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                                      [Planning and Evaluation
                                      Service]{.smallcaps}

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**State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 1997--1998**

**Final Summary Report**

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2000

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| **[U.S. Department of             | [Office of the Under              |
| Education]{.smallcaps}**          | Secretary]{.smallcaps}            |
|                                   |                                   |
| [Doc \# 2001-05]{.smallcaps}      | [Office of Elementary and         |
|                                   | Secondary Education]{.smallcaps}  |
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**This is some**

**State ESEA Title I Participation**

**Information for 1997--98**

**Final Summary Report**

**Beth Sinclair, Westat**

**Rockville, Md.**

**Janet Carroll, Consultant**

**Providence, R.I.**

**Prepared for:**

**Office of the Under Secretary**

**Office of Elementary and Secondary Education**

**U.S. Department of Education**

**Contract No. EA94052001**

**2000**

This report was prepared for the U.S. Department of Education under
Contract No. EA94052001. The views expressed herein are those of the
contractors. No official endorsement by the U.S. Department of Education
is intended or should be inferred.

# U.S. Department of Education

Richard W. Riley

*Secretary*

## Office of the Under Secretary

Judith A. Winston

*Under Secretary (A)*

**Planning and Evaluation Service**

Alan L. Ginsburg

*Director*

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education

Michael Cohen

*Assistant Secretary*

**Compensatory Education Programs**

Mary Jean LeTendre

*Director*

**December 2000**

This report is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in
whole or in part is granted. While permission to reprint this
publication is not necessary, the citation should be: U. S. Department
of Education, Office of the Under Secretary, Planning and Evaluation
Service, *State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 1997--98:
Final Summary Report*, Washington, D.C., 2000.

To order copies of this report, write:

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Education Publications Center

U.S. Department of Education

P.O. Box 1398

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Via fax, dial (301) 470-1244

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To order online, point your Internet browser to:
www.ed.gov/pubs/edpubs.html.

This report is available on the Department\'s Web site at:
www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/eval/elem.html.

**Introduction to the Report**

The *State ESEA Title I Participation Summary Report for 1997--1998*
summarizes data regarding several aspects of the Title I program
including districts, schools and students served, range of instructional
and support services provided, Title I staffing patterns, and schools'
progress toward meeting performance standards as reported in Title I
performance reports submitted by states. The purpose of the report is to
illustrate the scope of the Title I program during two successive school
years and to identify what might be emerging trends in the design and
implementation of the programs conducted in participating districts and
schools nationwide. The state-by-state tables that follow the text
amplify the participation data and offer readers a detailed look at
several aspects of the Title I program.

This report addresses the Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies
(LEAs) Program (Part A). The purpose of the Part A program is to provide
federal financial assistance to eligible school districts and schools to
assist them in their efforts to have children meet challenging
standards, with a particular emphasis on children who are at risk of not
meeting such standards. The Part A program can provide services to
children as young as preschool and as old as high-school level. This
report also presents information on the Title I State Agency Program for
Neglected or Delinquent Children and Youth (State N or D), a program
originally enacted in 1967 as part of the Elementary and Secondary
Education Act (ESEA). The purpose of the State N or D program is to
provide financial assistance for compensatory education to state
agencies directly responsible for providing free public education to
children in institutions for neglected or delinquent children and
juveniles in adult correctional institutions. Juveniles in adult
correctional institutions are eligible for Title I assistance until
their twenty-second birthday.

The following sections present data and state-by-state summary tables
for two school years, 1996--97 and 1997--98, from the Title I State
Performance Reports. Data for 1997--98 were submitted by the states in
1999, and reviewed, edited, and verified to ensure completeness and
accuracy. Despite this, for some items, states were not able to provide
complete information and those instances are cited in the summary
tables. ED is developing data verification procedures for reporting on
program performance indicators under the Government Performance and
Results Act (GPRA) to improve the quality of data submitted by states
for Title I and other programs.

The 1997--98 achievement results are reported separately in *State
Education Indicators with a Focus on Title I, 1999.* Refer to the
Council of Chief State School Officers\' Web site at:
http://www.ccsso.org.

### Overview of Title I of the ESEA

What is now Title I evolved from landmark legislation, the Elementary
and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. Title I of ESEA was the
beginning of federal aid to the nation's elementary and secondary
schools to compensate for the added costs of educating children from
low-income families and to provide students with additional educational
and cultural experiences not commonly available to disadvantaged
children at that time. Research--then and now--has shown a high
correlation between high poverty and low achievement.

The 1994 reauthorization of Title I of ESEA introduced a new federal
approach built around a framework of standards-driven reform. The goal
was to couple flexibility in the use of resources with attention to
accountability for results. Specifically, under the reauthorized Title
I, services are to be linked to the same rigorous state content and
performance standards[^1] that are expected of all children, and aligned
assessments are to be used to measure students' progress toward meeting
these standards. In addition, states must put in place a system of
accountability designed to identify and assist schools that do not make
adequate progress towards meeting the standards. Finally, the statute
encourages high-poverty schools to develop schoolwide approaches to
improving student performance and overall provides more opportunities
for flexibility when implementing the Title I program. Each of these
four areas is described in greater detail below.

*Standards and Assessments*. By the 1997--98 school year, each state was
to have adopted challenging *content* standards in at least reading and
math, that specify what all children are expected to know and be able to
do. In addition, states are required to develop challenging
*performance* standards that describe students' mastery of the content
standards. The performance standards must include at least three levels
of achievement and must apply equally to all students. Upon completing
the development of standards, each state is required to submit to the
Department evidence that standards are in place and that a rigorous
process was used to adopt the standards. Final assessments, aligned to
state content standards and used to measure the progress of schools in
enabling students to meet the standards, are to be in place in the
2000-2001 school year.

## *Accountability and Improvement*. Using a definition of adequate yearly progress developed by their respective state departments of education, districts must annually review the progress of each Title I school to determine whether the school is making adequate yearly progress toward enabling its students to meet state content standards. Schools that do not make adequately yearly progress for two consecutive years are to be identified for improvement. Corrective actions are to be taken in schools that continue to be low performing for three years after being identified for improvement. The improvement designation can be removed for schools that meet adequate yearly progress targets for two of the three years following the initial designation.

State definitions of adequate yearly progress are to link progress
primarily to performance on the state's final assessment and may include
additional measures such as dropout, retention, and/or attendance rates.
Adequate yearly progress is to be defined in a manner that results in
continuous and substantial yearly improvement of each Tile I school and
district. This improvement should be sufficient to achieve the goal of
all children served under Title I, particularly economically
disadvantaged and limited-English proficient children, meeting the
State's proficient and advanced levels of performance. Until such time
as states have their final assessments in place, states are to devise a
procedure for identifying schools and districts in need of improvement
that rely on accurate information about the continuous and substantial
yearly academic progress of each school and school district.

Because the process for identifying schools and districts does not start
from scratch when new assessments are implemented, schools and districts
may be identified for improvement under different criteria--a
transitional accountability criteria and an adequate yearly progress
definition linked to the final assessment. States must identify for
improvement any school or school district that has not made adequate
yearly progress for two consecutive school years.

*Schoolwide Programs*. High-poverty schools--those with at least 50
percent of their students from low-income families--are encouraged to
develop schoolwide approaches to improving student performance. The
rationale is that achievement in high poverty schools can best be
increased by investing in strategies that will improve the quality of
instruction throughout the school, rather than by providing additional
services to a fraction of the study body. Schoolwide program approaches
are those that are comprehensive in nature, upgrade the entire
educational program for all students in the school, provide additional
flexibility in the use of federal resources, and focus on results for
low-performing students.

*Program Flexibility*. The 1994 reauthorization put in place provisions
designed to provide schools and school districts with greater
flexibility in their use of Title I funds. These provisions included
schoolwide programs, waiver authority, reduction in regulations, and an
increased range of allowable uses for funds.

These approaches seek to eliminate fragmentation of curriculum and
instruction and to promote a coherent and systematic approach in
high-poverty schools.

The reauthorized Title I program is part of a broader standards-based
reform strategy in which Goals 2000 and the Elementary and Secondary
Education Act programs generally (including other programs such as the
Dwight D. Eisenhower Professional Development Program, the Technology
Literacy Challenge Fund, Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities, and
the Bilingual Education programs) focus together on improving schools'
capacity to help all students reach challenging standards.

**Title I School and Local Educational Agency Information**

Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) represents
the single largest investment in elementary and secondary education by
the federal government. This federal aid program was funded in 1996--97
at approximately \$7.2 billion and in 1997--98 at almost \$7.8 billion.
This single program represents almost half (48 percent) of funds
appropriated to support elementary and secondary education. The vast
majority of Title I funds (94 percent) were distributed to school
districts under the Title I Grants to LEAs--Part A program.

![](media/image2.wmf)When shown in constant dollars, funding for the
Title I Grants to LEAs program increased in the late 1980s and leveled
off in the 1990s. However, the funding level for this program increased
again in 1997. (See Figure 1)

There are two funding formulas within the Part A program--Basic Grants
and Concentration Grants. At \$6.2 billion for 1997--98, Basic Grants
are the larger of the two funding streams. Basic Grants provide funds
for school districts with at least 10 federal formula-eligible children,
ages 5--17, who make up more than 2 percent of the overall enrollment
count in that district. Concentration Grants go to districts in which
the number of formula-eligible children exceeds 6,500 or exceeds 15
percent of the district enrollment. Funds devoted to Concentration
Grants amounted to \$1.0 billion in the l997--98 school year. More than
90 percent of districts nationwide receive Title I funding. See Table 2a
for state-by-state counts of participating school districts (LEAs).

Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools

The Title I Grants to LEAs program provides services to students in
schools under two basic program models. The first, targeted assistance,
provides instructional and support services to specific students who are
at the greatest risk of not meeting performance standards. Most TAS
programs assist children with reading difficulties in the primary
grades.

![](media/image2.wmf)The TAS model is typically implemented in Title
I-eligible schools that are not eligible to conduct schoolwide programs
and do not have the highest poverty rates within the school district.
The Title I legislation confers automatic eligibility for Title I
assistance to any public school attendance area with at least a 35
percent poverty rate. Within TAS schools, students are identified to
receive services based on individual need. In these schools, students
generally receive additional instruction within the classroom or in a
"pull out" setting where a subset of children receive services separate
from their regular classroom instruction.

In 1997--98 TAS represented 60 percent of the schools served by Title I
during that school year. As Figure 2 illustrates, however, the number of
schools conducting targeted assistance models is declining while the
number of schools conducting schoolwide programs is steadily increasing.
See Table 1a for state-by-state counts of participating targeted
assistance schools.

Under the schoolwide approach, Title I funds are used to upgrade entire
school curriculums for all students in the school. In order to qualify
to conduct a schoolwide program, schools must have at least 50 percent
of the students in the school from low-income families, unless the state
or ED has approved a waiver request to lower the poverty threshold.
While the statute provides several options for poverty data sources,
student eligibility for free- or reduced-price lunches under the U.S.
Department of Agriculture's Child Nutrition Programs is the most
frequently used measure.

In 1997--98, states reported that almost 48,000 schools participated in
the Title I program. Of those, more than 19,000, or 40 percent, operated
schoolwide programs. This figure represents an increase of 28 percent
more than the number of schoolwide programs reported for 1996--97. The
large increase in the number of schoolwide programs from 1994--95 to
1996--97 is due primarily to a change in the statute. Prior to 1994--95,
the threshold for participation as a schoolwide school was 75 percent.
This threshold was reduced to 60 percent for 1995--96 and 50 percent for
1996--97. (See Figure 2 and Tables 1a and 1b)

As a result of these large increases, the overall number of students
served by Title I has also increased significantly because schoolwide
program participant counts include *all* students in the school.

### School and School District Improvement

As noted earlier, the Title I statute requires districts to annually
review the progress of each Title I school to determine whether the
school is making adequate yearly progress toward enabling its students
to meet state content standards. Schools that do not make adequately
yearly progress for two consecutive years are to be identified for
improvement. A school that is identified for improvement must (1)
develop or revise its school plan in ways that have the greatest
likelihood of improving student performance; (2) submit the new or
revised plan to the district for approval; and (3) devote over two
consecutive years, an amount equivalent to 10 percent of its annual
Title I allocation, to professional development, or otherwise
demonstrate that the school is effectively carrying out professional
development activities.

Districts are to provide technical and other assistance to schools
identified for improvement as they develop or implement their new or
revised plans. States are to establish statewide systems of support to
assist schools, including those identified for improvement. The system
is to include school support teams consisting of persons with expertise
in a variety of areas related to school improvement distinguished
schools and distinguished educators. Upon request, states are to use
this statewide system of support to provide technical assistance to
schools farthest from meeting the state's challenging student
performance standards.

Districts may take corrective actions in schools at any point after
providing technical assistance and other remedies. However, districts
must take corrective actions in schools that continue to be low
performing (i.e. do not meet adequate yearly progress) for three
additional years after being identified for improvement. Corrective
actions may take many forms, consistent with state and local law. For
example, a LEA could implement a new research-based curriculum, along
with appropriate professional development, that offers substantial
promise of improving educational achievement for low-performing
students. Or, a LEA could require a school to implement a comprehensive
school reform model. Other corrective actions available to LEAs include
withholding funds or specifying their use; otherwise decreasing
school-level decision-making authority; reconstituting the school staff;
making alternative governance arrangements such as the creation of a
public charter school; or authorizing students to transfer to other
public schools served by the LEA.

In the same manner that districts review the progress of schools, states
are to annually review the progress of districts in enabling students to
meet state academic content standards. Districts that do not meet
adequate yearly progress targets for two consecutive years are to be
identified for improvement. States may take corrective action in
districts identified for improvement at any time after providing
technical assistance and other remedies. Corrective action must be taken
in districts that continue to be low performing (not meet adequate
yearly progress targets) for four years after being identified for
improvement.

**Schools Identified for Improvement**

![](media/image2.wmf)

States reported that, overall, 19 percent of the nearly 48,000 schools
that participated in the Title I program in 1997--98 were identified for
improvement. When viewed separately, 25 percent of the higher-poverty
schoolwide schools and 15 percent of targeted assistance schools were
identified for improvement. All of these percentages represent an
increase from the figures reported by the states for 1996--97. Tables
2b, 3a, and 3b provide a state-by-state illustration of the two-years of
data, as well as footnotes to assist in the interpretation of the data.
There is wide fluctuation in these data for both years.

Due to the varying identification standards and procedures among the
states, caution should be used in drawing any national conclusions based
on state totals of low performing schools. Possible explanations for
significant increases include implementation of a new, more rigorous
assessment and insufficient time for most schools identified in prior
years to exit improvement because they must show improvement in two of
three years to exit school improvement. The Department is in the process
of gathering additional information that might explain the within-state
fluctuations. This information will soon be released as a separate
report on Low Performing Schools. (See Figure 3 and Tables 2b, 3a, and
3b)

### School Districts Identified for Improvement

![](media/image2.wmf)In 1997--98, states reported that 12,960 school
districts participated in the Title I Grants to LEAs program, a
reduction of approximately 3 percent from the previous year. Among these
districts, 2,551 were identified for improvement based on state-level
criteria. This figure represents 20 percent of all Title I school
districts. However, the 1996--97 and 1997--98 figures should be
interpreted with caution. The large increase in the number of school
districts identified for improvement between the two years does not
necessarily indicate that greater numbers of school districts are
failing to meet student needs. The criteria used to identify school
districts for improvement are developed within each state and therefore
are not consistent from state to state. In addition, ten states failed
to provide this information for 1996--97 and six did not report for
1997--98. Much of the increase between these two years is due to more
complete reporting. (See Figure 4 and Table 2a)

**Title I Student Participation**

**Overall Participation Patterns**

![](media/image2.wmf)After earlier declines in the number of students
participating in Title I (1980--1983), participation has steadily
increased. This increase was particularly dramatic recently, due to
increases in the number of schoolwide programs in which all students are
program beneficiaries. The overall numbers of Title I participants
increased to 12,524,079 in 1997--98. This represents an increase of 11
percent over the 1996--97 participation level of 11,294,693 students.
Within this increase, participation of private school students exceeded
the highest numbers served since the 1981--82 school year. (See Figure 5
and Tables 4 and 5)

### Grade Level Participation

![](media/image2.wmf)Despite the significant increase in the number of
participants in the Title I Grants to LEAs program, the participation
rate by grade level was virtually unchanged from past years. Both public
and nonpublic student participation was concentrated in the elementary
grades, where literacy and numeracy assistance in the early grades is a
common strategy.

Local neglected or delinquent (N or D)[^2] participation was primarily
in the secondary grades. The largest concentration of pre-kindergarten
and kindergarten students was in public schoolwide schools. (See Figure
6 and Tables 6a and 6b)

### Racial and Ethnic Classification

![](media/image2.wmf)In 1997--98, 35 percent of Title I participants
were non-Hispanic whites and 29 percent were black non-Hispanic. Since
1979--80, the percentage of Hispanic Title I participants increased from
16 to 29 percent while the percentage of non-Hispanic white participants
decreased from 53 to 35 percent and the percentage of black non-Hispanic
participants decreased from 31 to 29 percent. The percentage of
participants from other racial and ethnic groups including American
Indian/Alaskan Natives and Asian/Pacific Islanders remained unchanged
during this period. Caution in interpreting these demographics is
necessary, however, because Arizona was unable to provide 1996--97
racial and ethnic classification data. (See Figures 7 and 8 and Tables 7
and 8)

### 

### 

### Special Populations Served by Title I

A significant proportion of Title I participants are students from
special populations who are at risk of not meeting student performance
standards. These special needs children include **students with
disabilities** who represented 10 percent of the Title I participants,
an increase from 9 percent in 1996--97. Seventeen percent of Title I
participants were classified as **students with limited English
proficiency**, the same overall percentage reported in 1996--97. One
percent of Title I students in 1997--98 were identified as having been
**homeless** at some time and 3 percent of Title I participants were
children of **migratory** workers. All but two states reported data on
the number of homeless children participating in Title I and the data
for children classified as migrant was reported for all but four small
states. Refer to Tables 9-12 for state-by-state participation
information for these special populations.

Caution in interpreting year-to-year changes, however, is advised. For
example, one state reported a 1996--97 rate of 12 percent and a 1997--98
rate of 34 percent for Title I participants with disabilities. With the
limited English proficiency data, four states were unable to provide
information for this item for the 1996--97 school year and a fifth state
was unable to report counts for 1997--98. Finally, the drop in the
percentage of participants identified as homeless is due primarily to
decreases in 4 states.

**Services Supported by Title I**

**Instructional Services**

![](media/image2.wmf)The two years of service area data from the states
indicate a slight shift in the proportion of students participating in
three instructional areas. While the percentage of TAS students
receiving reading/language arts assistance decreased from 94 percent in
1996--97 to 81 percent in 1997--98, the percentage of students receiving
mathematics and science assistance increased slightly. The reader is
advised that instructional services are reported *only* for participants
in TAS schools, because schoolwide programs serve all students and
upgrade the entire instructional program in those high-poverty schools.
Additionally, the drop in the overall percentage of students receiving
reading services was due primarily to a decrease in the reported number
of participants receiving this service in California. (See Figure 9 and
Table 13)

#### Other Support Services

As in past years, small percentages of TAS students received Title
I-funded support services. In 1997--98, 15 percent of students received
Title I-supported guidance/counseling/social work, 9 percent received
health/dental services, and 5 percent received other support services
such as transportation, home visits, nutrition and clothing, and speech
therapy. (See Figure 9 and Table 13)

**Family Literacy Services**

![](media/image2.wmf)

The Title I legislation provides authority for school districts to
conduct literacy programs for parents of Title I students in an attempt
to reach more adults with low literacy rates in collaboration with adult
education program providers. Research continues to show a link between
the education level of mothers and the achievement levels of their
children.

Overall, in 1997--98, data from 50 states and the District of Columbia
show an increase from 10 to 14 percent in the number of school districts
providing Title I-supported family literacy. However, several states
were unable to provide this information and some chose to use the number
of Even Start programs in their state as a proxy. (See Figure 10 and
Table 14)

### Extended Time Instructional Programs

A key variable in the ability of districts, schools and students to
achieve high performance standards is time. Research has shown that
extended time instructional activities, such as before- and after-school
programs, and summer programs that are of high quality and are linked to
standards-based curriculum have the promise of increasing student
achievement. In 1997--98, 49 states and the District of Columbia
reported that there were 15,736 Title I extended time instructional
programs in operation--a conservative increase of 15 percent more
programs than those operated during the 1996--97 school year. Refer to
Table 15 for by-state figures and note that several states did not
report counts of extended time programs during the two-year period.

![](media/image2.wmf)

**Title I Staffing Patterns**

As part of the revised data collection instrument, states were asked to
provide full-time equivalent (FTE) staffing information for targeted
assistance schools only. The reasoning for this change was that in some
schoolwide schools, the school would not be able to identify the staff
members funded with Title I funds because the statute allows schoolwide
schools to commingle the funding sources. However, approximately
one-third of the states provided staff information for both targeted
assistance and schoolwide schools combined. A pair of columns in Table
16a provides the detailed information submitted by each state for both
1996--97 and 1997--98, with a note indicating that two states were
unable to provide information for this data item.

Almost one-half (48 percent) of the staff funded by Title I in 1997--98
were teachers. This represents an increase in the proportion of FTE
staff classified as teachers from 1996--97 and the first noticeable
change in this proportion since 1981--82.

![](media/image2.wmf)While 37 percent of the staff funded by Title I in
1997--98 were teacher aides, this represents a 3 percent decrease in the
proportion of FTE staff classified as teacher aides from 1996--97. As
with the Title I teaching force, this is the first notable change in the
rate of staffing since the 1980s when teacher aides represented 45
percent of the Title I staff. Teachers and teacher aides made up 85
percent of the total staff funded by Title I dollars. This second
proportion has not changed significantly since 1981--82. The FTE numbers
of local administrators comprised a small proportion of staff (3
percent), a 13 percent decrease in the overall number of FTE
administrators from the previous year. (See Figures 11 and 12 and Tables
16 and 17)

**Information on the Title I State Agency Program for Neglected or
Delinquent Children and Youth**

![](media/image2.wmf)**Participation by Type of Institution**

Data providers were asked to report the number of State Neglected (N) or
Delinquent (D) participants receiving Title I services through each of
three types of institutions: Neglected, Delinquent, and Adult
Correctional. In 1997--98, 30 percent of State Agency N or D
participants were classified as neglected, 56 percent were classified as
delinquent and 14 percent were classified as adult correctional. (See
Figure 13 and Table 18)

### Institution-Wide Programs

The 1994 reauthorization of ESEA expanded schoolwide eligibility to
institutions and, as a result, many institutions now use Title I State N
or D funds to provide services institution-wide to students in
state-supported institutions, state-operated institutions, or community
day programs. Only institutions serving neglected or delinquent
participants are eligible; adult correctional institutions may not use
the institution-wide option.

In 1997--98, 47 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia
reported on their use of institution-wide programs. Among these states,
170 (or 16 percent) of the neglected and delinquent institutions
provided services to students using the institution-wide option. (See
Table 19)

### Use of Title I State Administration Funds

The 1994 reauthorization of ESEA permitted states to consolidate their
Title I administrative funds with other ESEA funds if they could
demonstrate that more than half of their administrative resources were
comprised of state funds. The program funds eligible for consolidation
with Title I funds in 1997--98 were the Eisenhower Professional
Development Program (Title II of ESEA), technology education (Title III
of ESEA), Even Start (Title I-B of ESEA), Title I Migrant (Title I-C of
ESEA), Neglected, Delinquent and Dropout Prevention (Title I-D of ESEA),
the Safe and Drug Free Communities Program (Title IV of ESEA), the
Innovative Strategies Program (Title VI of ESEA), and the Goals 2000
Program (Educate America Act). This change was in keeping with the idea
that consolidated, rather than fragmented resources, would create a more
coherent system of state leadership and oversight of the ESEA programs
outlined above.

Starting with the 1996--97 school year, states were asked to report on
their use of Title I state administrative funds that they do not
consolidate with other ESEA administrative program resources. The states
were asked to break out their administrative funds into three
activities:

-   basic program operation and compliance monitoring,

-   statewide program services such as development of standards and
    assessments, curriculum development, and program evaluation, and

-   technical assistance and other direct support to local educational
    agencies and schools.

Twenty-two states and the District of Columbia consolidate their
administration funds and therefore did not report this information.
Among the remaining 30 states, 52 percent of the state administration
funds were used for basic program operation and compliance monitoring
and 33 percent of the administrative funds were used for technical
assistance. (See Table 20)

**Table 1a**

######## Number of Targeted Assistance (TAS) Schools, by State, 1996--97 and 1997--98

+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|               | **1996 |        |        | **1997 |        |        |
|               | --97** |        |        | --98** |        |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| ###### State  | **     | **     | **P    | **     | **     | **P    |
|               | Number | Number | ercent | Number | Number | ercent |
|               | of     | TAS    | TAS    | of     | TAS    | TAS    |
|               | Title  | Sch    | Sch    | Title  | Sch    | Sch    |
|               | I      | ools** | ools** | I      | ools** | ools** |
|               | Sch    |        |        | Sch    |        |        |
|               | ools** |        |        | ools** |        |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Alabama       | 789    | 345    | 44     | 788    | 303    | 38     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Alaska        | 205    | 144    | 70     | 231    | 137    | 59     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Arizona       | 778    | 422    | 54     | 737    | 386    | 52     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Arkansas      | 799    | 543    | 68     | 789    | 431    | 55     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| California    | 4,166  | 2,544  | 61     | 3,865  | 1,079  | 28     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Colorado      | 549    | 483    | 88     | 585    | 479    | 82     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Connecticut   | 398    | 341    | 86     | 420    | 335    | 80     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Delaware      | 112    | 109    | 97     | 108    | 96     | 89     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| District of   | 97     | 13     | 13     | 101    | 12     | 12     |
| Columbia      |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Florida       | 916    | 154    | 17     | 972    | 124    | 13     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Georgia       | 987    | 660    | 67     | 1,024  | 570    | 56     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Hawaii        | 117    | 53     | 45     | 129    | 27     | 21     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Idaho         | 372    | 308    | 83     | 397    | 329    | 83     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Illinois      | 2,305  | 1,788  | 78     | 2,710  | 2,140  | 79     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Indiana       | 844    | 763    | 90     | 830    | 716    | 86     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Iowa          | 799    | 744    | 93     | 776    | 689    | 89     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Kansas        | 672    | 534    | 79     | 698    | 536    | 77     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Kentucky      | 886    | 365    | 41     | 872    | 246    | 28     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Louisiana     | 841    | 290    | 34     | 867    | 153    | 18     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Maine         | 416    | 378    | 91     | 425    | 379    | 89     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Maryland      | 269    | 126    | 47     | 406    | 167    | 41     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Massachusetts | 841    | 604    | 72     | 904    | 575    | 64     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Michigan      | 1,964  | 1,500  | 76     | 1,849  | 1,296  | 70     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Minnesota     | 887    | 784    | 88     | 833    | 681    | 82     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Mississippi   | 670    | 224    | 33     | 670    | 158    | 24     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Missouri      | 1,255  | 551    | 44     | 1,255  | 1,255  | 100    |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Montana       | 618    | 535    | 87     | 620    | 539    | 87     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Nebraska      | 480    | 435    | 91     | 494    | 424    | 86     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Nevada        | 91     | 63     | 69     | 90     | 52     | 58     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| New Hampshire | 233    | 223    | 96     | 220    | 207    | 94     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| New Jersey    | 1,173  | 1,097  | 94     | 1,207  | 1,075  | 89     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| New Mexico    | 487    | 378    | 78     | 440    | 293    | 67     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| New York      | 2,593  | 2,113  | 81     | 2,779  | 2,047  | 74     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| North         | 974    | 486    | 50     | 1,021  | 449    | 44     |
| Carolina      |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| North Dakota  | 281    | 265    | 94     | 283    | 264    | 93     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Ohio          | 1,789  | 1,446  | 81     | 2,067  | 1,444  | 70     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Oklahoma      | 1,079  | 281    | 26     | 1,122  | 565    | 50     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Oregon        | 647    | 532    | 82     | 624    | 453    | 73     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Pennsylvania  | 1,735  | 1,396  | 80     | 1,734  | 1,373  | 79     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Rhode Island  | 138    | 112    | 81     | 134    | 86     | 64     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| South         | 477    | 139    | 29     | 495    | 96     | 19     |
| Carolina      |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| South Dakota  | 380    | 322    | 85     | 372    | 301    | 81     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Tennessee     | 738    | 407    | 55     | 743    | 337    | 45     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Texas         | 3,923  | 1,071  | 27     | 4,017  | 807    | 20     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Utah          | 255    | 184    | 72     | 242    | 166    | 69     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Vermont       | 230    | 219    | 95     | 220    | 198    | 90     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Virginia      | 699    | 601    | 86     | 729    | 574    | 79     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Washington    | 905    | 721    | 80     | 933    | 661    | 71     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| West Virginia | 471    | 287    | 61     | 459    | 201    | 44     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Wisconsin     | 1,666  | 1,492  | 90     | 1,706  | 1,520  | 89     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Wyoming       | 127    | 95     | 75     | 136    | 106    | 78     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Bureau of     | 173    | 3      | 2      | 173    | 0      | 0      |
| Indian        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Affairs       |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Puerto Rico   | 1,358  | 1,086  | 80     | 1,376  | 913    | 66     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Total**     | **46   | **30   | **66** | **47   | **28   | **60** |
|               | ,654** | ,759** |        | ,677** | ,450** |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

**Notes:** **Missouri** was unable to provide information on the number
of schools broken out by TAS and SWP.

> Substantial increases in the number of TAS schools were reported by
> **Illinois**, **Maryland** and **Oklahoma. California**, **Hawaii**,
> **Kentucky**, **Louisiana**, **South Carolina**, **West Virginia** and
> the **Bureau of Indian Affairs** reported substantial decreases in the
> number of TAS schools.

**Table 1b**

**Number of Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools, by State, 1996--97 and
1997--98**

  ---------------- -------------- ------------ ----------- -------------- ------------ -----------
                   **1996--97**                            **1997--98**                

  **State**        **Number of    **Number SWP **Percent   **Number of    **Number SWP **Percent
                   Title I        Schools**    SWP         Title I        Schools**    SWP
                   Schools**                   Schools**   Schools**                   Schools**

  Alabama          789            444          56          788            485          62

  Alaska           205            61           30          231            94           41

  Arizona          778            356          46          737            351          48

  Arkansas         799            256          32          789            358          45

  California       4,166          1,622        39          3,865          2,786        72

  Colorado         549            66           12          585            106          18

  Connecticut      398            57           14          420            85           20

  Delaware         112            3            3           108            12           11

  District of      97             84           87          101            89           88
  Columbia                                                                             

  Florida          916            762          83          972            848          87

  Georgia          987            327          33          1,024          454          44

  Hawaii           117            64           55          129            102          79

  Idaho            372            64           17          397            68           17

  Illinois         2,305          517          22          2,710          570          21

  Indiana          844            81           10          830            114          14

  Iowa             799            55           7           776            87           11

  Kansas           672            138          21          698            162          23

  Kentucky         886            521          59          872            626          72

  Louisiana        841            551          66          867            714          82

  Maine            416            38           9           425            46           11

  Maryland         269            143          53          406            239          59

  Massachusetts    841            237          28          904            329          36

  Michigan         1,964          464          24          1,849          553          30

  Minnesota        887            103          12          833            152          18

  Mississippi      670            446          67          670            512          76

  Missouri         1,255                                   1,255                       

  Montana          618            83           13          620            81           13

  Nebraska         480            45           9           494            70           14

  Nevada           91             28           31          90             38           42

  New Hampshire    233            10           4           220            13           6

  New Jersey       1,173          76           6           1,207          132          11

  New Mexico       487            109          22          440            147          33

  New York         2,593          480          19          2,779          732          26

  North Carolina   974            488          50          1,021          572          56

  North Dakota     281            16           6           283            19           7

  Ohio             1,789          343          19          2,067          623          30

  Oklahoma         1,079          498          46          1,122          557          50

  Oregon           647            115          18          624            171          27

  Pennsylvania     1,735          339          20          1,734          361          21

  Rhode Island     138            26           19          134            48           36

  South Carolina   477            338          71          495            399          81

  South Dakota     380            58           15          372            71           19

  Tennessee        738            331          45          743            406          55

  Texas            3,923          2,852        73          4,017          3,210        80

  Utah             255            71           28          242            76           31

  Vermont          230            11           5           220            22           10

  Virginia         699            98           14          729            155          21

  Washington       905            184          20          933            272          29

  West Virginia    471            184          39          459            258          56

  Wisconsin        1,666          174          10          1,706          186          11

  Wyoming          127            32           25          136            30           22

  Bureau of Indian 173            170          98          173            173          100
  Affairs                                                                              

  Puerto Rico      1,358          272          20          1,376          463          34

  **Total**        **46,654**     **14,891**   **32**      **47,677**     **19,227**   **40**
  ---------------- -------------- ------------ ----------- -------------- ------------ -----------

**Notes:** **Missouri** was unable to provide information on the number
of schools broken out by TAS and SWP. As a result, no percent SWP
calculation is shown for **Missouri** and the overall percent SWP figure
shown in this table is deflated.

**Table 2a**

**Participating Title I Local Education Agencies (LEAs) Identified for
Improvement, by State, 1996--97 and 1997--98**

  ---------------- -------------- ---------------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------- ----------------
                   **1996--97**                                     **1997--98**                    

  **State**        **Total        **Number in      **% in           **Total        **Number in      **% in
                   Number**       Improve-ment**   Improve-ment**   Number**       Improve-ment**   Improve-ment**

  Alabama          126            23               18               127            0                0

  Alaska           48                                               50                              

  Arizona          321            28               9                261            26               10

  Arkansas         312            44               14               312            27               9

  California       876                                              744            154              21

  Colorado         167            1                1                167            2                1

  Connecticut      117            10               9                122            7                6

  Delaware         21                                               22                              

  District of      1              1                100              1                               
  Columbia                                                                                          

  Florida          67                                               67                              

  Georgia          180                                              180            59               33

  Hawaii           1                                                1                               

  Idaho            110            20               18               108            31               29

  Illinois         806            14               2                808            13               2

  Indiana          285                                              285                             

  Iowa             379            28               7                377            0                0

  Kansas           302            65               22               302            63               21

  Kentucky         175            77               44               174            141              81

  Louisiana        66             1                2                66             0                0

  Maine            188            58               31               189            48               25

  Maryland         24             0                0                24             7                29

  Massachusetts    247            23               9                267            101              38

  Michigan         603            10               2                525            385              73

  Minnesota        350            36               10               350            36               10

  Mississippi      153            37               24               152            41               27

  Missouri         520            477              92               520            436              84

  Montana          309            35               11               306            29               9

  Nebraska         320            60               19               307            47               15

  Nevada           17             14               82               17             13               76

  New Hampshire    130            0                0                130            2                2

  New Jersey       460            40               9                460                             

  New Mexico       88             71               81               88             68               77

  New York         645            61               9                650            49               8

  North Carolina   117            0                0                117            0                0

  North Dakota     207                                              204            0                0

  Ohio             595                                              590            237              40

  Oklahoma         542            38               7                534            81               15

  Oregon           179            2                1                170            3                2

  Pennsylvania     479            31               6                486            21               4

  Rhode Island     37                                               36             36               100

  South Carolina   91                                               86             11               13

  South Dakota     389            10               3                176            8                5

  Tennessee        139            7                5                138            17               12

  Texas            1,010          4                0                1,004          5                0

  Utah             40             0                0                40             0                0

  Vermont          60                                               59             0                0

  Virginia         133            46               35               132            46               35

  Washington       286            93               33               276            93               34

  West Virginia    55             0                0                55             10               18

  Wisconsin        388            0                0                388            14               4

  Wyoming          42             5                12               136            36               26

  Bureau of Indian 173            5                3                173            148              86
  Affairs                                                                                           

  Puerto Rico      1                                                1                               

  **Total**        **13,375**     **1,470**        **11**           **12,960**     **2,551**        **20**
  ---------------- -------------- ---------------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------- ----------------

**Notes:** The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states. In
1996--97, **thirteen states** did not submit information regarding the
number of LEAs identified for improvement. This figure was reduced to
**eight states** for 1997--98. Blank cells in this table indicate that
the state did not report this information.

The overall reduction in the number of Title I school districts is due
primarily to changes in **Arizona**, **California**, **Michigan**, and
**South Dakota**. **Wyoming**, on the other hand, reported a significant
increase in the number of participating school districts.

**Table 2b**

**Participating Title I Schools Identified for School Improvement, by
State,**

**1996--97 and 1997--98**

  ---------------- -------------- ---------------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------- ----------------
                   **1996--97**                                     **1997--98**                    

  **State**        **Total        **Number in      **% in           **Total        **Number in      **% in
                   Number**       Improve-ment**   Improve-ment**   Number**       Improve-ment**   Improve-ment**

  Alabama          789            248              31               788            26               3

  Alaska           205            24               12               231            11               5

  Arizona          778            42               5                737            107              15

  Arkansas         799            101              13               789            53               7

  California       4,166          330              8                3,865          1,307            34

  Colorado         549            15               3                585            13               2

  Connecticut      398            95               24               420            102              24

  Delaware         112            29               26               108            39               36

  District of      97             82               85               101            60               59
  Columbia                                                                                          

  Florida          916            29               3                972            3                0

  Georgia          987            236              24               1,024          537              52

  Hawaii           117            37               32               129            77               60

  Idaho            372            45               12               397            44               11

  Illinois         2,305          93               4                2,710          62               2

  Indiana          844            242              29               830            257              31

  Iowa             799            28               4                776            28               4

  Kansas           672            147              22               698            144              21

  Kentucky         886            356              40               872            634              73

  Louisiana        841            30               4                867            162              19

  Maine            416            127              31               425            307              72

  Maryland         269            59               22               406            31               8

  Massachusetts    841            97               12               904            422              47

  Michigan         1,964          641              33               1,849          1,048            57

  Minnesota        887            98               11               833            103              12

  Mississippi      670            129              19               670            108              16

  Missouri         1,255          551              44               1,255          551              44

  Montana          618            53               9                620            63               10

  Nebraska         480            102              21               494            80               16

  Nevada           91             64               70               90             62               69

  New Hampshire    233            1                0                220            2                1

  New Jersey       1,173          185              16               1,207                           

  New Mexico       487            394              81               440            182              41

  New York         2,593          410              16               2,779          410              15

  North Carolina   974            74               8                1,021          76               7

  North Dakota     281            16               6                283            16               6

  Ohio             1,789          680              38               2,067          450              22

  Oklahoma         1,079          37               3                1,122          81               7

  Oregon           647            29               4                624            9                1

  Pennsylvania     1,735          215              12               1,734          204              12

  Rhode Island     138            23               17               134            1                1

  South Carolina   477            88               18               495            97               20

  South Dakota     380            10               3                372            8                2

  Tennessee        738            118              16               743            118              16

  Texas            3,923          40               1                4,017          55               1

  Utah             255            7                3                242            20               8

  Vermont          230            14               6                220            10               5

  Virginia         699            152              22               729            152              21

  Washington       905            176              19               933            172              18

  West Virginia    471            60               13               459            146              32

  Wisconsin        1,666          139              8                1,706          211              12

  Wyoming          127            23               18               136            36               26

  Bureau of Indian 173            160              92               173            148              86
  Affairs                                                                                           

  Puerto Rico      1,358          435              32               1,376          150              11

  **Total**        **46,654**     **7,616**        **16**           **47,677**     **9,195**        **19**
  ---------------- -------------- ---------------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------- ----------------

**Notes:** The 1996--97 figures shown in this table for **Colorado**,
**Idaho**, **Missouri**, **North** **Carolina**, and **Washington** used
early 1997--98 figures as a proxy for 1996--97 and **New Jersey** was
unable to provide 1997--98 information on the number of schools
identified for improvement. Blank cells in this table indicate that the
state did not report this information.

Many states showed significant changes in the number of schools
identified for improvement. **Arizona**, **California**, **Delaware**,
**Georgia**, **Hawaii**, **Iowa**, **Kentucky**, **Maine**,
**Massachusetts**, **Michigan**, and **West Virginia** showed increases
while **Arkansas**, **District of Columbia**, **New Mexico**, **Ohio**,
**Puerto Rico**, **Rhode Island**, and the **Bureau of Indian Affairs**
showed decreases. The Department is in the process of gathering
additional information that might explain the within-state fluctuations.

**Table 3a**

**Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) in School Improvement, by State,
1996--97 and 1997--98**

+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
|               | **199   |         |      | **199   |         |      |
|               | 6--97** |         |      | 7--98** |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **State**     | *       | *       | **%  | *       | *       | **%  |
|               | *Number | *Number | in   | *Number | *Number | in   |
|               | of      | in      | Im   | of      | in      | Im   |
|               | Sc      | Imp     | prov | Sc      | Imp     | prov |
|               | hools** | rove-** | e-me | hools** | rove-** | e-me |
|               |         |         | nt** |         |         | nt** |
|               |         | *       |      |         | *       |      |
|               |         | *ment** |      |         | *ment** |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alabama       | 345     | 23      | 36   | 303     | 2       | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alaska        | 144     | 15      | 4    | 137     | 7       | 5    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arizona       | 422     | 21      | 19   | 386     | 42      | 11   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arkansas      | 543     | 67      | 9    | 431     | 19      | 4    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| California    | 2,544   | 139     | 5    | 1,079   | 225     | 21   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Colorado      | 483     | 12      | 2    | 479     | 11      | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Connecticut   | 341     | 58      | 53   | 335     | 57      | 17   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Delaware      | 109     | 27      | 33   | 96      | 35      | 36   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| District of   | 13      |         | 60   | 12      | 7       | 58   |
| Columbia      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Florida       | 154     | 0       | 0    | 124     | 0       | 0    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Georgia       | 660     | 138     | 49   | 570     | 313     | 55   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Hawaii        | 53      | 11      | 70   | 27      | 6       | 22   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Idaho         | 308     | 45      | 4    | 329     | 41      | 12   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Illinois      | 1,788   | 23      | 8    | 2,140   | 16      | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Indiana       | 763     | 211     | 61   | 716     | 188     | 26   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Iowa          | 744     | 8       | 67   | 689     | 8       | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kansas        | 534     | 110     | 25   | 536     | 103     | 19   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kentucky      | 365     | 166     | 76   | 246     | 161     | 65   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Louisiana     | 290     | 10      | 22   | 153     | 4       | 3    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maine         | 378     | 109     | 48   | 379     | 285     | 75   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maryland      | 126     | 15      | 11   | 167     | 4       | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Massachusetts | 604     | 46      | 82   | 575     | 152     | 26   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Michigan      | 1,500   | 630     | 60   | 1,296   | 715     | 55   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Minnesota     | 784     | 69      | 28   | 681     | 60      | 9    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Mississippi   | 224     | 18      | 21   | 158     | 1       | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Missouri      | 1,255   | 551     |      | 1,255   | 551     | 44   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Montana       | 535     | 22      | 44   | 539     | 27      | 5    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nebraska      | 435     | 97      | 21   | 424     | 65      | 15   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nevada        | 63      | 47      | 74   | 52      | 34      | 65   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Hampshire | 223     | 1       | 0    | 207     | 2       | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Jersey    | 1,097   | 125     |      | 1,075   |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Mexico    | 378     | 313     | 40   | 293     | 123     | 42   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New York      | 2,113   | 226     | 25   | 2,047   | 226     | 11   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North         | 486     | 20      | 12   | 449     | 7       | 2    |
| Carolina      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North Dakota  | 265     | 9       | 58   | 264     | 5       | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Ohio          | 1,446   | 443     | 22   | 1,444   | 314     | 22   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oklahoma      | 581     | 6       | 11   | 565     | 22      | 4    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oregon        | 532     | 22      | 3    | 453     | 4       | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Pennsylvania  | 1,396   | 43      | 49   | 1,373   | 26      | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Rhode Island  | 112     | 23      | 0    | 86      | 1       | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South         | 139     | 9       | 24   | 96      | 2       | 2    |
| Carolina      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South Dakota  | 322     | 10      | 1    | 301     | 7       | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Tennessee     | 407     | 29      | 24   | 337     | 22      | 7    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Texas         | 1,071   | 6       | 2    | 807     | 4       | 0    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Utah          | 184     | 5       | 20   | 166     | 5       | 3    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Vermont       | 219     | 14      | 5    | 198     | 9       | 5    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Virginia      | 601     | 96      | 36   | 574     | 96      | 17   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Washington    | 721     | 120     | 30   | 661     | 90      | 14   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| West Virginia | 287     | 31      | 40   | 201     | 44      | 22   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wisconsin     | 1,492   | 20      | 84   | 1,520   | 54      | 4    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wyoming       | 95      | 15      | 20   | 106     | 30      | 28   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Bureau of     | 3       | 3       | 28   | 0       |         |      |
| Indian        |         |         |      |         |         |      |
| Affairs       |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Puerto Rico   | 1,086   | 315     | 8    | 913     | 115     | 13   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **Total**     | **3     | **      | **   | **2     | **      | **   |
|               | 1,763** | 4,592** | 14** | 8,450** | 4,347** | 15** |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+

**Notes:** The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states.
For 1996--97, the **District of Columbia** was unable to provide the
number of targeted assistance schools identified for improvement and two
states **(Missouri** and **Rhode Island**) were unable to provide the
information broken out by TAS and SWP. For 1997--98, **Missouri** was
unable to provide the information broken out by TAS and SWP and **New
Jersey** was unable to provide information on the number of schools
identified for improvement. Blank cells in this table indicate that the
state did not report this information.

**Table 3b**

**Schoolwide (SWP) Schools in School Improvement, by State, 1996--97 and
1997--98**

+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
|               | **199   |         |      | **199   |         |      |
|               | 6--97** |         |      | 7--98** |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **State**     | *       | *       | **%  | *       | *       | **%  |
|               | *Number | *Number | in   | *Number | *Number | in   |
|               | of      | in      | Im   | of      | in      | Im   |
|               | Sc      | Imp     | prov | Sc      | Imp     | prov |
|               | hools** | rove-** | e-me | hools** | rove-** | e-me |
|               |         |         | nt** |         |         | nt** |
|               |         | *       |      |         | *       |      |
|               |         | *ment** |      |         | *ment** |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alabama       | 444     | 225     | 2    | 485     | 24      | 5    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alaska        | 61      | 9       | 5    | 94      | 4       | 4    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arizona       | 356     | 21      | 11   | 351     | 65      | 19   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arkansas      | 256     | 34      | 4    | 358     | 34      | 9    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| California    | 1,622   | 191     | 12   | 2,786   | 1,082   | 39   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Colorado      | 66      | 3       | 2    | 106     | 2       | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Connecticut   | 57      | 37      | 17   | 85      | 45      | 53   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Delaware      | 3       | 2       | 36   | 12      | 4       | 33   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| District of   | 84      | 82      | 58   | 89      | 53      | 60   |
| Columbia      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Florida       | 762     | 29      | 0    | 848     | 3       | 0    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Georgia       | 327     | 98      | 55   | 454     | 224     | 49   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Hawaii        | 64      | 26      | 22   | 102     | 71      | 70   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Idaho         | 64      | 0       | 12   | 68      | 3       | 4    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Illinois      | 517     | 70      | 1    | 570     | 46      | 8    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Indiana       | 81      | 31      | 26   | 114     | 69      | 61   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Iowa          | 55      | 20      | 44   | 87      | 20      | 23   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kansas        | 138     | 37      | 19   | 162     | 41      | 25   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kentucky      | 521     | 190     | 65   | 626     | 473     | 76   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Louisiana     | 551     | 20      | 3    | 714     | 158     | 22   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maine         | 38      | 18      | 75   | 46      | 22      | 48   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maryland      | 143     | 44      | 2    | 239     | 27      | 11   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Massachusetts | 237     | 51      | 26   | 329     | 270     | 82   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Michigan      | 464     | 11      | 55   | 553     | 333     | 60   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Minnesota     | 103     | 29      | 9    | 152     | 43      | 28   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Mississippi   | 446     | 111     | 1    | 512     | 107     | 21   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Missouri      | \-      | \-      | 44   |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Montana       | 83      | 31      | 5    | 81      | 36      | 44   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nebraska      | 45      | 5       | 15   | 70      | 15      | 21   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nevada        | 28      | 17      | 65   | 38      | 28      | 74   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Hampshire | 10      | 0       | 1    | 13      | 0       | 0    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Jersey    | 76      | 60      |      | 132     |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Mexico    | 109     | 81      | 42   | 147     | 59      | 40   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New York      | 480     | 184     | 11   | 732     | 184     | 25   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North         | 488     | 54      | 2    | 572     | 69      | 12   |
| Carolina      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North Dakota  | 16      | 7       | 2    | 19      | 11      | 58   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Ohio          | 343     | 237     | 22   | 623     | 136     | 22   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oklahoma      | 498     | 31      | 4    | 557     | 59      | 11   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oregon        | 115     | 7       | 1    | 171     | 5       | 3    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Pennsylvania  | 339     | 172     | 2    | 361     | 178     | 49   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Rhode Island  | 26      |         | 1    | 48      | 0       | 0    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South         | 338     | 79      | 2    | 399     | 95      | 24   |
| Carolina      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South Dakota  | 58      |         | 2    | 71      | 1       | 1    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Tennessee     | 331     | 89      | 7    | 406     | 96      | 24   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Texas         | 2,852   | 34      | 0    | 3,210   | 51      | 2    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Utah          | 71      | 2       | 3    | 76      | 15      | 20   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Vermont       | 11      | 0       | 5    | 22      | 1       | 5    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Virginia      | 98      | 56      | 17   | 155     | 56      | 36   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Washington    | 184     | 56      | 14   | 272     | 82      | 30   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| West Virginia | 184     | 29      | 22   | 258     | 102     | 40   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wisconsin     | 174     | 119     | 4    | 186     | 157     | 84   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wyoming       | 32      | 8       | 28   | 30      | 6       | 20   |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Bureau of     | 170     | 157     |      | 173     | 148     | 86   |
| Indian        |         |         |      |         |         |      |
| Affairs       |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Puerto Rico   | 272     | 120     | 13   | 463     | 35      | 8    |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **Total**     | **1     | **      | **   | **1     | **      | **   |
|               | 4,891** | 3,024** | 20** | 9,227** | 4,848** | 25** |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+

**Note:** The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states. For
1996--97, the **District of Columbia** was unable to provide the number
of targeted assistance schools identified for improvement and two states
**(Missouri** and **Rhode Island**) were unable to provide the
information broken out by TAS and SWP.

> For 1997--98, **Missouri** was unable to provide the information
> broken out by TAS and SWP and **New Jersey** was unable to provide
> information on the number of schools identified for improvement.

**Table 4**

**Number and Percent of Title I Public, Private, and Local Neglected or
Delinquent (N or D) Participants, by State, 1996--97 and 1997--98**

  --------------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- ---------
                  **Public TAS**                                      **Public SWP**                            

  **State**       **1996--97**    **% of    **1997--98**    **% of    **1996--97**    **% of    **1997--98**    **% of
                                  Total**                   Total**                   Total**                   Total**

  Alabama         45,007          19        38,088          15        191,652         80        222,340         85

  Alaska          6,109           34        5,606           29        11,504          64        13,662          70

  Arizona         41,857          20        49,480          19        165,812         79        201,897         79

  Arkansas        54,149          39        44,050          28        82,976          60        111,142         71

  California      895,873         43        818,098         39        1,144,621       56        1,235,577       59

  Colorado        33,960          52        30,869          41        29,871          46        43,623          58

  Connecticut     27,983          46        26,816          34        30,086          50        49,376          62

  Delaware        8,630           78        5,508           100       1,723           16                        

  District of     7,863           17        4,056           8         37,600          80        45,143          86
  Columbia                                                                                                      

  Florida         22,331          4         13,259          2         539,099         95        598,649         97

  Georgia         81,900          31        73,925          22        183,466         69        255,760         77

  Hawaii          6,588           14        3,817           6         41,301          86        64,063          94

  Idaho           36,533          99        21,073          52                                  18,436          46

  Illinois        117,979         32        120,190         24        233,520         64        362,812         73

  Indiana         65,158          64        60,330          56        33,099          33        43,708          40

  Iowa            32,549          54        29,959          61        24,024          40        15,963          33

  Kansas          24,124          33        23,639          30        45,678          62        52,084          65

  Kentucky        44,562          18        31,826          11        203,269         81        247,207         88

  Louisiana       25,424          8         19,476          6         283,969         86        311,773         91

  Maine           18,304          83        16,921          71        3,528           16        6,715           28

  Maryland        18,342          16        13,139          11        93,039          81        107,668         88

  Massachusetts   41,241          27        37,984          17        109,315         70        174,931         78

  Michigan        107,300         43        206,494         43        140,000         56        263,998         55

  Minnesota       64,944          56        62,775          53        46,021          39        50,708          42

  Mississippi     25,840          9         20,946          7         251,506         90        261,025         92

  Missouri        153,408         97        161,526         96                                                  

  Montana         24,127          74        17,994          55        7,969           24        13,687          42

  Nebraska        19,188          52        15,233          36        15,248          41        24,690          58

  Nevada          11,890          45        8,950           28        13,153          50        22,078          68

  New Hampshire   10,855          81        10,644          72        2,264           17        3,927           27

  New Jersey      103,493         70        85,456          59        35,966          24        51,744          35

  New Mexico      33,978          45        28,335          30        39,846          53        62,359          65

  New York        294,456         43        266,529         37        349,381         51        416,067         58

  North Carolina  40,023          16        34,190          12        211,149         84        256,525         88

  North Dakota    15,916          97        11,994          59                                  7,760           38

  Ohio            112,830         41        90,442          27        155,731         56        233,594         70

  Oklahoma        52,386          28        48,336          25        134,692         72        144,583         75

  Oregon          42,958          47        38,756          37        47,004          51        65,079          62

  Pennsylvania    121,475         34        118,260         33        210,284         59        213,894         60

  Rhode Island    14,531          91        4,158           26                                  10,585          65

  South Carolina  11,655          5         7,442           4         201,242         94        199,418         96

  South Dakota    12,875          61        10,348          47        7,884           37        11,154          51

  Tennessee       43,860          22        36,039          16        150,112         76        188,542         81

  Texas           92,432          6         65,487          4         1,541,537       94        1,711,993       96

  Utah            25,713          51        20,710          38        24,980          49        33,795          62

  Vermont         8,436           67        7,999           48        3,881           31        8,448           50

  Virginia        44,267          46        40,432          35        48,795          51        72,471          63

  Washington      57,540          38        52,362          31        92,761          61        117,180         68

  West Virginia   22,162          31        17,575          21        47,696          68        65,290          78

  Wisconsin       75,046          48        50,729          30        77,641          50        112,201         67

  Wyoming         6,117           45        5,687           45        7,110           53        6,682           53

  Bureau of       320             1                                   46,941          99        50,241          100
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                

  Puerto Rico     214,135         59        152,956         42        129,817         36        196,129         54

  **Total**       **3,520,622**   **28**    **3,186,893**   **25**    **7,529,763**   **67**    **9,058,376**   **72**
  --------------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- ---------

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

**Notes:** Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding.

> For 1996--97, four states **(Idaho,** **Missouri,** **North Dakota**,
> and **Rhode Island**) were unable to provide public participation
> figures broken out between TAS and SWP. This figure was reduced to two
> states (**Delaware** and **Missouri**) for 1997--98. For these states,
> all of their participants are reported under TAS and therefore the
> total TAS figure does include some SWP students.

**Table 4 (continued)**

**Number and Percent of Title I Public, Private, and Local Neglected or
Delinquent (N or D) Participants, by State, 1996--97 and 1997--98**

  --------------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------
                  **Private**                                       **Local N or                                      **Total**                         
                                                                    D**                                                                                 

  **State**       **1996--97**   **% of    **1997--98**   **% of    **1996--97**   **% of    **1997--98**   **% of    **1996--97**     **1997--98**     **%
                                 Total**                  Total**                  Total**                  Total**                                     Change**

  Alabama         505            \*        417            \*        1,185          \*        1,390          1         238,349          262,235          10

  Alaska          7              \*        1              \*        268            \*        177            1         17,888           19,446           9

  Arizona         1,978          1         2,110          1         1,431          1         2,799          1         211,078          256,286          21

  Arkansas        624            \*        611            \*        288            \*        340            \*        138,037          156,143          13

  California      20,771         1         29,453         1                        1         8,434          \*        2,061,265        2,091,562        1

  Colorado        368            1         454            1         840            1         589            1         65,039           75,535           16

  Connecticut     1,191          2         1,565          3         1,456          2         1,519          2         60,716           79,276           31

  Delaware        752            7                                  0                                                 11,105           5,508            -50

  District of     1,745          4         3,181          7         85             6         225            \*        47,293           52,605           11
  Columbia                                                                                                                                              

  Florida         2,386          \*        2,727          \*        1,637          \*        2,213          \*        565,453          616,848          9

  Georgia         289            \*        469            \*        1,199          \*        986            \*        266,854          331,140          24

  Hawaii          45             \*        121            \*        0              \*        0              \*        47,934           68,001           42

  Idaho           70             \*        162            \*        131            \*        483            1         36,734           40,154           9

  Illinois        11,139         3         10,079         3         1,988          2         2,406          \*        364,626          495,487          36

  Indiana         1,507          1         2,239          2         1,753          2         1,720          2         101,517          107,997          6

  Iowa            1,806          3         1,847          3         1,466          4         1,315          3         59,845           49,084           -18

  Kansas          1,260          2         1,412          2         2,339          2         2,540          3         73,401           79,675           9

  Kentucky        1,480          1         1,471          1         1,894          1         941            \*        251,205          281,445          12

  Louisiana       5,973          2         5,316          2         14,550         2         5,836          2         329,916          342,401          4

  Maine           120            1         161            1         53             1         8              \*        22,005           23,805           8

  Maryland        1,336          1         1,221          1         1,503          1         744            1         114,220          122,772          7

  Massachusetts   3,888          3         9,149          6         1,014          4         1,468          1         155,458          223,532          44

  Michigan        2,700          1         4,464          2                        1         1,648          \*        250,000          476,604          91

  Minnesota       3,829          3         3,940          3         1,809          3         2,069          2         116,603          119,492          2

  Mississippi     2,025          1         2,087          1         726            1         486            \*        280,097          284,544          2

  Missouri        3,698          2         4,079          3         1,748          2         2,202          1         158,854          167,807          6

  Montana         352            1         353            1         272            1         498            2         32,720           32,532           -1

  Nebraska        1,301          4         1,346          4         1,311          3         1,476          3         37,048           42,745           15

  Nevada          68             \*        79             \*        1,152          \*        1,400          4         26,263           32,507           24

  New Hampshire   116            1         120            1         126            1         90             1         13,361           14,781           11

  New Jersey      6,974          5         6,444          4         1,391          4         2,131          1         147,824          145,775          -1

  New Mexico      953            1         1,164          2         1,090          1         3,982          4         75,867           95,840           26

  New York        27,655         4         30,639         4         9,409          4         6,587          1         680,901          719,822          6

  North Carolina  594            \*        164            \*        408            \*        254            \*        252,173          291,133          15

  North Dakota    513            3         406            2         57             2         114            1         16,486           20,274           23

  Ohio            7,027          3         7,375          3         2,863          2         3,144          1         278,451          334,555          20

  Oklahoma        246            \*        329            \*        391            \*        771            \*        187,715          194,019          3

  Oregon          800            1         751            1         1,267          1         173            \*        92,029           104,759          14

  Pennsylvania    18,324         5         22,245         6         3,570          6         3,997          1         353,653          358,396          1

  Rhode Island    1,420          9         1,448          9         78             9         84             1         16,029           16,275           2

  South Carolina  141            \*        121            \*        672            \*        694            \*        213,710          207,675          -3

  South Dakota    295            1         295            1         30             1         104            \*        21,084           21,901           4

  Tennessee       290            \*        394            \*        4,350          \*        6,950          3         198,612          231,925          17

  Texas           6,795          \*        7,294          \*        4,725          \*        6,549          \*        1,645,489        1,791,323        9

  Utah            158            \*        123            \*        0              \*                                 50,851           54,628           7

  Vermont         247            2         247            2         0              1         54             \*        12,564           16,748           33

  Virginia        576            1         644            1         2,642          1         2,063          2         96,280           115,610          20

  Washington      887            1         622            \*        621            \*        1,109          1         151,809          171,273          13

  West Virginia   276            \*        303            \*        308            \*        366            \*        70,442           83,534           19

  Wisconsin       3,322          2         4,595          3         129            3         77             \*        156,138          167,602          7

  Wyoming         143            1         127            1         82             1         45             \*        13,452           12,541           -7

  Bureau of       0              \*                       \*        0                                                 47,261           50,241           6
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                                                        

  Puerto Rico     16,625         5         16,707         5         412            5         489            \*        360,989          366,281          1

  **Total**       **167,590**    **1**     **193,071**    **2**     **76,719**     **2**     **85,739**     **1**     **11,294,693**   **12,524,079**   **11**
  --------------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

**Note:** Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding.

######## Table 5 

> Title I Participation, Public, Nonpublic, Local Neglected or
> Delinquent (N or D),
>
> and Total--1979--80 to 1997--98

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
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<col style="width: 10%" />
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<col style="width: 6%" />
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<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Year</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Public</strong></td>
<td><strong>% Diff</strong></td>
<td><strong>Private</strong></td>
<td><strong>% Diff</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Local</strong></p>
<p><strong>N or D</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>% Diff</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>% Diff</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1979–80</td>
<td colspan="4">4,973,708</td>
<td></td>
<td>189,114</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5,162,822</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1980–81</td>
<td colspan="4">4,862,308</td>
<td>-2</td>
<td>213,499</td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5,075,807</td>
<td>-2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1981–82</td>
<td colspan="4">4,434,447</td>
<td>-9</td>
<td>184,084</td>
<td>-14</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,618,531</td>
<td>-9</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1982–83</td>
<td colspan="4">4,270,424</td>
<td>-4</td>
<td>177,210</td>
<td>-4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,447,634</td>
<td>-4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1983–84</td>
<td colspan="4">4,381,975</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>190,660</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,572,635</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1984–85</td>
<td colspan="4">4,528,177</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>184,532</td>
<td>-3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,712,709</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1985–86</td>
<td colspan="4">4,611,948</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>127,922</td>
<td>-31</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,739,870</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1986–87</td>
<td colspan="4">4,594,761</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>137,900</td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,732,661</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1987–88</td>
<td colspan="4">4,808,030</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>136,618</td>
<td>-1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4,944,648</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1988–89</td>
<td colspan="4">4,777,643</td>
<td>–</td>
<td>137,656</td>
<td>–</td>
<td>131,574</td>
<td></td>
<td>5,046,873</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1989–90</td>
<td colspan="4">5,014,617</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>151,948</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>161,255</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>5,327,820</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1990–91</td>
<td colspan="4">5,252,141</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>157,360</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>138,069</td>
<td>-14</td>
<td>5,547,570</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1991–92</td>
<td colspan="4">5,594,718</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>163,329</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>145,572</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5,903,619</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1992–93</td>
<td colspan="4">6,042,849</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>171,239</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>182,398</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>6,396,486</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1993–94</td>
<td colspan="4">6,198,095</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>177,243</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>178,942</td>
<td>-2</td>
<td>6,554,280</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1994–95</td>
<td colspan="4">6,392,372</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>172,982</td>
<td>-2</td>
<td>106,467</td>
<td>-41</td>
<td>6,671,821</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1995–96+</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td>Public TAS</td>
<td>% Diff</td>
<td>Public SWP</td>
<td>% Diff</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1996–97</td>
<td>3,520,622</td>
<td></td>
<td>7,529,762</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>167,590</td>
<td>-3</td>
<td>76,719</td>
<td>-28</td>
<td>11,294,693</td>
<td>69</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1997–98</td>
<td>3,186,893</td>
<td>-9</td>
<td>9,058,376</td>
<td>20</td>
<td></td>
<td>193,071</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>85,739</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12,524,079</td>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\+ No State Performance Report information was collected for the
1995--96 school year.

> **Table 6a**
>
> **Title I Participants by Grade Span, Targeted Assistance (TAS),
> Schoolwide (SWP), Private, Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D), and
> Total, 1996--97 and 1997--98**

  ------------------ ------------ -------- --------- ------------ -------- --------- ------------- ----------- --------- ------------ ------- --------- ------------ -----------
                     **Public                        **Public                        **Private**                         **Local N or                   **Total**    
                     TAS**                           SWP**                                                               D**                                         

  **Grade Level**    **Number**   **% of   **% of    **Number**   **% of   **% of    **Number**    **% of      **% of    **Number**   **% of  **% of    **Number**   **%
                                  Public   Total**                Public   Total**                 Private**   Total**                Local N Total**                Overall**
                                  TAS**                           SWP**                                                               or D**                         

  **1996--97**                                                                                                                                                       

  **Pre-K**          48,354       1        18        214,596      3        81        558           0           0         633          1       0         264,141      2

  **Kindergarten**   276,840      8        25        817,709      11       74        8,930         7           1         1,383        2       0         1,104,862    10

  **Grades 1-3**     1,405,066    41       35        2,574,690    35       64        56,346        44          1         5,369        8       0         4,041,471    37

  **Grades 4-6**     989,203      29       30        2,226,005    30       68        39,747        31          1         9,685        14      0         3,264,640    30

  **Grades 7-9**     545,396      16       32        1,102,495    15       65        17,342        14          1         28,356       40      2         1,693,589    15

  **Grades 10-12**   167,103      5        28        398,655      5        68        3,599         3           1         20,440       29      3         589,797      5

  **Ungraded**       20,751       1        22        67,240       1        72        160           0           0         4,636        7       5         92,787       1

  **Total**          3,452,713    100      31        7,401,390    100      67        126,682       100         1         70,502       100     1         11,051,287   100

  **1997--98**                                                                                                                                                       

  **Pre-K**          49,104       2        16        249,903      3        83        1,074         1           0         234          0       0         300,315      2

  **Kindergarten**   264,482      8        21        996,324      11       78        15,061        8           1         1,025        1       0         1,276,892    10

  **Grades 1-3**     1,331,581    42       28        3,258,050    36       70        84,231        44          2         5,631        7       0         4,679,493    37

  **Grades 4-6**     868,257      27       25        2,580,536    28       73        59,349        31          2         9,069        11      0         3,517,211    28

  **Grades 7-9**     494,087      16       25        1,381,998    15       71        26,795        14          1         36,982       43      2         1,939,862    15

  **Grades 10-12**   172,169      5        23        539,771      6        73        5,232         3           1         26,382       31      4         743,554      6

  **Ungraded**       7,214        0        10        54,802       1        79        1,329         1           2         6,139        7       9         69,484       1

  **Total**          3,186,894    100      25        9,061,384    100      72        193,071       100         2         85,462       100     1         12,526,811   100
  ------------------ ------------ -------- --------- ------------ -------- --------- ------------- ----------- --------- ------------ ------- --------- ------------ -----------

####### Note: The figures shown in this table differ from figures shown in Table 4 because this table only includes the by-grade figures submitted by the states. State figures reported at the summary level (not broken out by grade) are included in Table 4 but are not included in this table. 

#######  

####### Table 6b

> **Title I Participants by Grade Span, Targeted Assistance (TAS),
> Schoolwide (SWP), Private, Local Neglected or Delinquent\
> (N or D), and Total, 1996--97 and 1997--98**

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>Year</strong></td>
<td><strong>Pre-K</strong></td>
<td><strong>% of Total</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Elemen-</strong></p>
<p><strong>tary</strong></p>
<p><strong>(K-6)</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>% of Total</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Grades</strong></p>
<p><strong>7-9</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>% of Total</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Grades</strong></p>
<p><strong>10-12</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>% of Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>Ungraded</strong></td>
<td><strong>% of Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Public TAS</strong></td>
<td>1996–97</td>
<td>48,354</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2,671,109</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>545,396</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>167,103</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>20,751</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3,452,713</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1997–98</td>
<td>49,104</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2,464,320</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>494,087</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>172,169</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>7,214</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3,186,894</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Public SWP</strong></td>
<td>1996–97</td>
<td>214,596</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>5,618,404</td>
<td>76</td>
<td>1,102,495</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>398,655</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>67,240</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>7,401,390</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1997–98</td>
<td>249,903</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>6,834,910</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>1,381,998</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>539,771</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>54,802</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>9,061,384</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Private</strong></td>
<td>1996–97</td>
<td>558</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>105,023</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>17,342</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>3,599</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>160</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>126,682</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1997–98</td>
<td>1,074</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>158,641</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>26,795</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>5,232</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1,329</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>193,071</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><p><strong>Local</strong></p>
<p><strong>N or D</strong></p></td>
<td>1996–97</td>
<td>633</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>16,437</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>28,356</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>20,440</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>4,636</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>70,502</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1997–98</td>
<td>234</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>15,725</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>36,982</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>26,382</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>6,139</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>85,462</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Total</strong></td>
<td>1996–97</td>
<td>264,141</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>8,410,973</td>
<td>76</td>
<td>1,693,589</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>589,797</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>92,787</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>11,051,287</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1997–98</td>
<td>300,315</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>9,473,596</td>
<td>76</td>
<td>1,939,862</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>743,554</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>69,484</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>12,526,811</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

**Table 7**

**Number and Percent of Title I Targeted Assistance (TAS) and Schoolwide
(SWP) Participants by Racial or Ethnic Classification and State,
1996--97 and 1997--98**

  --------------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- ---------
                  **Black, not                                        **Hispanic**                                        **White**                                 
                  Hispanic**                                                                                                                                        

  **State**       **1996--97**    **% of    **1997--98**    **% of    **1996--97**    **% of    **1997--98**    **% of    **1996--97**    **% of    **1997--98**    **% of
                                  Total**                   Total**                   Total**                   Total**                   Total**                   Total**

  Alabama         138,851         59        152,537         59        1,894           1         2,187           1         92,686          39        101,970         39

  Alaska          1,549           9         1,523           8         664             4         664             3         5,417           30        5,744           29

  Arizona                                   13,771          9                                   31,073          21                                  64,547          43

  Arkansas        53,969          39        58,368          38        2,796           2         4,282           3         79,103          58        91,006          59

  California      244,485         12        311,014         14        1,179,790       59        1,253,421       58        351,425         18        381,840         18

  Colorado        5,727           9         6,182           8         29,706          46        34,280          45        27,252          42        32,367          43

  Connecticut     18,210          31        25,449          33        21,579          37        27,292          36        16,917          29        21,563          28

  Delaware        3,908           38        5,187           39        582             6         987             7         5,727           55        6,967           52

  District of     40,391          90        44,604          91        3,923           9         3,901           8         136             \*        135             \*
  Columbia                                                                                                                                                          

  Florida         230,284         41        244,078         40        107,588         19        116,476         19        214,341         38        239,126         39

  Georgia         172,230         64        204,030         62        9,025           3         14,220          4         82,109          31        104,538         32

  Hawaii          1,129           3         1,516           2         1,132           3         1,697           3         5,774           14        10,326          16

  Idaho           239             1         257             \*        8,658           24        7,975           11        26,775          73        28,179          38

  Illinois        181,860         52        265,821         55        69,406          20        109,864         23        95,722          27        101,784         21

  Indiana         26,681          27        27,203          26        4,769           5         6,246           6         65,071          66        68,424          66

  Iowa            3,762           7         3,583           7         2,764           5         2,865           6         48,441          86        41,713          84

  Kansas          9,500           14        13,228          17        14,953          21        12,157          16        42,581          61        44,554          59

  Kentucky        30,904          13        35,857          13        1,415           1         1,825           1         208,284         85        238,312         85

  Louisiana       204,620         65        194,621         59        2,779           1         15,881          5         104,067         33        115,037         35

  Maine           220             1         160             1         88              \*        387             2         21,404          97        22,721          95

  Maryland        72,700          65        78,029          65        6,908           6         6,776           6         29,005          26        33,503          28

  Massachusetts   29,434          20        49,731          23        47,552          32        62,931          29        62,995          42        77,698          36

  Michigan        82,100          33        225,779         47        14,200          6         19,780          4         151,400         61        225,164         47

  Minnesota       16,756          15        19,863          19        7,801           7         5,403           5         71,393          64        62,319          60

  Mississippi     184,701         67        183,987         65        926             \*        1,044           \*        90,219          33        95,240          34

  Missouri        25,179          8         13,770          8         4,017           1         2,614           2         264,429         88        142,968         87

  Montana         234             1         216             1         834             3         823             3         21,686          68        21,245          67

  Nebraska        5,916           17        7,028           18        4,090           12        4,998           13        22,433          65        25,731          64

  Nevada          4,213           18        5,917           19        10,289          43        14,080          45        8,726           36        9,210           30

  New Hampshire   486             4         331             2         259             2         576             4         12,427          93        13,929          93

  New Jersey      56,229          38        56,836          36        42,720          29        50,123          32        44,241          30        45,433          29

  New Mexico      1,862           2         1,987           2         42,977          57        53,614          59        15,493          20        17,463          19

  New York        227,658         35        229,360         34        221,390         34        228,386         33        154,774         24        173,900         25

  North Carolina  121,715         48        134,395         46        8,470           3         12,110          4         109,099         43        127,576         44

  North Dakota    157             1         297             1         290             2         400             2         12,304          75        14,602          72

  Ohio            102,655         37        119,438         37        8,706           3         10,109          3         161,805         58        188,367         58

  Oklahoma        30,612          16        30,753          16        10,354          6         12,220          6         104,124         56        106,417         55

  Oregon          4,837           5         6,406           6         14,257          16        17,469          17        62,419          69        72,082          69

  Pennsylvania    141,980         43        137,566         41        32,226          10        36,628          11        149,760         45        141,856         43

  Rhode Island    2,821           18        2,413           16        4,073           25        4,463           29        6,902           43        6,398           42

  South Carolina  129,398         61        125,635         61        2,128           1         2,443           1         79,770          37        77,394          37

  South Dakota    215             1         197             1         303             1         236             1         12,562          60        12,881          60

  Tennessee       83,552          42        93,169          41        1,817           1         2,523           1         111,963         56        127,480         57

  Texas           266,575         16        294,180         17        956,076         59        1,011,893       57        390,539         24        445,957         25

  Utah            990             2         1,101           2         9,752           19        10,499          19        34,447          68        37,003          68

  Vermont         119             1         392             2         73              1         111             1         11,852          96        15,203          95

  Virginia        55,195          59        63,389          56        2,247           2         5,713           5         35,121          38        42,320          37

  Washington      12,498          8         14,297          8         36,727          25        39,627          23        83,620          56        95,892          56

  West Virginia   149             \*        4,243           5         3,797           5         206             \*        65,690          94        78,002          94

  Wisconsin       61,544          41        67,235          41        11,743          8         17,462          11        67,290          45        69,260          43

  Wyoming         185             2         234             2         1,244           11        1,438           12        9,490           82        9,198           77

  Bureau of       0               \*        0               \*        0               \*        0               \*        0               \*        0               \*
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                                                                    

  Puerto Rico     0               \*        0               \*        343,952         100       349,085         100       0               \*        0               \*

  **Total**       **3,091,184**   **28**    **3,577,163**   **29**    **3,315,709**   **30**    **3,633,463**   **29**    **3,951,210**   **36**    **4,332,544**   **35**
  --------------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- --------- --------------- ---------

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

**Notes:** Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding. For
1996--97, **Arizona** was unable to provide information on the number of
participants by racial or ethnic classification.

Eight states (**Idaho**, **Illinois**, **Kansas**, **Louisiana**,
**Massachusetts**, **Michigan**, **New Jersey**, and **Wyoming**) had
large shifts in the racial or ethnic breakout of their Title I
population from 1996--97 to 1997--98.

**Table 7 (continued)**

**Number and Percent of Title I Targeted Assistance (TAS) and Schoolwide
(SWP) Participants by Racial or Ethnic Classification and State,
1996--97 and 1997--98**

  --------------- ----------------- --------- -------------- --------- ---------------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- ---------------- ----------------
                  **Asian/Pacific                                      **Am.                                               **Other**                                         **Total**        
                  Islander**                                           Indian/Alaskan                                                                                                         
                                                                       Native**                                                                                                               

  **State**       **1996--97**      **% of    **1997--98**   **% of    **1996--97**     **% of    **1997--98**   **% of    **1996--97**   **% of    **1997--98**   **% of    **1996--97**     **1997--98**
                                    Total**                  Total**                    Total**                  Total**                  Total**                  Total**                    

  Alabama         1,179             \*        1,106          \*        2,011            1         2,551          1         38             \*        83             \*        236,659          260,434

  Alaska          840               5         801            4         9,418            53        10,721         55        0              \*        40             \*        17,888           19,493

  Arizona                                     2,362          2                                    38,236         25        0                        476            \*                         150,465

  Arkansas        813               1         944            1         408              \*        511            \*        36             \*        81             \*        137,125          155,192

  California      192,832           10        167,225        8         14,504           1         19,969         1         0              \*        38,025         2         1,983,036        2,171,494

  Colorado        951               1         1,113          1         1,403            2         1,593          2         0              \*        0              \*        65,039           75,535

  Connecticut     765               1         1,056          1         107              \*        133            \*        491            1         699            1         58,069           76,192

  Delaware        110               1         153            1         26               \*        29             \*        0              \*        0              \*        10,353           13,323

  District of     512               1         542            1         26               \*        17             \*        0              \*        0              \*        44,988           49,199
  Columbia                                                                                                                                                                                    

  Florida         6,187             1         6,756          1         1,363            \*        1,549          \*        1,667          \*        3,923          1         561,430          611,908

  Georgia         2,379             1         3,390          1         234              \*        433            \*        1,218          \*        3,074          1         267,195          329,685

  Hawaii          28,110            70        43,493         68        158              \*        282            \*        3,997          10        6,432          10        40,300           63,746

  Idaho           122               \*        344            \*        839              2         779            1         0              \*        37,534         50        36,633           75,068

  Illinois        3,542             1         4,142          1         484              \*        1,029          \*        485            \*        362            \*        351,499          483,002

  Indiana         406               \*        357            \*        487              \*        798            1         1,217          1         1,010          1         98,631           104,038

  Iowa            679               1         668            1         932              2         652            1         0              \*        276            1         56,578           49,757

  Kansas          1,848             3         4,060          5         920              1         1,570          2         0              \*        154            \*        69,802           75,723

  Kentucky        1,035             \*        1,146          \*        168              \*        200            \*        2,722          1         1,693          1         244,528          279,033

  Louisiana       3,344             1         3,550          1         2,154            1         2,509          1         0              \*        15             \*        316,964          331,613

  Maine           113               1         278            1         149              1         239            1         31             \*        20             \*        22,005           23,805

  Maryland        2,042             2         2,012          2         444              \*        487            \*        0              \*        0              \*        111,099          120,807

  Massachusetts   9,939             7         15,111         7         327              \*        552            \*        309            \*        7,553          4         150,556          213,576

  Michigan        900               \*        6,128          1         1,400            1         4,820          1         0              \*        2,273          \*        250,000          483,944

  Minnesota       9,642             9         9,768          9         5,162            5         6,018          6         0              \*        0              \*        110,754          103,371

  Mississippi     698               \*        1,136          \*        351              \*        368            \*        451            \*        196            \*        277,346          281,971

  Missouri        2,932             1         2,168          1         1,687            1         1,532          1         3,547          1         2,004          1         301,791          165,056

  Montana         225               1         247            1         9,117            28        9,094          29        0              \*        56             \*        32,096           31,681

  Nebraska        467               1         552            1         1,530            4         1,614          4         0              \*        0              \*        34,436           39,923

  Nevada          893               4         862            3         907              4         950            3         15             \*        9              \*        24,043           31,028

  New Hampshire   166               1         184            1         23               \*        19             \*        0              \*        0              \*        13,361           15,039

  New Jersey      3,541             2         3,699          2         184              \*        356            \*        909            1         384            \*        147,824          156,831

  New Mexico      397               1         443            \*        15,021           20        16,804         19        0              \*        383            \*        75,750           90,694

  New York        30,763            5         41,466         6         4,187            1         3,493          1         5,065          1         5,991          1         643,837          682,596

  North Carolina  2,362             1         2,899          1         7,751            3         11,058         4         1,774          1         2,677          1         251,171          290,715

  North Dakota    119               1         179            1         3,559            22        4,682          23        0              \*        0              \*        16,429           20,160

  Ohio            1,876             1         2,170          1         395              \*        454            \*        3,014          1         3,498          1         278,451          324,036

  Oklahoma        1,136             1         1,215          1         36,014           19        40,755         21        859            \*        564            \*        186,099          191,924

  Oregon          2,483             3         3,159          3         2,533            3         3,453          3         3,433          4         1,266          1         89,962           103,835

  Pennsylvania    6,439             2         7,002          2         310              \*        304            \*        1,044          \*        8,798          3         331,759          332,154

  Rhode Island    2,175             14        2,034          13        58               \*        53             \*        0              \*        0              \*        16,029           15,361

  South Carolina  1,056             \*        875            \*        470              \*        461            \*        75             \*        13             \*        212,897          206,821

  South Dakota    259               1         96             \*        7,745            37        7,846          37        0              \*        52             \*        21,084           21,308

  Tennessee       925               \*        1,206          1         129              \*        158            \*        78             \*        246            \*        198,464          224,782

  Texas           17,250            1         21,312         1         3,529            \*        4,138          \*        0              \*        45             \*        1,633,969        1,777,525

  Utah            2,336             5         2,586          5         3,326            7         3,316          6         0              \*        0              \*        50,851           54,505

  Vermont         97                1         200            1         55               \*        46             \*        121            1         0              \*        12,317           15,952

  Virginia        785               1         1,705          2         189              \*        183            \*        101            \*        144            \*        93,638           113,454

  Washington      9,549             6         11,322         7         7,395            5         8,404          5         0              \*        237            \*        149,789          169,779

  West Virginia   158               \*        179            \*        53               \*        65             \*        11             \*        0              \*        69,858           82,695

  Wisconsin       6,478             4         5,562          3         3,692            2         3,361          2         0              \*        19             \*        150,747          162,899

  Wyoming         75                1         98             1         571              5         868            7         0              \*        50             \*        11,565           11,886

  Bureau of       0                 \*        0              \*        47,261           100       50,241         100       0              \*        20             \*        47,261           50,261
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                                                                                              

  Puerto Rico     0                 \*        0              \*        0                \*        0              \*        0              \*        0              \*        343,952          349,085

  **Total**       **363,930**       **3**     **391,061**    **3**     **201,166**      **2**     **269,753**    **2**     **32,708**     **\***    **130,375**    **1**     **10,957,907**   **12,334,359**
  --------------- ----------------- --------- -------------- --------- ---------------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- ---------------- ----------------

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

**Notes:** Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding.

The number of participants shown in this table does not equal the figure
reported in Table 4b because in some states, the total number of
participants reported by racial or ethnic classification differs from
the total number reported by grade.

For 1996--97, **Arizona** was unable to provide information on the
number of participants by racial or ethnic classification.

Eight states (**Idaho**, **Illinois**, **Kansas**, **Louisiana**,
**Massachusetts**, **Michigan**, **New Jersey**, and **Wyoming**) had
large shifts in the racial or ethnic breakout of their Title I
population from 1996--97 to 1997--98.

**Table 8**

**Number and Percent of Title I Participant by Racial or Ethnic
Classification, 1979-80 through 1997--98**

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Year</td>
<td colspan="4"><p>Native American/</p>
<p>Asian/Other</p></td>
<td colspan="3">% of Total</td>
<td>Black, not Hispanic</td>
<td>% of Total</td>
<td>Hispanic</td>
<td>% of Total</td>
<td>White, not Hispanic</td>
<td>% of Total</td>
<td>Total Racial/Ethnic</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1979–80</td>
<td colspan="4">173,685</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,371,304</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>702,940</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>2,324,433</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>4,398,677</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1980–81</td>
<td colspan="4">186,120</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,299,725</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>859,108</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>2,049,795</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>4,208,628</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1981–82</td>
<td colspan="4">131,789</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,002,116</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>582,408</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>1,699,030</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>3,283,554</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1982–83</td>
<td colspan="4">138,721</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,040,510</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>730,699</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>1,558,123</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>3,329,332</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1983–84</td>
<td colspan="4">188,138</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,122,407</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>924,517</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>1,747,691</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>3,794,615</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1984–85</td>
<td colspan="4">174,870</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,252,817</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>898,994</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>1,962,436</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>4,114,247</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1985–86</td>
<td colspan="4">192,984</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,319,907</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,106,902</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>2,089,988</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>4,516,797</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1986–87</td>
<td colspan="4">199,585</td>
<td colspan="3">4</td>
<td>1,301,106</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,144,865</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>2,054,588</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>4,500,559</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1987–88</td>
<td colspan="4">226,491</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,367,197</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,231,874</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>2,121,428</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>4,720,499</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1988–89</td>
<td colspan="4">227,938</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,368,893</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>1,275,526</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>2,165,591</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>4,810,010</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1989–90</td>
<td colspan="4">244,177</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,445,326</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,359,025</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>2,162,953</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>4,967,304</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1990–91</td>
<td colspan="4">256,746</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,487,977</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,439,549</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>2,183,894</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>5,111,420</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1991–92</td>
<td colspan="4">288,353</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,590,927</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,608,146</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>2,316,446</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>5,515,519</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1992–93</td>
<td colspan="4">314,162</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,682,765</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>1,823,057</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>2,412,572</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>5,918,394</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1993–94</td>
<td colspan="4">300,640</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,705,518</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>1,923,354</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>2,464,649</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>6,093,521</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1994–95</td>
<td colspan="4">312,665</td>
<td colspan="3">5</td>
<td>1,712,631</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>2,103,346</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>2,466,949</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>6,282,926</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1995–96+</td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">Native Am/ Alaskan Native</td>
<td></td>
<td>Asian/ Pacific Islander</td>
<td></td>
<td>Other</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1996–97</td>
<td>201,166</td>
<td colspan="2">2</td>
<td>363,930</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>32,708</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>3,091,184</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>3,315,709</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>3,954,210</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>10,958,907</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1997–98</td>
<td>269,753</td>
<td colspan="2">2</td>
<td>391,061</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>130,375</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3,577,163</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>3,633,463</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>4,332,544</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>12,334,359</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\+ No State Performance Report information was collected for the
1995--96 school year.

**Note:** The number of participants shown in this table does not equal
the figure reported in Table 5 because in some states, the total number
of participants reported by racial or ethnic classification differs from
the total number reported by grade.

**Table 9**

**Number and Percent of Total Public Targeted Assistance (TAS) and
Schoolwide (SWP) Title I Participants with Disabilities, by State,
1996--97 and 1997--98**

  --------------- ---------------- --------------- ----------- ---------------- --------------- -----------
                  **1996--97**                                 **1997--98**                     

  **State**       **Total Public   **Total         **Percent   **Total Public   **Total         **Percent
                  SWP + TAS        Students with   of Total**  SWP + TAS        Students with   of Total**
                  Participants**   Disabilities,               Participants**   Disabilities,   
                                   TAS + SWP**                                  TAS + SWP**     

  Alabama         236,659          25,184          11          260,428          33,114          13

  Alaska          17,613           2,850           16          19,268           3,505           18

  Arizona         207,669          22,076          11          251,377          23,100          9

  Arkansas        137,125          9,743           7           155,192          12,428          8

  California      2,040,494        133,886         7           2,053,675        137,804         7

  Colorado        63,831           5,501           9           74,492           6,971           9

  Connecticut     58,069           6,781           12          76,192           7,573           10

  Delaware        10,353           1,241           12          5,508            1,897           34

  District of     45,463           1,871           4           49,199           3,392           7
  Columbia                                                                                      

  Florida         561,430          118,628         21          611,908          132,045         22

  Georgia         265,366          11,449          4           329,685          17,903          5

  Hawaii          477,889          3,336           1           67,880           5,461           8

  Idaho           36,533           3,451           9           39,509           2,398           6

  Illinois        351,499          30,768          9           483,002          40,125          8

  Indiana         98,257           15,914          16          104,038          15,292          15

  Iowa            56,573           2,175           4           45,922           4,291           9

  Kansas          69,802           5,788           8           75,723           6,319           8

  Kentucky        247,831          28,556          12          279,033          38,459          14

  Louisiana       309,393          24,377          8           331,249          27,665          8

  Maine           21,832           1,560           7           23,636           2,187           9

  Maryland        111,381          4,015           4           120,807          8,434           7

  Massachusetts   150,556          22,869          15          212,915          34,276          16

  Michigan        247,300          10,000          4           470,492          55,025          12

  Minnesota       110,965          12,288          11          113,483          9,554           8

  Mississippi     277,346          18,867          7           281,971          22,340          8

  Missouri        153,408          10,836          7           161,526          13,906          9

  Montana         32,096           2,343           7           31,681           3,469           11

  Nebraska        34,436           4,272           12          39,923           5,238           13

  Nevada          25,043           3,037           12          31,028           3,279           11

  New Hampshire   13,119           1,168           9           14,571           1,427           10

  New Jersey      139,459          3,197           2           137,200          3,564           3

  New Mexico      73,824           5,636           8           90,694           8,547           9

  New York        643,837          58,554          9           682,596          47,303          7

  North Carolina  251,171          32,726          13          290,715          37,317          13

  North Dakota    15,916           821             5           19,754           2,989           15

  Ohio            268,561          13,238          5           324,036          13,344          4

  Oklahoma        187,078          18,139          10          192,919          18,649          10

  Oregon          89,962           10,746          12          103,835          14,411          14

  Pennsylvania    331,759          23,472          7           332,154          21,616          7

  Rhode Island    14,531           1,373           9           14,743           1,545           10

  South Carolina  212,897          24,389          11          206,860          31,630          15

  South Dakota    20,759           1,579           8           21,502           1,578           7

  Tennessee       193,972          25,296          13          224,581          33,892          15

  Texas           1,633,969        172,510         11          1,777,480        200,857         11

  Utah            50,693           5,829           11          54,505           6,576           12

  Vermont         12,317           1,332           11          16,447           724             4

  Virginia        93,062           5,417           6           112,903          9,900           9

  Washington      150,301          14,381          10          169,542          18,383          11

  West Virginia   69,858           6,976           10          82,865           10,514          13

  Wisconsin       152,687          12,241          8           162,930          13,524          8

  Wyoming         13,227           1,124           8           12,369           1,414           11

  Bureau of       47,261           7,305           15          50,241           7,923           16
  Indian Affairs                                                                                

  Puerto Rico     343,952          14,443          4           349,085          20,710          6

  **Total**       **11,480,384**   **1,005,554**   **9**       **12,245,269**   **1,205,787**   **10**
  --------------- ---------------- --------------- ----------- ---------------- --------------- -----------

**Notes:** The total number of students shown in this table is taken
from the by-grade figures reported by the states. In this table, the
figures for TAS and SWP are combined, as a small number of states were
unable to provide this information separately.

> The figure shown for 1996--97 for **Michigan** is an estimate.
>
> Six states reported a large increase in the number of Title I students
> also identified as disabled--**Delaware**, **Hawaii**, **Iowa**,
> **Michigan**, **Montana**, **North Dakota**. One state (**Vermont**)
> reported a decrease in the number of these students.

**Table 10**

**Number and Percent of Total Title I Participants with Limited English
Proficiency (LEP), by State, 1996--97 and 1997--98**

+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
|              | **1996 |            |     | **1997 |            |     |
|              | --97** |            |     | --98** |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| ###### State | *      | **Total    | **P | *      | **Total    | **P |
|              | *Total | Title I    | erc | *Total | Title I    | erc |
|              | Title  | Students   | ent | Title  | Students   | ent |
|              | I      | with LEP** | of  | I      | with LEP** | of  |
|              | Par    |            | T   | Par    |            | T   |
|              | ticipa |            | ota | ticipa |            | ota |
|              | nts+** |            | l** | nts+** |            | l** |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Alabama      | 2      | 1,540      | 1   | 2      | 1,754      | 1   |
|              | 38,349 |            |     | 62,235 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Alaska       | 17,888 | 5,107      | 29  | 19,446 | 5,708      | 29  |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Arizona      | 2      | 73,915     | 35  | 2      | 77,613     | 30  |
|              | 11,078 |            |     | 56,286 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Arkansas     |        |            |     | 1      | 3,017      | 2   |
|              |        |            |     | 56,143 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| California   | 2,0    | 861,610    | 42  | 2,0    | 901,693    | 43  |
|              | 61,265 |            |     | 91,562 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Colorado     | 65,039 | 10,119     | 16  | 75,535 | 12,957     | 17  |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Connecticut  | 60,716 | 8,041      | 13  | 79,276 | 10,368     | 13  |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Delaware     | 11,105 | 1,725      | 16  |        |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| District of  | 47,293 | 2,808      | 6   | 52,605 | 4,458      | 8   |
| Columbia     |        |            |     |        |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Florida      | 5      | 71,140     | 13  | 6      | 74,673     | 12  |
|              | 65,453 |            |     | 16,848 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Georgia      | 2      | 14,334     | 5   | 3      | 16,485     | 5   |
|              | 66,854 |            |     | 31,140 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Hawaii       | 47,934 | 3,960      | 8   | 68,001 | 6,448      | 9   |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Idaho        | 36,734 | 11,267     | 31  | 40,154 | 3,966      | 10  |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Illinois     | 3      | 23,592     | 6   | 4      | 55,590     | 11  |
|              | 64,626 |            |     | 95,487 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Indiana      | 1      | 1,808      | 2   | 1      | 2,210      | 2   |
|              | 01,517 |            |     | 07,997 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Iowa         | 59,845 | 389        | 1   | 49,084 | 1,988      | 4   |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Kansas       | 73,401 | 11,361     | 15  | 79,675 | 13,796     | 17  |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Kentucky     | 2      | 1,425      | 1   | 2      | 1,425      | 1   |
|              | 51,205 |            |     | 81,445 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Louisiana    | 3      | 2,016      | 1   | 3      | 2,925      | 1   |
|              | 29,916 |            |     | 42,401 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Maine        | 22,005 | 179        | 1   | 23,805 | 2,752      | 12  |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Maryland     | 1      | 3,979      | 3   | 1      | 3,909      | 3   |
|              | 14,220 |            |     | 22,772 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| M            | 1      | 30,857     | 20  | 2      | 38,604     | 17  |
| assachusetts | 55,458 |            |     | 23,532 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Michigan     | 2      | 22,675     | 9   | 4      | 24,956     | 5   |
|              | 50,000 |            |     | 76,604 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Minnesota    | 1      | 11,057     | 9   | 1      | 12,154     | 10  |
|              | 16,603 |            |     | 19,492 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Mississippi  | 2      | 568        | \*  | 2      | 898        | \*  |
|              | 80,097 |            |     | 84,544 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Missouri     | 1      | 719        | \*  | 1      | 1,435      | 1   |
|              | 58,854 |            |     | 67,807 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Montana      | 32,720 | 2,033      | 6   | 32,532 | 3,281      | 10  |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Nebraska     | 37,048 | 1,817      | 5   | 42,745 | 1,890      | 4   |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Nevada       | 26,263 | 7,150      | 27  | 32,507 | 9,253      | 28  |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| New          |        |            |     | 14,781 | 258        | 2   |
| Hampshire    |        |            |     |        |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| New Jersey   | 1      | 13,785     | 9   | 1      | 11,056     | 8   |
|              | 47,824 |            |     | 45,775 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| New Mexico   | 75,867 | 20,036     | 26  | 95,840 | 32,652     | 34  |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| New York     | 6      | 94,461     | 14  | 7      | 91,530     | 13  |
|              | 80,901 |            |     | 19,822 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| North        | 2      | 7,725      | 3   | 2      | 10,253     | 4   |
| Carolina     | 52,173 |            |     | 91,133 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| North Dakota | 16,486 | 401        | 2   | 20,274 | 734        | 4   |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Ohio         | 2      | 3,100      | 1   | 3      | 4,793      | 1   |
|              | 78,451 |            |     | 34,555 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Oklahoma     | 1      | 8,417      | 4   | 1      | 8,444      | 4   |
|              | 87,715 |            |     | 94,019 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Oregon       | 92,029 | 6,323      | 7   | 1      | 12,883     | 12  |
|              |        |            |     | 04,759 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Pennsylvania | 3      | 10,586     | 3   | 3      | 11,720     | 3   |
|              | 53,653 |            |     | 58,396 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Rhode Island | 16,029 | 3,283      | 20  | 16,275 | 3,588      | 22  |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| South        | 2      | 737        | \*  | 2      | 1,407      | 1   |
| Carolina     | 13,710 |            |     | 07,675 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| South Dakota |        |            |     | 21,901 | 1,596      | 7   |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Tennessee    | 1      | 2,048      | 1   | 2      | 2,670      | 1   |
|              | 98,612 |            |     | 31,925 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Texas        | 1,6    | 359,720    | 22  | 1,7    | 418,759    | 23  |
|              | 45,489 |            |     | 91,323 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Utah         | 50,851 | 8,976      | 18  | 54,628 | 10,039     | 18  |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Vermont      |        |            |     | 16,748 | 212        | 1   |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Virginia     | 96,280 | 24,899     | 26  | 1      | 2,831      | 2   |
|              |        |            |     | 15,610 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Washington   | 1      | 22,601     | 15  | 1      | 2,270      | 1   |
|              | 51,809 |            |     | 71,273 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| West         | 70,442 | 63         | \*  | 83,534 | 36         | \*  |
| Virginia     |        |            |     |        |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Wisconsin    | 1      | 7,569      | 5   | 1      | 8,826      | 5   |
|              | 56,138 |            |     | 67,602 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Wyoming      | 13,452 | 1,628      | 12  | 12,541 | 1,316      | 10  |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Bureau of    | 47,261 | 26,759     | 57  | 50,241 | 26,729     | 53  |
| Indian       |        |            |     |        |            |     |
| Affairs      |        |            |     |        |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| Puerto Rico  | 3      | 103,832    | 29  | 3      | 113,621    | 31  |
|              | 60,989 |            |     | 66,281 |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+
| **Total**    | **     | **1        | **1 | **     | **2        | **1 |
|              | 11,109 | ,914,140** | 7** | 12,256 | ,072,675** | 7** |
|              | ,647** |            |     | ,336** |            |     |
+--------------+--------+------------+-----+--------+------------+-----+

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\+ The total Title I figure used in this table includes the figures
reported for TAS, SWP, Private, Local N or D combined.

**Notes**: For 1996--97, four states (**Arkansas**, **New Hampshire**,
**South Dakota**, and **Vermont**) were unable to provide information
for this data item. This was reduced to one state (**Delaware**) for
1997--98. Therefore, this table does not include participants from these
states in the calculations for those years. In some states, the counts
of limited English proficient students may include Private and Local
Neglected or Delinquent (N or D) students.

> **Arizona**, **Idaho**, **Virginia**, and **Washington** reported
> significant decreases in the number of LEP students between 1996--97
> and 1997--98. **Maine**, **New Mexico**, and **Oregon** reported
> significant increases.

**Table 11**

**Number of Homeless Children Participating in Title I, by State,
1996--97 and 1997--98**

+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
|              | **199   |         |      | **199   |         |      |
|              | 6--97** |         |      | 7--98** |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| ###### State | **Total | *       | *    | **Total | *       | *    |
|              | Title I | *Number | *Per | Title I | *Number | *Per |
|              | P       | of      | cent | P       | of      | cent |
|              | articip | H       | of   | articip | H       | of   |
|              | ants+** | omeless | Tot  | ants+** | omeless | Tot  |
|              |         | Chi     | al** |         | Chi     | al** |
|              |         | ldren** |      |         | ldren** |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alabama      | 238,349 | 2,631   | 1    | 262,235 | 3,425   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Alaska       | 17,888  | 1,081   | 6    | 19,446  | 1,345   | 7    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arizona      | 211,078 | 3,271   | 2    | 256,286 | 518     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Arkansas     | 138,037 | 1,480   | 1    | 156,143 | 1,877   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| California   | 2,      | 138,000 | 7    | 2,      | 19,809  | 1    |
|              | 061,265 |         |      | 091,562 |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Colorado     | 65,039  | 1,127   | 2    | 75,535  | 1,127   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Connecticut  | 60,716  | 1,282   | 2    | 79,276  | 1,096   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Delaware     | 11,105  | 876     | 8    | 5,508   | 19      | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| District of  | 47,293  | 291     | 1    | 52,605  | 192     | \*   |
| Columbia     |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Florida      | 565,453 | 2,694   | \*   | 616,848 | 4,587   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Georgia      | 266,854 | 329     | \*   | 331,140 | 592     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Hawaii       | 47,934  | 373     | 1    | 68,001  | 374     | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Idaho        | 36,734  | 386     | 1    | 40,154  | 949     | 2    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Illinois     | 364,626 | 5,916   | 2    |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Indiana      | 101,517 | 350     | \*   | 107,997 | 438     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Iowa         | 59,845  | 1,178   | 2    | 49,084  | 509     | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kansas       | 73,401  | 945     | 1    | 79,675  | 710     | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Kentucky     | 251,205 | 1,308   | 1    | 281,445 | 2,916   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Louisiana    | 329,916 | 9,028   | 3    | 342,401 | 9,914   | 3    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maine        | 22,005  | 37      | \*   | 23,805  | 52      | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Maryland     | 114,220 | 159     | \*   | 122,772 | 922     | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| M            | 155,458 | 1,107   | 1    | 223,532 | 1,518   | 1    |
| assachusetts |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Michigan     | 250,000 | 2,476   | 1    | 476,604 | 2,818   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Minnesota    | 116,603 | 7,544   | 6    | 119,492 | 8,258   | 7    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Mississippi  | 280,097 | 4,400   | 2    | 284,544 | 3,553   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Missouri     | 158,854 | 396     | \*   | 167,807 | 490     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Montana      | 32,720  | 103     | \*   | 32,532  | 150     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nebraska     | 37,048  | 464     | 1    | 42,745  | 1,872   | 4    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Nevada       | 26,263  | 1,171   | 4    | 32,507  | 1,556   | 5    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New          | 13,361  | 64      | \*   | 14,781  | 54      | \*   |
| Hampshire    |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Jersey   | 147,824 | 754     | 1    | 145,775 | 543     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New Mexico   | 75,867  | 1,592   | 2    | 95,840  | 1,315   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| New York     | 680,901 | 1,508   | \*   | 719,822 | 477     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North        | 252,173 | 191     | \*   | 291,133 | 301     | \*   |
| Carolina     |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| North Dakota | 16,486  | 0       | \*   | 20,274  | 56      | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Ohio         | 278,451 | 84      | \*   | 334,555 | 103     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oklahoma     | 187,715 | 440     | \*   | 194,019 | 336     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Oregon       | 92,029  | 4,506   | 5    | 104,759 | 5,265   | 5    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Pennsylvania | 353,653 | 1,215   | \*   | 358,396 | 2,381   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Rhode Island | 16,029  | 26      | \*   | 16,275  | 76      | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South        | 213,710 | 763     | \*   | 207,675 | 835     | \*   |
| Carolina     |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| South Dakota | 21,084  | 189     | 1    | 21,901  | 207     | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Tennessee    | 198,612 | 393     | \*   | 231,925 | 894     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Texas        | 1,      | 5,777   | \*   | 1,      | 7,303   | \*   |
|              | 645,489 |         |      | 791,323 |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Utah         | 50,851  | 1,524   | 3    | 54,628  | 2,130   | 4    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Vermont      | 12,317  | 31      | \*   | 16,748  | 26      | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Virginia     | 96,280  | 315     | \*   | 115,610 | 317     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Washington   |         |         |      | 171,273 | 1,081   | 1    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| West         | 70,442  | 207     | \*   | 83,534  | 145     | \*   |
| Virginia     |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wisconsin    | 156,138 | 282     | \*   | 167,602 | 526     | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Wyoming      | 13,452  | 13      | \*   | 12,541  | 25      | \*   |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Bureau of    | 47,261  | 328     | 1    | 50,241  | 353     | 1    |
| Indian       |         |         |      |         |         |      |
| Affairs      |         |         |      |         |         |      |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| Puerto Rico  | 360,989 | 2,691   | 1    | 366,281 | 6,422   | 2    |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+
| **Total**    | **11,14 | **21    | *    | **12,02 | **10    | *    |
|              | 2,637** | 3,296** | *2** | 8,592** | 2,757** | *1** |
+--------------+---------+---------+------+---------+---------+------+

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\+ The total Title I figure used in this table includes the figures
reported for TAS, SWP, Private, Local N or D combined.

**Notes:** The total number of children shown is taken from the by-grade
figures reported by the states. In this table, the figures include
Targeted Assistance (TAS), Schoolwide (SWP), Private and Local Neglected
or Delinquent (N or D) students, as Homeless participants are not just
TAS and SWP. The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states.
In 1996--97, **Washington** was unable to provide information for this
data item, as was **Illinois** in 1997--98.

> Four states--**California**, **Delaware**, **Iowa**, and **New
> York**--reported large decreases in the number of Title I students
> also identified as homeless.

**Table 12**

**Number and Percent of Total Public Targeted Assistance (TAS) and
Schoolwide (SWP) Title I Participants Classified as Migrant, by State,
1996--97 and 1997--98**

  --------------- ---------------- ------------- ----------- ---------------- ------------- -----------
                  **1996--97**                               **1997--98**                   

  **State**       **Total Public   **Number of   **Percent   **Total Public   **Number of   **Percent
                  Participants**   Migrant       of Total**  Participants**   Migrant       of Total**
                                   students**                                 students**    

  Alabama         236,659          2,635         1           260,428          3,647         1

  Alaska          17,613           3,916         22          19,268           4,758         25

  Arizona         207,669          10,597        5           251,377          8,708         3

  Arkansas        137,125          2,651         2           155,192          3,332         2

  California      2,040,494        82,952        4           2,053,675        79,900        4

  Colorado        63,831           1,243         2           74,492           1,654         2

  Connecticut     58,069           1,517         3           76,192           1,813         2

  Delaware        10,353           301           3                                          

  District of     45,463           437           1           49,199           417           1
  Columbia                                                                                  

  Florida         561,430          20,169        4           611,908          25,322        4

  Georgia         265,366          7,486         3           329,685          2,591         1

  Hawaii          477,889          NA            --          67,880           NA            --

  Idaho           36,533           3,212         9           39,509           4,186         11

  Illinois        351,499          42,293        12          483,002          12,481        3

  Indiana         98,257           352           \*          104,038          680           1

  Iowa            56,573           269           \*          45,922           497           1

  Kansas          69,802           4,101         6           75,723           5,139         7

  Kentucky        247,831          7,780         3           279,033          9,651         3

  Louisiana       309,393          1,442         \*          331,249          2,518         1

  Maine           21,832           1,031         5           23,636           1,237         5

  Maryland        111,381          3,979         4           120,807          81            \*

  Massachusetts   150,556          1,178         1           212,915          1,184         1

  Michigan        247,300          3,614         1           470,492          3,975         1

  Minnesota       110,965          1,346         1           113,483          449           \*

  Mississippi     277,346          1,526         1           281,971          1,012         \*

  Missouri        153,408          822           1           161,526          1,298         1

  Montana         32,096           62            \*          31,681           91            \*

  Nebraska        34,436           815           2           39,923           1,326         3

  Nevada          25,043           204           1           31,028           296           1

  New Hampshire   13,119           13            \*                                         

  New Jersey      139,459          183           \*          137,200          278           \*

  New Mexico      73,824           1,403         2           90,694           1,229         1

  New York        643,837          1,721         \*          682,596          36,636        5

  North Carolina  251,171          4,283         2           290,715          5,002         2

  North Dakota                                               19,754           78            \*

  Ohio            268,561          52            \*          324,036          2,945         1

  Oklahoma        187,078          1,203         1           192,919          1,366         1

  Oregon          89,962           6,292         7           103,835          8,785         8

  Pennsylvania    331,759          687           \*          332,154          1,114         \*

  Rhode Island    14,531           90            1           14,743           90            1

  South Carolina  212,897          396           \*          206,860          478           \*

  South Dakota    20,759           154           1           21,502           101           \*

  Tennessee       193,972          227           \*          224,581          164           \*

  Texas           1,633,969        55,918        3           1,777,480        60,973        3

  Utah            50,693           571           1           54,505           1,099         2

  Vermont         12,317           65            1           16,447           154           1

  Virginia        93,062           105           \*          112,903          160           \*

  Washington      150,301          10,560        7           169,542          7,564         4

  West Virginia   69,858           45            \*          82,865           10            \*

  Wisconsin       152,687          229           \*          162,930          188           \*

  Wyoming         13,227           66            \*          12,369           28            \*

  Bureau of                                                                                 
  Indian Affairs                                                                            

  Puerto Rico     343,952          15,236        4           349,085          16,452        5

  **Total**       **11,417,207**   **307,429**   **3**       **12,174,949**   **323,137**   **3**
  --------------- ---------------- ------------- ----------- ---------------- ------------- -----------

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

**Notes:** The total number of children shown in this table is taken
from the by-grade figures reported by the states. In this table, the
figures for TAS and SWP are combined, as a number of states were unable
to provide this information separately. In 1996--97, the **Bureau of
Indian Affairs** and **North Dakota** were unable to provide data for
this item. **Delaware,** **New Hampshire**, and the **Bureau of Indian
Affairs** failed to provide the data for 1997--98. For both years, the
total number of public participants shown on this table does not include
public participants from these states.

> Several states reported substantial shifts in the number of Title I
> students also identified as migrant students. Increases were reported
> by **New York**, **Ohio**, **Utah**, and **Vermont** while
> **Georgia**, **Illinois**, **Maryland**, and **Minnesota** reported
> decreases.

**Table 13**

**Total Public Targeted Assistance (TAS) Title I Participants by Service
Area,**

**1996--97 and 1997--98**

  ---------------------------- -------------- --- -------------- -------------- --- --------------
                               **1996--97**                      **1997--98**       

                               Number             Percent of all Number             Percent of all
                                                  Public TAS                        Public TAS
                                                  Title I                           Title I
                                                  Participants                      Participants
                                                  Served                            Served

  **Instructional Services**                                                        

  Reading/Language Arts        3,310,449          94             2,573,973          81

  Mathematics                  1,607,580          46             1,622,531          51

  Science                      61,720             2              153,049            5

  Social Studies               64,009             2              120,963            4

  Other Instructional          305,822            9              275,980            9
  Services\*                                                                        

  **Total Instructional        5,349,580                         4,746,496          
  Services (Duplicated                                                              
  Count)**                                                                          

                                                                                    

  **Supporting Services**                                                           

  Guidance/Counseling/Social   555,617            16             484,042            15
  Work                                                                              

  Health/Dental                358,469            10             298,366            9

  Other Supporting             251,499            7              174,397            5
  Services\*\*                                                                      

  **Total Supporting Services  1,165,585                         956,805            
  (Duplicated Count)**                                                              

                                                                                    

  **Unduplicated Public TAS    3,520,622                         3,186,893          
  Participant Count**                                                               
  ---------------------------- -------------- --- -------------- -------------- --- --------------

\* Other instructional services include preschool and early childhood
classes, tutoring, basic skills, readiness, English as a Second Language
(ESL) or bilingual classes, arts and recreational living classes,
practical living, technology, and Spanish classes, among others.

\*\* Other supporting services include transportation, nutrition, speech
therapy, clothing, media, field trips, home visits, job preparation,
physical education, and nursing, among others.

**Table 14**

**Number and Percent of LEAs Providing Family Literacy Services, by
State,**

**1996--97 and 1997--98**

  --------------- -------------- ------------ ----------- -------------- ------------ -----------
                  **1996--97**                            **1997--98**                

  **State**       **Total Number **Number of  **Percent   **Total Number **Number of  **Percent
                  of Title I     LEAs         of Total**  of Title I     LEAs         of Total**
                  LEAs**         Providing                LEAs**         Providing    
                                 Family                                  Family       
                                 Literacy                                Literacy     
                                 Services**                              Services**   

  Alabama         126            13           10          127            15           12

  Alaska          48             5            10          50             9            18

  Arizona         321            22           7           261            40           15

  Arkansas        312            32           10          312            26           8

  California      876            56           6           829            67           8

  Colorado        167            16           10          167            17           10

  Connecticut     117            4            3           122            5            4

  Delaware        21             0            \*          22             0            \*

  District of     1              1            100         1              1            100
  Columbia                                                                            

  Florida         67             28           42          67             30           45

  Georgia         180            5            3           180            6            3

  Hawaii          1              1            100         1              1            100

  Idaho           110            22           20          108            24           22

  Illinois                                                808            289          36

  Indiana         285            23           8           285            11           4

  Iowa            379            6            2           377            22           6

  Kansas          302            7            2           302            32           11

  Kentucky        175            66           38          174            66           38

  Louisiana       66             17           26          66             36           55

  Maine           188            4            2           189            1            1

  Maryland        24             4            17          24             7            29

  Massachusetts   247            43           17          267            47           18

  Michigan        603            146          24          525            161          31

  Minnesota       350            5            1           350            9            3

  Mississippi     153            12           8           152            14           9

  Missouri        520            9            2           520            7            1

  Montana         309            13           4           306            15           5

  Nebraska        320            2            1           307            1            \*

  Nevada          17             4            24          17             4            24

  New Hampshire   130            2            2           130            51           39

  New Jersey                                              460            5            1

  New Mexico      88             7            8           88             15           17

  New York        645            56           9           650            45           7

  North Carolina  117            112          96          117            146          125

  North Dakota    207            6            3           204            6            3

  Ohio            595            28           5           590            14           2

  Oklahoma        542            12           2           534            9            2

  Oregon          179            25           14          170            40           24

  Pennsylvania    479            8            2           486            13           3

  Rhode Island    37             9            24          36             10           28

  South Carolina  91             35           38          86             27           31

  South Dakota    389            0            \*          176            0            \*

  Tennessee       139            19           14          138            9            7

  Texas           1,010          132          13          1,004          137          14

  Utah            40             8            20          40             9            23

  Vermont         60             47           78          59             67           114

  Virginia        133            10           8           132            30           23

  Washington      286            30           10          276            30           11

  West Virginia   55             9            16          55             21           38

  Wisconsin       388            5            1           388            12           3

  Wyoming         42             3            7           136            66           49

  Bureau of       173            85           49          173            92           53
  Indian Affairs                                                                      

  Puerto Rico     1              1            100         1              1            100

  **Total**       **12,111**     **1,215**    **10**      **13,045**     **1,818**    **14**
  --------------- -------------- ------------ ----------- -------------- ------------ -----------

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

Notes: In **Alaska**, **Minnesota**, **North Dakota**, **Tennessee** the
number of Even Start programs is used in 1996--97 as a proxy for Family
Literacy Services. In addition, in 1996--97 two states (**Illinois** and
**New Jersey**) were unable to provide information for this data item.
Therefore, the number of LEAs shown in this table does not reflect data
from all states.

**Table 15**

**Number of Extended Time Instructional Programs in Operation, by
State,**

**1996--97 and 1997--98**

  ---------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -----------
  **State**              **1996--97**        **1997--98**        **Percent
                                                                 Change**

  Alabama                302                 154                 -49

  Alaska                 67                  182                 172

  Arizona                487                 399                 -18

  Arkansas               292                 159                 -46

  California                                                     

  Colorado               118                 142                 20

  Connecticut            40                  65                  63

  Delaware               5                                       

  District of Columbia   5                   5                   0

  Florida                                    94                  

  Georgia                178                 178                 0

  Hawaii                 25                  6                   -76

  Idaho                  120                 123                 3

  Illinois                                   385                 

  Indiana                616                 521                 -15

  Iowa                   36                  167                 364

  Kansas                 315                 248                 -21

  Kentucky               0                   107                 --

  Louisiana              3                   3                   0

  Maine                  122                 149                 22

  Maryland                                   151                 

  Massachusetts          211                 741                 251

  Michigan               529                 1,323               150

  Minnesota              505                 505                 0

  Mississippi            245                 279                 14

  Missouri                                   244                 

  Montana                153                 168                 10

  Nebraska               22                  35                  59

  Nevada                 22                  33                  50

  New Hampshire          113                 141                 25

  New Jersey                                 168                 

  New Mexico             29                  76                  162

  New York               1,149               1,891               65

  North Carolina         126                 128                 2

  North Dakota           59                  64                  8

  Ohio                   443                 421                 -5

  Oklahoma               92                  370                 302

  Oregon                 446                 280                 -37

  Pennsylvania           532                 641                 20

  Rhode Island           10                  19                  90

  South Carolina         194                 187                 -4

  South Dakota           436                 95                  -78

  Tennessee              267                 329                 23

  Texas                  3,935               2,565               -35

  Utah                   111                 88                  -21

  Vermont                54                  67                  24

  Virginia               242                 396                 64

  Washington             45                  52                  16

  West Virginia          365                 414                 13

  Wisconsin              219                 285                 30

  Wyoming                70                  116                 66

  Bureau of Indian       140                 153                 9
  Affairs                                                        

  Puerto Rico            193                 224                 16

  **Total**              **13,688**          **15,736**          **15**
  ---------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -----------

**Notes:** The total shown here does not reflect data from all states
and therefore the total figures shown under represent the number of
extended time instructional programs nation-wide. In 1996--97, six
states (**California**, **Florida**, **Illinois**, **Maryland**,
**Missouri**, and **New Jersey**) were unable to provide information for
this data item. This figure was reduced to two states **(California**
and **Delaware)** in 1997--98.

**Table 16**

**Title I-Funded Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Staff, by State, 1996--97
and 1997--98**

  --------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ----------
                  **Data                        **Teachers**                             **Teacher                     
                  includes                                                               Aides**                       
                  information                                                                                          
                  for:**                                                                                               

  **State**       **1996--97**   **1997--98**   **1996--97**   **1997--98**   **%        **1996--97**   **1997--98**   **%
                                                                              Change**                                 Change**

  Alabama         TAS            TAS            570            1,233          116        589            463            -21

  Alaska          TAS            TAS            68             35             -49        179            184            3

  Arizona                        TAS                           394                                      650            

  Arkansas        TAS/SWP        TAS/SWP        847            475            -44        1,871          857            -54
                  Combined       Combined                                                                              

  California      TAS/SWP        TAS            2,791          8,615          209        11,170         12,786         14
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Colorado        TAS/SWP        TAS/SWP        1,082          1,186          10         596            611            3
                  Combined       Combined                                                                              

  Connecticut     TAS            TAS            355            362            2          440            360            -18

  Delaware        TAS/SWP        TAS            98             126            29         189            179            -5
                  Combined                                                                                             

  District of     TAS            TAS/SWP        7              15             114        12             39             228
  Columbia                       Combined                                                                              

  Florida         TAS/SWP        TAS            3,005          1,304          -57        2,853          1,269          -56
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Georgia         TAS/SWP        TAS/SWP        2,335          2,477          6          1,298          1,299          0
                  Combined       Combined                                                                              

  Hawaii          TAS            TAS            53             75             41         131            44             -66

  Idaho           TAS            TAS            217            233            7          491            467            -5

  Illinois        TAS/SWP        TAS            6,511          5,667          -13        2,055          1,612          -22
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Indiana         TAS            TAS/SWP        1,016          990            -3         2,573          2,309          -10
                                 Combined                                                                              

  Iowa            TAS/SWP        TAS/SWP        1,098          1,079          -2         163            152            -7
                  Combined       Combined                                                                              

  Kansas          TAS            TAS/SWP        1,569          1,710          9          638            696            9
                                 Combined                                                                              

  Kentucky        TAS/SWP        TAS            1,969          496            -75        2,465          718            -71
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Louisiana       TAS/SWP        TAS            1,554          428            -72        2,767          725            -74
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Maine           TAS            TAS            302            286            -5         669            645            -4

  Maryland        TAS/SWP        TAS/SWP        350            677            93         571            893            56
                  Combined       Combined                                                                              

  Massachusetts   TAS            TAS/SWP        1,037          792            -24        481            405            -16
                                 Combined                                                                              

  Michigan        TAS            TAS            1,233          1,250          1          2,910          2,949          1

  Minnesota       TAS/SWP        TAS/SWP        510            969            90         1,681          1,839          9
                  Combined       Combined                                                                              

  Mississippi     TAS            TAS            297            238            -20        447            291            -35

  Missouri        TAS            TAS            1,872          2,199          17         1,070          1,049          -2

  Montana         TAS            TAS            411            425            3          352            296            -16

  Nebraska        TAS            TAS            388            374            -4         211            189            -11

  Nevada          TAS            TAS/SWP        132            84             -36        94             72             -23
                                 Combined                                                                              

  New Hampshire   TAS/SWP        TAS            202            236            17         281            291            4
                  Combined                                                                                             

  New Jersey      TAS            TAS            2,118          3,096          46         617            846            37

  New Mexico      TAS/SWP        TAS            789            443            -44        874            545            -38
                  Combined                                                                                             

  New York        TAS            TAS            5,276          4,227          -20        2,377          2,734          15

  North Carolina  TAS            TAS            1,319          958            -27        629            441            -30

  North Dakota    TAS/SWP        TAS/SWP        324            342            6          318            307            -3
                  Combined       Combined                                                                              

  Ohio            TAS/SWP        TAS/SWP        4,045          4,247          5          1,153          1,210          5
                  Combined       Combined                                                                              

  Oklahoma                       TAS                           1,063                                    510            

  Oregon          TAS/SWP        TAS            596            416            -30        872            696            -20
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Pennsylvania    TAS            TAS/SWP        2,275          2,567          13         1,096          1,082          -1
                                 Combined                                                                              

  Rhode Island    TAS/SWP        TAS/SWP        197            145            -26        209            383            83
                  Combined       Combined                                                                              

  South Carolina  TAS            TAS/SWP        189            141            -26        205            110            -46
                                 Combined                                                                              

  South Dakota    TAS/SWP        TAS            368            289            -21        242            206            -15
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Tennessee       TAS/SWP        TAS/SWP        728            604            -17        711            574            -19
                  Combined       Combined                                                                              

  Texas           TAS            TAS            1,377          1,220          -11        1,367          928            -32

  Utah            TAS/SWP        TAS/SWP        176            169            -4         980            927            -5
                  Combined       Combined                                                                              

  Vermont         TAS/SWP        TAS            194            234            21         200            195            -2
                  Combined                                                                                             

  Virginia        TAS            TAS            1,294          1,251          -3         632            673            6

  Washington      TAS/SWP        TAS            768            654            -15        24             25             4
                  Combined                                                                                             

  West Virginia   TAS            TAS            617            432            -30        155            95             -39

  Wisconsin       TAS            TAS            1,036          1,025          -1         449            488            9

  Wyoming         TAS            TAS            156            153            -2         184            192            4

  Bureau of       TAS            TAS            7                                        9                             
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                       

  Puerto Rico     TAS/SWP        TAS            5,526          3,403          -38        164            92             -44
                  Combined                                                                                             

  **Total**                                     **61,254**     **61,507**     **0**      **52,714**     **47,596**     **-10**
  --------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ----------

**Notes**: The totals shown here for 1996--97 do not reflect data from
all states. **Arizona** and **Oklahoma** were unable to provide
information for this data item.

> **Table 16 (continued)**
>
> **Title I-Funded Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Staff, by State, 1996--97
> and 1997--98**

  --------------- -------------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- --------------
                  **Administrators**                             **Support                                **Other                                  **Total\***    
                                                                 Staff**                                  Staff**                                                 

  **State**       **1996--97**         **1997--98**   **%        **1996--97**   **1997--98**   **%        **1996--97**   **1997--98**   **%        **1996--97**   **1997--98**
                                                      Change**                                 Change**                                 Change**                  

  Alabama         39                   41             5          56             50             -10        41             30             -27        1,294          1,817

  Alaska          4                    5              31         28             7              -75        0              4                         279            235

  Arizona                              25                                       60                                       27                                       1,156

  Arkansas        100                  41             -59        77             31             -60        64             83             30         2,960          1,487

  California      374                  766            105        1,907          2,562          34         1,661          2,034          22         17,902         26,763

  Colorado        36                   35             -4         19             23             22         12             67             455        1,746          1,921

  Connecticut     16                   13             -22        34             15             -57        76             27             -64        921            776

  Delaware        13                   11             -18        13             9              -35        19             7              -64        332            331

  District of     0                    0                         1              1              0          2              2              0          22             57
  Columbia                                                                                                                                                        

  Florida         104                  55             -47        503            161            -68        217            162            -25        6,682          2,951

  Georgia         126                  125            -1         236            245            4          358            166            -54        4,353          4,312

  Hawaii          0                    0                         0              0                         4              2              -50        188            121

  Idaho           21                   25             18         7              24             238        27             13             -51        762            762

  Illinois        355                  391            10         168            635            278        628            250            -60        9,717          8,554

  Indiana         66                   72             9          260            260            0          95             143            50         4,010          3,774

  Iowa            0                    0                         31             39             25         0              0                         1,293          1,270

  Kansas          50                   55             10         63             69             9          43             2              -95        2,363          2,531

  Kentucky        113                                 -100       139            20             -86        103            21             -79        4,790          1,254

  Louisiana       145                  52             -64        375            65             -83        233            179            -23        5,074          1,450

  Maine           95                   18             -82        8              23             190        14             0              -100       1,087          972

  Maryland        18                   48             167        35             239            584        260            225            -14        1,234          2,082

  Massachusetts   65                   58             -10        76             88             16         59             94             60         1,718          1,438

  Michigan        113                  115            2          243            246            1          147            148            1          4,646          4,708

  Minnesota       47                   42             -10        27             389            1,342      35                            -100       2,300          3,240

  Mississippi     27                   17             -36        40             29             -28        33             22             -32        843            597

  Missouri        31                   51             65         26             65             151        89             5              -94        3,087          3,369

  Montana         13                   16             22         26             30             14         12             19             55         814            785

  Nebraska        31                   14             -55        27             13             -51        18             15             -19        676            605

  Nevada          1                    1              -20        0              0                         1              1              30         228            158

  New Hampshire   22                   23             3          21             17             -21        27             40             50         553            606

  New Jersey      98                   80             -18        93             111            20         124            87             -30        3,051          4,220

  New Mexico      24                   21             -12        59             56             -5         56             25             -55        1,802          1,090

  New York        142                  152            7          350            259            -26        358            289            -19        8,504          7,661

  North Carolina  44                   47             8          33             43             31         47             50             5          2,071          1,539

  North Dakota    18                   35             94         0                                        0                                        660            684

  Ohio            111                  117            5          141            148            5          101            111            10         5,552          5,834

  Oklahoma                             81                                       91                                       22                                       1,767

  Oregon          32                   24             -24        56             1,703          2,941      56             21             -63        1,611          2,860

  Pennsylvania    91                   104            14         69             134            94         221            266            21         3,752          4,153

  Rhode Island    9                    6              -33        10             7              -26        173            25             -85        597            566

  South Carolina  26                   14             -47        26             6              -78        14             10             -29        460            280

  South Dakota    6                    2              -68        4              19             385        21             0              -100       642            516

  Tennessee       125                  94             -25        33             85             158        174            256            47         1,771          1,612

  Texas           40                   26             -35        104            53             -49        126            77             -39        3,014          2,304

  Utah            22                   22             1          36             34             -4         0              146                       1,213          1,298

  Vermont         16                   12             -24        4              7              80         5              8              59         420            457

  Virginia        77                   70             -9         42             49             15         78             91             17         2,122          2,133

  Washington      39                   29             -25        1,199          876            -27        65             38             -42        2,095          1,622

  West Virginia   117                  25             -78        21             19             -12        25             22             -14        935            593

  Wisconsin       25                   25             0          34             32             -6         41             38             -8         1,585          1,607

  Wyoming         9                    16             72         9              14             50         7              6              -18        364            380

  Bureau of       1                                   -100       1                             -100       1                             -100       18             0
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                                                                  

  Puerto Rico     527                  41             -92        1,038          441            -58        1,779          3              -100       9,034          3,980

  **Total**       **3,624**            **3,156**      **-13**    **7,808**      **9,601**      **23**     **7,750**      **5,379**      **-31**    **133,147**    **127,239**
  --------------- -------------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- --------------

> \* The figures in this column include the FTE staff reported by the
> states in all 5 staffing categories: Administrators, Teachers, Teacher
> Aides, Support Staff, and Other.

**Note:** Other staff include clerical, parent coordinator/liaison, bus
driver, truant officer, health coordinator, and secretary. The totals
shown here for 1996--97 do not reflect data from all states. **Arizona**
and **Oklahoma** were unable to provide information for this data item.

> **Table 17**
>
> **Title I Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Teachers and Teacher Aides
> 1979-80 through 1997--98**

  -------------- -------------- ----------- ------------ ----------- -----------
                 **Teachers**               **Teacher                
                                            Aides**                  

  **Year**       **Number**     **Percent   **Number**   **Percent   **Number of
                                of Total                 of Total    Total
                                Staff**                  Staff**     Staff**

  1979--80       77,782         40          86,826       45          194,403

  1980--81       80,078         43          80,938       44          185,925

  1981--82       74,786         45          67,536       40          167,748

  1982--83       68,590         46          58,093       39          149,220

  1983--84       68,627         46          57,479       38          150,277

  1984--85       72,797         46          61,380       39          158,967

  1985--86       69,014         45          59,058       39          151,936

  1986--87       64,143         46          55,530       39          140,691

  1987--88       65,668         46          56,078       39          143,675

  1988--89       68,149         45          60,544       40          150,816

  1989--90       68,554         46          61,282       41          149,275

  1990--91       71,109         45          65,232       41          158,270

  1991--92       77,344         45          69,806       41          171,830

  1992--93       82,294         45          74,342       41          182,496

  1993--94       85,565         45          77,811       40          192,165

  1994--95       85,288         45          77,811       41          189,528

  1995--96+                                                          

  1996--97\*\*   61,253         46          52,715       40          133,148

  1997--98       61,507         48          47,596       37          127,239
  -------------- -------------- ----------- ------------ ----------- -----------

\+ No State Performance Report information was collected for the 1995-96
school year.

\*\* Starting with this reporting year, states were asked to report
information for only Targeted Assistance (TAS) schools. In 1996--97, the
information submitted by the states was nearly equally divided between
those states which submitted information for TAS schools only and those
which submitted information for TAS and Schoolwide (SWP) combined. For
the 1997--98 reporting year, approximately two-thirds of the states
reported data for TAS schools only.

**Table 18**

**Number of Neglected, Delinquent, and Adult Correctional Title I
Participants, by State, 1996--97 and 1997--98**

  --------------- --------------- -------- -------------- -------- ---------------- -------- -------------- -------- ---------------- -------- -------------- -------- -------------- --------------
                  **Neglected**                                    **Delinquent**                                    **Adult                                           **Total**      
                                                                                                                     Correctional**                                                   

  **State**       **1996--97**    **%**    **1997--98**   **%**    **1996--97**     **%**    **1997--98**   **%**    **1996--97**     **%**    **1997--98**   **%**    **1996--97**   **1997--98**

  Alabama         0               0        0              0        3,130            80       3,130          80       792              20       762            20       3,922          3,892

  Alaska          0               0                                288              91                               29               9                                317            

  Arizona         0               0        949            24       11,413           87       2,419          62       1,646            13       507            13       13,059         3,875

  Arkansas        0               0        0              0        273              46       128            16       319              54       686            84       592            814

  California      71,671          68       37,673         37       34,115           32       62,213         62                        0        926            1        105,786        100,812

  Colorado        0               0        0              0        226              100      275            67                        0        138            33       226            413

  Connecticut     164             8        134            7        621              31       615            33       1,241            61       1,115          60       2,026          1,864

  Delaware        0               0        0              0        286              53       84             40       258              47       127            60       544            211

  District of     85              3        225            15       793              29       274            19       1,850            68       974            66       2,728          1,473
  Columbia                                                                                                                                                                            

  Florida         0               0        0              0        288              9        424            13       2,931            91       2,915          87       3,219          3,339

  Georgia         0               0        0              0        1,350            78       1,188          67       380              22       575            33       1,730          1,763

  Hawaii          0               0        0              0        153              57       219            68       117              43       103            32       270            322

  Idaho           131             23       255            35       370              64       410            56       79               14       66             9        580            731

  Illinois        1,988           41       2,406          44       1,976            40       1,963          36       932              19       1,101          20       4,896          5,470

  Indiana         164             9        162            12       1,633            91       1,222          88       0                0        0              0        1,797          1,384

  Iowa            67              16       0              0        102              25       152            35       239              59       284            65       408            436

  Kansas          444             33       432            28       792              59       988            65       103              8        103            7        1,339          1,523

  Kentucky        55              2        109            11       2,224            85       285            30       352              13       572            59       2,631          966

  Louisiana       0               0        1,406          23       1,817            100      4,626          77       0                0        0              0        1,817          6,032

  Maine           0               0        0              0        181              82       476            92       41               18       40             8        222            516

  Maryland        0               0        567            15       1,429            74       1,920          51       514              26       1,312          35       1,943          3,799

  Massachusetts   1,014           60       1,272          43       536              32       1,297          44       132              8        393            13       1,682          2,962

  Michigan        1,130           49       0              0        915              40       915            79       250              11       250            21       2,295          1,165

  Minnesota                                0              0                                  0              0                                  678            100      0              678

  Mississippi     474             35       454            34       551              41       615            46       328              24       271            20       1,353          1,340

  Missouri        1,632           52       1,764          47       789              25       1,268          34       710              23       695            19       3,131          3,727

  Montana         0               0        0              0        198              79       242            81       54               21       56             19       252            298

  Nebraska        153             10       277            18       1,155            78       1,088          72       173              12       150            10       1,481          1,515

  Nevada          0               0        0              0        342              100      1,268          100      0                0        0              0        342            1,268

  New Hampshire   92              10       104            11       793              90       841            89       0                0        0              0        885            945

  New Jersey      0               0        569            19       745              52       1,650          57       697              48       700            24       1,442          2,919

  New Mexico      36              2        44             6        1,831            92       517            76       116              6        116            17       1,983          677

  New York        6,757           41       9,149          67       8,133            50       2,822          21       1,500            9        1,600          12       16,390         13,571

  North Carolina  0               0        0              0        515              26       964            28       1,493            74       2,471          72       2,008          3,435

  North Dakota    0               0        0              0        140              100      161            100      0                0        0              0        140            161

  Ohio            0               0        0              0        2,224            56       2,335          56       1,758            44       1,845          44       3,982          4,180

  Oklahoma        445             41       445            26       248              23       262            15       387              36       994            58       1,080          1,701

  Oregon          870             39       796            34       1,225            55       1,372          59       136              6        153            7        2,231          2,321

  Pennsylvania    336             23       351            22       709              48       747            48       434              29       474            30       1,479          1,572

  Rhode Island    111             13       37             5        418              48       352            46       350              40       380            49       879            769

  South Carolina  83              5        41             3        584              38       565            37       851              56       903            60       1,518          1,509

  South Dakota    266             22       194            13       772              63       779            54       196              16       467            32       1,234          1,440

  Tennessee       147             15       143            14       565              59       555            56       238              25       300            30       950            998

  Texas           0               0        0              0        3,215            85       3,709          87       559              15       538            13       3,774          4,247

  Utah            82              11       319            24       589              78       859            65       81               11       151            11       752            1,329

  Vermont         115             53       72             27       15               7        42             16       88               40       150            57       218            264

  Virginia        0               0        0              0        2,396            83       2,187          85       505              17       386            15       2,901          2,573

  Washington      0               0        0              0        1,701            77       1,787          99       512              23       11             1        2,213          1,798

  West Virginia   0               0        0              0        871              100      1,213          100      0                0        0              0        871            1,213

  Wisconsin       0               0        0              0        1,864            81       16             1        426              19       2,133          99       2,290          2,149

  Wyoming         0               0        0              0        324              100      192            100      0                0        0              0        324            192

  Bureau of       NA                                               NA                                                NA                                                               
  Indian Affairs                                                                                                                                                                      

  Puerto Rico     0               0        489            24       944              72       1,041          51       362              28       509            25       1,306          2,039

  **Total**       **88,512**      **42**   **60,838**     **30**   **98,767**       **47**   **114,672**    **56**   **24,159**       **11**   **29,080**     **14**   **211,438**    **204,590**
  --------------- --------------- -------- -------------- -------- ---------------- -------- -------------- -------- ---------------- -------- -------------- -------- -------------- --------------

**Notes:** The national figures for this portion of the program should
be viewed with caution, as participants in **California** account for
more than 50 percent of state N or D participants. Additionally,
year-to-year trends tend to be a reflection of trends in **California,**
rather than a reflection of trends in the nation as a whole. For
**Alaska,** the figures shown under delinquent for 1996--97 actually
represent neglected and delinquent participants combined.

> **Table 19**
>
> **Number of Institutions Participating in the State Agency Neglected
> or Delinquent (N or D) Program and the Number Operating
> Institution-Wide Programs, by State, 1996--97 and 1997--98**

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 15%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"><p><strong>Neglected</strong></p>
<p><strong>Institutions</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p><strong>Delinquent</strong></p>
<p><strong>Institutions</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Total N or D Institutions</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><p><strong>Number and Percent</strong></p>
<p><strong>N and D Institution Wide</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Adult Correctional</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>State</strong></td>
<td><strong>1996–97</strong></td>
<td><strong>1997–98</strong></td>
<td><strong>1996–97</strong></td>
<td><strong>1997–98</strong></td>
<td><strong>1996–97</strong></td>
<td><strong>1997–98</strong></td>
<td><strong>1996–97</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent Institution-Wide</strong></td>
<td><strong>1997–98</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent Institution-Wide</strong></td>
<td><strong>1996–97</strong></td>
<td><strong>1997–98</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Alabama</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Alaska</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>60%</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Arizona</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>94%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Arkansas</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>400%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>California</td>
<td>176</td>
<td></td>
<td>53</td>
<td></td>
<td>229</td>
<td></td>
<td>163</td>
<td>71%</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Colorado</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Connecticut</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>150%</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>150%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Delaware</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>500%</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>District of Columbia</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>25%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>50%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Florida</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Georgia</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>10</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>20%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>33%</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Hawaii</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Idaho</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>12%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>9%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Illinois</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>13%</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>16%</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Indiana</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Iowa</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kansas</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>8%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>10%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kentucky</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>21%</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>19%</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>14</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Louisiana</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>22%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Maine</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Maryland</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Massachusetts</td>
<td>71</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>71</td>
<td>87</td>
<td>126</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Michigan</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Minnesota</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Mississippi</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>6%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>6%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Missouri</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>71</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>79</td>
<td>117</td>
<td></td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>32%</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>15</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Montana</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nebraska</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nevada</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>New Hampshire</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>New Jersey</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>36%</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>New Mexico</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>33%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>New York</td>
<td>96</td>
<td>109</td>
<td>133</td>
<td>127</td>
<td>229</td>
<td>236</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>North Carolina</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>North Dakota</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ohio</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>75%</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>75%</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oklahoma</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oregon</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pennsylvania</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Rhode Island</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>20%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>50%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>South Carolina</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>33%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>33%</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>South Dakota</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>79%</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Tennessee</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>80%</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>80%</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Texas</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>200%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Utah</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>112%</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Vermont</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Virginia</td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>133%</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Washington</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>West Virginia</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Wisconsin</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Wyoming</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>100%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Bureau of Indian Affairs</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Puerto Rico</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>200%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>50%</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>638</strong></td>
<td><strong>488</strong></td>
<td><strong>507</strong></td>
<td><strong>547</strong></td>
<td><strong>1,145</strong></td>
<td><strong>1,035</strong></td>
<td><strong>285</strong></td>
<td><strong>25%</strong></td>
<td><strong>170</strong></td>
<td><strong>16%</strong></td>
<td><strong>206</strong></td>
<td><strong>182</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

**Table 20**

**Use of Title I State Administration Funds, 1996--97 and 1997--98**

  --------------- ----------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
                                    **1996--97**                                 **1997--98**                  

  **State**       **Funds           **Basic        **State-wide   **Technical    **Basic        **State-wide   **Technical
                  Consol-idated**   Program        Program        Assistance**   Program        Program        Assistance**
                                    Operation**    Services**                    Operation**    Services**     

  Alabama         Yes                                                                                          

  Alaska                                                                         25             10             65

  Arizona         Yes                                                                                          

  Arkansas                          55             10             35             60             20             20

  California      Yes                                                                                          

  Colorado                          54             6              40             54             8              38

  Connecticut                       64                            36                                           

  Delaware        Yes                                                                                          

  District of     Yes                                                            75                            25
  Columbia                                                                                                     

  Florida         Yes                                                                                          

  Georgia                           35             15             50             7              36             20

  Hawaii                            48             15             37             48             15             37

  Idaho           Yes                                                                                          

  Illinois                          28             34             38             28             34             38

  Indiana                           66                            34             67                            33

  Iowa                              80             10             10             77             13             10

  Kansas          Yes                                                                                          

  Kentucky                          75                            25             50             0              50

  Louisiana                         39             38             23             42             18             40

  Maine                                                                          34             33             33

  Maryland                          96                            4              93             0              7

  Massachusetts   Yes                                                                                          

  Michigan                          54                            46             75             0              25

  Minnesota       Yes                                                                                          

  Mississippi     Yes                                                                                          

  Missouri        Yes                                                                                          

  Montana                           40             20             40             25             35             40

  Nebraska                          54             14             32             44             24             32

  Nevada                            35             10             55             35             10             55

  New Hampshire                                                                  40             10             50

  New Jersey      Yes                                                                                          

  New Mexico                                                                     80             10             10

  New York        Yes                                                                                          

  North Carolina                    15             4              81             25             10             65

  North Dakota                      75             10             15             75             5              20

  Ohio                              60             8              32             50             5              45

  Oklahoma        Yes                                                                                          

  Oregon                            50             6              44             31             15             54

  Pennsylvania    Yes                                                                                          

  Rhode Island    Yes                                                                                          

  South Carolina                    42             3              55             57             0              43

  South Dakota    Yes                                                                                          

  Tennessee       Yes                                                                                          

  Texas           Yes                                                                                          

  Utah                              60             10             30             60             8              32

  Vermont                           50             25             25             80             20             0

  Virginia        Yes                                                                                          

  Washington      Yes                                                                                          

  West Virginia                     62             8              30             72             9              19

  Wisconsin       Yes                                                                                          

  Wyoming                           37             37             26             37             37             26

  Bureau of                         66             12             22             75             0              25
  Indian Affairs                                                                                               

  Puerto Rico                       40             25             35             40             25             35

  **Total**                         **53**         **15**         **35**         **52**         **15**         **33**

  **Number of     **23**            **26**                                       **30**                        
  States**                                                                                                     
  --------------- ----------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

[^1]: ^?^ Content standards broadly define what a student should know
    and be able to do in a given subject area. Performance standards go
    on to define how well a student should perform in those subject
    areas to be considered advanced, proficient, or partially
    proficient.

[^2]: The Local N or D program provides funding for services for
    children living in local institutions for neglected children. These
    services are provided by the school district and are to be
    comparable to the services provided to the students enrolled in the
    elementary and secondary schools in the district.