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GEORGE WASHINGTON BIRTHPLACE NATIONAL MONUMENT

^The\ Washingtons\ in\ Chesapeake\ History^

# TEACHER GUIDE FOR GRADES 4 AND 5

**CURRICULUM STANDARDS INCLUDED:**

**VIRGINIA**

VIRGINIA STUDIES

VS.1 a,b,c,d,f,g,h,I

VS.2 b,c

VS.3 a,d,e

VS.4 a,b,c,d

VS.5 a,b,c

VS.6 a

ENGLISH

4.3 a,c,d

4.5 a,b,c,d,e,f,g

4.7 a,b,c,d,e

4.8 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h

5.1 a,c

5.4 a,b,c

5.6 a,c,d,e,f,g

5.8 a,b,c,e,f,g

5.9 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h

**MARYLAND**

ECONOMICS

4.0 A1&2a, 4ab, B1ab&3

HISTORY

5.0 A1ac, C1a, 6.0 A1ab, B1ab, F1

ENGLISH

1.0 E1, 2.0 A1a

**Dear Teacher,**

Thank you for participating in the educational program, "The Washingtons
in Chesapeake History." The George Washington Birthplace NM developed
this special program for 4^th^ and 5^th^ grade students based entirely
on the Virginia Studies Standards of Learning to enhance their
performance in SOL testing. The unique factor of this educational
program is that students actually participate in activities that are
site specific to the Birthplace of George Washington. This program
focuses on the Chesapeake area when the first Washington arrived and
colonial life as George Washington knew it. The students understand the
character of "the Father of Our Country" as they participate in this
educational program.

The teacher guide provides a variety of exercises. The pre-visit
exercises feature a word bank, crossword puzzle, timeline and the first
rule of civility with an 18^th^ century map of Virginia. The park visit
provides an advantage for the students to participate in activities as
they learn in a National Park setting. The follow-up exercises focus on
the students' critical thinking skills and understanding Colonial
Chesapeake life.

We are proud to offer "The Washingtons in Chesapeake History" to assist
teachers in conveying the importance of the Chesapeake experience in our
American Heritage.

Vidal Martinez

*Superintendent*

**[Visiting the Park]{.underline}**

**Park Background**

Is your mother or father keeping something valuable for you until you
are older? Maybe it is your grandfather's pocket watch that he wanted
you to have. It could be your grandmother\'s necklace or photograph.
Your family \"safekeeps\" this item until you can understand its
importance for you and your family. These items tell a story about your
family. You will want to keep these \"special\" family items to pass
down to your children.

The National Park Service has the same role your parents do in
safekeeping your \"special\" family items. The National Park Service
protects places that have a story to tell about the land, wildlife, or
history. These sites are protected because they are "special places" for
the people of the United States. The role of the National Park Service
has been to protect and preserve (safekeep) these places for the future.

Where George Washington was born is a \"special place" for the people of
the United States. The birthplace is important because George Washington
was the "Father of Our Country." Visitors have traveled to the
birthplace of George Washington since 1815. George Washington Birthplace
National Monument became a part of the National Park Service in 1930.
Across the United States, almost 400 places that tell a story are in
safekeeping by the National Park Service. This means that your children
and your children's children will be able to visit these sites just as
you can.

Fill in the blanks using the words from the Word Bank, Timeline, and

Crossword Puzzle.

####### John Washington Arrives in Virginia

In colonial times, money was scarce in the Chesapeake. If English money
was sent to the Chesapeake, there would not be currency in England.
Tobacco was raised by most planters and used in place of money. Farms
where planters raised tobacco were called [plantations]{.underline}.

John Washington sailed to Westmoreland County, Virginia, on the English
merchant ship *Seahorse of London* 50 years after Jamestown was settled.
He arrived in Virginia in the year [1657­­­­­­]{.underline}. The ship sailed
up the Potomac River into Mattox Creek and took on a cargo of
[tobacco]{.underline}. When the *Seahorse* was loaded with tobacco, she
set sail. The ship ran aground on a sandbar and sank in a storm. After
the ship was floated again, second officer John Washington left the ship
and stayed in Westmoreland County with Colonel Nathaniel Pope, a local
planter. Planters were gentlemen that planted [tobacco]{.underline}. The
tobacco shipped to [England]{.underline} would give the planter
[credit]{.underline} on his account with the merchant.

######### Planter John Washington

John Washington married Ann Pope (Colonel Pope's daughter) in 1658 and
was given 700 acres of land on Mattox Creek (Colonial Beach) as a
wedding gift. The land grew tobacco to use as money or sell. Tobacco was
the cash crop on the plantation. Cattle, hogs, sheep, fowl, vegetables,
and crops such as corn were raised for food. The work on a plantation
required manpower (people) for raising crops and caring for the
livestock. Tobacco needed the most manpower; it took 1 person to work 2
acres of tobacco. People were brought to the colonies from England with
their passage on ship paid by the planters. The people brought over
would have to work 4 to 7 years for the planter and receive their
"Freedom Dues," a bushel of corn and a suite of clothes. They were
called [indentured servants]{.underline} and were a cheap source of
labor. The planters (that paid the passage) would receive 50 acres of
land per servant or head, causing this to be known as the headright
system. John Washington used the headright system for claiming land. He
paid the passage from England for 63 indentured servants brought to
Virginia. Indentured servants would never own any land in England. If
they came to the Chesapeake colonies and worked for a planter for 4 to 7
years, the servants would buy their own land after their indenture. Land
was plentiful and cheap. Land was the reason people came to the
Chesapeake; land was needed to plant tobacco and make money.

Ships loaded with Africans came to Virginia as early as
[1619]{.underline}. Africans were another source of cheap labor for the
planters raising tobacco. The first Africans brought over were
indentured servants like the people from England. By the 1640s, tobacco
was the main cash crop and the planters needed cheap labor to raise it.
The planter would make more money by not having to pay the people that
worked the tobacco. By 1662, all Africans brought to the Chesapeake
became [slaves]{.underline}. Tobacco (making money) was the reason for
slavery. The more slaves a planter owned, the more tobacco could be
raised for money.

######## Trade With England

Planters like John Washington would ship raw materials to England and
buy the finished products from English merchants. Colonists in the
Chesapeake were not allowed to manufacture finished products. Instead,
Virginia and Maryland colonists would ship raw materials like trees to
England. Trees are an example of a [natural resource]{.underline}. Raw
materials and tobacco shipped to England would give a planter credit
with the English merchant. The planter would order fine clothes, china,
and household items from the English merchants. The merchants would
charge the items shipped to the colonies to the planter's account. Money
owed to the English merchant was the planter's [debt]{.underline}. Money
never changed hands between the Chesapeake planters and the English
merchants. The merchants kept an account book on each planter that
showed the credits for tobacco sent to England and the debts for the
goods shipped to the plantation.

There were no towns during the early years of settling the Northern
Neck. Rivers were the colonial highways and everything moved by ship.
The creeks, rivers, and the bay (around the Northern Neck) provided
loading and unloading wharfs within short distances of every plantation.
Ships would bring goods and supplies directly to the plantation or a
neighbor's wharf. The Northern Neck did not need a town; goods could be
delivered to the plantation. Towns such as Fredericksburg developed
during George Washington's childhood. In these towns, farmers could
trade goods such as eggs at the store for nails, sugar, or other goods.
Trading goods for goods or services is known as [bartering]{.underline}.

######## The "Duties" of the Washingtons

John Washington was a gentleman and had certain "duties" as such. It was
the duty of a gentleman (someone that owned land and could read and
write) to be a servant of the public. Public service included serving in
appointed and elected positions. Church and state were one unit in
Colonial Virginia. People voted and paid their taxes at their parish (a
county was divided into parishes or church districts) . The parish was a
local government unit that was governed by 12 vestrymen (members of the
church). John Washington served as vestryman in the Anglican Church and
the name was changed to the Washington Parish in his honor. John
Washington served as a major in the Virginia Militia. In Westmoreland
County, John was Justice of the Peace and a member of the county court.
He was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses. The House of
Burgesses was the first form of government in the colonies. The House of
Burgesses is the oldest legislative (lawmaking) body in the western
hemisphere. Today it is called the [General Assembly]{.underline}.

John Washington moved his family to Bridges Creek (near the Washington
burial grounds) in 1664. John would own over 8,000 acres of land at his
death. John and Ann Washington's eldest son was named Lawrence. Lawrence
was a lawyer and carried on the Washington's duties in public service.
He was Sheriff, Justice of the Peace, and a member of Westmoreland
County court. Lawrence also was a member of the House of Burgesses. He
married Mildred Warner from Gloucester County, Virginia. Lawrence and
Mildred had a son named after her father, Augustine. Augustine
Washington bought 150 acres of land on Popes Creek in 1718 (the year
Blackbeard the pirate was killed in Carolina). Augustine Washington was
living at Popes Creek with his first wife, Jane Butler, by 1726. Jane
died 3 years later, leaving 2 sons. In 1731, Augustine Washington
married Mary Ball. On February 22, 1732, Augustine and Mary's first
child was born at Popes Creek Plantation. They named him [George
Washington]{.underline}.

WASHINGTON FAMILY TREE

**John Washington** married 1658 **Anne Pope**, Daughter of Nathaniel
Pope

Emigrated to Virginia 1656 ?-1668

1632-1677

**Lawrence Washington** married1686 **Mildred Warner**

1659-1698 ?-1701

Jane Butler married 1715 **Augustine Washington** 2^nd^ marriage 1731
**Mary Ball**

1708 or 1709-1789 George Washington

Butler, born & died 1716 **February 22, 1732 -- December 14,1799**

#  

##  Lawrence, 1718-1752 Elizabeth, 1733-1797

Augustine, Jr., 1719 or 1720-1762 Samuel, 1734-1781

Jane, 1722-1735 John Augustine, 1735-1787

> Charles, 1738-1799

Mildred, 1739-1740

George Washington married Martha Dandridge Custis on January 6, 1759.
She had two children from her previous marriage and was living at the
White House Plantation in New Kent County. George raised and loved these
children, Jack and Patsy, as his own.

# [Popes Creek Plantation]{.underline}

Virginia was an English colony. The leader of the colony was called the
governor. He was appointed by the King of England. In the Chesapeake,
wealth was measured by the amount of land and the number of slaves a
person owned. In the 1700's about 300 families had carved large
plantations out of the wilderness and had formed an upper class that
ruled Virginia.

Rivers were important to the colonists in Tidewater Chesapeake areas.
The James, York, Rappahannock, and Potomac Rivers were the colonial
highways to bring news and goods from the outside world. The land named
the Northern Neck was located between the [Potomac]{.underline} and
[Rappahannock]{.underline} Rivers. This tidewater plantation system in
the Northern Neck produced 3 of the first 5 presidents:

[George Washington]{.underline},

[James Madison]{.underline} ,

[James Monroe]{.underline} .

Virginia produced 4 of the first 5 presidents. [Thomas
Jefferson]{.underline} was the third President of the United States and
a Virginian.

Thomas Lord Fairfax owned the Northern Neck of Virginia. Over 5 million
acres of land had been granted to his family for their loyalty to the
King of England. Lord Fairfax wanted people to settle in the Northern
Neck. The colonists would pay quit rents (yearly fee like rent to own)
for 7 years to own land in the Northern Neck. The more people that
settled in the Northern Neck, the more money Lord Fairfax made.

Popes Creek Plantation was located on the Potomac River in Westmoreland
County. Augustine Washington had over 20 slaves and 4 indentured
servants working on Popes Creek. The plantation included raising hogs,
cattle, sheep, geese and fowl. These animals were for food and clothing.
Oxen were trained for working the fields and horses were used for
riding. The Native Americans had introduced a crop to the colonials that
was raised on every plantation: [corn]{.underline}. The plantation was
like a village with the Washington family, indentured servants, and
slaves. Ships would bring needed goods right to the plantation wharf on
the Potomac River.

# [George Washington's Youth]{.underline}

The eldest child of Augustine and Mary Ball Washington was George.
Augustine and Mary Ball had five children after George: Elizabeth,
Samuel, John, Augustine, Charles, and Mildred. In 1735, the Washington
family moved from Popes Creek to Little Hunting Creek. The Washingtons
moved to Ferry Farm (near Fredericksburg) on the Rappahannock River in
1738.

When George was 11 years old, his father, Augustine, died. George
inherited Ferry Farm where he lived with his mother and siblings. This
plantation was not large enough to support a "gentleman's" lifestyle in
Virginia. Mary Ball Washington could not afford to send George to
England for an education. At the age of thirteen, George Washington
began studying geometry and surveying using a set of surveyor's
instruments from the storehouse at Ferry Farm. Virginia needed surveyors
to measure land and land was plentiful. Surveying was a gentleman's
trade like doctors and lawyers.

Young George Washington met Thomas Lord Fairfax, owner of the [Northern
Neck]{.underline}. Lord Fairfax enjoyed fox hunting and riding horses.
George Washington was an excellent horseman and could keep up with the
hounds during the fox chase. Fairfax liked George Washington and sent
him on his first surveying job at the age of 16. One year later, George
was appointed surveyor for Culpeper County. He made good money as a
surveyor and was known for his fairness, honesty, and dependability. It
was during this time that Washington began to buy and sell land, a habit
he would continue throughout his life. When George was 18 years of age,
he bought 1459 acres of land in Frederick County (Winchester, Virginia).
He would be elected to the House of Burgesses from Frederick County in 8
years. This would be the beginning of Washington's political career.

######## 

######## George Washington: Soldier, Planter, and Statesman

When George Washington was 20, Governor Dinwiddie appointed him as major
in the Virginia Militia. Also that year, George Washington's older
half-brother Lawrence, owner of Mount Vernon, died. Augustine Washington
had stated in his will that if Lawrence died without children the
property would go to George. Mount Vernon became George Washington's
home when he was twenty-two.

In 1754, George Washington fought his first battle against the French
and Indians in Jumonsville, Pennsylvania. He surrendered Fort Necessity
to the French on July 4 that same year. The following year, the French
and Indian War was formally declared. During the French and Indian War,
George Washington served with honor and courage. In 1758, he retired
from the Virginia Militia to his farm at Mount Vernon.

After the French and Indian War, England (Parliament) wanted to tax the
colonies heavily for the debt of the war. The colonists believed there
could not be taxation without [representation]{.underline} in
Parliament. The colonists believed that only the local governments had
the power to tax. Parliament believed that it had the right to tax the
colonists. The colonists held meetings in Philadelphia to discuss the
problems with England. In 1775, George Washington was appointed
[Commander-In-Chief]{.underline} of the Continental Army. On July 4,
[1776]{.underline}, the thirteen colonies declared their freedom with
the Declaration of Independence. [Thomas Jefferson]{.underline} wrote
the Declaration of Independence. General George Washington defeated Lord
Cornwallis at the Battle of [Yorktown]{.underline} in 1781. While the
surrender of Cornwallis' army ended the last major conflict, the
Revolutionary War did not end until [1783]{.underline}.

After the war was over, General Washington resigned his commission as
Commander-in-Chief in Annapolis, Maryland. This was George Washington's
greatest single act, for not since the days of the early republics of
Greece and Rome had a military leader handed the power back to the
people. George Washington read his resignation to the Continental
Congress and retired to Mount Vernon.

George Washington was called back to public service to preside over the
Constitutional Convention in 1787. Washington's leadership led him to
become the "Father of Our Country." One of Washington's friends and a
fellow Virginian, [James Madison]{.underline} is considered the "Father
of the United States Constitution." The presence of George Washington at
the meetings held the states together because everyone trusted him. The
Constitution was ratified in [1788]{.underline}. Ratification of the
Constitution required 9 of the 13 states to adopt it.

In [1789]{.underline}, George Washington became the first
[President]{.underline} of the United States. George Washington served 2
terms as president and then retired, setting the example for future
presidents. Twice George Washington gave his power back to the
government (people) by resigning as Commander-in-Chief and later as
President. He died at Mount Vernon in 1799. In George Washington's will
he freed his slaves. George Washington was the only founding father to
free all of his slaves.

**[WORD BANK]{.underline}**

indentured servants representative England

General Assembly Rappahannock bartering

Thomas Jefferson Potomac plantations

James Monroe corn 1789

James Madison Yorktown representation

Commander-in-Chief 1619 President

natural resource tobacco 1783

George Washington credit 1776

Northern Neck 1788 slaves

1657. debt

Did You Know?

"George Washington surveyed more than 200 tracts, containing upwards of
66,000 acres of land. Washington made his first map (survey) in 1747 and
his last one in 1799, so that he made maps for a period of over half a
century. He owned 69,605 acres of land in 37 different locations".
(Martin, Lawrence, [The George Washington Atlas]{.underline} Washington,
D.C.: United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission, 1932,
preface.)

VIRGINIA TIMELINE

1607 Jamestown settlement

1619 [First General Assembly-House of Burgesses]{.underline}

> Africans brought to Jamestown

1658. John Washington settles in Westmoreland County

1662 Slavery Legal

1718 Augustine Washington purchases Popes Creek Plantation

1726. Augustine moves his family to Popes Creek

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1732. George Washington born at Popes Creek

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1749. George Washington appointed Surveyor for Culpeper Co.

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1752. Governor Dinwiddie appoints George Washington Major in the
      Virginia Militia

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1775. April 19, Lexington and Concord

> June 15, George Washington elected Commander-in-Chief

1781. [October 19, Lord Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown]{.underline}

1783 Revolutionary War ends

> George Washington resigns as Commander-in-Chief

1787. Washington presides over Constitutional Convention James Madison
      drafted U.S. Constitution

1788. U.S. Constitution Ratified

1789. [George Washington elected President]{.underline}

1797 George Washington resigns as President

1799 G. Washington dies at Mt. Vernon and frees his slaves in his will.

> **COMPLETE THE TIMELINE WITH THE EVENTS BELOW**
>
> October 19, Lord Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown
>
> First General Assembly-House of Burgesses
>
> George Washington elected President

# Virginia History Crossword Puzzle

# 

# ![](media/image2.wmf){width="5.9in" height="4.3in"}

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

ACROSS

1 George Washington was the first

4 city on the fall line of the James River

7 Lord Cornwallis surrendered British forces to General Washington

9 Father of the U.S. Constitution

11 Plantation where George Washington was born

13 Oldest lawmaking body in the western hemisphere

15 George Washington\'s first career

16 city on the fall line of the Rappahannock River

17 Land between the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers

18 Farm where tobacco was raised

DOWN

2 wrote the Declaration of Independence

3 African sold in Virginia to work against his will

5 Merchant would give planter this when tobacco arrived in England

6 Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army

8 Raw materials such as trees

9 First Washington in Colonial Virginia

10 Merchant charged planter\'s account for goods shipped to Virginia

12 Trading goods for goods or services

14 Used as money in Colonial Virginia

# 

### 

![](media/image3.png){width="6.0in" height="4.798611111111111in"}

#### 

#### George Washington and Manners

##### When George Washington was your age, he was learning proper manners and how to behave. He copied 110 manners titled "Rules of Civility and Decent Behavior in Company and Conversation." Rule number 1 states "Every action done in company ought to be with some sign of respect to those that are present." This is the Golden Rule, to treat others the way that you want to be treated. The Golden Rule includes having respect for other people.

List 3 ways you could show respect for your teacher and

classmates**[:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**

**[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**

List 3 ways you could show respect for your parents at home**:**

**[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**

**[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**

List 3 ways you could show respect for your country**:**

**[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**

**[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**

**[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}**

George Washington Birthplace NM

Map and Facilities for Park Visit

# Historic Area Map

![](media/image4.png){width="5.695833333333334in"
height="4.961111111111111in"}

-   One hour educational program conducted in the Historic Area.

> This program focuses on plantation life for the Washingtons,
> indentured servants and slaves. For students' safety, do not feed or
> pet the animals (student could get bitten or hurt).

-   The Historic Area has no restrooms. Please use the Visitor Center
    restrooms from the outside entrance (left side) upon arrival.

-   Nature Trail (one mile long) is near the picnic grounds (turn
    right), on the way to the Washington burial grounds.

-   Picnic grounds have restrooms that are open April to November.

-   Potomac River beach (no swimming allowed) is past the Washington
    burial grounds, at the end of the road.

-   Remember--this is a National Park. All natural and archeological
    items are protected including shark's teeth, shells and pottery
    shards. Leave No Trace philosophy: Please take only pictures and
    leave only footprints.

###### FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES

Follow-Up Activities are to be completed after your visit to the park.

### ![](media/image5.png){width="2.8958333333333335in" height="2.3541666666666665in"}

### 

### A spider pan is a frying pan with legs. Write a 

paragraph about a spider pan. Include details such as:

-   who used it

-   where it was used (on the plantation)

-   who would eat the food

-   where the food would be eaten

-   why the spider pan had legs

Answer:

The cook used the spider pan in the colonial kitchen. The kitchen was a
separate building away from the house. The cook was usually a slave or
indentured servant that was trusted. Food cooked on the spider pan was
taken to the master's house (the great house) to be eaten by the master,
his family, and friends (example, the Washingtons). The spider pan had
legs so hot coals from the fire could be placed under it.

![](media/image6.png){width="2.46875in" height="2.1666666666666665in"}

This is a hoe used to chop weeds, to hill up dirt around

crops, and to cook. Write a paragraph about this tool.

Include details such as:

-   the main crops hilled up with this tool

-   who used it

-   what food is named for being cooked on this tool

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-   where was the food cooked

-   who ate the food

Answer:

The hoe was used to hill up crops like corn and tobacco. Slaves and
indentured servants used the hoe in the fields. Slaves, indentured
servants and poor people used the hoe to cook cornmeal pancakes (called
hoecakes) for themselves. The hoe was used for cooking because it was
often the largest piece of iron (or metal) that the person had to cook
(servants and slaves couldn't afford to own a spider pan). The hoe was
used for cooking in the slave or servant quarters (houses) or on an open
fire. George Washington liked hoecakes with honey for breakfast.

![](media/image7.jpeg){width="3.3194444444444446in"
height="4.122222222222222in"}

### This is a tobacco 

### 

### plant. See how the 

### 

### dirt is "hilled up" 

### 

### around the plant to 

### 

### keep moisture near 

### 

### the roots. Write a 

### 

### paragraph about 

### 

### tobacco. Include 

### 

### details such as:

-   why the colonists raised tobacco,

-   who worked the tobacco in the fields

-   who sold the tobacco

-   who bought the tobacco

-   how the income from tobacco was used

Answer:

Tobacco was raised for money. Virginia survived as a colony because of
tobacco (as a cash crop). Tobacco was the reason for slavery because it
took one person to work two acres. Planters (masters of the plantations)
had indentured servants and slaves work the tobacco. The planter sold
the tobacco to merchants in England. The credit (or money) that the
planter had from the tobacco would be used to purchase luxury items for
the ladies and house (example ladies' dresses, fine cloth such as silk
or linen to make into clothes, furniture for the master's house).

###### 

###### 

###### QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION

Topics to Integrate with Teacher's Curriculum after completing the
workbook-Using Your Textbook

1.  By the time of the American Revolution, what had happened to tobacco
    as the cash crop?

2.  After the American Revolution, what changes were taking place in the
    northern states for people to make a living. How would this effect
    the outcome of the War Between the States?

3.  Slavery in Virginia changed after the American Revolution. Discuss
    the attitudes in the North and South towards slavery leading to the
    war.

4.  President George Washington did not believe in political parties.
    Discuss the beginnings of the first political parties.