and SA
Rosenberg. JB Lippincott Co. Publishers. Philadelphia, PA. 2(2): 1-10,
1992.

2\. NP Restifo, PJ Spiess, JJ Mulé and SA Rosenberg. Gene-modification
corrects an antigen presentation defect in a nonimmunogenic sarcoma and
elicits CD8^+^ T cells reactive against the wild-type tumor:
Implications for the immunotherapy of cancer. *J Immunotherapy.* 11(2):
140, 1992.

3\. JW Yewdell, R Anderson, JH Cox, LC Eisenlohr, F Esquivel, C Lapham,
NP Restifo and JR Bennink. The multiple uses of viruses for studying
antigen processing. *Seminars in Virology*. 4(2): 109-16, 1993.

4\. NP Restifo. Antigen presentation by IFN- releasing tumor cells*.*
[Cytokine Induced Tumor Immunogenicity]{.underline}. Eds., G Forni, R
Foá, A Santoni and L Frati. Academic Press, London, 22:307-28, 1994.

5\. NP Restifo. Vaccines against virally induced cancers. *FEBS
Letters*, 377(2):281, 1995.

6\. R Chamberlain, M Carroll, V Bronte, P Spiess, P Hwu, S Warren, B
Moss, SA Rosenberg and NP Restifo. Immunization with recombinant
vaccinia virus encoding the costimulatory molecules B7-1 and/or B7-2 and
a model tumor antigen mediates tumor regression and prolongs survival.
*Surg Forum.* 46:483-485, 1995.

7\. NP Restifo and J Wunderlich. Principles of tumor immunity: Biology
of cellular immune responses. [Biologic Therapy of Cancer]{.underline}.
V.T. DeVita, S. Hellman, and S.A. Rosenberg, Eds., J.B. Lippincott,
Philadelphia, pp 3-37, 1995.

8\. P Chen, M Wang, V Bronte, Y Zhai, KR Irvine, SA Rosenberg and NP
Restifo. Treatment of established murine tumor metastases by
immunization with recombinant adenovirus encoding a model
tumor-associated antigen. *Surg Forum.* 46:459-62, 1995.

9\. NP Restifo and M Wang. Antigen processing and presentation. [Tumor
Immunology]{.underline}: [Immunotherapy and Cancer
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