**National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC or CDC Injury
Center) Update: November-December 2006**

The purpose of this Monthly Listserv Update is to keep NCIPC's partners
and colleagues informed about the Center's programs, research, and
initiatives. The current Listserv Update highlights:

-   NCIPC's Strategic Injury Communication Planning Tools

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-   Recent Publications, Meetings and Presentations involving NCIPC

We welcome your input and response to these updates.

**NCIPC's Strategic Injury Communication Planning Tools**

CDC's Injury Center has developed the *NCIPC Injury Communication
Planning Tools* to meet the need for evidence-based, prioritized and
strategic communication initiatives and practices to prevent injuries
and reduce their severity. The *Injury Communication Planning Tools* is
the result of a year-long collaborative effort between communication
specialists across the Injury Center with assistance from a marketing
and communication contractor, ORC Macro.

The *NCIPC Injury Communication Planning Tools* include four elements:
Communication Objectives Model, Communication Objectives Assessment
Checklist, Strategy Guidelines for Meeting Objectives, and Standard
Operating Procedures. Each was developed from a review of nearly forty
injury-specific communication research reports and planning documents,
and synthesizes more than one dozen relevant health communication
theories. The result is a set of tools based on a socio-ecological model
that recognizes that there are numerous overlapping audiences affected
by injury. These audiences include individuals who may be at high risk
for injuries, but also audiences and organizations that make and enforce
laws, employ individuals, and work to make our communities safer and
healthier.

The Communication Objectives Model contains a new framework for thinking
about communication message design and function. It recognizes that any
audience---be it individual, organizational, community or society---must
first possess awareness of injury's prevalence, relevance and
preventability, *and* a desire for solutions, before moving along a
continuum towards increasing safe and healthy behaviors and
interventions. This Model, together with the other *Injury Communication
Planning Tools*, provides a practical framework for using communication
effectively to reduce injury-related morbidity, mortality and
disability.

**Recent Publications, Meetings and Presentations Involving NCIPC**

([Non]{.underline}-CDC Injury Center names are in *italics*.)

**[Journal Publications]{.underline}**

**Date: November 2006 (Vol. 61, No. 5, pp. 1234-1243)**

**Journal: Journal of Trauma**

**Title: Injury Hospitalizations: Using the Nationwide Inpatient
Sample**

**Authors: Arlene I. Greenspan, DrPH, MS, MPH; Victor G. Coronado, MD,
MPH; *Ellen J. MacKenzie, PhD*; *Jane Schulman, PhD*; *Ben Pierce, MS*;
*George Provenzano, PhD***

This study is a retrospective analysis of hospital discharge data using
the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. All hospital discharges with a primary
diagnosis of injury were selected. Total number of hospitalizations,
annual discharge rates, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by
body region, nature of injury, and injury mechanism. Number of injuries
by age, sex, body region and nature of injury were also calculated for
falls and motor vehicle crashes. In 2000, there were an estimated
1,690,780 hospital discharges with a primary injury diagnosis. Discharge
rates were highest for the oldest age groups. Falls and motor vehicle
crashes were the leading causes of hospitalization. Fracture was the
most common diagnosis and lower extremity injury was the most common
anatomic region.

**Date: November 2006 (Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 752.e1-752.e7)**

**Publication: Journal of Adolescent Health**

**Title: The Association between Self-Reported Lifetime History of
Forced Sexual Intercourse and Recent Health-Risk Behaviors: Findings
from the 2003 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)**

**Authors: Kathleen Basile, PhD; Michele Lynberg, PhD, MPH; Thomas R.
Simon, PhD; Ileana Arias, PhD; Nancy Brener, PhD; and Linda Saltzman,
PhD**

The purpose of this study was to expand the understanding of the
association between recent health risk behaviors and a history of forced
sexual intercourse, using a nationally representative sample of female
and male high school students. A lifetime history of forced sex is
associated with recent dating violence and participation in unhealthy
behaviors. Services and intervention programs for victimized youth
should address health concerns that have been linked to sexual assault.
Such programs would provide opportunities for early intervention with
lasting implications for improved health.

**Date: November 2006 (Vol. 118, No. 5, pp. 1978-1984)**

**Publication: Pediatrics**

**Title: School Bus-related Injuries Among Children and Teenagers in the
United States, 2001-2003**

**Authors: *Jennifer McGeehan MPH*; J. Lee Annest PhD; *Madhavi Vajani
MPH*; *Marilyn Bull MD*; *Phyllis E. Agran MD, MPH*; *Gary A. Smith, MD,
DrPH***

This is the first study to describe nonfatal school bus-related injuries
to U.S. children and teenagers aged 19 years and younger treated in U.S.
hospital EDs using a national sample. Based on 2001-2003 data from the
National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program, an
estimated 51,100 children with school bus-related injuries are treated
in hospital EDs annually. A majority of the injuries resulted from motor
vehicle crashes (42.3%) or from boarding, alighting or approaching the
bus (23.8%). Head injuries accounted for more than half of all injuries
among children younger than 10 years of age.

**Date: November 2006 (Vol. 31, No. 11, pp. 2014-2029)**

**Publication: Addictive Behaviors**

**Title: Alcohol and Violence: Comparison of the Psychosocial Correlates
of Adolescent Involvement in Alcohol-related Physical Fighting Versus
Other Physical Fighting**

**Authors: Monica H. Swahn, PhD and *John E. Donovan, PhD***

This study examined the demographic and psychosocial correlates of
alcohol-related physical fighting and other physical fighting to
determine if the predictors for aggressive behaviors are similar or
different when alcohol is involved. Analyses were based on the National
Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which is a nationally
representative school-based sample of adolescents in grades 7 through 12
(N =18,924). Overall, 38% of adolescent drinkers reported fighting,
including 12% who reported alcohol-related fighting and 26% who reported
other physical fighting. The correlates of alcohol-related fighting
differed by age and by race/ethnicity. Moreover, since the correlates of
alcohol-related fighting pertain mostly to the frequency and quantity of
alcohol use and to having alcohol-related problems, prevention efforts
that seek to reduce alcohol use or delay alcohol use initiation may also
reduce alcohol-related fighting.

**Date: November/December 2006 (Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 537-543**

**Publication: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation**

**Title: Nonfatal Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Hospitalization in Very
Young Children -- 15 States, 1999**

**Authors: *Julie A. Eisele, PhD*; Scott R Kegler, PhD; *Roger B. Trent,
PhD*; Victor G. Coronado, MD, MPH**

This report presents incidence rates of hospitalization associated with
traumatic brain injury (TBI) among children less than two years of age
using month-of-age groupings. The analysis was based on CDC TBI
surveillance data for the year 1999 (covering nearly all hospitals in 15
states and the final year with this level of geographic coverage). The
analysis of data by month of age reveals peak rates of TBI-related
hospitalization occurring in the first few months of life, a pattern
that is obscured when using wider age groupings. The report also
presents rates by month of age and year of age for selected cause and
diagnosis groupings. These findings can be used to supplement previous
information to further guide prevention efforts, and suggest that such
efforts may need to emphasize the unusually high risk during the
earliest months of life.

##### [MMWR Articles]{.underline}

**Date: November 17, 2006 (Vol. 55, No. 45, pp. 1221-1224)**

**Title: Fatalities and Injuries from Falls Among Older Adults---United
States, 1993-2003 and 2001-2005**

**Authors: Judy Stevens, PhD; George Ryan, PhD; Marcie-Jo Kresnow, MS**

This report examines national trends in the rates of fatal fall injuries
(1993--2003), hip fracture hospitalizations (1993--2003), and nonfatal
injuries treated in hospital emergency departments (2001--2005) among
adults aged [\>]{.underline}65.

##### [Meetings and Presentations]{.underline}

**Date: November 2-4, 2006**

**Conference: Society for Public Health Education Annual Meeting**
(Boston, MA)

David Sleet, PhD, moderated a session on injury and violence prevention
research. He also represented CDC at the awards banquet.

**Date: November 4-8, 2006**

**Conference: American Public Health Association** (Boston, MA)

Lee Annest, PhD, participated in a data roundtable session entitled,
*Annual Exploration of Injury Data Issues*. Tadesse Haileyesus, MS,
presented a poster entitled *Nonfatal Pedal Cyclist Injuries Involving
Motor Vehicles on the Road, United States, 2001-2004.* Karin A. Mack,
PhD, presented posters entitled, *Emergency Department-Treated Injuries
Sustained by Infants, United States 2001--2004, National Electronic
Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP)*; and *Snake
Bites Treated in U.S. Emergency Departments, 2001-2003 National
Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP*).
Jane Mitchko, MEd, presented a poster on the development,
implementation, and evaluation of the coaches' tool kit entitled, *Heads
Up: Concussion in High School Sports.* Alex Crosby, MD, MPH, and Rebecca
Leeb, PhD, presented a poster entitled *The Impact of Child Maltreatment
and Intimate Partner Violence Surveillance Initiatives.*

**Date: November 13, 2006**

**Meeting: Verizon Foundation Forum** (Basking Ridge, NJ)

Corinne Graffunder, MPH, represented CDC at a one-day forum convened by
the Verizon Foundation to raise awareness of domestic violence and its
effect on families, encourage collaboration on prevention programs, and
discuss how technology can aid program delivery.

**Date: November 14, 2006**

**Meeting: E.Y. Williams Symposium at Howard University** (Washington,
DC)

Alex Crosby, PhD, discussed CDC's role in suicide prevention at Howard
University's annual symposium.

**Date: November 15, 2006**

**Meeting: Texas Department of Family and Protective Services' Partners
in Prevention Conference** (Austin, TX)

Corinne Graffunder, MPH, presented a plenary address focusing on
providing effective child maltreatment prevention across all levels of
the social ecological model.

**Date: November 16--17, 2006**

**Expert Committee: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance
Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)** (Washington,
DC)

Daniel Hungerford, DrPH, served on the expert panel for SAMHSA's
Screening, Brief Intervention, Brief Treatment, and Referral to
Treatment (SBIRT) Cross-Site Evaluation Project.

**Date: November 17, 2006**

**Meeting: The Gerontological Society of America 59th Annual Scientific
Meeting**

(Dallas, TX)

Caresse Campbell, MPH, gave a presentation on behalf of Judy Stevens,
PhD, entitled "Fall Prevention at CDC---Moving from Research to
Practice."

**Date: November 21, 2006**

**Meeting: Children's Advocacy Centers Connecting for Children's Justice
Conference** (Nashville, TN)

Sandra Alexander, MEd, highlighted CDC's BECAUSE Kids Count! Project and
presented "Prevention Strategies: Evidence Based Practice and Leading
Edge Research."

**Date: November 29-30, 2006**

**Meeting: National Domestic Violence Hotline's Decade for Change
Summit**

(Dallas, TX)

Corinne Graffunder, MPH participated on a government panel to provide
input on a 10-year plan to reduce domestic violence in America. This was
the second of three planned meetings. The first meeting convened in
Washington, DC in October and the final meeting will be held in Los
Angeles, CA in February.

**Date: November 29 - December 1, 2006**

**Conference: General Motors Global Health Services Leadership
Conference 2006**

(Pontiac, MI)

Richard C. Hunt, MD, FACEP, presented "CDC's Evolving Roles in Injury
Prevention and Emergency Responses."