July 22, 1994

Contract #TW0592

SPECIAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION 02730-S

[SANITARY SEWER SYSTEMS]{.underline}

Page

[PART 1 - GENERAL]{.underline}

1.01 Description Of Work 2

1.02 Submittals 2

1.03 Quality Assurance 2

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 Pipe And Fittings 2

2.02 Joints 3

2.03 Cleanouts 4

2.04 Services 4

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 Pipe Laying 4

3.02 Cleanouts 5

3.03 Septic Systems 5

3.04 Cleaning 6

3.05 Location Of Water And Sewer Lines 6

3.06 Inspection 6

3.07 Testing For Leakage 8

SPECIAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION 02730-S

[SANITARY SEWER SYSTEMS]{.underline}

# PART 1 - GENERAL

## 1.01 [DESCRIPTION OF WORK]{.underline}

A. [This section]{.underline} shall apply to the materials and
operations required for the installation of exterior sanitary sewer
systems.

B. [The extent]{.underline} of the work is indicated on the contract
drawings.

C. [Related Sections]{.underline}: Refer to the following sections for
related work:

1\. Division 2, Section \"Earthwork\".

2\. Division 2, Section \"Sewer Manholes\".

3\. Division 3, Section \"Cast-in-Place Concrete\".

## 1.02 [SUBMITTALS]{.underline}

[Submit Material Safety Data Sheets]{.underline} (MSDS) for joint
compounds as required.

## 1.03 [QUALITY ASSURANCE]{.underline}

A. [The materials and practices]{.underline} comprising the work shall
conform to this and other referenced standard specifications and codes.

B. [All materials used]{.underline} shall not contain any asbestos
fibers.

# PART 2 - PRODUCTS

## 2.01 [PIPE AND FITTINGS]{.underline}

[Pipe and fitting materials]{.underline} shall be ductile iron Each pipe
and fitting shall be marked with a permanent label which allows
identification of class and type of material. In addition, pipe shall
conform to the following requirements:

D. [Ductile iron (DI) pipe and fittings]{.underline} for sewer shall
conform to ASTM A 746. Ductile iron pipe shall have an asphaltic
lining..

2.02 [JOINTS]{.underline}

[Joint materials]{.underline} shall be furnished with the sewer pipe.
Gaskets shall be stored in accordance with ASTM C 443. In addition, the
joints shall conform to the following requirements:

C. [Ductile iron pipe]{.underline} for sewer shall have push-on rubber
gasket joints and shall conform to AWWA C111.

1\. All joints will be assembled in accordance with manufacturer\'s
published recommendations. If a lubricant is required to facilitate
assembly, it shall have no detrimental effect on the gasket or on the
pipe when subjected to prolonged exposure. Proper jointing may be
verified by rotation of the spigot by hand or with a strap wrench. If
unusual joining resistance is encountered or if the insertion mark does
not reach the flush position, disassemble the joint components and
repeat the assembly steps. Note that fitting bells may permit less
insertion depth than pipe bells. When mechanical equipment is used to
assemble joints, care should be taken to prevent over insertion.

2.03 [CLEANOUTS]{.underline}

[Cleanouts]{.underline} shall be constructed according to the standard
details and conform to the following materials requirements:

A. [Top]{.underline}: Iron ferrule with countersunk brass screw plug.

B. [Riser]{.underline}: Cast-iron, service weight, hub and spigot pipe
and fittings for DI and VCP sewer lines.

C. [Riser]{.underline} for PVC lines shall be PVC Schedule 40 pipe
conforming to ASTM D 2665 cast-iron soil pipe (service weight), or ABS
Schedule 40 sewer pipe conforming to ASTM D 2661. Only PVC or ABS shall
be used when connecting to flexible pipe.

D. [Wye or double-wye fitting]{.underline} on building sewer shall be of
the same material as the building sewer.

E. [Collar]{.underline}: Cast-in-place reinforced concrete shall conform
to the requirements of Division 3, Section \"Cast-in-Place Concrete\".

## 2.04 [SERVICES]{.underline}

A. [Sanitary sewer service]{.underline} lines shall be installed at all
locations shown on the plans.

B. [All fittings]{.underline} shall be compatible with the service line
material.

# PART 3 - EXECUTION

## 3.01 [PIPE LAYING]{.underline}

A. [The depth of sewer pipe mains]{.underline} shall be a minimum of 3
feet from top of finished grade to the top of sewer pipe, unless
otherwise indicated on the contract drawings.

B. [Pipe shall be laid]{.underline} on a smoothly graded, prepared
subgrade soil foundation true to alignment and grade as indicated on the
applicable contract drawings. Bell holes shall be hand-excavated so that
the bottom of the pipe is in continuous contact with the surface of the
prepared subgrade material. When joined in the trench, the pipe invert
shall form a true and straight line.

C. [Sewer pipe shall be laid]{.underline} according to the pipe
manufacturer\'s written recommendations or installation handbooks. If
conflicts occur between these specifications and the manufacturer\'s
instructions, these specifications shall govern.

G. [Approved backfill material]{.underline} shall be spaded and tamped
into the \"haunch\" area under each side of the pipe so that all void
spaces underneath the pipe are filled with compacted backfill material.

H. [Pipe laying]{.underline} shall proceed upstream with the spigot ends
pointing in the direction of flow. Pipe shall not be laid in standing
water or when trench or weather conditions are deemed unsuitable by the
Sandia Delegated Representative (SDR).

I. [Approved backfill material]{.underline} shall be placed in the
trench along the side of the pipe and compacted by hand up to the top of
the pipe. Approved backfill material shall be placed and compacted a
minimum of 12\" above the top of the pipe.

J. [Pipe coupons]{.underline} shall not be left inside the sewer main
when the direct-tapping method is used. All pipe coupons shall be
returned to the SDR.

## 3.02 [CLEANOUTS]{.underline}

[Single and two-way cleanouts]{.underline} shall be constructed at the
locations indicated and as detailed on the contract drawings. Cleanouts
and extensions to grade shall be constructed on 6\" and smaller lines at
the minimum spacing and at the locations required by the Uniform
Plumbing Code (UPC), Section 406, unless otherwise specified on the
contract drawings.

## 

## 3.04 [CLEANING]{.underline}

A. [Prior to laying pipe]{.underline}, each interior pipe section shall
be cleaned of all soil and debris.

B. [After laying backfill]{.underline}, all interior pipes shall be free
of all foreign material such as soil, cement mortar, joint compounds,
etc. If large amounts of material have accumulated, the SDR may require
flushing of the pipe. If flushing is required, any outlets into existing
lines shall be blocked so that no foreign material is discharged into
existing lines.

## 3.05 [LOCATION OF WATER AND SEWER LINES]{.underline}

A. [Mains]{.underline}: Water and sewer mains running parallel shall be
laid at least 10 feet apart horizontally with the water main at a higher
elevation than the top of the sewer line. Water and sewer mains shall be
laid in separate trenches in all cases. Where water and sewer mains are
laid closer than 10 feet or where they are crossing, the bottom of the
water main shall be at least 18\" higher than the top of the sewer line,
otherwise the sewer line shall be of pressure class pipe, or shall be
encased in concrete as indicated on the contract drawings, within 10
feet either side of the water main.

B. [Service Lines]{.underline}: Water and sewer service lines shall not
be laid in the same trench, unless the bottom of the water line, at all
points, is at least 12\" above the top of the sewer line, and the water
line shall be laid on a solid shelf excavated at one side of the common
trench. Where water and sewer service lines cross, the water line shall
be at least 12\" higher than the sewer.

## 3.06 [INSPECTION]{.underline}

A. [Upon arrival at the job site]{.underline}, all materials may be
inspected for conformance with the requirements of Part 2 of this
specification. Any rejected material shall immediately be removed from
the job site.

B. [When PVC pipe is stored outside]{.underline} and exposed to
prolonged periods of sunlight, an obvious discoloration of the pipe can
occur. This is an indication of reduced pipe impact strength, and any
particular length of pipe that is discolored shall be rejected. All pipe
rejected by the SDR shall be removed from the job site.

C. [Immediately prior to laying]{.underline}, each pipe section shall be
visually inspected for defects or damage. Any damaged or defective pipe
section shall not be used. Each pipe section shall be cleaned so that
the interior and joining surfaces of the pipe are free of soil and
debris.

> Vitrified clay pipe shall be inspected for straightness, true circular
> cross-section, cracks, blister, lumps, pits, broken bell and spigot,
> and general soundness according to ASTM C 700.

D. [After the trench has been backfilled]{.underline}, the DI and VCP
pipe shall be inspected for displacement, poor alignment or other
defects by illuminating the interior of the pipe using a lamp or mirror.
The pipeline shall be deemed to be in poor alignment if less than three
quarters of the opening at the opposite end of the pipe can be seen by
the SDR. Allowable deviations from vertical grade shown on the drawings
shall be no more than 3/8\" below or above the true grade line. In
addition, vertical sags and crowns in the pipe joints shall be no more
than 1/4\" across any 16 feet of pipe length. Horizontal alignment, as
shown on the contract drawings, shall be within 1\" of the true line and
shall not vary more than 1/2\" across any single joint of pipe, unless
otherwise shown on the contract drawings. Any sections of pipe found to
be defective, damaged or in poor alignment shall be taken up and relaid
or replaced at the Contractor\'s expense.

E. [Not less than 30 days]{.underline} after the installation and
backfilling of PVC sewers, including any service connections, the
Contractor shall, in the presence of the SDR, test deflection of the
pipe with a mandrel (GO-NOGO device). The mandrel shall be hand-pulled.
All pipe with deflections in excess of 5% of the base internal diameter,
as determined by ASTM D 3034, ASTM F 679, or ASTM F 794, shall be
excavated, rerounded, backfilled and retested after an additional period
of at least 30 days. Mandrels shall have 9 ribs and be only hand-pulled
through the test section. The Contractor shall furnish the mandrels. The
length of the minimum radius portion of the mandrel shall not be less
than one-third of the nominal diameter of the pipe tested. The pipe
shall be flushed and cleaned by the Contractor prior to testing. No flow
will be permitted in the pipe while testing for deflections.

1\. All expense for trenching, backfill, compaction, paving, and related
work that is required because of failure to meet deflection test
requirements shall be borne by the Contractor.

2\. Acceptance of plastic pipe sewers shall be made only after these
deflection test requirements have been met.

3\. Minimum Diameters of Mandrels:

Nominal Minimum

[Pipe Size]{.underline} [Mandrel Diameter]{.underline}

8\" 7.28\"

10\" 9.03\"

12\" 10.80\"

15\" 13.20\"

## 3.07 [TESTING FOR LEAKAGE]{.underline}

A. [All sanitary sewer pipes]{.underline} shall be tested for leakage by
the low pressure air method or other method submitted by the Contractor
and approved by the SDR. The Contractor, at his option, may air test the
sanitary sewer line before backfilling to aid the Contractor in checking
for any defects. The testing for acceptance and compliance with the
contract specifications will be performed after backfilling has been
completed. If the line does not meet or exceed the test requirements,
the Contractor shall make repairs to the line as necessary, and shall
retest the line at no additional cost to Sandia National Laboratories
(SNL). All manholes shall be tested separately.

> The procedure for conducting an air test shall be as follows:

1\. [Clean the pipe section]{.underline} (manhole to manhole reach of
sewer) being tested by propelling a snug-fitting inflated ball, or other
adequate method, through the pipe with water. It is important that the
pipe be thoroughly wetted if consistent results are to be expected.

2\. [Plug all pipe outlets]{.underline} with pneumatic plugs. The
pneumatic plugs shall be able to resist internal testing pressures
without requiring external bracing. Give special attention to laterals.

3\. [Introduce air]{.underline} slowly to the section of pipe under
evaluation until the internal air pressure is raised to 4.0 psig plus
any increase required by a high groundwater level.

4\. [Allow the air pressure to stabilize]{.underline}. Air may be added
slowly to maintain a pressure between 3.5 and 4.0 psig for two minutes.

5\. [After the stabilization period]{.underline}, when the pressure
reaches exactly 3.5 psig, the stopwatch is started, and when the
pressure reaches exactly 2.5 psig the stopwatch is stopped.

6\. [If the time required]{.underline} for a one pound pressure drop is
not less than the allowable time for the pipe section under test to lose
air, the section shall pass the leakage test.

7\. [All persons]{.underline} conducting an air test must be made aware
of the fact that an air test may be dangerous if improperly conducted.

8\. [Air Testing Table]{.underline}: Table 1 will be used to determine
the required test duration for the section of line being tested.

B. [Tables]{.underline}

1\. [Explanation of Tables]{.underline}

a\. Column A: Nominal diameter of pipe (any pipe material).

b\. Column B: Minimum duration of air test regardless of length of line
segment being tested. (e.g., 250 feet of 8\" PVC: test duration 3 min.
47 sec.)

c\. Column C: Length of line associated with minimum duration of air
test (Column B).

d\. Column D: L=Length of line in feet; product of computation yields
duration of air test (e.g., 250 feet of 12\" PVC where ground water is
not present (Table 1): test duration \-- 1.709 (250) = 427.25 sec. = 7
min. 8 sec.)

e\. Column E: Duration of air test for given incremental lengths of
line.

2\. [Use of Tables]{.underline}: Table 1 is based on an air loss rate of
0.003 cfm/sf of internal surface area. Use for line installations where
ground water and subsequent infiltration is not present. In the event
that ground water and infiltration is present, Table 2 shall be used.

TABLE 02730-1

[SPECIFICATION TIME REQUIRED FOR LOSS OF PRESSURE]{.underline}

[FROM 3.5 PSIG TO 2.5 FOR SIZE AND]{.underline}

[LENGTH OF PIPE INDICATED FOR 1=0.003]{.underline}

\(C\)

\(B\) Length

\(A\) Mini- for (E)

Pipe mum Mini- (D) Specification Time for Length (L) Shown (min:sec)

Diam- Time mum Time for

eter (Min: Time length

(in.) sec) (ft) (sec) 100 ft 150 ft 200 ft 250 ft 300 ft 350 ft 400 ft
450 ft

4 1:53 597 .190 L 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53

6 2:50 398 .427 L 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:51 3:12

8 3:47 298 .760 L 3:47 3:47 3:47 3:47 3:48 4:26 5:04 5:42

10 4:43 239 1.187 L 4:43 4:43 4:43 4:57 5:56 6:55 7:54 8:54

12 5:40 199 1.709 L 5:40 5:40 5:42 7:08 8:33 9:48 11:24 12:49

15 7:05 159 2.671 L 7:04 7:05 8:54 11:08 13:21 15:35 17:48 20:02

18 8:30 133 3.846 L 8:30 9:37 12:49 16:01 19:14 22:26 23:38 28:51

21 9:55 114 5.235 L 9:55 13:05 17:27 21:49 26:11 30:32 34:54 39:16

24 11:20 99 6.837 L 11:24 17:57 22:48 28:30 34:11 39:53 45:35 51:17

27 12:45 88 8.653 L 14:25 21:38 28:51 36:04 43:16 50:30 57:42 64:54

30 14:10 80 10.683 L 17:48 26:43 35:37 44:31 53:25 62:19 71:13 80:07

33 15:35 72 12.926 L 21:33 32:19 43:56 53:52 64:38 75:24 86:10 96:57

36 17:00 66 15.384 L 25:39 38:28 51:17 64:06 76:55 89:44 102:34 115:23

39 18:25 61 18.054 L 30:57 45:09 60:11 75:14 90:16 105.19 120:22 135:24

42 19:50 57 20.039 L 34:54 52:21 69:48 87:15 104:42 122:09 139:36 157:05

Table from: WPCF Journal, Vol. 44, No. 4, April 1972; Ramseier,
\"Testing New Sewer Pipe Installations\"; pp. 557-564.

TABLE 02730-2

[SPECIFICATION TIME REQUIRED FOR 1.0 PSIG PRESSURE]{.underline}

[DROP FOR SIZE AND LENGTH OF PIPE]{.underline}

[INDICATED FOR Q=0.0015]{.underline}

\(C\)

\(B\) Length

\(A\) Mini- for (E)

Pipe mum Mini- (D) Specification Time for Length (L) Shown (min:sec)

Diam- Time mum Time for

eter (Min: Time length

(in.) sec) (ft) (sec) 100 ft 150 ft 200 ft 250 ft 300 ft 350 ft 400 ft
450 ft

4 3:46 597 .380 L 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46

6 5:40 398 .854 L 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:42 6:24

8 7:34 298 1.520 L 7:34 7:34 7:34 7:34 7:36 8:52 10:08 11:24

10 9:26 239 2.374 L 9:26 9:26 9:26 9:53 11:52 13:51 15:49 17:48

12 11:20 199 3.418 L 11:20 11:20 11:24 14:15 17:05 19:56 22:47 25:38

15 14:10 159 5.342 L 14:10 14:10 17:48 22:15 26:42 31:09 35:36 40:04

18 17:00 133 7.692 L 17:00 19:13 25:38 32:03 38:27 44:52 51:16 57:41

21 19:50 114 10.470 L 19:50 26:10 34:54 43:37 52:21 61:00 69:48 78:31

24 22:40 99 13.674 L 22:47 34:11 45:34 56:58 68:22 79:46 91:10 102:33

27 25:30 88 17.306 L 28:51 43:16 57:41 72:07 86:32 100:57 115:22 129:48

30 28:20 80 21.366 L 35:37 53:25 71:13 89:02 106:50 124:38 142:26 160:15

33 31:10 72 25.852 L 43:05 64:38 86:10 107:43 129:16 150:43 172:21
193:53

36 34:00 66 30.768 L 51:17 76:55 102.34 128:12 153:50 179:29 205:07
230:46

Table from: UNI-B-6-79, \*Recommended Practice for Low-Pressure Air
Testing of Installed Sewer Pipe\"; Uni-Bell Plastic Pipe Assoc.