DIGITAL DATABASE DESCRIPTION FOR THEGEOLOGIC MAP OF THE SILVER LAKE
QUADRANGLE, COWLITZ COUNTY, WASHINGTON

Database by Christopher B. DuRoss

# Introduction

This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital files that
are included in this publication, available for downloading *at
<http://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2001/2371/>* *.* These files include a set of
ARC/INFO geospatial databases containing the geologic information as
well as Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format (PDF) and PostScript plot
files containing images of the geologic map sheet and the text of an
accompanying pamphlet that describes the geology of the area. For those
interested only in a paper plot of the map and pamphlet, please see the
section entitled \"For Those Who Don\'t Use Digital Geologic Map
Databases\" below.

This digital map publication, generated from new mapping by the author,
shows the general distribution of bedrock and surficial deposits in the
Silver Lake 7.5-minute quadrangle. Together with the accompanying
geologic description pamphlet, it presents current knowledge on the
geologic structure and stratigraphy of the area covered. The database
identifies map units that are classified by general age and lithology
following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey.
The scale of the source map limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the
database to 1:24,000 or smaller. The content and character of the
digital publication, as well as methods of obtaining the digital files,
are described below.

# For those who don\'t use digital geologic map databases

For those interested in the geology of the Silver Lake quadrangle who do
not use an ARC/INFO compatible Geographic Information System (GIS), we
have provided two sets of plot files containing images of the map sheet
and a geologic description pamphlet. There is a set of images in
PostScript format and another in Adobe Acrobat PDF format (see the
sections "PostScript plot files" and "PDF plot files" below).

Those who have computer capability can access the plot file packages in
any of the three ways described below (see the section \"Obtaining the
digital database and plot file packages\"). However, it should be noted
the plot file packages do require gzip and tar utilities to access the
plot files. Therefore additional software, available free on the
Internet, may be required to use the plot files (see section \"Tar
files\"). In addition, the map sheet is large, and requires large-format
color plotters to produce a plot of the entire image, although smaller
plotters can be used to plot portions of the images using the PDF plot
files (see the sections \"PostScript plot files\" and \"PDF plot files\"
below).

Those without computer capability can obtain plots of the map files
through U.S. Geological Survey print on demand service for digital
geologic maps (see section \"Obtaining plots from the U.S. Geological
Survey) or from an outside vendor (see section \"Obtaining plots from an
outside vendor\").

The U.S. Geological Survey has adopted version numbers for its
publications, similar to the system used in the computer software
industry. Therefore, this publication may be revised and upgraded from
time to time. See the section \"Revisions and version numbers\" for
details on this new policy.

# MF-2371 digital contents

The digital data for the Miscellaneous Field Studies Map consist of
three packages. The first is the **Encapsulated** **PostScript plot file
package**, which consists of Encapsulated PostScript plot files of the
geologic map with explanation, and a geologic description pamphlet with
figures and tables. The second is the **PDF plot file package**, which
contains the same plot files as the first package, but as PDF files. The
third is the **Digital database - metadata package**, which contains the
geologic map database itself and supporting data, including base maps,
map explanation, geologic description, and references.

## Encapsulated PostScript plot file package

This package contains the images described here in PostScript format
(see below for more information on PostScript plot files):

sl. ps An ARC/INFO Postscript plottable file containing an image of the
geologic map, base map, cross sections, correlation of map units,
description of map units, and index map of the Silver Lake 7.5-minute
quadrangle

## PDF plot file package

This package contains the images described here in PDF format (see below
for more information on PDF plot files):

sl.pdf A PDF file containing an image of the geologic map, base map,
cross sections, correlation of map units, description of map units, and
index map of the Silver Lake 7.5-minute quadrangle

readme.pdf A PDF file of this document

geol.pdf A PDF file of the geologic description pamphlet with black and
white figures

geol_clr.pdf A PDF file of the geologic description pamphlet with color
figures

## Digital database - metadata package

The database package includes geologic map database files for the Silver
Lake 7.5-minute quadrangle. The digital maps, or coverages, and
associated INFO directory have been converted to uncompressed ARC/INFO
export files. ARC export files promote ease of data handling, and are
usable by some Geographic Information Systems in addition to ARC/INFO
(see below for a discussion of working with export files). Raster data
are stored in ARC grid format rather than export format to reduce file
size. The ARC export files and associated ARC/INFO coverages, grids, and
directories, as well as the additional digital material included in the
database, are described below:

  ------------------ --------------- ---------------------------------------------
  **ARC/INFO**       **Resultant**   **Description of Coverage**

  **export file**    **Coverage**    

  sl_geo.e00         sl_geo          Faults, depositional contacts, and rock units
                                     in the quadrangle

  sl_stx.e00         sl_stx          Geologic attitudes as points; include pttype,
                                     strike, and dip fields, dip values as
                                     annotation, fold axis as arcs, and cross
                                     section lines

  sl_ann.e00         sl_ann          Unit labels and leaders

  sl_rad.e00         sl_rad          Radiometric age localities as points; include
                                     age, sample number, and map plot number

  sl_fos.e00         sl_fos          Megafossil and plant fossil localities as
                                     points; include sample number and map plot
                                     number

  sl_chm.e00         sl_chm          Geochemistry localities as points; include
                                     sample number and map plot number

  sl_clay.e00        sl_clay         Clay pit in Toutle formation as points

  sl_coal.e00        sl_coal         Coal mine or prospect in Cowlitz Formation as
                                     points

  fnt034.e00         fnt034          ARC/INFO font used with markerset

  fnt035.e00         fnt035          ARC/INFO font used with markerset

  nt339.e00          fnt339          ARC/INFO font used with markerset

  geologyk.mrk.e00   geologyk.mrk    ARC/INFO markerset (custom)

  droid.lut.e00      droid.lut       ARC/INFO marker look up table (internal)

  slpoly.lut.e00     slpoly.lut      ARC/INFO line look up table for polygons
                                     (internal)

  slln.lut.e00       slln.lut        ARC/INFO line look up table for lines and
                                     fold arcs (internal)

  sllm.lut.e00       sllm.lut        ARC/INFO line look up table for fold and
                                     fault markers (internal)
  ------------------ --------------- ---------------------------------------------

### ARC/INFO grids Description of Grid 

sl_grd Silver Lake color geology grid merged with grid of topographic
base

The digital publication package also includes the following files:

ASCII text files, including explanatory text, PostScript plot files,
Encapsulated PostScript files from Adobe Illustrator 8 used as map
collar and figures for the geologic report, ARC Macro Language files for
plotting maps, custom ARC lineset, and a ARC Macro Language file for
conversion of ARC export files into ARC coverages:

  ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------
  metadata.txt     The metadata as a text file

  readme.doc       The readme as a MSWord document

  readme.txt       The readme as a text file

  readme.pdf       The readme as a PDF file

  geol.pdf         Geology pamphlet as a PDF file

  geol_clr.pdf     Geology pamphlet as a PDF file with color figures

  geol.doc         Geology pamphlet as an MSWord document

  import.aml       ASCII text file in ARC Macro Language (AML) to convert
                   ARC export files to ARC coverages in ARC/INFO

  sl.eps           Encapsulated PostScript Adobe Illustrator 8 file (map
                   collar) for the Silver Lake 7.5 minute quadrangle

  sl.gra           ARC Graphics Metafile for Silver Lake 7.5-minute
                   quadrangle

  sl_plot.aml      Plot AML generates uncompressed PostScript of Silver
                   Lake 7.5-minute quadrangle at 600 dpi

  geol61c.lin      Custom ARC lineset

  johanna.txt      Custom ARC textset

  uncom            Parameter file in sl_plot.aml to uncompress PostScript
                   file

  sl.tab           ARC/INFO grid remap table for colors

  info             ARC/INFO directory

  log              ARC/INFO log file

  alc1.shd         ARC/INFO shadeset (custom)
  ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------

The following supporting directory is not included in the database
package, but is produced in the process of reconverting the export files
into ARC coverages:

  ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------
  info/            INFO directory containing files supporting the
                   databases

  ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------

# Tar files

The two data packages described above are stored in tar (UNIX tape
archive) files. A tar utility is required to extract the database from
the tar file. This utility is included in most UNIX systems and can be
obtained free of charge over the Internet from Internet Literacy\'s
Common Internet File Formats Webpage
(*[http://www.matisse.net/files/formats.html]{.underline}*). The tar
files have been compressed, and may be uncompressed with **gzip**, which
is available free of charge over the Internet via links from the U.S.
Geological Survey Public Domain Software page
(*[http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/doc/edchome/ndcdb/public.html]{.underline}*).
When the tar file is uncompressed and the data is extracted from the tar
file, a directory is produced that contains the data in the package as
described above. The specifics of the tar files are listed below:

  ------------------ ------------------ --------------- -----------------------------
  **Name of**        **Size of**        **Directory**   **Data package**

  **compressed**     **uncompressed**   **produced      **contained**
                                        when**          

  **tar file**       **tar file**       **extracted     
                                        from**          

  **(size)**                            **tar file**    

                                                        

  2371ps.tar.gz      105 Mb             2371ps/         PostScript Plot file Package
  (18.1 Mb)                                             

  2371pdf.tar.gz     8.97 Mb            2371pdf/        Portable Document Format
  (8.5 Mb)                                              Package

  2371db.tar.gz      85.1 Mb            2371db/         Digital Database Package
  (27.7 Mb)                                             
  ------------------ ------------------ --------------- -----------------------------

# PostScript plot files

For those interested in the geology of the Silver Lake 7.5-minute
quadrangle who don\'t use an ARC/INFO compatible GIS system we have
included a PostScript plot file. The file contains a color plot of the
geologic map sheet at 1:24,000 scale. The PostScript image of the map
sheet is 36 by 41 inches, so it requires a large plotter to produce
paper copies at the intended scale.

The final ARC/INFO PostScript plot file for the map (sl.ps) was produced
by the ARC/INFO version 8.0.2 for Unix PostScript command using the
uncompressed option, after running a plot AML (sl_plot.aml). The file
(sl_eps) contains an Adobe Illustrator v. 8 Encapsulated PostScript file
of the map template, which has figures of cross-sections, correlation of
map units, description of map units, and index map. The plot AML
(sl_plot.aml) combines the ARC/INFO files with the placed EPS file
(sl.eps) and creates a graphics Metafile and a final PostScript plot
file (sl_ps). The import.aml imports all the export (.e00) files into
ARC/INFO.

# PDF plot files

We have also included a second digital package containing PDF versions
of the PostScript map sheets described above. Adobe Acrobat PDF files
are similar to PostScript plot files in that they contain all the
information needed to produce a paper copy of a map and they are
platform-independent. Their principal advantage is that they require
less memory to store and are therefore quicker to download from the
Internet. In addition, PDF files allow printing of portions of a map
image on a printer smaller than that required to print the entire map
without the purchase of expensive additional software. All PDF files in
this report have been created from PostScript plot files using Adobe
Acrobat Distiller. In test plots we have found that paper maps created
with PDF files contain almost all the detail of maps created with
PostScript plot files. We would, however, recommend that those users
with the capability to print the large PostScript plot files use them in
preference to the PDF files.

To use PDF files, the user must get and install a copy of Adobe Acrobat
Reader. This software is available free from the Adobe website
(*[http://www.adobe.com]{.underline}*). Please follow the instructions
given at the website to download and install this software. Once
installed, the Acrobat Reader software contains an on-line manual and
tutorial.

There are two ways to use Acrobat Reader in conjunction with the
Internet. One is to use the PDF reader plug-in with your Internet
browser. This allows interactive viewing of PDF file images within your
browser. This is a very handy way to quickly look at PDF files without
downloading them to your hard disk. The second way is to download the
PDF file to your local hard disk, and then view the file with Acrobat
Reader. We strongly recommend that large map images be handled by
downloading to your hard disk, because viewing them within an Internet
browser tends to be very slow.

To print a smaller portion of a PDF map image using Acrobat Reader, it
is necessary to cut out the portion desired using Acrobat Reader and the
standard cut and paste tools for your platform, and then to paste the
portion of the image into a file generated by another software program
that can handle images. Most word processors (such as Microsoft Word)
will suffice. The new file can then be printed. Image conversion in the
cut and paste process, as well as changes in the scale of the map image,
may result in loss of image quality.

# Digital database format

The databases in this report were compiled in ARC/INFO, a commercial
Geographic Information System by Environmental Systems Research
Institute (ESRI) in Redlands, California, with version 3.0 of the menu
interface ALACARTE (Fitzgibbon and Wentworth, 1991; Fitzgibbon, 1991;
Wentworth and Fitzgibbon, 1991). The files are in either GRID (ARC/INFO
raster data) format or COVERAGE (ARC/INFO vector data) format. Coverages
are stored in uncompressed ARC export format (ARC/INFO version 8.0.2 for
Unix). ARC/INFO export files (files with the .e00 extension) can be
converted into ARC/INFO coverages in ARC/INFO (see below) and can be
read by some other Geographic Information Systems, such as MapInfo, via
ArcLink and ESRI\'s ArcView (version 1.0 for Windows 3.1 to 3.11 is
available for free from ESRI\'s web site:
[http://www.esri.com]{.underline}). The digital compilation was done in
version 8.0.2 of ARC/INFO for Unix.

# Obtaining the digital database and plot file packages

The digital data can be obtained from:

[http://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2001/2371/]{.underline}

or request a CD-R from:

> Silver Lake Quadrangle Geologic Map Plot Files
>
> c/o PNWUC Database Coordinator
>
> U.S. Geological Survey
>
> 345 Middlefield Road, M/S 975
>
> Menlo Park, CA 94025

**Do not omit any part of this address!**

NOTE: Be sure to include with your request the exact names, as listed
above, of the tar files you require. A Miscellaneous Field Studies
number is not sufficient, unless you are requesting both the database
package and plot file package for the report.

The compressed tar file will be returned on the compact disk.

# Obtaining plots from a commercial vendor

Those interested in the geologic map of the Silver Lake 7.5-minute
quadrangle, but who use neither a computer nor the Internet, can still
obtain the information. We will provide the PostScript plot files on
digital compact disk (details above) for use by commercial vendors who
can make large-format plots.

The compressed tar file will be returned on the compact disk.

Make sure your vendor is capable of reading compact disks and PostScript
plot files. Important information regarding compact disk format is
included in the sections \"Database Release Format\", \"Tar Files\", and
\"PostScript Plot Files\" above, so be certain to provide a copy of this
document to your vendor. 

# Obtaining paper plots from the U.S. Geological Survey

The U.S. Geological Survey provides a print on demand service for
digital maps such as this report. To obtain plots, contact the U.S.
Geological Survey at:

> **USGS Information Services**
>
> **Box 25286**
>
> **Denver Federal Center**
>
> **Denver, CO 80225-0046**
>
> **(303) 202-4200**
>
> **1-888 ASK-USGS**
>
> **FAX: (303) 202-4695**
>
> **e-mail:** [infoservices@usgs.gov]{.underline}

Be sure to include with your request the Miscellaneous Field Studies Map
number.

# Converting ARC export files

ARC export files are converted to ARC coverages using the ARC command
IMPORT with the option COVER. To ease conversion and maintain naming
conventions, we have included an ASCII text file in ARC Macro Language
that will convert all of the export files in the database into coverages
and create the associated INFO directory. From the ARC command line
type:

> Arc: &run import.aml

ARC export files can also be read by some other Geographic Information
Systems. Please consult your GIS documentation to see if you can use ARC
export files and the procedure to import them.

# Digital compilation

Several different coverages were generated during the construction of
the Silver Lake quadrangle map. The raster geology images were scanned,
georeferenced, and converted to vector coverages with ARC/INFO\'s
gridline routine. Alacarte and some custom menus and AMLs were used to
project, transform, edit, tag, and build lines, polygons, and points in
the map. A digital layout or map collar was made with Adobe Illustrator
(sl_eps). The topographic base map was scanned as a 250 dpi TIFF image,
georeferenced and converted to an ARC/INFO GRID, The geology polygon
coverage was converted to a grid, and merged with the topographic base
grid to create a geology/topography grid (sl_grd). The plot AML
(sl_plot.aml) runs in ARC/INFO and call the coverages, grids, and Adobe
Illustrator EPS files to make an uncompressed PostScript file (sl_ps).
The map is in UTM projection, zone 10, meters, 1:24,000 scale. The
pamphlet that describes the geology was saved to PDF from Microsoft
Word.

## Annotation

Within the structural coverage is an annotation showing dip amount
associated with each attitude. This annotation layer is called by the
plot AML used by ARC/INFO, using a custom ARC textset, johanna.txt. The
plot AML converts all coverages into a PostScript file. Map unit labels
(not annotation) are used to label geology polygons. Smaller polygons,
in which the label would not fit, can be identified on plots by the
color of the polygon.

## Base maps

The source of the base maps used is the U.S. Geological Survey,
1:24,000-scale topographic map of the Silver lake quadrangle, which has
20-foot contour intervals (1985). The topographic map was scanned on an
rasterizing scanner at 250 dpi as 1-bit TIFF image. This scanned TIFF
image of the base was registered and rectified in ARC/INFO and then made
into a grid. The image was clipped using ARC/INFO grid to conform to the
area of the geologic coverages and merged with the geology grid to give
an apparent transparent color image of both combined. The base
map-geology layers are digital images but no information other than
location is attached to the lines. The base-geology maps are provided
for reference only.

## Spatial resolution

Uses of this digital geologic map should not violate the spatial
resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data removes
the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and
accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data. The
fact that this database was edited at a scale of 1:24,000 means that
higher resolution information is not present in the dataset. Plotting at
scales larger than 1:24,000 will not yield greater real detail, although
it may reveal fine-scale irregularities below the intended resolution of
the database. Similarly, where this database is used in combination with
other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output
will be limited by the lower resolution of these data.

## Database specifics

The map databases consist of ARC coverages and supporting INFO files,
which are stored in a UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) projection
(Table 1). Digital tics define a 7.5-minute grid of latitude and
longitude in the coverages corresponding with quadrangle corners.

**Table 1 -** *Map Projection*

The map is stored in UTM projection

  ----------------------------- ----------------- ------------------------
  PROJECTION:                   UTM               

  UNITS:                        METERS            -on the ground

  ZONE:                         10                -UTM zone

  PARAMETERS                                      

  END                                             
  ----------------------------- ----------------- ------------------------

The content of the geologic database can be described in terms of the
lines, points, and the areas that compose the map. Descriptions of the
database fields use the terms explained in table 2.

**Table 2** *- Field Definition Terms*

  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
  ITEM NAME     name of the database field (item)

  WIDTH         maximum number of digits or characters stored

  OUTPUT        output width

  TYPE          B-binary integer, F-binary floating-point number, I-ASCII
                integer, C-ASCII character string

  N. DEC.       number of decimal places maintained for floating point
                numbers
  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------

Lines

The lines (arcs) are recorded as strings of vectors and are described in
the arc attribute table (table 3). They define the boundaries of the map
units, faults, and the map boundaries. These distinctions, including the
geologic identities of the unit boundaries, are recorded in the LTYPE
field according to the line types listed in table 4.

Table 3 *- Content of the Arc Attribute Tables*

  ----------------- ----------- ------------ ---------- ------------ ----------------------------
  **ITEM NAME**     **WIDTH**   **OUTPUT**   **TYPE**   **N.DEC.**   **Description**

  FNODE#            4           5            B                       starting node of arc (from
                                                                     node)

  TNODE#            4           5            B                       ending node of arc (to node)

  LPOLY#            4           5            B                       polygon to the left of the
                                                                     arc

  RPOLY#            4           5            B                       polygon to the right of the
                                                                     arc

  LENGTH            4           12           F          3            length of arc in meters

  \<coverage\>#     4           5            B                       unique internal control
                                                                     number

  \<coverage\>-ID   4           5            B                       unique identification number

  LTYPE             35          35           C                       line type (see table 4)

  SEL               1           1            I                       user-defined field used to
                                                                     save a selected set

  SYMB              3           3            I                       user defined field used to
                                                                     save symbol assignments
                                                                     (such as color)
  ----------------- ----------- ------------ ---------- ------------ ----------------------------

Table 4 - *Line Types recorded in the LTYPE Field (listed by coverage
name, LTYPE ending with \"m\" or \"\_\" is for cartographic plotting
purposes to cause a symbol to plot at a specific location on that
line).*

**sl_geo**

contact, approximately located

contact, certain

contact, concealed

contact, inferred

map boundary

normal fault, approximately located

normal fault, approximately located \_m

normal fault, certain

normal fault, certain \_m

normal fault, concealed

s.s. fault, r.l., approximately located

s.s. fault, r.l., concealed

ss fault, rl, approximately located, queried

ss fault, rl, concealed, queried

water boundary, certain

**sl_stx**

cross section

**sl_ann**

leader

Areas

Map units (polygons) are described in the polygon attribute table (table
5). The identities of the map units from compilation sources are
recorded in the PTYPE field by map label (table 6). Note that ARC/INFO
coverages cannot contain both point and polygon information, so only
coverages with polygon information will have a polygon attribute table,
and these coverages will not have a point attribute table. More complete
descriptions of the various rock units can be found in the geologic
report (geol.txt or geol.pdf) that accompanies the dataset.

**Table 5** - Content of the Polygon Attribute Tables

  ----------------- ----------- ------------ ---------- ------------ ----------------------------
  **ITEM NAME**     **WIDTH**   **OUTPUT**   **TYPE**   **N.DEC.**   **Description**

  AREA              4           12           F          3            area of polygon in square
                                                                     meters

  PERIMETER         4           12           F          3            length of perimeter in
                                                                     meters

  \<coverage\>#     4           5                                    unique internal control
                                                                     number

  \<coverage\>-ID   4           5            B                       unique identification number

  PTYPE             35          35           C                       unit label

  SEL               1           1            I                       user defined field used to
                                                                     save a selected set

  SYMB              3           3            I                       user defined field used to
                                                                     save symbol assignments
                                                                     (such as color)
  ----------------- ----------- ------------ ---------- ------------ ----------------------------

**Table 6** *- Map Units*

(See geol.txt or geol.ps for descriptions of units)

**sl_geo**

Qa

Qf

Ql

Qlh

Qls

Qoa

Qsa

Qsl

Qsp

Qss

Qss?

Qt

Ta

Tahg

Tba

Tc

Tdi

Tgrs

Tk

Tmt

Tto

Ttob

Ttoc

Tts

Tvs

Tw

Twp

water

Points

Data gathered at a single locality (points) are described in the point
attribute table (table 7). The identities of the points from compilation
sources are recorded in the PTTYPE field. Map units are described more
fully in the text file geol.txt or geol.pdf. Note that ARC/INFO
coverages cannot contain both point and polygon information, so only
coverages with point information will have a point attribute table, and
these coverages will not have a polygon attribute table.

**Table 7** *-- Content of the Point Attribute Table*

sl_stx

Geologic attitudes

  ------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- ------------
  **ITEM NAME**      **WIDTH**     **OUTPUT**     **TYPE**      **N.DEC.**

  AREA               4             12             F             3

  PERIMETER          4             12             F             3

  SL_STX#            4             5              B             

  SL_STX-ID          4             5              B             

  PTTYPE             35            35             C             

  PTTYPE             3             3              I             

  STRIKE             3             3              I             

  SEL                1             1              I             

  SYMB               3             3              I             
  ------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- ------------

**Unique values of PTTYPE in sl_stx:**

bedding

fault, ss, rl

horz bedding

igneous foliation

inclined cleavage

sl_chm

Sample locality for chemical analysis

  ------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- ------------
  **ITEM NAME**      **WIDTH**     **OUTPUT**     **TYPE**      **N.DEC.**

  AREA               4             12             F             3

  PERIMETER          4             12             F             3

  SL_CHM#            4             5              B             

  SL_CHM-ID          4             5              B             

  PTTYPE             35            35             C             

  SAMPNO             35            35             C             

  SEL                1             1              I             

  SYMB               3             3              I             

  PLOTNO             7             7              I             

  FIELDSAMPL         17            17             C             

  LATITUDE           19            19             C             

  LONGITUDE          17            17             C             

  MAPUNIT            9             9              C             

  ROCKTYPE           26            26             C             

  SIO2               8             9              F             2

  TIO2               8             9              F             2

  AL2O3              8             9              F             2

  FE2O3              8             9              F             2

  FEO                9             9              C             

  MNO                8             9              F             2

  MGO                8             9              F             2

  CAO                8             9              F             2

  NA2O               8             9              F             2

  K2O                8             9              F             2

  P2O5               8             9              F             2

  H2O+               8             9              F             2

  H2O-               9             9              C             

  CO2                9             9              C             

  TOTAL              8             9              F             2

  SIO2_N             8             9              F             2

  TIO2_N             8             9              F             2

  AL2O3_N            8             9              F             2

  FE2O3_N            8             9              F             2

  FEO_N              8             9              F             2

  MNO_N              8             9              F             2

  MGO_N              8             9              F             2

  CAO_N              8             9              F             2

  NA2O_N             8             9              F             2

  K2O_N              8             9              F             2

  P2O5_N             8             9              F             2

  Plagioclas         9             9              C             

  Clinopyrox         9             9              C             

  Orthopyrox         9             9              C             

  Olivine            9             9              C             

  FE-TiOxide         9             9              C             

  Hornblende         9             9              C             

  Quartz             9             9              C             

  K-Feldspar         10            10             C             

  Other              19            19             C             

  Groundmass         9             9              C             

  No.PointsC         9             9              C             

  Texture            27            27             C             

  MG                 9             9              C             

  BA                 9             9              C             

  RB                 9             9              C             

  SR                 9             9              C             

  Y                  9             9              C             

  ZR                 9             9              C             

  NB                 9             9              C             

  NI                 9             9              C             

  CU                 9             9              C             

  ZN                 9             9              C             

  CR                 9             9              C             
  ------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- ------------

**Unique values of PTTYPE in sl_chm:**

chemistry

sl_rad

Sample location for radiometric age determination

  ------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- ------------
  **ITEM NAME**      **WIDTH**     **OUTPUT**     **TYPE**      **N.DEC.**

  AREA               4             12             F             3

  PERIMETER          4             12             F             3

  SL_RAD#            4             5              B             

  SL_RAD-ID          4             5              B             

  PTTYPE             35            35             C             

  SAMPNO             35            35             C             

  SEL                1             1              I             

  SYMB               3             3              I             

  PLOTNO             7             7              I             

  AGE                15            15             C             
  ------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- ------------

**Unique values of PTTYPE in sl_rad:**

radiometric

**sl_fos**

Megafauna and plant fossil localities

  ------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- ------------
  **ITEM NAME**      **WIDTH**     **OUTPUT**     **TYPE**      **N.DEC.**

  AREA               4             12             F             3

  PERIMETER          4             12             F             3

  SL_FOS#            4             5              B             

  SL_FOS-ID          4             5              B             

  PTTYPE             35            35             C             

  SAMPNO             35            35             C             

  SEL                1             1              I             

  SYMB               3             3              I             

  PLOTNO             5             5              C             
  ------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- ------------

**Unique values of PTTYPE in sl_fos:**

fossil

**sl_coal and (sl_clay)**

Coal mine or prospect localities and Clay pit localities

  ------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- ------------
  **ITEM NAME**      **WIDTH**     **OUTPUT**     **TYPE**      **N.DEC.**

  AREA               4             12             F             3

  PERIMETER          4             12             F             3

  \<COVER\>#         4             5              B             

  \<COVER\>-ID       4             5              B             

  PTTYPE             35            35             C             

  SAMPNO             35            35             C             

  SEL                1             1              I             

  SYMB               3             3              I             
  ------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- ------------

**Unique values of PTTYPE in sl_coal:**

coal

**Unique values of PTTYPE in sl_clay:**

clay

# Acknowledgments

We thank Karen Wheeler for the digital review of this Miscellaneous
Field Studies Map. Revised January 31, 2003 readme.

# References Cited

Fitzgibbon, T.T., 1991, ALACARTE installation and system manual (version
1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-587B.

Fitzgibbon, T.T., and Wentworth, C.M., 1991, ALACARTE user interface -
AML code and demonstration maps (version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey
Open-File Report 91-587A.

Wentworth, C.M., and Fitzgibbon, T.T., 1991, ALACARTE user manual
(version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-587C.