**Birds of the Conecticut River Watershed**

(from the Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge Final Action
Plan and Environmental Impact Statement, October, 1995, U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Hadley, MA)

Common name Scientific name

**Waterfowl**

Tundra swan *Cygnus columbianus*

Mute swan *Cygnus olor*

Canada goose *Branta canadensis*

Mallard *Anas platyrhynchos*

American black duck *Anas rubripes*

Gadwall *Anas strepera*

Green‑winged teal *Anas crecca*

American wigeon *Anas americana*

Northern pintail *Anas pintail*

Northern shoveler *Anas acuta*

Blue‑winged teal *Anas discors*

Ruddy duck *Oxyura jamaicensis*

Wood duck *Aix sponsa*

Canvasback *Aythya valisineria*

Redhead *Aythya americana*

Ring‑necked duck *Aythya collaris*

Greater scaup *Aythya marila*

Lesser scaup *Aythya affinis*

White‑winged scoter *Melanitta fusca*

Surf Scoter *Melanitta perspicillata*

Black scoter *Melanitta nigra*

Oldsquaw *Clangula hyemalis*

Common goldeneye *Bucephala clangula*

Bufflehead *Bucephala albeola*

Common merganser *Mergus merganser*

Red‑breasted merganser *Mergus serrator*

Hooded merganser *Lophodytes cucullatus*

**Shorebirds**

Piping plover *Charadrius melodus*

Semipalmated plover *Charadrius semipalmatus*

Killdeer *Charadrius vociferus*

Black‑bellied plover *Pluvialis squatarola*

Lesser golden plover *Pluvialis dominica*

Willet *Catoptrophorus semipalmatus*

Greater yellowlegs *Tringa melanoleuca*

Lesser yellowlegs *Tringa flavipes*

Solitary sandpiper *Tringa solitaria*

Spotted sandpiper *Actitis macularia*

Common snipe *Gallinago gallinago*

Semipalmated sandpiper *Callidris pusilla*

Least sandpiper *Calidris minutilla*

Pectoral sandpiper *Calidris melanotos*

Dunlin *Calidris alpina*

**Other water‑dependent birds**

Common loon *Gavia immer*

Red‑throated loon *Gavia stellata*

Red‑necked grebe *Podiceps grisegena*

Horned grebe *Podiceps auritus*

Pied‑billed grebe *Podilymbus podiceps*

Great cormorant *Phalacrocorax carbo*

Double‑crested cormorant *Phalacrocorax auritus*

Least bittern *Ixobrychus exilis*

American bittern *Botaurus lentiginosus*

Black‑crowned night‑heron *Nycticorax nycticorax*

Green‑backed heron *Butorides striatu*

Snowy egret *Egretta thula*

Great egret *Casmerodius albus*

Great blue heron *Ardea herodias*

Virginia rail *Rallus limicola*

Sora rail *Porzana carolina*

Common Moorhen *Gallinula chloropus*

American coot *Fulica americana*

Ring‑billed gull *Larus delawarensis*

Herring gull *Larus argentatus*

Bald eagle *Haliaeetus leucocephalus*

Northern harrier *Circus cyaneus*

Osprey *Pandion haliaetus*

Belted kingfisher *Megaceryle alcyon*

**Passerines and raptors ‑ seasonal breeders that do not winter in the
watershed**

Turkey vulture *Cathartes aura*

Broad‑winged hawk *Buteo platypterus*

Osprey *Pandion haliaetus*

American woodcock *Philohela minor*

Upland sandpiper *Bartramia longicauda*

Black‑billed cuckoo *Coccyzus erythropthalmus*

Yellow‑billed cuckoo *Coccyzus americanus*

Common nighthawk *Chordeiles minor*

Whip‑poor‑will *Caprimulgus vociferus*

Chimney swift *Chaetura pelagica*

Ruby‑throated hummingbird *Archilochus colubris*

Red‑headed woodpecker *Melanerpes erythrocephalus*

Red‑bellied woodpecker *Melanerpes carolinus*

Olive‑sided flycatcher *Nuttallornis borealis*

Eastern wood‑pewee *Contopus virens*

Yellow‑bellied flycatcher *Empidonax flaviventris*

Acadian flycatcher *Empidonax virescens*

Alder flycatcher *Empidonax alnorum*

Willow flycatcher *Empidonax traillii*

Least flycatcher *Emidonax minimus*

Eastern Phoebe *Sayornis phoebe*

Great Crested flycatcher *Myiarchus crinitus*

Eastern kingbird *Tyrannus tyrannus*

Purple martin *Progne subis*

Tree swallow *Iridoprocne bicolor*

Northern rough‑winged swallow *Stelgidopteryx ruficollis*

Bank swallow *Riparia riparia*

Cliff swallow *Petrochelidon pyrrhonota*

Barn swallow *Hirundo rustica*

House wren *Troglodytes aedon*

Sedge wren *Cistothorus platensis*

Marsh wren *Cistothorus palustris*

Blue‑grey gnatcatcher *Polioptila caerulea*

Veery^1^ *Catharus fuscescens*

Gray‑cheeked thrush *Catharus minimus*

Swainson\'s thrush^1^ *Catharus ustulatus*

Wood thrush^1^ *Hylocichla mustelina*

Gray catbird *Dumetella carolinensis*

Brown thrasher *Toxostoma rufum*

Loggerhead shrike *Lanius ludovicianus*

White‑eyed vireo *Vireo griseus*

Solitary vireo *Vireo solitarius*

Yellow‑throated vireo *Vireo flavifrons*

Warbling vireo *Vireo gilvus*

Philadelphia vireo *Vireo philadelphicus*

Red‑eyed vireo *Vireo olivaceus*

Blue‑winged warbler *Vermivora pinus*

Golden‑winged warbler *Vermivora chrysoptera*

Cerulean warbler^1^ *Dendroica cerulea*

Tennessee warbler *Vermivora peregrina*

Nashville warbler *Vermivora ruficapilla*

Northern Parula^1^ *Parula americana*

Yellow warbler *Dendroica petechia*

Chestnut‑sided warbler *Dendroica pensylvanica*

Magnolia warbler *Dendroica magnolia*

Cape May warbler *Dendroica tigrina*

Black‑throated blue warbler^1^ *Dendroica caerulescens*

Yellow‑rumped warbler *Dendroica coronata*

Black‑throated green warbler^1^ *Dendroica virens*

Blackburnian warbler^1^ *Dendroica fusca*

Pine warbler *Dendroica pinus*

Prairie warbler *Dendroica discolor*

Palm warbler *Dendroica palmarum*

Bay‑breasted warbler^1^ *Dendroica castanea*

Blackpoll warbler^1^ *Dendroica striata*

Black‑and‑white warbler^1^ *Mniotilta varia*

American redstart *Setophaga ruticilla*

Prothonatory warbler *Protonotario citrea*

Worm‑eating warbler^1^ *Helmitheros vermivorus*

Ovenbird^1^ *Seiurus aurocapillus*

Northern waterthrush^1^ *Seiurus noveboracensis*

Louisiana waterthrush^1^ *Seiurus motacilla*

Mourning warbler *Oporornis philadelphia*

Common yellowthroat *Geothlypis trichas*

Hooded warbler *Wilsonia citrina*

Wilson\'s warbler *Wilsonia pusilla*

Canada warbler^1^ *Wilsonia canadensis*

Scarlet tanager^1^ *Piranga olivacea*

Rose‑breasted grosbeak *Pheucticus ludovicianus*

Indigo bunting *Passerina cyanea*

Chipping sparrow *Spizella passerina*

Grasshopper sparrow *Ammodramus savannarum*

Henslow\'s sparrow *Ammodramus henslowii*

Lincoln\'s sparrow *Melospiza lincolnii*

Bobolink *Dolichonyx oryzivorus*

Red‑winged blackbird *Agelaius phoeniceus*

Orchard oriole *Icterus spurius*

Northern oriole *Icterus galbula*

^1^ Forest interior breeding birds

**Passerines and raptors ‑ residents that breed and winter within the
watershed**

Bald eagle *Haliaeetus leucocephalus*

Northern harrier *Circus cyaneus*

Northern goshawk *Accipiter gentilis*

Sharp‑shinned hawk *Accipiter striatus*

Cooper\'s hawk *Accipiter cooperii*

Red‑shouldered hawk^1^ *Buteo lineatus*

Red‑tailed hawk *Buteo jamaicensis*

American kestrel *Falco sparverius*

Peregrine falcon *Falco peregrinus*

Gray partridge *Perdix perdix*

Ring‑necked pheasant *Phasianus colchicus*

Spruce grouse *Canachites canadensis*

Ruffed grouse *Bonasa umbellus*

Wild turkey *Meleagris gallopavo*

Northern bobwhite *Colinus virginianus*

Killdeer *Charadrius vociferous*

Rock dove *Columba livia*

Mourning dove *Zenaida macroura*

Common barn owl *Tyto alba*

Eastern screech owl *Otus asio*

Great horned owl *Bubo virginianus*

Barred owl^1^ *Strix varia*

Long‑eared owl *Asio otus*

Northern saw‑whet owl *Aegolius acadicus*

Belted Kingfisher *Megaceryle alcyon*

Yellow‑bellied sapsucker *Sphyrapicus varius*

Downy woodpecker *Picoides pubescens*

Hairy woodpecker^1^ *Picoides villosus*

Three‑toed woodpecker *Picoides tridactylus*

Black‑backed woodpecker *Picoides arcticus*

Northern flicker *Colaptes auratus*

Pileated woodpecker^1^ *Dryocopus pileatus*

Horned lark *Eremophila alpestris*

Gray jay *Perisoreus canadensis*

Blue jay *Cyanocitta cristata*

American crow *Corvus brachyrhynchos*

Fish crow *Corvus ossifragus*

Common raven *Crocus corax*

Black‑capped chickadee *Parus atricapillus*

Boreal chickadee *Parus hudsonicus*

Tufted titmouse *Parus bicolor*

Red‑breasted nuthatch *Sitta canadensis*

White‑breasted nuthatch *Sitta carolinensis*

Brown creeper *Certhia familiaris*

Carolina wren *Thryothorus ludovicianus*

Winter wren *Troglodytes troglodytes*

Golden‑crowned kinglet *Regulus satrapa*

Ruby‑crowned kinglet *Regulus calendula*

Eastern bluebird *Sialia sialis*

Hermit thrush *Catharus guttatus*

American robin *Turdus migratorius*

Northern mockingbird *Mimus polyglottos*

Cedar waxwing *Bombycilla cedrorum*

European starling *Sturnus vulgaris*

Yellow‑breasted chat *Icteria virens*

Northern cardinal *Cardinalis cardinalis*

Rufous‑sided towhee *Pipilo erythrophthalmus*

Field sparrow *Spizella pusilla*

Vesper sparrow *Pooecetes gramineus*

Savannah sparrow *Passerculus sandwichensis*

Song sparrow *Melospiza melodia*

Swamp sparrow *Melospiza georgiana*

White‑throated sparrow *Zonotrichia albicollis*

Dark‑eyed junco *Junco hyemalis*

Eastern meadowlark *Sturnella magna*

Rusty blackbird *Euphagus carolinus*

Common grackle *Quiscalus quiscula*

Brown‑headed cowbird *Molothrus ater*

Purple finch *Carpodacus purpureus*

House finch *Carpodacus mexicanus*

Red crossbill *Loxia curvirostra*

White‑winged crossbill *Loxia leucoptera*

Pine siskin *Carduelis pinus*

American goldfinch *Carduelis tristis*

Evening grosbeak *Hesperiphona vespertina*

House sparrow *Passer domesticus*

^1^ Forest interior breeding birds

**Passerines and raptors ‑ winter residents that do not breed in the
watershed**

Golden eagle *Aquila chrysaetos*

Rough legged hawk *Buteo lagopus*

Snowy owl *Nyctea scandiaca*

Northern hawk owl *Surnia ulula*

Great grey owl *Strix nebulosa*

Short‑eared owl *Asio flammeus*

Boreal owl *Aegolius funereus*

Bohemian waxwing *Bombycilla garrulus*

Northern shrike *Lanius excubitor*

American tree sparrow *Spizella arborea*

Fox sparrow *Passerella iliaca*

Lapland longspur *Calcarius lapponicus*

Snow bunting *Plectrophenax nivalis*

Pine grosbeak *Pinicola enucleator*

Common redpoll *Carduelis flammea*

Hoary redpoll *Carduelis hornemanni*