Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 2/21/2004

**GAIN Report Number:** SA4004

SA4004

**Saudi Arabia**

**Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards**

**Update**

**2004**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Quintin Gray

Agricultural Trade Office, U.S. Embassy, Riyadh

**Prepared by:**

Hussein Mousa

**Report Highlights:**

Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO) is responsible for setting
national standards for commodities and products. The Ministry of
Commerce does testing of prepackaged foodstuffs. The following report
contains key regulations and standards applied to imported food products
in the Kingdom. Saudi Arabia is US\$5 billion market for food and
agricultural products with the U.S. share estimated at about 10 percent.

Includes PSD Changes: No

Includes Trade Matrix: No

Annual Report

Riyadh \[SA2\]

\[SA\]

**Report Highlights:**

DISCLAIMER: This report has been prepared by the Office of Agricultural
Affairs of the USDA/Foreign Agricultural Service in (Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia) for U.S. exporters of domestic food and agricultural products.
While every possible care has been taken in the preparation of this
report, information provided maybe no longer complete nor precise as
some import requirements are subject to frequent change. It is highly
recommended that U.S. exporters ensure that all necessary customs
clearance requirements have been verified with local authorities through
your foreign importer before the sale conditions are finalized. FINAL
IMPORT APPROVAL OF ANY PRODUCT IS ALWAYS SUBJECT TO THE RULES AND
REGULATIONS AS INTERPRETED BY THE COUNTRY OF IMPORT AT THE TIME OF
PRODUCT ENTRY.

Table of Contents

[I. FOOD LAWS 1](#i.-food-laws)

[II. LABELING REQUIREMENTS 1](#ii.-labeling-requirements)

[A. General Requirements 1](#a.-general-requirements)

[B. Additional Labeling Requirements
2](#b.-additional-labeling-requirements)

[C. Requirements Specific to Nutritional Labeling
4](#c.-requirements-specific-to-nutritional-labeling)

[D. Biotech Labeling 4](#d.-biotech-labeling)

[Acceptable Biotech Health Certificate
5](#acceptable-biotech-health-certificate)

[III. PACKAGING AND CONTAINER REQUIREMENTS
7](#iii.-packaging-and-container-requirements)

[IV. FOOD ADDITIVE REGULATIONS 8](#iv.-food-additive-regulations)

[V. PESTICIDE AND OTHER CONTAMINANTS
9](#v.-pesticide-and-other-contaminants)

[VI. OTHER REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
10](#vi.-other-regulations-and-requirements)

[A. Product Registration 10](#a.-product-registration)

[B. Products Inspection 11](#b.-products-inspection)

[C. Imports of Samples 12](#c.-imports-of-samples)

[D. Foodstuff Monitoring 12](#d.-foodstuff-monitoring)

[F. Certification and Documents Requirements
12](#f.-certification-and-documents-requirements)

[VII. OTHER SPECIFIC STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS
12](#vii.-other-specific-standards-and-requirements)

[A. Certificate of Islamic Slaughter
12](#a.-certificate-of-islamic-slaughter)

[B. Baby Foods 13](#b.-baby-foods)

[C. Frozen Chickens 13](#c.-frozen-chickens)

[D. Animal Feed and Hormone Free Requirements:
13](#d.-animal-feed-and-hormone-free-requirements)

[E. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)
14](#e.-hazard-analysis-and-critical-control-point-haccp)

[F. Animal Quarantine Regulations 15](#f.-animal-quarantine-regulations)

[VIII. COPYRIGHT AND/OR TRADEMARK LAWS
15](#viii.-copyright-andor-trademark-laws)

[IX. IMPORT PROCEDURES 15](#ix.-import-procedures)

[Customs Clearance 16](#customs-clearance)

[APPENDIX I. GOVERNMENT REGULATORY AGENCY CONTACTS
17](#appendix-i.-government-regulatory-agency-contacts)

[APPENDIX II. LIST OF MAJOR FOOD ADDITIVES
19](#appendix-ii.-list-of-major-food-additives)

[APPENDIX III. PRODUCTS IMPORTED DUTY FREE
33](#appendix-iii.-products-imported-duty-free)

[APPENDIX IV. TRADE BARRIERS 47](#appendix-iv.-trade-barriers)

[A. Products Subject to a Five Percent Import Tariff
47](#a.-products-subject-to-a-five-percent-import-tariff)

[B. Products Subject to a 20 percent Customs Duty
47](#b.-products-subject-to-a-20-percent-customs-duty)

[C. Products Subject to a 12 percent Customs Duty
48](#c.-products-subject-to-a-12-percent-customs-duty)

[D. Products Subject to a 100 percent Customs Duty
51](#d.-products-subject-to-a-100-percent-customs-duty)

[E. Products Banned from Importation
51](#e.-products-banned-from-importation)

[F. Shelf Life 52](#f.-shelf-life)

#  {#section .unnumbered}

# I. FOOD LAWS

Saudi Arabia is the most influential member of the Gulf Cooperation
Council (GCC), which includes five other countries in the Arabian
Peninsula: United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, and Qatar. As a
group, the GCC is striving to create a common set of food standards,
with the Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO) as the lead agency.
SASO is the only Saudi organization responsible for setting national
standards for commodities and products, measurements, testing methods,
meteorological symbols and terminology, commodity definitions, safety
measures, and environmental testing, as well as other subjects approved
by the organization's Board of Directors. While standards are set by
SASO, Saudi Ministry of Commerce Laboratories does testing of most
processed and packaged food items at various ports of entry. The Saudi
Ministry of Municipality and Rural Affairs' Environmental Control
Department tests foodstuffs at the point of sale for product safety
standards.

Although SASO has an advisory, rather than executive role, it
coordinates its activities among different executing agencies in the
Kingdom to control product quality and standards. SASO has issued about
600 production and testing standards on food since its establishment in
1972 and is presently working on new standards. Saudi standards are
based mainly on CODEX Alimentarius regulations and to some extent on
European and U.S. standards but modified to reflect local conditions.

The Kingdom is the largest and fastest growing market for high value
foodstuffs in the gulf region. With the exception of very limited
non-tariff barriers, foodstuffs are imported freely. The main regulatory
barriers that U.S. foodstuff exporters encounter are: BIOTECH labeling,
shorter shelf life requirements compared to U.S. standards, strict
production and expiration dates regulations, Arabic labeling and Halal
Slaughtering (animal slaughtering requirements according to Islamic
Law). See Appendix 3 for major trade barriers.

# II. LABELING REQUIREMENTS

## A. General Requirements

Regulations for labeling of prepackaged foodstuffs are found in Gulf
Standard 9/1995. This is a GCC-wide standard, which was prepared by the
State of Kuwait. In sum, prepackaged food product labels should be in
Arabic or include an Arabic language translation of the label. Labels
must contain at a minimum: the product name, packer's name, country of
origin or manufacture, listing of ingredients, instructions, where
applicable, for the end use of the product, the shelf-life of the
product.

GCC 9/1995 is a document of 10 pages. The labeling requirements are as
follows:

 Labels of prepackaged foodstuffs and the attached labeling shall be in
Arabic language. When one language or more is used in addition to Arabic
language, all information in the other languages shall be the same as
the information written in the Arabic language.

 In case of food products containing animal fats, meat and meat
derivatives, excretions and their products such as gelatin and rennet,
the kind of animal from which they are taken shall be declared taking
into consideration to declare on the label that they are legally
permitted.

 In case of prepackaged foodstuffs prepared for feeding animals, the
statement "Unfit for human consumption" or "Special for animal Feeding
only" shall be clearly and prominently declared on the label.

 Name of foodstuff: Specific, not generic, name of the prepackaged
food. Names and phrases provocative to Islamic religious feelings such
as "made of pork flesh or its derivatives," "Alcoholic beverages," or
any doctrinally forbidden symbols and marks in Islamic countries such as
the sign of the Cross, etc. should not be used.

 List of Ingredients: Complete list of ingredients in descending order
of proportion, including additives permitted for use according to Saudi
or International Standards and Legislation such as preservative,
coloring matters, etc.

 Net contents in metric units (volume in case of liquids).

 Name and address of the manufacturer, packer, distributor, importer,
exporter or vendor.

 Special Storage, transportation and preparation instructions, if any.

 Additives

 Country of Origin

 Shelf life: Shelf life can only be shown by clear and unambiguous
production and expiration dates. The use of any of the following
statements for expressing expiration date is permissible.

The Expiration Date (DD/MM/YY)

Use by\...\...\...\...\....(Date)

fit for\...\...\...\...\...\...from the date of production,

Use before\...\...\....(Date),

Sell by\...\...\...\...\....(Date).

It is understood that the date of production is the first day of the
month shown and the expiration date the last day of the month shown,
e.g., a one-year shelf would be shown as Jan. 99 - Dec. 99.

 Over-prints, erasable printing or stamping of any of the foregoing
shelf life information are not permitted. However, **[only
one]{.underline}** "sticker" providing all information in Arabic as
provided in the original label is allowed on a packaged product provided
that the sticker does not cover and/or conceal the details on the
original label. Packaging materials and methods should be suitable to
the packaged material to avoid reaction with the contents.

 Products with No Specific Expiration Date: Products with no specified
shelf life such as salt, spices, milled rice, etc. only the date of
production or processing would be shown as: dd/mm/yy.

We recommend that when putting together an order for a Saudi importer, a
U.S. exporter should cross check information contained on his/her food
label, including Production/Expiration dates, with the Saudi buyer.

## B. Additional Labeling Requirements

In addition to requirements per GCC 9/1995, the following labeling
information must be declared for food additives and antioxidants used in
foodstuffs:

 For coloring matters, their mixtures, preparations and diluents used
in foodstuffs, the following additional information must be declared:

1\. Common name

2\. Color index number

3\. Name of solvent or diluent

4\. Production and expiration dates in a non-coded manner
(day-month-year)

5\. Dye purity

6\. The statement "Free from alcohol"

6\. The statement "Color matter for use in foodstuffs."

 For Flavors permitted for use in Foodstuffs common name and code
number (if found) must be declared on food products containers contained
flavors.

 For preservatives permitted for use in food products, common name or
EEC number and a statement "Preservative for Use in Food Products" in
case of preservatives containers.

 For emulsifiers, stabilizers and thickeners permitted for use in
foodstuffs, the following additional information must be declared:

1\. Common name or EEC no.

2\. In case of gelatin, lecithin and mono and diglycerides the source
shall be mentioned.

 For Sweeteners Permitted for Use in Food Products:

1\. The name of sweeteners or INS numbers

> 2\. Food products formulated specifically for use by diabetics or for
> other special nutritional uses shall contain the statement "Food for
> special dietary use or food for diabetic."
>
> 3\. The amount of sweeteners matter, mg/liter or kg in case of using
> combination of sweeteners, the amount of each in combination shall be
> declared.

The following warning must be declared:

4\. In case of aspartame, "Not to be used by persons who have phenyl
ketonuria."

> 5\. In case of saccharine, "Use of this product may be hazardous to
> your health because it contains saccharin which has been determine to
> cause cancer in laboratory animals."

. In the case of sugar alcohol \"Excess of consumed quantity may cause
diarrhea."

 The following additional labeling information must be declared for
antioxidants permitted for use in foodstuffs:

1\. Common name or EEC number

> 2\. A statement "Antioxidants permitted for use in foodstuffs" in case
> of antioxidant containers.

## C. Requirements Specific to Nutritional Labeling

In addition to the general labeling requirements as stated in GS 9/1995,
further information must be declared for prepackaged foods for special
dietary use per Gulf Standard No. 654/1996 (General Requirements for
Prepackaged Foods for Special Dietary Use). Following is some of the
labeling information to be stated.

> 1\. Name of the product followed by the characterizing essential
> features indicating that it is a food for special dietary use.
>
> 2\. The amount of energy expressed in kilojoules and kilocalories per
> 100 grams or 100 ml of the food product and where appropriate per the
> specified quantity of food as suggested for consumption.
>
> 3\. Its content of protein, carbohydrates, fat, dietary, fiber and
> each vitamin and mineral per 100 grams or 100 ml of the food (as sold)
> product and where appropriate per specified quantity of food as
> suggested for consumption.
>
> 4\. The total quantity of the specific nutrients which provide the
> characterizing essential features per 100 grams or 100 ml of the food
> product and where appropriate per specified quantity of food as
> suggested for consumption.
>
> 5\. The special cases in which the food is used and the suitable
> amount permissible for daily consumption.

6\. Storage conditions before and after opening of the package.

> 7\. The procedures of preparation and use, and in the case of baby and
> infant foods the procedures shall be indicated according to the age of
> child.
>
> 8\. The following cautionary statement shall be declared: "To be Used
> Under Medical Supervision," wherever applicable to certain food.

9\. The amount of added sweeteners accompanied by the following
cautionary statements:

> a\) In the case of aspartame: "Not to be used by persons who have
> phenylketonuria," "The maximum intake shall not exceed 40mg/kg of body
> weight."
>
> b\) In the case of saccharin: "Use of this product may be hazardous to
> your health, because it contains saccharin which has been determined
> to cause cancer to laboratory animals."
>
> c\) In the case of manitol: "Excess of consumed quantity of manitol
> over 20g per day may cause diarrhea."
>
> d\) In the case of sorbitol or xylitol: Excess of consumed quantity of
> sorbitol or xylitol over 40g per day may cause diarrhea.

10\. Not to be described or marked in such a manner that misleads the
consumer.

## D. Biotech Labeling

Following is the summary of the Saudi Ministry of Commerce's Biotech
Labeling requirements put into effect on December 1, 2001:

> [**1.** **Positive labeling**:]{.underline} if a product contains
> **one or more genetically modified plant ingredients**, the
> information should be clearly communicated to the consumer by
> labeling. A triangle should be drawn and on it the text should read
> \"Contains Genetically Modified Product (s).\" **[Note:]{.underline}
> Saudi Arabia does not permit imports of foodstuffs that contain
> genetically engineered animal products.**
>
> **[2 Bilingual Labeling:]{.underline}** The BIOTECH statement must be
> clearly written in Arabic and English languages with an ink color
> different from that of the main product tag.
>
> **[3. Health Certificate:]{.underline}** Biotech products or
> genetically engineered products, which are exported to Saudi Arabia,
> must have been approved in the country of origin for human
> consumption. Each shipment must be accompanied by a health certificate
> issued by a government agency stating that the biotech ingredient (s)
> used in the foodstuff is approved in the country of origin (United
> States) for human consumption.
>
> **[4 PCR Real Time Method:]{.underline}** MOC approved the PCR Real
> Time Method for biotech testing and set a 1 percent threshold to
> account for cross contamination and appointed King Faisal Specialist
> Hospital & Research Center (KFSH) to do the biotech testing on
> imported and locally produced foodstuffs. Saudi importers are charged
> a testing fee of US\$ 480 per product sample tested. It takes 3-4
> weeks for the importer to receive the test results. If the test
> results reveal more than 1 percent biotech ingredients, the product is
> either destroyed locally or re-exported.

Since December 1, 2001, the MOC has been conducting random sampling to
check compliance by the biotech regulations. So far more than ten
foreign companies have been found in violation of the biotech labeling
requirements and were barred from exporting the products that violated
the biotech labeling requirements to Saudi Arabia as long as the
positive biotech labeling is enforced. For example an ABC company that
exported donut mix concentrates containing biotech ingredients without
putting the positive biotech label, is barred from exporting that
particular product to the Kingdom as long as the positive biotech label
is implemented. However, the firm is allowed to export other foodstuffs
to Saudi Arabia as so long as it meets the Saudi biotech and other food
safety requirements.

## Acceptable Biotech Health Certificate

The Saudi Ministry of Commerce has agreed to accept health certificates
issued by state departments of agriculture instead of the previous
requirement that the certificates must be issued by the Federal
Government agency such as USDA and FDA. The Ministry has reiterated its
refusal to consider any health certificate issued by exporting companies
or other private organizations including the notary public. ATO provided
the MOC with copies of biotech certificates issued by some departments
of agriculture and asked the Ministry to evaluate if any of the
certificates met the current Saudi biotech requirement. After studying
copies of the certificates provided, the MOC approved the following
export certificate language issued by one state department of
agriculture in lieu of the previous requirements that specified the
federal government agencies as the sole providers of legitimate BIOTECH
health certificates. As such, the Saudi port officials would now accept
similar certificates issued by any state department of agriculture:

**Certificate of Health & Free Sale, Sanitary and Purity**

> *\"I, (name of state official), do hereby certify that (name of U.S.
> company and address) operates a food manufacturing plant which is
> inspected at regular intervals by full-time inspectors employed by the
> (name of state)Department of Agriculture. The facility's equipment and
> raw materials, as well as the processing and packaging procedure,
> meets all sanitary requirements and the operation is in good standing
> in every respect. We certify the following listing of products as
> freely, and without qualification, sold and used in the United States
> of America (USA).*

*This product may contain genetically modified organisms.*

*(put name of product)*

*This certificate shall be good for one year from the date of issue.*

> *This certificate is not to be construed as either an expression of
> implied warranty of any products of said company, nor shall it be used
> for propaganda, advertising, or other simple purposes.*
>
> *This certificate shall not be altered after the issue date, or it
> will be deemed void by the (name of state) Department of Agriculture
> and the undersigned.*
>
> *(The certificate should be issued with the seal of the State
> Department of Agriculture, notarized, and signed by the appropriate
> State Department of Agriculture official).\"*

If a foodstuff contains one or more genetically modified plant
ingredients, the information should be clearly communicated to the
consumer by labeling **(*[the Kingdom banned imports of foodstuffs
containing genetically engineered animal products in December
2000]{.underline}*)**. A triangle should be drawn and in it the text
should read \"Contains Genetically Modified Product (s).\" It should be
noted that the Ministry will not accept a statement that says \"This
Product May Contain biotech Ingredients.\" The biotech statement must be
clearly written in Arabic and English languages with an ink different
from that of the main product tag.

It is required that genetically engineered products, which are exported
to Saudi Arabia, must have been approved in the country of origin for
human consumption. Each shipment must be accompanied by health
certificate issued by biotech licensing government an agency (such as
the FDA) stating that the biotech ingredient (s) used in the foodstuff
is approved in the country of origin (United States) for human
consumption. One certificate could be issued that certifies a list of
biotech items used in a foodstuff.

All genetically modified foods products should be in compliance with
legal and ethical controls observed in the Kingdom and must meet
pertinent Saudi Arabian standard specifications. The Biotech labeling
requirements will also apply to locally produced agricultural products.
The biotech-labeling requirement went into effect December 1, 2001.

For U.S. grains, the Ministry of Agriculture has accepted a USDA's
one-time biotech grains certification statements submitted to the
Ministry in 2003. The USDA statements certify that the exported
transgenic grains are the same as those consumed in the States. The
approved statements eliminate the need for a shipment-by-shipment
positive biotech certification for corn and soybean meal exported to the
Kingdom. Until other countries negotiate a similar arrangement with the
Saudi officials, the U.S. grains exporters are the only ones who are not
required to biotech label and obtain official certificates for their
exports to the Kingdom. The MOA still requires each shipment of biotech
seeds, fruits and vegetables labeled and accompanied by biotech health
certificate.

Following is a sample of State Department of Agriculture issued
certificate accepted by the Saudi port authorities:

Below is the USDA's One-Time Grains Certification Statement Accepted by
The Saudi Ministry of Agriculture in Lieu of a Shipment-by-Shipment
Biotech Certification Requirement.

+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| **\     | **Statements:**                                            |
| Soy     |                                                            |
| beans** | We hereby certify that the soybeans may come from          |
|         | genetically modified soybeans of the type Monsanto Roundup |
|         | Ready Soybeans that have been approved for import into the |
|         | EEC under directive 96/281/ EC.                            |
|         |                                                            |
|         | The soybeans may come from genetically modified soybeans   |
|         | of the type Monsanto Roundup Ready Soybeans.               |
|         |                                                            |
|         | Transgenic soybeans commercially produced in the United    |
|         | States have completed the necessary review under the U.S.  |
|         | regulatory process for determining the safety of new       |
|         | agricultural biotechnology products.  This well            |
|         | coordinated regulatory process sets U.S. standards for     |
|         | human, animal, and plant health, and environmental         |
|         | safety.  The transgenic soybeans used for domestic         |
|         | purposes are the same as those used for export.            |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| **\     | **Statements:**                                            |
| Corn**  |                                                            |
|         | Transgenic corn commercially produced in the United States |
|         | has completed the necessary review under the U.S.          |
|         | regulatory process for determining the safety of new       |
|         | agricultural biotechnology products.  This well            |
|         | coordinated regulatory process sets U.S. standards for     |
|         | human, animal, and plant health, and environmental         |
|         | safety.  The transgenic corn used for domestic purposes is |
|         | the same as corn used for export.                          |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| **\     | **Statements:**                                            |
| T       |                                                            |
| esting\ | The sample was tested using a method equal to or exceeding |
| Param   | the performance of the USDA\'s GIPSA testing               |
| eters** | recommendations, as set out in Directive 9181.1.           |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+

# III. PACKAGING AND CONTAINER REQUIREMENTS

In 1997, Saudi Arabia issued standard No. SSA 1149/1997 entitled Food
Packages-part 1-General Requirements. Some of the main requirements are
listed below:

 All packaging materials used in fabricating, forming, or treating
packages shall be of food grade for contact with foods and in compliance
with relevant Saudi standards.

 They shall be clean and in a condition that does not allow any
contamination probabilities of the contained material.

 They shall maintain the properties of the packaged material and
protect it from gaining undesirable odors, flavors and tastes.

 They shall offer protection to the product against contamination with
microorganisms, insect, rodents, and dirt in the cases of products that
requires it.

 They shall be impermeable to moisture in the cases of food products
that require it.

 They shall offer necessary protection against environmental conditions
and mechanical hazards such as impacts, vibration, static stresses, and
they shall be in an intact appearance during handling.

 They shall not affect the container as a result of migration of some
of their constituents that may react or be mixed with the food
materials.

 It shall not be in a pharmaceutical shape.

Saudi standard No. SASO 1301/1997 deals with specifications for the
general requirements of plastic packages used for packaging food
materials. The three page regulations require limits among other things
that the concentration of a vinyl chloride monomer not to exceed 1 mg
per kg of the plastic material, or 0.01 mg per kg of the packaged food
material if the packages are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Per the standard, the following labeling information should be written
on labels of plastic packages used to package food stuffs:

1\. Type of plastic material

2\. Weight, capacity, number, or dimensions based on the type of
packages

3\. Statement of food grade

4\. Purpose and type of application

5\. Directions for usage

6\. Warnings if applicable

# IV. FOOD ADDITIVE REGULATIONS

1\. The Kingdom and the other five Gulf Cooperation countries have
established the following major gulf-wide standards that regulate
additives used in foodstuffs. Each standard contains a positive additive
list.

\_ An eight-page Gulf Standard No. 285/1999 entitled "Coloring Matter
Used in Food Stuff." See appendix II for coloring matter permitted.

\_ Gulf Standard No. 707/1997 deals with flavors permitted for use in
foodstuffs. The standard lists all natural and artificial flavors as
well as flavor enhancers permitted for use in food products intended for
human consumption.

\_ Gulf Standard No. 356/1994 lists preservatives permitted for use in
food products. See appendix II for preservatives permitted in
foodstuffs.

\_ Gulf Standard No. 381/1994 lists emulsifiers, stabilizers and
thickeners permitted for use in foodstuffs (see appendix II for
permitted list).

\_ Gulf Standard No. 995/1998 deals with sweeteners permitted for use in
food products. Refer to appendix II for the list.

\_ SSA 73/1978 is concerned with Benzoic Acid, Sodium Benzoate and
Potassium Benzoate Used in Preservation of Foodstuffs.

SSA 106/1978 lists permitted food additives in edible oils and fats

English copies of the above and other standards are available at the
SASO. Interested U.S. exporters can purchase them from SASO's
information center. Please refer to appendix 1 for coordinates of the
center.

SASO depends heavily on CODEX Alimentarius regulations and to some
extent on European and U.S. standards when drafting most of Saudi or
Gulf Standards including food additives, pesticide and other
contaminants. The Kingdom sometimes bans CODEX's approved food additives
if they are banned on health grounds by developed countries (mainly the
United States and/or Europe) or if they contain substances banned for
religious reasons.

# V. PESTICIDE AND OTHER CONTAMINANTS

The Kingdom and other members of the Gulf Cooperation countries have
developed positive pesticide and other contaminants lists. Per SASO the
lists have international context as they were mainly adapted from CODEX
Alimentarius standards. The following are the major Gulf/Saudi standards
enforced in the Kingdom:

Gulf Standard No. 382/1994 "Maximum Limits for Pesticide Residues in
Agricultural Food Products-Part 1" established the maximum limits for
ten pesticide residues in foods and agricultural commodities or animal
feed: Malathion, Bromophos, Diquat, Fenchlorfos, Pyrethrins,
Quintozense, Parathion, Orthophenyl Phenol, Methidathion and Fentin.

Gulf Standard No. 422/1994 "Maximum Limits for Pesticide Residues in
Agricultural Food Products-Part 2" establishes the maximum limits for
nine pesticide residues in agricultural and food products intended for
human consumption. The residues are: dimethoate, chlorfenvinphos,
crufomate, diazinon, dioxathion, diphenyl, diphenylamine, ethoxyquin and
folpet.

Gulf Standard No. 357/1994 "Antioxidants Permitted for use in
Foodstuffs" lists antioxidants and antioxidants synergists permitted for
use in food products. Refer to appendix II for permitted antioxidants.

Gulf Standard No. 841/1997 regulates the maximum limits aflatoxins
permitted in foods and animal feeds.

Gulf Standard No. 988/1998 is concerned with limits of radioactivity
levels (gemma rays, cesium 134, 137) permitted in foodstuffs, drinking
water and animal feeding stuffs. The limits of radioactivity levels
permitted in food products shall not exceed the following limits:

10 becquerel/kg or liter in water

30 becquerel/kg or liter in milk and its products

30 becquerel/kg liter in liter in baby foods

75 becquerel/kg or liter in other food products

300 becquerel/kg in animal feeds

For dried products requiring reconstitution, the limits are determined
after it is reconstituted with water.

English copies of the above and other standards are available at the
Saudi Arabian Standard Organization. Interested U.S. exporter can
purchase them from SASO's information center. Please refer to appendix 1
for coordinates of the center.

The Ministry of Agriculture and Water's (MAW) registers and enforces
Saudi Arabian or Gulf standards on feed additives as well as pesticides
used in agricultural products. Coordinates of the Ministry are found in
Appendix I.

# VI. OTHER REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

## A. Product Registration

Herbal preparations, health and supplementary foods must be registered
with the General Directorate of Medical and Pharmaceutical Licenses of
the Saudi Ministry of Health in order to be marketed in the Kingdom. The
registration is done through a local agent by submitting sample products
and product brochures which are studied and tested by the Ministry's
central laboratory. It takes about six months for the Ministry to
approve and license a product. The Ministry charges about \$300 as a
registration fee.

A U.S. exporter needs to submit the following documents through its
local agent to the Ministry in order to initiate the product
registration and licensing process:

1\. Table of contents

> 2\. An Authenticated copy of the agency registration certificate at
> the Saudi Ministry of Commerce.
>
> 3\. When registering for herbal products, a copy of pharmaceutical
> wholesale license should be submitted by the local agent.
>
> 4\. Certificate (s) issued by the health authorities in the country of
> origin clearly stating that the following should be provided:

-   The company is licensed to manufacture the products in the country
    of origin (state license number and date).

The company is permitted to sell the product in the country of origin
(certificate of free sale).

-   The company follows good manufacturing practice.

-   Coloring agents, diluents and other incorporate substances in the
    product formula are permitted in the country of origin (if the free
    sale certificate states such information it will be sufficient).

-   Package insert and applicable information stated on the pack are the
    same as that approved and currently marketed in the country of
    origin. Package insert shall be in Arabic and English languages. The
    company is obliged to add and/or delete any information required for
    handling the product in the Kingdom as determined by the
    registration committee.

> 5\. A certificate issued by the company and authenticated by the
> relevant authorities in the country of origin clearly stating the
> following information about the product:

-   Registration number and date and date of marketing in the country of
    origin.

-   Trade and/or generic name.

-   Full composition (the scientific name of active and inactive
    ingredients and their quantities)

-   Therapeutic category (if any).

-   The composition of product to be exported to the kingdom is the same
    as that market in the country of origin.

-   Names of countries where the product is currently marketed.

-   A certificate of analysis indicating the results of completed
    analyses for the submitted samples.

-   If the product contains ingredients of animal source the kind of
    animal must be specified.

-   Percentage of alcohol in the finished product, if present, should be
    indicated with justification of that percentage.

> 6\. Full specifications and methods of analyses of the finished
> product, as well as stability study and data including storage
> conditions.

7\. Six samples of the product as well as samples of the outer package
and product's label.

> 8\. Abstracts of scientific references brochures and international
> scientific periodicals testifying to the efficacy and safety of the
> product.

## B. Products Inspection

With the exception of herbal preparations, health and supplementary
foods (inspected by the Ministry of Health) and live animals, plants,
seeds and animal feed (inspected by the Ministry of Agriculture), all
imported foodstuffs are inspected by the Ministry of Commerce inspectors
at the port of entry. If a consignment is rejected for not adhering to
pertinent Saudi Standards or gulf standards, the importer is requested
to re-export or destroy the product.

## C. Imports of Samples

Samples destined to potential Saudi buyers or for display in Food Shows
are exempt from Saudi labeling and shelf life regulations, but are
subject to inspection at ports of entry. Samples, which are usually sent
to Saudi Arabia by D.H.L. and similar carriers, must be accompanied by a
commercial invoice specifying that the product is not for sale and has
no commercial value.

## D. Foodstuff Monitoring

The Environmental Protection Department at the Ministry of Municipality
and Rural Affairs is responsible for establishing nationwide food
sanitation laws and guidelines. Monitoring of products already in the
market is done by inspectors at the municipality levels. The authorities
inspect retailers, wholesalers, restaurants, bakeries, fast food chains,
vegetable and meat markets for expiration dates, sanitary and storage
conditions as well as product handling. Outlets found selling unhygienic
or expired products are exposed to stiff financial fines, temporary
closure or both.

## F. Certification and Documents Requirements

Following are documents required for imported foodstuffs to Saudi
Arabia:

 Commercial Invoice

 Health Certificate from the Country of Origin

 Halal Slaughter Certificate for Meat and Meat Products

 Certificate of Origin

 Bill of Lading

>  Packing List (highly recommended to expedite products inspection and
> clearing process)

The first four documents listed above must be attested by a U.S./Arab
Chamber of Commerce or any U.S. Chamber of Commerce located in the city
or area where the exporting firm is based. If the exporting firm is
located close to a Saudi Consulate or the Saudi Embassy, the documents
could be attested by the Consulate or Embassy.

# VII. OTHER SPECIFIC STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS

## A. Certificate of Islamic Slaughter

Per Saudi Arabia Standard No. SSA 630/1990 (Animal Slaughtering
Requirements According to Islamic Law), a Certificate of Islamic
Slaughter must be issued for all meat and poultry products entering the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This certificate issued by Islamic institutions
recognized by the Saudi Embassy or Consulates in the United States.
Information related to the approved Islamic institutions may be obtained
from the Saudi Embassy in Washington or the nearest Saudi Consulate (New
York, Houston, or Los Angeles). Such certificates contain language
certifying Islamic slaughter. The following language was taken from a
recently issued Islamic Slaughtering certificate issued in the United
States:

" This is to certify that an Islamic representative inspected the above
slaughter facility. The healthy animals/and or/poultry were inspected
within 12 hours previous to slaughter by the United States Department of
Agriculture official veterinarian. After processing, inspection was made
and approved by the USDA Government Health inspector. Further, the
animals and /or poultry were slaughtered under the following statement,
"slaughtered and processed in the name of God, the Almighty, Most
Gracious, Most Merciful, God is Greatest." Bismillahi Rahmani

Rahim-Allahu Akbar. The animals and /or poultry covered by this
certificate were slaughtered by means of a sharp knife, cutting through
the skin, jugular vein, and trachea, to result in thorough bleeding of
the carcass in preparation for dressing and evisceration.

## B. Baby Foods

There are two Saudi Arabian standards that establish quality
specification for baby foods.

Canned Baby Foods and infant foods based on milk are regulated by SSA
676/1992 and SSA 675/1994 respectively. Copies of the standards can be
purchased from the SASO's Information Center.

## C. Frozen Chickens

SSA 117/1979 deals with frozen chickens standard. Per the regulation,
imported frozen chickens must meet the Islamic slaughtering requirements
mentioned above. The standard also calls for salmonella testing for
imported frozen chickens. If the result of the test is positive in more
than one sample out of five samples tested, the whole shipment is
rejected.

## D. Animal Feed and Hormone Free Requirements:

####### 

####### Livestock and poultry meat products imported to the Kingdom still face the 2001 Ministry of Commerce's meat import regulations which among other things call for government attested certificate attesting that the animal slaughtered is not feed on animal protein or treated with growth hormones. These requirements have sharply reduced imports of U.S. livestock and poultry meat and products to the Kingdom. Below are the rules & conditions governing the imports of meat & meat products to **the** Kingdom as spelled out in the Ministerial decree number **123** issued on April 10, 2001.

1- Hereby bans are placed on importing of all kinds of chilled, frozen
and canned beef, veal, mutton and poultry meats along with all
by-products thereof from any country infested with epidemic included in
the Veterinary Quarantine Regulation applicable in Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia.

2- All consignments of all kinds of chilled, frozen and canned beef,
veal, mutton and poultry meats along with all by-products thereof shall
be in compliance with the standard specifications applicable in Saudi
Arabia, namely, SSA No. 44/1998 "Fresh Beef and Mutton,\" SSA No.
116/1999 "Chilled and Frozen Beef and Mutton,\" SSA No. 626 "General
Conditions for Transportation & Storage of Chilled and Frozen
Foodstuff,\" SSA No. 630 "Conditions of Slaughtering According to
Islamic Sharia,\" SSA No. 890 "Directory of the Materials added to
Poultry Forage according to the safety of their usage" and SSA No. 959
"Health Conditions of Poultry Slaughtering Houses and workers.\"

3- The card shall satisfy all the data stated in Saudi standard
specifications No. 1/95 (Label of packaged foodstuffs).

4- All imported consignments of meats and poultry shall be attached with
an official Islamic slaughtering certificate issued from the competent
authority in the country of origin, containing the date of slaughtering
and the average age of the slaughtered animal and confirming that the
slaughtering is made in an abattoir licensed to practice works in
accordance with Islamic Sharia, that the animal was subject to
examination not more than 12 hours a head of the slaughtering and
immediately after slaughtering by a certified vet and that the meats of
such slaughtered animals are heathy, free of diseases and good for human
use. Such certificate must be legalized by Saudi Consulate in the
country of origin.

5- The abattoir shall satisfy all the requirements of Saudi Standard
Specifications No. S.S.S.220/84 (Health Requirements in Foodstuff
Factories and Workers).

6- The abattoir shall not be used for slaughtering pigs.

7- A certificate authenticated by the official authorities, stating the
meats types and the samples names and confirming that the animals and
poultry are not fed with animal-protein, animal-fats or
animal-manure-manufactured forages and that the animals and poultry are
not treated with any materials containing hormone activity such as
growth stimulants shall be attached with each consignment.

8- Each consignment shall be without offal, dangerous organs, spinal
cord, head, limbers and kidneys fat. A part of the tail may be left so
as to identify the animal's species.

9- The meats shall maintain their qualities and shall be free of signs
of decay and all harmful materials.

10- In case the frozen meats consignment, the period between butchering
and date of arrival into Saudi Arabia shall not exceed four months.
Until delivery to the customers, the meats shall be kept under not more
than --18C°.

11- The packing materials shall not leave any poisonous or harmful the
meat or make it contaminated by any undesirable materials. The carcass
and parts shall be packed with a soft, porous and clean cloth in
addition to kraft paper of polyethylene in case of frozen meats.

12- Slices meats shall be packed in waxed cartons or polyethylene, and
all the data shall be stated

## E. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)

### 

On February 9, 2003, the Saudi Ministry of Commerce issued the
Ministerial decree number 2436 to all Chambers of Commerce in the
country requiring the **insertion of a new clause in health certificates
accompanying imported meat and meat products** to make sure that the
abattoirs used to produce meat & meat products exported to the Kingdom
implement the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) as a
system of production process control.

***Following is the summary of unofficial translation of a copy of the
new decree number 2436:***

Reference is made to the Ministerial decree #123 of April 10, 2001 which
spelled out the rules and regulations to be followed when importing all
types of meat: chilled, frozen or canned beef, veal, mutton, goat meat
and poultry meat and their by products from safe origins to the Saudi
Arabian.

Based on the need to protect consumer safety and health, it is required
to implement the HACCP regime in all abattoirs producing meat and meat
products. To facilitate this, a further Ministerial decree number 2436
was issued on February 8, 2003. The decision requires the insertion of a
new clause, **referred to as number 13**, to the general regulations and
condition to be followed when meat and meat products are imported to
Saudi Arabia. The text of the clause \# 13 should read as follows:

***"The abattoir (s) implements HACCP procedures in all stages of meat
and meat"***

## F. Animal Quarantine Regulations

Over the years, Saudi Arabia has banned cattle, meat and meat products
imports for health reasons. Cattle imports from countries affected by
Mad Cow\" disease, or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), Foot and
Mouth, and Cattle Plaque diseases have been banned for several years.
Cattle imports from countries not affected by the diseases are subjected
to strict quarantine regulations on arrival at Saudi ports. The country
also bans meat and meat derivatives from countries affected by BSE (the
Kingdom banned live cattle and cattle meat imports from Washington State
due to the BSE case in that State). Saudi Arabia also banned
transshipped livestock meat through countries banned from exporting meat
and meat products because of infestation by BSE, FMD and other animal
diseases. In addition it requested additional statements on the health
certificate accompanying livestock and poultry meat shipment to indicate
that the animals slaughtered for export to the Kingdom were not fed
animal ruminants and were not treated with growth hormones.

Imports of live poultry, poultry meat and products are banned from
countries affected by bird flu. Imports of live poultry are also banned
from countries with the West Nile Virus epidemic.

# VIII. COPYRIGHT AND/OR TRADEMARK LAWS

Royal Decree No. M/5 and Resolution of Council of Ministers No. 75 dated
1984 regulate trademark registration laws in the Kingdom. According to
the decree, trademarks are registered with the Trademark Registration
Department of the Saudi Ministry of Commerce through a local agent or
lawyer.

Once registration application is received, the Trademark Registration
Department will require one month time to study the presented documents
to decided on the request. If an application is approved, the department
will publish the trademark in the official government Arabic language
newspaper (Hum Al-Qura) with the cost of publication paid by the agent
or owner of the trademark. The total registration cost is estimated at
about \$2,000. Registered trademarks are protected for 10 years and can
be renewed for another similar period or periods without any new
inspection after republishing it in the official paper.

# IX. IMPORT PROCEDURES

The majority of Saudi food imports enter the country via Jeddah port on
the Red Sea or Dammam port on the Arabian Gulf. About 60-70 percent of
all foodstuffs enter Jeddah port. Imports from Jordan, Syria, and nearby
countries enter the Kingdom by truck.

King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh and King Abdulaziz
International Airport in Jeddah also receive significant quantities of
food items, particularly fresh fruits, vegetables and chilled meat.
Fresh and chilled products are usually cleared within 24 hours of
arrival.

## Customs Clearance

As stated earlier, foodstuff shipments must be accompanied by commercial
invoice, health certificates and other documents listed in page 9. An
importer translates the commercial invoice into Arabic language (per
Saudi customs requirements) and hands it to his customs clearing agent
along with the other required documents in order to start customs
clearing process. Containers can be cleared in less than ten days
provided all required documents are in order and imported products meet
Saudi Arabian/Gulf specifications. If products are rejected by one of
the Saudi Ministry of Commerce laboratories at a port of entry, an
importer can appeal for re-test to the Director General of the Quality
Control and Inspections Department of the Ministry. If an appeal is
accepted, the Director General orders a sample (s) sent and re-tested by
another Ministry's laboratory located in a different port (city). If the
second test authenticates the initial results, the exporter is ordered
to re-export or destroy the product.

# APPENDIX I. GOVERNMENT REGULATORY AGENCY CONTACTS

In Saudi Arabia, standards are set by the Saudi Arabian Standards
Organization (SASO). The testing of imported goods is implemented by
Saudi Ministry of Commerce Laboratories at various ports of entry. The
following are coordinates for SASO and the Ministry of Commerce:

Dr. Khalid Al-Khalaf

> Director General of SASO and Secretary General for Standardization &
> Metrology Org. of the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries.

Tel. 966-1-452-0000

Fax: 966-1-452-0086

Mohammed Al-Meshari

Director Information Center

SASO

Tel: 966-1-452-0000, Extension 1335

Fax: 966-1-452-0193

Dr. Hamad Al-Awfy

Director General, Quality Control and Inspection Department

Ministry of Commerce

Tel: 966-1-401-3265

Fax: 966-1-402-8985.

Dr. Mohammed Al-Jasir

Director General

General Directorate of Nutrition Department

Ministry of Health

Tel: 966-1-464-0811

Fax: 966-1-464-5536

Mr. Mohammed Al-Issa

Director General

Environmental Protection

Ministry of Municipality and Rural Affairs

Tel: 966-1-442-1593

Fax: 966-1-441-6748

> Live animals & plants and animal feed are inspected by the Saudi
> Ministry of Agriculture (MOA). Following are coordinates of some the
> important departments.

Mr. Rashid A. Al-Khidir

Director General

Plant and Animal Quarantine Department

MOA

Tel: 966-1-404-4292

Fax: 966-1-401-1323

Mr. Magid Al-Khamis

Director General

Livestock Department (registers and tests feed additives)

MOA

Tel: 966-1-404-4555

Fax: 966-1-404-4265

Mr. Abdul Kharim Al-Ghamdi

Director General (registers and testes seeds as well as pesticides used
in foodstuff)

Agricultural Research Department

MOA

Tel: 966-1-405-5848

Fax: 966-1-405-5848

# APPENDIX II. LIST OF MAJOR FOOD ADDITIVES

Coloring Matters Used in Foodstuffs per Gulf Standard No. 23/1984

[Table-1]{.underline}

Natural colors permitted for use in coloring of foodstuffs

+--------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| **Color**                | **Color    | **Notes**                    |
|                          | Index**    |                              |
|                          |            |                              |
|                          | **Number   |                              |
|                          | 1971**     |                              |
+==========================+============+==============================+
| [Red to Yellow           | 75120      | Bixin, Norbixin              |
| Shades]{.underline}      |            |                              |
|                          | 75130      |                              |
| Annatto Extract          |            |                              |
|                          | 40820      |                              |
| Beta-Carotene            |            |                              |
|                          | 40825      |                              |
| Beta-Apo-8-Carotenal     |            |                              |
|                          | 40850      |                              |
| Beta-Apo-8-Carotenoic    |            |                              |
|                          |            |                              |
| Acid                     |            |                              |
|                          |            |                              |
| Canthaxanthin            |            |                              |
|                          |            |                              |
| Carrot Oil               |            |                              |
+--------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| [Red to Purple           | \-         | Grape skin extract           |
| Shade]{.underline}       |            | (anthocyanine)               |
|                          | \-         |                              |
| Enocianina               |            |                              |
|                          | \-         |                              |
| Beet Powder              |            |                              |
|                          |            |                              |
| Paprika                  |            |                              |
+--------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| [Orange and Yellow       | 75100      |                              |
| Dyes]{.underline}        |            |                              |
|                          | 75300      |                              |
| Saffron                  |            |                              |
|                          | 75300      |                              |
| Turmeric Powder          |            |                              |
|                          | \-         |                              |
| Curcumine                |            |                              |
|                          | \-         |                              |
| Turmeric Oleoresin       |            |                              |
|                          |            |                              |
| Riboflavin               |            |                              |
+--------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| [Green Dyes]{.underline} | 75810      |                              |
|                          |            |                              |
| Chlorophyll              | 75810      |                              |
|                          |            |                              |
| Chlorophyll copper       |            |                              |
| complex                  |            |                              |
+--------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| [Brown Dyes]{.underline} | \-         | Plain                        |
|                          |            |                              |
| Caramel                  | \-         | Made by the ammonium         |
|                          |            | sulphite process             |
| Caramel                  |            |                              |
+--------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| [Black Dyes]{.underline} | \-         |                              |
|                          |            |                              |
| Toasted partially        |            |                              |
|                          |            |                              |
| defatted cooked cotton   |            |                              |
| seed flour               |            |                              |
+--------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| [Inorganic               | 77891      | White dye 6                  |
| Dyes]{.underline}        |            |                              |
|                          | 77489      | Metallic                     |
| Titanium dioxide         |            |                              |
|                          | 77480      | Metallic                     |
| Iron oxides              |            |                              |
|                          | 77000      |                              |
| Gold                     |            |                              |
|                          | 77820      |                              |
| Aluminum                 |            |                              |
|                          |            |                              |
| Silver                   |            |                              |
+--------------------------+------------+------------------------------+
| [Different               | \-         |                              |
| Dyes]{.underline}        |            |                              |
|                          | \-         |                              |
| Fruit juices             |            |                              |
|                          |            |                              |
| Vegetable juices         |            |                              |
+--------------------------+------------+------------------------------+

**[TABLE - 2]{.underline}**

**Permitted synthetic colors for use in foodstuff**

+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| **Color**      | **Color   | **Chemical         | **Notes**         |
|                | Index     | Formula**          |                   |
|                | Number    |                    |                   |
|                | 1971**    |                    |                   |
+================+===========+====================+===================+
| [Red           | 14720     | C20 H12 N2 Na2 O7  | Food Red 3        |
| Color          |           | S2                 | (carmoisine)      |
| s]{.underline} |           |                    |                   |
|                |           |                    |                   |
| Azorubine      |           |                    |                   |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| Erythrosine    | 45430     | C20 H6 I4 Na2 O5   | Food Red 14       |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| Ponceau 4 R    | 16255     | C20 H11 N2 Na3 O10 | Food Red 7        |
|                |           | S3                 |                   |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| Red 2G         | 18050     | C18 H13 N3 Na2 O8  | Food Red 10       |
|                |           | S2                 |                   |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| FD & C Red 40  | 16035     | C18 H14 N2 Na2 O8  | Food Red17        |
|                |           | S2                 | (Allura Red)      |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| [Yellow        | 15985     | C16 H10 N2 Na2 O7  | Food Yellow 3     |
| Color          |           | S2                 |                   |
| s]{.underline} |           |                    |                   |
|                |           |                    |                   |
| Sunset Yellow  |           |                    |                   |
| FCF            |           |                    |                   |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| Tartrazine     | 19140     | C16 H9 N4 Na3 O9   | Food Yellow 4     |
|                |           | S2                 |                   |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| Quinoline      | 47005     | C18 H9 N Na2 O8 S2 | Food brown 13     |
| Yellow         |           |                    |                   |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| [Brown         | 20285     | C27 H18 N4 Na2 O9  | Food brown 3      |
| Color          |           | S2                 |                   |
| s]{.underline} |           |                    |                   |
|                |           |                    |                   |
| Chocolate      |           |                    |                   |
| brown HT       |           |                    |                   |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| [Green         | 42053     | C37 H34 N2 Na2 O10 | Food green 3      |
| Color          |           | S3                 |                   |
| s]{.underline} |           |                    |                   |
|                |           |                    |                   |
| Fast green FCF |           |                    |                   |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| [Blue          | 73015     | C16 H8 N2 Na2 O8   | Food blue         |
| Color          |           | S2                 | 1(Indigo carmine) |
| s]{.underline} |           |                    |                   |
|                |           |                    |                   |
| Indigotine     |           |                    |                   |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| Brilliant Blue | 42090     | C37 H34 N2 Na2 O9  | Food blue 2       |
| FCF            |           | S2                 |                   |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+
| [Black         | 28440     | C28 H17 N5 Na4 O14 | Food black 1      |
| Color          |           | S4                 |                   |
| s]{.underline} |           |                    |                   |
|                |           |                    |                   |
| Brilliant      |           |                    |                   |
| Black PN       |           |                    |                   |
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+-------------------+

**[TABLE - 3]{.underline}**

**Requirements for synthetic colors**

+-----------------+--------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
| Property        | Purity | Vo       | Water    | Ether    | Su       |
|                 |        | latile\* |          |          | bsidiary |
|                 | (dye)  |          | I        | Extract  |          |
|                 |        | Matter   | nsoluble |          | \%       |
|                 | \%     |          |          | \%       |          |
|                 |        | at 135C  | \%       |          | Max.     |
|                 | Min.   |          |          | Max.     |          |
|                 |        | \%       | Max.     |          |          |
|                 |        |          |          |          |          |
|                 |        | Max.     |          |          |          |
+=================+========+==========+==========+==========+==========+
| Azorubine       | 85     | 15       | 0.2      | 0.2      | 2        |
|                 |        |          |          |          |          |
| Erythrosine     | 85     | 15       | 0.2      | 0.2      | \-       |
|                 |        |          |          |          |          |
| Ponceau 4R      | 82     | 18       | 0.2      | 0.2      | 2        |
|                 |        |          |          |          |          |
| Red 2G          | 82     | 18       | 0.2      | 0.2      | 2        |
|                 |        |          |          |          |          |
| Sunset Yellow   | 85     | 15       | 0.2      | 0.2      | 4        |
| FCF             |        |          |          |          |          |
|                 | 85     | 15       | 0.2      | 0.2      | 1        |
| Tartrazine      |        |          |          |          |          |
|                 | \-     | \-       | 0.2      | 0.2      | \-       |
| Quinoline       |        |          |          |          |          |
| Yellow          | 80     | 20       | \-       | 0.2      | 15       |
|                 |        |          |          |          |          |
| Chocolate Brown | 85     | 15       | 0.2      | 0.2      | 1        |
| HT              |        |          |          |          |          |
|                 | 85     | 15       | 0.2      | 0.2      | 1        |
| Fast green FCF  |        |          |          |          |          |
|                 | 85     | 15       | 0.2      | 0.2      | 3        |
| Indigotine      |        |          |          |          |          |
|                 | 84     | 15       | 0.2      | 0.2      | 4        |
| Brilliant Blue  |        |          |          |          |          |
| FCF             | 85     | 14       | 0.2      | \-       | \-       |
|                 |        |          |          |          |          |
| Brilliant Black |        |          |          |          |          |
| PN              |        |          |          |          |          |
|                 |        |          |          |          |          |
| FD & C Red 40   |        |          |          |          |          |
+-----------------+--------+----------+----------+----------+----------+

**[TABLE - 4]{.underline}**

**Number of containers selected as sample from coloring matter**

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **Lot size**     | **Number of containers to be selected**           |
+==================+===================================================+
| 2 - 15           | 2                                                 |
|                  |                                                   |
| 16 - 40          | 3                                                 |
|                  |                                                   |
| 41 - 65          | 4                                                 |
|                  |                                                   |
| 66 - 110         | 7                                                 |
|                  |                                                   |
| More than 110    | 10                                                |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

**[PERMISSIBLE DAILY INTAKE OF THE COLORING]{.underline}**

**[MATERIALS PER BODY WEIGHT]{.underline}**

**[ANNEX - 1]{.underline}**

+------------------------+----------+-----------------------+----------+
| **Colors**             | *        | **Colors**            | *        |
|                        | *\*ADI** |                       | *\*ADI** |
+========================+==========+=======================+==========+
| Annatto                | 0-1.25   | Iron oxides           | 0-0.5    |
|                        |          |                       |          |
| Azorubine              | 0-1.25   | Ponceau 4 R           | 0-0.125  |
|                        |          |                       |          |
| Beta-Carotene          | 0-5      | Quinoline Yellow      | 0-0.5    |
|                        |          |                       |          |
| Beta-Apo-8-Carotenal   | 0-5      | Red 2 G               | 0-0.006  |
|                        |          |                       |          |
| Beta-Apo-8-Carotenoic  | 0-5      | Riboflavin            | 0-0.5    |
| acid                   |          |                       |          |
|                        | \-       | Sunset yellow FCF     | 0-5      |
| Beet powder            |          |                       |          |
|                        | 0.2.5    | Tartrazine            | 0-7.5    |
| Brilliant black PN     |          |                       |          |
|                        | 0-12.5   | Titanium Dioxide      | \-       |
| Brilliant blue FCF     |          |                       |          |
|                        | 0-25     | FD & C Red 40         | \-       |
| Canthaxanthine         |          |                       |          |
|                        | \-       | Aluminum              | \-       |
| Caramel                |          |                       |          |
|                        | 0-100    | Enocianine            | \-       |
| Caramel made by        |          |                       |          |
| ammonium               | \-       | Carrot oil            | \-       |
|                        |          |                       |          |
| Sulphite process       | 0-15     |                       |          |
|                        |          |                       |          |
| Chlorophyll            | 0-0.25   |                       |          |
|                        |          |                       |          |
| Chlorophyll copper     | 0-2.5    |                       |          |
| complex                |          |                       |          |
|                        | 0-0.1    |                       |          |
| Chocolate brown HT     |          |                       |          |
|                        | 0-2.5    |                       |          |
| Turmeric               |          |                       |          |
|                        | 0-12.5   |                       |          |
| Curcumine              |          |                       |          |
|                        | \-       |                       |          |
| Erythrosine            |          |                       |          |
|                        | 0-5      |                       |          |
| Fast green FCF         |          |                       |          |
|                        |          |                       |          |
| Gold                   |          |                       |          |
|                        |          |                       |          |
| Indigotine             |          |                       |          |
+------------------------+----------+-----------------------+----------+

\* \<\<Acceptable Daily Intake\>\> expressed as mg/kg body weight.

**Preservatives Permitted for Use in Food Products** **per Gulf Standard
No. 356/1994**

+--------------------------+-----+-----------------------------+------+
| Preservatives            | EEC | Preservatives               | EEC  |
|                          | No. |                             | No.  |
+==========================+=====+=============================+======+
| Sorbic acid              | 200 | Diphenyl (Biphenyl)         | 230  |
|                          |     |                             |      |
| Sodium sorbat            | 201 | Orthophenyl phenol          | 231  |
|                          |     |                             |      |
| Potassium sorbat         | 202 | Sodium Orthophenyl phenate  | 232  |
|                          |     |                             |      |
| Calcium sorbat           | 203 | Thiabendazole               | 233  |
|                          |     |                             |      |
| Benzoic acid             | 210 | Formic acid                 | 236  |
|                          |     |                             |      |
| Sodium benzoate          | 211 | Sodium formate              | 237  |
|                          |     |                             |      |
| Potassium benzoate       | 212 | Calcium formate             | 238  |
|                          |     |                             |      |
| Calcium benzoate         | 213 | Hexamine (heamethylene      | 239  |
|                          |     | teteramine)                 |      |
| Ethyl P-Hydroxy benzoate | 214 |                             | 249  |
|                          |     | Potassium nitrite           |      |
| Ethyl P-Hydroxy benzoate | 215 |                             | 250  |
| Sodium                   |     | Sodium nitrite              |      |
|                          | 216 |                             | 251  |
| Propyl P-Hydroxy         |     | Sodium nitrite              |      |
| benzoate                 | 217 |                             | 252  |
|                          |     | Potassium nitrite           |      |
| Propyl P-Hydroxy         | 218 |                             | 260  |
| benzoate Sodium          |     | Acetic acid                 |      |
|                          | 219 |                             | 261  |
| Methyl P-Hydroxy         |     | Potassium acetate           |      |
| benzoate                 | 220 |                             | 262  |
|                          |     | Sodium diacetate            |      |
| Methyl P-Hydroxy         | 221 |                             | 263  |
| benzoate Sodium          |     | Calcium acetate             |      |
|                          | 222 |                             | 270  |
| Sulphur dioxide          |     | Lactic acid                 |      |
|                          | 223 |                             | 280  |
| Sodium sulphite          |     | Propionic acid              |      |
|                          | 224 |                             | 281  |
| Sodium bisulphite        |     | Sodium propionate           |      |
|                          | 226 |                             | 282  |
| Sodium metabisulphite    |     | Calcium propionate          |      |
|                          | 227 |                             | 283  |
| Potassium metabisulphite |     | Potassium propionate        |      |
|                          | \-  |                             | 290  |
| Calcium sulphite         |     | Carbon dioxide              |      |
|                          | \-  |                             | \-   |
| Calcium bisulphite       |     | Calcium disodium ethylene   |      |
|                          |     | diamine tetra-acetate       | \-   |
| Natamycin (pimaricin)    |     |                             |      |
|                          |     | Disodium ethylene diamine   | \-   |
| Nisin                    |     | tetra acetate               |      |
|                          |     |                             |      |
|                          |     | Heptyl Paraban              |      |
+--------------------------+-----+-----------------------------+------+

**Antioxidants Permitted for Use in Foodstuffs per Gulf Standard No.
357/1994**

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **EEC    | **Antioxidant**                                           |
| NO.**    |                                                           |
+==========+===========================================================+
| 220      | Sulphur dioxide                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| 221      | Sodium sulphite                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| 222      | Sodium bisulphite                                         |
|          |                                                           |
| 223      | Sodium metabisulphite                                     |
|          |                                                           |
| 224      | Potassium metabisulphite                                  |
|          |                                                           |
| 226      | Calcium sulphite                                          |
|          |                                                           |
| 300      | L-ascorbic acid                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| 301      | Sodium ascorbate                                          |
|          |                                                           |
| 302      | Calcium ascorbate                                         |
|          |                                                           |
| 304      | Ascorbyl palmitate                                        |
|          |                                                           |
| 306      | Tocopherol (from nature sources)                          |
|          |                                                           |
| 307      | Alpha-tocopherol (synthetic)                              |
|          |                                                           |
| 308      | Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic)                              |
|          |                                                           |
| 309      | Delta-tocopherol (synthetic)                              |
|          |                                                           |
| 310      | Propyl gallate                                            |
|          |                                                           |
| 311      | Octyl gallate                                             |
|          |                                                           |
| 312      | Dodecyl gallate                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| 320      | Butylated hydroxyanisole                                  |
|          |                                                           |
| 321      | Butylated hydroxy toluene                                 |
|          |                                                           |
| 322      | Lecithin                                                  |
|          |                                                           |
| \-       | Isoascorbic acid (erythorbic) and its sodium salt         |
|          |                                                           |
| \-       | Tertiary butyl hydroquinone                               |
|          |                                                           |
| \-       | Trihydroxy butrophenone                                   |
|          |                                                           |
| \-       | Thiodipropionic acid                                      |
|          |                                                           |
| \-       | 4-Hydroxymethyl 2-6 ditert butyl phenol                   |
|          |                                                           |
| \-       | Guaiac resin (guaiac gum artificial )                     |
|          |                                                           |
| 270      | Lactic acid                                               |
|          |                                                           |
| 325      | Sodium lactate                                            |
|          |                                                           |
| 326      | Potassium lactate                                         |
|          |                                                           |
| 327      | Calcium lactate                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| 330      | Citric acid                                               |
|          |                                                           |
| 331      | Sodium citrate                                            |
|          |                                                           |
| 332      | Potassium citrates                                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 333      | Calcium citrates                                          |
|          |                                                           |
| 334      | Tartaric acid                                             |
|          |                                                           |
| 335      | Sodium tartrates                                          |
|          |                                                           |
| 336      | Potassium tartrate                                        |
|          |                                                           |
| 337      | Sodium Potassium tartrate                                 |
|          |                                                           |
| 338      | Orthophosphoric acid                                      |
|          |                                                           |
| 339      | Sodium orthophosphate                                     |
|          |                                                           |
| 340      | Potassium orthophosphate                                  |
|          |                                                           |
| 341      | Calcium orthophosphate                                    |
|          |                                                           |
| 472      | Citric acid esters of mono and di-glycerides of fatty     |
|          | acids (citroglycerides)                                   |
| \-       |                                                           |
|          | Phosphoric acid                                           |
| 385      |                                                           |
|          | Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic calcium disodium             |
| \-       |                                                           |
|          | Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic disodium                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

**Emulsifiers , Stabilizers and Thickeneres Permitted for use in Food
Products \***

+--------+---+------------------------------------------------------------+
| E.E.C  |   | NAME                                                       |
| No.    |   |                                                            |
+========+===+============================================================+
| 322    |   | Lecthins                                                   |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 339    |   | Sodium orthophosphates :                                   |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 340    |   | \- mono sodium dihydrogen phosphates                       |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 341    |   | \- di sodium mono hydrogen phosphates                      |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 400    |   | \- tri sodium phosphates                                   |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 401    |   | Potassium orthophosphates                                  |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 402    |   | \- mono potassium dihydrogen phosphates                    |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 403    |   | \- di potassium mono hydrogen phosphates                   |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 404    |   | \- tri potassium phosphates.                               |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 405    |   | Calcium orthophosphates.                                   |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 406    |   | \- mono calcium tetra hydrogen di phosphates.              |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 407    |   | \- mono calcium mono hydrogen phosphates.                  |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 410    |   | \- tri calciums di phosphates.                             |
|        |   |                                                            |
| \-     |   | Alginic acid.                                              |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 412    |   | Sodium alginate                                            |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 413    |   | Potassium alginate                                         |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 414    |   | Ammonium alginate                                          |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 415    |   | Calciums alginate                                          |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 416    |   | Propane-1,2-diol alginate (Gycol propalin alginate)        |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 420    |   | Agar                                                       |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 421    |   | Carrageenan                                                |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 422    |   | Locust bean gum                                            |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 430    |   | Ghatti gum                                                 |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 432    |   | Guar gum                                                   |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 433    |   | Tragacanth                                                 |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 434    |   | Acacia                                                     |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 435    |   | Xanthan gum                                                |
|        |   |                                                            |
| \-     |   | Karaya gum                                                 |
|        |   |                                                            |
| 436    |   | Sorbitol, sorbitol syrup.                                  |
|        |   |                                                            |
| \-     |   | Mannitol                                                   |
|        |   |                                                            |
|        |   | Glycerol                                                   |
|        |   |                                                            |
|        |   | Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate                               |
|        |   |                                                            |
|        |   | Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate.                 |
|        |   |                                                            |
|        |   | Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono-oleate.                 |
|        |   |                                                            |
|        |   | Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono-palmitate.              |
|        |   |                                                            |
|        |   | Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono-stearate.               |
|        |   |                                                            |
|        |   | Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tri stearate.                |
|        |   |                                                            |
|        |   | Polyoxyethylene (8) sorbitan tri-stearate.                 |
|        |   |                                                            |
|        |   | Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate.                             |
+--------+---+------------------------------------------------------------+
| E.E.C  | N |                                                            |
| No.    | a |                                                            |
|        | m |                                                            |
|        | e |                                                            |
+--------+---+------------------------------------------------------------+
| 440A   | P |                                                            |
|        | e |                                                            |
| 440B   | c |                                                            |
|        | t |                                                            |
| 442    | i |                                                            |
|        | n |                                                            |
| 450    |   |                                                            |
|        | A |                                                            |
| 450A   | m |                                                            |
|        | i |                                                            |
| 450B   | d |                                                            |
|        | a |                                                            |
| 450C   | t |                                                            |
|        | e |                                                            |
| 460    | d |                                                            |
|        | p |                                                            |
| 461    | e |                                                            |
|        | c |                                                            |
| 463    | t |                                                            |
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|        |   |                                                            |
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|        | m |                                                            |
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|        | o |                                                            |
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|        | m |                                                            |
| 472A   | s |                                                            |
|        | a |                                                            |
| 472B   | l |                                                            |
|        | t |                                                            |
| 472C   | s |                                                            |
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| 472D   | f |                                                            |
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|        | a |                                                            |
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|        | i |                                                            |
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|        | . |                                                            |
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|        | a |                                                            |
|        | r |                                                            |
|        | a |                                                            |
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|        |   |                                                            |
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|        | a |                                                            |
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|        |   |                                                            |
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|        | a |                                                            |
|        | n |                                                            |
|        | m |                                                            |
|        | o |                                                            |
|        | n |                                                            |
|        | o |                                                            |
|        | l |                                                            |
|        | a |                                                            |
|        | u |                                                            |
|        | r |                                                            |
|        | a |                                                            |
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|        | e |                                                            |
|        |   |                                                            |
|        | S |                                                            |
|        | o |                                                            |
|        | r |                                                            |
|        | b |                                                            |
|        | i |                                                            |
|        | t |                                                            |
|        | a |                                                            |
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|        | m |                                                            |
|        | o |                                                            |
|        | n |                                                            |
|        | o |                                                            |
|        | o |                                                            |
|        | l |                                                            |
|        | e |                                                            |
|        | a |                                                            |
|        | t |                                                            |
|        | e |                                                            |
|        |   |                                                            |
|        | S |                                                            |
|        | o |                                                            |
|        | r |                                                            |
|        | b |                                                            |
|        | i |                                                            |
|        | t |                                                            |
|        | a |                                                            |
|        | n |                                                            |
|        | m |                                                            |
|        | o |                                                            |
|        | n |                                                            |
|        | o |                                                            |
|        | p |                                                            |
|        | a |                                                            |
|        | l |                                                            |
|        | m |                                                            |
|        | i |                                                            |
|        | t |                                                            |
|        | a |                                                            |
|        | t |                                                            |
|        | e |                                                            |
+--------+---+------------------------------------------------------------+

+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| E.E.C   | Name                                                       |
| No.     |                                                            |
+=========+============================================================+
| \-      | Amylose and amylopectin                                    |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Calcium acetate                                            |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Cholic acid                                                |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Desoxy cholic acid                                         |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Modified starch                                            |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Polydextroses A x N                                        |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Potassium sodium L (+) tartrate                            |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Tartric acid                                               |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Polyvinyl pyrolidone                                       |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Sodium casinate                                            |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Succinylated moboglycerides                                |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Sodium stearyl fumarate                                    |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Gelatin edible                                             |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Sorboyl palmitate                                          |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Stearyl citrate                                            |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Stearyl tartrate                                           |
|         |                                                            |
| \-      | Stearyl monoglyceridyl citrate.                            |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+

**\* SOURCE: Saudi Arabian Standard No. 709/1994.**

# APPENDIX III. PRODUCTS IMPORTED DUTY FREE

Because Saudi Arabia is largely desert, crop production depends entirely
on irrigation, mainly from non-renewable underground water. Recognizing
the country's limited agricultural potential, the Saudi Government has
exempted selected foodstuffs, feed, and livestock from import duties.
Food and agricultural products imported duty free are as follows:

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **[HS    | **[Category]{.underline}**                                |
| Cod      |                                                           |
| e]{.unde |                                                           |
| rline}** |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Live Horses, asses, mutes and hinnies**                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **-Pure-bred breeding animals**                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01011010 | Horses of Arab breed                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01011020 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -Other                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01019010 | Horses for sport                                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01019020 | Ponies                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01019030 | Asses                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01019040 | Mules                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01019050 | Hinnies                                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01019090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **-Live bovine animals**                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01021000 | Pure-bred breeding animals                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01029000 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01041010 | Pure-bred breeding animals                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01041090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01042010 | Pure-bred breeding animals                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01042090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Live poultry, that is to say, fowls of the species      |
|          | Gallus domesticus, ducks, geese, turkeys and guinea       |
|          | fowls**                                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **-Weighing not more than 185g:**                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01051100 | Fowls of the species Gallus domesticus                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01051200 | Turkeys                                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01051900 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **-Other**                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, weighing not    |
|          | more than 2000g:**                                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01059210 | Hens (for laying eggs)                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01059220 | Chickens ( for meat)                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01059230 | Hens                                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01059290 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, weighing more     |
|          | than 2000g:                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01059310 | Hens (for laying eggs)                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01059320 | Chickens (for meat)                                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01059330 | Hens                                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01059390 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01059910 | Tame ducks and geese                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01059920 | Turkeys                                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01059990 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other live animals**                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **-Mammals**                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01061100 | Primates                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01061200 | Whales, dolphins and porpoises (mammals of the order      |
|          | Cetacea), manatees and dugongd (mammals of the order      |
|          | Sirenia)                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01061910 | Camels                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01061920 | Tame and wild rabbits                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01061930 | Gazelles and deer                                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01061940 | Dogs                                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01061950 | Foxes, minks and other fur animals                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01061960 | Animals for zoos, scientific and research labs            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01061990 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01062000 | Reptiles ( including snakes and turtles)                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **-Birds**                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01063100 | Birds of prey:                                            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01063200 | Psittaciformes (including parrots, parakeets, macaws and  |
|          | cockatoos)                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01063910 | Tame and Wild pigeons, partrdges, pheasants, quail,       |
|          | snipe, sand grouse, wild ducks and similar animals        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01063920 | Ornamental birds                                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01063990 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01069010 | Bees and other insects                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 01069090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 02011000 | Carcasses and half-carcasses                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 02012000 | Other cuts with bone in                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 02013000 | Boneless                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 02041000 | Carcasses and half-carcasses of lamb, fresh or chilled    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Other meat of sheep, fresh or chilled                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 02042100 | Carcasses and half-carcasses                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 02042200 | Other cuts with bone in                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 02042300 | Boneless                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 02045011 | Fresh or chilled                                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 02045021 | Fresh or chilled                                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Boneless:**                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 02045031 | Fresh or chilled                                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 02068010 | Sheep and goat offal, fresh                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 02081010 | Fresh or chilled                                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Live fish                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03011000 | Ornamental fish                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Other live fish:                                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Trout (Salmo trutta, Onchorynchus mykiss, Onchorynchus    |
|          | clarki, Onchorynchus aguabonita, Onchorynchus gilae,      |
|          | Onchorynchus apache and Onchorynchus chrysogaster):       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03019110 | For breeding                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03019190 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Eels (Anguilla spp.)                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03019210 | For breeding                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03019290 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Carp:                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03019310 | For breeding                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03019390 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other:**                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03019910 | For breeding                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03019920 | Tilapia (Tilapia Nilotica), Sarotherodonspp.)             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03019990 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Fish, fresh or chilled, excluding fish fillets and      |
|          | other fish meat of heading**                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Salmonidae, excluding livers and roes:                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03021100 | Trout (Salmo trutta Onchorynchus mykiss, Onchorynchus     |
|          | clarki, Onchorynchus aguabonita, Onchorynchus gilae,      |
|          | Onchorynchus gilae, Onchorynchus apache and Onchorynchus  |
|          | chrysogaster)                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03021200 | Pacific Salmon (Onchorynchus nerka, Onchorynchus          |
|          | gorbuscha, Onchorynchus keta, Onchorynchus tshawtscha,    |
|          | Onchorynchus kisutch, Onchorynchus masou and Onchorynchus |
|          | rhodurus). Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Danube       |
|          | salmon( Hucho Hucho)                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03021900 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Flat fish (Pleuronectidae, Bothidae, Cynoglossidae,     |
|          | Soleidae, Scophthalmidae and Citharidae), excltidings     |
|          | livers and roes:**                                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03022100 | Halibut (Reinhardtius Hippoglossoides, Hippoglossus       |
|          | hippoglossus, hippoglossus stenolepsis)                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03022200 | Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)                            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03022300 | Sole (Solea spp.)                                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03022900 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Tunas (of the genus Thunnus) skipjack or stripe-bellied |
|          | bonito (Euthynnus (Katsuwonus) Pelamis), excluding livers |
|          | and roes:**                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03023100 | Albacore or longfinned tunas (Thunnus alalunga)           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03023200 | Yellowfin tunas (Thunnus albacares)                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03023300 | Skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03023400 | Bigeye tunas ( Thunnus obesus)                            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03023500 | Bigeye tunas (Thunnus thynnus)                            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03023600 | Southrn Bluefin tunas                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03023900 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03024000 | Herrings (Clupea harengus, Clupea pallasii), excluding    |
|          | livers and roes                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03025000 | Cod (Gadus morhua, Gadus ogac, Gadus macrocephalus),      |
|          | excluding livers and roses                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other fish, excluding livers and roses**                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026100 | Sardines ( Sardina pilchardus, Sardinops spp), sardinella |
|          | (Sardinella spp.), bnsling or sprats (Sprattus sprattus)  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026200 | Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026300 | Coalfish (Pollachius virens)                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Mackerel (Scomber scombrus, Scomber australasicus,      |
|          | Scomber japonicus)**                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026410 | Kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson)                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026420 | Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger Kanagurta)                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026490 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026500 | Dogfish and other sharks                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026600 | Eels (Anguilla spp.)                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other**                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026910 | Groupers (All genus following the family Serranidae)      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026920 | Emperors (Lethrinus spp.), (Monotaxisspp.)                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026930 | Snappers/Jobfishes (All genus following the family:       |
|          | Lutjanidae)                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026940 | Jacks, Trevallies and Scads (All genus following the      |
|          | family : Carangidae)                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026950 | Pomfret (Pampus argenteus, parastromateus niger)          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026960 | Sibalti, Shamm, Nahhash, Fresh                            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026970 | Nigroor fish                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026980 | Striped mullet (Mugil cephalus)                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other**                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026991 | Safi fish                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03026999 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03027000 | Livers and roes                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Crustaceans, whether in shell or not, live, fresh,        |
|          | chilled, frozen, dried, salted or in brine, crustaceans,  |
|          | in shell, cooked by steaming or by boiling in water,      |
|          | whether or not chilled, frozen, dried, salted or in       |
|          | brine, flour, meals and pellets of crustace.              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Frozen:**                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03061100 | Rock lobster and other sea crawfish (Palinurus spp.,      |
|          | Panulirus spp., Jasus spp.)                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03061200 | Lobsters (Homarus spp.)                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03061300 | Shrimps and prawns                                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03061400 | Crabs                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03061900 | Other, Including flours, meals and pellets or             |
|          | crustaceans, fit for human consumption                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Not frozen:**                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03062100 | Rock lobster and other sea crawfish (Palinurus spp.,      |
|          | Panulirus spp., Jasus spp.                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03062200 | Lobsters (Homarus spp.)                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03062300 | Shrimps and prawns                                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03062400 | Crabs                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 03062900 | Other, including flours, meals and pellets of             |
|          | crustaceans, fit for human consumption                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 04070011 | For hatching                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 06011000 | Bulbs, tubers, tuberous roots, corms, crowns and          |
|          | rhizomes, dormant                                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 06012000 | Bulbs, tubers, tuberous roots, corms, crowns and          |
|          | rhizomes, In growth or in flower, chicory plants and      |
|          | roots                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Unrooted cuttings and slips:**                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 06021010 | Grapevines ( Grapeslips)                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 06021090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Trees, shrubs and bushes, grafted or not, of kinds      |
|          | which bear edible fruit or nuts:**                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 06022010 | Palm tree seedling                                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 06022090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07011000 | Seed                                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07019000 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07020000 | Tomatoes, fresh or chilled.                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Onions, shallots, garlic, leeks and other alliaceous    |
|          | vegetables, fresh or chilled.**                           |
|          |                                                           |
|          | **Onions and shallots:**                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Onions:**                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07031011 | Onions for food(green or dry rind)                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07031012 | Onions ( for sowing)                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07031020 | Shallots                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07032000 | Garlic                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07039000 | Leeks and other alliaceous vegetables                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07041000 | Cauliflowers and headed broccoli                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07042000 | Brussels sprouts                                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07049000 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and chicory (Cichorium spp.),  |
|          | fresh or chilled**                                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Lettuce:**                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07051100 | Cabbage lettuce (head lettuce)                            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07051900 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Chicory:**                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07052100 | Witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum)         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07052900 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Carrots, turnips, salad beetroot, salsify, celeriac,    |
|          | radishes and similar edible toots, fresh or chilled.**    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07061000 | Carrots and turnips                                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07069000 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07070000 | Cucumbers and gherkins, fresh or chilled                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Leguminous vegetables, shelled or unshelled, fresh or   |
|          | chilled.**                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07081000 | Peas ( Pisum sativum)                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07082000 | Beans (Vigna spp., Phaseolus spp.)                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Other leguminous vegetables:                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07089010 | Beans                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07089090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other vegetables,. Fresh and chilled**                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07091000 | Globe artichokes                                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07092000 | Asparagus                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07093000 | Aubergines (egg-plants)                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07094000 | Celery other than celeriac                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Mushrooms and truffles:                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07095100 | Mushrooms                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07095200 | Truffles                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07095900 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07096000 | Fruits of the genus Capsicum or of the genus Pimenta      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07097000 | Spinach, New Zealand spinach and orache spinach (garden   |
|          | spinach)                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Other:                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07099010 | Pumpkins                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07099020 | Marrow                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07099030 | Olives                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07099040 | Okra                                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07099050 | Parsley                                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07099060 | Coriander                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07099090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Beans of the species Vigna Mungo (L) Hepper or Vigna      |
|          | radiata (L)Wilczek:                                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07133110 | For sowing                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Small red (Adzuki) beans (Phaseolus or Vigna angularis):  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07133210 | For sowing                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Kidney beans, including white pea beans ( Phaseolus       |
|          | vulgaris):                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 07133310 | For sowing                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08030000 | Bananas, including plantains, fresh or dried              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Figs:**                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08042010 | Fresh                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08042020 | Dried                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08043000 | Pineapples                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08044000 | Avocados                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Guavas, mangoes and mangosteens:**                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08045010 | Guavas                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08045020 | Mangoes                                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08045030 | Mangosteens                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Citrus fruit, fresh or dried**                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08051000 | Oranges                                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08052000 | Mandarins (including tangerines and satsumas),            |
|          | clementines, wilkings and similar citrus hybrids          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08054000 | Grape fruit                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Lemons ( citrus limon, Citrus limonum and limes (       |
|          | Citrus aurantifolia):**                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08055010 | Fresh                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08055020 | Dried                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08059000 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Grapes, fresh or dried**                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08061000 | Fresh                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08062000 | Dried                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Melons ( including watermelons) and papaws ( Papayas ), |
|          | fresh**                                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Melons ( Including watermelons),**                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08071100 | Watermelons                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other:**                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08071910 | Melon (muskmelon)                                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08071990 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08072000 | Papaws (Papayas )                                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Apples, pears and quinces, fresh**                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08081000 | Apples                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Pears and quinces:**                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08082010 | Pears                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08082020 | Quinces                                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Apricots, cherries. Peaches ( including nectarines),    |
|          | plums and sloes, fresh**                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08091000 | Apricots                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08092000 | Cherries                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08093000 | Peaches, including nectarines                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08094000 | Plums and sloes                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other fruit, fresh**                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08101000 | Strawberries                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08102000 | Raspberries, blackberries, mulberries and loganberries    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08103000 | Black, white or red currants and gooseberries             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08104000 | Cranberries, bilberries and other fruits of the genus     |
|          | Vaccinium                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08105000 | Kiwi fruit                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08106000 | Durians                                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other:**                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08109010 | Pomegranates                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08109020 | Medlar                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08109030 | Prickly pears                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 08109090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Coffee, not roasted:**                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 09011100 | Not decaffeinated                                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 09011200 | Decaffeinated                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Coffee roasted:**                                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 09012100 | Not decaffeinated                                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 09012200 | Decaffeinated                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 09019000 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Tea, whether or not flavored.**                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 09021000 | Green tea ( not fermented) in immediate packing of a      |
|          | content not exceeding 3 kg                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 09022000 | Other green tea ( not fermented)                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Black tea (fermented) and partly fermented tea, in      |
|          | immediate packing of a content not exceeding 3 kg.**      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 09023010 | Tea bag not exceeding 3 kg                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 09023090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 09024000 | Other black tea ( fermented) and other partly fermented   |
|          | tea                                                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 09083000 | Cardamoms                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other**                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10011000 | Durum wheat                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10019010 | Normal wheat                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10019020 | Thin wheat                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10019030 | Mixed wheat and rye                                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10030000 | Barley                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Oats**                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10040010 | Grey oats ( or black)                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10040020 | White oats ( or yellow)                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Maize ( corn)                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10051000 | Seed                                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other**                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10059010 | Golden corn                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10059020 | White corn                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10059030 | Brown corn                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10059090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Rice**                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10061000 | Rice in the husk ( paddy or rough)                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10062000 | Husked ( brown) rice                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10063000 | Semi-milled or wholly milled rice, whether or not         |
|          | polished or glazed:                                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10064000 | Broken rice                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Buckwheat, millet and canary seed, other cereals.**     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10081000 | Buckwheat                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10082000 | Millet                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10083000 | Canary seed                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 10089000 | Other cereals                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11010020 | Flour of mixed wheat and rye                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Cereal flours other than of wheat or meslin**           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11021000 | Rye flour                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11022000 | Maize (corn) flour                                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11023000 | Rice flour                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other:**                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11029010 | Barley flour                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11029020 | Oats flour                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11029030 | Grain sorghum flour                                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11029040 | Buckwheat flour                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11029050 | Millet flour                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11029090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Cereal groats, meal and pellets**                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Groats and meal:**                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Of wheat:**                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11031110 | Groats                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11031120 | Meal                                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Of Maize ( Corn):**                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11031310 | Groats                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11031320 | Meal                                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Of other cereals:**                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11031910 | Of barley:                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11031920 | Of sorghum cereals:                                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11031930 | Of darnel:                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11031940 | Of black wheat:                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11031950 | Of millet:                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11031990 | Of other cereals:                                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 11032000 | Pellets:                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12091000 | Sugar beet seed                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Seed of forage plants**                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12092100 | Lucerne ( alfalfa) seed                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12092200 | Clover (Trifolium spp.) seed                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12092300 | Fescue seed                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12092400 | Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis L. ) seed              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12092500 | Rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., Lolium perenne L.)    |
|          | Seed                                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12092600 | Timothy grass seed                                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other:**                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12092910 | Lupines                                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12092990 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12093000 | Seeds of herbaceous plants cultivated principally for     |
|          | their flowers                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other**                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Vegetable seeds:**                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099110 | Tomato seeds                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099120 | Leek seeds                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099130 | Radish seeds                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099140 | Carrot seeds                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099150 | Cucumber seeds                                            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099160 | Marrow seeds                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099170 | Pumpkin seeds                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099180 | Eggplant seeds                                            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other**                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099191 | Lettuce seeds                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099192 | Cress seeds                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099193 | Capsicum seeds                                            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099199 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 12099900 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in      |
|          | solid form.**                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Raw sugar not containing added flavoring or coloring    |
|          | matter:**                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Cane sugar:**                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 17011110 | For industrial refining and filting                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 17011190 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Beet sugar:**                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 17011210 | For industrial refining and filting                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 17011290 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 17019100 | Containing added flavoring or coloring matter             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Other:**                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Filt (refing):**                                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 17019911 | Crystals                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 17019912 | Moulds                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 17019913 | Castor                                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 17019920 | Sugar candy, neither flavored or colored                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 17019930 | Chemically pure sucrose                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 17019990 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 19011010 | Infant food with milk base, no cocoa                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 19011020 | Infant food with milk base, by weight under 5% cocoa      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 19011090 | Other                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 21069070 | Sweets, gum and the like (for diabetics, in particular)   |
|          | Containing synthetic sweetening agents (e.g. sorbitol)    |
|          | instead of sugar                                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 23040000 | Oil-cake and other solid residues, whether or not ground  |
|          | or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction  |
|          | of soyabean oil.                                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

# APPENDIX IV. TRADE BARRIERS

## A. Products Subject to a Five Percent Import Tariff

Saudi Arabia imposes a 5 percent import duty on all food and
agricultural products with the exception of the following:

## B. Products Subject to a 20 percent Customs Duty

The Kingdom justifies imposition of a 20 percent import duty when local
production of a food or agricultural product meets or exceeds 40 percent
of total consumption. This measure is aimed at protecting local
production from competitively priced imports. The table below provides a
list of products subject to a 20 percent import duty.

+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| **H.S. CODE**    | **CATEGORY**                   | **Ad Valorem     |
|                  |                                | Duty Rate**      |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 0207.            | Meat and Offal of Poultry      | 20% (with        |
| 10.00-0207.50.00 |                                | minimum duty of  |
|                  |                                | US\$0.27 per Kg) |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 0208.10.10 &     | Meat of Rabbits or Hares,      | 20% (with        |
| 0208.20.20       | fresh, chilled or frozen       | minimum duty of  |
|                  |                                | US\$0.27 per Kg) |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 0208.90.21 &     | Deer, and Gazelle              | 20% (with        |
| 0208.90.22       |                                | minimum duty of  |
|                  |                                | US\$0.27 per Kg) |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 0407.00.19       | Table eggs                     | 20% (with        |
|                  |                                | minimum duty of  |
| 0408.            | Birds' eggs, not in shells,    | US\$0.16 per     |
| 11.00-0408.99.00 | fresh, cooked or dried         | egg)             |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 1302.19.30       | Tahina (sesame concentrate)    |                  |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 1701.            | Sugar (crystal, or varying     |                  |
| 99.11-1701.99.31 | refinement, cubes or blocks    |                  |
|                  | and powdered)                  |                  |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 1704.10.00       | Chewing Gum                    |                  |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 1704.            | Sugar Confectionery, Toffee    |                  |
| 90.10-1704.90.40 | and other                      |                  |
|                  |                                |                  |
| 1704.            |                                |                  |
| 90.60-1704.90.90 |                                |                  |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 1806.            | Sugar Confectionery Containing |                  |
| 20.20-1806.90.90 | Cocoa (including Ice-Cream &   |                  |
|                  | Ice-Cream powder)              |                  |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 1901.10.20       | Infant Foods based on milk or  |                  |
|                  | milk prepared as substitute    |                  |
|                  | for mother's milk, containing  |                  |
|                  | less than 10%, by weight of    |                  |
|                  | cocoa                          |                  |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 1902.11.10       | Macaroni and similar products  |                  |
|                  | such as spaghetti and pasta    |                  |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 1904.10.10       | Prepared foods obtained by the |                  |
|                  | swelling or roasting of        |                  |
| 1904.90.10       | cereals of cereal products     |                  |
|                  | containing cocoa               |                  |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 1905.30.10 &     | Sweet Biscuits and other       |                  |
| 1905.90.93       | Biscuits, whether or not       |                  |
|                  | salted                         |                  |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 2105.00.00       | Ice Cream and other edible     |                  |
|                  | ice, whether or not containing |                  |
|                  | cocoa                          |                  |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+
| 2201.10.10 &     | Natural Mineral Waters &       |                  |
| 2201.90.10       | Ordinary Natural Waters        |                  |
+------------------+--------------------------------+------------------+

  ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
  2501.00.10              Common Salt

  4409.10.00-4414.00.00   Molded Wood and Wooden Frames
  ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

## C. Products Subject to a 12 percent Customs Duty

  ------------ -----------------------------------------------------------
  **HS Code**  **Description**

  0406300000   Cheese, processed, not grated or powdered

  0406400000   Cheese, blue-veined, Nesoi

  0406901000   Cheese, cheddar, Nesoi

  0710100000   Potatoes, uncooked or cooked by steaming or boiling in
               water, frozen

  0902300000   Black Tea (Fermented) and partly fermented Tea, in
               immediate packing of a content not exceeding 3kg

  1507904020   Soybean oil and its fractions, once-refined (Subject to
               alkalai or caustic wash but not bleached or deodorized),
               not chemically modified

  1511900000   Palm oil and its Fractions, refined but not chemically
               modified

  1512190020   Sunflower - seed oil and fractions thereof, refined, but
               not chemically modified

  1513290000   Palm kernel or babassu oil and fractions thereof, refined
               but not chemically modified

  1514900000   Rapeseed, Colza or Mustard oil and Fractions thereof,
               refined, but not chemically modified

  1515290020   Corn (Maize) oil and its Fractions, once-refined (subject
               to Alkalai or caustic Wash but not bleached or deodorized)
               not chemically modified

  1601000010   Sausages and similar products, of poultry, of chicken

  1601000020   Sausages and similar products, of other poultry

  1602509020   Prepared meals of the meat of bovine animals, containing
               cereals or vegetables

  1901200005   Mixes and dough for the prep of cookies (sweet biscuits),
               waffles and wafers, containing cocoa powder in a proportion
               by weight of less than 40%

  1901200015   Mixes and dough for the preparation of pastries, cakes and
               similar sweet baked products, including gingerbread,
               pudding, contain \<40% cocoa powder

  190220020    Pasta, stuffed, canned

  1904100080   Prepared foods obtained by the swelling or roasting or
               cereals or cereal products, not containing cane and or beet
               sugar
  ------------ -----------------------------------------------------------

  ------------ -----------------------------------------------------------
  1905400000   Rusks, toasted bread and similar toasted products

  1905901041   Pastries, cakes, similar baked products and puddings,
               whether or not containing chocolate, fruit, nuts or
               confectionery, frozen

  1905901049   Bread, biscuits and similar baked products, whether or not
               containing chocolate, fruit, nuts or confectionery, frozen

  1905901080   Bread, biscuits and similar baked products, whether or not
               containing chocolate, fruit, nuts or confectionery, Nesoi

  1905901050   Pastry, cakes, and similar sweet baked products, and
               puddings whether or not containing chocolate, fruit, nuts
               or confectionary, Nesoi

  1905909030   Corn chips and similar crisp savory snack foods

  2005200020   Potato chips, prepared or preserved otherwise than by
               vinegar or acetic acid, not frozen, other than products of
               heading 2006

  2005400000   Peas (Pisum sativum), prepared or preserved otherwise than
               by vinegar or acetic acid, not frozen

  2005512020   Cowpeas, black-eye, shelled, dried canned

  2005514040   Beans (Vigna spp., Phaseolus spp.) except black-eye
               cowpeas, shelled, prepared or preserved otherwise than by
               vinegar or acetic acid, Nesoi not frozen

  2008111000   Peanut butter

  2009110020   Orange juice, unfermented, frozen in containers each
               holding less than 0.946 liter

  2009204020   Grapefruit juice, unfermented, Nesoi, frozen

  2009303000   Citrus, juice of single fruit, unfermented, not containing
               spirit, whether or not sweetened Nesoi, not concentrated

  2009402000   Pineapple, juice, unfermented, not concentrated or having a
               degree of concentration not more than 3.5 degrees

  2009500000   Tomato juice (dry wight content less than 7%)

  2009600060   Grape juice including grape must, unfermented,
               concentrated, not frozen

  2009700010   Apple juice, unfermented, concentrated, frozen

  2009800000   Juice of any other single fruit or vegetable, unfermented
               not containing added spirit, whether or not sweetened,
               Nesoi

  2009902000   Mixtures of vegetable juices, unfermented

  2009904000   Mixtures of fruit juices, unfermented

  2102100000   Yeasts, active

  2102-        Yeasts, dead sing-cell micro-org Nesoi, bak powder

  2102300000   Baking powders, prepared

  2103202000   Tomato Ketchup

  2103909020   Mayonnaise

  2202903400   Orange juice fortified with vitamins or minerals, in
               non-concentrated form

  2202909090   Nonalcoholic beverages, Nesoi, excluding fruit or vegetable
               juices of heading 2009
  ------------ -----------------------------------------------------------

## D. Products Subject to a 100 percent Customs Duty

## 

Saudi Arabia imposes a minimum of 100 percent customs duty on tobacco
and tobacco products. This high tariff was implemented to discourage
smoking as well as to increasing government revenue.

  -------- ------------------- -------------- --------------- --------- ---------
  **H.S.   **Product           **Tariff                                 
  CODE**   Description**       Rate**                                   

  240110   Tobacco, not        100% or                                  
           stemmed/stripped    US\$5.33/kg                              

  240120   Tobacco, partly or  100% or                                  
           wholly              US\$5.33/kg                              
           stemmed/stripped                                             

  240130   Tobacco refuse      100% or                                  
           (waste)             US\$5.33/kg                              

  240210   Cigars, cheroots    100% or                                  
           and cigarillos,     US\$40/kg                                
           containing tobacco                                           

  240220   Cigarettes          100% or                                  
           containing tobacco  US\$26.67/kg                             

  240290   Cigars, cheroots,   100% or                                  
           cigarillos and      US\$40/kg                                
           cigarettes of                                                
           tobacco                                                      
           substitutes, not                                             
           containing tobacco                                           

  240310   Smoking tobacco,    100% or                                  
           whether or not      US\$10.67/kg                             
           containing tobacco                                           
           substitutes in any                                           
           proportion                                                   

  240391   Homogenized or      100% or                                  
           reconstituted       US\$10.67/kg                             
           tobacco                                                      

  240399   Manufactured        100% or                                  
           tobacco and its     US\$1.6/kg                               
           substitutes, nesoi,                                          
           tobacco extracts                                             
           and essences                                                 
  -------- ------------------- -------------- --------------- --------- ---------

## E. Products Banned from Importation

## 

For religious reasons, Saudi Arabia bans imports of alcoholic beverages,
live swine, pork and foodstuff ingredients or additives that contain
pork products including pork fat, and gelatin. Meat and poultry
shipments must be accompanied by a "Halal" slaughter certificate issued
by an Islamic center in the country of origin.

Provided below are products banned by the Saudi Government:

  ------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
  **H.S. CODE**       **CATEGORY**

  ------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

  ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
  0103.10.00-0103.92.00   Live Swine

  ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 0203.            | Meat & Offal of Swine, fresh, chilled or frozen   |
| 11.00-0203.29.00 |                                                   |
|                  |                                                   |
| 0206.            |                                                   |
| 30.00-0206.49.00 |                                                   |
|                  |                                                   |
| 0210.            |                                                   |
| 11.00-0210.19.00 |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 0205.00.90       | Meat of Asses, Mules, or Hinnies, fresh, chilled  |
|                  | or frozen                                         |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 0208.20.00       | Frog's legs                                       |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

  ------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
  0908.20.00          Mace

  ------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

  ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
  1207.91.00-1302.19.10   Poppy Seeds, Hemp Seeds, Opium and Hops

  ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2203.            | Alcoholic Beverages                               |
| 00.10-2206.00.00 |                                                   |
|                  |                                                   |
| 2208.            |                                                   |
| 10.10-2208.50.00 |                                                   |
|                  |                                                   |
| 2208.90.90,      |                                                   |
| 2307.00.10       |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

  ------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
  4107.10.00          Leather of Swine

  ------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

## F. Shelf Life

U.S. exporters must pay attention to \"Shelf life\" regulations issued
by the Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO). The shelf life for
several products was reduced in 1993.

Saudi Standard Number 702/1993 (Gulf Standard No. 150/1993) entitled
"Expiration Periods of Food Products-Part One," modified expiration
periods of selected food products. The shelf life of several products
was halved, even though the expiration periods on others were actually
increased.

The following table summarizes products subject to a shorter shelf life
as a result Saudi Standard No. 702/1993:

+---------------+------------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Product       | Type of          | Expiration      | Expiration     |
|               | packaging        | period          | period SSA 702 |
|               |                  |                 | ( GS 150/93)   |
|               |                  | SSA 457/84      |                |
+---------------+------------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Spiced tomato | Hermetically     | 24 months       | 12 months      |
| sauce         | sealed:          |                 |                |
|               |                  | 24 months       | 18 months      |
|               | -metallic        |                 |                |
|               |                  |                 |                |
|               | Containers       |                 |                |
|               |                  |                 |                |
|               | -glass           |                 |                |
|               |                  |                 |                |
|               | Containers       |                 |                |
+---------------+------------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Tomato puree  | Hermetically     | 18 months       | 12 months      |
| (pulp) &      | sealed:          |                 |                |
| ketchup       |                  |                 |                |
|               | -metallic        |                 |                |
|               | containers       |                 |                |
+---------------+------------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Tomato sauce  | Metallic         | N/a             | 12 months      |
|               | containers       |                 |                |
|               |                  | N/a             | 18 months      |
|               | Glass containers |                 |                |
+---------------+------------------+-----------------+----------------+
| Strained baby | -tightly sealed  | 24 months       | 12 months      |
| foods         | glass containers |                 |                |
|               | & sterilized     |                 |                |
+---------------+------------------+-----------------+----------------+

  --------------- ------------------- ------------------ -----------------
  Baby food in    -metallic           24 months          18 months
  powder or       containers packed                      
  granules form   under vacuum or in                     
  prepared from   the presence of                        
  cereals,        inert gas & tightly                    
  legumes, fruits sealed                                 
  or vegetables,                                         
  etc.                                                   

  --------------- ------------------- ------------------ -----------------

######## Food products requiring by its nature definite temperature for storing

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Product           Type of packaging Expiration period Expiration period
                                      SSA 457/84        GS 150/93

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Beef & buffalo,   Suitable          4 weeks from      21 days
  meat              containers (temp. slaughtering date 
                    0 c to (-2) c                       

  Mutton & goat     Suitable          4 weeks from      14 days from
  meat              containers (temp. slaughtering date slaughtering date
                    O c to (-2)                         
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

END OF REPORT