### **ITEM P-151 CLEARING AND GRUBBING**

DESCRIPTION

**151-1.1** This item shall consist of clearing or clearing and
grubbing, including the disposal of materials, for all areas within the
limits designated on the plans or as required by the Engineer.

Clearing shall consist of the cutting and removal of all trees, stumps,
brush, logs, hedges, the removal of fences and other loose or projecting
material from the designated areas.  The grubbing of stumps and roots
will not be required.

Clearing, when so designated, shall consist of the cutting and removal
of isolated single trees or isolated groups of trees.  The cutting of
all the trees of this classification shall be in accordance with the
requirements for the particular area being cleared, or as shown on the
plans, or as directed by the Engineer.  The trees shall be considered
isolated when they are 40 feet (12 m) or more apart, with the exception
of a small clump of approximately five trees or less.

Clearing and grubbing shall consist of clearing the surface of the
ground of the designated areas of all trees, stumps, down timber, logs,
snags, brush, undergrowth, hedges, heavy growth of grass or weeds,
fences, structures, debris, and rubbish of any nature, natural
obstructions or such material which in the opinion of the Engineer is
unsuitable for the foundation of strips, pavements, or other required
structures, including the grubbing of stumps, roots, matted roots,
foundations, and the disposal from the project of all spoil materials
resulting from clearing and grubbing by burning or otherwise.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

**151-2.1**  **GENERAL.**  The areas denoted on the plans to be cleared
or cleared and grubbed shall be staked on the ground by the Engineer. 
The clearing and grubbing shall be done at a satisfactory distance in
advance of the grading operations.

All spoil materials removed by clearing or by clearing and grubbing
shall be disposed of by burning, when permitted by local laws, or by
removal to approved disposal areas.  When burning of material is
permitted, it shall be burned under the constant care of competent
watchmen so that the surrounding vegetation and other adjacent property
will not be jeopardized.  Burning shall be done in accordance with all
applicable laws, ordinances, and regulations.  Before starting any
burning operations, the Contractor shall notify the agency having
jurisdiction.

As far as practicable, waste concrete and masonry shall be placed on
slopes of embankments or channels.  When embankments are constructed of
such material, this material shall be placed in accordance with
requirements for formation of embankments.  Any broken concrete or
masonry that cannot be used in construction, and all other materials not
considered suitable for use elsewhere, shall be disposed of by the
Contractor.  In no case shall any discarded materials be left in
windrows or piles adjacent to or within the airport limits.  The manner
and location of disposal of materials shall be subject to the approval
of the Engineer and shall not create an unsightly or objectionable
view.  When the Contractor is required to locate a disposal area outside
the airport property limits at his/her own expense, he shall obtain and
file with the Engineer, permission in writing from the property owner
for the use of private property for this purpose.

If the plans or the specifications require the saving of merchantable
timber, the Contractor shall trim the limbs and tops from designated
trees, saw them into suitable lengths, and make the material available
for removal by other agencies.

Any blasting necessary shall be done at the Contractor\'s
responsibility, and the utmost care shall be taken not to endanger life
or property.

The removal of existing structure and utilities required to permit
orderly progress of work shall be accomplished by local agencies, unless
otherwise shown on the plans.  Whenever a telephone or telegraph pole,
pipeline, conduit, sewer, roadway, or other utility is encountered and
must be removed or relocated, the Contractor shall advise the Engineer
who will notify the proper local authority or owner and attempt to
secure prompt action.

**151-2.2 CLEARING.**  The Contractor shall clear the staked or
indicated area of all objectionable materials.  Trees unavoidably
falling outside the specified limits must be cut up, removed, and
disposed of in a satisfactory manner.  In order to minimize damage to
trees that are to be left standing, trees shall be felled toward the
center of area being cleared.  The Contractor shall preserve and protect
from injury all trees not to be removed.  The trees, stumps, and brush
shall be cut to a height of not more than 12 inches (300 mm) above the
ground.  The grubbing of stumps and roots will not be required.

When isolated trees are designated for clearing, the trees shall be
classed in accordance with the butt diameter size as measured at a point
18 inches (45 cm) above the ground level or at a designated height
specified in the proposal.

Fences shall be removed and disposed of when directed by the Engineer. 
Fence wire shall be neatly rolled and the wire and posts stored on the
airport if they are to be used again, or stored at a designated location
if the fence is to remain the property of a local owner or of a civic
authority.

**151-2.3 CLEARING AND GRUBBING.**  In areas designated to be cleared
and grubbed, all stumps, roots, buried logs, brush, grass, and other
unsatisfactory materials shall be removed, except where embankments
exceeding 3‑1/2 feet (105 cm) in depth are to be made outside of paved
areas.  In cases where such depth of embankments is to be made, all
unsatisfactory materials shall be removed, but sound trees, stumps, and
brush can be cut off within 6 inches (150 mm) above the ground and
allowed to remain.  Tap roots and other projections over 1‑1/2 inches
(37 mm) in diameter shall be grubbed out to a depth of at least 18
inches (45 cm) below the finished subgrade or slope elevation.

Any buildings and miscellaneous structures that are shown on the plans
to be removed shall be demolished or removed, and all materials there
from shall be disposed of either by burning or otherwise removed from
the site.  The remaining or existing foundations, wells, cesspools, and
all like structures shall be destroyed by breaking out or breaking down
the materials of which the foundations, wells, cesspools, etc., are
built to a depth at least 2 feet (60 cm) below the existing surrounding
ground.  Any broken concrete, blocks, or other objectionable material
that cannot be used in backfill shall be removed and disposed of.  The
holes or openings shall be backfilled with acceptable material and
properly compacted.

All holes remaining after the grubbing operation in embankment areas
shall have the sides broken down to flatten out the slopes, and shall be
filled with acceptable material, moistened and properly compacted in
layers to the density required in Item P‑152.  The same construction
procedure shall be applied to all holes remaining after grubbing in
excavation areas where the depth of holes exceeds the depth of the
proposed excavation.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

**151-3.1**  The quantities of clearing or clearing and grubbing as
shown by the limits on the plans or as ordered by the Engineer shall be
the number of acres (square meters) or fractions thereof, of land
specifically cleared or cleared and grubbed.

When isolated trees are designated for clearing, the quantities of
trees, as determined in accordance with ranges of butt diameter size,
measured at a point 18 inches (45 cm) above the ground level at the
tree, shall be paid for according to the schedule of sizes as follows:

The number of trees:

From 0 to 2‑1/2 feet (75 cm), butt diameter

From 2‑1/2 to 5 feet (75 to 150 cm), butt diameter

For 5 feet (150 cm) or more, butt diameter

BASIS OF PAYMENT

**151-4.1**  Payment shall be made at the contract unit price per acre
(square meter) for clearing.  This price shall be full compensation for
furnishing all materials and for all labor, equipment, tools, and
incidentals necessary to complete the item.

**151-4.2**  Payment shall be made at the contract unit price for
clearing isolated trees.  This price shall be full compensation for
furnishing all materials and for all labor, equipment, tools, and
incidentals necessary to complete the item.

**151-4.3**  Payment shall be made at the contract unit price per acre
(square meter) for clearing and grubbing.  This price shall be full
compensation for furnishing all materials and for all labor, equipment,
tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the item.

Payment will be made under:

Item P‑151‑4.1  Clearing---per acre (square meter)

Item P‑151‑4.2  Clearing for isolated trees:

From 0 to 2‑1/2 feet (75 cm) butt diameter, per tree

From 2‑1/2 to 5 feet (75 to 150 cm) butt diameter, per tree

For 5 feet (150 cm) or more butt diameter, per tree

Item P‑151‑4.3  Clearing and grubbing---per acre (square meter)

**END OF ITEM P-151**

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