# GLOBE PROJECT for GLOBE Learning Expedition

**ŠIBENIK 2003.**

# ARE THE PINE FORESTS AROUND 

***LABIN DYING ???***

# 

***SECONDARY SCHOOL MATE BLAŽINA***

***L A B I N, CROATIA***

***AUTHORS:***

***STUDENTS: GLOBE group***

***GLOBE TEACHERS: Mira HRVATIN & Čeda
PERKO***![](media/image1.wmf){width="2.7493055555555554in"
height="1.7625in"}

![](media/image2.wmf){width="2.7493055555555554in"
height="1.8041666666666667in"}

1.  **SUMMARY**

**Globe group** of our school for this year project, has chosen to
record the conditions of pine forests in the Labin area, because they
are precondition for development of our district especially because the
orientation of this area is towards tourism, and in this sense pine
forests are of great value.

Basically we decided to record the conditions of pine forests on 7
locations in Labin area,so we could get answer to this question:

**«Are pine forests of Labin dying ?»**

We split our work, chose methods of work, determined working groups and
time of realization so we could get a complete picture of the conditions
of pine forests in Labin area and the answer to our question.

**Steps of work were:**

-   Selection of location, position and classification of the species

-   Finding out the degree of damage and infection of the trees

-   Analysis of plant material (pine needles)

-   Atmospheric influence

**The resultes** of our work show that pine forests of Labin are now in
a quite bad condition and we also noticed that human care is not
adequate.

**The conclusion** of our work is that the care about forests needs to
be increased so they can be «lungs» and «decoration» of our area in the
future, and the answer to our question is:

**«No, they are not dying, not yet,**

**but forests should be preserved for man, but also from the man.»**

2.  **RESEARCH QUESTION**

Significant decrease of forest\'s surface has been taking place
paralelly with the development of the industry and urbanisation during
the last 200 years.

**In The Republic of Croatia,** share of the forests according to the
purpose is: 84% economical purpose and only 16% protecting purpose.

**Labin Municipality** in its «Strategy of development of Labin area
until 2010» as one of the important task is monitoring the conditions
are well and the protection of forests because Labin area is attractive
for tourists, and because of that tourist and aesthetic function of
forests for our area is very important.

**GLOBE group** in our school, for this year project, has chosen to
monitor the condition of pine-trees in Labin area because they are
prerequisite for development of our region specially because of our
orientation towards the development of prominent tourism and importance
of pine forests for tourism is priceless.

In our research we decided to monitor conditions on 7 location of pine
forests in Labin area so that we could answer the question:

**«Are pine forests in Labin area dying ???»**

3.  **RESEARCH METHODS**

In order to get complete picture of the condition of the pine forests in
the Labin area, and t get the answer to our question, we divided our
work into several stages, according to which we chose different methods
of work, we appointed leaders of each stage, and we specified groups and
the time of realisation (Chart No.1.)

**CHART No.1.** **Stage of work, methods, leaders, groups and time of
realisation**

+-------------+--------------+-------+----------------+--------------+
| **STAGE OF  | **METHODS OF | **ST  | **WORKGROUP**  | **TIME OF    |
| WORK**      | WORK**       | UDENT |                | R            |
|             |              | LEA   |                | EALISATION** |
|             |              | DER** |                |              |
+-------------+--------------+-------+----------------+--------------+
| 1\.         | Globe GPS    | M     | Globe GPS      | September,   |
| Defining    | protocols    | artin | group          | 2002.        |
| c           |              |       |                |              |
| o-ordinates |              |       |                |              |
+-------------+--------------+-------+----------------+--------------+
| 2\.         | Economic     | Goran | Globe GPS      | September,   |
| Specifying  | basis of the |       | group          | 2002.        |
| area        | Croatian     |       |                |              |
|             | forests      |       |                |              |
+-------------+--------------+-------+----------------+--------------+
| 3\.         | Globe MUC    | Iva   | Globe biol.    | October      |
| Specifying  | protocols    |       | group          | 2002.        |
| sort of     |              |       |                |              |
| trees       |              |       |                |              |
+-------------+--------------+-------+----------------+--------------+
| 4\.         | Suggestion   | Iva   | 3th class      | November     |
| Identifying | Forestry     |       | grammar school | 2002. to     |
| damage      | institute\   |       |                | January      |
|             | Globe        |       |                | 2003.        |
|             | biometry     |       |                |              |
+-------------+--------------+-------+----------------+--------------+
| 5\.         | Foresty      | Iva   | 3th class      | November     |
| Infected by | institute    |       | commecial      | 2002. to     |
| pine moth   | instructions |       | school         | January      |
|             |              |       |                | 2003.        |
|             | Visual       |       |                |              |
|             | survey       |       |                |              |
+-------------+--------------+-------+----------------+--------------+
| 6\.         | UNESCO-SEMEP | Marin | UNESCO-SEMEP   | November     |
| Possible    | protocols    |       | group          | 2002. to     |
| polluters   |              |       |                | January      |
|             |              |       |                | 2003.        |
+-------------+--------------+-------+----------------+--------------+
| 7\.         | Globe        | Kat   | Globe soil     | November     |
| Analysis of | protocols    | arina | group ,2nd     | 2002. to     |
| soil        | for soil     |       | class grammar  | January      |
|             |              |       | school         | 2003.        |
+-------------+--------------+-------+----------------+--------------+
| 8\.         | Suggestion   | Kat   | Globe          | November     |
| Analysis of | Foresty      | arina | hydrolog.      | 2002. to     |
| pine        | institute    |       | group          | January      |
| needles     |              |       |                | 2003.        |
+-------------+--------------+-------+----------------+--------------+
| 9\.         | Data by ZZZ  | Marin | Globe meteo    | January      |
| Atmospheric | Pula and TE  |       | group          | 2003.        |
| influence   | Plomin       |       |                |              |
+-------------+--------------+-------+----------------+--------------+
| 10\.        | Globe        | All   | Globe group    | February     |
| Analysis of | protocols    |       | leaders        | 2003.        |
| results     |              |       |                |              |
+-------------+--------------+-------+----------------+--------------+

**Procedure:** After all students get acquainted with the task of
exploring, groups of 3-5 students are formed according to their interest
and stage of work.

**[PARTICIPANTS IN THIS PROJECT:]{.underline}**

**AUTHORS:** **GLOBE group:** **30** students of different age and
different classes\
**5** students -leaders

**GLOBE teachers:** Mira HRVATIN & Čeda PERKO

**STUDENTS:** **20** students of the 2^nd^ class in grammar school as an
elective subject

**30** students of the 3rd class in grammar school and commercial school
as their

elective subject or as a part of school subjects such as: biology,
chemistry.

**TEACHERS**: Anka DUNDARA, English teacher

Mirjana CVIJIN, Teacher of Croatian language

Vladimir KUŠAN dr.sc., Reviewer

**[COLLABORATORS ON THIS PROJECT:]{.underline}**

-   INSTITUTE FOR FORESTRY, ZAGREB, team under the leadership of
    dr.sc.Boris VRBEK

-   CROATIAN FORESTS, LABIN

-   INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH PROTECTION, PULA

-   TE PLOMIN, Enviroment protection department

-   LABIN MUNICIPALITY -- Regional planning department

-   TOURIST ASSOCIATION OF LABIN

4.  **DATA SUMMARY**

> **4.1. Selecting locations, coordinates and classification of
> species**

On the chosen locations the geographical coordinates were determined as
well as the area and the type of trees and the MUC code according to the
type of the forest (Chart No. 2.)

**CHART No. 2. Selecting locations, coordinates and classification of
species**

+--------------------+-------+---------+-------+----+----------+-----+
| **LOCATION**       | **    | **LONG  | *     | ** | **S      | *   |
|                    | LATIT | ITUDE** | *HIGH | AR | PECIES** | *MU |
|                    | UDE** |         | ABOVE | EA |          | C** |
|                    |       |         | THE   | ** |          |     |
|                    |       |         | SEA   |    |          |     |
|                    |       |         | LE    | ** |          |     |
|                    |       |         | VEL** | m^ |          |     |
|                    |       |         |       | 2^ |          |     |
|                    |       |         |       | \* |          |     |
|                    |       |         |       | ** |          |     |
+--------------------+-------+---------+-------+----+----------+-----+
| **1. PINETA -      | *     | **14    | **    | *  | **Black  | **  |
| LABIN**            | *45.0 | .125E** | 274** | *2 | pine**   | 112 |
|                    | 89N** |         |       | 99 |          | 1** |
|                    |       |         |       | 12 |          |     |
|                    |       |         |       | ** |          |     |
+--------------------+-------+---------+-------+----+----------+-----+
| **2. STARCI -      | *     | **14    | **    | ** | **Black  | **  |
| LABIN**            | *45.0 | .114E** | 197** | 10 | pine**   | 112 |
|                    | 95N** |         |       | 00 |          | 1** |
|                    |       |         |       | ** |          |     |
+--------------------+-------+---------+-------+----+----------+-----+
| **3. MUP - LABIN** | *     | **14    | **    | ** | **Aleppo | **  |
|                    | *45.0 | .122E** | 225** | 31 | pine**   | 112 |
|                    | 96N** |         |       | 32 |          | 1** |
|                    |       |         |       | ** |          |     |
+--------------------+-------+---------+-------+----+----------+-----+
| **4. VODOVOD-      | *     | **14    | **    | ** | **Black  | **  |
| LABIN**            | *45.0 | .119E** | 229** | 20 | pine**   | 112 |
|                    | 89N** |         |       | 00 |          | 1** |
|                    |       |         |       | ** |          |     |
+--------------------+-------+---------+-------+----+----------+-----+
| **5. KRANJCI -     | **45. | **14    | **    | ** | **Black  | **  |
| LABIN**            | 065** | .128E** | 247** | 76 | pine**   | 112 |
|                    |       |         |       | 00 |          | 1** |
|                    |       |         |       | ** |          |     |
+--------------------+-------+---------+-------+----+----------+-----+
| **6. LANTERNA-     | *     | **14    | *     | ** | **Aleppo | **  |
| RABAC**            | *45.0 | .167E** | *32** | 73 | pine**   | 112 |
|                    | 75N** |         |       | 53 |          | 1** |
|                    |       |         |       | ** |          |     |
+--------------------+-------+---------+-------+----+----------+-----+
| **7.GIRANDELLA-    | *     | **14    | *     | ** | **Aleppo | **  |
| RABAC**            | *45.0 | .173E** | *37** | 78 | pine**   | 112 |
|                    | 78N** |         |       | 46 |          | 1** |
|                    |       |         |       | ** |          |     |
+--------------------+-------+---------+-------+----+----------+-----+

**\* Information acquired from Croatia forests, branch Labin**

**4.2.Establishing the degree of damage and infection of the trees**

The degree of damage to the crown of the trees, the number of trees
infected by the pine moth and the possible sources of pollution are
defined by field work, by the instructions of the Institute for
Forestry, Zagreb and GLOBE biological protocol (Chart No.3.)

**Chart No. 3. The degree of damage of the crown of the trees, number of
trees infected by the mun moth and possible sources of pollution**

+--------+------+------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+
| **Loca | **1. | **2. | **3. | **4.  | **5. | **6.  | **7   | **T |
| tion** | Pine | Star | M    | Vod   | Kran | Lant  | .Gira | ota |
|        | ta** | ci** | UP** | ov.** | j.** | er.** | nd.** | l** |
+--------+------+------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+
| **No.  | **   | **   | **   | *     | **   | *     | *     | *   |
| of     | 49** | 71** | 76** | *56** | 60** | *98** | *38** | *44 |
| t      |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | 8** |
| rees** |      |      |      |       |      |       |       |     |
+--------+------+------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+
| *      | *    | *    | *    | **0** | **   | **5** | **4** | **4 |
| *No.** | *7** | *0** | *9** |       | 15** |       |       | 0** |
|        |      |      |      | **0** |      | **    | **1   |     |
| **     | **14 | *    | **11 |       | **   | 5.1** | 0.5** | *   |
| Damage | .2** | *0** | .8** |       | 25** |       |       | *8. |
| 0^o^** |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | 9** |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       |     |
| **%**  |      |      |      |       |      |       |       |     |
+--------+------+------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+
| *      | **   | *    | **   | **0** | **   | *     | **5** | *   |
| *No.** | 14** | *4** | 29** |       | 34** | *34** |       | *12 |
|        |      |      |      | **0** |      |       | **1   | 0** |
| **     | **28 | **5  | **38 |       | **56 | **3   | 3.1** |     |
| Damage | .6** | .7** | .2** |       | .5** | 4.7** |       | **  |
| 1^o^** |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | 26. |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | 8** |
| **%**  |      |      |      |       |      |       |       |     |
+--------+------+------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+
| *      | **   | **   | **   | **9** | *    | *     | *     | *   |
| *No.** | 20** | 18** | 22** |       | *7** | *31** | *16** | *12 |
|        |      |      |      | **1   |      |       |       | 3** |
| **     | **40 | **25 | **28 | 6.1** | **12 | **3   | **4   |     |
| Damage | .8** | .4** | .9** |       | .0** | 1.6** | 2.1** | **  |
| 2^o^** |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | 27. |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | 5** |
| **%**  |      |      |      |       |      |       |       |     |
+--------+------+------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+
| *      | *    | **   | **   | *     | *    | *     | *     | *   |
| *No.** | *7** | 42** | 13** | *42** | *1** | *22** | *12** | *13 |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | 9** |
| **     | **14 | **59 | **17 | **7   | **1  | **2   | **3   |     |
| Damage | .3** | .1** | .1** | 5.0** | .5** | 2.4** | 1.6** | **  |
| 3^o^** |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | 31. |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | 0** |
| **%**  |      |      |      |       |      |       |       |     |
+--------+------+------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+
| *      | *    | *    | *    | **5** | *    | **6** | **1** | **2 |
| *No.** | *1** | *7** | *3** |       | *3** |       |       | 6** |
|        |      |      |      | **    |      | **    | **    |     |
| **     | **2  | **9  | **4  | 8.9** | **5  | 6.2** | 2.7** | *   |
| Damage | .1** | .8** | .0** |       | .0** |       |       | *5. |
| 4^o^** |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | 8** |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       |     |
| **%**  |      |      |      |       |      |       |       |     |
+--------+------+------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+
| *      | *    | *    | **   | **0** | **   | **0** | **0** | **4 |
| *No.** | *4** | *0** | 18** |       | 18** |       |       | 0** |
|        |      |      |      | **0** |      | **0** | **0** |     |
| **Pine | **8  | *    | **23 |       | **30 |       |       | *   |
| moth** | .1** | *0** | .6** |       | .0** |       |       | *8. |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | 9** |
| **%**  |      |      |      |       |      |       |       |     |
+--------+------+------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+
| **     | *    | *    | *    | **6** | *    | **4** | **3** | *   |
| Evalua | *1** | *7** | *4** |       | *2** |       |       | *ba |
| tion** |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | d** |
+--------+------+------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+
| **S    | **-t | **-t | **-t | **    | **-t | **    | **    | **- |
| ources | raff | raff | raff | -traf | raff | -cons | -cons | tra |
| of     | ic** | ic** | ic** | fic** | ic** | tr.** | tr.** | ffi |
| pollu  |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | c** |
| tion** | **   | **   | **-i | **    |      | **w   | **w   |     |
|        | -was | -was | ndus | -indu |      | ork** | ork** | *   |
|        | te** | te** | t.** | st.** |      |       |       | *-w |
|        |      |      |      |       |      | **    | **    | ast |
|        | **-i | **-c |      |       |      | -traf | -traf | e** |
|        | ndus | onst |      |       |      | fic** | fic** |     |
|        | t.** | r.** |      |       |      |       |       | **- |
|        |      |      |      |       |      | **-e  | *     | con |
|        |      | **wo |      |       |      | xpan. | *-exp | str |
|        |      | rk** |      |       |      | of    | an.** | .** |
|        |      |      |      |       |      | bea   |       |     |
|        |      | **-i |      |       |      | ch.** | **of  | **  |
|        |      | ndus |      |       |      |       | be    | wor |
|        |      | t.** |      |       |      | **-wa | ach** | k** |
|        |      |      |      |       |      | ste** |       |     |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       | **-wa | **- |
|        |      |      |      |       |      | **    | ste** | ind |
|        |      |      |      |       |      | -indu |       | ust |
|        |      |      |      |       |      | st.** | **    | .** |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       | -indu |     |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       | st.** | **- |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | exp |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | an. |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | of  |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | b   |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | eac |
|        |      |      |      |       |      |       |       | h** |
+--------+------+------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+-----+

**4.3. Analysis of soil**

Following the GLOBE protocol and instructions of Institute for Forestry
the soil on the depth of 20 cm has been analyzed (Chart No. 4.)

**CHART No. 4. Physical and chemical characteristics of ground, average
values of three samples**

+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| #######       | ** | *  | *  | *  | * | * | **N | **OBSERVATION** |
| **INDICATOR** | LO | *C | *A | *T | * | * | S** |                 |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | I | O |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * | **  |                 |
|               | *  | *  | *  | *  | * | * | 7** |                 |
|               | *1 | *2 | *3 | *4 |   |   |     |                 |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 5 | 6 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Type of     | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | * | **  | **Chiefly\      |
| soil : Clay\  | 67 | 62 | 67 | 66 | * | * | 60. | CLAYISH**       |
| Sand\         | .8 | .3 | .9 | .5 | 6 | 5 | 0** |                 |
| Powder/dirt** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 1 | 5 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | . | . | **  |                 |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | 8 | 5 | 35. |                 |
|               | 27 | 35 | 27 | 28 | * | * | 5** |                 |
|               | .8 | .5 | .7 | .0 | * | * |     |                 |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** |   |   | *   |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * | *4. |                 |
|               | *  | *  | *  | *  | * | * | 5** |                 |
|               | *4 | *2 | *4 | *5 | 3 | 3 |     |                 |
|               | .4 | .2 | .4 | .5 | 6 | 8 |     |                 |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | . | . |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 0 | 9 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    |   |   |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 2 | 5 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | . | . |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 2 | 6 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Porosity    | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | * | **4 | **Badly         |
| %**           | 46 | 43 | 50 | 52 | * | * | 4** | porous**        |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | 4 | 4 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 4 | 0 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Contents of | ** | *  | ** | *  | * | * | *   | **Low content   |
| carbonats %** | \< | *3 | \< | *3 | * | * | *3- | of carbonats**  |
|               | 1  | -5 | 1  | -5 | 1 | 3 | 5** |                 |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | - | - |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 3 | 5 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Contents of | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | * | *   | **Low content   |
| humus %**     | \< | \< | \< | \< | * | * | *\< | of humus**      |
|               | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | \ | \ | 1** |                 |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | < | < |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 1 | 1 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Acidity,    | *  | *  | *  | *  | * | * | *   | **Low acidity** |
| pH-value**    | *6 | *8 | *6 | *6 | * | * | *6. |                 |
|               | .5 | .0 | .5 | .5 | 6 | 6 | 0** |                 |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | . | . |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 0 | 5 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Ammonium as | *  | ** | ** | *  | * | * | **  | **Low acidity** |
| NH~4~^+^      | *5 | 10 | 10 | *0 | * | * | 7** |                 |
| mg/l**        | ** | ** | ** | ** | 5 | 0 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Nitrates /  | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | * | **  | **Little        |
| Nitritas as N | 11 | 5. | 11 | 2. | * | * | 2.2 | quantity of     |
| mg/l**        | .4 | 68 | .4 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 7** | nourishment**   |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | . | . |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 1 | 2 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 4 | 7 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Phosphates  | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | * | **  | **Little        |
| as P mg/l**   | 3. | 1. | 1. | 2. | * | * | 3.2 | quantity of     |
|               | 25 | 63 | 63 | 26 | 3 | 0 | 5** | nourishment**   |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | . | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 2 | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 5 |   |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * |   |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * |   |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Potassium,  | *  | *  | *  | *  | * | * | **5 | **Little        |
| mg/l**        | *0 | *0 | *1 | *1 | * | * | 0** | quantity of     |
|               | ** | ** | 00 | 00 | 1 | 1 |     | nourishment**   |
|               |    |    | ** | ** | 5 | 0 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 0 | 0 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Chlorides,  | *  | *  | *  | *  | * | * | **  | **Max allowed   |
| mg/l**        | *0 | *0 | *0 | *0 | * | * | 0** | quantity for    |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | 0 | 0 |     | water is 200    |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     | mg/l**          |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Sulfates,   | *  | *  | *  | *  | * | * | **\ | **Max allowed   |
| mg/l**        | *\ | *\ | *\ | *\ | * | * | >40 | quantity for    |
|               | >4 | >4 | >4 | >4 | 3 | 3 | 0** | water is 200    |
|               | 00 | 00 | 00 | 00 | 0 | 0 |     | mg/l**          |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | 0 | 0 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Copper,     | *  | *  | *  | *  | * | * | **  | **Allowed       |
| mg/l**        | *0 | *1 | *5 | *0 | * | * | 2** | quantity (      |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | 5 | 0 |     | 0.1-10 mg/l)**  |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Iron,       | *  | *  | *  | *  | * | * | *   | **Allowed       |
| mg/l**        | *0 | *1 | *0 | *3 | * | * | *1. | quantity        |
|               | ** | .5 | ** | ** | 1 | 1 | 5** | (0.5-10mg/l)**  |
|               |    | ** |    |    | . | . |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | 5 | 5 |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Lead,       | *  | *  | *  | *  | * | * | **  | **Max allowed   |
| mg/l**        | *0 | *0 | *0 | *0 | * | * | 0** | quantity for    |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | 0 | 0 |     | water is \<     |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     | 0.5mg/l**       |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+
| **Mercury,    | *  | *  | *  | *  | * | * | **  | **Max allowed   |
| mg/l**        | *0 | *0 | *0 | *0 | * | * | 0** | quantity for    |
|               | ** | ** | ** | ** | 0 | 0 |     | water is \<     |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     | 0.005mg/l**     |
|               |    |    |    |    | * | * |     |                 |
+---------------+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----+-----------------+

**\* PEDOLOGICAL CHARASTERISTICS \*ORGANOGENETIC ELEMENTS**

**\*HARMFUL ELEMENTS \* BIOELEMENTS**

**4.4. Analysis of plant material (needles)**

Water extract of the pine needles has been examined ( Chart No. 5. ).

CHART No. 5. Analysis of plant material (needles), average values based
on 3 samples

+------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| INDICATOR              | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  | **O |
|                        | L** | O** | C** | A** | T** | I** | N** |
|                        |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|                        | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  |
|                        | 1** | 2** | 3** | 4** | 5** | 6** | 7** |
+------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| **Acidity, pH-value**  | *   | *   | *   | *   | *   | *   | *   |
|                        | *5. | *5. | *6. | *6. | *5. | *6. | *6. |
|                        | 5** | 5** | 5** | 5** | 5** | 0** | 5** |
+------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| **Nitrates / nitrites  | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  |
| as N mg/l**            | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** |
+------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| **Sulfates , mg/l**    | **\ | **\ | **\ | **\ | **\ | **\ | **\ |
|                        | <20 | <20 | <20 | <20 | <20 | <20 | <20 |
|                        | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** |
+------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| **Iron, mg/l**         | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  | *   | *   |
|                        | 0** | 2** | 3** | 0** | 0** | *1. | *1. |
|                        |     |     |     |     |     | 5** | 5** |
+------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| **Lead, mg/l**         | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  |
|                        | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** |
+------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| **Mercury, mg/l**      | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  | **  |
|                        | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** | 0** |
+------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

**4.5. Infulence of the atmosphere**

###### Data found on: GLOBE SERVER, meta data, Institute for Health Protection Pula; TE Plomin - department for the protection of the environment (Chart No. 6.).

**CHART No.6. Atmospheric influence**

+-----------------------+------------------------+--------------------+
| **FACTOR**            | **RECOMMENDED VALUES,  | **AVERAGE VALUES** |
|                       | µg/m^3^**              |                    |
|                       |                        | **( 01.2001.-      |
|                       |                        | 01.2003. )**       |
+-----------------------+------------------------+--------------------+
| **Rain pH**           | **5.60**               | **5.866**          |
+-----------------------+------------------------+--------------------+
| **Sulfur dioxide**    | **50**                 | **8.42**           |
+-----------------------+------------------------+--------------------+
| **Nitrogen dioxide**  | **40**                 | **6,73**           |
+-----------------------+------------------------+--------------------+
| **Nitrogen monoxide** | **1000**               | **1.07**           |
+-----------------------+------------------------+--------------------+
| **Dust**              | **75**                 | **24.26**          |
+-----------------------+------------------------+--------------------+

**5. ANALYSIS**

**5.1. Choice of locations, positions and the classification of species
(Chart No 2.)**

-   we determined the surface for the analysis with the help of Croatian
    forests Labin

-   of the 7 locations we determined 4 locations with black pine forest
    and 3 locations of aleppo pine forest, all 7 locations are evergreen
    forests of the submediterranean type, MUC-code 1121.

5.2. Establishing the degree of damage and infection of the trees (Chart
No 3.)

-   by the percentage of the damage locations Pineta and Kranjci are at
    the best, while Starci and Vodovod are in the worst state. This can
    be explained by the fact that Pineta is a forest at the base of the
    old city of Labin which is regularly maintained, and the forest in
    Kranjci is outside of town, while the locations Starci and Vodovod
    at the very center of the city and exposed to the bad influence of
    the urban enviroment

-   the biggest infection by pine moth is present at the location
    Kranjci which is again the result of the fact that it is outside of
    town and not being taken care of

-   locations in the tourist resort Rabac, Lanterna and Girandella are
    in a relatively good condition, but more attention should be paid to
    them, especially because of their tourist importance and
    construction works in the middle of the low season.

-   pine forests of the city of Labin are now in a relativly bad
    condition, and it has also been noticed that man\'s care of them is
    not adequate to the values which are received from them.

**5.3 Soil analysis ( Chart No. 4.)**

By soil analysis we have established :

-   Soil is mainly clay at all locations, brown color, with low porosity
    and accidity so it would match **the submediteranean soil type.**

-   By the depth it is mostly **shallow soil**

-   **The amount of nourishment** is relativly low so the soil is barren

-   **Harmful supstances** either aren\'t present in the soil samples or
    the amounts aren\'t of any importance.

**5.4 Analysis of plant material (needles) ( Chart No.5.)**

-   In the water extract of the pine needles **no harmful supstances
    were proven** which would indicate that soil and air are polluted at
    the chosen locations

**5.5 Influence of the atmosphere ( Chart No. 6.)**

-   From the data we have been given by the **Institute for health
    protection, Pula and TE Plomin** it can be seen that in the past two
    **years the quantity of the air pollutants has not been in the
    amount which could negatively influence** the growth and development
    of pine forests in our region.

5.  **CONCLUSIONS**

The pine forests of the town of Labin are in a relativly bad condition
and it has also been noticeed that the human care hasn\'t been adequate
to the benefit that comes from their value.

The conclusion of our work is that the care about forests needs to be
increased so they can be «lungs» and «decoration» of our area in the
future, and the answer to our question is:

«No, they are not dying, not yet,

but forests should be preserved for man, but also from the man.»

**7. DISCUSION**

In our work for chemical analysis we used equipment and protocols
prescribed by GLOBE PROGRAM. For the detection of the damage and
infection of the pine trees we used visual methods based on directions
of the Institute for forestry from Zagreb.

We suppose that the results would be a bit different if we had used
laboratory methods which are more precise and in case the visual
estimation was done by experts for this area.

**However, we are satisfied with the results of our work because we
think that they give sufficiently good evaluation of the conditions of
the pine tree in our area and that they\'ll stimulate responsible
authorities to take initiative in protection of this priceless treasure,
locally and globally.**

**8. BIBLIOGRAPHY**

1.  **Globe protocols**

2.  **Globe database**

3.  UNESCO-SEMEP protocols

4.  Kušan V.Z.Kalafadžić, B.Hrašovec,D.Diminić and M. Zdjelar, 1991.,
    The look of the damaged fir trees, juniper-trees and beech trees,
    Book 5., Croatian ecological association, Zagreb

5.  M.Gračanin and LJ.Ilijanić, 1977., Introduction of ecology of
    plants, School book, Zagreb, 1977.

6.  Other materials from:\
    - Institute for Forestry ,Zagreb\
    - Institution for health protection Pula\
    - TE Plomin

7.  Internet