Approved: XX-XX-01

Review: XX-XX-03

**OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY**

**HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS**

**FOR FIXED-FACILITIES AND**

**ASSOCIATED ONSITE ACTIVITIES**

![](media/image1.png){width="2.3055555555555554in"
height="2.4027777777777777in"}

**U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY**

**Office of Security and Emergency Operations**

**OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS**

**FOR FIXED-FACILITIES AND ASSOCIATED ONSITE ACTIVITIES**

1\. [PURPOSE]{.underline}. This Manual provides detailed requirements
for Department of Energy (DOE) and National Nuclear Security
Administration (NNSA) fixed-facilities and associated onsite activities
involving significant quantities of hazardous materials (radioactive,
chemical, biological, etc.), including onsite movement of materials, to
augment draft DOE O 151.1B, COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM,
for purposes of emergency planning, preparedness, readiness assurance,
and response. The requirements are used to establish and maintain
facility-specific Operational Emergency Hazardous Materials Programs,
including plans and procedures, personnel, budgets, and other resources.

2\. [APPLICABILITY]{.underline}.

> a\. [DOE Elements]{.underline}. Except for the exclusions below, this
> Manual applies to all DOE elements, including the NNSA.
>
> b\. [Contractors]{.underline}. Except for the exclusions below, this
> Manual must be included as a List B directive under the provisions of
> 48 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 970.5204-78. It must be applied
> to the universe of contractors awarded DOE or NNSA procurement
> contracts involving the management and operation of DOE or NNSA-owned
> and leased facilities and activities, contractors awarded
> performance-based management contracts, or contractors with
> responsibility for providing Emergency Assistance. Contractor
> requirements must be supplemented, as necessary, by DOE or NNSA field
> elements to implement the requirements of this Order. Contractors must
> continue to comply with the requirements of Orders canceled by this
> Order until their contracts are modified to delete the reference to
> the requirements of the canceled Orders and to incorporate the new
> requirements of draft DOE O 151.1B.
>
> c\. [Exclusions]{.underline}.
>
> \(1\) The following facilities and activities are excluded from the
> requirements of this Manual: the NNSA Office of Naval Reactors,
> shipments made under the Transportation Safeguards System, the Power
> Marketing Administrations; and offsite non-weapons transportation
> activities.
>
> \(2\) Except where otherwise agreed, all DOE or NNSA facilities
> subject to Nuclear Regulatory Commission license requirements are
> specifically excluded from the requirements of this Manual.
>
> d\. [Exemptions]{.underline}.
>
> \(1\) If a DOE or NNSA element or contractor can demonstrate that it
> is subject to emergency management program requirements under the
> authority of other Federal regulatory agencies, and those requirements
> are at least as stringent as the requirements of this Manual, an
> exemption may be requested.
>
> \(2\) Requests for exemptions from the requirements of this Manual
> must document the basis for each exemption and must establish and
> justify alternatives equivalent to, or exceeding, this Manual. A
> process conducted under the provisions of DOE M 450.3‑1, DOE CLOSURE
> PROCESS FOR NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT SETS OF STANDARDS, (see draft
> DOE O 151.1B, paragraph 4.a.(3)(b)) may be used to develop alternative
> requirements, with the resulting alternatives submitted for approval
> in accordance with paragraph 2.d.(3) below.
>
> \(3\) Requests for exemptions are approved jointly by the Secretarial
> Officer and the Director of Emergency Operations, with conflicts
> resolved by the Deputy Secretary or designated Chief Operating Officer
> for DOE. Requests for exemptions must be submitted from the field
> element manager to the appropriate Secretarial Officer(s) and the
> Director of Emergency Operations.

3\. [SUMMARY]{.underline}. Draft DOE O 151.1B establishes the overall
requirements for the DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System and
addresses the minimum requirements for the Operational Emergency Base
Program in Attachment 2. In addition to the Base Program, this Manual
provides specific, supplemental requirements for the Operational
Emergency Hazardous Material Program to be incorporated into emergency
management programs for DOE and NNSA fixed facilities and associated
onsite activities involving significant quantities of hazardous
materials.

4\. [RELATED REGULATIONS AND PLANS]{.underline}. Federal agency
regulations and technical references to be considered in the development
of hazardous materials emergency management programs as part of the
Comprehensive Emergency Management System include the following.

> a\. Title 29 CFR 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Highly
> Hazardous Chemicals, requires the development and implementation of a
> plan to prevent or minimize the consequences of catastrophic releases
> of toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals that may result
> in toxic, fire, or explosion hazards, and provides a list of hazardous
> materials threshold quantities.
>
> b\. Title 29 CFR 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations And Emergency
> Response, establishes safety requirements and requires training for
> workers involved in the treatment, storage, or disposal of hazardous
> waste.
>
> c\. Title 40 CFR 68, Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions, requires
> emergency planning for industries with hazardous materials and
> includes hazardous materials threshold quantities at 40 CFR 68.130.
>
> d\. Title 40 CFR 116, Designation of Hazardous Substances, and 40 CFR
> 117, Determination of Reportable Quantities For Hazardous Substances,
> require limiting discharge of hazardous chemicals through the National
> Pollution Discharge Elimination System permits.
>
> e\. The following regulations require emergency planning for hazardous
> material waste sites and are generally implemented at DOE and NNSA
> sites as part of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B
> permit process, with an emergency plan being part of the permit
> submission:
>
> \(1\) Title 40 CFR 260, Hazardous Waste Management System;
>
> \(2\) Title 40 CFR 264, Standards for Owners and Operators of
> Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities; and
>
> \(3\) Title 40 CFR 265, Interim Status Standards for Owners and
> Operators of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
> Facilities.
>
> f\. Title 40 CFR 300, National Oil And Hazardous Substances Pollution
> Contingency Plan, establishes emergency response procedures for oil
> and hazardous substances, including notifying the National Response
> Center of chemical spills. This is also known as the National Oil and
> Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, or the National
> Contingency Plan (NCP).
>
> g\. The Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan, dated 5‑1-96,
> establishes an organized and integrated capability for timely,
> coordinated response by Federal agencies to peacetime radiological
> emergencies.
>
> h\. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published Protective
> Action Guides (PAGs) to which the exposure level resulting from
> radiological releases is compared for determining whether protective
> actions should be implemented.
>
> i\. The EPA has published Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)
> through the National Research Council. AEGLs are chemical
> concentration levels in air to which the exposure level resulting from
> the release of nonradiological material is compared for determining
> whether protective actions should be implemented.
>
> j\. The American Industrial Hygiene Association has published
> Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPGs), to which the exposure
> level resulting from the release of nonradiological material is
> compared, for determining whether protective actions should be
> implemented.
>
> k\. The DOE Subcommittee on Consequence Assessment and Protective
> Action has published Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs) in
> the Journal of Applied Toxicology 20, 11-20 (2000). TEELs are chemical
> concentration levels in air to which the exposure level resulting from
> the release of nonradiological material is compared for determining
> whether protective actions should be implemented.

5\. [CONTACT]{.underline}. For assistance regarding this directive,
contact the Director of Emergency Operations at 202‑586‑9892.

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY:

**CONTENTS**

1\. [HAZARDS SURVEY/ HAZARDS ASSESSMENT]{.underline} 1

2\. [PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION]{.underline} 2

3\. [TRAINING AND DRILLS]{.underline} 3

4\. [EXERCISES]{.underline} 4

5\. [READINESS ASSURANCE]{.underline} 7

6\. [EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION]{.underline} 9

7\. [OFFSITE RESPONSE INTERFACES]{.underline} 10

8\. [EMERGENCY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT]{.underline} 11

9\. [EMERGENCY CATEGORIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION]{.underline} 12

10\. [NOTIFICATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS]{.underline} 13

11\. [CONSEQUENCE ASSESSMENT]{.underline} 14

12\. [PROTECTIVE ACTIONS AND REENTRY]{.underline} 15

13\. [EMERGENCY MEDICAL SUPPORT]{.underline} 16

14\. [EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFORMATION]{.underline} 17

15\. [TERMINATION AND RECOVERY]{.underline} 18

**OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROGRAMS FOR**

**FIXED-FACILITIES AND ASSOCIATED ONSITE ACTIVITIES**

1\. [HAZARDS SURVEY/ HAZARDS ASSESSMENT]{.underline}. The Hazards Survey
is a qualitative examination of facility- and activity-specific hazards
that identifies all of the potential emergency events/conditions to be
addressed by the facility/activity comprehensive emergency management
program. In addition to describing potential emergency events and
conditions, the Hazards Survey characterizes associated health and
safety impacts and identifies related emergency planning, preparedness,
readiness assurance, and response requirements that constitute the
Operational Emergency Base Program. When the Hazards Survey identifies
the presence of significant quantities of hazardous materials
(radioactive, chemical, biological, etc.) at specific
facilities/activities, a quantitative Emergency Planning Hazards
Assessment (EPHA) must be performed for those facilities or activities.
EPHAs involve the application of rigorous hazards analysis techniques
that provide sufficient detail to assess a broad spectrum of postulated
events or conditions involving the potential onsite release of (or loss
of control over) hazardous materials and to analyze the resulting
consequences. Each facility/activity EPHA reflects both the magnitude of
the hazards and the complexity of the facility/activity processes and
systems associated with the hazards. The EPHA provides the technical
planning basis for determining the necessary plans/procedures,
personnel, resources, equipment, and analyses \[e.g., determination of
an Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ)\] for the Operational Emergency
Hazardous Materials Program.

> a\. [Hazards Surveys]{.underline}.
>
> \(1\) Hazards Surveys for all facilities were to have been completed
> by 9-30-97, under the requirements of DOE O 151.1A. If a Hazards
> Survey does not exist, or if a new facility is constructed, a new
> Hazards Survey must be prepared in accordance with draft DOE O 151.1B,
> Attachment 2, paragraph 3.
>
> \(2\) Existing Hazards Surveys must be reviewed and updated every
> 3 years, or prior to a significant change in hazardous material
> inventory or facility function/operations. If such changes result in
> an increase in hazards, the Hazards Survey must be updated
> immediately. If, however, the changes reduce hazards with no adverse
> effect on safety or emergency preparedness and response, the
> modifications may be performed at the next scheduled review and
> update.
>
> \(3\) Modifications to Hazards Surveys must be prepared in accordance
> with draft DOE O 151.1B, Attachment 2, paragraph 3.
>
> b\. [Hazards Assessments]{.underline}.
>
> \(1\) EPHAs were required under DOE 5500.3A, with the requirement
> continued in DOE O 151.1A. All hazardous material facilities were to
> have been covered by a new or modified EPHA by 9-30-97 under the
> requirements of DOE O 151.1A. If an EPHA does not exist, or if a new
> facility is constructed, a new EPHA must be prepared following draft
> DOE O 151.1B, Attachment 3.
>
> \(2\) Existing EPHAs must be reviewed and updated every year, or prior
> to a significant change in hazardous material inventory or facility
> function/operations. If such changes result in an increase in hazards,
> the EPHA must be updated immediately. If, however, the changes result
> in a reduction of hazards with no adverse effect on safety or
> emergency preparedness and response, the modifications may be
> performed at the next scheduled review and update.
>
> \(3\) Modifications to EPHAs must be prepared in accordance with draft
> DOE O 151.1B, Attachment 3.

2\. [PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION]{.underline}. Effective organizational
management and administrative control of the site/facility/activity
emergency management program must be provided by establishing and
maintaining authorities and necessary resources commensurate with the
responsibility to plan, develop, implement, and maintain a viable,
integrated, and coordinated comprehensive emergency management program.

> a\. The emergency plan must document the emergency management program
> and describe the provisions for response to an Operational Emergency.
> Emergency plans must be reviewed annually and must be updated as
> necessary.

b\. Emergency Plan Implementing Procedures (EPIPs) must describe how
emergency plans will be implemented. EPIPs must be reviewed annually and
must be updated as necessary.

> c\. Plans and procedures must clearly state roles, responsibilities,
> and requirements associated with emergency response organizations
> (EROs), individual positions, operations, and interfaces, including
> classification and protective actions for hazardous materials release
> events.
>
> d\. Plans and procedures must coordinate development and integration
> of the emergency management program with DOE's Integrated Safety
> Management system.
>
> e\. If the relevant facility is generating classified information or
> Unclassified Controlled Nuclear Information (UCNI), or is conducting
> operations that are classified or UCNI, all emergency preparedness
> documents, such as plans, procedures, scenarios, and assessments, must
> be reviewed by an Authorized Derivative Classifier or UCNI reviewing
> official.

3\. [TRAINING AND DRILLS]{.underline}. A coordinated and comprehensive
program of training and drills must be an integral part of the emergency
management program to ensure that training for program-specific
emergency response capabilities is developed, offered, delivered,
validated through testing or drills, maintained, and documented. The
training program applies to onsite ERO personnel and offsite response
organizations that are expected to respond to onsite emergencies. Drills
provide supervised, "hands-on" training and/or validation of classroom
training for members of the ERO.

> a\. An emergency management training program plan must be developed to
> provide a systematic view of program goals, organizational
> responsibilities, resources, and planned activities.
>
> \(1\) The plan must include training goals, an outline of training
> activities, resources and facilities, and qualification requirements,
> as well as a description of the Emergency Management Training
> Organization, target audience, schedule of training activities, and
> training program administration.
>
> \(2\) If the EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies
> that are more severe than an Alert, the training program must be
> consistent with the Corporate Education, Training, and Development
> Business Plan (DOE/MA‑0502), and with DOE Technical Qualifications
> Standards for Emergency Management.
>
> b\. Minimum emergency management program standards, capabilities,
> training, proficiency, and performance requirements must be defined.
>
> c\. The training program for all personnel \[i.e., primary and
> alternate(s)\] comprising the ERO must include provisions for---
>
> \(1\) initial training and annual refresher training;
>
> \(2\) refresher training when hazards or the emergency
> plan/implementing procedures change; and
>
> \(3\) demonstrations of proficiency.
>
> d\. Drills must ensure that ERO members are familiar with procedures,
> interfaces, facilities, job aids and resources, equipment for
> response, protection and communication, and computer applications,
> through practical, "hands-on" activities.
>
> e\. Training for ERO personnel must emphasize the need for practical
> judgements involving event categorization (and classification, if
> necessary), protective actions, and the urgency of notifications of
> Operational Emergencies.
>
> f\. Emergency Action Level (EAL) training must be periodically
> scheduled and conducted to improve the proficiency of ERO personnel in
> timely and conservative classification of Operational Emergencies,
> including decision-making with incomplete or uncertain information for
> events and conditions not covered explicitly by the EALs.
>
> g\. The training of **all** decision-makers authorized to categorize
> and classify Operational Emergencies promptly and accurately must be
> validated each quarter, employing hypothetical scenarios and available
> facility/site aids, such as EAL sets.
>
> h\. Emergency-related information and training on facility- and
> site-specific conditions and hazards must be made available to offsite
> emergency response personnel and organizations, including hospitals,
> that are expected to support onsite response efforts.
>
> i\. Offsite emergency response personnel and organizations must be
> encouraged to participate in drills validating training in response
> activities expected to involve integration of onsite and offsite
> response resources.
>
> j\. Retraining and demonstration of competence must be required
> following poor performance in events or exercises.
>
> k\. Training and drill records must be maintained to document and
> monitor participation, proficiency, and competence.

4\. [EXERCISES]{.underline}. All elements of an emergency management
program must be validated over a 5‑year period through a formal exercise
program. The exercise program must be validated by initiating response
to simulated, realistic emergency events/conditions in a manner that, as
nearly as possible, replicates an integrated emergency response to an
actual event. Planning and preparing for exercises must be conducted
through an effective and structured approach that includes documentation
of specific objectives, scope, time lines, injects, controller
instructions, and evaluation criteria for realistic scenarios. Each
exercise must be effectively and reliably conducted, controlled,
evaluated, and critiqued. Lessons-learned must be developed, resulting
in corrective actions and improvements.

> a\. [Facilities and Sites]{.underline}.
>
> \(1\) Each DOE or NNSA facility must exercise its emergency response
> capability once every year and include at least facility-level
> evaluation and critique. However, if an Alert is the most severe
> potential Operational Emergency identified in the EPHA, the exercise
> frequency must be at least once every 2 years.
>
> \(2\) Each DOE or NNSA site must exercise its site-level ERO elements
> and resources and its integrated emergency response capability a
> minimum of once every year and include a site-level evaluation and
> critique. For multiple-facility sites, the basis for the site-level
> exercise must be rotated among facilities.
>
> \(3\) Full participation exercises are site-level exercises that
> involve the participation of offsite organizations.
>
> \(a\) If a site has no facilities with potential Operational
> Emergencies greater that an Alert, no full participation exercises are
> required.
>
> \(b\) If EPHAs for facilities at the site have identified potential
> Operational Emergencies that are more severe than an Alert, then the
> site must conduct a full participation site-level exercise by inviting
> offsite organizations to participate, and accommodating those that
> chose to participate---
>
> [1]{.underline} at least once every 2 years, or
>
> [2]{.underline} as part of an Operational Readiness Review required
> before starting a new hazardous operation ,or restarting an operation
> that was shut down for safety concerns.
>
> \(b\) For multiple facility sites, the basis for the full
> participation exercise must be rotated among those facilities with
> EPZs extending offsite.
>
> \(5\) Each site must forward site-level exercise packages to the
> Director of Emergency Operations for review not later than 45 days
> prior to the exercise.
>
> \(4\) For each facility, the organization responsible for
> communications with DOE or NNSA Headquarters, operations/field
> offices, and offsite agencies must test communications systems at
> least annually, as part of the annual site-level exercise, or more
> frequently, as needed, to ensure that communications systems are
> operational.
>
> b\. [Radiological Emergency Response Assets]{.underline}.
>
> \(1\) If the EPHA has identified an Alert as the highest potential
> Operational Emergency or if the EPHA does not address radioactive
> materials, the DOE facility/site is not required to invite the
> participation of DOE radiological emergency response assets.
>
> \(2\) f the EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies
> involving radioactive materials that are more severe than an Alert,
> the site exercise program must include periodic participation by
> appropriate DOE or NNSA radiological emergency response assets. Asset
> participation in these exercises must be invited at least once every 5
> years. The assets included in the exercise must be drawn from the
> Accident Response Group (ARG), Nuclear Emergency Search Team (NEST),
> Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC), Aerial
> Measuring System (AMS), National Atmospheric Release Advisory
> Capability (NARAC), Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training
> Site (REAC/TS), and Radiological Assistance Program (RAP).

c\. [Critiques and Corrective Actions]{.underline}.

> \(1\) A critique process, which includes gathering and documenting
> observations of the participants, must be established for each
> exercise.
>
> \(2\) A DOE or NNSA organization responsible for evaluating an
> exercise must determine if the exercise or exercise elements
> satisfactorily accomplished the exercise objectives. Objectives that
> were not satisfactorily accomplished must be retested within 90 days
> through a more limited exercise focused on failed objectives or
> through selected functional tests. A DOE or NNSA evaluating
> organization may elect to assign a failing grade to an exercise if the
> contractor has not demonstrated an ability to protect the health and
> safety of the public and onsite personnel.
>
> \(3\) Corrective action items identified as a result of the critique
> process must be incorporated into the emergency management program.
> Corrective action plans must be developed and submitted for approval
> in accordance with DOE O 414.1A, QUALITY ASSURANCE.

5\. [READINESS ASSURANCE]{.underline}. The emergency management
Readiness Assurance Program must provide a DOE framework and associated
mechanisms for ensuring that emergency plans, implementing procedures,
and resources are adequate and sufficiently maintained, exercised, and
evaluated (including assessment and appraisal), and that appropriate and
timely improvements are made in response to needs identified through
coordinated and comprehensive emergency planning, resource allocation,
training and drills, exercises, and evaluations. There are no additional
requirements in this paragraph to supplement those outlined in draft
DOE O 151.1B, Attachment 2, paragraph 4.b.(5) for Emergency Readiness
Assurance Plans (ERAPs) and self-assessments.

> a\. [Tracking System]{.underline}. A system to track and verify
> correction of findings from program and exercise evaluations or from
> actual responses must be developed, established, and maintained.
>
> \(1\) Evaluation findings must be acknowledged by the evaluated
> activity within 90 days of receipt of findings with a corresponding
> plan for correction.
>
> \(2\) The evaluating organization must validate the closure of all
> open or unresolved evaluation findings, unless the evaluating
> organization is the Office of Independent Oversight and Performance
> Assurance (OA). In that case, line management that oversees the
> performance of the evaluated activity must verify the closure of all
> open or unresolved OA findings.
>
> b\. [Metrics]{.underline}. A system of performance metrics and/or
> measures to capture and track data regarding the status of emergency
> management programs and their performance in key functional areas must
> be developed, established, and maintained in accordance with direction
> provided by the Director of Emergency Operations.
>
> c\. [System Checks]{.underline}. In accordance with direction provided
> by the Director of Emergency Operations, sites/facilities must
> participate in a program of System Checks to determine if specific
> functional tasks in the emergency response program can be adequately
> performed. System Checks are limited to those tasks in the emergency
> response system that are critical elements (i.e., maintaining an
> Emergency Operations Center point of contact, maintaining a recall
> roster, generating a predictive plot or plume model, maintaining an
> emergency notification procedure, establishing a Video
> Teleconference/Emergency Communications Network line, providing a copy
> of a situation report, and providing current meteorological data).
>
> d\. [No-Notice Exercises]{.underline}. In accordance with direction
> provided by the Director of Emergency Operations to determine if one
> or more selected objectives in an emergency response program perform
> according to applicable plans, procedures, and/or other established
> requirements.
>
> e\. [Program Evaluations]{.underline}.
>
> \(1\) [Operations/Field Office]{.underline}. Each DOE or NNSA
> operations/field office must evaluate the emergency management program
> at each facility under its supervision. Each facility must be
> evaluated at least once every year. The operations/field office must
> notify the CSO of its evaluation schedule. If the Alert is the most
> severe potential Operational Emergency identified in the EPHA, the
> program must be evaluated at least once every 2 years.
>
> \(2\) [Headquarters]{.underline}.
>
> \(a\) LPSOs must schedule and perform periodic readiness assurance
> evaluations of emergency management activities at least once every 3
> years. However, if an Alert is the most severe potential Operational
> Emergency identified in the EPHA, activities must be evaluated at
> least once every 5 years.
>
> \(b\) OA conducts evaluations in accordance with DOE O 470.2A,
> SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT INDEPENDENT OVERSIGHT AND
> PERFORMANCE ASSURANCE PROGRAM.
>
> \(c\) Schedules for all Headquarters evaluations and follow-on
> activities must be coordinated with the Director of Emergency
> Operations to minimize impacts and maximize benefits. No more than one
> Headquarters evaluation, not including follow-on activities, should be
> scheduled per facility per year.

6\. [EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION]{.underline}. A structured
organization must be established and maintained for each site/facility
with overall responsibility for initial and ongoing response and
mitigation of an emergency. The ERO must establish effective control at
the event/incident scene and integrate local agencies and organizations
providing onsite response services. An adequate number of experienced
and trained personnel, including designated alternates, must be
available on demand for timely and effective performance of ERO
functions.

> a\. A trained and qualified individual must be available 24 hours a
> day, 7 days a week, to categorize an Operational Emergency not
> involving the release of hazardous materials. This individual\'s
> authority must be unambiguous and clearly communicated throughout the
> organization.
>
> b\. If the EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies that
> are more severe than an Alert, a trained and qualified individual must
> be onsite 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to recognize and
> categorize/classify the event and to conduct appropriate
> notifications. If an Alert is the most severe potential Operational
> Emergency identified in the EPHA, an individual must be assigned
> onsite at a facility during work processes with a high potential for a
> hazardous material release. This individual's authority must be
> unambiguous and clearly communicated throughout the organization. This
> individual's responsibilities may be combined with the
> responsibilities outlined in paragraph 6.a, above.
>
> c\. An emergency director must be in charge of the overall response.
>
> d\. An incident commander, as an ERO member, must be in charge at the
> event scene and use Incident Management System/Incident Command System
> (IMS/ICS) principles to coordinate and direct the emergency response.
> Facilities must adopt the IMS/ICS that is used by local, State, or
> regional agencies that provide assistance to the DOE site. In the
> absence of a locally designated IMS/ICS, National Fire Protection
> Association Standard 1561, *Standard on Emergency Services Incident
> Management System*, must be used to establish the IMS/ICS for DOE
> facilities.
>
> e\. The emergency plan and memorandums of understanding/agreement must
> identify the specific IMS/ICS used.
>
> f\. For sites/facilities/activities where the EPHA has identified
> potential Operational Emergencies that are more severe than an Alert,
> personnel must be assigned liaison responsibilities for coordinating
> and ensuring effective communications with offsite agencies during an
> event.
>
> g\. If the EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies that
> are more severe than an Alert, personnel must be assigned liaison
> responsibilities for coordinating logistics, ensuring effective
> communications, and ensuring consistent units of measure with
> personnel representing DOE or NNSA assets (e.g., NARAC, FRMAC, AMS,
> RAP, REAC/TS, ARG, and/or NEST) required for the response.
>
> h\. Personnel must be qualified for ERO positions on the basis of
> participation in exercises or other evaluated demonstrations of
> proficiency. This may be accomplished by participation of all ERO
> personnel (primary and back-up) on a rotating basis.
>
> \(1\) If the EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies
> that are more severe than an Alert, each individual assigned to the
> ERO must demonstrate his/her proficiency in their assigned position
> each year.
>
> \(2\) If an Alert is the most severe potential Operational Emergency
> identified in the EPHA, ERO members must demonstrate proficiency every
> 2 years.
>
> i\. Fully trained and qualified personnel must be assigned to each ERO
> position to ensure adequate response staffing during an emergency. If
> the EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies that are
> more severe than an Alert, three fully trained and qualified personnel
> must be assigned to each ERO position to ensure reliable activation
> and effective, continuous response staffing during an extended event.

7\. [OFFSITE RESPONSE INTERFACES]{.underline}. Effective interfaces must
be established and maintained to ensure that emergency response
activities are integrated and coordinated with the Federal, Tribal,
State, and local agencies and organizations responsible for emergency
response and protection of workers, the public, and the environment.

> a\. Processes must be in place and implemented for external
> communications with State, Tribal, and local agencies and
> organizations concerning site/facility hazards, alert and notification
> methods, potential emergency consequences and protective actions,
> emergency plans, and provisions for coordination of the release of
> emergency information to the public.
>
> b\. If the EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies that
> are more severe than an Alert, a site or facility representative must
> form a working group consisting of representatives from facility and
> offsite emergency response agencies and organizations. All emergency
> response agencies and organizations within the EPZ must be invited to
> participate. If feasible, the working group should be formed under the
> auspices of the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC).
>
> \(1\) This working group must be chartered to share information and
> discuss common solutions to challenges in planning for response to
> scenarios resulting from DOE or NNSA operation of the facility.
>
> \(2\) The working group must meet at least on a quarterly basis.
>
> c\. A facility representative must be an active member of the LEPC if
> membership is required by Federal regulation.
>
> d\. If a facility has reached an agreement to provide mutual
> assistance to or receive assistance from offsite organizations, such
> agreements must be documented in a formal memorandum of agreement or
> memorandum of understanding. Such memorandums must be included as part
> of the emergency plan and must be reviewed annually.

8\. [EMERGENCY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT]{.underline}. Facilities and
equipment adequate to support emergency response must be available,
operable, and maintained. Specifically, an adequate and viable command
center must be available, as necessary, and adequate personnel
protective equipment must meet the needs of the response.

> a\. A facility must be available for use as a command center by the
> emergency director and members of the ERO.
>
> b\. If the EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies that
> are more severe than an Alert, provisions must be established for use
> of an alternate location if the primary command center is unavailable.
>
> c\. If the EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies that
> are more severe than an Alert, provisions must be established to
> ensure operational compatibility between facility response
> capabilities and DOE or NNSA assets.
>
> d\. Adequate personal protective equipment and other equipment and
> supplies must be available and operable to meet the needs determined
> by the results of the EPHA.

9\. [EMERGENCY CATEGORIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION]{.underline}.
Significant unplanned or nonroutine events or conditions caused by,
involving, or affecting DOE or NNSA facilities, sites, or activities,
must be promptly recognized, **categorized**, and declared as
Operational Emergencies. In addition to being categorized as Operational
Emergencies, events involving the actual or potential airborne release
of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials from a facility also
require prompt and accurate **classification** based on health effect
thresholds (for initiating protective actions) measured or estimated at
specific receptor locations (i.e., facility and site boundaries).
Associated with the classification of these Operational Emergencies must
be default conservative onsite protective actions and offsite protective
action recommendations.

> a\. Facility and site-specific criteria/means/indicators designed to
> recognize events and conditions as Operational Emergencies not
> involving onsite releases of (or loss of control over) hazardous
> materials must be developed for the spectrum of emergency conditions
> identified in the Hazards Survey.
>
> b\. Facility-specific EALs must be developed for the spectrum of
> potential Operational Emergencies involving significant onsite
> releases of (or loss of control over) hazardous materials as
> identified by the EPHA.
>
> c\. EALs must be reviewed and tested regularly to ensure technical
> accuracy and ease of use by decision-makers. Techniques must be
> developed and readily available for the classification of events and
> conditions not covered explicitly by the EALs.
>
> d\. An event or condition must be categorized (and, as required,
> classified) as an Operational Emergency as promptly as possible, but
> not more than 15 minutes after event recognition.
>
> e\. Protective action(s) must be developed, in concert with EALs, such
> that an appropriate protective action(s) is(are) identified for each
> EAL.
>
> f\. Unless the original categorization was incorrect, events
> categorized as emergencies must not be downgraded (e.g., from
> Operational Emergency to Unusual Occurrence). An event determined to
> be an Operational Emergency must remain so until the emergency
> response is terminated. In general, the emergency classification
> (i.e., Alert, Site Area Emergency, General Emergency) should not be
> downgraded until termination of the event; however, emergency
> classification must be reviewed periodically to ensure that
> classification is commensurate with response activities.

10\. [NOTIFICATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS]{.underline}. Prompt, accurate,
and effective initial emergency notifications must be made to workers
and emergency response personnel/organizations, including appropriate
DOE or NNSA elements, and other Federal, Tribal, State, and local
organizations. Accurate and timely follow‑up notifications must be made
when conditions change or when the emergency classification is upgraded
or terminated. Continuous, effective, and accurate communication among
response components and/or organizations must be reliably maintained
throughout an Operational Emergency.

> a\. Each facility/site must establish procedures for prompt initial
> notification of workers, emergency response personnel, and response
> organizations, including DOE or NNSA elements and other Federal,
> Tribal, State, and local organizations. Provisions must also be
> established for continuing effective communication among response
> organizations throughout an emergency.
>
> b\. The manager/administrator, or designee, of each DOE or NNSA
> contractor-operated facility must ensure the following.
>
> \(1\) For events or conditions that are categorized as Operational
> Emergencies involving the significant onsite release of (or loss of
> control over) hazardous materials, and that are classified as Alerts,
> Site Area Emergencies, or General Emergencies, DOE or NNSA field and
> Headquarters Operations Centers and other Federal, Tribal, State, and
> local organizations must be notified as promptly as possible, but no
> later than 15 minutes after the event or condition has been
> categorized and classified. All other organizations must be notified
> within 30 minutes of event categorization and classification.
>
> \(2\) For events or conditions categorized as Operational Emergencies
> not involving the significant onsite release of (or loss of control
> over) hazardous materials, DOE or NNSA field and Headquarters
> Operations Centers must be notified as promptly as possible, but no
> more than 30 minutes after the event or condition has been
> categorized.
>
> \(3\) For events or conditions categorized as Operational Emergencies
> not involving the significant onsite release of (or loss of control
> over) hazardous materials, other Federal, Tribal, State, and local
> organizations must be notified within 30 minutes after the event or
> condition has been categorized, or as established in mutual
> agreements.
>
> c\. Emergency status updates must be forwarded to the next-higher
> Emergency Management Team (EMT) on a continuing basis until the
> emergency is terminated.
>
> d\. Effective communications methods must be established between event
> scene responders, emergency managers, and response facilities.
>
> e\. Following termination of emergency response, and in conjunction
> with the final occurrence report (see DOE O 232.1A), each activated
> EMT must submit a final report on the emergency response to the
> Director of Emergency Operations.
>
> f\. Reporting requirements must be specified during recovery planning.
>
> g\. All reports and media releases must be reviewed for classified
> information or UCNI, prior to being provided to uncleared personnel,
> entered into unclassified data bases, or transmitted using non-secure
> communications equipment.

11\. [CONSEQUENCE ASSESSMENT]{.underline}. Estimates of onsite and
offsite consequences of actual or potential releases of hazardous
materials must be correctly computed and assessed in a timely manner
throughout the emergency. Consequence assessments must be integrated
with event classification and protective action decision-making,
incorporate facility and field indications and measurements, and be
coordinated with offsite agencies.

> a\. A timely initial assessment of the actual or potential
> consequences of an emergency must be performed and in-depth
> assessments of the consequences must be timely throughout the
> emergency.
>
> b\. Methods must be established to perform accurate and timely
> consequence assessments using exposure tables, plume modeling, and
> interpretation of field data to protect site workers, emergency teams,
> and the public.
>
> \(1\) If the EPHA indicates the potential for a General Emergency, the
> facility must have connectivity to NARAC capabilities, with procedures
> to effectively use the NARAC capability as part of real-time
> consequence assessment activities for the mode (primary, backup,
> corroborating) selected by the facility.
>
> \(2\) If the EPHA indicates the potential for a Site Area Emergency,
> the facility must have procedures in place to activate or request
> NARAC capabilities.
>
> \(3\) All DOE or NNSA sites/facilities that have access to NARAC, or
> that have procedures in place to activate or request ARAC
> capabilities, must ensure that site/facility meteorological data and
> source term information can be made available to NARAC in a timely
> manner to facilitate real-time computations.
>
> c\. If the EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies that
> are more severe than an Alert, consequence assessments must be
> coordinated with Federal, Tribal, State, and local response
> organizations.

12\. [PROTECTIVE ACTIONS AND REENTRY]{.underline}. Protective actions
must be promptly and effectively implemented or recommended for
implementation, as needed, to minimize the consequences of emergencies
and to protect the health and safety of workers and the public.
Protective actions must be reassessed throughout an emergency and
modified as conditions change. Reentry activities must be properly
planned, coordinated, and safely accomplished.

> a\. Initial protective actions for collocated facilities and workers
> must be predetermined and directly associated with related EALs. If
> the EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies that are
> more severe than an Alert, initial protective action recommendations
> for the offsite public must also be predetermined and associated with
> related EALs.
>
> b\. If the EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies that
> are more severe than an Alert, timely protective action
> recommendations for the offsite public must be provided to appropriate
> State, Tribal, and/or local authorities.
>
> c\. In the event of facility emergency evacuation, facility personnel
> must be accounted for.
>
> \(1\) To support initial search and rescue activities, initial
> accountability of all personnel evacuated must be obtained within 30
> minutes after beginning the evacuation. The use of wardens, as
> described in the Appendix to 29 CFR 1910, Subpart E, Means of Egress,
> Appendix, paragraph 3, may be used to satisfy this requirement.
>
> \(2\) Accountability actions must be continued to support ongoing
> search and rescue activities following a facility emergency
> evacuation.
>
> d\. Methods must be established for controlling access to contaminated
> areas and for decontaminating personnel or equipment exiting the area.
>
> e\. Planning must address actions that may be taken to increase the
> effectiveness of protective actions (i.e., heating, ventilation, and
> air conditioning shutdown during sheltering).
>
> f\. Protective action criteria, prepared in conformance with DOE or
> NNSA-approved guidance applicable to the actual or potential release
> of hazardous materials to the environment, must be used in protective
> action decision-making.
>
> g\. All emergency response activities, including search and rescue,
> mitigating response activities, field monitoring, and reentry work,
> must be planned and controlled.
>
> h\. Reentry planning must include contingency planning to ensure the
> safety of reentry personnel, such as planning for the rescue of
> reentry teams. All individuals involved in reentry must receive a
> hazards/safety briefing prior to emergency response activities
> consistent with Federal, Tribal, State, and local laws and
> regulations.
>
> i\. Methods must be in place for controlling, monitoring, and
> maintaining records of personnel exposures to hazardous materials.
>
> j\. Title 10 CFR 835.1301 provides requirements for radiological
> emergency exposure situations. The following radiological guidelines
> must apply to reentry or other rescue operations:

+-----------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
| Dose Limit,     | Activity Performed      | Conditions              |
|                 |                         |                         |
| Whole Body      |                         |                         |
+-----------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
| 5 Rem           | All                     |                         |
+-----------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
| 10 Rem          | Protect Major Property  | Where lower dose limit  |
|                 |                         | not practicable         |
+-----------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
| 25 Rem          | Lifesaving or           | Where lower dose limit  |
|                 | protection of large     | not practicable         |
|                 | populations.            |                         |
+-----------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
| \>25 Rem        | Lifesaving or           | Only on a voluntary     |
|                 | protection of large     | basis to personnel      |
|                 | populations.            | fully aware of risks    |
|                 |                         | involved                |
+-----------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+

13\. [EMERGENCY MEDICAL SUPPORT]{.underline}. Medical support must be
provided in accordance with DOE O 440.1A, WORKER PROTECTION MANAGEMENT
FOR DOE FEDERAL AND CONTRACTOR EMPLOYEES, for workers contaminated by
hazardous materials. Onsite and offsite medical facilities must provide
support to transport, accept, and treat contaminated, injured personnel.

> a\. The facility must---
>
> \(1\) provide information and training in advance to medical personnel
> on facility hazardous materials,
>
> \(2\) provide drill and exercise opportunities,
>
> \(3\) send exposure and contamination information with victims, and
>
> \(4\) provide technical expert support to hospitals following
> accidents.

14\. [EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFORMATION]{.underline}. Accurate, candid, and
timely information must be provided to workers, the news media, and the
public during an emergency to establish facts and avoid speculation.
Emergency public information efforts must be coordinated with State,
Tribal, and local governments, and Federal emergency response plans, as
appropriate. Workers and the public must be informed of DOE or NNSA
emergency plans and planned protective actions before emergencies.

> a\. The facility must provide accurate, candid, and timely
> information, consistent with requirements of the Freedom of
> Information Act and the Privacy Act, to ensure the health and safety
> of workers and the public during all emergencies, so as to establish
> facts, avoid rumors and speculation, and be responsive to public
> concern and information needs.
>
> b\. Provisions must be in place for a facility information center to
> be established and to operate as a single source of information during
> an emergency. If the EPHA has identified potential Operational
> Emergencies that are more severe than an Alert, a Joint Information
> Center (JIC) must be established to provide a single source of
> information. The JIC facility and equipment must be commensurate with
> public information needs. The JIC must be established, directed, and
> coordinated by a senior DOE or NNSA public affairs manager or
> alternate. JIC staffing must include trained spokespersons with
> technical expertise related to the emergency.
>
> c\. The emergency public information program must be integrated with
> the facility emergency management program plans and procedures. The
> program must include provisions to inform workers and the public
> concerning facility hazards, protective actions, and emergency
> response activities on a routine basis and in the event of an
> emergency.
>
> d\. Each facility must develop a plan to provide information to the
> public concerning facility hazards, emergency points of contact,
> protective actions, and emergency response activities. This
> information must be provided as activities, hazards, or expected
> actions change, but at least every year. However, if an Alert is the
> most severe potential Operational Emergency identified in the EPHA,
> information must be provided at least every 2 years.

.

> e\. The public information organization must be staffed with trained
> spokespersons to provide support in media interfaces. If the EPHA has
> identified potential Operational Emergencies that are more severe than
> an Alert, a news writer and other trained personnel must provide
> support in media services, public inquiry, media inquiry, JIC
> management and administrative activities, and media monitoring.
>
> f\. A press statement must be released as soon as possible. If the
> EPHA has identified potential Operational Emergencies that are more
> severe than an Alert, a press statement must be released by the
> responsible DOE or NNSA facility or field office within 1 hour of the
> declaration of an Operational Emergency.
>
> g\. The Headquarters Director of the Office of Public Affairs and
> Director of Emergency Operations must be informed of all DOE or NNSA
> emergency public information actions. These notifications must be made
> as soon as practicable but are not required prior to issuing the
> initial news release. All statements must be coordinated with DOE
> Headquarters thereafter.
>
> h\. In situations involving classified information, sufficient
> unclassified information must be provided to explain the emergency
> response and protective actions required for the health and safety of
> workers and the public.
>
> i\. Public announcements that contain information that may present a
> security risk must be reviewed by an Authorized Derivative Classifier
> or reviewing official before release, and released as appropriate.
>
> j\. A DOE or NNSA or contractor public information officer must be
> assigned to a response team deployed offsite to provide mutual aid to
> a significant response.

15\. [TERMINATION AND RECOVERY]{.underline}. The termination of an
Operational Emergency must be accomplished by meeting a predetermined
set of criteria and coordinating the termination with offsite agencies.
Recovery from a terminated Operational Emergency must involve
communication and coordination with State, Tribal, local, and other
Federal agencies; planning, management, and organization of the
associated recovery activities; and ensuring the health and safety of
workers and the public.

> a\. Predetermined criteria for termination of emergencies must be
> established/developed.
>
> b\. The means must exist for estimating exposure to hazardous
> materials and for protecting workers and the general public from
> exposure during reentry and recovery activities.
>
> c\. Recovery procedures must include dissemination of information to
> Federal, Tribal, State, and local organizations regarding the
> emergency and possible relaxation of public protective actions;
> notifications associated with termination of an emergency; planning
> for decontamination actions; establishment of a recovery organization;
> development of reporting requirements; and establishment of criteria
> for resumption of normal operations.
>
> d\. The facility must ensure that the ERO and the accident
> investigation team, operating under the provisions of DOE O 225.1A,
> ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION, coordinate or integrate their activities to
> facilitate an orderly transition of responsibilities for the emergency
> scene.