U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

PREPARED IN COLLABORATION WITH:

RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

GEOLOGICAL COMMITTEE OF RUSSIA

ALASKA DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA

SIGNIFICANT METALLIFEROUS AND SELECTED NON-METALLIFEROUS

LODE DEPOSITS AND PLACER DISTRICTS FOR

THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST, ALASKA, AND THE CANADIAN CORDILLERA

By

Warren J. Nokleberg^1^, Thomas K. Bundtzen^2^, Kenneth M. Dawson^3^,
Roman A. Eremin^4^,

Nikolai A. Goryachev^4^, Richard D. Koch^1^, Vladimir V. Ratkin^5^, Ilya
S. Rozenblum^6^,

Vladimir I. Shpikerman^4^, and

Yuri F. Frolov^7^, Mary E. Gorodinsky^6^, Vladimir D. Melnikov^8^,
Michael F. Diggles^1^, Nikolai V. Ognyanov^5^,

Eugene D. Petrachenko^5^, Rimma I.Petrachenko^5^, Anany I. Pozdeev^7^,
Katherina V. Ross^3^,

Douglas H. Wood^3^, Donald Grybeck^9^, Alexander I. Khanchuck^5^, Lidiya
I. Kovbas^5^,

Ivan Ya. Nekrasov^5^, and Anatoly A. Sidorov^4^

^1^-U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park

^2^-Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks

^3^-Geological Survey of Canada, Vancouver

^4^-Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan

^5^-Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok

^6^-Geological Committee of Northeastern Russia, Magadan

^7^-Geological Committee of Kamchatka, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

^8^-Geological Committee of Amur Region, Blagoveshchensk

^9^-U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage

OPEN-FILE REPORT 96-513-B

1997

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with
U.S. Geological Survey

editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any
use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive

purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

INTRODUCTION

This report is a written tabular compilation of the significant
metalliferous and selected non-metalliferous lode deposits and placer
districts of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera.
The report provides detailed summaries of the important features of the
significant lode deposits and placer districts along with a summary of
mineral deposit models, and a bibliography of cited references. Data are
provided herein for 1,079 significant lode deposits and 158 significant
placer districts of the region. The tabular data are provided in Table 1
for significant lode deposits, and in Table 2 for significant placer
districts at the end of report. Alphabetical indices of the tabular data
are provided after Tables 1 and 2.

The Alaskan and Canadian mineral deposit data are derived from revisions
of Dawson (1984), Nokleberg and others (1987, 1993, 1994a, b), from new
unpublished data of the authors, and from recent publications. The
Russian Far East mineral deposit data represent new compilations by the
Russian authors using cited references and unpublished data of the
authors.

This report is published in digital format on a CD-ROM. This report is
one of a series of studies on the mineral deposits, metallogenic belts,
bedrock geology, and tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the
Canadian Cordillera. Published major companion studies are: (1) a report
on the metallogenesis of mainland Alaska and the Russian Northeast
(Nokleberg and others, 1993); and (2) a tectonostratigraphic terrane map
of the Circum-North Pacific (Nokleberg and others, 1994c). A companion
version of this report was published in paper format (Open-File Report
96-513-A).

**METALLOGENIC AND TECTONIC DEFINITIONS**

The following key definitions are provided.

*Deposit*. A general term for any lode or placer mineral occurrence,
mineral deposit, prospect, and (or) mine.

*Metallogenic belt*. A geologic unit (area) that either contains or is
favorable for a group of coeval and genetically-related, significant
lode and placer deposit models.

*Mine*. A site where valuable minerals have been extracted.

*Mineral deposit*. A site where concentrations of potentially valuable
minerals for which grade and tonnage estimates have been made.

*Mineral occurrence.* A site of potentially valuable minerals on which
no visible exploration has occurred, or for which no grade and tonnage
estimates have been made.

*Overlap assemblage.* A postaccretion unit of sedimentary or igneous
rocks deposited on, or intruded into, two or more adjacent terranes
(Jones and others, 1983; Howell and others, 1985; Nokleberg and others,
1994c). The sedimentary and volcanic parts either depositionally
overlie, or are interpreted to have originally depositionally overlain,
two or more adjacent terranes, or terranes and the craton margin.
Overlapping plutonic rocks, which may be coeval and genetically related
to overlap volcanic rocks, link or stitch together adjacent terranes, or
a terrane and a craton margin.

*Prospect*. A site of potentially valuable minerals in which excavation
has occurred.

*Significant mineral deposit*. A mine, mineral deposit, prospect, or
occurrence that is judged as important for the metallogenesis of a
geographic region.

*Terrane.* A fault-bounded geologic entity or fragment that is
characterized by a distinctive geologic history that differs markedly
from that of adjacent terranes (Jones and others, 1983; Howell and
others, 1985; Nokleberg and others, 1994c). Constitutes a physical
entity, i.e., a stratigraphic succession bounded by faults, inferred
faults, or an intensely-deformed structural complex bounded by faults.
Some terranes may be displaced (faulted) facies of other terranes.

**LODE AND PLACER MINERAL DEPOSIT MODELS**

**Classification of Mineral Deposits**

Metalliferous and selected non-metalliferous lode and placer deposits in
this report are classified into various models or types described below.
This classification of mineral deposits was derived mainly from the
mineral deposit types of Eckstrand (1984), Cox and Singer (1986),
Nokleberg and others (1987, 1993, 1994a, b), cited references for
specific models, and unpublished data of the Russian authors. The lode
deposit types are grouped according to host rock lithologies and (or)
origin. Lode deposit types that share a common origin, such as contact
metasomatic deposits, or porphyry deposits, are grouped together under a
single heading.

The mineral deposit types used in this report consist of both
descriptive and genetic information that is systematically arranged to
describe the essential properties of a class of mineral deposits. Some
types are descriptive (empirical), in which instance the various
attributes are recognized as essential, even though their relationships
are unknown. An example of a descriptive mineral deposit type is the
basaltic Cu type in which the empirical datum of a geologic association
of Cu sulfides with relatively Cu-rich metabasalt or greenstone is the
essential attribute. Other types are genetic (theoretical), in which
case the attributes are related through some fundamental concept. An
example is the W skarn deposit type in which case the genetic process of
contact metasomatism is the essential attribute. For additional
information on the methodology of mineral deposit types, the reader is
referred to the discussions by Eckstrand (1984) and Cox and Singer
(1986). For each deposit type, the principal references are listed in
parentheses.

**Deposits Related to Marine Felsic to Mafic Extrusive Rocks**

*Kuroko Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Ag, Au, Cd, Sn, Sb, Bi, barite) (D.A.
Singer in Cox and Singer, 1986; Franklin, 1993)*

This deposit type consists of volcanogenic massive to disseminated
sulfides that occur in felsic to intermediate marine volcanic,
pyroclastic, and bedded sedimentary rocks. The deposit minerals are
mainly pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and lesser galena,
tetrahedrite, tennantite, and magnetite. Local alteration to zeolites,
montmorillonite, silica, chlorite, and sericite may occur. The volcanic
rocks are mainly rhyolite and dacite flows and tuff with subordinate
basalt and andesite. Deposits commonly associated with subvolcanic
intrusions that focus heat and provide energy for circulating
hydrothermal fluids and leaching reactions. Strata above intrusions
display extensive high-temperature alteration, including metal
depletion, extreme alkali modification, and silicification. Deposits may
be associated with major units of epiclastic breccia and with local
growth faults, either rift or caldera-collapse faults. Alteration pipes
may develop in portions of faults that immediately underlie the
deposits. The depositional environment is mainly hot springs related to
marine volcanism in island arcs or in extensional regimes behind island
arcs.

***Besshi Cu-Zn massive sulfide (Cu, Zn, Ag) (D.P. Cox in Cox and
Singer, 1986; Slack, 1993)***

This deposit type consists of thin sheet-like bodies of massive to
well-laminated pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite and sphalerite, and
lesser sulfide minerals, within thinly laminated clastic sedimentary
rocks, basalt, and mafic tuff. Lesser minerals are magnetite, galena,
bornite, and tetrahedrite, with gangue quartz, carbonates, albite, white
mica, and chlorite. The rock types are mainly marine clastic sedimentary
rocks, basaltic and less commonly andesitic tuff and breccia, and local
black shale and red chert. Wall rocks may include sericite- and
chlorite-rich schist, coticule, tourmalinite, and albite that common
form strata-bound lenses or envelopes around the massive sulfide
deposit, or may extend as much as five to ten meters into the adjacent
host rocks. Coticule, tourmalinite, and albite may occur as stratiform
layers that may extend laterally hundreds of meters beyond the massive
sulfide deposit. These wall rocks form by hydrothermal alteration and
(or) chemical sedimentation coeval with deposition of massive sulfide.
Alteration is sometimes difficult to recognize because of metamorphism.
Deposits typically form stratiform lenses and sheetlike accumulations of
semi-massive to massive sulfide. Footwall feeder zones may occur. The
depositional environment is interpreted as submarine hot springs related
to the deeper zones of submarine basaltic volcanism along spreading
oceanic ridges, possibly in areas where a spreading oceanic ridge occurs
near a continental margin that is supplying clastic detritus.

***Cyprus Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide (Au, Pb, Cd, Sn) (D.A. Singer in Cox
and Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists of massive sulfides in pillow basalt. The
deposit minerals are mainly pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and lesser
marcasite and pyrrhotite. The sulfides occur in pillow basalt that is
associated with tectonized dunite, harzburgite, gabbro, sheeted diabase
dikes, and fine-grained sedimentary rocks, all part of an ophiolite
assemblage. Beneath the massive sulfides is sometimes stockwork pyrite,
pyrrhotite, minor chalcopyrite, and sphalerite. The sulfide minerals are
sometimes brecciated and recemented. Alteration in the stringer zone
consists of abundant quartz, chalcedony, chlorite, and lesser illite and
calcite. Some deposits are overlain by Fe-rich and Mn-poor ochre. The
depositional environment consists of submarine hot springs along an
axial graben in oceanic or back-arc spreading ridges, or hot springs
related to submarine volcanoes in seamounts.

***Volcanogenic Mn (R.A. Koski in Cox and Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists of sheets and lenses of
hausmannite-rhodochrosite, rhodochrosite, and oxidized braunite in
intercalated shales, jasper, marine basalt flows, and mafic tuff. The
host-volcanic rocks differ from normal tholeiite basalt in being
relatively rich in potassium, sodium, and titanium. The deposits
generally occur in sequences with abundant chert, rather than in
sequences dominated by volcanic rocks. The deposits are often associated
with volcanogenic Fe deposits, and sometimes contain complexly-oxidized
ferromanganese minerals. The depositional environment is presumably
related to hot springs associated with marine basaltic magmatism. No
relation exists between zones of Mn-minerals and volcanic edifices.

***Volcanogenic Fe (Shekhorkina, 1976)***

This deposit type consists of sheeted magnetite, and rarely
magnetite-hematite or magnetite-hydroxide that occur in interlayered
dark-gray jasper, shale, sandstone, and sedimentary breccia that contain
subordinate subalkaline mafic extrusive rocks,. Associated minerals are
pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and other sulfide
minerals. Quartz is the dominant gangue mineral, along with Fe-rich
chlorite, calcite, and gypsum. The depositional environment is
presumably related to hot springs associated with marine mafic
volcanism.

**Deposits Related to Subaerial Extrusive Rocks**

***Au-Ag epithermal vein (D.L. Mosier and others in Cox and Singer,
1986; Sillitoe, 1993a)***

This deposit type consists of quartz-adularia, and
quartz-adularia**-**carbonate veins with a wide variety of minerals,
including Au- and Ag-sulfosalts, pyrite, chalcopyrite, argentite,
galena, sphalerite, cinnabar, and stibnite. Associated minerals include
electrum, chalcopyrite, Cu- and Ag-sulfosalts, with lesser tellurides,
bornite, barite, and fluorite. Alteration minerals include quartz,
kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, and zeolites. One class of
epithermal vein deposits, such as those at Creede, Colorado and Dukat,
Russian Northeast, has high concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Ag, sometimes
high Cu and low Au; another class, such as those at Sado, Japan, has
high Au, moderate to low Ag, sometimes high Cu, and generally low Pb and
Zn concentrations. For both groups, the host volcanic rock composition
ranges from subalkalic andesite to rhyolite. Some deposits are observed
or inferred to overlie subvolcanic Cu-Au, Cu-Mo, or Sn
magmatic-rock-related deposits. Deposits may be overlain by barren,
acid-leached zones, or silicified horizons. The depositional environment
is intermediate to felsic volcanic arcs and centers developed over
miogeosynclinal rocks (Creede-type) or older volcanic and plutonic rocks
(Sado-type).

***Volcanic-hosted Hg (Plamennoe type) (Kuznetsov, 1974; Babkin,
1975)***

This deposit type consists of massive to disseminated,
veinlet-disseminated and brecciated cinnabar occurring either in: (1) in
bed-like, lens-like and irregular bodies mostly in felsic and to a
lesser extent, in intermediate and mafic volcanic horizons; or (2) at
the contacts of subvolcanic intrusive and volcanic rocks. In addition to
cinnabar, the deposit minerals commonly include stibnite, pyrite, and
marcasite, with subordinate or rare arsenopyrite, hematite, Pb-, Zn-,
and Cu-sulfides, and tetrahedrite, schwatzite, Ag-sulfosalts, gold,
realgar, and native mercury. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz,
chalcedony, sericite, hydromica, kaolinite, dickite, alunite, carbonate,
chlorite, and solid bitumen. Cinnabar and associated minerals commonly
occur in multiple layers. Wallrocks may be propylitically altered to
quartz, sericite, kaolinite, and epidote. Native mercury is deposited
mainly during intense alteration, and, to a lesser extent, by filling of
open fissures and voids. This deposit type may be a variety of the
epithermal quartz-alunite Au deposit type of Berger (1986). The
depositional environment is generally the tectonic boundaries of major
volcanic depressions and calderas.

***Hot spring Hg (J.J. Rytuba in Cox and Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists of cinnabar, antimony, pyrite, and minor
marcasite and native mercury in veins and in disseminations in
graywacke, shale, andesite and basalt flows, andesite tuff and tuff
breccia, and diabase dikes. Various alteration minerals such as
kaolinite, alunite, Fe oxides, and native sulfur occur above the
paleo-groundwater table; pyrite, zeolites, potassium feldspar, chlorite,
and quartz occur below the paleo-groundwater table. The tectonic setting
is continental-margin rifting associated with small-volume mafic to
intermediate volcanism. The depositional environment is fault and
fracture systems near paleo ground-water table in areas of former hot
springs.

*Silica-carbonate Hg (Kuznetsov, 1974; Voevodin and others 1979; J.J.
Rytuba in Cox and Singer 1986)*

This deposit type consists of cinnabar and associated minerals at the
contact between serpentinite and graywacke. The Russian equivalent for
this deposit type is listwandite. The deposit minerals are mainly common
Hg-minerals, including cinnabar, and native mercury, along with
stibnite, pyrite, realgar, orpiment, native arsenic, sometimes Ni-and
Co-minerals, and sometimes W-minerals, including tungstenite, scheelite,
and wolframite. Gangue minerals are mainly dolomite, breunnerite and
ankerite in association with quartz, opal, chalcedony, calcite, dickite,
and talc. Massive, veinlet, and disseminated minerals commonly occur in
irregular lens-like bodies and veins in crush belts and mylonite zones,
and in adjacent sedimentary rocks. Cinnabar mineralization is closely
associated with silica-carbonate and argillic alteration. The
depositional environment consists of zones of normal faults, perhaps
superposed on older thrusts, that contain lenses of serpentinite,
ultramafic rocks, and graywacke.

***Volcanic-hosted Sb (Au, Ag, As) vein (Berger, 1978)***

This deposit type consists of veins, stockwork, and irregular
mineralized zones that occur in felsic to intermediate volcanic
sequences, intercalated volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, flows,
hypabyssal dikes and sills, and shallow parts of fractured granitic
intrusions. The principal deposit mineral is stibnite with accessory
arsenopyrite, pyrite, marcasite, berthierite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite,
galena, native silver, native gold, native arsenic, cinnabar, realgar,
orpiment, jamesonite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, Ag-sulfosalts, carbonate
minerals, barite, fluorite, sericite, adularia, and clay minerals.
Gangue minerals are mainly chalcedony, quartz and opal. Argillic
hydrothermal alteration is common; other alterations may include
carbonate minerals, pyrite, and zeolites. Associated volcanic rocks are
generally of highly differentiated calc-alkalic composition.
Mineralization commonly occurs on the flanks of subaerial volcanoes.
Deposit type often occurs at the periphery of volcanic structures that
host associated gold-silver, disseminated gold-sulfide, and mercury
deposits. The depositional environment is subaerial, calc-alkaline
volcanic flows and shallow intrusions.

***Rhyolite-hosted Sn (B.L Reed and others in Cox and Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists of cassiterite and wood tin that occur in
discontinuous veinlets and stockworks, and in disseminations in
rhyolite-flow dome complexes. Accessory minerals include topaz,
fluorite, bixbyite, pseudobrookite, and beryl. Besides cassiterite and
wood tin, the deposit minerals also include hematite, cristobalite,
fluorite, tridymite, opal, chalcedony, adularia and zeolites. The
associated wall-rock alteration minerals are generally cristobalite,
fluorite, smectite, kaolinite and alunite. The host rhyolites commonly
contain more than 75 percent silica and are enriched with potassium.
Mineralization is controlled by fractured and brecciated zones occurring
in the most permeable upper portions of flow-dome complexes. The
depositional environment is regions of felsic volcanism erupted onto
continental crust.

***Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS2 ) (Vlasov, 1976)***

This deposit type consists of three subtypes: (1) surficial sulfur
deposited from gases and solutions; (2) lacustrine deposits formed in
volcanic craters; and (3) most valuable economically, replacement
deposits formed as metasomatic sheets and as irregular bodies in porous
and fractured rocks. All three subtypes are genetically and spatially
associated with andesite. The deposit minerals are generally diverse and
consist mainly of sulfur and pyrite with lesser variable realgar,
orpiment, metacinnabar, stibnite, sphalerite, and molybdenite. Sulfide
content increases with the depth grading into massive sulfides. Host
rocks are generally hydrothermally altered.

**Stratiform Deposits in Fine-Grained Clastic and Siliceous Sedimentary
Rocks**

*Sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Zn-Pb-Ag (J.A. Briskey in Cox and
Singer, 1986; Goodfellow and others, 1993)*

This deposit type consists of stratiform, massive to disseminated
sulfides and barite occurring in sheet-like or lens-like tabular bodies
that are interbedded with euxinic marine sedimentary rocks including
dark shale, siltstone, chert, and sandstone. Many deposits form in
half-graben basins, are asymmetrical zoned, and range in form from
mound-shaped vent complexes to flanking, interbedded hydrothermal,
biogenic, and epiclastic sedimentary accumulations. Generally occur in
basinal sediments that cap thick, continental syn-rift sequences of
coarse-grained clastic rocks. Sometimes close temporal and in many
cases, spatial association with alkaline and tholeiitic basaltic rocks,
dikes, and sills that indicate associated hydrothermal activity is
related to high-level magmas. The deposit minerals include pyrite,
pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, and barite, and rare celesite and
chalcopyrite. Extensive hydrothermal alteration may occur near vents,
including stockwork and disseminated sulfides, silica, albite, and
chlorite. The depositional environment consists of marine epicratonal
embayments and intracratonic basins with smaller local restricted
basins.

***Bedded barite (G.J. Orris in Cox and Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists of stratiform, massive, and nodular barite
interbedded with marine cherty and calcareous sedimentary rocks, mainly
dark chert, shale, mudstone, and dolomite. The deposit type is often
associated with sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb or kuroko massive sulfide
deposits (both described above). Alteration consists of secondary barite
veining and local, weak to moderate sericite replacement. Associated
minerals include minor witherite, pyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Also
associated are phosphate nodules. The depositional environment consists
of epicratonal marine basins or embayments, often with smaller local
restricted basins.

**Stratabound deposits in Coarse Clastic sedimentary Rocks and Subaerial
Basalts**

*Sediment-hosted Cu (Kupferschiefer and Redbed) (Bogdanov and others,
1973; Eckstrand, 1984; D.P. Cox in Cox and Singer, 1986)*

This deposit type consists of disseminated to less prevalent veinlet
sulfide ores that occur in lens-like and layered bodies in red clastic
sedimentary rocks, including shale, siltstone, and sandstone, that are
often intercalated with basalts. The main deposit minerals are bornite,
chalcocite, hematite, with rare chalcopyrite as large crystals,
metasomatic veinlets, and clastic grains. Wall-rock alteration consists
of disappearance of red color of host rocks, and occurrence of
quartz-carbonate-sulfide veinlets. The latter are sometimes abundantly
associated with low-grade contact or greenschist facies regional
metamorphism. Weathering results in development of green sinter and
malachite and azurite crusts. The depositional environment is
epicontinental, shallow marine basins that occur on passive continental
margin shelfs, or adjacent to volcanic island arcs. This deposit type is
commonly associated with Cu-bearing, island arc trachybasalts
(shoshonites) formed at or near rift zones.

***Basaltic Cu (Dzhalkan type) (Eckstrand, 1984; Kutyrev, 1984; D.P. Cox
in Cox and Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists of stratabound disseminated Cu minerals in
basalt lavas erupted into shallow coastal marine basins, and more
seldomly onto the subaerial parts of oceanic volcanic islands. The
volcanic rocks are generally interbedded with red sandstone,
conglomerate and siltstone. The basalts lavas are generally potassic or
alkalic and may include shoshonites and trachybasalts. Major deposit
minerals are bornite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, pyrite and native
copper. These minerals occur both in the matrix of, and as amygdules in
the porous roofs of basalt flows, and in veinlets within the basalts.
The wallrocks are altered mainly to epidote, calcite, chlorite and
zeolites. The deposit type is often associated with sediment-hosted Cu
deposit type (Kupferschiefer and Redbed, described above). The
depositional environment is epicontinental, shallow marine basins that
occur on passive or rifted continental margin shelfs, or adjacent to
oceanic volcanic islands. The depositional environment includes porous
roof of basalt flows and synvolcanic fissures.

***Clastic sediment-hosted Hg (Nikitovka type) (Kuznetsov, 1974; Babkin,
1975)***

This deposit type consists of cinnabar and associated minerals that
occur in lenses, stockworks, and other structures in flysch sequences
composed of siltstone, shale, and conglomerate. Ore bodies include
stockworks, lenses, bed-like and irregular bodies, and simple and
complex veins in fault zones. Mineralization is controlled by sets of
fractures, and by feathering major faults in anticlinal structures and
dome-like uplifts. The deposit type usually contains several ore
horizons. Deposit minerals are mainly cinnabar with subordinate
stibnite, realgar, orpiment, various other sulfide minerals and
sulfosalts, and native arsenic and native mercury. Gangue minerals are
mainly quartz, chalcedony quartz, carbonate minerals, and dickite. Wall
rocks may be altered to quartz, argillite, and carbonate minerals.
Associated igneous rocks are mainly felsic and intermediate dikes.
Mineralization is interpreted to have formed from low-temperature
hydrothermal fluids that were related to either deep magmatic chambers
or to low-grade regional metamorphism. In many parts of Russia, clastic
sediment-hosted Hg deposits commonly occur in rift environments in
cratonal areas. However, in the Russian Far East, this model is also
applied to Hg deposits that occur in clastic sedimentary rocks that are
part of volcanic arc sequences.

***Sandstone-hosted U (C.E. Turner-Peterson and C.A. Hodges in Cox and
Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists of concentrations of uranium oxides and
related minerals in localized, reduced environments in medium- to
coarse-grained feldspathic or tuffaceous sandstone, arkose, mudstone,
and conglomerate. The depositional environment is continental basin
margins, fluvial channels, fluvial fans, or stable coastal plain,
sometimes with nearby felsic plutons or felsic volcanic rocks. The
deposit minerals include pitchblende, coffinite, carnotite, and pyrite.

**Deposits in Carbonate and Chemical-Sedimentary Rocks**

***Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (D.P. Cox and L.R.. Bernstein in Cox and Singer,
1986)***

This deposit type consists of stratabound, massive sulfides hosted
mainly in dolomitic breccia. Generally no rocks of unequivocal igneous
origin are related to the deposit. The deposit minerals include pyrite,
bornite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, carrollite, sphalerite, and
tennantite with minor reinerite and germanite. Local alteration to
dolomite, siderite, and silica may occur. The depositional environment
consists mainly of high fluid flow along faults or karst(?)-breccia
zones.

***Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (J.A. Briskey in Cox and Singer, 1986; Leach
and Sangster, 1993)***

This deposit type consists of stratabound, carbonate-hosted deposits of
Pb-, Zn-, and Cu-sulfide minerals in rocks having primary and secondary
porosity, commonly related to reefs on paleotopographic highs. This
deposit type is also referred to as the Mississippi Valley type. The
deposits are hosted mainly in dolomite, but are locally hosted in
sandstone, conglomerate, and calcareous shale. The deposit minerals are
mainly galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and marcasite, with
minor siegenite, bornite, tennantite, barite, bravoite, digenite,
covellite, arsenopyrite and other associated sulfide minerals.
Alteration consists of regional dolomitization, extensive carbonate
dissolution, and development of residual shale. The deposit minerals
occur at interfaces between gray and tan dolomite, and also in traps at
interfaces between permeable and impermeable units. Deposits do not
normally display internal mineralogical or chemical zoning. The deposits
commonly occur at the margins of clastic basins, generally in undeformed
orogenic foreland carbonate platforms. Some occur in carbonate sequences
in foreland thrust belts bordering foredeeps. Fewer are associated with
rift zones. The depositional environment is areas of shallow-water
marine carbonates, with prominent facies control by reefs growing on the
flanks of paleotopographic basement highs.

***Korean Pb-Zn massive sulfide (V.V. Ratkin, this study)***

This deposit type consists of Pb- and Zn-sulfide minerals in carbonate
rocks. The host rocks are mainly limestone, dolomite, and lesser marl.
The deposit minerals are mainly pyrite, galena, sphalerite, fluorite,
and magnetite. The deposit minerals occur mainly as lenses and beds
conformable to bedding in host rocks. Magnetite also forms layers that
are interbedded with sulfide minerals, fluorite, and carbonate minerals.
Little to no hydrothermal alteration occurs; mainly diagenetic
alteration occurs in carbonates and associated rocks. The deposit type
is intermediate between the sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn and Southeast
Missouri Pb-Zn deposit types. Examples in the Russian Southeast are the
Voznesenskoe and Chernyshevskoe mines. The depositional environment is
typically Late Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic carbonate-rich sedimentary
rocks in basins that overlap folded metamorphic complexes of the
Sino-Korean shield.

*Ironstone (Superior Fe) (Kosygin and Kulish, 1984;*

*R.A. Eremin and V.I. Shpikerman, this study; W.F. Cannon in Cox and
Singer, 1986)*

*Chemical-sedimentary subtype (Kosygin and Kulish, 1984)*. This subtype
consists of sheet-like horizons of magnetite and hematite-magnetite in
clastic carbonate rocks that are associated with chert,
quartz-sericite-chlorite schist, and dolomite. The deposits occur in
early Paleozoic sedimentary rocks formed in basins overlying Precambrian
granitic and metamorphic complexes. This subtype is a Paleozoic analog
of itabirites.

*Prikolyma subtype (R.A. Eremin and V.I. Shpikerman, this study).* This
subtype consists of Fe and Ti minerals that occur in bed-like and
lens-like bodies in sandstone grit and conglomerate. The deposit
minerals are mainly clastic hematite, magnetite, ilmenite, and zircon
grains that form concentrations that range up to 50 to 60 percent of the
hosting clastic quartz, and feldspar-quartz sandstone beds. Bedded
clastic rocks exhibit parallel-, cross-, and wavy-bedding. Ferruginous
sandstones are sometimes interlayered with carbonate rocks, which
sometimes form rich iron deposits. Conformable and crossing bodies of
massive and brecciated hematite ores also occur in regional
metamorphosed carbonate rocks. The deposit type is interpreted as
ancient lithified sea beach placers that are often highly metamorphosed
and deformed.

*Stratabound W (Austrian Alps-type) (Denisenko and others, 1986;
Rundquist and Denisenko, 1986; V.I. Shpikerman, this study)*

This deposit type consists of stratabound, thin veinlet, and
disseminated scheelite ores that occur in bedded carbonaceous calcareous
siltstone and argillite, commonly metamorphosed to phyllite and
greenschist. Igneous rocks are generally lacking, except for scarce
metamorphosed basalt sills. The deposit minerals are mainly scheelite,
pyrite, with lesser realgar, galena and chalcopyrite. The deposit
minerals are concentrated in carbonaceous calcareous siltstone beds
surrounded by shale or mudstone beds. The deposit minerals may also
occur along minor crossing faults, and in associated calcite and quartz
veinlets. W is geochemically associated with Sb, Hg, and As. The deposit
type is interpreted as forming during metamorphism of carbonaceous
sedimentary rocks initially enriched with W.

*Carbonate-hosted Hg (Khaidarkan type) (Babkin, 1975; Fedorchuk, 1983)*

This deposit type consists mainly of cinnabar in veinlets and in
disseminations that occur in stratabound bodies in dolomite breccia and
to a lesser extent in limestone breccia. The host rocks are reef and
shelf limestones that formed in carbonate reefs and shelf areas of
passive continental margins. The host rocks are subsequently altered to
dolomite and brecciated during diagenesis and karst-formation.
Mineralization is confined to deep fault zones and is localized under
impermeable clay layers. Magmatic rocks are rare diabase sills. The
deposit minerals are cinnabar and lesser pyrite, sphalerite, stibnite,
and anthraxolite, and rare galena and fluorite. Wall-rock alteration
consists of jasperoid, and quartz and calcite veinlets. The depositional
environment is artesian thermal water with possible deep sources of Hg.

*Stratiform Zr (Algama Type) (Zalishchak and others, 1991; Bagdasarov
and others, 1990; Nekrasov and Korzhinskaya, 1991)*

This deposit type consists of hydrozircon and baddeleyite in lenses and
veins that occur mainly in a layer of cavernous dolomite marble that
ranges up to about 40 m thick. The ore occurs as breccia composed of
fragments of metamorphic quartz and dolomite cemented by an aggregate of
hydrozircon and baddeleyite. Baddeleyite also occurs as loose aggregates
formed by weathering of primary ore. Some caverns in the dolomite
contain colloform, sinter-type aggregates of hydrozircon and
baddeleyite, but breccia ores predominate. The cavern walls are coated
with metamorphic quartz. The host dolomite is not hydrothermally
altered. The one large deposit of this type occurs in the northern part
of the Khabarovsk province and is hosted mainly in subhorizontal
dolomite marble that, along with other miogeoclinal sedimentary rocks,
form the Late Proterozoic and Early Paleozoic sedimentary cover of the
Stanovoy block of the North Asian Craton. The origin of the deposit is
speculative. According B. Zalischak (written commun., 1992) the deposit
formed by discharge of hydrothermal solution along a layer of porous
dolomite. A sudden pressure fall resulted in a blast. An U-Pb isotopic
age of about 100 Ma was obtain for hydrozircon (J.N. Aleinikoff, written
commun., 1993).

***Sedimentary phosphorite (Shkolnik, 1973)***

This deposit type consists of breccia composed of phosphorite, quartz,
dolomite, and calcite that are closely associated with calcareous marine
reef complexes. The reef complexes occur in sequences of jasper, shale,
siltstone, and mafic volcanic rocks. Phosphorite breccias formed along
the reef shelf and consist of fragments of primary phosphorite,
limestone, and dolomite, and rarely jasper, volcanic rocks, chert, and
shale. Primary phosphorite is rare and occurs as lenses of a coquina
composed of inarticulate brachiopods and partly by trilobites that
posses with phosphate-bearing shells. The boundaries of deposits are
complex and are defined by the occurrence of phosphorite fragments in
breccias. The length of the deposits ranges from a few tens of meters to
several kilometers; the thickness ranges from 0.5 to 40 meters. The
deposits are generally complex and discontinuous. The deposit type
occurs mainly in the Galam terrane in the Russian Southeast and is
associated with volcanogenic Mn and Fe deposits. The principal
phosphorite deposits in the Galam terrane are the North-Shantary,
Ir-Nimiiskoe, Nelkanskoe, and Lagapskoe deposits.

Deposits Related to Calc-Alkaline and Alkaline

Granitic Intrusions- Veins and Replacements

***Polymetallic veins (D.P. Cox in Cox and Singer, 1986; N.A. Goryachev,
this study)***

This deposit type consists of quartz-carbonate veins often with
Ag-bearing minerals, gold, and associated base-metal sulfides. The veins
are related to hypabyssal intrusions in sedimentary and metamorphic
terranes, or to metamorphic fluids forming during waning regional
metamorphism. The associated intrusions range in composition from
calcalkaline to alkaline and occur in dike swarms, hypabyssal
intrusions, small to moderate size intermediate to granitic plutons,
locally associated with andesite to rhyolite flows. The deposit minerals
include pyrite, and sphalerite, sometimes with chalcopyrite, galena,
arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite, Ag sulfosalts, native gold, electrum, and
argentite. Alteration consists of wide propylitic zones, and narrow
sericite and argillite zones. The depositional environment is
near-surface fractures and breccias within thermal aureoles of small to
moderate-size intrusions, including within the intrusions.

In the Russian Northeast, polymetallic veins are divided into: (1)
Au-polymetallic veins that contain gold and Pb-Zn-Cu sulfide minerals
and arsenopyrite; (2) polymetallic veins with varying amounts of
cassiterite and (or) stannite with abundant Fe, Pb, Zn, and Cu sulfide
minerals; and (3) Ag-polymetallic veins enriched with galena, and Ag and
Pb sulfosalts. In this region, polymetallic veins occur: (1) mainly in
flysch or olistostromes in Mesozoic accretionary wedges; or (2)
sometimes in postaccretionary volcanic rocks. Polymetallic veins are
analogs of skarn deposits and occur where noncalcareous clastic rocks
dominate instead of carbonate rocks.

*Sb-Au veins (simple Sb deposits) (J.D. Bliss and G.A. Orris in Cox and
Singer, 1986; Nokleberg and others, 1987)*

This deposit type consists of massive to disseminated stibnite and
lesser gold in quartz-carbonate veins, pods, and stockworks that occur
in or adjacent to brecciated or sheared fault zones, in sedimentary,
volcanic and metamorphic rocks, adjacent to granitic plutons, in contact
aureoles around granitic plutons, and peripheries of granodiorite,
granite, and monzonite plutons. Some Sb-Au vein deposits grade into
polymetallic vein deposits. Associated minerals are mainly arsenopyrite,
chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite, and sometimes cinnabar, galena, and
sulfosalts. Alteration minerals are mainly quartz, sericite, and clay
minerals. Associated granitic plutons are often strongly peraluminous.
The depositional environment is faults and shear zones, epizonal
fractures adjacent to or within the margins of epizonal granitic
plutons.

*Sn quartz veins (Rudny Gory or Replacement Sn) (Kosygin and Kulish,
1984; W.D. Sinclair and R.V. Kirkham in Eckstrand, 1984; B.L. Reed in
Cox and Singer, 1986; Lugov, 1986)*

This deposit type consists of simple and complex infilling and
replacement veins, vein systems, and stockworks that occur in the apices
of collisional mesozonal and hypabyssal granitoid plutons, and above
granitic domes. The host rocks are commonly metamorphosed shale,
sandstone, and sometimes carbonate rocks. This deposit type is commonly
associated with multiple intrusions of biotite, two-mica, alkalic,
alaskite granites. Granite, pegmatite and aplite dikes are common.
Volatiles are dominated by fluorine, and boron content of granites is
low. The deposits tend to occur within or above the apices of granitic
cusps and ridges. The deposit minerals are cassiterite, wolframite,
albite, muscovite, topaz, fluorite, arsenopyrite and löllingite. Less
common are potassium feldspar, tourmaline, beryl, scheelite,
molybdenite, Ta-Ni-minerals, Bi-minerals, pyrrhotite, sphalerite,
galena, and chalcopyrite. Complex Sn-W ores are dominate. Quartz is the
dominant gangue mineral. The dominant wall rock alteration is formation
of greisen. The deposit type is associated with Sn-greisen and Sn-skarn,
wolframite-quartz veins, and U and F deposits.

*Sn silicate-sulfide veins (Cornish type) (Kosygin and Kulish, 1984;
W.D. Sinclair and R.V. Kirkham in Eckstrand, 1984; Lugov, 1986; B.L.
Reed in Cox and Singer, 1986)*

This deposit type consists of fissure veins, mineralized zones,
stockworks, and pipe-like bodies related to multiple granitoid plutons,
and to isolated small intrusions of gabbro-diorite, quartz diorite, and
potassic alaskite granites. Late-stage tourmaline-bearing granites and
pegmatites also occur. The deposit type commonly occurs in late orogenic
to post-orogenic settings. Sn mineralization is commonly
fault-controlled, and occurs near and above intrusive rocks. The deposit
minerals are mainly tourmaline, chlorite, and quartz, with lesser
cassiterite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite,
arsenopyrite, wolframite, scheelite, bismuthinite, axinite, fluorite,
muscovite, sericite, stannite, sulfostannates, Pb-, Sb-, Cu- and
Ag-sulfosalts, gold, silver, stibnite, calcite, and clay minerals.
Alteration minerals are tourmaline, muscovite, quartz, and chlorite. The
deposit type includes tourmaline and chlorite subtypes. The upper and
lower portions of ore vein systems are dominated by sulfides, and
silicates and quartz, respectively.

*Sn polymetallic veins (Southern Bolivian type) (Lugov, 1986; Yukio
Togashi in Cox and Singer, 1986)*

This deposit type consists of cassiterite and associated minerals in
veins, stockworks, mineralized zones and breccia pipes. The deposits are
controlled by sets of regional faults and fractures in subvolcanic and
volcanic structures. Associated igneous rocks are hypabyssal and
subvolcanic diorite, granodiorite, and hypabyssal-andesite intrusions,
and felsic, intermediate, and mafic dikes. The deposit minerals are
cassiterite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, stannite, sphalerite, galena,
chalcopyrite, wolframite, tetrahedrite, tennantite, Bi-minerals,
sulfostannates, arsenopyrite, Pb-, Au-, and Sb- sulfosalts, with
subordinate quartz, Mn-Fe carbonate minerals, sericite, and kaolinite.
Tourmaline and chlorite may also occur. This deposit type may also
include Sn-Ag deposits containing freibergite, pyrargyrite, polybasite,
andorite, stephanite, argentite, argyrodite, canfieldite and others. The
principal wall-rock alterations are sericite, chlorite, quartz,
kaolinite, and alunite. The deposit type is associated with
Sn-silicate-sulfide and Ag polymetallic vein, rhyolite-hosted Sn,
porphyry Sn, and Au-Ag epithermal vein deposits. The depositional
environment is fissures in and around felsic, continental marginal
volcanic arcs. Mineralization occurs in volcanic rocks above intrusions,
but may be far-removed from granitic rocks.

*Co-arsenide polymetallic veins (Borisenko and others, 1984; (R.A.
Eremin and V.I. Shpikerman, this study)*

This deposit type consists of quartz-tourmaline and quartz-chlorite
veins containing Co, As, Bi, and Ag and Au minerals. The veins are
associated with hypabyssal intrusions varying from diorite to granite,
and widespread albitized granite-porphyry dikes. Mineralization occurs
in: (1) fractures and in brecciated zones in siltstone, shale, and
sandstone; (2) contact metamorphic aureoles around intrusions or, more
seldom, in intrusions; and (3) sometimes greisen and skarn. The deposits
are often confined to cross-faults. The deposit minerals are
arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, löllingite, cobaltite, skutterudite,
smaltite, glaucodot, chloantite, bismuthinite, and Au-, Ag-, Pb-, and
Bi-tellurides and selenides. Vein gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite,
tourmaline, calcite, fluorite, and adularia.

*Carbonatite-related Ta, Nb, REE stockwork and vein (Smirnov, 1982;
Dawson and Curie, 1984)*

This deposit type consists of stockworks, metasomatic veins, and lenses
with various Ta-Nb and REE minerals. The ore minerals include
pyrochlore, betafite, bastnasite, parisite, monazite, columbite,
chevkinite, yttrialite, melanocerite, yttrotitanite, hydrothorite, and
zircon. Ore mineralization is often associated with alkaline metasomatic
rocks (fenite) that alter alkaline granite and syenite. The stockworks,
vein, and lenses are associated with alkaline igneous complexes that
presumably include carbonatite at depth. The igneous complexes include
large zoned batholiths, zoned stocks, alkalic dikes series, and
carbonate veins. The zoned batholiths and stocks generally contain two
or more of the following lithologies: pyroxenite, gabbro, urtites,
ijolite, foyaite, nephelinite, alkaline syenite, granite, and various
carbonatites. Zonation commonly consists of carbonatites in the center,
medial zones of ultramafic rocks, and peripheral zones of ijolite and
nepheline syenite. Locally the zonation sequence may be reversed or more
complex. The carbonatites generally consist of various assemblages of
augite-diopside-calcite, forsterite-calcite, aegirine-dolomite,
aegirine-ankerite, calcite, ankerite, and other minerals. This type of
deposit is interpreted as having formed during craton rifting, or within
terranes that formed by rifting of cratons.

Deposits Related to Calc-Alkaline and Alkaline

Granitic Intrusions - Skarns and Greisens

*Cu (±Fe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn (contact metasomatic) (D.P. Cox and T.G.
Theodore in Cox and Singer, 1986)*

This deposit type consists of chalcopyrite, magnetite, and pyrrhotite in
calc-silicate skarns that replace carbonate rocks along intrusive
contacts with plutons ranging in composition from quartz diorite to
granite, and from diorite to syenite. Zn-Pb-rich skarns tend to occur
farther from the intrusion; Cu- and Au-rich skarns tend to occur closer
to the intrusion. Associated minerals are pyrite, hematite, galena,
molybdenite, sphalerite, and scheelite. Mineralization is multistage,
with several stages of mineral deposition. The deposit type is commonly
associated with porphyry Cu-Mo deposits. The depositional environment is
mainly calcareous sedimentary sequences intruded by felsic to
intermediate granitic plutons.

*Zn-Pb (±Ag, Cu, W) skarn (contact metasomatic) and associated Manto
replacement deposits (D.P. Cox in Cox and Singer, 1986)*

This deposit type consists of sphalerite and galena in calc-silicate
skarns that replace carbonate rocks along intrusive contacts with
plutons varying in composition from quartz diorite to granite, and from
diorite to syenite. Zn-Pb-rich skarns tend to occur farther from the
intrusion relative to Cu- and Au-rich skarns. Associated minerals are
pyrite, chalcopyrite, hematite, magnetite, bornite, arsenopyrite, and
pyrrhotite. Metasomatic replacements consist of a wide variety of
calc-silicate and related minerals. In the Russian Far East, the deposit
type generally occurs at a considerable distance from source granitic
intrusions, at the contacts of limestones with siltstones and felsic
volcanic rocks. Ore bodies are rather narrow, but may extend down dip to
1 km. The deposits are controlled by ring faults around
volcanic-tectonic depressions. The depositional environment is mainly
calcareous sedimentary sequences intruded by felsic to intermediate
granitic plutons.

***Au, Co, and As skarn (Nekrasov and Gamyanin, 1962; Bakharev and
others, 1988; N.A. Goryachev, this study)***

This deposit type forms along the contacts between siltstone and marble
beds during contact metamorphism near intrusions of granodiorite and
granite. The skarn is typically composed of pyroxene,
grossularite-andradite garnet, and lesser axinite and scapolite. The ore
bodies consist of small masses of sulfoarsenides and arsenides along
with gersdorffite, arsenopyrite, lollingite, and cobaltite. Native gold
occurs in association with bismuth and Te-minerals, including native
bismuth, joseites, hedlyite, and bismuthine. Gold grade ranges up to 20
g/t; size is usually less than 0.1 mm, and fineness ranges from 640 to
999.

***W skarn and greisen (adapted from D.P. Cox in Cox and Singer,
1986)***

This deposit type consists of scheelite in calc-silicate skarns that
replace carbonate rocks along or near intrusive contacts of quartz
diorite to granite plutons. Associated minerals are molybdenite,
pyrrhotite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite, and magnetite.
Metasomatic replacements consist of a wide variety of calc-silicate and
related minerals. In the Russian Far East, scheelite typically occurs in
quartz-topaz and quartz-mica greisen that formed during replacement of
older skarns. The depositional environment is along contacts and in roof
pendants in batholiths, and in contact metamorphic aureoles of stocks
that intrude carbonate rocks.

***Fe (±Au, Cu, W, Sn) skarn (D.P. Cox in Cox and Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists of magnetite and (or) Fe sulfides in
calc-silicate skarn that replace carbonate rocks or calcareous clastic
rocks along intrusive contacts with diorite, granodiorite, granite, and
coeval volcanic rocks. The chief associated mineral is chalcopyrite.
Metasomatic replacements consist of a wide variety of calc-silicate and
related minerals. The depositional environment is calcareous sedimentary
sequences intruded by granitic or siliceous volcanic stocks.

***Sn greisen and skarn (B.L. Reed in Cox and Singer, 1986)***

These two deposit types commonly occur in the same area, and may grade
into one another. The Sn greisen deposit type consists of disseminated
cassiterite, cassiterite-bearing veinlets, and Sn sulfosalts in
stockworks, lenses, pipes, and breccia in granite altered to greisen,
mainly biotite and (or) muscovite leucogranite emplaced in a mesozonal
to deep volcanic environment. Sn greisens are generally postmagmatic and
are associated with late-stage, fractionated granitic magmas. Associated
minerals include molybdenite, arsenopyrite, beryl, scheelite, and
wolframite. Alteration minerals consist of incipient to massive
replacement by quartz, muscovite, tourmaline, and fluorite.

The Sn skarn deposit type consists of Sn, W, and Be minerals in skarns,
veins, stockworks, and greisen near intrusive contacts between generally
epizonal(?) granitic plutons and limestone. The deposit minerals include
cassiterite, sometimes with scheelite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite,
pyrrhotite, magnetite, and fluorite. Alteration consists of greisen near
granite margins, and metasomatic andradite, idocrase, amphibole,
chlorite, chrysoberyl, and mica in skarn.

*Sn-B (Fe) Skarn (Ludwigtite type) (Lisitsin, 1984; V.I. Shpikerman,
this study)*

This deposit consists of metasomatic replacement of dolomite by mainly
ludwigite and magnetite adjacent to granitic plutons thereby forming
Sn-B (Fe) magnesium skarn deposits. Ludwigite forms up to 70 to 80
percent of some ore bodies, and Sn occurs as an isomorphic admixture in
ludwigite. Other minerals in the magnesian skarns include magnetite,
suanit (Mg~2~B~5~O), ascharite, kotoite, datolite, harkerite,
monticellite, fluroborite, clinohumite, calcite, periclase, forsterite,
diopside, vesuvianite, brucite, garnet, axinite, phlogopite, serpentine,
spinel, and talc. Interlayered limestone is metasomatically replaced by
pyroxene-garnet-calcite skarn that is commonly altered to greisen
thereby forming Sn skarn composed of cassiterite, scheelite, pyrrhotite,
arsenopyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and lšllingite. The magnesium
and associated calcic skarn ore bodies generally form near highly
irregular (convoluted) contacts of granite plutons, and in large
xenoliths of carbonate rocks. Most granitic rocks associated with these
deposits are interpreted as having formed in collision environments.

*Boron skarn (datolite type) (Nosenko and others, 1990; Ratkin, and
others, 1992; Ratkin and Watson, 1993)*

This deposit type consists of a boron skarn composed of danburite and
datolite that is associated with garnet-hedenbergite-wollastonite skarn.
The boron-bearing skarn is interpreted as having formed during
successive metasomatic replacement of limestone with silicates
(wollastonite, grossularite-andradite, and hedenbergite) and
subsequently by borosilicates (danburite, datolite, and axinite),
quartz, and calcite. The deposit is characterized by thin-banded
wollastonite that forms kidney-shaped aggregates of pyroxene and
datolite that formed the walls of paleohydrothermal cavities in
limestone. The hydrothermal cavities occur to depths of up to 500 m from
the paleosurface, above a zone of a metasomatic wollastonite and
grossularite. The central part of these cavities (0.5 to 50.0 m across)
was filled with danburite druses. Danburite was decomposed after the
second (boron) metasomatic event, and remobilized boron was redeposited
at higher paleogypsometric levels as datolite associated with
garnet-hedenbergite skarn. The origin of neighboring Pb-Zn deposits is
related to these late skarns. Boron isotopic data indicate the source
for boron solutions was a deep-seated granitoid intrusion. The formation
of early grossular-wollastonite skarns, thin-banded wollastonite
aggregates with datolite, and danburite accumulations occurred, by
geological data, at depths, simultaneous to the formation of
postaccretion ignimbrite sequence, overlying the accretionary wedge. The
geologic setting for the deposit is large tectonic lens of limestone,
with lateral dimensions of 0.5 by 2.0 km, in an accretionary wedge
containing a highly-deformed matrix of siltstone and sandstone matrix.
The accretionary wedge is overlain by felsic volcanic rocks. The one
example of this deposit is the large Dalnegorsk B mine in the Russia
Southeast that constitutes the main source of boron in Russia.

***Fluorite greisen (Govorov, 1977)***

The deposit type consists of fine-grained, dark-violet rock composed of
fluorite (63 to 66%) and micaceous minerals, mainly muscovite (25 to
35%), along with lesser ephesite and phlogopite. Subordinate minerals
are (in decreasing order) tourmaline, sellaite, cassiterite, topaz,
sulfides, and quartz. The ore bodies occur as veins and concordant to
limestone layers as lenticular and flame-shape bodies, consist of
apocarbonate greisens. The deposit type occur in limestone intruded by
lithium-fluorine S-type granites. Metasomatic rocks, replacing
limestone, occur at and above the contact with granitic intrusions.
Pegmatoid-type muscovite-quartz veins with
molybdenite-cassiterite-salite, vesuvianite-salite-andradite, and
scapolite skarn also occur near intrusive contacts and are interpreted
as having formed prior the formation of fluorite-mica greisen. Geologic
setting is thick clastic limestone sequences that formed along an active
continental margin. Boron isotopic composition of tourmaline indicate a
primary evaporite source (V. Ratkin, written commun., 1994) suggesting
that deep-seated evaporites in the zone of granitic magma generation
were the source of fluorine. Scarce quartz and the absence of
paragenetic calcite suggest an extremely high activity of fluorine in
silica-poor solutions. The deposit closest to this type in Alaska is at
Lost River. The largest deposit of this type in the southern Far East
Russia is at Voznesenka that constitutes the largest known Russian
fluorspar deposit.

Deposits Related to Calc-Alkaline and Alkaline Granitic Intrusions-

Porphyry and Granitic Plutons-Hosted Deposits

***Porphyry Cu-Mo (Au, Ag) (D.P. Cox in Cox and Singer, 1986; Titley,
1993)***

This deposit type consists of stockwork veinlets and veins of quartz,
chalcopyrite, and molybdenite in or near porphyritic intermediate to
felsic intrusions. The veinlets and veins contain mainly quartz and
carbonate minerals. The intrusions occur mainly in stocks and breccia
pipes that intrude granitic, volcanic, or sedimentary rocks. Associated
minerals are pyrite and peripheral sphalerite, galena, and gold.
Alteration minerals consist of quartz, K-feldspar, and biotite or
chlorite. Most deposits exhibit varying amounts of hypogene alteration,
including sodic, potassic, and phyllic alteration. Alteration is
systematic, but variable between districts. Supergene alteration is a
key factor in the initial discovery of deposits. The host igneous rocks
are felsic and calc-alkalic. Widespread, episodic development of
abundant joints in intrusions and wall rocks. The depositional
environment is high-level intrusive porphyries that are contemporaneous
with abundant dikes, faults, and breccia pipes that formed in the
evolution of andesite stratovolcanoes. The tectonic environment is
mainly weakly to strongly alkalic granitic plutons emplaced in back-arc
settings of subduction zones.

***Porphyry Mo (±W, Sn, Bi) (T.G. Theodore in Cox and Singer, 1986;
Carten and others, 1993)***

The porphyry Mo deposit type consists of quartz-molybdenite stockwork
veinlets in granitic porphyries and adjacent country rock. The
porphyries range in composition from tonalite to granodiorite to
monzogranite. Associated minerals are pyrite, scheelite, chalcopyrite,
and tetrahedrite. Alteration consists of potassic grading outward to
propylitic, sometimes with phyllic and argillic overprints. Deposit type
divided into two associations: (1) high-grade, rift-related deposits
with fluorine-rich, highly evolved rhyolitic stocks that belong to a
high-silica rhyolite-alkalic suite; and (2) low-grade, arc-related
deposits accompanied by fluorine-poor, calc-alkalic stocks or plutons
that belong to a differentiated monzogranite suite. The high-grade,
fluorine-rich deposits are also associated with intraplate alkaline
igneous rocks. The depositional environment for porphyry Mo deposits is
epizonal levels of a thick continental crust.

*Porphyry Sn (B.L. Reed in Cox and Singer, 1986; Evstrakhin, 1988;
Menzie and others, 1992; R.A. Eremin, this study)*

This deposit type consists of mainly cassiterite and associated minerals
in stockworks, veinlets, and disseminations that occur in veins, pipes,
and shoots. The deposit minerals are cassiterite, quartz, pyrrhotite,
pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, stannite,
wolframite, muscovite, chlorite, tourmaline, albite, adularia, siderite,
rhodochrosite, calcite, topaz, fluorite, sulfostannates, and Ag and Bi
minerals. Mineralization occurs in shallow complex multiphase granitic
plutons, granitic porphyry stocks, subvolcanic and volcanic rhyolite
breccias, and also in coeval volcanic rocks and surrounding clastic
rocks. Associated features are magmatic-hydrothermal breccias, and
extensive metasomatic propylitic alteration along with formation of
quartz, tourmaline, sulfide minerals, and sericite. Some deposits
exhibit a quartz-tourmaline core with a peripheral zone of sericite. The
deposit type is often associated with Sn- and Ag-bearing polymetallic
veins. Other features of this deposit type are complex ore composition,
variable mineral composition, extensive development of stockworks,
extensive metasomatic alteration, both veinlet and disseminated. The
depositional environment is mainly volcanic-plutonic igneous arcs formed
on continental crust. For simplicity, this deposit type also includes Sn
deposits that occur in granitic plutonic rocks. This type of
granitoid-hosted Sn deposit may eventually be defined as a new mineral
deposit type.

*Granitoid-related Au (R.I. Thorpe and J.M. Franklin, in Eckstrand,
1984; Sidorov and Rozenblum, 1989; Aksenova, 1990; Gamyanin and
Goryachev, 1990, 1991; Sillitoe, 1993b; N.A. Goryachev, this study)*

This deposit type consists of two subtypes: (1) porphyry Au; and (2)
Au-REE quartz vein. The porphyry Au subtype consists of fissure veins,
en-echelon vein systems, and veinlet-stockwork zones with disseminated
gold and sulfide minerals that occur generally in complex small granitic
intrusions in volcanic-plutonic complexes. The deposit minerals are
native gold, Au-bearing tellurides and sulfide minerals, with accessory
quartz, tourmaline, muscovite, sericite, chlorite, feldspar, carbonate
minerals, and fluorite. Disseminated sulfide minerals in wall rocks,
especially arsenopyrite, are commonly enriched in Au and Ag. Alteration
to greisen is common with formation of quartz, sericite, tourmaline,
chlorite. Plutonic rock composition includes gabbro, diorite,
granodiorite, and granite of both calc-alkalic and sub-alkalic
compositions. The deposits are associated with composite porphyry stocks
of steep, cylindrical form that commonly intrude coeval volcanic piles.
Stocks and associated volcanic rocks range in composition from
low-potassium calc-alkalic through high-potassium calc-alkalic to
potassic alkalic. The deposits may occur as disseminations within
granitic plutons, at apices of plutons, or in contact metamorphic
aureoles. The deposit type displays systematic mineralogy and chemical
environment; and is often associated with polymetallic vein deposits
with disseminated Au-bearing sulfide minerals, Au-bearing epithermal
vein, and porphyry deposits. Advanced argillic alteration is widespread
in shallow parts of deposit. Underlying sericitic alteration is
typically minor. In Alaska and the Canadian Cordillera, the depositional
environment is tentatively interpreted as subduction-related, epizonal
plutons intruded into miogeoclinal sedimentary rocks that in some cases
were regionally metamorphosed and deformed before intrusion.

The Au-REE quartz vein subtype, common in the Russian Northeast,
consists of quartz veins and stockworks that occur in the apical
portions of small granodiorite and granite plutons, and rarely in
contact metamorphosed rocks above the plutons. The quartz veins and
stockworks are dominated by quartz along with muscovite, tourmaline, and
K-feldspar. The main deposit minerals are gold, arsenopyrite and
Co-arsenopyrite, lollingite, wolframite, scheelite, pyrrhotite, and
niccolite. Native gold is associated with bismuth and Bi-Te-minerals.
Au-Ag telluride minerals are scarce. The host rocks exhibit incipient
alteration to greisen with occurrence of quartz, white mica, carbonate
minerals, and chlorite. The quartz veins and stockworks are often
associated with post-contact metamorphic Au-quartz and Sn-W-quartz
veins.

***Felsic plutonic U-REE (Nokleberg and others, 1987)***

This deposit type consists of disseminated uranium minerals, thorium
minerals, and REE-minerals in fissure veins and alkalic granite dikes in
or along the margins of alkalic and peralkalic granitic plutons, or in
granitic plutons, including granite, alkalic granite, granodiorite,
syenite, and monzonite. The deposit minerals include allanite, thorite,
uraninite, bastnaesite, monazite, uranothorianite, and xenotime,
sometimes with galena and fluorite. The depositional environment is
mainly the margins of epizonal to mesozonal granitic plutons.

***W veins (Kosygin and Kulish, 1984; D.P. Cox and W.C. Bagby in Cox and
Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists mainly of massive and disseminated wolframite
and molybdenite in quartz veins. Other deposit minerals are
bismuthinite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, bornite, chalcopyrite,
scheelite, cassiterite, beryl, and fluorite. The veins occur in the
upper level, apices of granitic plutons, including alaskite, and in
peripheral, contact metamorphosed sandstone and shale. Associated
hydrothermal alteration includes formation of greisen, albite, chlorite,
and tourmaline. The depositional environment is tensional fractures in
epizonal granitoid plutons that intruded, and in some cases formed from
anatectic melting of continental crust. The deposit type is sometimes
associated with Sn-W vein, Mo-W vein, and Sn greisen deposits.

**Deposits Related to Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks**

*Zoned mafic-ultramafic Cr-PGE (±Cu, Ni, Au, Co, Ti, or Fe) (Alaskan
PGE) (N.J Page and Floyd Gray in Cox and Singer, 1986)*

This deposit type consists of crosscutting ultramafic to mafic plutons
with approximately concentric zoning that contain chromite, native PGE,
PGE minerals and alloys, and Ti-V magnetite. The deposit minerals
include combinations of chromite, PGE minerals and alloys, pentlandite,
pyrrhotite, Ti-V magnetite, bornite, and chalcopyrite. In most areas of
Alaska, the depositional environment consists of intermediate-level
intrusion of mafic and (or) ultramafic plutons that are interpreted as
the deeper-level magmatic roots to island-arc volcanoes.

*Zoned ultramafic, mafic, felsic, and alkalic PGE-Cr and apatite-Ti
(Marakushev and others, 1990)*

This deposit type consists of veinlets, disseminations, and zones of
hydrothermal metasomatic alteration in dunites associated with
ultramafic to mafic alkalic-potassic intrusions. PGE minerals are
associated with, and are intergrown with chromite and olivine. In
metasomatic zones, where chromium pyroxene occurs, PGE minerals are
intergrown with magnetite, pyroxene, and phlogopite. The major PGE
mineral is ferroplatinum with inclusions of iridosmine. Accessory
sulfide and arsenide minerals also occur, including cooperite,
sperrylite, hollingworthite, konderite, inaglyite, laurite-euclimanite,
and others. In associated pyroxene-hornblende gabbro and pyroxenites
intrusions, apatite-Ti minerals may also occur, including disseminated
apatite, titanomagnetite, ilmenite, and local PGE minerals. Weathered
pyroxenites could be a raw material for vermiculite. The depositional
environment is the intermediate-level intrusion of mafic and (or)
ultramafic plutons that are interpreted as the magmatic roots to
island-arc volcanoes.

*Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe (Kosygin and Kulish, 1984; Force in Cox and
Singer, 1986)*

This deposit type occurs in anorthosite plutons composed of andesine and
andesine-labradorite. The anorthosite plutons are highly-alkalic and are
associated with gabbro, ferrodiorite, syenite, alkalic granite, and
sometimes mangerite that intrude granulite-facies country rocks. The
principal deposit minerals are apatite, titanomagnetite, and ilmenite
that occur either as: (1) disseminations near melanocratic gabbro,
pyroxenites, and dunites along the margins of the anorthosite plutons;
or (2) rich apatite (nelsonite) veins that occur in tectonically weak
zones. Associated minerals are lesser ilmenite and magnetite. The
depositional environment is intrusion into the lower crust under hot,
dry conditions.

*Gabbroic Ni-Cu (synorogenic-synvolcanic; irregular gabbro pipes and
stocks) (N.J Page in Cox and Singer, 1986)*

This deposit type consists of massive lenses, matrix, and disseminated
sulfides in small to medium-size composite mafic and ultramafic
intrusions in metamorphic belts of metasedimentary and metavolcanic
rocks. The deposit minerals include pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and
chalcopyrite, sometimes with pyrite, Ti- or Cr-magnetite, and PGE
minerals and alloys. Accessory Co-minerals also occur in some deposits.
In most areas of Alaska, the depositional environment consists of
post-metamorphic and post-deformational, intermediate-level intrusion of
norite, gabbro-norite, and ultramafic rocks.

***Podiform Cr (J.P. Albers in Cox and Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists of podlike masses of chromite in the
ultramafic parts of ophiolite complexes, locally intensely faulted and
dismembered. The host rock types are mainly dunite and harzburgite,
commonly serpentinized. The depositional environment consists of
magmatic cumulates in elongate magma pockets. Associated minerals are
magnetite and PGE-minerals and alloys.

***Hornblende-Peridotite Cu-Ni (Shcheka and Chubarov, 1987)***

This deposit type consists of pentlandite, Zn-bearing chrome spinel,
pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and bornite that occur in veinlets and as
disseminations in hornblendite-peridotite-norite-diorite intrusions. A
paragenetic sequence of magmatic amphibole, olivine commonly garnet
indicate formation at great depth. The host intrusions are characterized
by graphite and native iron, and subordinate aluminum and magnesium-free
chromite that indicate reducing crystallization conditions. Examples are
the Kvinum, Shanuch, and Kuvalorog deposits in the southern Kamchatka
Peninsula.

***Serpentine-hosted asbestos (N.J Page in Cox and Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists of chrysotile asbestos developed in
stockworks in serpentinized ultramafic rocks. The depositional
environment is usually an ophiolite sequence, sometimes with later
deformation of igneous intrusion. Associated minerals are magnetite,
brucite, talc, and tremolite.

**Deposits Related to Regionally Metamorphosed Rocks**

*Au quartz veins (includes concordant vein, and shear zone Au) (B.R.
Berger in Cox and Singer, 1986)*

This deposit type includes low-sulfide Au quartz vein, turbidite-hosted,
concordant vein, and shear zone Au deposits types and consists of gold
in massive, persistent quartz veins in regionally metamorphosed volcanic
rocks, metamorphosed graywacke, chert, and shale. The veins are
generally late synmetamorphic to postmetamorphic and locally cut
granitic rocks. Associated minerals are minor pyrite, galena,
sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and pyrrhotite. Alteration
minerals include quartz, siderite, albite, and carbonate minerals. The
depositional environment is low-grade metamorphic belts.

***Disseminated Au-sulfide (Maiskoe type) (Sidorov, 1987)***

This deposit type consists of fine-grained, disseminated sulfide
minerals with subordinate veinlets and veins that occur in deformed and
metamorphosed clastic metasedimentary rocks, mainly black shale. Gold
occurs mainly in finely-dispersed sulfide minerals, mainly in acicular
arsenopyrite, and Au-rich pyrite. Other deposit minerals are subordinate
pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, various sulfosalts,
quartz, and stibnite. Quartz-stibnite is the latest-formed assemblage.
The deposits occur at the base of volcanic arcs in orogenic zones, and
are controlled by extensive ductile shear zones, complex folds, and dome
structures. Host rocks generally exhibit greenschist facies
metamorphism. No relation exists between deposit type and granitic
intrusions, except for local dikes. This deposit type may be associated
with epithermal vein, granitoid-related Au, polymetallic vein, and
various Sb and Hg deposits. The deposits type is interpreted to have
formed from deep-seated, reducing, hydrothermal-metamorphic fluids.

***Clastic sediment-hosted Sb-Au (Berger, 1978, 1993)***

This deposit type consists of stibnite and associated minerals that
occur in simple and complex ladder and reticulate veins and veinlets,
sometimes with subconformable disseminations. The main ore minerals are
stibnite, berthierite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, and gold, with subordinate
sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, chalostibite, scheelite,
sphalerite, galena, tetrahedrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, gudmundite,
gersdorffite, native antimony, and native silver. Gangue minerals are
mainly quartz and lesser ankerite, and lesser calcite, dolomite,
siderite, sericite, and gypsum. Wall rocks are altered to varying
combinations of quartz, carbonate, sericite, and pyrite. The host rocks
for this deposit are: (1) Archean greenschist derived from mafic and
ultramafic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks; (2) interbedded
carbonaceous black shale and volcanogenic-clastic rocks; or (3) to a
lesser extent, retrogressively-metamorphosed granitic rocks. The deposit
type occurs mainly in linear zones of folding and mylonites associated
with regional strike-slip faults. Deposit type is associated with
low-grade greenschist facies regional metamorphism; this association
suggests a hydrothermal-metamorphic origin. The depositional environment
is strongly-deformed fold belts developed along the former intracratonic
rift troughs. The deposit type may also be associated with Au-quartz
vein deposits.

***Cu-Ag quartz vein (vein Cu) (Nokleberg and others, 1987)***

This deposit type consists of Cu sulfides and accessory Ag in quartz
veins and disseminations in weakly regionally metamorphosed mafic
igneous rocks, mainly basalt and gabbro, and in lesser andesite and
dacite. The veins are generally late-stage metamorphic. The deposit
minerals include chalcopyrite, bornite, lesser chalcocite, and rare
native copper. Alteration minerals include epidote, chlorite,
actinolite, albite, quartz, and zeolites. The depositional environment
is low-grade metamorphic belts.

*Kennecott Cu (adapted from basaltic Cu deposit type by D.P. Cox in Cox
and Singer, 1986, and from Nokleberg and others, 1987)*

This deposit type consists of Cu-sulfides in large pipes and lenses in
carbonate rocks within a few tens of meters of disconformably underlying
subaerial basalt. Subsequent subaerial erosion of Cu-bearing basalt, and
low-grade regional metamorphism may concentrate Cu-sulfides into pipes
and lenses. The deposit minerals are chalcocite and lesser bornite,
chalcopyrite, other Cu sulfide minerals, and oxidized Cu minerals.
Alteration minerals are sometimes obscured by, or may include,
malachite, azurite, metamorphic chlorite, actinolite, epidote, albite,
quartz, zeolites, and secondary dolomite. The depositional environment
consists of subaerial basalt overlain by mixed shallow marine and
nearshore carbonate sedimentary rocks, including sabkha-facies carbonate
rocks.

**Deposits Related to Surficial Processes: Placer, Paleoplacer, and
Laterite Deposits**

Placer deposits are classified primarily by metals and secondarily by
sedimentary processes. The principal sedimentary processes are fluvial
and glaciofluvial, shoreline, and eluvial or residual. Fluvial and
glaciofluvial deposits form where river velocities lessen at hydraulic
flexures, on the inside of meanders, below rapids and falls, and beneath
boulders. Shoreline deposits form in areas of strandline accumulations
that are caused by shoreline drift, beach storms, wind, and wave
actions. Eluvial and residual deposits form by the mechanical and (or)
chemical disintegration of bedrock in the general absence of the
concentrating force of water.

*Placer and paleoplacer Au (W.E. Yeend in Cox and Singer, 1986)*

This deposit type consists of elemental gold as grains and rarely as
nuggets in gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and their consolidated
equivalents in alluvial, beach, eolian, and rarely in glacial deposits.
The major deposit minerals are gold, sometimes with attached quartz,
magnetite or ilmenite. The depositional environment is high-energy
alluvial where gradients flatten and river velocities lessen as at the
inside of meanders, below rapids and falls, beneath boulders, and in
shoreline areas where the winnowing action of surf causes gold
concentrations found in raised, present, or submerged beaches.

***Placer Sn (Nokleberg and others, 1987)***

This deposit type consists of mainly cassiterite and elemental gold in
grains in gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and their consolidated
equivalents, mainly in alluvial deposits. The depositional environment
is similar to that of placer Au deposits.

***Placer PGE-Au (W.E. Yeend and N.J Page in Cox and Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists of PGE minerals and alloys in grains in
gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and their consolidated equivalents in
alluvial, beach, eolian, and rarely in glacial deposits. In some areas,
placer Au and placer PGE deposits occur together. The major deposit
minerals are Pt-group alloys, Os-Ir alloys, magnetite, chromite, and
ilmenite. The depositional environment is high-energy alluvial where
gradients flatten and river velocities lessen as at the inside of
meanders, below rapids and falls, beneath boulders, and in shoreline
areas where the winnowing action of surf causes PGE and gold
concentrations in raised, present, or submerged beaches.

***Placer Ti (E.R. Force in Cox and Singer, 1986)***

This deposit type consists of ilmenite and other heavy minerals
concentrated by beach processes and enriched by weathering. The hosting
sediment types are medium- to fine-grained sand in dune, beach, and
inlet deposits. The depositional environment is a stable coastal region
receiving sediment from bedrock regions. The major deposit minerals are
low-Fe ilmenite, sometimes with rutile, zircon, and gold.

CLASSIFICATION OF LODE MINERAL DEPOSITS INTO METALLOGENIC BELTS

This study classifies the lode mineral deposits of the Russian Far East,
Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera into metallogenic belts according to
known significant mineral deposits, mineral deposit types, tectonic
setting, and tectonic environment. This classification uses the
following subdivision of deposits, based on tectonic setting: (1)
pre-accretionary deposits that formed early in the geologic history of
each tectono-stratigraphic terrane and are thereby unique to each
terrane; (2) (syn)accretionary deposits that formed during periods of
major structural juxtaposition, regional deformation, and penetrative
deformation that generally occurred during collision of now adjacent
terranes; and (3) post-accretionary deposits that formed late in the
geologic history of groups of terranes, and generally occur in two or
more adjacent terranes. The metallogenic belts defined in this report
are based on the significant deposits of the region which were selected
to be representative of the metallogeny of the region. Other, less
well-defined metallogenic belts may be defined for larger groups of
relatively small mineral deposits.

The major tectonic environments used to characterize metallogenic belts
in this study are: (1) accretionary wedge; (2) continental-margin arc;
(3) continental rift; (4) island arc; (5) metamorphic; (6) oceanic
crust, seamount, and ophiolite; and (7) subduction zone. Definitions of
these environments are provided above. The tectonic classifications of
lode mineral deposits is currently a topic of considerable debate
(Sawkins, 1990); however classification of lode mineral deposits by
mineral deposit types and tectonic environment can be extremely useful.
These classifications can be used for regional mineral exploration and
assessment, for research on the critical or distinguishing
characteristics of metallogenic belts, and for synthesizing of
metallogenic and tectonic models. To describe the metallogenic belts of
the region, the significant lode deposits are classified both according
to mineral deposit type and tectonic environment.

**[EXPLANATION OF TABLES ON SIGNIFICANT LODE DEPOSITS AND PLACER
DISTRICTS]{.smallcaps}**

**Tabular Descriptions for Sizes of Lode Deposits**

Size categories for lode mineral deposits, adapted from Guild (1981),
are listed below. These size categories define the terms *world class,
large, medium, and small*. These size categories are used mainly in the
parts of Table 1 on the lode deposits in the Russian Far East where
specific tonnage and grade data are not yet available. The *small*
category may include occurrences of unknown size. Units are metric tons
of metal or mineral contained, unless otherwise specified.

+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| **Metal**      | **World    | **Large \>** | **Medium    | **\<     |
|                | Class \>** |              | \>**        | Small**  |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
|                |            |              |             |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Antimony       |            | 50,000       | 5,000       |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Barite (BaSO4) |            | 5,000,000    | 50,000      |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Chromium       |            | 1,000,000    | 10,000      |          |
|                |            |              |             |          |
| (Cr2O3)        |            |              |             |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Cobalt         |            | 20,000       | 1,000       |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Copper         | 5 million  | 1,000,000    | 50,000      |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Gold           |            | 500          | 25          |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Iron (ore)     |            | 100,000,000  | 5,000,000   |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Lead           | 5 million  | 1,000,000    | 50,000      |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Magnesium      |            | 10,000,000   | 100,000     |          |
|                |            |              |             |          |
| (MgCO3)        |            |              |             |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Manganese      |            | 10,000,000   | 100,000     |          |
|                |            |              |             |          |
| (tons of 40%   |            |              |             |          |
| Mn)            |            |              |             |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Mercury        |            | 500,000      | 10,000      |          |
|                |            |              |             |          |
| (flasks)       |            |              |             |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Molybdenum     | 500,000    | 200,000      | 5,000       |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Nickel         | 1 million  | 500,000      | 25,000      |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Ni             |            | 100,000      | 1,000       |          |
| obium-Tantalum |            |              |             |          |
| (R205)         |            |              |             |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Platinum group |            | 500          | 25          |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Pyrite (FeS2)  |            | 20,000,000   | 200,000     |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Rare earths    |            | 1,000,000    | 1,000       |          |
| (RE203)        |            |              |             |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Silver         |            | 10,000       | 500         |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Tin            |            | 100,000      | 5,000       |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Titanium       |            | 10,000,000   | 1,000,000   |          |
| (Ti02)         |            |              |             |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Tungsten       | 30,000     | 10,000       | 500         |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Vanadium       | 30,000     | 10,000       | 500         |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+
| Zinc           | 5 million  | 1,000,000    | 50,000      |          |
+----------------+------------+--------------+-------------+----------+

**Descriptions of Headings for Tabular Descriptions for Significant Lode
Deposits and Placer Districts**

*Map Number, Name, Major Metals*

Map number refers to a specific deposit in a given region. Lode deposits
and placer districts are numbered separately within individual quadrants
bounded by integer values of 4° of latitude and 6° of longitude (Sheets
1-7). The quadrants are numbered from west to east, and are lettered
from south to north. A latitude and longitude location is stated for
each deposit in degrees and minutes. Names of lode deposits are derived
from published sources or common usage. In some cases, two deposits are
grouped together and both names are given. In other cases, an alternate
name is given in parentheses. Major metals are the known potentially
valuable metals reported for each deposit, and are listed in order of
decreasing abundance and(or) value, and are shown by standard chemical
symbols.

*Lode Deposit Type*

Type of lode deposit, or lode deposit model is an interpretation that
was made by examining the summary of the deposit and then classifying
the deposit using the deposit models previously described. The type is
queried where insufficient description precludes precise determination.
For a few deposits, either the closest two deposit models are listed, or
else a short description is given in parentheses.

*Summary with References*

The summary is a brief description of the major features of the deposit.
Where known, the major economic minerals, gangue minerals, and the
deposit form are stated. Form of deposit denotes the physical aspect of
a deposit, whether, for example, a vein, disseminated mineral grains, or
masses of minerals. Form is descriptive, and is distinct from genetic
terms such as \"contact metasomatic\" or \"volcanogenic,\" which imply
origin or history. Because lode deposits may be geologically complex, a
deposit may contain more than one form, and certain forms may be
gradational. Where known, estimates of tonnage and grade are listed, or
else the terms small, medium, or large size, and low-, medium-, or
high-grade are used. Tonnages are listed in tonnes (metric tons). Grades
are stated either in percent (%), for abundant metals, or in grams per
tonne (g/t) for scarce and precious metals. In many deposits, the only
available information is on the grade(s) of grab samples. The metric
system (SI) is used for all volume and weight measure­ments. If publicly
known, the length, width, and depth of the deposit are stated.
Additional information on the host rocks and their relation to the
deposit are also stated. Information on extent of underground or surface
workings and on the period of mining or development is given, if known.
Sources of information, stated at the end of each summary, are the
references and oral or written communications used to compile the data
for each deposit. Unpublished data gathered expressly for this report
are indicated by the terms \"written communication\" or \"oral
communication.\"

Tabular Descriptions for Significant Placer Districts

Table headings for deposits in placer districts are described only for
headings differing from those for lode deposits. In Alaska, data are
compiled for only those important districts with over 31,300 g (1,000
oz) gold production, whereas in the Russian Far East, data are compiled
for only large (major) districts. District refers to the name of a group
of geologically and geographically related placer deposits, as derived
from published sources or from general usage. In some cases, two or more
districts are grouped together and both names are given. In other cases,
an alternate name is given in parentheses. Type refers to the placer
deposit type as determined by examining the description of the district
and then classifying using one of the deposit models described above.
Economic and significant heavy minerals are reported for each district,
listed in order of decreasing abundance.

Abbreviations in Tables

Standard chemical symbols: for example, Au, gold; Cu, copper; Fe, iron;
U, uranium

PGE: Platinum-group elements\--minerals and alloys

REE: Rare-earth elements

mm, cm, m, km: millimeter, centimeter, meter, kilometer

g, kg, t: gram, kilogram, metric ton

g/t, g/m3: grams per metric ton, grams per cubic meter

tonne: metric ton

%: percent

sq: square

Conversion Factors for Tables

The following conversion factors were used to convert weight and volume
from U.S. Customary to metric quantities:

1 cubic yard = 0.765 cubic meter

1 troy ounce per short ton = 34.29 grams per metric ton

1 part per million = 1 gram per metric ton

1 pound = 0.454 kilogram

1 troy ounce = 31.10 grams

1 short ton = 0.907 metric ton

1 flask (76.0 pounds mercury) = 34.7 kilograms

**ACKNOWLEDGMENTS**

We thank the many geologists who have worked with us for their valuable
expertise on geology, metallogenesis, and tectonics in various regions
of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera. In
particular we thank J.N. Aleinikoff, Yu.V. Arkhipov, H.C. Berg, R.B.
Blodgett, S.E. Box, D.C. Bradley, D.A. Brew, M.D. Bulgakova, S.G.
Byalobzhesky, J. Decker, Cynthia Dusel-Bacon, H.L. Foster, V.V. Gaiduk,
B.M. Gamble, V.V. Golozubov, D.G. Howell, D.L. Jones, S.M. Karl, S.V.
Kovalenko, W.C. McClelland, E.M. MacKevett, Jr., A.V. Makhinin, M.V.
Martynyuk, M.L. Miller, T.P. Miller, L.Ph. Mishin, E.J. Moll-Stalcup,
J.W.H. Monger, T.E. Moore, L.M. Natapov, S.W. Nelson, B.A. Natal\'in,
V.S. Oxman, S.A. Palandzhyan, I.V. Panchenko, T.L. Pavlis, L.M.
Parfenov, L.I. Popeko, A.V. Prokopiev, J.C. Reed, Jr., D.H. Richter,
S.M. Roeske, N.J. Silberling, T.E. Smith, S.D. Sokolov, A.B. Till, F.F.
TretÕyakov, A.N. Vishnevskiy, I.G. Volkodav, W.K. Wallace, G.R. Winkler,
L.P. Zonenshain, and Yu.P. Zmievsky for their many fruitful discussions.
We also thank Ch.B. Borykayev, the late William R. Greenwood, B.A.
Morgan III, I.Ya. Nekrasov, A.T. Ovenshine, P.P. Hearn, A.A. Sidorov,
T.E. Smith, D.J. Templeman-Kluit, and W.H. White for their encouragement
and support of the project. We thank Russian interpreters Lidiya I.
Kovbas, Tatyana L. Koryakina, Tatyana N. Velikoda, Elena Burak, and
Elena V. Alekseenko for their skill and assistance during long and
complex scientific dialogues, and for translation of complex geologic
descriptions and references. We also thank John C. Balla and Boris B.
Kotylar for their constructive reviews.

**Alphabetical Index for Significant Lode Deposits of the Russian Far
East, Alaska,**

**and the Canadian Cordillera**

  ------------------------- --------- --------------------------- ----------------
  Adanac-Adera (Ruby Creek) O08-04    Porphyry Mo                 Mo, W

  Afanas\'evskoe            N53-21    Au quartz vein              Au

  Aga-Kukan                 R52-04    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Pb, Zn, Cu
                                      and sediment-hosted Cu      

  Agat                      P56-46    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Aginskoe (Aga)            N57-03    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag, Te

  Agranai                   P59-03    Volcanic-hosted Hg          Hg

  Agylki                    Q53-23    W skarn                     W, Cu

  Agyndja                   Q55-03    Basaltic Cu and             Cu
                                      sediment-hosted Cu          

  Aida                      P55-03    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au

  Ainatvetkin               P58-11    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Ag

  Ainsworth District        M11-22    Ag polymetallic vein        Zn, Pb, Ag

  Ajax                      N09-06    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Ak-Altyn                  Q53-07    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au

  Akie                      O10-08    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb, Ag, Ba
                                      Zn-Pb                       

  Alamo                     N09-32    Kuroko massive sulfide(?)   Ag, Au, Cu, Zn

  Alaska Oracle, Gilpatrick P06-38    Au quartz vein              Au

  Alaska-Juneau             O08-13    Au quartz vein              Au

  Aldigych                  P57-16    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Aleshkino                 Q54-03    Au quartz vein              Au

  Aley                      O10-06    Carbonatite-related REE     Nb, Phosphate,
                                                                  REE

  Algaminskoe               O53-07    Carbonate-hosted Zr (Algoma Zr, W
                                      type)                       

  Alice Arm Silver (Dolly   N09-03    Kuroko Zn-Pb-Cu massive     Ag, Pb, Zn
  Varden, North Star, Wolf,           sulfide                     
  Toric)                                                          

  Altaiskoe                 P54-07    Ag polymetallic vein        Pb, Zn, Ag

  Altinskoe                 R54-05    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn

  Alto                      Q07-01    Stratabound Fe              Fe

  Alyaskitovoe              Q54-16    Sn-W greisen                Sn, W

  Alys-Khaya                Q53-15    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Ametistovoe               P58-05    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Anderson Mountain         P06-02    Kuroko massive sulfide?     Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag

  Ann, (Ernie Lake)         Q05-02    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn, Ag
                                      (metamorphosed)             

  Anna-Emeskhin             R52-05    Au quartz vein              Au

  Anniv (OP)                P09-10    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb
                                      Pb-Zn                       

  Anomalnoe                 N57-11    Metamorphic REE(?)          Ta, Nb

  Anomalnoe                 Q52-14    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Anyox Area (Hidden Creek, N09-05    Cyprus massive sulfide      Cu, Ag, Au
  Bonanza)                                                        

  Apex and El Nido          O08-24    Au quartz vein              Au, Ag

  Apollo-Sitka              N04-06    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag, Pb, Zn,
                                                                  Cu

  Aquila                    N04-05    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Aragochan                 R53-07    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn

  Arbatskoe                 R55-02    Co skarn                    Co

  Arctic                    Q04-04    Kuroko massive sulfide      Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag,
                                                                  Au

  Argin                     R53-11    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Ariadnoe                  L53-19    Zoned mafic-ultramafic Ti   Ti

  Arnold prospect           P04-14    Granitoid-related Au        Au,Ag

  Arsenyevsky               L53-31    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Arylakh                   P56-10    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au

  Asachinskoe               N57-18    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag, Se

  Asarco                    P07-04    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Asbestos Mountain         Q04-06    Serpentine-hosted asbestos  Asbestos, jade,
                                                                  asbestos, talc

  Asket                     Q58-03    Porphyry Cu-Mo and          Cu, Mo, Au
                                      Polymetallic vein           

  Askold                    K53-08    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Aurora Creek              Q03-19    Kuroko massive sulfide?     Zn, Pb, Cu, Ba,
                                                                  Ag, Au

  Avan                      R04-01    Podiform Cr                 Cr, PGE

  Avnet (Buzby)             Q05-10    Mn-Ag vein                  Mn, Ag

  Axe (Summers Creek, Axe)  M10-21    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu

  Badran                    Q54-24    Au quartz vein              Au

  Baidakh                   R53-04    Sb-Au vein                  Sb

  Baikal                    L52-02    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Bailey (Pat)              P09-16    W skarn                     W, Cu

  Balaakkalakh,             O54-02    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn
  Diring-Yuryak                                                   

  Balbuk                    Q52-16    Pb polymetallic vein        Pb

  Balykovskoe               K53-09    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Balyktaah, Ploskoe        R56-03    Sn greisen                  Sn

  Bamskoe (Chul\'bango)     N51-01    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Banjo                     P05-08    Polymetallic vein           Au, Ag, Pb, Zn,
                                                                  Sb

  Baran\'evskoe             N57-06    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Barin                     Q02-02    Ag polymetallic vein and    Ag, Zn
                                      replacement                 

  Baryllyelakh              P54-03    Sn greisen                  Sn, W

  Baryllyelakh-Tsentralny   P54-04    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Ag

  Bastion                   P56-09    Sn greisen                  Sn

  Batko                     P55-07    Basaltic Cu                 Cu

  Baultoff, Horsfeld, Carl  P07-09    Porphyry Cu                 Cu
  Creek                                                           

  Bazovskoe                 Q54-19    Au quartz vein              Au

  Bear Mountain             R07-02    Porphyry Mo                 Mo, W

  Bear-Twit                 Q09-02    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Zn, Pb

  Beaver Creek              Q05-12    Polymetallic vein           Ag, Pb, Zn

  Beaver Mountains          P04-21    Porphyry Cu-Au              Cu, Au, Ag

  Bebekan                   Q57-09    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Mo, Cu

  Bedrock Creek             Q06-15    Porphyry Cu(?)              Cu, W, Th

  Bee Creek                 O04-08    Porphyry Cu                 Cu, Au

  Bekkem                    Q54-28    W-Mo-Sn vein and greisen    W

  Belaya Gora               N54-03    Au-Ag epithermal Vein       Au, Ag

  Bell Copper (Newman)      N09-14    Porphyry Cu-Au (Mo)         Cu, Au, Ag

  Bell Moly (Alice Arm)     N09-07    Porphyry Mo                 Mo, W

  Benevskoe                 K53-06    W skarn                     W

  Benson Area (Empire,      M09-03    Cu-Fe skarn                 Cu, Fe
  Coast Copper)                                                   

  Berezitovoe               N51-02    Polymetallic sufide and Au  Zn, Pb, Au, Ag
                                      vein                        

  Bereznyakovskoe           L54-04    Volcanogenic Mn             Mn

  Berezovaya                P59-02    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Berezovogor               Q59-06    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag, Pb

  Berezovska                Q57-04    Polymetallic vein and       Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag
                                      Kuroko massive sulfide      

  Berg                      N09-25    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Bernard Mountain, Dust    P06-25    Podiform Cr                 Cr, PGE
  Mountain                                                        

  Bethlehem-JA              M10-08    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Betyugen                  Q52-04    Sb vein                     Sb

  Bezymyannoe               Q52-13    Ag polymetallic vein        Ag, Pb

  Bichinskoe                N54-06    Sn greisen                  W, Sn

  Big Hurrah                Q03-15    Au quartz vein              Au

  Big Ledge (Pingston       M11-15    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb
  Creek)                              Zn-Pb                       

  Big Onion                 N09-17    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Billyakh                  Q53-03    Au-Sb polymetallic vein     Sb, Au

  Blende (Braine)           Q08-07    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Cu, Pb, Au,
                                      Pb-Zn                       Ag

  Blue Lead, Tibbs Creek,   Q06-24    Polymetallic vein or Sb-Au  Au, Ag, Sb
  Gray Lead                           vein                        

  Bluff                     P07-03    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Bochiyskoe                Q52-08    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Bogatyr                   P55-40    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Bogidenskoe               N53-01    Anorthosite apatite Ti-P    Ti, P

  Bohemia Basin (Yakobi     O08-14    Gabbroic Ni-Cu              Ni, Cu
  Island)                                                         

  Bokan Mountain            N08-03    Felsic plutonic U-REE       U, Th, Be, Nb,
  (Ross-Adams)                                                    Pb, REE

  Bokhapcha                 P56-39    W vein and greisen          W

  Bolshoy Kanyon            P56-06    Sn skarn                    Sn

  Bonanza Creek             Q05-08    W skarn                     W, Ag, Cu

  Bonanza Hills             P05-19    Polymetallic vein and       Ag, Cu, Pb, Au
                                      Porphyry Cu                 

  Borong                    O53-10    Sediment-hosted Cu          Cu

                                                                  

  Boss Mountain             N10-11    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Boulder Creek             P05-11    Sn greisen(?)               Sn
  (Purkeypile)                                                    

  Bowser Creek              P05-17    Pb-Zn skarn                 Ag, Pb, Zn

  Brady Glacier             O08-23    Gabbroic Ni-Cu              Cu, Ni, PGE

  Bralorne, Pioneer (Bridge M10-05    Au-Sb polymetallic vein     Au
  River Area)                                                     

  Brenda (Peachland Area)   M10-23    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Brewery Creek (Loki Gold) Q07-09    Sb-Au vein                  Au

  Brisco Area               M11-14    Ba vein and breccia         Ba, Mg

  Britannia                 M10-19    Kuroko Cu-Zn massive        Cu, Zn
                                      sulfide                     

  Broken Shovel, Iditarod   P04-06    Polymetallic vein           Ag, Pb, Sb

  Brucejack Lake (West      O09-23    Au-Ag polymetallic vein     Au, Ag
  Zone, Shore Zone)                                               

  BT, Jerri Creek           Q05-04    Kuroko massive sulfide      Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag

  Bugdogar                  Q53-18    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Bukhtyanskoe              N54-04    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Bular                     P53-06    Au quartz vein              Au

  Bullion Creek             P07-19    Strataform gypsum           Gypsum

  Bulunga                   P55-25    Pb-Zn-Ag vein or skarn      Pb, Zn, Ag

  Burea River               L54-05    W greisen(?)                W

  Burgachan                 Q53-16    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Burgagylkan               P55-43    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Burgali                   O54-01    Porphyry-Mo (W)             Mo, W

  Burgavli                  Q53-10    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Burguat                   R53-01    Au quartz vein              Au

  Burindinskoe              N51-04    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Burkat                    Q54-09    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Burkhala                  P55-22    Au quartz vein              Au

  Burmatovskoe              L54-02    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Burnaby Iron (Jib)        N09-30    Fe skarn                    Fe

  Butugychag                P55-38    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Candle                    P05-05    Polymetallic vein or        Cu, Pb, Ag
                                      porphyry Cu?                

  Canoe Bay                 N04-02    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Cantung (Canada Tungsten) P09-14    W skarn                     W, Cu

  Canyon Creek              O04-10    Ironstone                   Fe

  Cape Mountain             Q03-03    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Capoose Lake              N10-05    Ag-Au polymetallic vein     Ag

  Cariboo-Barkerville       N10-06    Au quartz vein              Au
  District (Aurum, Mosquito                                       
  Creek, Island Mountain)                                         

  Caribou Mountain, Lower   Q05-07    Podiform Cr                 Cr
  Kanuti River, Holonada                                          

  Carmi Moly                M11-27    Porphyry Mo                 Mo, Cu

  Carpinsky Caldera         M56-01    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Cash, (Klazan, Johnny)    P08-05    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Casino (Patton Hill)      P07-05    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Cassiar (Mount McDame)    O09-05    Serpentine-hosted asbestos  Asbestos, jade

  Castle Island, Kupreanof  O08-17    Bedded barite, kuroko       Ba
  Island                              Ba-Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide 

  Castle Mountain           M11-32    Podiform Cr-Ni              Ni, Cr
  (Mastadon, Mabel)                                               

  Catface                   M10-24    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu

  Cathedral Creek, Braided  O04-06    Polymetallic vein           Cu, As, Zn, Pb
  Creek                                                           

  Cathy ((Bar, Walt, Hess)) P09-04    Sedimentary exhalative Ba   Ba, (Pb, Zn, Ag)

  Chaantal                  Q01-01    Sn quartz vein and Sn       Sn, W
                                      greisen                     

  Chagoyan                  N52-07    Stratiform Pb-Zn            Pb, Zn, Ag

  Chai-Yurya                P55-19    Au quartz vein              Au

  Chalet Mountain           O05-08    Au quartz vein              W, Au, Ag
  (Cornelius Creek)                                               

  Chandalar district        Q06-05    Au quartz vein              Au
  (Mikado, Little Squaw)                                          

  Chechekuyum               Q02-06    Pb-Zn skarn                 Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni

  Chelbanya                 P55-20    Au quartz vein              Au

  Chempura                  O57-03    Volcanic-hosted Hg          Hg

  Chepak                    P56-11    Granitoid-related Au        Au, W, Bi

  Cherninskoe               P56-05    Fe (Cu, Pb, Zn) skarn       Fe

  Chernyshevskoe            L53-38    Korean Zn massive sulfide   Zn, Pb

  Chibagalakh               R54-15    Sn-B skarn                  B, Sn

  Chichigof,                O08-16    Au quartz vein              Au
  Hirst-Chichagof                                                 

  Chicken Mountain (Flat    P04-08    Granitoid-related Au-Ag     Au, As, Hg, Sb,
  District)                           (Cu)                        Cu, Mo

  Chineyveem                Q59-05    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Chip-Loy                  P05-15    Gabbroic Ni-Cu(?)           Ni, Co, Cu

  Chirynai                  P60-01    Podiform Cr                 Cr, PGE

  Chistochina District      P06-22    Porphyry Cu and             Cu, Pb, Ag, Au
                                      polymetallic vein           

  Chistoe                   R54-14    Pb-Zn vein                  Pb, Zn

  Chistoe                   R56-04    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Chochimbal                Q52-10    Polymetallic vein           Au, Ag, Pb

  Chokurdakh                S54-01    Sn silicate tourmaline, Sn  Sn
                                      silicate-sulfide vein       

  Chu Chua                  M10-02    Cyprus massive sulfide      Cu, Zn, Au, Ag

  Churchill (Davis Keays)   O10-01    Cu vein                     Cu

  Churpunnya                R54-01    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Cinnabar Creek            P04-17    Hot-spring Hg               Sb, Hg

  Cinola (Specogna, Babe)   N08-04    Au epithermal vein          Au

  Cirque (Stronsay)         O10-03    Sedimentary exhalative      Pb, Zn, Ag, Ba
                                      Pb-Zn                       

  Cirque, Tolstoi           P04-04    Polymetallic vein and       Cu, Ag, Sn
                                      porphyry Cu                 

  Claim Point               O05-07    Podiform Cr                 Cr

  Clear Creek               Q04-08    Felsic plutonic U           U

  Clear Creek (Gem)         M10-20    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Cleary Summit             Q06-18    Polymetallic vein,          Au, Ag
                                      Au-quartz vein              

  Cliff (Port Valdez)       P06-28    Au quartz vein              Au

  Clinton Creek             Q07-07    Serpentine-hosted asbestos  Asbestos

  Coal Creek                P06-10    Sn greisen(?) and Sn vein   Sn, Ag, W, Zn

  Coates Lake (Redstone)    P09-11    Sediment-hosted Cu          Cu, Ag

  Cobol                     O08-25    Au quartz vein              Au

  Copper Bullion, Rua Cove  P06-40    Besshi massive sulfide      Cu

  Copper Mountain           M10-31    Porphyry Cu-Au              Cu
  (Ingerbelle and others)                                         

  Cottonbelt                M11-04    Sedimentary exhalative      Pb, Zn, Ag
                                      Pb-Zn                       

  Craig (Tara, Nadaleen     P08-03    Ag polymetallic vein        Pb, Zn, Ag, Au
  Mtn)                                                            

  Craigmont                 M10-14    Cu-Fe skarn                 Cu, Fe

  Crevice Creek (McNeil)    O05-04    Cu-Au skarn                 Au, Cu

  Crown-Point, Kenai-Alaska P06-39    Au quartz vein              Au

  Daika Novaya              P55-17    Au quartz vein              Au

  Dalnee                    R54-04    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn

  Dalnegorsk                L53-27    Boron skarn                 B

  Dalnetayozhnoe            L53-16    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Pb, Zn

  Dalny                     Q57-01    Porphyry Cu-Mo and          Cu, Mo, Au
                                      polymetallic vein           

  Daniels Creek, (Bluff)    Q03-16    Au quartz vein              Au, Ag

  Darpir                    Q54-10    Au quartz vein              Au

  Darpir                    Q55-08    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Datsytovoe                P56-02    Porphyry Cu                 Cu, Ag, Bi

  Dawson                    N08-07    Polymetallic vein           Au

  Death Valley              Q03-11    Sediment-hosted U           U

  DeCourcey Mountain        P04-09    Hot-spring Hg               Hg, Sb, As

  Degdekan                  P55-28    Au quartz vein              Au

  Delta District            P06-20    Kuroko massive sulfide      Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag,
                                                                  Au

  Delyuvialnoe              Q53-11    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Democrat (Mitchell Lode)  Q06-23    Granitoid-related gold      Au, Ag, Pb, Sb

  Dempsey Pup               Q06-11    Sb-Au vein or polymetallic  Sb, Au(?)
                                      vein(?)                     

  Denali (Pass Creek)       P06-14    Besshi massive sulfide?     Cu, Ag

  Deputatskoe               R54-08    Sn polymetallic vein(?)     Sn

  Dies                      O54-06    Cu skarn                    Cu

  Dioritovoe                Q01-11    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Dirin-Yuryak              Q54-22    Au quartz vein              Au

  Djaktardakh               R54-09    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Djelgala-Tyellakh         P55-24    Au quartz vein              Au

  Dneprov                   P56-42    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn
                                      and Sn greisen              

  Dogdo                     Q54-02    Volcanic-hosted Hg          Hg

  Dokhsun                   R55-04    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn, Cu

  Donlin Creek              P04-22    Porphyry Au                 Au

  Dorothy                   N09-12    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Dorozhnoe                 P55-14    Au quartz vein              Au

  Draznyaschy, Upryamy      R59-10    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au

  Drenchwater               R04-04    Sedimentary Zn-Pb and (or)  Zn, Pb, Ag
                                      kuroko massive sulfide      

  Driftpile Creek (Saint,   O10-02    Sedimentary exhalative      Pb, Zn, Ba
  Roen)                               Pb-Zn                       

  Druchak                   P57-11    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au

  Duet                      O53-04    Au quartz vein              Au

  Dukat                     P56-18    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au

  Duke Island               N09-37    Zoned mafic-ultramafic      Cr, PGE
                                      Cr-PGE                      

  Duncan Lake Area          M11-17    Sedimentary exhalative      Pb, Zn
                                      Zn-Pb                       

  Dushnoe                   L56-01    Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic vein  Cu, Zn, Pb

  Dvoinoi                   R60-01    Au quartz vein              Au

  Dyabkhanya                Q52-15    Au polymetallic vein        Au, Ag

  Dzhagdag                  O53-13    Basaltic Cu                 Cu

  Dzhalinda                 M52-02    Rhyolite-hosted Sn          Sn

  Dzhalkan                  P53-01    Basaltic Cu                 Cu

  Dzhaninskoe               N53-04    Anorthosite apatite Ti-P    Ti, P

  Dzhaton                   P54-17    Pb-Zn polymetallic vein     Pb, Zn, Ag

  Dzhuotuk                  R53-02    Au quartz vein              Au

  Eagle C3                  Q07-04    Podiform Cr(?)              PGE

  Eagle Creek               Q03-17    Felsic plutonic U           U, Th, REE

  Eaglehead (Eagle)         O09-08    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Eaglet (Quesnel Lake)     N10-09    F vein                      F

  Ear Mountain area,        Q03-02    Sn skarn                    Sn, Cu, Ag, Pb,
  (Winfield)                                                      Zn

  Ebeko                     M57-02    Sulfur-sulfide              S, FeS2

  Ecstall                   N09-23    Kuroko Zn-Pb-Cu massive     Zn, Cu, Au, Pb,
                                      sulfide                     Ag, Fe

  Ege-Khaya                 Q53-01    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Zn

  Egorlyk                   P56-03    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Ekspeditsionnoe           P56-40    Au quartz vein              Au

  Ekug                      Q01-05    Porphyry Sn or Sn greisen   Sn, W

  Ellamar                   P06-31    Besshi massive sulfide      Cu, Au, Ag

  Elmaun                    Q01-09    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Elombal, Yakor            Q58-02    Sb-Au vein?                 Au, As, Sb

  Elveney                   R59-11    Au sulfide disseminated     Au, As

  Emerald-Invincible        M11-38    W skarn                     W. Mo

  Endako                    N10-04    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Enichan-Tolono            R52-07    Au quartz vein              Au

  Enmyvaam                  Q59-02    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Enpylkhkan                Q01-12    Pb-Zn skarn                 Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag

  Equity Silver (Sam        N09-22    Ag polymetallic vein        Ag, Cu
  Goosly)                                                         

  Erel                      Q54-20    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg

  Ergelyakh                 P54-02    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Erickson                  P07-17    Basaltic Cu                 Cu

  Erikag                    Q53-22    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Erikson-Ashby             O08-10    Kuroko Zn-Pb-Ag massive     Ag, Pb, Zn, Au
                                      sulfide and Zn Skarn        

  Erulen                    Q02-04    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Eruttin                   Q01-08    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Eskay Creek-21B Zone      O09-19    Kuroko Zn-Pb-Cu massive     Au, Ag, Pb, Zn,
                                      sulfide                     Cu

  Esotuk Glacier            R06-01    Pb-Zn skarn and fluorite    Pb, Zn, Sn, Cu,
                                      vein                        W

  Ester Dome                Q06-21    Polymetallic vein(?)        Au, Ag

  Etandzha                  O54-08    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Evenskoe                  P57-14    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Ezop                      N53-23    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Faro (Anvil)              P08-08    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb, Ag
                                      Pb-Zn                       

  Fasolnoe                  K53-04    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn

  Festivalnoe               M53-06    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Fidalgo-Alaska, Schlosser P06-33    Besshi massive sulfide(?)   Cu, Zn

  Fish Lake                 P06-15    Gabbroic Ni-Co              Cr, Ni

  Fish Lake                 M10-01    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Au

  Fish River (Big Fish,     R08-01    Stratabound Fe-P            Fe, P, Mn, Gems
  Boundary, Rapid)                                                

  Fog Lake (Pond)           O05-02    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Cu, Ag

  Forgetmenot Pass          N11-01    Stratbound gypsum           Gypsum

  Fort Knox                 Q06-17    Granitoid-related gold      Au, Ag, Mo

  Fortyseven Creek          P04-15    Polymetallic vein(?)        Au, W

  Fox Hills                 P04-19    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Frasergold (Eureka Peak,  N10-10    Au quartz vein              Au
  Kay, Mac)                                                       

  Frost                     Q04-02    Cu-Zn-Pb-Ba vein            Cu, Zn, Pb,
                                                                  barite

  Funter Bay                O08-32    Gabbroic Ni-Cu              Cu, Ni, Co

  Gagaryah                  P05-18    Sedimentary exhalative      Ba
                                      barite (Pb-Zn)              

  Gal-Khaya                 R54-11    Carbonate-hosted Hg         Hg

  Galamskoe                 N53-11    Volcanogenic Fe             Fe

  Galena Creek              R07-03    Polymetallic vein           Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag

  Galimoe                   P56-23    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn, Ag

  Galochka                  Q52-11    Au quartz vein              Au

  Galore Creek (Stikine     O09-15    Porphyry Cu-Au, Cu-Au skarn Cu
  Copper)                                                         

  Gambier Island            M10-18    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Gar                       N52-06    Volcanogenic Fe             Fe

  Gayna River               Q09-01    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Zn, Pb

  Gayumskoe                 N53-02    Anorthosite apatitie Ti-P   Ti, P

  Gerbikanskoe              N53-12    Volcanogenic Fe             Fe

  Geroe Creek               Q06-04    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Gertrude Creek, Griffen,  Q06-07    Sb-Au vein                  Au, Sb
  Ruth Creek                                                      

  Giant Copper (Canam,      M10-29    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo
  A.M.)                                                           

  Giant Nickel (Pride of    M10-28    Gabbroic Ni-Cu              Ni, Cu
  Emory)                                                          

  Gibraltar (Pollyanna,     N10-07    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo
  Granite Mt)                                                     

  Glacier Creek             O08-20    Kuroko massive sulfide      Ba, Cu, Zn

  Glacier Fork              P05-20    Cu-Zn skarn                 Cu, Au

  Glacier Gulch (Hudson Bay N09-16    Porphyry Mo                 Mo
  Mountain)                                                       

  Glinyanoe                 L53-12    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Glukhariny                Q56-05    Au quartz vein              Au

  Gnat Lake Area (June,     O09-09    Porphyry Cu                 Cu
  Stikine)                                                        

  Gold King                 P06-27    Au quartz vein              Au

  Gold Standard (Helm Bay)  N08-14    Au quartz vein              Au

  Golden Horn, Minnie       P04-07    Polymetallic vein or Sb-Au  Au, Ag, Sb, Hg,
  Gulch, Malemute, Iditarod           vein                        W
  (Flat District)                                                 

  Golden Zone               P06-08    Polymetallic vein and Au-Ag Au, Cu, Zn, As,
                                      breccia pipe or Cu-Au       Sb, Ag, Pb
                                      porphyry                    

  Goldstream                N09-34    Au quartz vein              Au, Cu, Pb, Zn

  Goldstream (Pat)          M11-05    Besshi massive sulfice      Cu, Zn, Ag

  Goletsov (Golets)         P56-17    Au quartz vein              Au

  Golovninskoe              K55-01    Sulfur-sulfide.             S, FeS

  Gora Krassnaya            Q60-04    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Mo, Cu, Au

  Gora Sypuchaya            R59-07    Au quartz vein and          Au
                                      Au-sulfide disseminated     

  Gornoe                    Q56-02    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Pb, Zn

  Gornoe Ozero              O53-01    Carbonatite-related REE     REE, Ta, Nb

  Gornostai                 Q59-04    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Goz Creek Area (Barrier   Q08-05    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Zn, Pb
  Reef)                                                           

  Granetnoe                 Q01-06    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Granduc (South Leduc)     O09-25    Besshi massive sulfide      Cu

  Granisle                  N09-15    Porphyry Cu-Au (Mo)         Cu, Au, Ag

  Granite                   P06-36    Au quartz vein              Au

  Granite Mountain          P08-06    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Gravity (BA)              P09-02    Sedimentary exhalative Ba   Ba

  Greens Creek              O08-15    Kuroko Zn-Pb-Cu massive     Ag, Zn, Au, Pb
                                      sulfide                     

  Grisha                    P57-01    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Groundhog Basin           O08-31    Polymetallic vein(?), Sn    Ag, Pb, Zn
                                      granite, Porphyry Mo        

  Guan-Ti (Arkhimed)        P54-20    Porphyry Mo                 Mo, W

  H.B. (Zincton)            M11-36    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb, Ag
                                      Pb-Zn                       

  Haines                    O08-06    Zoned mafic-ultramafic      Fe, Ti
                                      Fe-Ti                       

  Halibut Bay               O05-09    Podiform Cr                 Cr

  Hannum Creek              Q03-08    Metamorphosed sedimentary   Pb, Zn, Ag
                                      exhalative Zn-Pb?           

  Harper Creek              M11-03    Cyprus massive sulfide      Cu, Ag, Au

  Hart River                Q08-02    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Cu, Ag
                                      Zn-Cu-Pb                    

  Hedley Camp (Nickel       M10-32    Au skarn                    Au, Ag
  Plate, Mascot, and                                              
  others)                                                         

  Hi-Mars (Lewis Lake)      M10-35    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Highland Bell             M11-28    Ag polymetallic vein        Ag, Pb, Zn
  (Beaverdell)                                                    

  Highmont (Gnawed          M10-11    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo
  Mountain)                                                       

  Homestake (Squaam Bay)    M11-07    Kuroko Zn-Pb-Cu massive     Ag, Pb, Zn, Au,
                                      sulfide                     Cu, Ba

  Hopkins (Giltana)         P08-12    Cu skarn                    Cu

  Hot Springs Dome          Q05-11    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Ag, Zn, Au

  Howards Pass (XY)         P09-12    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb
                                      Pb-Zn                       

  Huckleberry               N09-27    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Hudson Cinnabar           Q06-08    Hg quartz vein              Hg

  Ichatkin                  R58-01    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Igumen                    P55-37    Au quartz vein              Au

  Ikrimun                   O55-01    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Ilin-Tas                  Q53-14    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Illinois Creek            Q04-12    Manto-replacement deposit   Cu, Ag, Au, Pb,
                                      (polymetallic Pn-Zn, Au)    Zn

  Imnekan                   Q53-19    Sb vein                     Sb

  Imtachan                  P54-08    Sn polymetallic vein        Pb, Zn, Sn

  Imtachan                  Q54-11    Au quartz vein              Au

  Imtandzha                 Q52-09    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  In\' River                M54-02    Volcanic-hosted Hg          W, Hg, Cu

  Independence              P04-05    Porphyry Au                 Au

  Independence              Q03-09    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Ag

  Indian Mountain and       Q05-14    Porphyry Cu-Au              Cu, Au
  Purcell Mountain                                                

  Ingagli                   N53-18    Au quartz vein              Au

  Innakh                    Q57-02    Polymetallic vein and       Cu, Mo, Au
                                      Porphyry Cu-Mo              

  Inskoe                    M54-07    Volcanic-hosted Hg          Hg

  Ippatinskoe               M53-01    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Ir-Nimiiskoe-1            N53-08    Volcanogenic Mn             Mn

  Ir-Nimiiskoe-2            N53-07    Sedimentary phosphorite     P

  Irbychan                  P57-12    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Ircha                     P56-36    Porphyry Sn                 Sn, Ag

  Irgunei                   Q58-10    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Iron Mask Area (Afton,    M10-12    Porphyry Cu-Au              Cu
  Ajax)                                                           

  Iserdek                   Q52-03    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg

  Island Copper (Rupert     M09-02    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo, Au
  Inlet)                                                          

  It-Yuryak                 P54-12    W vein, Sn (W)-quartz vein  W

  Itchayvayam               P59-12    Volcanogenic Mn             Mn

  Itmatinskoe               N53-14    Volcanogenic Fe             Fe

  Iultin                    Q01-02    Sn-W polymetallic vein and  Sn, W
                                      greisen                     

  Ivolga                    P58-08    Epithermal vein             Ag, Sn

  Iyikrok Mountain          Q03-01    Podiform Cr                 Cr

  JC (Viola)                P09-21    Sn skarn                    Sn

  Jedway (Magnet, Jessie)   N09-31    Fe skarn                    Fe

  Jeff (Naomi, Baroid)      P09-01    Sedimentary exhalative Ba   Ba

  Jersey                    M11-39    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb, Ag
                                      Pb-Zn                       

  Jim-Montana               Q06-01    Cu-Zn skarn                 Cu, Zn, Ag, Pb

  Johnson Prospect          P05-25    Kuroko massive sulfide      Au, Zn, Cu, Pb

  Jordan River (Sunro)      M10-34    Gabbroic Cu                 Cu, Ag, Au

  Jualin                    O08-08    Au quartz vein              Au

  Julietta                  P56-56    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Jumbo district            N08-09    Cu-Au skarn                 Fe, Ag, Au, Cu,
                                                                  Mo

  June Creek (Baldwin,      P09-03    Sediment-hosted Cu          Cu, Ag
  Shell)                                                          

  Kafen                     L53-02    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Kagati Lake               O04-01    Sb-Hg vein                  Sb, Hg

  Kaiyuh Hills (Yuki River) Q04-13    Podiform Cr                 Cr

  Kamenistoe                P56-29    Au quartz vein              Au

  Kamenushinskoe            N52-05    Cu massive sulfide          Cu, FeS

  Kandidatskoe              R55-03    Au skarn                    Au, Co, As

  Kandychan                 P56-51    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Ag

  Kanelyveen                R58-02    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Kapral                    M53-05    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Karagin group             O58-01    Gabbroic Cu                 Cu, Zn, Au, Pt,
                                                                  Ni, Co

  Karalveem                 R58-05    Au quartz vein              Au

  Karamken                  P56-55    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Kasaan Peninsula (Mount   N08-02    Cu-Fe skarn                 Cu, Fe
  Andrew)                                                         

  Kasna Creek               P05-23    Cu-Fe skarn                 Cu
  (Kontrashibuna)                                                 

  Katenskoe                 L53-03    Zoned mafic-ultramafic Ti   Ti

  Kathleen-Margaret         P06-17    Cu-Ag quartz vein           Cu, Ag, Au

  Kawisgag (Ivanof)         N04-01    Porphyry Cu and (or)        Cu, Mo, Au
                                      polymetallic vein           

  Kegali                    P57-08    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Kekur                     R59-01    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Kemess (Kemess N., Kemess O09-16    Porphyry Cu-Au              Cu, Au
  S.)                                                             

  Kemuk Mountain            O04-02    Zoned mafic-ultramafic      Fe, Ti, PGE

  Kennecott District        P07-13    Kennecott Cu                Cu, Ag

  Kennedy Lake (Brynnor)    M10-25    Fe skarn                    Fe

  Keno Hill (Galena Hill)   P08-01    Ag polymetallic vein        Ag, Pb, Zn, Cd

  Kensington                O08-08    Au quartz vein              Au

  Kere-Yuryak               Q53-12    Sn-W greisen                Sn, W

  Kerr (Main Zone)          O09-21    Porphyry Cu-Au              Cu, Au, Ag

  Kester                    Q53-05    Sn greisen                  Sn, Ta, Nb, Li

  Ketchem Dome              Q06-14    Sn greisen                  Sn

  Khaardak                  P54-16    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Khakandya                 P56-47    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Khakandzhinskoe           P54-24    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag
  (Khakandzha)                                                    

  Khamna                    O53-05    Carbonatite-related REE     REE, Nb

  Khangalass                Q55-06    Au quartz vein              Au

  Khaptagai-Khaya           Q54-13    Au quartz vein              Au

  Kharan                    P55-29    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Kharga                    N53-20    Au quartz vein              Au

  Khataren-Industrial       P56-20    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Khatynnakh-Sala           R54-13    Au quartz vein              Au

  Khayyam                   N08-08    Kuroko massive sulfide      Cu, Au

  Khenikandja               P55-30    Sn silicate-sulfide and Sn  Sn
                                      polymetallic vein           

  Kheta                     P56-43    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Zn, Pb, Cu,
                                                                  Bi, Ag

  Khetagchan                P57-07    Granitoid-related Au        Au, W, Bi

  Khingan                   M52-01    Sn greisen                  Sn

  Kholbolok                 Q52-07    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg

  Khomustak                 R56-01    Sn greisen                  Sn

  Khoron                    P54-13    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Khotoidokh                Q54-04    Kuroko Pb-Zn massive        Pb, Zn, Ag
                                      sulfide                     

                                                                  

  Khoton-Khaya              Q53-04    Sn-polymetallic vein, Sn    Sn
                                      silicate-sulfide vein       

  Khrustal (Khrustalnoe)    P58-09    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Khrustalnoe               L53-32    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Khunkhada                 Q53-21    W-Sn skarn                  W, Sn

  Khuren                    P55-41    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Khvoshchovoe              L53-01    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Kijik River               P05-22    Polymetallic vein and       Cu, Mo
                                      porphyry Cu                 

  Kilokak Creek             O04-04    Polymetallic vein(?)        Pb, Zn

  Kinzhal                   P56-28    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Kirganik                  N57-05    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Au

  Kirovskoe                 N51-03    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Kitkhoi                   N57-15    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag, Zn, Pb

  Kitsault (BC Moly)        N09-09    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Klen                      Q57-03    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Klukwan                   O08-05    Zoned mafic-ultramafic      Fe, PGE, Ti, V
                                      Fe-Ti                       

  Knight Island, Pandora    P06-41    Cyprus massive sulfide      Cu

  Koksharovskoe             L53-30    Zoned mafic-ultramafic Ti   Ti

  Kolkhida                  P56-52    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au, Sn

  Komissarovskoe            L52-01    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag
  (Vorob\'eva plad)                                               

  Kondakovskoe              R55-05    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Pb, Zn

  Kondyor                   O53-11    Zoned mafic-ultramafic      Pt
                                      Cr-PGE                      

  Kontrandya                P55-09    Au quartz vein              Au

  Kootenay River Gypsum     M11-19    Strataform gypsum           Gypsum

  Kopach                    Q56-04    Au quartz vein              Au

  Koshkina                  M57-01    Polymetallic vein           Cu, Zn, Pb

  Kougarok                  Q03-06    Sn greisen with Ta and Nb   Sn, Ta, Nb

  Krasivoe                  O54-05    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Krasnogorskoe             L53-33    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn

  Krasnogorskoe             N57-12    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Mo

  Krassnaya Gora            P60-04    Podiform Cr                 Cr, PGE

  Krassnaya Gorka           P59-08    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg
                                      or hot-spring Hg?           

  Krinichnoe                K53-07    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Krishtofovich Volcano     L55-01    Sulfur-sulfide              S, FeS2

  Krokhalin                 P56-25    Sb-Au vein (simple Sb)      Sb, Au

  Kubaka                    P57-03    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Kuekvun                   R60-06    Granitoid-related Au        Au, Bi, Te, Sn,
                                                                  W

  Kuibiveen                 P59-06    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Mo, Cu, Au

  Kukenei                   R60-03    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Ag

  Kulpolney                 Q58-04    Volcanic-hosted Hg          Hg

  Kumroch                   N57-02    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag, Cu, Pb,
                                                                  Zn

  Kunarev                   P56-04    Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag skarn           Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag

  Kuolanda                  Q52-02    Ag polymetallic vein        Pb, Zn, Ag

  Kuranakh-Sala             P55-10    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Kurpandja                 P53-02    Sediment-hosted Cu          Cu

  Kurumskoe                 N53-13    Volcanogenic Fe             Fe

  Kutcho Creek (Sumac,      O09-11    Kuroko Zn-Pb-Cu massive     Cu, Zn, Pb
  Esso)                               sulfide                     

  Kuvalorog                 N57-14    Hornblendite peridotite     Ni, Cu, Co, Pt
                                      Cu-Ni                       

  Kuy                       O05-03    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag, Cu

  Kuzmichan                 P56-27    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg
                                      or hot-spring Hg?           

  Kvinum                    N57-13    Gabbroic Cu-Ni              Ni, Cu, Co, Au,
                                                                  Pt

  Kyongdei                  R52-02    Sediment-hosted U           U

  Kysylga                   Q53-02    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Kyttamlai                 R59-08    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg, Sb
                                      or hot-spring Hg?           

  Kyuchyuss                 R53-06    Sb-Au-Hg vein               Au, Hg, Sb

  Kyurbelykh                P55-15    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn
                                      and Sn polymetallic vein    

  Lagapskoe                 N53-10    Sedimentary phosphorite     P

  Lalankytap                P59-07    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Mo, Cu

  Lamut                     Q59-11    Volcanic-hosted Hg          Hg

  Langeriiskoe              M54-03    Au quartz vein              Au

  Laryukov                  P56-31    Au quartz vein              Au

  Lassie Lake Area          M11-26    Paleoplacer U               U
  (Blizzard)                                                      

  Lastochka                 Q58-11    Mo greisen and vein         Mo

  Latouche, Beatson         P06-13    Besshi massive sulfide(?)   Cu, Ag, Zn

  Lazo                      P56-07    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Lazo                      Q53-08    Au quartz vein              Au

  Lazurnoe                  L53-39    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Leguil Creek (Letain)     O09-02    Bedded barite               Ba

  Lened (Rudi, Godfrey)     P09-13    W skarn                     W, Cu

  Lenotap                   Q01-03    Au quartz vein              Au

  Lermontovsky              L53-05    W skarn and greisen         W

  Letain (Kutcho Creek)     O09-10    Serpentine-hosted asbestos  Asbestos

  Levo-Dybin                P54-10    Granitoid-related Au        Au, W, Bi

  Liberty Bell              Q06-22    Kuroko massive sulfide(?)   Au, Ag, Cu, Bi
                                      or polymetallic gold vein   

  Lidovskoe                 L53-34    Pb-Zn polymetallic vein     Pb, Zn

  Lik                       R03-01    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb, Ag,
                                      Zn-Pb-barite                Barite

  Lime Peak                 Q06-09    Sn greisen and Sn vein      Sn, Ag, Zn, U, W

  Lime Point                N08-11    Bedded barite               Ba

  Lodestone Mountain Area   M10-30    Zoned mafic-ultramafic Fe-V Fe, V

  Logan                     P09-17    Zn-Ag polymetallic vein     Zn, Ag

  Logtung (Logjam Creek)    P09-22    Porphyry W-Mo               W, Mo

  London and Cape           P07-11    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo, Ag

  Lornex                    M10-10    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Lorraine (Duckling Creek) N10-01    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu

  Loshadinayagriva (Main)   M53-03    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Lost River                Q03-05    Sn-W skarn, Sn greisen,     Sn, W, F, Be
                                      Carbonate-replacement Sn(?) 

  Lower Liard (Gem, Tee,    O09-03    Southeast Missouri Ba-F     F, Ba
  Tam)                                                            

  Lucky Hill, Timberline    P06-23    Au quartz vein              Au, Ag
  Creek                                                           

  Lucky Ship                N09-19    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Lucky Strike (Palmer      P06-37    Au quartz vein              Au
  Creek)                                                          

  Lugun                     O53-06    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Pb, Zn

  Lunnoe                    R60-05    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn, W

  Lussier River (United     M11-25    Strataform gypsum           Gypsum
  Gypsum)                                                         

  Lyapganai                 P59-11    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg, Sb
                                      or hot-spring Hg?           

  Lyglykhtakh               P56-12    Sedimentary Mn              Mn

  Lynn Creek                M10-26    Zn-Pb skarn                 Zn, Pb

  Lyukamskoe                M54-05    Volcanogenic Mn             Mn

  MacKenzie Basin           Q10-01    Stratform salt              Salt

  MacMillan Pass (Tom,      P09-06    Sedimentary exhalative      Pb, Zn, Ag, Ba
  Jason East, Jason Main)             Pb-Zn                       

  MacTung (MacMillan        P09-05    W skarn                     W, Cu
  Tungsten)                                                       

  Maggie (Bonaparte River)  M10-06    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Magnetite Island (Tuxedni P05-24    Fe skarn                    Fe, Ti
  Bay)                                                            

  Maimakanskoe              N53-03    Anorthosite apatite Ti-P    Ti, P

  Maiskoe                   R59-06    Disseminated Au-sulfide     Au, As, Sb, Ag

  Malakhitovoe              L53-04    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Malakhitovoe              N57-09    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Maldyak                   P55-13    Au quartz vein              Au

  Maletoivayam              P58-13    Sulfur-sulfide              S

  Malinovskoe               L53-21    Porphyry Cu                 Cu

  Mallard Duck Bay          O04-07    Porphyry Cu-Mo and(or)      Cu, Mo
                                      polymetallic vein(?)        

  Malomyr                   N52-04    Au quartz vein              Au

  Maltan                    Q54-29    Sb-Au vein                  Au, Sb

  Maltan Stock              P56-41    Granitoid-related Au        Au, Bi, Te

  Maly Ken                  P56-16    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Ag

  Maly Komui                O53-14    Cu skarn                    Cu

                                                                  

  Maly Peledon              Q59-03    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Malyutka                  O53-09    Au quartz vein              Au

  Manganiler                R52-01    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Pb, Zn

  Mississippi Pb, Zn                                              

  Mangazeika                Q52-12    Ag polymetallic vein        Pb, Ag

  Marg                      P08-02    Kuroko Zn-Pb-Cu massive     Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag,
                                      sulfide                     Au

  Margerie Glacier          O08-21    Porphyry Cu and lesser      Cu, Ag, Au
                                      polymetallic vein           

  Marysville                M11-30    Strataform magnesite        Magnesite

  Mastadon (J&L)            M11-10    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb, Au, Ag
                                      Pb-Zn (?)                   

  Matachingai               Q01-07    Silica-carbonate Hg         Hg

  Matt Berry                P09-15    Sedimentary exhalative      Pb, Zn, Ag, Cu,
                                      Pb-Zn                       Sb

  McGinnis Glacier          P06-05    Kuroko massive sulfide      Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag

  McLean Arm district       N08-13    Porphyry Co-Mo              Co, Mo

  McLeod                    P04-01    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  McMillan (Quartz Lake)    P09-19    Pb-Zn skarn and manto       Pb, Zn, Ag

  Mechta                    P56-15    Ag-Pb-Zn vein ,             Ag, Pb, Zn
                                      Polymetallic vein(?)        

  Medfra                    P05-02    Fe skarn                    Fe, Cu, Zn, Au

  Medgora                   Q57-06    Mo-Cu skarn                 Mo, Cu

  Mel (Otter Creek)         P09-20    Sedimentary exhalative      Pb, Zn, Ba
                                      Pb-Zn                       

  Melyul                    Q02-03    Pb-Zn-(Cu)-Ag skarn         Pb, Zn, Ag, (Cu)

  Michigan Creek            Q05-03    Kuroko massive sulfide      As, Au, Ag, Cu,
                                                                  Zn, Pb

  Midas                     P06-30    Besshi massive sulfide(?)   Cu, Ag, Au, Zn

  Midas (Berg Creek)        P07-12    Cu-Au skarn                 Au, Cu, Ag

  Midway (Silver Tip)       O09-01    Pb-Zn-Ag skarn and manto    Ag, Pb, Zn

  Mike                      O04-05    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Milkanskoe                N53-09    Volcanogenic Fe             Fe

  Miller House              Q06-13    Au-As polymetallic vein     Au

  Millie Mack               M11-20    Au-Ag polymetallic vein     Au, Ag

  Mineral King              M11-24    Zn-Pb skarn and manto       Zn, Pb, Ag

  Mineral King (Herman and  P06-35    Au quartz vein              Au
  Eaton)                                                          

  Minto Copper (Def)        P08-04    Porphyry Cu-Au              Cu

  Mirror Harbor             O08-26    Gabbroic Ni-Cu              Ni, Cu

  Misheguk Mountain         R04-02    Podiform Cr                 Cr, PGE

  Miss Molly (Hayes         P05-21    Porphyry Mo                 Mo
  Glacier)                                                        

  Mission Creek, Headwall,  P04-11    Polymetallic vein           Au, Ag, Cu, As
  Louise, and Owhat                                               
  Prospect                                                        

  Mitrei                    Q55-02    Au quartz vein              Au

  Miyaoka, Hayes Glacier    P06-04    Kuroko massive sulfide      Cu, Pb, Zn, Au,
                                                                  Ag

  Mnogovershinnoe           N54-02    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Moinskoe                  M54-11    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Molybdenitovy             P54-19    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Molybdenum Mountain       P04-20    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Monarch, Cub Bear,        Q03-18    Stratabound Fe-Mn           Fe, Mn, F
  American                                                        

  Monarch, Jewel            P06-34    Au quartz vein              Au

  Monarch (Kicking Horse)   M11-11    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Zn, Pb, Ag

  Moonshine                 N08-10    Carbonate-hosted massive    Ag, Pb
                                      sulfide                     

  Moose (Spartan, Racicot)  P09-08    Sedimentary exhalative Ba   Ba

  Mopau                     M54-08    Porphyry Sn                 Sn

  Morrison                  N09-13    Porphyry Cu-Au (Mo)         Cu, Ag, Au

  Mosquito                  P07-01    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Moth Bay                  N09-35    Kuroko massive sulfide      Cu, Zn

  Mount Brussilof (Baymag)  M11-16    Stratabound Mg              Magnesite

  Mount Copeland            M11-08    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Mount Hurst               P04-02    Podiform Cr                 Cr, PGE

  Mount Igikpak and         Q05-01    Polymetallic vein, Au       Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag,
  Arrigetch Peaks                     quartz vein, Sn skarn,      Au, Sn, W, As
                                      Cu-Pb-Zn skarn              

  Mount Milligan            N10-02    Porphyry Cu-Au              Cu, Au

  Mount Ogden (Nan,         O08-12    Porphyry Mo                 Mo
  Moly-Taku)                                                      

  Mount Thomlinson          N09-10    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Moyie (St. Eugene)        M11-41    Ag polymetallic vein        Pb, Ag

  Mramornoe                 R60-09    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Ag

  Mt. Haskin West (Joem,    O09-06    Porphyry Mo-W, Mo skarn     Mo, W
  Rain, Moly Zone)                                                

  Mt. Polley (Cariboo-Bell) N10-08    Porphyry Cu-Au              Cu, Au

  Mt.Sicker Area            M10-33    Kuroko Zn-Pb-Cu massive     Cu, Zn, Ag
  (Lenora-Tyee, Twin J,               sulfide                     
  Lara, Copper Canyon)                                            

  Muddy Lake (Golden Bear,  O08-19    Au quartz vein              Au
  Totem)                                                          

  Muromets                  O53-08    Cu-Mo skarn                 Cu, Mo, W

  Mutnovskoe                N57-17    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag, Cu, Zn,
                                                                  Pb

  Mymlerennet               Q60-03    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Nabesna Glacier and       P07-08    Polymetallic vein(?)        Cu, Zn, Au
  adjacent areas.                                                 

  Nabesna, Rambler          P07-06    Fe-Au skarn                 Au

  Nadezhda                  P56-22    Au quartz vein              Au

  Nadina (Silver Queen)     N09-21    Ag polymetallic vein        Zn, Pb, Ag, Au,
                                                                  Cu

  Nakhtandjin, Lora         O56-03    Porphyry Cu                 Cu

  Nanika (DW, New Nanik)    N09-24    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu

  Natalka                   P55-32    Au quartz vein              Au

  Nelkanskoe                N53-06    Sedimentary phosphorite     P

  Nelson (Glacier Creek)    P07-16    Kennecott Cu                Cu, Ag

  Neptun                    P59-09    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg, Sb, As
                                      or hot-spring Hg?           

  Nesterovskoe              L53-13    Porphyry Cu                 Cu

  Netchen-Khaya             P56-37    Granitoid-related Au        Au, Mo, Bi

  Nevenrekan                P57-17    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Nevskoe                   P56-24    Porphyry Sn                 Sn, W, Se

  Nezhdaninka               P54-14    Au quartz vein              Au, Ag

  Niblack                   N08-12    Kuroko massive sulfide      Cu, Au, Ag

  Nick                      Q08-03    Sedimentary exhalative      Ni, Zn, PGE
                                      Ni-Zn                       

  Nikolaevskoe              L53-28    Pb-Zn Skarn                 Pb, Zn

  Nikolaevskoe, Otkrytoe    R52-03    Au quartz vein              Au

  Nikolai                   P07-14    Cu-Ag quartz vein           Cu, Ag

  Nim, Nimbus, Silver King  P06-09    Polymetallic vein and       Au, Ag, Cu
                                      Porphyry Cu(?)              

  Nimiuktuk                 R04-03    Bedded barite               Barite

  Nivandzha                 P54-21    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn, Ag

  Nixon Fork-Medfra         P05-04    Cu-Au skarn                 Au, Cu, Ag, Bi,
                                                                  Sn, W, Th

  Nizhnee                   K53-02    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Pb, Zn

  Nochnoe                   M54-09    Porphyry Cu                 Cu

  Nome district, Mt. Distin Q03-13    Au quartz vein              Au

  North Bradfield Canal     O09-27    Fe skarn                    Fe, Cu

  North-Shantarskoe         N53-05    Sedimentary phosphorite     P

  Novikovskoe               L54-06    Cyprus massive sulfide(?)   Cu, Zn, Pb

  Novinka                   P54-18    Au quartz vein              Au

  Novoe                     L55-07    Sulfur-sulfide              S, FeS2

  Novoe                     R53-10    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Novy Djagyn               P56-14    Porphyry Sn                 Sn

  Nugget Creek              P07-10    Cu-Ag quartz vein           Cu, Ag

  Nuka Bay District         O05-05    Au quartz vein              Au
  (Nualaska, Lost Creek,                                          
  Alaska Hills)                                                   

  Nunatak (Muir Inlet)      O08-01    Porphyry Mo-Cu              Mo

  Nutekin                   P60-03    Au quartz vein              Au, Hg

  Nyavlenga                 P56-49    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  O.K.                      M10-13    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  O\'Connor River           O08-03    Stratabound gypsum          Gypsum,
                                                                  Anhydrite

  Obyknovennoe              Q57-08    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Odinokoe                  R54-06    Sn greisen                  Sn

  Oganchinskoe              N57-07    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Ohio Creek                P06-06    Sn greisen and Sn vein      Sn

  Oira                      P55-45    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Okhotnichie               P56-33    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Olcha                     Q57-07    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Olgakanskoe               N53-24    Sn greisen                  Sn

  Olyndja                   P57-15    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au

  Olyutor                   P58-12    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg, Sb, As
                                      or hot-spring Hg?           

  Omar                      Q04-01    Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn            Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag,
                                                                  Co

  Omilak area               Q03-12    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Ag, Sb

  Omrelkai                  Q59-01    Volcanic-hosted Hg          Hg, Sb

  Omulev                    Q55-05    Stratabound W               W

  Onello (Lider)            P53-04    Au quartz vein              Au

  Opyt                      P56-01    Cu-Ag quartz vein?          Cu, Au, Pb, Zn,
                                                                  Ag, Au

  Orange Hill, Bond Creek   P07-07    Porphyry Cu-Mo and Cu-Au    Cu, Mo, Au
                                      skarn                       

  Orange Point              O08-07    Kuroko Zn-Pb-Cu massive     Zn, Cu
                                      sulfide                     

  Orlinoe                   P57-13    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Orlovka                   P59-01    Epithermal vein             Au, Zn, Cu, Hg

  Oro (Buc, Mar, Dar, Tang) P09-09    Sedimentary exhalative Ba   Ba

  Oroek                     Q56-06    Sediment-hosted Cu          Cu

  Osennee, Oksa, Usinskoe   O56-01    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Mo, Cu

  Ossolonyn                 P56-38    Sn greisen                  Sn

  Ostrinskoe                M54-06    Silica-carbonate Hg         Hg

  Owl Creek district        M10-07    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Ox Lake                   N09-28    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Ozernoe                   R58-04    Au quartz vein              Au

  Ozernovskoe               O57-02    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag, Te

  Palyan                    R59-05    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg
                                      or hot-spring Hg?           

  Parkhonai                 Q59-10    Sn polymetallic vein and Sn Sn
                                      silicate-sulfide vein       

  Parson                    M11-12    Ba vein                     Ba

  Partin Creek              P06-11    Polymetallic vein or Cu-Ag  Cu, Au, Ag
                                      quartz vein                 

  Partizanskoe (Soviet 2,   L53-26    Pb-Zn skarn                 Pb, Zn
  Svetliy Otvod)                                                  

  Pavel-Chokhchurskoe       R54-02    Sn polymetallic vein and    Sn
                                      greisen                     

  Pavlik                    P55-34    Au quartz vein              Au

  Pebble Copper             O05-01    Porphyry Au-Cu              Au, Cu, Mo

  Pelvuntykoinen            R59-12    Granitoid-related Au        Au, Bi, Te

  Pepenveem                 Q01-10    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Perseverance              Q04-11    Polymetallic vein(?)        Pb, Ag, Sb

  Pervenets                 P59-05    Silica-carbonate Hg         Hg, As, Sb

  Peschanka                 Q58-05    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo, Au

  Phoenix-Greenwood         M11-31    Cu-Au skarn                 Cu, Au, Ag, Fe
  District                                                        

  Pil                       P54-01    Au quartz vein              Au

  Pinchi Lake               N10-03    Silica-carbonate Hg         Hg

  Pioneer                   N52-02    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Plamennoe                 R60-08    Volcanic-hosted Hg          Hg, Sb

  Plastun                   L53-29    Porphyry Cu                 Cu

  Pobeda                    Q56-03    Ironstone                   Fe

  Podgornoe                 P56-19    Au-Co-As vein               Au, Co, Bi, Te,
                                                                  (As)

  Poiskovoe                 N53-15    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Poison Mountain (Copper   M10-04    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo
  Giant)                                                          

  Pokrovskoe                N52-03    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Polaris-Taku (Whitewater) O08-18    Au quartz vein              Au, Ag, Cu, As,
                                                                  Sb

  Polevaya                  R55-06    Au-Ag polymetallic vein     Au, Ag

  Polyarnoe                 R54-07    Sn greisen and vein         Sn, W

  Poplar                    N09-20    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo, Ag

  Porcupine Lake            R06-02    Polymetallic vein(?)        Cu, Zn, Ag, F

  Porozhistoe               K53-11    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Porozhistoe               P55-33    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Potato Mountain           Q03-04    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Prairie Creek (Cadillac)  P10-02    Pb-Zn skarn and manto       Pb, Zn, Ag

  Prasolovskoe              L55-09    Au-Ag epithermal vein.      Au, Ag

  Pravourmiiskoe            M53-02    Sn greisen                  Sn

  Primer (North Zone)       M10-22    Porphyry Cu                 Cu, Fe

  Primorskoe                R56-02    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Prizovoe                  P55-05    Bedded barite               Ba

  Prognoz                   Q53-17    Ag polymetallic vein        Ag, Pb

  Progress                  K53-10    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Prolivnoe                 P55-06    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Pb, Zn

  Promezhutochnoe           R59-09    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Prosperity-Porter Idaho   N09-01    Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic vein  Ag, Pb, Zn

  Purdy                     Q07-08    Au quartz vein              Au

  Pyramid                   N04-03    Porphyry Cu                 Cu, Au

  Pyrkakai                  R59-03    Porphyry Sn                 Sn, W

  Quartz Creek              Q04-10    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn, As, Ag

  Quartz Hill               N09-04    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Quigley Ridge             P05-09    Polymetallic vein           Ag, Au, Pb, Zn

  Rainbow Mountain          P06-19    Porphyry Cu                 Cu, Ag

  Rainy Creek District      P06-18    Cu-Ag skarn                 Cu, Ag, Au

  Ramsay-Rutherford         P06-29    Au quartz vein              Au

  Rat Fork, Sheep Creek     P05-16    Cu-Pb-Zn skarn              Cu, Zn, Pb

  Ray Gulch (Potato Hills,  Q08-06    W skarn                     W
  Mar)                                                            

  Rea Gold (Hilton)         M11-06    Kuroko Zn-Pb-Cu massive     Ag, Pb, Zn, Au,
                                      sulfide                     Cu

  Ready Cash                P06-07    Polymetallic vein(?)        Au, Cu, Pb, Ag,
                                                                  Sn, Zn

  Red Chris (Money)         O09-12    Porphyry Cu-Au              Cu, Au, (Zn, Pb,
                                                                  Mo)

  Red Devil                 P04-12    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg, Sb

  Red Dog                   R03-02    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb, Ag, Ba
                                      Zn-Pb-barite                

  Red Dog                   M09-01    Porphyry Cu                 Cu

  Red Mountain              O05-06    Podiform Cr                 Cr

  Red Mountain              N09-02    Au-Ag polymetallic vein     Au, Ag

  Red Mountain (Bug, Fox,   P08-13    Porphyry Mo                 Mo
  Boswell R.)                                                     

  Red Mountain Moly (Coxey, M11-33    Mo skarn                    Mo
  Novelty, Nevada)                                                

  Red River                 N09-36    Kuroko massive sulfide      Cu, Mo

  Red Rose                  N09-11    W polymetallic vein         W, Au, Cu, Ag

  Redbird                   N09-29    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Redfern L. (Egg, Foo, Be) O10-04    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Zn, Pb

  Reechen                   Q02-05    Fe-Pb-Zn-Sn skarn           Fe, Pb, Zn, Sn

  Reef Ridge                P05-03    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Zn, Pb

  Reeves-MacDonald (Reemac) M11-40    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Zn, Pb, Ag

  Reid Inlet                O08-22    Au quartz vein              Au, Pb

  Reidovskoe                L55-04    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Rex                       O04-03    Porphyry Cu                 Cu, Au

  Rexspar (Birch Island)    M11-02    Felsic plutonic U-REE       U, F, Sr, REE,
                                                                  Th

  Reznikov                  P58-10    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Ag, Au

  Rifovoe                   M57-04    Au-Pb-Zn epithermal vein    Au, Zn, Pb

  Riondel (Blue Bell)       M11-23    Zn-Pb-Ag skarn and manto    Zn, Pb, Ag

  Risby (Cab)               P08-11    W skarn                     W

  River Jordan (King        M11-09    Sedimentary exhalative      Pb, Zn, Ag
  Fissure)                            Zn-Pb                       

  Riverside                 O09-28    Au quartz vein or           Ag, Au, Cu, Pb,
                                      polymetallic vein           W, Zn

  Robb Lake                 O10-05    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Zn, Pb

  Rock Creek                Q03-14    Au quartz vein              Au, Ag, W

  Rodionov                  P55-39    Au quartz vein              Au

  Rodnikovoe                N57-16    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Rogovik                   Q56-07    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au

  Romanzof Mountains        R07-01    Polymetallic vein, Pb-Zn    Pb, Cu, Zn, Mo,
                                      and possibly Sn skarn       Sn, Ag, F

  Roosevelt Creek           Q05-06    Kuroko massive sulfide      Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag,
                                                                  Au

  Rossland (Le Roi, War     M11-34    Au-Ag polymetallic vein     Au, Ag
  Eagle)                                                          

  Roundy Creek              N09-08    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Roy Creek (former Mount   Q06-10    Felsic plutonic U           U, Th
  Prindle)                                                        

  Ruby Creek, (Bornite)     Q04-05    Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn            Cu, Co, Zn, Ag

  Ruddock Creek             M11-01    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb, Ag
                                      Zn-Pb                       

  Rudnikovskoe              L55-08    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn, Pb, Zn

  Russkoe                   M55-01    Podiform Cr                 Cr

  Rusty Mountain (Vera,     Q08-04    Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic vein  Ag, Pb
  Val, Cavey)                                                     

  Rusty Springs (Termuende) Q07-02    Southeast Missouri Zn-Pb-Ag Ag, Zn, Cu

  Rys\'e                    M55-02    Cyprus massive sulfide      Cu, Pb, Zn

  Ryveem                    R60-02    Au quartz vein              Au

  Rzhavy                    Q58-09    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo, Au

  S.Q.E. (Storie, Casmo)    O09-07    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Sa Dena Hes (Mt. Hundere) P09-18    Pb-Zn skarn and manto       Pb, Zn, Ag

  Sagurskoe                 N53-19    Au quartz vein              Au

  Sakyryr                   P54-11    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Zn, CaF2

  Salcha River              Q06-16    W skarn                     W

  Salt Chuck                N08-06    Zoned                       Cu, Pd, Pt, Au
                                      mafic-ultramaficCu-Au-PGE   

  Salyut                    L53-11    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  San Diego Bay             N04-04    Au-Ag epithermal vein(?)    Ag, Au, Cu, Pb,
                                                                  Zn

  Sana                      Q54-27    Au quartz vein              Au

  Sardana                   P53-07    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Pb, Zn

  Sarylakh                  Q54-23    Sb-Au vein                  Au, Sb

  Sawtooth Mountain         Q06-06    Sb-Au vein                  Sb

  Schaft Creek (Liard       O09-13    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo
  Copper)                                                         

  Scrafford                 Q06-20    Sb-Au vein                  Sb, Au

  Sea Level                 N09-33    Au quartz vein              Au, Ag

  Sedanka (Biorka)          N03-01    Polymetallic vein           Zn, Pb, Cu

  Sedoi                     P57-02    Ag-Co arsenide vein and     Ag, Co
                                      Fe-Pb-Cu-Ag-Au skarn        

  Segenyakh                 P53-03    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Pb, Zn, CaF2

  Mississippi Pb, Zn                                              

  Seikimyan                 Q54-26    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg

  Selerikan                 Q54-25    Sb vein                     Sb

  Senduchen                 P54-05    Sb-As vein                  As, Sb

  Seneca (Harrison)         M10-27    Kuroko Zn-Cu-Pb massive     Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag
                                      sulfide                     

  Senon, Utro, Serebryanoe  P55-42    Epithermal vein and         Ag, Au, Sb
                                      volcanic-hosted Sb vein     

  Sentachan                 Q53-09    Sb-Au vein or clastic       Sb
                                      sediment-hosted Sb-Au       

  Sentyabr                  P55-44    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au

  Serb Creek                N09-18    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Serdtse-Kamen             Q02-01    Pb-Zn skarn                 Pb, Zn, Cu, Sn,
                                                                  Ag

  Sergeev                   P58-01    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Sernaya River             L55-05    Au epithermal vein          Au, Zn, Cu

  Serovskoe                 Q59-08    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Serpentine Hot Springs    Q03-07    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn, As, Ag,
                                                                  Au, Sn

  Severny Uy                O53-12    Sediment-hosted Cu          Cu

  Shakh, Zhilny             Q60-06    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Shanuch                   N57-04    Hornblendite peridotite     Ni, Cu, Co, Au,
                                      Cu-Ni                       Pt

  Shcherbakovskoe           K53-03    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn

  Sheep Creek               P06-01    Kuroko massive sulfide?     Zn, Pb, Ag, Sn

  Sheep Creek Area          M11-37    Au-Ag polymetallic vein     Au, Ag, Pb, Zn
  (Kootenay Belle, and                                            
  others)                                                         

  Shell Creek               Q07-06    Ironstone                   Fe

  Shellabarger Pass         P05-12    Besshi massive sulfide      Cu, Ag, Fe, Zn

  Shirokoe                  Q55-01    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Shkolnoe                  P55-35    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Shturm                    P55-16    Au quartz vein              Au

  Shumagin                  N04-07    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Shurykan                  R60-07    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Mo, Cu

  Sigilyakh                 R53-08    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Silbak-Premier (Premier   O09-26    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag, Pb, Zn
  Gold)                                                           

  Silverton District        M11-21    Ag polymetallic vein        Ag, Pb, Zn
  (Sandon, Silver Ridge)                                          

  Singyami                  Q53-20    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg

  Siniktanneyak Mountain    R04-05    Podiform Cr                 Cr, Ni, PGE

  Sischu Creek              P05-01    Felsic plutonic U           U, Th

  Skalistaya                Q60-07    Basaltic Cu                 Cu

  Skalistoe                 K53-01    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Skarn                     P57-06    Fe (ñAu, Cu, W, Sn) skarn   Fe

  Skarnovoe                 P56-50    Pb-Zn-Ag skarn              Zn, Pb, Ag

  Skrytoe                   L53-20    W skarn                     W

  Slate Creek               P06-21    Porphyry Cu(?)              Cu, Ag, Au

  Slate Creek, Eagles Den,  P05-10    Sb-Au vein                  Sb
  Caribou Creek                                                   

  Slate Creek (Fortymile)   Q07-05    Serpentine-hosted asbestos  Asbestos

  Slavyanovskoe             K52-01    As quartz vein              As

  Sleitat                   P04-18    Tin Greisen and Skarn       Sn, Ag, W, As

  Slezovka                  Q56-01    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Pb, Zn

  Smirnovskoe               L53-24    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn, Sn

  Smucker                   Q04-03    Kuroko massive sulfide      Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag

  Snake River (Crest Iron)  Q08-01    Ironstone                   Fe

  Snezhnoe                  P59-10    Zoned mafic-ultramafic      Cr, PGE
                                      Cr-PGE                      

  Snip (Shan)               O09-17    Au-Pb-Zn polymetallic vein  Au

  Snippaker Creek (E & L)   O09-18    Gabbroic Ni-Cu              Ni, Cu

  Snow Gulch-Donlin         P04-10    Sb-Au vein                  Sb, Au, As, Hg

  Snowfields (Sulphurets)   O09-22    Au-Ag polymetallic vein     Au, Ag

  Sof\'ya                   L55-03    Au epithermal vein          Au

  Sokh                      Q54-18    Au quartz vein              Au

  Solkuchan (Khatys)        Q54-14    Sn polymetallic vein        Ag, Sn

  Solnechnoe                M53-04    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Solur                     R53-05    Granitoid-related Au        Au

  Sopka Rudnaya             R60-04    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Soyuz                     K53-05    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au

  Spiridonovskoe            L55-11    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Pb, Zn

  Spiridonych, Teply        P57-19    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Spirit Mountain           P06-26    Gabbroic Ni-Cu              Ni, Cu, Co, Ag

  Spruce Creek              P05-07    Polymetallic vein           Au, Ag, Pb, Zn,
                                                                  Sb

  Sprut                     P58-06    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au

  Sredne-Ichuveem           R59-04    Au quartz vein              Au

  Srednekan                 P56-26    Au quartz vein              Au

  Stakhanov                 P55-12    Au quartz vein              Au

  Stampede                  P05-06    Sb-Au vein                  Sb

  Stepovich Lode            Q06-19    W skarn                     W, Au

  Stibnitovoe               P54-06    Sb vein                     Sb

  Story Creek               R04-06    Pb-Zn-Au-Ag vein            Pb, Zn, Ag, Au

  Sukakpak Mountain         Q06-02    Sb-Au vein                  Au, Sb, Mo

  Sukharikovskie Grebni     N57-01    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Sukhoe                    L54-03    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Sukhoi Creek              M54-10    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Sullivan (Kimberley)      M11-29    Sedimentary exhalative      Pb, Zn, Ag
                                      Pb-Zn                       

  Sulphurets (Gold Zone)    O09-20    Porphyry Cu-Au              Au, Cu

  Sumdum                    O08-29    Kuroko massive sulfide(?)   Ag, Cu, Zn

  Sumdum Chief              O08-30    Au quartz vein              Au, Ag, Cu, Pb,
                                                                  Zn

  Sun, (Picnic Creek)       Q05-05    Kuroko massive sulfide      Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag,
                                                                  Au

  Sustut Copper             O09-24    Basaltic Cu                 Cu

  Sutlahine River Area      O08-11    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo, Ag
  (Thorn, Kay)                                                    

  Suvorov                   P56-44    Rhyolite-hosted Sn          Sn

  Svetlin                   Q58-01    Au quartz vein              Au

  Svetloe                   P56-48    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Svetloe                   R01-02    Sn quartz vein              Sn, W

  Svetloe, Kholodnoe        P55-18    Au quartz vein              Au

  Svetloe, Medvezhje        Q54-08    Sn quartz vein and greisen  Sn, W

  Svetlovskoe               M54-04    Silica-carbonate Hg         Hg

  Svetly                    P53-05    Au quartz vein              Au

  Sweetheart Ridge          O08-28    Kuroko massive sulfide      Ag, Au, Cu, Pb,
                                                                  Zn

  Swim (Sea, SB)            P08-10    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb, Ag
                                      Pb-Zn                       

  Syncha-I & II             Q52-01    Au quartz vein              Au

  Syugyunyakh-Kende         R52-06    Au quartz vein              Au

  Table Mountain            Q06-12    Sn polymetallic vein        Au

  Taboga                    P55-11    Au quartz vein              Au

  Takalkan                  R54-10    Sn greisen                  Sn

  Talalak                   Q54-21    Au quartz vein              Au

  Talaminskoe               N53-22    Sb-Au vein                  Sb, Au

  Talov                     P58-03    Podiform Cr                 Cr

  Tamvatney                 P60-02    Silica-carbonate Hg         Hg, W, As

  Tankist                   P55-36    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Tasu Sound (Wesfrob,      N08-05    Fe skarn                    Fe, Cu
  Tasu, Garnet)                                                   

  Taurus                    P07-02    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Taylor Mountains          P04-16    Hg-Ag epithermal vein(?)    Hg, Au

  Tayozhnoe                 L53-17    Ag epithermal vein          Ag

  Tea (Brock)               P09-07    Sedimentary exhalative Ba   Ba

  Tektonicheskoe            P55-23    Pb-Zn-Ag vein               Pb, Zn, Ag, Sn

  Telekai                   Q60-01    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn
                                      and Sn greisen              

  Teleneut                  Q58-08    Podiform Cr                 Cr, Ni

  Tenkergin                 R01-01    Sn quartz vein              W, Sn

  Terrassnoe                P55-04    Pb-Zn skarn                 Pb, Zn

  Tet\'yaevskoe             L55-02    Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic vein  Cu, Zn, Pb

  Texada Iron               M10-17    Fe skarn                    Fe

  Texada (Vananda, Marble   M10-16    Cu-Au skarn                 Cu, Au, Ag
  Bay, and others)                                                

  Three Castle Mountain     Q07-03    Sedimentary exhalative      Pb, Zn
                                      Pb-Zn                       

  Threeman, Standard Copper P06-32    Cyprus massive sulfide      Cu, Au, Ag

  Tidit                     P56-13    Ag-Pb-Zn vein, Polymetallic Ag, Pb, Zn
                                      vein(?)                     

  Tigrets-Industriya        P55-26    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Ag, Pb, Zn

  Tigrinoe                  L53-08    Sn-W greisen                Sn, W, Ta, Nb,
                                                                  In

  Tikas                     P57-18    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Tikhon                    Q54-06    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au

  Tikhorechen               P58-04    Podiform Cr                 Cr

  Tin Creek                 P05-13    Cu-Pb-Zn skarn              Pb, Zn, Cu

  Tirekhtyak district       R53-03    Sn quartz vein              Sn, W
  (Nagornoe, Podgornoe,                                           
  Poputnoe)                                                       

  Titovskoe                 Q54-01    Sn (B) magnesian skarn      B

  Tokichan                  P55-27    Au quartz vein              Au

  Tokur                     N53-17    Au quartz vein              Au

  Tommot                    R54-12    Carbonatite-related REE     REE, Ta, Nb
                                      (Ta, Nb)                    

  Toodoggone District       O09-14    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag
  (Lawyers)                                                       

  Travka                    Q59-09    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Treadwell                 O08-27    Au quartz vein              Au, Ag, Pb

  Treasure Creek            P06-12    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Mo, Cu

  Trood                     P56-34    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Pb Zn, Ag

  Trout Lake                M11-13    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Tsirkovy                  P58-02    Granitoid-related Au        Au, Ag, Cu, W,
                                                                  Bi

  Tuguchak-1                R55-01    Mo quartz vein              

                            Mo                                    

  Tuguchak-2                R55-01    Granitoid-related Au        Au, W, Bi, Te

  Tulsequah Chief (Big      O08-09    Kuroko Zn-Cu-Pb massive     Zn, Cu, Au, Ag,
  Bull)                               sulfide                     Pb

  Tumannaya                 Q57-10    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Tumannoe                  N57-10    Au quartz vein              Au

  Tumannoe                  Q01-04    Disseminated Au-sulfide     Au, As, Sb

  Tumannoe                  Q54-07    Au quartz vein              Au

  Tungsten Queen            M10-03    Silica-carbonate Hg         Hg
  (Silverquick, Manitou)                                          

  Tunguss                   Q55-07    Au quartz and Sb vein       Au, Sb

  Tuora-Tas                 Q54-17    Au quartz vein              Au

  Tutkhlivayam              O57-01    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag, Cu, Pb,
                                                                  Zn, Te, Cd

  Tyrskoe                   N54-05    Porphyry Cu                 Cu

  Uchui                     Q54-05    Au quartz vein              Au

  Ugryumoe                  P60-05    Kuroko Cu-Zn-Ag massive     Cu, Zn, Pb, Au
                                      sulfide(?)                  

  Ukachilkan                R54-03    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn

  Ulakhan-Egelyakh          Q53-06    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Ulakhan-Sala              R53-09    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Ulkanskoe                 O53-15    Felsic plutonic REE         REE, Be, Zr

  Union Bay (Cleveland      N08-01    Zoned mafic-ultramafic      Fe, V, Ti, Cr,
  Peninsula)                          Cr-PGE                      PGE

  Unnei                     P58-07    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Ag, Au

  Uochat                    P55-01    Carbonate-hosted Hg         Hg

  Upper Kanuti River        Q05-09    Polymetallic or epithermal  Pb, Zn, Ag
                                      vein                        

  Uralskoe                  Q58-07    Volcanic-hosted Hg          Hg, Sb, Au, Ag

  Urui                      O53-03    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Pb, Zn

  Urultun                   P55-02    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Pb, Zn

  Ussuri deposits           L53-18    Ironstone                   Fe

  Ust-Belaya                Q59-07    Podiform Cr                 Cr, PGE

  Utessnoe                  P56-54    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au, Hg

  Utinka                    P56-21    Au quartz vein              Au

  Uzlovoe                   Q53-13    Sb-Au vein or clastic       Au, Sb
                                      sediment-hosted Sb-Au       

  Vaegi                     P59-04    Au quartz vein              Au

  Valentinovskoe            L55-10    Kuroko Cu-Pb-Zn massive     Cu, Pb, Zn
                                      sulfide                     

  Valkumei                  R59-02    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Valley Copper             M10-09    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Valunistoe                Q60-05    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Vangorda Creek (Grum,     P08-09    Sedimentary exhalative      Zn, Pb, Ag
  Firth, DY)                          Pb-Zn                       

  Vechernee                 P57-05    Porphyry Mo-Cu              Mo, Cu

  Verkhne-Khakchan          P55-08    Au quartz vein              Au

  Verkhne-Khatynnakh        P55-21    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Verkhne-Naanchan          R56-05    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn

  Verkhne-Seimchan          P56-08    Co-As vein                  Co, Bi

  Verkhne-Seimkan           P56-53    Co-Bi-As vein               Co, Bi

  Verkhnebidzhanskoe        M52-03    Sn quartz vein              Sn

  Verkhnee Menkeche         P54-09    Ag polymetallic vein        Pb, Zn, Ag

  Verkhnenyotskoe           O54-07    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Verkhnezolotoe            L53-06    Porphyry Cu                 Cu, Sn

  Verkhny-Koargychan        P57-10    Au-Ag Polymetallic vein     Au, Ag, Pb, Zn

  Verkhny-Omolon            P57-09    Ironstone                   Fe

  Vesennee                  Q58-06    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Vesnovka                  Q55-04    Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn            Cu, Pb, Zn, Ge

  Vetrenskoe                P55-31    Au quartz vein              Au

  Vetvisty                  P56-32    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Ag, Au

  Victor, Venus, Evelyn     Q06-03    Porphyry Cu and Cu skarn    Cu, Ag, Mo
  Lee, and Ebo                                                    

  Viking                    O56-04    Porphyry Cu-Mo              Cu, Mo

  Vine                      M11-42    Ag-Au polymetallic vein     Pb, Zn, Ag, Au

  Vinesale Mountain         P04-23    Porphyry Au                 Au

  Vodorazdelnoye            Q60-02    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Von Frank Mountain        P05-26    Porphyry Cu-Ag              Cu, Ag

  Voskhod                   P54-22    Au quartz vein              Au

  Vostok-2                  L53-07    W skarn                     W

  Voznesenka-I              L53-35    Korean Zn massive sulfide   Zn

  Voznesenka-II             L53-36    Fluorite greisen            Fluorite

  Vysokoe                   L55-06    Sulfur-sulfide              S, FeS2

  Vysokogorskoe             L53-25    Sn silicate-sulfide vein    Sn

  Warner Bay (Prospect Bay) O04-09    Porphyry Cu, Polymetallic   Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn
                                      vein                        

  Wasi Lake Area (Suzie,    O10-07    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Pb, Zn, Ag, Ba
  Beveley, Regent)                                                

  Wellgreen                 P07-18    Gabbroic Ni-Cu              Ni, Cu, PGE

  Westmin (Buttle Lake-     M10-15    Kuroko Zn-Cu massive        Zn, Cu, Ag, Au
  Myra, Lynx, H-W, Battle)            sulfide                     

  Westover                  P07-15    Kennecott Cu                Cu, Ag

  Wheeler Creek             Q04-07    Felsic plutonic U           U

  Whit (Whiting Creek)      N09-26    Porphyry Mo-Cu              Mo, Cu

  White Mountain            P05-14    Carbonate-hosted Hg(?)      Hg

  Whitehorse Copper Belt    P08-14    Cu skarn                    Cu, Au, Ag
  (Little Chief, War Eagle,                                       
  and others)                                                     

  Whoopee Creek             R04-07    Zn-Ag-Au vein               Zn, Ag, Au

  Williams Creek            P08-07    Porphyry Cu-Au              Cu

  Willow Creek District     P06-24    Au quartz vein              Au
  (Gold Cord, Independence,                                       
  Thope, and others)                                              

  Win-Won or Cloudy         P04-03    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Ag, Cu
  Mountain                                                        

  Windermere Creek (Western M11-18    Strataform gypsum           Gypsum
  Gypsum)                                                         

  Windy (Balsam, Star,      O09-04    W skarn                     W, Mo
  Kuhn, Dead Goat)                                                

  Windy Craggy (Alsek River O08-02    Cyprus massive sulfide      Cu, Co
  Area)                                                           

  Windy Creek               Q03-10    Porphyry Mo                 Mo

  Wolf Mountain             P04-13    Felsic plutonic U           U, Th, As, Nb,
                                                                  Mo, REE

  Wrigley (Fry Group)       P10-01    Southeast Missouri Pb-Zn    Zn, Pb, Ag

  WTF, Red Mountain         P06-03    Kuroko massive sulfide      Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag,
                                                                  Au

  Yagodnoe                  L54-01    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Yantarnoe                 L53-09    Porphyry Sn                 Sn

  Yapon                     O56-02    Porphyry Cu                 Cu

  Yaroslavskoe              L53-37    Sn greisen                  Sn

  Yasnoe                    M54-01    Silica-carbonate Hg         Hg

  Yassnoe                   R58-03    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg
                                      or hot-spring Hg?           

  Ymir-Erie Creek (Yankee   M11-35    Au-Ag polymetallic vein     Au, Ag
  Girl)                                                           

  Yolochka                  P57-04    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Yugler                    P56-30    Au quartz vein              Au

  Yukhondja                 Q54-12    Au quartz vein              Au

  Yur                       O53-02    Au quartz vein              Au

  Yurievka                  O54-04    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Yuzhno-Khingan            M52-04    Ironstone                   Fe

  Yuzhno-Tominskoe          N54-01    Podiform Cr                 Cr

  Yuzhnoe                   L53-22    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn, Ag

  Yuzhnoe                   R56-06    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn

  Zabytoe                   L53-14    W-Sn greisen                W, Sn, Bi

  Zackly                    P06-16    Cu-Au skarn                 Au, Cu, Ag

  Zaderzhnoe                P54-23    Au quartz vein              Au

  Zagadka                   Q52-05    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg, Sb

  Zane Hill                 Q05-13    Porphyry Cu-Au              Cu, Au

  Zane Hills                Q04-09    Felsic plutonic U           U, Th

  Zaozernoe                 M57-03    Sulfur-sulfide              S, FeS2

  Zarechnoe                 L53-23    Porphyry Cu                 Cu

  Zarnitsa, Kutinskoe       P54-15    Polymetallic vein           Pb, Zn, Ag

  Zatessnoe                 P56-35    Au quartz vein              Au

  Zazubrinskoe              N53-16    Au quartz vein              Au

  Zeballos Iron (Ford)      M09-04    Fe skarn                    Fe

  Zerkalnoe                 P56-45    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag, Bi, Te

  Zet                       Q57-05    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Zhar                      O54-03    Au quartz vein              Au

  Zhdannoe                  Q54-15    Au quartz vein              Au

  Zimnee                    L53-15    Sn polymetallic vein        Sn, Pb, Zn

  Zolotaya Gora             N52-01    Au quartz vein              Au

  Zolotoi                   N57-08    Au-Ag epithermal vein       Au, Ag

  Zolotoi Stream            L52-03    Au quartz vein              Au
  (Sofie-Alekseevskoe)                                            

  Zvezdnoe                  L53-10    Porphyry Sn                 Sn

  Zvezdochka                Q52-06    Clastic sediment-hosted Hg  Hg
  ------------------------- --------- --------------------------- ----------------

**Alphabetical Index for Significant Placer Districts of the Russian Far
East, Alaska,**

**and the Canadian Cordillera**

  ------------------------------- --------- ------------------------ ----------------
  Adychan                         Q53-02    Placer Au                Au

  Aliskerov                       Q58-01    Placer Au                Au

  Allakh-Yun                      P54-01    Placer Au                Au

  Aniak                           P04-04    Placer Au-Hg             Au, Ag, W, Cr,
                                                                     Hg, Pt

  Atlin Camp                      O08-02    Placer Au                Au

  Bayimka                         Q58-03    Placer Au                Au, Ag, Cu, Pt

  Big Bend Camp                   M11-01    Placer Au                Au

  Big Salmon-Teslin               P08-03    Placer Au                Au

  Blagoveshchensk-Svobodnensky    M52-02    Placer Au                Au
  district                                                           

  Bonnifield                      P06-01    Placer Au                Au, Ag, Hg, Pt,
                                                                     Sn, W

  Boundary-Kettle River           M11-05    Placer Au                Au

  Bridge River Camp               M10-01    Placer Au                Au

  Cariboo-Barkerville-Wells       N10-04    Placer Au                Au

  Cariboo-Hixon Camp              N10-03    Placer Au                Au

  Cariboo-Quesnel-Horsefly        N10-05    Placer Au, Pt            Au

  Cassiar Camp                    O09-01    Placer Au                Au

  Chaanay                         Q59-01    Placer Au                Au

  Chandalar                       Q06-01    Placer Au                Au, Sb, Ag, W

  Chisana                         P07-04    Placer Au                Au, Ag

  Chistochina                     P06-04    Placer Au                Au, Pt, W, Cr,
                                                                     Zn, Hg, Pb

  Chokurdak                       S54-01    Placer Sn                Sn

  Circle                          Q06-03    Placer Au                Au, Ag, Sn, Sb,
                                                                     W, Pb, REE, Mo,
                                                                     Hg

  Coquihalla River Camp           M10-05    Placer Au, Pt            Au

  Council (Includes Solomon)      Q03-04    Placer Au                Au, W, Hg, Cu

  Dambuki                         N52-02    Placer Au                Au

  Debin-Orotukan-Srednikan        P56-01    Placer Au                Au

  Delta River                     P06-03    Placer Au                Au

  Dzhagdy                         N52-03    Placer Au                Au

  Eagle                           Q07-01    Placer Au                Au, Ag, Cr, Pt

  Fairbanks                       Q06-04    Placer Au                Au, Sb, W, Sn,
                                                                     Ag , Bi

  Fairhaven (Includes Candle and  Q04-03    Placer Au                Au, Pb, W, Pt,
  Inmachuk)                                                          Ag

  Fortymile                       Q07-02    Placer Au                Au, REE, Pb, Sn,
                                                                     W, Hg

  Fraser River                    M10-02    Placer Au, Pt, Ir        Au

  Goltsovka                       N57-08    Placer Au                Au

  Gonzhinsky (Gonzha)             N51-04    Placer Au                Au

  Goodnews Bay, Bethel            O04-01    Placer PGE-Au            Pt, Au

  Gorelaya River                  P58-05    Placer Au                Au

  Hope                            P06-07    Placer Au                Au, Cu, Sb, Hg,
                                                                     Pb

  Hot Springs                     Q05-05    Placer Au-Sn-Nb          Au, Sn, Cr, REE,
                                                                     Cu, Pb, Ag, Ni,
                                                                     Hg, W, Bi, Nb

  Hughes-Koyukuk                  Q05-03    Placer Au                Au, Cu, Pb, Ag,
                                                                     Sn, Pt, Zn

  Ichuveem                        R59-03    Placer Au, Sn            Au, Sn, W

  Iditarod                        P04-03    Placer Au                Au, Hg, Sb, Sn,
                                                                     W, Cr, REE, Ag

  Il\'inka River                  L54-01    Placer Au                Au

  Innakh                          Q57-02    Placer Au                Au

  Innoko                          P04-01    Placer Au                Au, Ag, Hg, Pt,
                                                                     Sn, W

  Iudumich Creek                  N57-04    Placer Au                Au

  Iultin                          R01-01    Placer Sn, W             Sn, W, (Au)

  Juneau-Admiralty                O08-03    Placer Au                Au

  Kamenisty Creek                 N57-05    Placer Au                Au

  Kameshkovoi-Polovinchik River   N57-07    Placer Au                Au

  Kantishna                       P05-01    Placer Au                Au, Ag, Sb, Pb,
                                                                     W, Mn

  Kedrovy Creek                   P58-02    Placer Au                Au

  Keperveem                       R58-01    Placer Au                Au, W, Sb

  Kerbi                           N53-03    Placer Au                Au

  Khalaktyrskoe                   N57-06    Placer magnetite         Ti, Fe

  Khatynnak-Sala                  R54-02    Placer Au                Au

  Kherpuchinskoe                  N54-03    Placer Au                Au

  Khetachan                       Q57-01    Placer Au                Au

  Kiana                           Q04-01    Placer Au                Au, nephrite

  Kichavayam River                P58-08    Placer Au                Au

  Klondike                        P07-02    Placer Au                Au

  Klotassin-Dawson Range          P08-02    Placer Au                Au

  Kluane                          P07-05    Placer Au                Au

  Kodiak                          O05-01    Placer Au                Au, Ag, Cr, Pt

  Kolchanskoe                     N54-02    Placer Au                Au

  Kondeur                         O53-02    Placer PGE               PGE

  Kougarok                        Q03-02    Placer Au-Sn             Au, Sn, W

  Koyuk                           Q04-04    Placer Au, Pt            Au, Sb, W, Pt,
                                                                     Bi

  Kronotsky Bay                   N57-02    Placer magnetite         Ti, Fe

  Kular                           R53-01    Placer Au                Au

  Kurun-Uryakh                    O53-01    Placer Au                Au

  Kuvet                           R60-03    Placer Au                Au

  Laird River                     P09-01    Placer Au                Au

  Langeriiskoe                    M54-02    Placer Au                Au

  Lardeau-Duncan and Lake-Bugaboo M11-02    Placer Au, U Th, Nb      Au

  Leech River Camp                M10-06    Placer Au                Au

  Malokhingansky (Malokhingan)    M52-03    Placer Au                Au
  district                                                           

  Manson Camp (Omineca)           N10-01    Placer Au                Au

  Marshall                        P04-02    Placer Au                Au, Ag, Pt

  Mayo-McQuesten                  P08-01    Placer Au                Au

  McGrath                         P05-02    Placer Au, Hg            Au, Sn, W, Bi,
                                                                     REE, Hg, Cu, Pb

  Melozitna                       Q05-04    Placer Au                Au, Sn, Pb, Ag,
                                                                     Zn, Cu

  Monashee-Cherry Creek Camp      M11-04    Placer Au                Au

  Moyie-Goat River Camp           M11-08    Placer Au                Au

  Nelchina                        P06-06    Placer Au                Au, Pt, W

  Nizhnenyukzinsky district       O51-01    Placer Au                Au

  Nizina                          P07-06    Placer Au                Au, Ag, Sb, Cu,
                                                                     Pb, Mo

  Noatak                          Q05-01    Placer Au                Au

  Nome                            Q03-03    Placer Au                Au, Ag, W, Sb

  North Thompson-Tranquille       M10-03    Placer Au                Au

  Northern                        R59-01    Placer Sn                Sn

  Oemku                           M54-01    Placer Au                Au

  Okanagan Valley                 M11-03    Placer Au                Au

  Okhotsk                         O54-01    Placer Au                Au

  Oktyabrskoe                     N54-04    Placer Au                Au

  Omrelkai                        Q59-02    Placer Sn                Sn

  Ossora Bay                      O58-01    Placer magnetite         Ti, Fe

  Otrozhen                        Q59-03    Placer Au                Au

  Ozyornaya River                 M57-01    Placer magnetite         Ti, Fe

  Pegtymel                        R60-01    Placer Sn                Sn

  Pend D'Oreille-Sheep Creek      M11-07    Placer Au                Au

  Penyelkhin                      Q01-01    Placer Au                Au

  Perkakay                        R59-02    Placer Sn (Au, W)        Sn, (Au, W)

  Perspektivny Creek,             P58-06    Placer Au                Au
  Kechichma River                                                    

  Polousnensky                    R54-01    Placer Sn                Sn

  Porcupine-Haines                O08-01    Placer Au                Au

  Port Clarence                   Q03-01    Placer Au-Sn             Sn, Au, REE, W,
                                                                     Cr, Pb, Ag, Hg,
                                                                     Pt

  Pravaya, Kondyreva River        P58-03    Placer Au                Au

  Prizhimny Creek, Dobraya River  P59-02    Placer Au                Au

  Rampart                         Q05-06    Placer Au                Au, Ag, Bi, W,
                                                                     Sn

  Rauchan                         R59-04    Placer Au                Au

  Richardson                      Q06-05    Placer Au-Ag             Au, Ag

  Ruby                            Q05-07    Placer Au                Au, Sn, Bi, REE,
                                                                     Pb, W, Pt

  Ryveem                          R60-02    Placer Au                Au, Ti, Agate

  Sanga-Talon                     P55-02    Placer Au                Au

  Schmidtovskoe                   N54-05    Placer Au                Au

  Seinav-Galimanan                P58-09    Placer PGE               PGE

  Shamanikho-Stolbov              Q56-01    Placer Au                Au

  Shungnak                        Q04-02    Placer Au                Au, Cu, Ag, Cr,
                                                                     Cd

  Sixtymile                       P07-01    Placer Au                Au

  Skeena River                    N09-01    Placer Au                Au

  Smyaty and Grif Creeks          P58-07    Placer Au                Au

  Sofiiskoe                       N53-02    Placer Au                Au

  Srednenuykzhinsk                N51-02    Placer Au                Au

  Stadukhin                       Q58-02    Placer Au                Au

  Stewart River                   P07-03    Placer Au                Au

  Stikine River-Telegraph Creek   O09-02    Placer Au                Au

  Susuman-Chai-Yuryuyen           P55-01    Placer Au                Au

  Taigonoss                       P57-01    Placer Au                Au

  Temny Creek                     N57-01    Placer Au                Au

  Tenka                           P55-03    Placer Au                Au

  Tolovana                        Q06-02    Placer Au                Au, Sn, Cu, Pb,
                                                                     Hg, W, Cr, Sb,
                                                                     REE, Bi

  Tulameen-Similkameen Camp       M10-04    Placer Au-Pt-Ag          Au

  Turansky district               M52-01    Placer Au                Au

  Udachny Creek                   N57-03    Placer Au                Au

  Ulskoe                          N54-01    Placer Au                Au

  Ushkan\'e River Basin           P58-04    Placer Au                Au

  Valdez Creek                    P06-02    Placer Au                Au, Cu, Pb

  Verkhne-Indigirsky              Q54-01    Placer Au                Au

  Verkhne-Yansky                  Q53-01    Placer Sn                Sn

  Verkhneamursk                   N51-03    Placer Au                Au

  Verkhnegilyui                   N51-01    Placer Au                Au

  Verkhneselemdzha                N53-01    Placer Au                Au

  Verkhnezeisk                    N52-01    Placer Au                Au

  Verkhoyan                       Q52-01    Placer Au                Au

  Vesyoly Creek                   P59-01    Placer PGE               

                                  PGE                                

  Vidny Creek                     P58-01    Placer Au                Au

  Visualnin                       Q57-03    Placer Au, Ag            Au, Ag

  Vital-Silver Creek Camp         N10-02    Placer Au, Cu, Ag,       Au
  (Omineca)                                 nephrite                 

  Wildhorse Creek Camp            M11-09    Placer Au-Pt             Au

  Willow Creek                    P06-05    Placer Au                Au, Cu, W, Pt

  Wiseman (Koyukuk)               Q05-02    Placer Au                Au, Bi, Cu, W,
                                                                     Pb

  Yakataga                        P07-07    Placer Au                Au, Ag, Cr, Cu

  Yakutat (Lituya Bay)            O07-01    Placer Au-Ti             Au

  Yentna                          P05-03    Placer Au                Au, Cu, Ag, Pt

  Ymir-Nelson-Slocan Camp         M11-06    Placer Au-W              Au

  Zeiya-Selemdzha                 N52-04    Placer Au                Au

  Zolotogorsk                     Q60-01    Placer Au                Au
  ------------------------------- --------- ------------------------ ----------------