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**Brookhaven National Laboratory**

**Brookhaven LINAC Isotope Producer Facility**

**Facility Environmental Monitoring Report**

**Calendar Year 2001**

![](media/image2.png){width="2.1333333333333333in"
height="0.7909722222222222in"}

### 

##### April 23, 2002

Prepared by:

D. Paquette, B. Hooda and M. Allocco

##### Environmental Services Division

###### GW63ER.02

##### 

##### 

##### **Brookhaven National Laboratory**

##### **Brookhaven LINAC Isotope Producer**

##### **Facility Environmental Monitoring Report**

**Calendar Year 2001**

***Summary of Results**:*

*During May-June 2000, BNL and DOE undertook additional protective
measures by injecting a colloidal silica grout to reduce the
permeability of the activated soils. However, groundwater monitoring
conducted after the grout was injected indicated that the grout had
displaced residual contaminated soil pore water. This contaminated water
quickly entered the aquifer, and resulted in a short-term impact to
groundwater quality in the BLIP area. By October 2000, tritium
concentrations up to 56,500 pCi/L were detected in a well located
approximately 40 feet downgradient of the BLIP target vessel. By the end
of December 2000, tritium concentrations dropped to below the 20,000
pCi/L drinking water standard. Continued monitoring during 2001 was able
to track the slug of contaminated groundwater to a distance of 150 feet
downgradient of the BLIP facility. The maximum tritium concentration
observed at this distance was 60,800 pCi/L in July 2001. Tritium
concentrations declined to less than 20,000 pCi/L by November 2001.*

*During CY 2001, the average concentrations of the short-lived gaseous
emissions were characterized as 2.32E+03 curies of carbon-11 and 7.15
E+3 curies of oxygen-15. The contribution to the effective dose
equivalent from these emissions to the members of the public was
0.132mrem/ year. Although, there was an increase in the quantity of air
emissions, this increase did not significantly impact the effective dose
to members of the public because these radionuclides are in the form of
gases that have short half-lives (O-15: 122 seconds; and C-11: 20.48
minutes). Tritium emissions for 2001 were in micro curie quantities.
Although tritium has half-life of 12.3 years, the release quantity was
insignificant from a risk perspective.*

###### Background

When the BLIP is operating, the LINAC delivers a 200 MeV beam of protons
that impinge on a series of eight targets located within the BLIP target
vessel. During irradiation, the BLIP targets are located at the bottom
of a 30-foot underground tank. The targets rest inside a water-filled
18-inch diameter shaft that runs the length of the tank, and are cooled
by a 500 gallon closed loop primary cooling system. During irradiation,
several radionuclides are produced in the cooling water, and activation
of the soils immediately outside of the tank occurs due to the creation
of secondary particles produced at the target. Air emissions from the
BLIP facility pass through a HEPA filtration system. Following
filtration, small quantities of oxygen-15 and tritium are released to
the atmosphere.

As part of a 1985 redesign of the vessel, leak detection devices were
installed, and the open space between the water filled shaft and
vessel's outer wall is used as secondary containment system for the
primary vessel. The BLIP target vessel system conforms to Suffolk County
Article 12 requirements, and is registered with SCDHS. The BLIP facility
also has a 500 gallon-capacity UST used for liquid radioactive waste
(change out water from the BLIP primary system). The waste tank and its
associated piping system conform to Article 12 requirements, and are
registered with SCDHS.

In 1998, BNL conducted an extensive evaluation of groundwater quality
near the BLIP facility. Tritium concentrations of 52,000 pCi/L and
sodium-22 up to 151 pCi/L, were detected in a temporary well installed
approximately 50 feet downgradient of the BLIP target vessel. Elevated
levels of tritium (11,400 pCi/L) and sodium-22 (at 38 pCi/L) were also
detected in shallow groundwater samples collected from a temporary well
that was installed 150 feet downgradient of the BLIP. Due to the
activation of soils and the detection of tritium and sodium-22 in
groundwater, the BLIP facility has been designated as AOC 16K under the
Environmental Restoration program.

Starting in 1998, BNL made improvements to the stormwater management
program at BLIP in an effort to prevent rainwater infiltration of the
activated soils below the building. The BLIP building's roof drains were
redirected away from the building, paved areas were resealed, and an
extensive gunnite (cement) cap was installed on three sides of the
building. In May-June 2000, BNL undertook additional protective measures
by injecting a colloidal silica grout into the activated soils. The
grout reduces the permeability of the soils, thus further reducing the
potential of rainwater leaching radionuclides out of the soil and into
groundwater.

###### Environmental Monitoring Program

As required by DOE Order 5400.1, BNL has established an environmental
monitoring program at the BLIP facility to evaluate potential impacts to
environmental quality from its operation, and to demonstrate compliance
with DOE requirements and applicable federal, state and local laws and
regulations.

The environmental monitoring program for the BLIP facility is described
in the BNL Environmental Monitoring Plan (Daum *et al*. 2000 and BNL,
2001). The monitoring programs are summarized below.

###### 

###### Monitoring Results

**Groundwater**

During 1999 and early 2000, seven new groundwater monitoring wells were
installed as a means of verifying that the engineered and administrative
controls described above are effective in protecting groundwater
quality.

As noted in the CY 2000 monitoring report (BNL, 2001), groundwater
monitoring data collected from January 1999 to July 2000 indicated that
the corrective actions taken during 1998 were highly effective in
preventing the release of tritium and sodium-22 from the activated soils
surrounding the BLIP target vessel. However, significant increases in
tritium and sodium-22 concentrations were observed in groundwater
samples collected after the silica grout injection process in late
May-early June 2000. Samples collected in early July indicated tritium
and sodium-22 concentrations of 5,700 pCi/L and 57 pCi/L, respectively.
By early October, groundwater data indicated tritium concentrations
increased to a maximum of 56,500 pCi/L in samples from monitoring well
064-67, located approximately 40 feet downgradient of the BLIP vessel.
In accordance with the BNL Groundwater Contingency Plan, BNL and DOE
notified the regulatory agencies of this situation and increased the
groundwater sampling frequency to bi-weekly. At the request of the
agencies, the well sampling frequency was increased to weekly starting
December 1, 2000. The maximum sodium-22 concentration was 299 pCi/L
detected in Well 064-67 on December 1, 2000. By December 21, 2000,
tritium concentrations dropped to below the 20,000 pCi/L drinking water
standard in wells located approximately 40 feet downgradient of BLIP,
and weekly sampling of the wells was discontinued by the end of January
2001. Tritium concentrations in these wells did not exceed 7,000 pCi/L
during 2001. As the slug of tritium continued to migrate downgradient of
BLIP, concentrations in Well 064-50 increased to 20,000 pCi/L by
December 28, 2000. Well 064-50 is located approximately 150 feet
downgradient of BLIP. Well 064-50 was sampled monthly during 2001 (Table
1). Tritium concentrations in Well 064-50 reached a maximum of 60,800
pCi/L in July 2001, and then declined to less than 20,000 pCi/L by
November 2001 (Figure 3). There was good correlation between modeled and
observed tritium concentrations in Well 064-50, and it is expected that
peak tritium concentrations in the plume will drop below the drinking
water standard at all locations by September 2002 (Sullivan, 2001)

*Post-Grouting Assessment*: Following the detection of elevated tritium
concentrations in October 2000, BNL conducted a review of the grouting
process. Findings of this review suggest that that grout displaced
residual vadose zone soil pore water that was contaminated with tritium.
The pattern of decreasing tritium concentrations in wells directly
downgradient of BLIP indicate a short-term (pulsed) tritium release and
that the plume has dissipated quickly in the aquifer. Although the
grouting process had a short-term impact on groundwater quality, it is
believed that the process will provide long-term benefits in reducing
the permeability of the contaminated soil shielding. Information on the
potential for displacing residual pore water will be used to improve
this innovative grouting technology.

**Air Monitoring**

Air emissions from the BLIP facility pass through a HEPA and charcoal
filtration system before being released through a 16-meter stack. Air
emissions are monitored by fixed, continuously operating sampling
devices: silica gel to sample tritiated water vapor, a particulate
matter filter (0.3 microns) for analysis of gamma-emitting
radionuclides, and a TEDA-loaded charcoal cartridge for radioiodine
detection. Radiological gases emissions, such as oxygen-15, and
carbon-11, are estimated by the fluence rate and hours of machine
operation in micro-ampere-hours. The conversion factor and measured
activity (i.e., mCi/micro-ampere-hrs) are used in estimating the curies
of emissions. The conversion factor used prior to CY 2000 was 0.30
mCi/uA-hrs.

In CY 2001, the average concentrations of the short-lived gaseous
emissions were characterized as 2.32E+03 curies of carbon-11 and 7.15
E+3 curies of oxygen-15. The contribution to the effective dose
equivalent from these emissions to the members of the public was 0.132
mrem/year. These emissions did not significantly impact the effective
dose to members of the public because these radionuclides are in the
form of gases that have very short half-lives (O-15: 122 seconds; and
C-11: 20.48 minutes). The increase was due to an increased period of
operation for BLIP and a re-characterization of air emissions from the
facility; namely the identification of C-11 as an effluent.

Tritium air emissions for the calendar year 2001 were in the micro curie
range, and posed insignificant dose consequences. The air emissions were
well below the derived concentration guide limits for the members of the
public. Therefore, it can be safely concluded that there was negligible
impact to the environment from air emissions from BLIP operations.

**Future Monitoring Actions**

It is recommended that:

-   Groundwater samples should continue to be collected quarterly until
    CY 2003. Samples should be collected quarterly for tritium analyses
    and semiannually for gamma spectroscopy (to evaluate Na-22
    concentrations).

-   Starting in CY 2003, groundwater monitoring schedule should be
    reduced from quarterly to semiannually.

-   The air monitoring program will be continued at its current level
    with improved sampling, analytical methods, and data verification
    and validation.

-   A proposal with recommended sampling frequency and monitoring for
    the short-lived gases should be made to the Environmental Protection
    Agency because the effective dose equivalent to member of the public
    is at 1% of the NESHAPs standard.

**References**

BNL, 2001. Brookhaven National Laboratory Environmental Monitoring Plan,
CY 2001 Update (January 2001). BNL-52584 (Update).

Daum, M., Dorsch, W., Fry, J., Green, T., Lee, R., Naidu, J., Paquette,
D., Scarpitta, S., and Schroeder, G., 2000. Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Environmental Monitoring Plan 2000 (March 31, 2000).
BNL-52584.

Sullivan, T., 2001. Revised Modeling of the BLIP Tritium Plume. BNL
Memorandum to D. Bennett dated October 4, 2001.

BNL Facility Groundwater Monitoring Program

Brookhaven LINAC Isotope Producer (BLIP)

Summary of Tritium and Sodium-22 Results for CY 2001

(pCi/L)

Page 1 of 4

+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| **Well**     | **Ra | January  | January   | January   | January   |
|              | dion | 4-5      | 11        | 18        | 25        |
|              | ucli |          |           |           |           |
|              | de** |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-46        | Tri  | \<324    | NS        | NS        | NS        |
| (upgradient) | tium |          |           |           |           |
|              |      | ND       |           |           |           |
|              | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 54-61        | Tri  | \<308    | NS        | NS        | NS        |
| (upgradient) | tium |          |           |           |           |
|              |      | ND       |           |           |           |
|              | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-47 (\~40  | Tri  | 508 +/-  | 701 +/-   | 629 +/-   | 646 +/-   |
| feet         | tium | 212      | 245       | 243       | 212       |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    | ND       | 2.8 +/-   | 2.0 +/-   | 3.2 +/-   |
|              | odiu |          | 1.5       | 0.9       | 1.1       |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-48 (\~40  | Tri  | 977 +/-  | 1,530 +/- | 1,760 +/- | 1,580 +/- |
| feet         | tium | 223      | 283       | 297       | 251       |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    | 9.4 +/-  | 9.9 +/-   | 9.9 +/-   | 10.8 +/-  |
|              | odiu | 1.6      | 1.7       | 1.7       | 1.8       |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-67 (\~40  | Tri  | 10,400   | 12,200    | 11,700    | 7,790 +/- |
| feet         | tium | +/- 499  | +/- 585   | +/- 577   | 445       |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    | 149.0    | 132.0 +/- | 111.0 +/- | 99.8 +/-  |
|              | odiu | +/- 11.2 | 10.2      | 8.8       | 7.8       |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-49 (\~150 | Tri  | \<308    | NS        | NS        | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          |           |           |           |
| d            |      | ND       |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-50 (\~150 | Tri  | \<308    | 13,500    | 18,600    | 9,100 +/- |
| feet         | tium |          | +/- 613   | +/- 710   | 485       |
| d            |      | 23.7 +/- |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    | 2.7      | 26.7 +/-  | 27.7 +/-  | 24.6 +/-  |
|              | odiu |          | 2.8       | 3.1       | 2.8       |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-02 (\~450 | Tri  | NS       | NS        | NS        | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          |           |           |           |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+

ND: Radionuclide not detected.

NS: Well not sampled during this period.

Note: Drinking water standard for tritium = 20,000 pCi/L; for sodium-22
= 400 pCi/L.

BNL Facility Groundwater Monitoring Program

Brookhaven LINAC Isotope Producer (BLIP)

Summary of Tritium and Sodium-22 Results for CY 2001

(pCi/L)

Page 2 of 4

+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| **Well**     | **Ra | February | March 12  | March 28  | April 10  |
|              | dion | 27       |           |           |           |
|              | ucli |          |           |           |           |
|              | de** |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-46        | Tri  | NS       | NS        | NS        | \<323     |
| (upgradient) | tium |          |           |           |           |
|              |      |          |           |           | ND        |
|              | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 54-61        | Tri  | NS       | NS        | NS        | NS        |
| (upgradient) | tium |          |           |           |           |
|              |      |          |           |           |           |
|              | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-47 (\~40  | Tri  | 574 +/-  | NS        | NS        | 348 +/-   |
| feet         | tium | 238      |           |           | 226       |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    | 8.0 +/-  |           |           | 14.9 +/-  |
|              | odiu | 1.8      |           |           | 1.9       |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-48 (\~40  | Tri  | 2,050    | NS        | NS        | 3,900 +/- |
| feet         | tium | +/- 308  |           |           | 377       |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    | 12.8 +/- |           |           | 74.8 +/-  |
|              | odiu | 2.1      |           |           | 6.7       |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-67 (\~40  | Tri  | 5,730    | NS        | NS        | 751 +/-   |
| feet         | tium | +/- 437  |           |           | 246       |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    | 106.0    |           |           | 32.4 +/-  |
|              | odiu | +/- 8.4  |           |           | 3.7       |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-49 (\~150 | Tri  | NS       | NS        | NS        | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          |           |           |           |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-50 (\~150 | Tri  | 11,700   | 16,000    | 20,700    | 28,300    |
| feet         | tium | +/- 582  | +/- 631   | +/- 737   | +/- 872   |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    | 24.8 +/- | 30.6 +/-  | 64.8 +/-  | 101 +/-   |
|              | odiu | 2.8      | 3.3       | 5.9       | 8.3       |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-02 (\~450 | Tri  | NS       | NS        | NS        | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          |           |           |           |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+

ND: Radionuclide not detected.

NS: Well not sampled during this period.

Note: Drinking water standard for tritium = 20,000 pCi/L; for sodium-22
= 400 pCi/L.

BNL Facility Groundwater Monitoring Program

Brookhaven LINAC Isotope Producer (BLIP)

Summary of Tritium and Sodium-22 Results for CY 2001

(pCi/L)

Page 3 of 4

+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| **Well**     | **Ra | April 27 | June 20   | July 23   | August 28 |
|              | dion |          |           |           |           |
|              | ucli |          |           |           |           |
|              | de** |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-46        | Tri  | NS       | \<337     | NS        | NS        |
| (upgradient) | tium |          |           |           |           |
|              |      |          | ND        |           |           |
|              | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 54-61        | Tri  | NS       | NS        | NS        | NS        |
| (upgradient) | tium |          |           |           |           |
|              |      |          |           |           |           |
|              | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-47 (\~40  | Tri  | NS       | \<337     | NS        | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          |           |           |           |
| d            |      |          | 6.9 +/-   |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          | 1.4       |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-48 (\~40  | Tri  | NS       | 4,640 +/- | NS        | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          | 427       |           |           |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          | 22 +/-    |           |           |
|              | odiu |          | 2.6       |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-67 (\~40  | Tri  | NS       | 3,920 +/- | NS        | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          | 402       |           |           |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          | 15.6 +/-  |           |           |
|              | odiu |          | 2.1       |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-49 (\~150 | Tri  | NS       | NS        | \<364     | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          |           |           |           |
| d            |      |          |           | ND        |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-50 (\~150 | Tri  | 33,700   | 35,800    | 60,800    | 53,500    |
| feet         | tium | +/- 837  | +/- 1,040 | +/- 1,300 | +/- 1,100 |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    | 143 +/-  | 188 +/-   | 304 +/-   | 337 +/-   |
|              | odiu | 10.9     | 14.6      | 25        | 23.7      |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-02 (\~450 | Tri  | NS       | NS        | \<365     | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          |           |           |           |
| d            |      |          |           | ND        |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+

ND: Radionuclide not detected.

NS: Well not sampled during this period.

Note: Drinking water standard for tritium = 20,000 pCi/L; for sodium-22
= 400 pCi/L.

BNL Facility Groundwater Monitoring Program

Brookhaven LINAC Isotope Producer (BLIP)

Summary of Tritium and Sodium-22 Results for CY 2001

(pCi/L)

Page 4 of 4

+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| **Well**     | **Ra | S        | October   | November  | December  |
|              | dion | eptember | 22        | 26        | 27        |
|              | ucli | 26       |           |           |           |
|              | de** |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-46        | Tri  | NS       | \<397     | NS        | NS        |
| (upgradient) | tium |          |           |           |           |
|              |      |          | ND        |           |           |
|              | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 54-61        | Tri  | NS       | NS        | NS        | NS        |
| (upgradient) | tium |          |           |           |           |
|              |      |          |           |           |           |
|              | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-47 (\~40  | Tri  | NS       | \<409     | NS        | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          |           |           |           |
| d            |      |          | 3.6 +/-   |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          | 1.3       |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-48 (\~40  | Tri  | NS       | 2,310 +/- | NS        | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          | 340       |           |           |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          | 4.7 +/-   |           |           |
|              | odiu |          | 1.4       |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-67 (\~40  | Tri  | NS       | 6,920 +/- | NS        | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          | 499       |           |           |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          | 78 +/-    |           |           |
|              | odiu |          | 6.3       |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-49 (\~150 | Tri  | NS       | NS        | NS        | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          |           |           |           |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-50 (\~150 | Tri  | 36,400   | 26,800    | 18,000    | 18,800    |
| feet         | tium | +/-      | +/- 902   | +/- 663   | +/- 810   |
| d            |      | 1,090    |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          | 245 +/-   | 269 +/-   | NA        |
|              | odiu | 275 +/-  | 19.7      | 23        |           |
|              | m-22 | 19.6     |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 64-02 (\~450 | Tri  | NS       | NS        | NS        | NS        |
| feet         | tium |          |           |           |           |
| d            |      |          |           |           |           |
| owngradient) | S    |          |           |           |           |
|              | odiu |          |           |           |           |
|              | m-22 |          |           |           |           |
+--------------+------+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+

NA: Not analyzed for this radionuclide.

ND: Radionuclide not detected.

NS: Well not sampled during this period.

Note: Drinking water standard for tritium = 20,000 pCi/L; for sodium-22
= 400 pCi/L.

**BNL Facility Environmental Report**

**Brookhaven LINAC Isotope Producer**

**Tritium and Sodium-22 Concentration Trends in Groundwater during CY
2000-2001**

**Figure 2**

![](media/image3.wmf)

**BNL Facility Environmental Report**

**Brookhaven LINAC Isotope Producer**

**Tritium and Sodium-22 Concentration Trends in Groundwater during CY
2000-2001**

**Figure 3**

![](media/image4.wmf)

![](media/image5.png)