**TABLE I -- Mitigation Effectiveness Guide - Reducing Pesticide Impacts
on Water Quality**

Note: Pest Management (595) requires environmental risk evaluation and
appropriate mitigation for all identified resource concerns. This table
identifies management techniques and conservation practices that have
the potential to mitigate pesticide impacts on water quality. Not all
techniques will be applicable to a given situation. Relative
effectiveness ratings by pesticide loss pathway are "no effect" (blank),
"slight effect" (+/-), "moderate effect" (++/\--), and "significant
effect" (+++/\-\--). The table also identifies how the techniques
function. Effectiveness of any mitigation technique can be highly
variable based on site conditions and how it is designed. Therefore,
with guidance provided by the table, site-specific selection and design
of mitigation techniques that are appropriate for identified resource
concerns is left to the professional judgement of the conservation
planner.

+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| **Pest          | **P  |     |      | **Function**                 |
| Management\     | esti |     |      |                              |
| Mitigation      | cide |     |      |                              |
| Techniques**    | Loss |     |      |                              |
|                 | Pa   |     |      |                              |
|                 | thwa |     |      |                              |
|                 | ys** |     |      |                              |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
|                 | **Le | *   | **   |                              |
|                 | achi | *So | Adso |                              |
|                 | ng** | lut | rbed |                              |
|                 |      | ion | Runo |                              |
|                 |      | Ru  | ff** |                              |
|                 |      | nof |      |                              |
|                 |      | f** |      |                              |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| **Management    |      |     |      |                              |
| Techniques**    |      |     |      |                              |
| ^[1             |      |     |      |                              |
| ]{.underline}/^ |      |     |      |                              |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Application     | +++  | +++ | +++  | Reduces exposure potential - |
| Timing          |      |     |      | delaying application when    |
|                 |      |     |      | significant rainfall events  |
|                 |      |     |      | are forecast can reduce      |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticide transport to       |
|                 |      |     |      | ground and surface water,    |
|                 |      |     |      | application when conditions  |
|                 |      |     |      | are optimal can reduce the   |
|                 |      |     |      | amount of pesticide applied, |
|                 |      |     |      | also delaying application    |
|                 |      |     |      | when wind speed is not in    |
|                 |      |     |      | accordance with label        |
|                 |      |     |      | requirements can reduce      |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticide drift to surface   |
|                 |      |     |      | water                        |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Formula         | ++   | ++  | \+   | Reduces exposure potential   |
| tions/Adjuvants |      |     |      | -- formulations and/or       |
|                 |      |     |      | adjuvants that increase      |
|                 |      |     |      | efficacy allow lower         |
|                 |      |     |      | application rates            |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Lower           | +++  | +++ | +++  | Reduces exposure potential - |
| Application     |      |     |      | use lowest effective rate    |
| Rates           |      |     |      |                              |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Partial         | +++  | +++ | +++  | Reduces exposure potential - |
| Treatment       |      |     |      | spot treatment, banding and  |
|                 |      |     |      | directed spraying reduce     |
|                 |      |     |      | amount of pesticide applied  |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Pesticide Label | Requ | Req | R    | Reduces exposure potential - |
| Environmental   | ired | uir | equi | label guidance must be       |
| Hazard Warnings |      | ed^ | red\ | carefully followed for       |
| and BMPs        | ^2/^ | 2/^ | ^2/^ | pesticide applications near  |
|                 |      |     |      | water bodies and on soils    |
|                 |      |     |      | that are intrinsically       |
|                 |      |     |      | vulnerable to erosion,       |
|                 |      |     |      | runoff, or leaching          |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Scouting and    | +++  | +++ | +++  | Reduces exposure potential - |
| Integrated Pest |      |     |      | reduces the amount of        |
| Management      |      |     |      | pesticide applied            |
| (IPM)Thresholds |      |     |      |                              |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Set-backs       | \+   | ++  | \+   | Reduces exposure potential - |
|                 |      |     |      | reduced application area     |
|                 |      |     |      | reduces amount of pesticide  |
|                 |      |     |      | applied, can also reduce     |
|                 |      |     |      | inadvertent pesticide        |
|                 |      |     |      | application and drift to     |
|                 |      |     |      | surface water                |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Soil            | \    | +++ | +++  | Reduces exposure potential   |
| Incorporation   | -\-- |     |      | for surface losses, but      |
| -- mechanical   |      |     |      | increases exposure potential |
| or irrigation   |      |     |      | for leaching losses          |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Substitution -- | +++  | +++ | +++  | Reduces hazard potential -   |
|                 |      |     |      | use alternative pesticides   |
| -   Alternative |      |     |      | with low environmental risk, |
|     pesticides  |      |     |      | substituting cultural        |
|                 |      |     |      | (including burning and       |
| -   Cultural    |      |     |      | mechanical controls) and     |
|     controls    |      |     |      | biological controls can      |
|                 |      |     |      | reduce the need for          |
| -   Biological  |      |     |      | pesticides                   |
|     controls    |      |     |      |                              |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| **Conservation  |      |     |      |                              |
| Practices**     |      |     |      |                              |
| ^[3             |      |     |      |                              |
| ]{.underline}/^ |      |     |      |                              |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Agrichemical    | +++  | +++ | +++  | Reduces the potential for    |
| Mixing Center   |      |     |      | point source pesticide       |
| (Interim)       |      |     |      | contamination                |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Alley Cropping  | \+   | \+  | ++   | Increases infiltration and   |
| (311)           |      |     |      | uptake of subsurface water,  |
|                 |      |     |      | reduces soil erosion, can    |
|                 |      |     |      | provide habitat for          |
|                 |      |     |      | beneficial insects which can |
|                 |      |     |      | reduce the need for          |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticides, also can reduce  |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticide drift to surface   |
|                 |      |     |      | water                        |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+

**TABLE I - (continued)**

  ------------------ -------------- ------------ ------------ -------------------------------
  **Mitigation       **Pesticide                              **Function**
  Technique**        Loss                                     
                     Pathways**                               

                     **Leaching**   **Solution   **Adsorbed   
                                    Runoff**     Runoff**     

  Anionic            \-             \+           +++          Increases infiltration and deep
  Polyacrylamide                                              percolation, reduces soil
  (PAM) Erosion                                               erosion
  Control (450)                                               

  Bedding (310)      \+             \+           \+           Increases surface infiltration
                                                              and aerobic pesticide
                                                              degradation in the rootzone

  Brush Management   +++            +++          +++          Using non-chemical brush
  (314)                                                       control often reduces the need
                                                              for pesticides, pesticide use
                                                              requires environmental risk
                                                              analysis and appropriate
                                                              mitigation - see Pest
                                                              Management (595)

  Conservation Cover +++            +++          +++          Retiring land from annual crop
  (327)                                                       production often reduces the
                                                              need for pesticides, builds
                                                              soil organic matter

  Constructed        \+             \+           ++           Captures pesticide residues and
  Wetland (656)                                               facilitates their degradation

  Conservation Crop  ++             ++           ++           Reduces the need for pesticides
  Rotation (328)                                              by breaking pest lifecycles

  Contour Buffer                    ++           ++           Increases infiltration, reduces
  Strips (332)                                                soil erosion

  Contour Farming    \-             \+           \+           Increases infiltration and deep
  (330)                                                       percolation, reduces soil
                                                              erosion

  Contour Orchard    \-             \+           \+           Increases infiltration and deep
  and Other Fruit                                             percolation, reduces soil
  Area (Ac.) (331)                                            erosion

  Contour                           ++           ++           Increases infiltration, reduces
  Stripcropping                                               soil erosion
  (585)                                                       

  Cover Crop (340)   \+             \+           ++           Increases infiltration, reduces
                                                              soil erosion, builds soil
                                                              organic matter

  Cross Wind Ridges                              (+)\         Reduces wind erosion and
  (589A)                                         ^4/^         adsorbed pesticide deposition
                                                              in surface water

  Cross Wind                                     (++)\        Reduces wind erosion and
  Stripcropping                                  ^4/^         adsorbed pesticide deposition
  (589B)                                                      in surface water, traps
                                                              adsorbed pesticides

  Cross Wind Trap                                (++)\        Reduces wind erosion and
  Strips (589C)                                  ^4/^         adsorbed pesticide deposition
                                                              in surface water, traps
                                                              adsorbed pesticides

  Deep Tillage (324) \-             \+           \+           Increases infiltration and deep
                                                              percolation

  Dike (356)         ++/\--         ++           ++           Reduces exposure potential -
                                                              excludes outside water (++
                                                              leaching) or captures pesticide
                                                              residues and facilitates their
                                                              degradation (\-- leaching)

  Diversion (362)    \+             \+           \+           Reduces exposure potential -
                                                              water is diverted

  Drainage Water     ++/\--         ++           ++           Seasonal saturation may reduce
  Management (554)                                            the need for pesticides,
                                                              drainage reduces storm water
                                                              runoff, drainage increases
                                                              infiltration and aerobic
                                                              pesticide degradation in the
                                                              rootzone during the growing
                                                              season (++ leaching), seasonal
                                                              saturation may bring the water
                                                              table in contact with pesticide
                                                              residues from the previous
                                                              growing season (\-- leaching)

  Field Border (386)                \+           ++           Increases infiltration and
                                                              traps adsorbed pesticides,
                                                              often reduces application area
                                                              resulting in less pesticide
                                                              applied, can provide habitat
                                                              for beneficial insects which
                                                              reduces the need for
                                                              pesticides, can provide habitat
                                                              to congregate pests which can
                                                              result in reduced pesticide
                                                              application, also can reduce
                                                              inadvertent pesticide
                                                              application and drift to
                                                              surface water
  ------------------ -------------- ------------ ------------ -------------------------------

**TABLE I - (continued)**

+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| **Mitigation    | **P  |     |      | **Function**                 |
| Technique**     | esti |     |      |                              |
|                 | cide |     |      |                              |
|                 | Loss |     |      |                              |
|                 | Pa   |     |      |                              |
|                 | thwa |     |      |                              |
|                 | ys** |     |      |                              |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
|                 | **Le | *   | **   |                              |
|                 | achi | *So | Adso |                              |
|                 | ng** | lut | rbed |                              |
|                 |      | ion | Runo |                              |
|                 |      | Ru  | ff** |                              |
|                 |      | nof |      |                              |
|                 |      | f** |      |                              |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Filter Strip    |      | ++  | +++  | Increases infiltration and   |
| (393)           |      |     |      | traps adsorbed pesticides,   |
|                 |      |     |      | often reduces application    |
|                 |      |     |      | area resulting in less       |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticide applied, can       |
|                 |      |     |      | provide habitat for          |
|                 |      |     |      | beneficial insects which     |
|                 |      |     |      | reduces the need for         |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticides, can provide      |
|                 |      |     |      | habitat to congregate pests  |
|                 |      |     |      | which can result in reduced  |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticide application, also  |
|                 |      |     |      | can reduce inadvertent       |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticide application and    |
|                 |      |     |      | drift to surface water       |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Floodwater      | \+   | \+  | \+   | Reduces exposure potential - |
| Diversion (400) |      |     |      | floodwater is diverted       |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Forage Harvest  | ++   | ++  | ++   | Reduces exposure potential - |
| Management      |      |     |      | timely harvesting reduces    |
| (511)           |      |     |      | the need for pesticides      |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Forest Stand    | ++   | ++  | ++   | Reduces the potential for    |
| Improvement     |      |     |      | pest damage and the need for |
| (666)           |      |     |      | pesticides                   |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Grade           |      |     | ++   | Traps adsorbed pesticides    |
| Stabilization   |      |     |      |                              |
| Structure (410) |      |     |      |                              |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Grassed         |      | \+  | ++   | Increases infiltration and   |
| Waterway (412)  |      |     |      | traps adsorbed pesticides    |
|                 |      |     |      | (should be applied with      |
|                 |      |     |      | Filter Strips at the outlet  |
|                 |      |     |      | and on each side of the      |
|                 |      |     |      | waterway)                    |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Grazing Land    | \-   | \+  | \+   | Increases infiltration and   |
| Mechanical      |      |     |      | deep percolation             |
| Treatment (548) |      |     |      |                              |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Hedgerow        |      |     | (+)\ | Reduces adsorbed pesticide   |
| Planting (442)  |      |     | ^4/^ | deposition in surface water, |
|                 |      |     |      | also can reduce inadvertent  |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticide application and    |
|                 |      |     |      | drift to surface water       |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Herbaceous Wind |      |     | (+)\ | Reduces wind erosion, traps  |
| Barriers (603)  |      |     | ^4/^ | adsorbed pesticides, can     |
|                 |      |     |      | provide habitat for          |
|                 |      |     |      | beneficial insects which     |
|                 |      |     |      | reduces the need for         |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticides, can provide      |
|                 |      |     |      | habitat to congregate pests  |
|                 |      |     |      | which can result in reduced  |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticide application, also  |
|                 |      |     |      | can reduce pesticide drift   |
|                 |      |     |      | to surface water             |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Hillside Ditch  | \+   | \+  | \+   | Reduces exposure potential - |
| (423)           |      |     |      | water is diverted            |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Irrigation Land | ++   | \+  | ++   | Reduces exposure potential - |
| Leveling (464)  |      |     |      | uniform surface reduces      |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticide transport to       |
|                 |      |     |      | ground and surface water     |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Irrigation      | ++   | +++ | +++  | Reduces exposure potential - |
| System,         |      |     |      | efficient and uniform        |
| Microirrigation |      |     |      | irrigation reduces pesticide |
| (441)           |      |     |      | transport to ground and      |
|                 |      |     |      | surface water                |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Irrigation      | ++   | ++  | ++   | Reduces exposure potential - |
| System,         |      |     |      | efficient and uniform        |
| Sprinkler (442) |      |     |      | irrigation reduces pesticide |
|                 |      |     |      | transport to ground and      |
|                 |      |     |      | surface water                |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Irrigation      | \+   | \+  | \+   | Reduces exposure potential - |
| System, Surface |      |     |      | efficient and uniform        |
| and Subsurface  |      |     |      | irrigation reduces pesticide |
| (443)           |      |     |      | transport to ground and      |
|                 |      |     |      | surface water                |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Irrigation      |      | +++ | +++  | Captures pesticide residues  |
| System Tail     |      |     |      | and facilitates their        |
| Water           |      |     |      | degradation                  |
|                 |      |     |      |                              |
| Recovery (447)  |      |     |      |                              |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Irrigation      | +++  | +++ | +++  | Reduces exposure potential - |
| Water           |      |     |      | water is applied at rates    |
| Management      |      |     |      | that minimize pesticide      |
| (449)           |      |     |      | transport to ground and      |
|                 |      |     |      | surface water, promotes      |
|                 |      |     |      | healthy plants which can     |
|                 |      |     |      | better tolerate pests        |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+
| Land Smoothing  | \+   | \+  | \+   | Reduces exposure potential - |
| (466)           |      |     |      | uniform surface reduces      |
|                 |      |     |      | pesticide transport to       |
|                 |      |     |      | ground and surface water     |
+-----------------+------+-----+------+------------------------------+

**TABLE I - (continued)**

  ------------------ -------------- ------------ ------------ -------------------------------
  **Mitigation       **Pesticide                              **Function**
  Technique**        Loss                                     
                     Pathways**                               

                     **Leaching**   **Solution   **Adsorbed   
                                    Runoff**     Runoff**     

  Mole Drain (482)   \+             \+           \+           Increases infiltration and
                                                              aerobic pesticide degradation
                                                              in the rootzone\
                                                              \*Note -- avoid direct outlets
                                                              to surface water

  Mulching (484)     \+             +/-          +/-          Often reduces the need for
                                                              pesticides, natural mulches
                                                              increase infiltration and
                                                              reduce soil erosion\
                                                              (+ solution and adsorbed
                                                              runoff), artificial mulches may
                                                              increase runoff and erosion (-
                                                              solution and adsorbed runoff)

  Nutrient           ++             ++           ++           Promotes healthy plants which
  Management (590)                                            can better tolerate pests

  Pasture and Hay    ++             ++           ++           Retiring land from annual crop
  Planting (512)                                              production often reduces the
                                                              need for pesticides, builds
                                                              soil organic matter

  Precision Land     ++             \+           ++           Reduces exposure potential -
  Forming (462)                                               uniform surface reduces
                                                              pesticide transport to ground
                                                              and surface water

  Prescribed Burning ++             ++           ++           Often reduces the need for
  (338)                                                       pesticides

  Prescribed Grazing ++             ++           ++           Improves plant health and
  (528A)                                                      reduces the need for pesticides

  Range Planting     ++             ++           ++           Increases infiltration and
  (550)                                                       uptake of subsurface water,
                                                              reduces soil erosion, builds
                                                              soil organic matter

  Recreation Area    ++             ++           ++           Increases infiltration and
  Improvement (562)                                           uptake of subsurface water,
                                                              reduces soil erosion, builds
                                                              soil organic matter

  Residue            \+             ++           +++          Increases infiltration, reduces
  Management,                                                 soil erosion, builds soil
  No-till and                                                 organic matter
  Strip-Till (329A)                                           

  Residue            \+             ++           +++          Increases infiltration, reduces
  Management,                                                 soil erosion, builds soil
  Mulch-Till (329B)                                           organic matter

  Residue            \+             ++           +++          Increases infiltration, reduces
  Management, Ridge                                           soil erosion, builds soil
  Till (329C)                                                 organic matter

  Residue            \+             \+           \+           Increases infiltration, reduces
  Management,                                                 soil erosion, builds soil
  Seasonal (344)                                              organic matter

  Riparian Forest    \+             +++          +++          Increases infiltration and
  Buffer (391)                                                uptake of subsurface water,
                                                              traps sediment, builds soil
                                                              organic matter

  Riparian           \+             ++           ++           Increases infiltration, traps
  Herbaceous Cover                                            sediment, builds soil organic
  (390)                                                       matter

  Row Arrangement    \-             \+           \+           Increases infiltration and deep
  (557)                                                       percolation, reduces soil
                                                              erosion

  Sediment Basin                                 ++           Captures pesticide residues and
  (350)                                                       facilitates their degradation

  Stripcropping,                    \+           \+           Increases infiltration, reduces
  Field (586)                                                 soil erosion

  Structure For      \-             ++           +++          Captures pesticide residues and
  Water Control                                               facilitates their degradation,
  (587)                                                       increases infiltration and deep
                                                              percolation

  Subsurface         \+             ++           ++           Increases infiltration and
  Drainage (606)                                              aerobic pesticide degradation
                                                              in the rootzone\
                                                              \*Note -- avoid direct outlets
                                                              to surface water

  Surface Drainage,  \+             \+           \+           Increases infiltration and
  Field Ditch (607)                                           aerobic pesticide degradation
                                                              in the rootzone

  Surface Roughening                             (+)\         Reduces wind erosion and
  (609)                                          ^4/^         adsorbed pesticide deposition
                                                              in surface water
  ------------------ -------------- ------------ ------------ -------------------------------

**TABLE I - (continued)**

  ----------------------- -------------- ------------ ------------ -------------------------------
  **Mitigation            **Pesticide                              **Function**
  Technique**             Loss                                     
                          Pathways**                               

                          **Leaching**   **Solution   **Adsorbed   
                                         Runoff**     Runoff**     

  Terrace (600)           \--            ++           +++          Increases infiltration and deep
                                                                   percolation, reduces soil
                                                                   erosion

  Tree and Shrub          +++            +++          +++          Retiring land from annual crop
  Establishment (612)                                              production often reduces the
                                                                   need for pesticides, increases
                                                                   infiltration and uptake of
                                                                   subsurface water, builds soil
                                                                   organic matter

  Vegetative Barriers                                 ++           Reduces soil erosion, traps
  (601)                                                            sediment, increases
                                                                   infiltration

  Waste Storage Facility  \+             ++           ++           Captures pesticide residues
  (313)                                                            

  Waste Treatment Lagoon                 +++          +++          Captures pesticide residues and
  (359)                                                            facilitates their degradation

  Waste Utilization (633) ++             ++           ++           Increases soil organic matter

  Water and Sediment      \-             ++           +++          Captures pesticide residues and
  Control Basin (638)                                              facilitates their degradation,
                                                                   increases infiltration and deep
                                                                   percolation

  Waterspreading (640)    \-             \+           \+           Increases infiltration and deep
                                                                   percolation

  Well Decommissioning    +++                                      Eliminates point source
  (351)                                                            contamination

  Wetland Creation (Ac.)  \+             \+           \+           Captures pesticide residues and
  (658)                                                            facilitates their degradation

  Wetland Enhancement     \+             \+           \+           Captures pesticide residues and
  (Ac.) (659)                                                      facilitates their degradation

  Wetland Restoration     \+             \+           \+           Captures pesticide residues and
  (Ac.) (657)                                                      facilitates their degradation

  Windbreak/Shelterbelt                               (++)\        Reduces wind erosion, reduces
  Establishment (380)                                 ^4/^         adsorbed pesticide deposition
                                                                   in surface water, traps
                                                                   adsorbed pesticides, also can
                                                                   reduce pesticide drift

  Windbreak/Shelterbelt                               (++)\        Reduces wind erosion, reduces
  Renovation (650)                                    ^4/^         adsorbed pesticide deposition
                                                                   in surface water, traps
                                                                   adsorbed pesticides, also can
                                                                   reduce pesticide drift
  ----------------------- -------------- ------------ ------------ -------------------------------

^1/^ Additional information on pest management mitigation techniques can
be obtained from Extension pest management\
publications, pest management consultants and pesticide labels.

^2/^ The pesticide label is the law - all pesticide label specifications
must be carefully followed, including required mitigation.\
Additional mitigation may be needed to meet NRCS pest management
requirements for identified resource concerns.

^3/^ Details regarding the effects of Conservation Practices on ground
and surface water contamination by pesticides are

contained in the Conservation Practice Physical Effects matrix found in
the National Handbook of Conservation Practices.

^4/^ Mitigation applies to adsorbed pesticide losses being carried to
surface water by wind.

*TABLE I Mitigation Effectiveness Guide - Reducing Pesticide Impacts on
Water Quality* is based on available research specific to the technique,
related research, and the NWCC Pest Management Team\'s best professional
judgement. The ratings are relative index values as opposed to absolute
values, much like the Conservation Practice Physical Effects (CPPE)
matrix. They are intended to help planners choose the best combination
of techniques for their identified resource concerns. The ratings are
based on the relative *potential* for a technique to provide mitigation.
The technique has to be specifically designed, implemented and
maintained for the mitigation potential to be realized. Varying site
conditions can result in a great deal of variation in actual mitigation
effectiveness, but our relative index values indicate which techniques
will generally provide more or less mitigation under a given set of
conditions. Our general rule of thumb is that +\'s generally have the
potential to reduces losses by 10 -15%., ++\'s have the potential to
reduces losses by about 25% and +++\'s have the potential to reduce
losses by about 50%.\
\
The original matrix was developed by the EPA-sanctioned Aquatic Dialogue
Group and published by SETAC. The original reference is: *Aquatic
Dialogue Group: Pesticide Risk Assessment and Mitigation, Baker JL,
Barefoot AC, Beasley LE, Burns LA, Caulkins PP, Clark JE, Feulner RL,
Giesy JP, Graney RL, Griggs RH, Jacoby HM, Laskowski DA, Maciorowski AF,
Mihaich EM, Nelson Jr HP, Parrish PR, Siefert RE, Solomon KR, van der
Schalie WH, editors. 1994. Society of Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry, Pensacola, FL., pages 99-111 and Table 4-2.* They provided
ranges of effectiveness for various mitigation techniques. With their
permission, we expanded their work for the NEDC *Nutrient and Pest
Management Considerations in Conservation Planning* course materials.
Richard Aycock from Louisiana was the first to put a mitigation matrix
into an NRCS Pest Management (595) standard, based in large part on
Table 6.2 (pages 67 - 68), and Table, 6.4 (pages 71 - 72) in *Module 6,
Part C-Integrating Nutrient and Pest Management with Other Conservation
Practices* in our *Nutrient and Pest Management Considerations in
Conservation Planning* course materials. Table 1 was built from the
Louisiana matrix by adding additional management techniques and
conservation practices. If you have any questions, please contact the
NWCC Pest Management Team.