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Target Technology Standards

Deliverable #8

*Submitted On July 30^th^ 2004*

*To:*

Office of Management and Budget\
New Executive Office Building\
725 17^th^ Street, NW\
Washington, DC 20503

*On behalf of:*

Financial Management

Line of Business Taskforce

Enterprise Architecture Working Group (EAWG**)**

**Version History**

  ----------------------------- ------------- ---------------------------
  **Description**               **Date**      **Name**

  Initial draft                 July 16, 2004 FM LOB EAWG Deliverable #8
                                              Target Technology Standards
                                              Submitted Draft.doc

  Final                         July 30, 2004 FM LOB EAWG Deliverable #8
                                              Target Technology Standards
                                              Final.doc
  ----------------------------- ------------- ---------------------------

**Table of Contents**

[i. Target Architecture Target Technology Standards Deliverable
Traceability Matrix
2](#target-architecture-target-technology-standards-deliverable-traceability-matrix)

[1. Introduction 2](#introduction)

[2. Target Technology Standards 2](#target-technology-standards)

[2.1. Architecture-Specific Technology Standards
2](#architecture-specific-technology-standards)

[2.2. Component-Specific Technology Standards
2](#component-specific-technology-standards)

[3. Conclusion 2](#conclusion)

#   {#section .unnumbered}

# Target Architecture Target Technology Standards Deliverable Traceability Matrix

+---+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+
|   | > **LoB Target Architecture     | **Relevant section of this      |
|   | > Technology Standards          | document**                      |
|   | > Deliverable Requirements**    |                                 |
+---+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| 1 | Each target architecture is     | This requirement is addressed   |
| \ | required to use the standards   | in sections 2.1 and section     |
| . | (third layer) of the FEA TRM.   | 2.2.                            |
+---+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| 2 | Two levels of analysis are      | This requirement is addressed   |
| \ | required:                       | in                              |
| . |                                 |                                 |
|   | Architecture wide: Standards    | Sections 2.1, 2.2.              |
|   | that are used to enable the     |                                 |
|   | target architecture as a whole  |                                 |
|   | (include hosting, network,      |                                 |
|   | etc.); identification of common |                                 |
|   | solutions that will make use of |                                 |
|   | these standards; and associated |                                 |
|   | rationale                       |                                 |
|   |                                 |                                 |
|   | Component: Specific technology  |                                 |
|   | standards that are used to      |                                 |
|   | support specific components and |                                 |
|   | an associated rationale (please |                                 |
|   | identify components that are    |                                 |
|   | re-used across the target       |                                 |
|   | architecture)                   |                                 |
+---+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+

# Introduction

> The success of the President's Management Agenda (PMA) depends upon
> agencies working across traditional boundaries to better serve the
> American people by focusing on citizen-centered, results-oriented, and
> market-based initiatives. Pursuant to the PMA, the Office of
> Management and Budget (OMB) created the Line of Business (LOB)
> initiative addressing redundant information technology (IT)
> investments and business process across the Federal Government. The
> LOB task forces and OMB are developing a business-driven common
> solution and target architecture. The LOB initiatives afford agencies
> an unprecedented opportunity to influence the direction of specific
> core business functions government-wide. The vision of the Financial
> Management (FM) LOB is to establish the framework for a
> government-wide financial management solution that is efficient and
> improves business performance while ensuring integrity in
> accountability, financial controls and mission effectiveness.
>
> The Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) is a business and
> performance-based framework supporting cross-agency collaboration,
> transformation, and government-wide improvement. It provides a new way
> of describing, analyzing, and improving the ability of the Federal
> Government to serve the citizen. Underpinning accomplishment of the FM
> LOB goals is the development of an enterprise architecture using the
> FEA taxonomy to describe the FM target architecture in a consistent
> manner while providing sufficient details within the architectural
> deliverables so that agencies can begin transition planning and
> analysis in support of the common solution.

# Target Technology Standards

> This document, addressing Target Technology Standards for the
> Financial Management Line of Business, identifies the technology
> standards and business components that support the Technology
> Reference Model (TRM) of the FEA. Included are technology standards
> that are applicable to the FM LOB and technologies that support the
> delivery and exchange of business and application components (service
> components) that can be used and leveraged in a component-based,
> service-oriented architecture (SOA). The TRM for FM LOB will
> potentially consolidate existing Federal and e-Gov guidance to foster
> reuse of technologies and component services across government.

## Architecture-Specific Technology Standards

> Table 1 lists the FEA Service Areas, Categories, Standards, and
> Specifications applicable to the FM LOB and provides a brief rationale
> for each. The list was derived from responses to the FM LOB Request
> for Information (RFI) and supplemented with information provided in
> agency Exhibit 300 submissions for FM applications. For an information
> technology (IT) investment of this scope, most, if not all of the FEA
> standards and specifications are applicable. To the greatest degree
> possible these standards and specifications should be leveraged across
> all of the LOBs as well as all of the e-Gov initiatives. There are few
> IT specifications that are specific to any LOB. Reuse of IT components
> across LOBs is of the essence.
>
> **Table 1:** **Technical Reference Model Service Standards,
> Specifications, and Rationale**

+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
| Service | Service  | Service  | Service       | Rationale           |
| Area    | Category | Standard | Specification |                     |
+=========+==========+==========+===============+=====================+
| Service | Access   | Web      | Netscape      | Netscape is the     |
| access  | channels | browser  | Navigator     | second most widely  |
| and     |          |          |               | used World Wide Web |
| d       |          |          |               | browser.            |
| elivery |          |          |               |                     |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Internet      | IE is the most      |
|         |          |          | Explorer (IE) | widely used World   |
|         |          |          |               | Wide Web browser.   |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Others        | Any XML-enabled     |
|         |          |          |               | browser should be   |
|         |          |          |               | supported.          |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Other    | System to     | Provides exchange   |
|         |          | el       | System        | of data or          |
|         |          | ectronic |               | interaction without |
|         |          | channels |               | human interaction.  |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Uniform       | Provides the global |
|         |          |          | Resource      | address of          |
|         |          |          | Locator       | documents and other |
|         |          |          |               | resources on the    |
|         |          |          |               | Web.                |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Colla    | Facsimile     | Many financial      |
|         |          | boration | (Fax)         | documents are still |
|         |          | Commun   |               | paper-based.        |
|         |          | ications |               |                     |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         | Delivery | Delivery | Internet      | The ability to      |
|         | channels | channels |               | provide information |
|         |          |          |               | on the internet.    |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Intranet      | The ability to      |
|         |          |          |               | provide information |
|         |          |          |               | on a private        |
|         |          |          |               | network within an   |
|         |          |          |               | enterprise.         |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Extranet      | The ability to      |
|         |          |          |               | provide information |
|         |          |          |               | to the public.      |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         | Service  | Leg      | Section 508   | Required to meet    |
|         | requ     | islative |               | the government 508  |
|         | irements | /        |               | requirements.       |
|         |          | co       |               |                     |
|         |          | mpliance |               |                     |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Security      | Security is of the  |
|         |          |          |               | essence for many    |
|         |          |          |               | financial records.  |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Privacy:      | Privacy is          |
|         |          |          | Liberty       | important for some  |
|         |          |          | Alliance      | financial data.     |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Hosting  | Internal      | The ability to host |
|         |          |          | (Within       | the application     |
|         |          |          | agency)       | within the          |
|         |          |          |               | enterprise.         |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         | Service  | Su       | Internet      | IMAP allows remote  |
|         | t        | pporting | message       | client/server       |
|         | ransport | network  | access        | capabilities        |
|         |          | services | protocol /    | between the client  |
|         |          |          | Post office   | and the mail server |
|         |          |          | protocol      | and provides        |
|         |          |          | (IMAP / POP3) | greater capability  |
|         |          |          |               | than Post Office    |
|         |          |          |               | Protocol (POP) 3.   |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Multipurpose  | IMAP allows remote  |
|         |          |          | Internet mail | client/server       |
|         |          |          | extensions    | capabilities        |
|         |          |          | (MIME)        | between the mail    |
|         |          |          |               | client and mail     |
|         |          |          |               | server, and         |
|         |          |          |               | provides greater    |
|         |          |          |               | capability than     |
|         |          |          |               | Post Office         |
|         |          |          |               | Protocol (POP) 3.   |
|         |          |          |               | The major Email     |
|         |          |          |               | server vendors      |
|         |          |          |               | support IMAP.       |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Secure        | Increase security   |
|         |          |          | multipurpose  | for messages sent   |
|         |          |          | Internet mail | into domain that    |
|         |          |          | extensions (S | MIME doesn't        |
|         |          |          | / MIME)       | support.            |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Simple mail   | Almost all          |
|         |          |          | transfer      | communications      |
|         |          |          | protocol      | product suppliers   |
|         |          |          | (SMTP)        | support SMTP. It is |
|         |          |          |               | necessary for       |
|         |          |          |               | Internet email.     |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Lightweight   | LDAP is             |
|         |          |          | directory     | vendor-independent  |
|         |          |          | access        | and supports multi  |
|         |          |          | protocol      | vendor              |
|         |          |          | (LDAP)        | interoperability in |
|         |          |          |               | the same fashion as |
|         |          |          |               | TCP/IP, SMTP,       |
|         |          |          |               | Domain Name Space   |
|         |          |          |               | (DNS), and others.  |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Su       | Directory     | The ability to      |
|         |          | pporting | Services      | discover and        |
|         |          | network  | (X.500)       | identify resources  |
|         |          | services |               | on a network and    |
|         |          |          |               | make them           |
|         |          |          |               | accessible to users |
|         |          |          |               | and applications.   |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Service  | Wireless      | WAP enables web     |
|         |          | t        | application   | content to be       |
|         |          | ransport | protocol      | presented on        |
|         |          |          | (WAP)         | wireless devices.   |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Transport     | Provides transport  |
|         |          |          | control       | functions, which    |
|         |          |          | protocol      | ensures that the    |
|         |          |          | (TCP)         | total amount of     |
|         |          |          |               | bytes sent is       |
|         |          |          |               | received correctly  |
|         |          |          |               | at the destination. |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Internet      | The global standard |
|         |          |          | protocol (IP) | for communications. |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | IP security   | Provides secure IP  |
|         |          |          | (IPSEC)       | packet exchange.    |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Hyper Text    | The protocol of the |
|         |          |          | Transfer      | Web.                |
|         |          |          | Protocol      |                     |
|         |          |          | (HTTP)        |                     |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
| Service | Su       | Platform | Java 2        | J2EE and .Net are   |
| p       | pporting | ind      | Enterprise    | the two dominant    |
| latform | p        | ependent | Edition       | distributed         |
| and     | latforms |          | (J2EE)        | computing           |
| infrast |          |          |               | architecture        |
| ructure |          |          |               | frameworks.         |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Platform | Windows       | Various versions of |
|         |          | d        |               | Windows should be   |
|         |          | ependent |               | supported.          |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Platform | Windows .NET  | .Net supports a     |
|         |          | d        |               | wide range of       |
|         |          | ependent |               | languages.          |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         | Database | Database | SQL           | All of the SQL      |
|         | /        |          |               | compliant           |
|         | storage  |          |               | relational          |
|         |          |          |               | databases should be |
|         |          |          |               | supported.          |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | XQuery        | The emerging class  |
|         |          |          |               | of native XML       |
|         |          |          |               | databases should    |
|         |          |          |               | also be supported.  |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Storage  | Net           | Provides extended   |
|         |          |          | work-attached | storage             |
|         |          |          | storage (NAS) | capabilities for    |
|         |          |          |               | file sharing.       |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Storage Area  | High-speed subnet   |
|         |          |          | Network (SAN) | of shared storage   |
|         |          |          |               | devices.            |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         | Hardware | Servers  | Mainframe     | Large-scale hosted  |
|         |          | /        |               | applications will   |
|         |          | C        |               | require mainframe   |
|         |          | omputers |               | computing power.    |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Embedded | Hard Disk     | Magnetic storage    |
|         |          | Te       | Drive         | will be required    |
|         |          | chnology |               | both on the hosts   |
|         |          | Devices  |               | as well as the      |
|         |          |          |               | clients.            |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Per      | Printer       | Many financial      |
|         |          | ipherals |               | documents will need |
|         |          |          |               | to be printed.      |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Wide     | Asynchronous  | Widely used         |
|         |          | Area     | Transfer Mode | protocol for WANs.  |
|         |          | Network  | (ATM)         |                     |
|         |          | (WAN)    |               |                     |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Local    | Ethernet      | Widely used         |
|         |          | Area     |               | protocol for LANs.  |
|         |          | Network  |               |                     |
|         |          | (LAN)    |               |                     |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Network  | Digital       | Widely used         |
|         |          | Devices  | Subscriber    | standard for        |
|         |          | /        | Line (DSL)    | relatively          |
|         |          | S        |               | high-speed access   |
|         |          | tandards |               | via the Web.        |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
| Co      | Security | Cert     | Secure        | SSL is an integral  |
| mponent |          | ificates | Sockets Layer | part of each        |
| fr      |          | /        | (SSL)         | Netscape browser.   |
| amework |          | Digital  |               | If a Website is on  |
|         |          | s        |               | a Netscape server,  |
|         |          | ignature |               | SSL can be enabled  |
|         |          |          |               | and specific Web    |
|         |          |          |               | pages can be        |
|         |          |          |               | identified as       |
|         |          |          |               | requiring SSL       |
|         |          |          |               | access.             |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Digital       | Digital             |
|         |          |          | Certificate   | certificates are    |
|         |          |          | A             | required to provide |
|         |          |          | uthentication | for authentication  |
|         |          |          |               | and                 |
|         |          |          |               | non-repudiation.    |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Su       | Transport     | TLS is an integral  |
|         |          | pporting | layer         | part of each        |
|         |          | security | security      | Netscape browser.   |
|         |          | services | (TLS)         | If a Website is on  |
|         |          |          |               | a Netscape server,  |
|         |          |          |               | SSL can be enabled  |
|         |          |          |               | and specific Web    |
|         |          |          |               | pages can be        |
|         |          |          |               | identified as       |
|         |          |          |               | requiring TLS       |
|         |          |          |               | access.             |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | WS-Security   | Describes           |
|         |          |          |               | enhancements to     |
|         |          |          |               | SOAP messaging to   |
|         |          |          |               | provide message     |
|         |          |          |               | integrity, message  |
|         |          |          |               | confidentiality and |
|         |          |          |               | single message      |
|         |          |          |               | authentication.     |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Security      | XML framework for   |
|         |          |          | Assurance     | exchanging          |
|         |          |          | Markup        | authentication and  |
|         |          |          | Language      | authorization       |
|         |          |          | (SAML)        | information.        |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         | Pres     | Dynamic/ | Java Server   | JSP is part of      |
|         | entation | Ser      | Pages (JSP)   | Sun's J2EE          |
|         | /        | ver-Side |               | architecture and    |
|         | I        | Display  |               | provide template    |
|         | nterface |          |               | capabilities.       |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Active Server | A web server        |
|         |          |          | Pages.Net     | technology from     |
|         |          |          |               | Microsoft that      |
|         |          |          |               | allows for the      |
|         |          |          |               | creation of         |
|         |          |          |               | dynamic,            |
|         |          |          |               | interactive         |
|         |          |          |               | sessions with the   |
|         |          |          |               | user.               |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Content  | Cascading     | CCS is the emergent |
|         |          | r        | style sheets  | standard for web    |
|         |          | endering | (CSS)         | browsers.           |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Dynamic HTML  | DHTML is used to    |
|         |          |          | (DHTML)       | render dynamic      |
|         |          |          |               | pages on the Web.   |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Wireless      | WML is used to      |
|         |          |          | Markup        | enable transmission |
|         |          |          | Language      | of XML formatted    |
|         |          |          | (WML)         | data to wireless    |
|         |          |          |               | devices.            |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         | Business | Platform | Java 2        | J2EE and .Net are   |
|         | logic    | ind      | platform      | the two dominant    |
|         |          | ependent | enterprise    | distributed         |
|         |          |          | edition       | computing           |
|         |          |          | (J2EE)        | architecture        |
|         |          |          |               | frameworks.         |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Platform | JavaScript    | Many Web pages      |
|         |          | ind      |               | employ JavaScript   |
|         |          | ependent |               | for easy script     |
|         |          |          |               | use.                |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         | Data     | Data     | Enterprise    | Allows the movement |
|         | int      | exchange | Application   | and exchange of     |
|         | erchange |          | Integration   | information between |
|         |          |          | (EAI)         | different           |
|         |          |          |               | applications and    |
|         |          |          |               | business processes  |
|         |          |          |               | within and between  |
|         |          |          |               | organizations.      |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Electronic    | Emerging XML-based  |
|         |          |          | Business      | standard for        |
|         |          |          | using XML     | business.           |
|         |          |          | (ebXML)       |                     |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Simple Object | SOAP is a           |
|         |          |          | Access        | lightweight         |
|         |          |          | Protocol      | protocol intended   |
|         |          |          | (SOAP)        | for exchanging      |
|         |          |          |               | structured          |
|         |          |          |               | information in a    |
|         |          |          |               | decentralized,      |
|         |          |          |               | distributed         |
|         |          |          |               | environment.        |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Open          | OFX is a            |
|         |          |          | Financial     | specification for   |
|         |          |          | Interchange   | the electronic      |
|         |          |          | (OFX)         | exchange of         |
|         |          |          |               | financial data      |
|         |          |          |               | between financial   |
|         |          |          |               | institutions,       |
|         |          |          |               | business and        |
|         |          |          |               | consumers via the   |
|         |          |          |               | Internet.           |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Interactive   | IFX is an           |
|         |          |          | Financial     | XML-based,          |
|         |          |          | Interchange   | financial messaging |
|         |          |          | (IFX)         | protocol.           |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Universal     | UBL is an emerging  |
|         |          |          | Business      | standard library of |
|         |          |          | Language      | XML business        |
|         |          |          | (UBL)         | documents.          |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | RosettaNet    | RosettaNet is a set |
|         |          |          |               | of industry-wide,   |
|         |          |          |               | open e-business     |
|         |          |          |               | process standards   |
|         |          |          |               | forming a common    |
|         |          |          |               | e-business          |
|         |          |          |               | language, aligning  |
|         |          |          |               | processes between   |
|         |          |          |               | supply chain        |
|         |          |          |               | partners on a       |
|         |          |          |               | global basis.       |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         | Data     | Database | Java database | Java itself runs on |
|         | ma       | conn     | connectivity  | most platforms.     |
|         | nagement | ectivity | (JDBC)        | JDBC makes it       |
|         |          |          |               | possible to write a |
|         |          |          |               | single database     |
|         |          |          |               | application that    |
|         |          |          |               | can run on          |
|         |          |          |               | different platforms |
|         |          |          |               | and interact with   |
|         |          |          |               | different DBMSs.    |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Database      | Connectors should   |
|         |          |          | Connectors    | be provided for all |
|         |          |          |               | major databases, on |
|         |          |          |               | an as-needed basis. |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Java data     | Provides a unified, |
|         |          |          | object (JDO)  | standard            |
|         |          |          |               | persistence         |
|         |          |          |               | interface supported |
|         |          |          |               | by multiple vendors |
|         |          |          |               | delivering          |
|         |          |          |               | competing           |
|         |          |          |               | implementations.    |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Open database | Provides desktop    |
|         |          |          | connectivity  | application access  |
|         |          |          | (ODBC)        | to multi-tier RDBMS |
|         |          |          |               | engines with        |
|         |          |          |               | reduced API coding. |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Active Data   | Makes it possible   |
|         |          |          | Objects.net   | to write a single   |
|         |          |          | (ADO.NET)     | query that can be   |
|         |          |          |               | run by different    |
|         |          |          |               | programs and        |
|         |          |          |               | interact with       |
|         |          |          |               | different DBMSs.    |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | R        | Online        | Provide a common    |
|         |          | eporting | Analytical    | language for        |
|         |          | and      | Processing    | Windows             |
|         |          | analysis | (OLAP)        | applications to     |
|         |          |          |               | access databases on |
|         |          |          |               | a network.          |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Java Online   | Provide a common,   |
|         |          |          | Analytical    | nonproprietary      |
|         |          |          | Processing    | language for access |
|         |          |          | (JOLAP)       | to databases on a   |
|         |          |          |               | network.            |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | XML for       | Provide a           |
|         |          |          | Analysis      | nonproprietary      |
|         |          |          |               | vocabulary for data |
|         |          |          |               | analyses.           |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | eXtensible    | Nonproprietary,     |
|         |          |          | Business      | XML-based           |
|         |          |          | Reporting     | vocabulary for      |
|         |          |          | Language      | financial business  |
|         |          |          | (XBRL)        | reporting.          |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
| Service | Interope | Mi       | Message       | Provides a          |
| in      | rability | ddleware | Oriented      | client/server       |
| terface |          |          | Middleware    | <h                  |
| and     |          |          | (MOM)         | ttp://www.sei.cmu.e |
| inte    |          |          |               | du/str/descriptions |
| gration |          |          |               | /clientserver.html> |
|         |          |          |               | infrastructure that |
|         |          |          |               | increases the       |
|         |          |          |               | interoperability,   |
|         |          |          |               | portability, and    |
|         |          |          |               | flexibility of an   |
|         |          |          |               | application by      |
|         |          |          |               | allowing the        |
|         |          |          |               | application to be   |
|         |          |          |               | distributed over    |
|         |          |          |               | multiple            |
|         |          |          |               | heterogeneous       |
|         |          |          |               | platforms.          |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Data     | XML schema    | Is the standard     |
|         |          | format / |               | format for web      |
|         |          | classi   |               | data, and is        |
|         |          | fication |               | beginning to be     |
|         |          |          |               | used as a common    |
|         |          |          |               | data format at all  |
|         |          |          |               | levels of the       |
|         |          |          |               | architecture.       |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Namespaces    | Required in some    |
|         |          |          |               | form to avoid       |
|         |          |          |               | "collisions" when   |
|         |          |          |               | the same terms are  |
|         |          |          |               | used with different |
|         |          |          |               | meanings in         |
|         |          |          |               | different data      |
|         |          |          |               | domains.            |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Electronic    | EDI will continue   |
|         |          |          | Data          | to be used in some  |
|         |          |          | Interchange   | sectors for the     |
|         |          |          | (EDI)         | foreseeable future  |
|         |          |          |               | and must be         |
|         |          |          |               | supported.          |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Data     | Document Type | DTDs are suitable   |
|         |          | Types /  | Definition    | for documents that  |
|         |          | Va       | (DTD)         | are not highly      |
|         |          | lidation |               | structured in the   |
|         |          |          |               | sense of using      |
|         |          |          |               | strong data typing. |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Data     | eXtensible    | XSLT is a W3C       |
|         |          | Transf   | Sylesheet     | standard for        |
|         |          | ormation | Language      | transformation of   |
|         |          |          | T             | data.               |
|         |          |          | ransformation |                     |
|         |          |          | (XSLT)        |                     |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         | I        | Service  | Universal     | Provides a          |
|         | nterface | d        | description   | searchable registry |
|         |          | iscovery | discovery and | of XML web services |
|         |          |          | integration   | and their           |
|         |          |          | (UDDI)        | associated URLs and |
|         |          |          |               | WSDL pages.         |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Service  | Web Services  | Is an XML based     |
|         |          | Desc     | Description   | interface           |
|         |          | ription/ | Language      | description         |
|         |          |          | (WSDL)        | language for        |
|         |          | I        |               | describing XML Web  |
|         |          | nterface |               | Services and how to |
|         |          |          |               | use them.           |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | Mi       | Database      | iSQL-Viewer is an   |
|         |          | ddleware | Access: ISQL  | open-source JDBC    |
|         |          |          |               | 2.x compliant       |
|         |          |          |               | database front end  |
|         |          |          |               | written in Java.    |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Business      | Enables federation  |
|         |          |          | Process       | of business         |
|         |          |          | Execution     | processes across    |
|         |          |          | Language      | distributed         |
|         |          |          | (BPEL)        | platforms.          |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Web Services  | An extensible       |
|         |          |          | Coordination  | framework for       |
|         |          |          | (WS-          | providing protocols |
|         |          |          | Coordination) | that coordinate the |
|         |          |          |               | actions of          |
|         |          |          |               | distributed         |
|         |          |          |               | applications.       |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          |          | Web Services  | Describes two       |
|         |          |          | Transactions  | coordination types  |
|         |          |          | (WS-          | \-- Atomic          |
|         |          |          | Transactions) | Transaction (AT)    |
|         |          |          |               | and Business        |
|         |          |          |               | Activity (BA) \--   |
|         |          |          |               | that are used with  |
|         |          |          |               | the extensible      |
|         |          |          |               | coordination        |
|         |          |          |               | framework described |
|         |          |          |               | in the              |
|         |          |          |               | WS-Coordination     |
|         |          |          |               | specification.      |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+
|         |          | En       | Application   | EAI components will |
|         |          | terprise | Connectivity  | be required to      |
|         |          | App      |               | share data between  |
|         |          | lication |               | the "as is" and "to |
|         |          | Int      |               | be" components,     |
|         |          | egration |               | both as a           |
|         |          |          |               | m                   |
|         |          |          |               | igration/conversion |
|         |          |          |               | strategy as well as |
|         |          |          |               | on a longer-term    |
|         |          |          |               | basis, when the FM  |
|         |          |          |               | LOB solution itself |
|         |          |          |               | becomes a "legacy"  |
|         |          |          |               | application.        |
+---------+----------+----------+---------------+---------------------+

## Component-Specific Technology Standards

> Two other technical standards that warrant consideration for use by
> the FM LOB as well as all other LOBs include WebDAV and XForms.
>
> WebDAV is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard for Web
> Distributed Authoring and Versioning. It is a set of extensions to the
> HTTP protocol that allow users to collaboratively edit and manage
> files on remote Web servers. It has been widely implemented in
> commercial applications, some of which are listed at
> <http://www.webdav.org/projects/#commercial> Additional information on
> WebDAV is available at <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2518.txt>,
> <http://www.ics.uci.edu/~ejw/authoring/>, and <http://www.webdav.org/>
>
> XForms is a recommendation of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). It
> is an XML application that represents the next generation of forms for
> the Web. Among the key design goals for XForms are: a richer user
> interface to meet the needs of business, consumer and device control
> applications; advanced forms logic; and seamless integration with
> other XML tag sets. The XForms specification is available at
> <http://www.w3.org/TR/xforms/> It has also been widely implemented in
> commercial applications, many of which are listed at
> <http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Forms/#implementations> Additional
> information on XForms is available at
> <http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Forms/>
>
> Besides the ability to fill out and submit forms and to
> collaboratively author documents on the Web, another set technical
> requirements applicable not only to the FM LOB but to all LOBs relates
> to records management. The international standard for records
> management is ISO 15489, which outlines the four attributes of a
> record \-- integrity, reliability, authenticity, and usability. The
> purpose of all IT systems is to create records having sufficient
> degrees of those attributes, consistent with the requirements of the
> business process, including the need to be able to efficiently and
> effectively audit data maintained in databases. Additional information
> on ISO 15489 is available at
> <http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/commcentre/pressreleases/2002/Ref814.html>
>
> The U.S. federal government's standard for records management is DoD
> Std. 5015.2. Although the standard was specified by the Department of
> Defense (DoD), it has been endorsed for government-wide use by the
> National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). NARA's bulletin
> endorsing the standard is available at
> <http://www.archives.gov/records_management/policy_and_guidance/bulletin_2003_03.html>
> DoD tests and certifies commercial products for compliance with the
> standard. A listing of applications that have been certified is
> available at <http://jitc.fhu.disa.mil/recmgt/register.htm> Additional
> information on the 5015.2 standard is available at
> <http://jitc.fhu.disa.mil/recmgt/>
>
> With reference to records management, two other specifications that
> warrant consideration are the emerging PDF Archive (PDF-A) standard
> and Extensible Forms Description Language (XFDL).
>
> Under leadership of the U.S. Courts and with the active support of the
> Government Accountability Office (GAO) and other agencies, the
> Association for Information and Image Management (AIIM) is shepherding
> PDF-A toward establishment as an ISO standard for archival records.
> Although archives are commonly viewed as dusty repositories of
> documents that are seldom, if ever used, the U.S. Courts, GAO, and
> other enlightened agencies are beginning to understand the vital
> business connection between electronic records whose integrity is
> inviolate versus data that is subject to manipulation in databases.
> Additional information on PDF-A is available at
> <http://www.aiim.org/pdf_a/>
>
> XFDL has been proposed for establishment as a W3C recommendation for
> legally sufficient "transaction records" (forms). The W3C's note on
> XFDL is available at <http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/NOTE-XFDL-19980902>
> Although software vendors have been slow to recognize the need to
> ensure that transaction records have all four of the attributes
> outlined in ISO 15489, agencies like the Securities and Exchange
> Commission (SEC) and the U.S. Air Force (USAF) have placed priority on
> the requirements specified in
>
> XFDL in the selection of their forms automation components. To the
> degree that records are maintained in inviolate, nonproprietary, valid
> XML format in DoD-certified electronic records management systems
> (ERMSs) throughout their full life-cycles, the process of auditing
> transactional data in databases can largely be automated.
>
> With respect to the audit function, it is no stretch of logic to
> suggest that IT systems which are not designed to *facilitate*
> record-keeping and auditing are, in effect, *enabling* waste, fraud,
> and abuse. Too many examples are documented in the news media every
> day to ignore the shortcomings of "business as usual" with respect to
> IT investments. By their very nature, financial records are often
> highly sensitive and require high degrees of protection to ensure they
> have the attributes outlined in ISO 15489. At the very least, IT
> systems that do not make it easy to conduct audits are making it more
> difficult and expensive than necessary to protect the rights and
> interests of citizens as well as government officials.
>
> In an annual poll conducted by the Council for Excellence in
> Government, on three successive years the largest benefit of
> electronic government cited by members of the public is greater
> accountability of government official.
> <http://www.excelgov.org/displayContent.asp?NewsItemID=3399&Keyword=mReleases>
> However, greater accountability will not occur unless and until IT
> systems and business record-keeping practices are designed and
> implemented to support it. The components of those systems and
> practices are especially important in the FM LOB and the FM LOB should
> exert strong and effective leadership in implementing them. However,
> to greater or lesser degrees, the very same requirements apply to all
> LOBs. Indeed, record-keeping is a distinguishing factor for business
> versus purely social activities.
>
> The Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 70, *Service
> Organizations,* is an internationally recognized auditing standard
> developed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
> (AICPA). Its intent is to document that a service organization has
> been through an in-depth audit of their control activities, which
> generally include controls over information technology and related
> processes. Additional information on SAS 70 is available at
> [http://www.sas70.com/about.htm#about%20100](http://www.sas70.com/about.htm#about 100)
> Some have questioned the value of SAS 70 audits. See, for example,
> <http://www.systemexperts.com/tutors/sas70.pdf> However, since the
> standard has been specified by AICPA and auditability is of particular
> importance with respect to financial records and IT systems, SAS 70
> appears to warrant serious consideration for application to the FM LOB
> centers of excellence.
>
> Table 2 contains a listing of the FM LOB Target Business Processes
> mapped to the FEA Service Component Reference Model (SRM). A number of
> technical standards have been identified that may be applicable to the
> FM service components, and Web references have been provided for each
> of them. However, it will be necessary for subject matter experts
> (SMEs) to identify and provide rationales for the standards pertinent
> specifically to FM. This listing is by no means comprehensive or
> authoritative. At best, it should be taken as a starting point for
> further consideration by the SMEs. Establishing service standards is
> not something that can be done by a centralized bureaucracy acting in
> isolation from front-line workers. Modern management practice dictates
> not only that those workers be supportive of performance goals and
> objectives but also that they be actively engaged in establishing
> those standards. Moreover, the scope and scale of the FM LOB is such
> that no single individual or group can possibly acquire and retain
> sufficient knowledge and expertise to do justice to these standards. A
> truly collaborative effort will be required.
>
> **Table 2:** **Target Business Processes, SRM Components, and
> Technical Standards**

+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| **Target      | **SRM    | **Technical   | **Rationale**            |
| Business      | Com      | Standard**    |                          |
| Process**     | ponent** |               |                          |
+===============+==========+===============+==========================+
| GL - Manage   | Data     | ISO/IEC 11179 | ISO/IEC 11179 is the     |
| GL            | Int      |               | international standard   |
| Transaction   | egration | IDEF1x        | for the specification    |
|               |          |               | and standardization of   |
|               |          | OMB           | data elements.           |
|               |          | Information   | <http://pu               |
|               |          | Quality       | eblo.lbl.gov/~olken/X3L8 |
|               |          | Guidelines    | /drafts/draft.docs.html> |
|               |          | <http         |                          |
|               |          | ://www.whiteh | IDEF1X is a method for   |
|               |          | ouse.gov/omb/ | designing relational     |
|               |          | inforeg/agenc | databases with a syntax  |
|               |          | y_info_qualit | designed to support the  |
|               |          | y_links.html> | semantic constructs      |
|               |          |               | necessary in developing  |
|               |          |               | a conceptual schema.     |
|               |          |               | <http://w                |
|               |          |               | ww.idef.com/idef1x.html> |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          |               | Metamatrix provides an   |
|               |          |               | instructive, albeit      |
|               |          |               | proprietary, overview of |
|               |          |               | Enterprise Information   |
|               |          |               | Integration (EII) at     |
|               |          |               | <http://www.dmreview.co  |
|               |          |               | m/whitepaper/wid339.pdf> |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          |               | Informatica provides a   |
|               |          |               | similarly proprietary    |
|               |          |               | overview of Universal    |
|               |          |               | Data Services (UDS) at   |
|               |          |               | <ht                      |
|               |          |               | tp://www.informatica.com |
|               |          |               | /products/architecture/u |
|               |          |               | ds_technote_0422904.pdf> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| CM - Define   | Instrum  |               | IEEE standards on        |
| Model         | entation |               | instrumentation and      |
|               | and      |               | measurement are listed   |
|               | Testing  |               | at                       |
|               |          |               | <http://standards.ieee.o |
|               |          |               | rg/catalog/olis/im.html> |
|               |          |               | However, few, if any of  |
|               |          |               | them are directly        |
|               |          |               | applicable to the FM     |
|               |          |               | LOB.                     |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| GL - Manage   | Billing  |               | AICPA's Accounting       |
| GL            | and      |               | Standards page is at     |
| Transaction\  | Ac       |               | <http://www.aicpa.o      |
| PM - Manage   | counting |               | rg/members/div/acctstd/> |
| Payment\      |          |               |                          |
| RM - Manage   |          |               | The Financial Accounting |
| Receivable\   |          |               | Standards Board's        |
| RM - Manage   |          |               | technical inquiry        |
| Collection\   |          |               | service is at            |
| RM - Manage   |          |               | <http:                   |
| Treasury      |          |               | //www.fasb.org/inquiry/> |
| Execution     |          |               | However, any standards   |
|               |          |               | they may have issued are |
|               |          |               | not self-evident.        |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          |               | ACORD is fostering       |
|               |          |               | billing standards in the |
|               |          |               | insurance industry, but  |
|               |          |               | those standards may or   |
|               |          |               | may not be reusable in   |
|               |          |               | the FM LOB.              |
|               |          |               | <http://www.acord.org    |
|               |          |               | /Standards/pdfs/AIG.pdf> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| PM - Manage   | Credit / | Fair Credit   | The U.S. Chamber of      |
| Payment\      | Charge   | Reporting Act | Commerce addresses       |
| RM - Manage   |          | (FCRA)        | national credit          |
| Collection    |          |               | standards at             |
|               |          |               | <http://www.u            |
|               |          |               | schamber.com/government/ |
|               |          |               | issues/econtax/fcra.htm> |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          |               | The Credit Standards     |
|               |          |               | Advisory Committee is    |
|               |          |               | summarized at            |
|               |          |               | <http://ww               |
|               |          |               | w.docloan.com/loans/loan |
|               |          |               | _terms/Credit-Standards- |
|               |          |               | Advisory-Committee-Csac> |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          |               | The term "credit         |
|               |          |               | standards" is defined at |
|               |          |               | <h                       |
|               |          |               | ttp://www.moneyglossary. |
|               |          |               | com/?w=Credit+Standards> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| PM - Manage   | Debt     |               | A discussion of          |
| Payment\      | Co       |               | standards for debt       |
| RM - Manage   | llection |               | collection under the     |
| Treasury      |          |               | Fair Debt Collection     |
| Execution\    |          |               | Practices Act (FDCPA) is |
| RM - Manage   |          |               | at                       |
| Collection\   |          |               | <http://www.lect         |
| RM - Manage   |          |               | law.com/files/ban07.htm> |
| Receivable    |          |               |                          |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| RPT -         | F        | Extensible    | XBRL is a language for   |
| Generate      | inancial | Business      | the electronic           |
| Financial     | R        | Reporting     | communication of         |
| Statement     | eporting | Language      | business and financial   |
|               |          | (XBRL)        | data that aims to        |
|               |          |               | revolutionize business   |
|               |          | IASB          | reporting around the     |
|               |          | International | world.                   |
|               |          | Financial     | <ht                      |
|               |          | Reporting     | tp://www.xbrl.org/Home/> |
|               |          | Standards     |                          |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          | <h            |                          |
|               |          | ttp://www.ias |                          |
|               |          | b.org/standar |                          |
|               |          | ds/index.asp> |                          |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          | See also      |                          |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          | <http://www.  |                          |
|               |          | asb.org.uk/as |                          |
|               |          | b/technical/s |                          |
|               |          | tandards.cfm> |                          |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| RPT -         | Auditing | Government    | AICPA's Accounting       |
| Generate      |          | Auditing      | Standards page is at     |
| Financial     |          | Standards (   | <htt                     |
| Statement     |          | GAO's Yellow  | p://www.aicpa.org/member |
|               |          | Book)         | s/div/acctstd/index.htm> |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          | <http://www   | AICPA's Audit and Attest |
|               |          | .gao.gov/gova | Standards page is at     |
|               |          | ud/ybk01.htm> | <http                    |
|               |          |               | ://www.aicpa.org/members |
|               |          | Standards     | /div/auditstd/index.htm> |
|               |          | Recently      |                          |
|               |          | Issued by     |                          |
|               |          | AICPA         |                          |
|               |          | <http://      |                          |
|               |          | www.aicpa.org |                          |
|               |          | /members/div/ |                          |
|               |          | auditstd/rias |                          |
|               |          | ai/index.htm> |                          |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          | SAS No. 70    |                          |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          | [http://      |                          |
|               |          | www.sas70.com |                          |
|               |          | /about.htm#ab |                          |
|               |          | out%20100](ht |                          |
|               |          | tp://www.sas7 |                          |
|               |          | 0.com/about.h |                          |
|               |          | tm#about 100) |                          |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          | AICPA         |                          |
|               |          | Proposed      |                          |
|               |          | Statement on  |                          |
|               |          | Auditing      |                          |
|               |          | Standards     |                          |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          | <htt          |                          |
|               |          | p://www.aicpa |                          |
|               |          | .org/download |                          |
|               |          | /auditstd/200 |                          |
|               |          | 3_0318_SSAE_i |                          |
|               |          | ntcontrl.pdf> |                          |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| RM - Manage   | Payment  | ANSI X9.59    | ANSI standard for secure |
| Treasury      | /        |               | financial transactions.  |
| Execution     | Se       |               | Provides sufficient      |
|               | ttlement |               | detail for software      |
|               |          |               | vendors to create        |
|               |          |               | components of payment    |
|               |          |               | systems that             |
|               |          |               | interoperate between     |
|               |          |               | conforming consumer      |
|               |          |               | systems and conforming   |
|               |          |               | merchant systems.        |
|               |          |               | <http:/                  |
|               |          |               | /www.ca0.net/X9App.html> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| FM - Evaluate | Balanced |               | While no standards       |
| Budget        | S        |               | directly relevant to     |
|               | corecard |               | Balanced Scorecards have |
|               |          |               | been identified, useful  |
|               |          |               | information on the       |
|               |          |               | basics of Balanced       |
|               |          |               | Scorecards is available  |
|               |          |               | at                       |
|               |          |               | <http://www.q            |
|               |          |               | uickmba.com/accounting/m |
|               |          |               | gmt/balanced-scorecard/> |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          |               | Guidelines for           |
|               |          |               | implementing a Balanced  |
|               |          |               | Scorecard are provided   |
|               |          |               | at                       |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          |               | <http://www.qpr.com/pr   |
|               |          |               | otected/whitepapers/QPR_ |
|               |          |               | Implementing_BSCpdf.pdf> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| FM - Develop  | Decision |               | Abstract for article on  |
| Program\      | Support  |               | standard, reusable       |
| FM -          | and      |               | software components for  |
| Formulate     | Planning |               | decision support         |
| Budget\       |          |               |                          |
| FM - Support  |          |               | <http://portal.ac        |
| Budget        |          |               | m.org/citation.cfm?id=63 |
| Execution\    |          |               | 5747&dl=ACM&coll=portal> |
| FM -          |          |               |                          |
| Reprogram     |          |               |                          |
| Funds         |          |               |                          |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| CM - Perform  | Math     | MathML        | MathML is a W3C          |
| Analysis      | ematical |               | specification for        |
|               |          |               | describing mathematics   |
|               |          |               | as a basis for machine   |
|               |          |               | to machine               |
|               |          |               | communication. It        |
|               |          |               | provides a foundation    |
|               |          |               | for the inclusion of     |
|               |          |               | mathematical expressions |
|               |          |               | in Web pages.            |
|               |          |               | <                        |
|               |          |               | http://www.w3.org/Math/> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| CM - Perform  | Modeling | BPMN          | Business Process         |
| Analysis      |          |               | Modeling Notation (BPMN) |
|               |          |               | as a standard notation   |
|               |          |               | for business process     |
|               |          |               | modeling.                |
|               |          |               | <http://www              |
|               |          |               | .bpmi.org/PR.esp?id=301> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| FM -          | Pr       |               | A set of statistics and  |
| Formulate     | edictive |               | probability standards    |
| Budget        |          |               | for students is provided |
|               |          |               | at                       |
|               |          |               | <http://www.wrsd.net/m   |
|               |          |               | athematicsstandard9.htm> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| CM - Define   | St       |               |                          |
| Model         | ructural |               |                          |
|               | /Thermal |               |                          |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| FM - Evaluate | Per      | ANSI/EIA      | Some project performance |
| Budget        | formance | 748-A-1998,   | management standards are |
|               | Ma       | Guidelines    | listed at                |
|               | nagement | for EVM       | <http://www.pmforum.org  |
|               |          | Systems       | /prof/standard.htm#PPMS> |
|               |          |               | However, they are not    |
|               |          | <http://www   | readily identifiable or  |
|               |          | .dtic.mil/ndi | obtainable.              |
|               |          | a/2002cmmi/so |                          |
|               |          | lomon2b1.pdf> |                          |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| FM - Develop  | P        |               | The Project Management   |
| Program\      | ortfolio |               | Institute is working on  |
| FM - Support  | Ma       |               | an standard for          |
| Budget        | nagement |               | program/portfolio        |
| Execution\    |          |               | management.              |
| FM -          |          |               | <http://www.pmi.org/i    |
| Reprogram     |          |               | nfo/PP_ProgPortStnd.asp> |
| Funds         |          |               |                          |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| FM -          | S        |               | A proposal has been      |
| Construct     | trategic |               | submitted to AIIM for    |
| Plan          | Planning |               | specification of an XML  |
|               | &        |               | schema as an             |
|               | Ma       |               | international standard   |
|               | nagement |               | for strategic plans.     |
|               |          |               | <http://www.xml.gov/dr   |
|               |          |               | aft/AIIMProjectProposalX |
|               |          |               | SDforStrategicPlans.htm> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| FM - Develop  | Requ     |               | Requirements management  |
| Program\      | irements |               | is addressed at          |
| FM - Support  | Ma       |               | <http://www.i            |
| Budget        | nagement |               | turls.com/English/Softwa |
| Execution     |          |               | reEngineering/SE_36.asp> |
|               |          |               | &                        |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          |               | <http://www.cutter.com/c |
|               |          |               | gi-bin/catalog/store.cgi |
|               |          |               | ?action=link&sku=RP18DC> |
|               |          |               | &                        |
|               |          |               | <http://www.             |
|               |          |               | galaxyscientific.com/are |
|               |          |               | as/infoassurance/rm.htm> |
|               |          |               | However, it is unclear   |
|               |          |               | whether any standards    |
|               |          |               | have been specified.     |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| GL - Manage   | Change   |               | IBM addresses the phases |
| GL Structure  | Ma       |               | and steps of change      |
|               | nagement |               | management at            |
|               |          |               | <http://www-1.i          |
|               |          |               | bm.com/services/us/its/p |
|               |          |               | df/cwp-itchangemgmt.pdf> |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          |               | Links to commercial,     |
|               |          |               | scenario-based change    |
|               |          |               | management resources are |
|               |          |               | provided at              |
|               |          |               | <http                    |
|               |          |               | ://www.change-management |
|               |          |               | .com/how-to-guide-g.htm> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| CM - Define   | Confi    | IEEE Std.     | The Project Management   |
| Model         | guration | 828-1009,     | Institute has initiated  |
|               | Ma       | Software      | an effort to develop a   |
|               | nagement | Configuration | standard for the         |
|               |          | Management    | practice of              |
|               |          | Plans         | configuration            |
|               |          |               | management.              |
|               |          | IEEE          | <http://www.pmi.org      |
|               |          | 1042-1987,    | /info/PP_ConfigMgmt.asp> |
|               |          | Guide to      |                          |
|               |          | Software      | Additional software      |
|               |          | Configuration | configuration management |
|               |          | Management    | standards are listed at  |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          |               | <http:/                  |
|               |          |               | /www.12207.com/test.htm> |
|               |          |               | &                        |
|               |          |               | <http:                   |
|               |          |               | //www.assetmanagement-to |
|               |          |               | olkit.com/ConfigurationM |
|               |          |               | anagementStandards.html> |
|               |          |               | &                        |
|               |          |               | <htt                     |
|               |          |               | p://www.snuffybear.com/u |
|               |          |               | cmcentral_standards.htm> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| GL - Manage   | Go       |               |                          |
| GL Structure  | vernance |               |                          |
|               | / Policy |               |                          |
|               | Ma       |               |                          |
|               | nagement |               |                          |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| FM - Support  | Requ     |               | Requirements management  |
| Budget        | irements |               | is addressed at          |
| Execution\    | Ma       |               | <http://www.i            |
| CM - Define   | nagement |               | turls.com/English/Softwa |
| Model\        |          |               | reEngineering/SE_36.asp> |
| CM - Populate |          |               | &                        |
| Model\        |          |               |                          |
| CM - Perform  |          |               | <http://www.cutter.com/c |
| Analysis      |          |               | gi-bin/catalog/store.cgi |
|               |          |               | ?action=link&sku=RP18DC> |
|               |          |               | &                        |
|               |          |               | <http://www.             |
|               |          |               | galaxyscientific.com/are |
|               |          |               | as/infoassurance/rm.htm> |
|               |          |               | However, it is unclear   |
|               |          |               | whether any standards    |
|               |          |               | have been specified.     |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| CM - Define   | Risk     | ISO/IEC Guide | Additional risk          |
| Model\        | Ma       | 73, Risk      | management standards are |
| RM - Manage   | nagement | management -- | addressed at             |
| Treasury      |          | Vocabulary -- | <ht                      |
| Execution\    |          | Guidelines    | tp://www.airmic.com/Risk |
| RPT -         |          |               | ManagementStandard.asp>, |
| Generate      |          | <ht           |                          |
| Financial     |          | tp://www.iso. | <http://w                |
| Statement\    |          | ch/iso/en/com | ww.airmic.com/AIRMIC_Ris |
| CM - Populate |          | mcentre/press | kManagementStandard.pdf> |
| Model\        |          | releases/2002 | &                        |
| CM - Perform  |          | /Ref833.html> | <http://www.idrisk       |
| Analysis      |          |               | .com/uploads/AIRMIC.pdf> |
|               |          |               | as well as               |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          |               | <http://www.             |
|               |          |               | zurich.co.uk/strategicri |
|               |          |               | sk/referencelibrary/Risk |
|               |          |               | managementstandards.htm> |
|               |          |               | &                        |
|               |          |               | <http                    |
|               |          |               | ://sparc.airtime.co.uk/u |
|               |          |               | sers/wysywig/risk_1.htm> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+
| CM - Populate | Confi    | IEEE Std.     | The Project Management   |
| Model         | guration | 828-1009,     | Institute has initiated  |
|               | Ma       | Software      | an effort to develop a   |
|               | nagement | Configuration | standard for the         |
|               |          | Management    | practice of              |
|               |          | Plans         | configuration            |
|               |          |               | management.              |
|               |          | IEEE          | <http://www.pmi.org      |
|               |          | 1042-1987,    | /info/PP_ConfigMgmt.asp> |
|               |          | Guide to      |                          |
|               |          | Software      | Additional software      |
|               |          | Configuration | configuration management |
|               |          | Management    | standards are listed at  |
|               |          |               |                          |
|               |          |               | <http:/                  |
|               |          |               | /www.12207.com/test.htm> |
|               |          |               | &                        |
|               |          |               | <http:                   |
|               |          |               | //www.assetmanagement-to |
|               |          |               | olkit.com/ConfigurationM |
|               |          |               | anagementStandards.html> |
|               |          |               | &                        |
|               |          |               | <htt                     |
|               |          |               | p://www.snuffybear.com/u |
|               |          |               | cmcentral_standards.htm> |
+---------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------+

# Conclusion

> The identification and enhancement of the Target Technology Standards
> will improve FM across the Federal Government by establishing an open,
> standards-based, market-driven approach to a shared services model,
> target architecture, and standardized set of business processes. This
> methodology supports the vision of the FM LOB by improving business
> performance while ensuring integrity in accountability, financial
> controls, and mission effectiveness. However, realizing the vision
> will require additional, ongoing engagement of the subject matter
> experts and front-line workers in a truly collaborative effort over an
> extended period of time.