![](media/image1.pct){width="2.0833333333333335in" height="1.25in"}

### *Volume 5, No. 1*

### *February, 2002*

***In This Issue***

-   **Science in Technology Seminars**

***J. Brooks, ANL, J. Minervini, MIT, Mark Tillack, UC San Diego, B.
Wirth, LLNL***

-   **ICRF Technology Development**

***D.A. Rasmussen, D.W. Swain, F.W. Baity, G.L.Bell,***

***T.S. Bigelow, R.H. Goulding, P.M. Ryan, J.S. Wilgen, ORNL***

-   **INEEL Safety and Tritium Applied Research (STAR) Facility
    Established as DOE National User Facility**

***D. Petti, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory***

-   Recent Activities on Fusion Dust Characterization

***P. Sharpe, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory***

***V. Rohde, IPP Garching, Germany, A. Sagara, NIFS, Japan.***

-   **APS/DPP Teachers\' Day and Plasma Expo, Long Beach, CA**

***D. Correll, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P. Stewart, UC
San Diego***

-   **Lab Notes**

-   **VLT Calendar of Events**

![](media/image1.pct){width="2.0833333333333335in" height="1.25in"}

**Science in Technology Seminars**

To highlight the scientific research done in the Department of Energy\'s
Enabling Technology Program, a seminar will be given in Washington, DC
on the morning of March 12, 2002. The seminar will be presented just
before the annual DOE Budget Planning Meeting at the Gaithersburg
Hilton. Four speakers will highlight recent accomplishments in four key
areas of research demonstrating continued progress to the vision of
fusion energy as well as state-of-the-art scientific research combining
theory, modeling and experimentation.

**Plasma/Material Interaction Modeling-Recent Results For Liquid Metal
Surfaces**

Jeffrey N. Brooks

Argonne National Laboratory

**Abstract**

Plasma/Material interactions are among the most critical issues for
fusion power development. US fusion personnel have developed
comprehensive models to predict edge-plasma flow to the surface,
hydrogen and helium interactions, sputtering, transient-plasma response
(vaporization, melting) and transport/redeposition of the emitted
material. I report on recent results for liquid metal divertors and
first wall.

**Biography**

Jeff Brooks (PhD. Electrical Engineering, NYU 1972) is a Senior
Scientist at ANL, and manages the ANL fusion power program. His
interests are in plasma/material interaction modeling, fusion reactor
design, and complex-process computer simulation.

**Electromagnetics, Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Modeling in
Superconducting Magnet Technology**

Joseph V. Minervini

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Plasma Science and Fusion Center

**Abstract**

Designing superconducting fusion magnets requires a fundamental
understanding of the unique electromagnetic and thermal properties of
superconducting materials. Design also requires knowledge of the complex
non-linear coupling of electromagnetic, thermal and fluid dynamic
behavior at temperatures near absolute zero. An overview of research
work on these problems is presented focusing on the development of
models to predict large-scale magnet performance in a realistic fusion
environment. Recent results from the CS Model Coil tests provide a
performance database for comparison with, and calibration of the
computer codes. Some comments on the overlap of fusion magnet science
with other magnet applications in high energy physics, transportation,
space and medicine are also included.

**Biography**

Joseph Minervini is Division Head for Fusion Technology and Engineering
in the MIT-PSFC and Senior Research Engineer in the Nuclear Engineering
Department. His research interests include applied superconductivity,
electromagnetics, cryogenic heat transfer, helium fluid dynamics and low
temperature measurements.

From 1990-1991, Dr. Minervini was Engineering Group Leader in the
Controlled Thermonuclear Research Division of Los Alamos National
Laboratory. During the years 1986-1989 he was on leave from MIT to the
NET Team at the Max-Planck-Institut for Plasmaphysik in Garching,
Germany. From 1981 through 1983 he was a National Research Council
Postdoctoral Research Associate at the former National Bureau of
Standards (now NIST) in Boulder, Colorado. Before that, he was employed
as a research engineer at the Magnetic Corp. of America.

He holds a B.S. Engineering degree from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
(1970), and the S.M. (1974) and Ph.D. (1981) degrees in Mechanical
Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

**Multiscale Modeling of Radiation Damage in Fusion ReactorMaterials**

Brian D. Wirth

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

**Abstract**

Ferritic steels and alloys represent a technologically important class
of materials that are proposed as candidate materials for plasma-facing
first wall structures in future fusion energy facilities. Predicting
their in-service performance requires a detailed understanding of the
mechanisms of defect accumulation and microstructure evolution in the
harsh radiation environments of future fusion reactors. The physical
processes involved in radiation damage are inherently multiscale,
spanning more than 15 orders of magnitude in length and 24 orders of
magnitude in time. In this talk, we describe multiscale modeling to
predict the evolution and aging of primary defects produced in
displacement cascades and the impact of the defect features on
mechanical properties and performance. The results illustrate the
mechanisms responsible for the formation of a high number density of 1
-- 50 nanometer defect cluster features which include i) \<100\>
dislocation loops observed following high dose irradiation, ii) rafts of
dislocation loops which decorate dislocation lines and iii) vacancy-He
clusters which serve as Helium bubble and void nuclei in fusion reactor
materials.

**Biography**

Brian Wirth is a staff scientist in the Computational Materials Science
Group within the Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate at Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory. His research interests involve developing
atomic level understanding of the effects of irradiation and aging on
materials and linking microstructure to mechanical properties. He
received a BS in nuclear engineering from the Georgia Institute of
Technology and a PhD in mechanical engineering from the University of
California, Santa Barbara, where he was a Department of Energy Nuclear
Engineering Graduate Fellow. He has received a number of awards,
including a Graduate Student Gold Medal award from the Materials
Research Society, and published more than 30 papers in the area of
radiation effects and computational materials science.

**IFE Chamber Physics**

Mark Tillack

University of California, San Diego

**Abstract**

A better understanding of chamber dynamic responses to high-yield target
explosions is needed in order to make progress toward an attractive IFE
power plant. In this presentation, emphasis will be given to the closely
related issues of wall protection and chamber clearing. Although
high-yield rep-rated facilities are desirable in order to demonstrate
the feasibility of IFE chambers, much can be learned through theory and
modeling coupled with carefully designed simulation experiments.

**Biography**

Dr. Tillack received a PhD in Nuclear Engineering from MIT in 1984. He
has worked on numerous aspects of fusion power plant technology,
including safety studies, liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics, power core
engineering, conceptual design studies and IFE chamber physics.
Currently, his principal research focus is laser-matter interactions.

**INEEL Safety and Tritium Applied Research (STAR) Facility Established
as DOE National User Facility**

![](media/image2.png){width="2.7in" height="2.027083333333333in"}On Nov.
8, 2001, DOE Secretary Spencer Abraham visited the Idaho National
Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). As part of his visit,
he declared the Safety and Tritium Applied Research (STAR) facility a
\"national user facility,\" opening the facility\'s resources to
increased scientific research from around the world. Secretary Abraham
stated: \"By designating STAR a national user facility, the department
is increasing access to this important research facility for scientists
and researchers across the world,\" Secretary Abraham said. \"INEEL has
a reputation of being an outstanding research facility in the area of
fusion safety and I am pleased to open this facility to new and
different research. Supporting fusion safety research is another example
of the way the INEEL applies technical expertise to support DOE\'s major
missions in science, energy and environment.\"

The STAR facility is located at the Test Reactor Area at INEEL west of
Idaho Falls.

The STAR facility is a multi-purpose research and development laboratory
capable of serving the needs of multiple customers for bench-scale and
engineering-scale experiments. STAR is an expansion of capability and
mission from the INEEL Fusion Safety Program's Tritium Research
Laboratory that began operations in 1987. The STAR facility currently
houses experiments that research issues relevant to safety and blanket
issues in fusion energy systems. Typical experiments in the STAR
facility entail the use of tritium, fluoride salts, beryllium metal and
beryllium compounds. The overall facility provides the capability and
flexibility to conduct research with hazardous and moderately
radioactive materials in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. The
tritium-handling component of the STAR facility has applications to a
wide range of projects including cleanup technologies, molten salt
research and tritium out-gassing measurements. In addition, the ability
to handle other radioactive materials enables a variety of research and
development tasks to support a number of different programs.

Most DOE Laboratories have one or more specialized facilities classified
as \"National User Facilities.\" This designation means arrangements
have been made for institutions or programs other than the ones
sponsoring or maintaining those facilities to come into the facility and
conduct experiments. This is an advantage for programs from outside the
Department of Energy. The National User Facility classification allows
other non-DOE programs to use the facility on a pay-per-use basis. **D.
Petti, INEEL**

**ICRF Heating and Current Drive Techniques in Progress on NSTX**

Progress in ICRF technology development is greatly enhanced by utilizing
science/technology partnerships. Recently, new heating and current drive
control techniques have been developed by ORNL/PPPL/GA on NSTX. A folded
waveguide antenna is now being tested by ORNL/UCLA on the Electric
Tokamak. A high power prototype of a next generation antenna is being
designed as part of a ORNL/PPPL/JET collaboration. The status of these
projects is described below.

The high-harmonic ion cyclotron wave system on NSTX has achieved
significant results this year. This project, a collaboration between
PPPL, ORNL, and GA, is designed to deliver up to 6 MW to the plasma for
heating and current drive. The antenna, figure 1., is a 12-current-strap
array driven by six transmitters. Phasing of transmitters can be
controlled individually, permitting the launch of different wave spectra
for heating or for co- or counter-current drive.

![](media/image3.pct){width="6.402083333333334in" height="4.8375in"}

**Results this year include:**

• Achievement of 6 MW into the plasma for short pulses.

• Routine operation at ≥ 3 MW.

• Heating of the electrons to nearly 4 keV (see figure below).

• Observation of H-mode caused by the application of rf alone

• Operation in H-mode in the presence of ELM's with reliable rf
operation

• Initiation of current-drive experiments, with phasing for current
drive (-π/2 inter-transmitter phasing), counter-current drive (+π/2
phasing), and symmetric heating with fast phase velocity (00ππ00
transmitter phasing) and slow phase velocity (0π0π0π phasing).

In figure 2.below, 3.5 MW of rf power is applied from 0.1 to 0.18 s. The
figure at left shows time behavior of RF power (orange), central
electron temperature (red), and plasma current (blue). The black curve
is the integral of the Thomson scattering density profile. The right
figure shows electron temperature profiles; the different-colored curves
correspond to the times indicated in the left figure by the colored dots
on the density trace.

![](media/image4.pct){width="6.495138888888889in" height="2.46875in"}

Plasma loading and wave spectrum calculations are being made with the
warm plasma slab code GLOSI and the 3D electromagnetic code RANT3D.
Differences between measured loading and our original predictions,
particularly with respect to the antenna-plasma gap, are primarily due
to the actual edge density profiles encountered in the experiment.
Recent improvements in both the ORNL microwave reflectometer equipment
and the profile analysis routines have provided better edge density data
for the codes. Current work is concentrating on understanding rf power
deposition, current drive efficiency, and asymmetrical power transfer in
the antenna structure.

**Folded waveguide ICRF loading experiments on ET**

A 57MHz folded waveguide (FWG) has been installed on the UCLA Electric
Tokamak (ET). The FWG can be rotated for operation as either a fast wave
or an Ion Bernstein wave launcher. Two sets of planar faceplates allow
for either a monopole launch spectrum or dipole (0-pi) phasing. The FWG
offers the potential to provide high power density with low electric
fields at the launch end as compared to

conventional loop antennas. The ET experiment provides an opportunity to
test this concept on a large plasma. Figure 3a shows the front end of
the antenna as mounted in the ET vessel.

![](media/image5.jpeg){width="3.213888888888889in"
height="2.4208333333333334in"}![](media/image6.jpeg){width="3.234027777777778in"
height="2.425in"}

The RF heating experiments on ET are intended to investigate current
profile control for high beta applications. ET currently operates with
several low frequency ICRF antennas. The FWG adds higher frequency
capability to ET. Initial, low field side coupling, tests have been
performed with the FWG mounted on the horizontal midplane. An initial
scan of the loading vs the plasma antenna indicates good loading. A 20kW
transmitter will be used to explore the operating space at modest power.
Loading comparisons will be made in both the fast wave and IBW
configuration with dipole and monopole faceplates and for various plasma
conditions. Plasma startup with the FWG was also demonstrated in the
initial set of experiments and is illustrated in figure 3b.

**Design of a JET-EP ICRF High Power Prototype Antenna**

Good progress has been made in the ORNL/PPPL/EFDA-JET collaboration to
build a prototype of the JET-EP ICRF antenna. A conceptual design of the
High Power Prototype (HPP) has been completed and will be reviewed in
October, but a full set of fabrication drawings has also been completed
for the purpose of finalizing a cost estimate. Figure 4 is an isometric
view of the ORNL/PPPL design. The purpose of the prototype is to test
many of the innovative features of the JET-EP ICRF launcher
configuration before the actual device is constructed. These features
include:

-   High power density ( 9 MW/m^2^), 8 MW total into an ELMy H-mode
    target plasma.

-   Internally matched using vacuum capacitors in a modified Resonant
    Double Loop configuration which minimizes the region in which high
    voltages and currents are present.

-   Poloidal current strap arrays featuring short elements, minimizing
    voltage near the plasma.

-   Wide range of operating frequencies (30 -- 55 MHz).

-   "ELM-resilent" matching circuit with internal impedance matching
    transformer. This limits excursions in input impedance during ELMs,
    substantially increasing power coupling capability into ELMy
    plasmas.

-   "Plug-in" matching capacitors which can be replaced in the event of
    failure without the need to access the antenna from inside the
    vacuum vessel.

![](media/image7.png){width="6.152777777777778in"
height="4.428472222222222in"}

The high power prototype consists of one quadrant of the actual antenna,
with two current straps in a vertical array. The actual antenna will
have two current straps in the toroidal direction and four current
straps in the poloidal direction. Prototype testing will include a
determination of voltage and current limits during high power operation,
determination of temperatures in the capacitors, which are not water
cooled at one end to allow the plug-in feature, and an examination of
whether multipactor breakdown is a problem in the large low impedance
matching transformer. The electrical behavior of the matching circuit in
the HPP geometry, which nearly duplicates the actual antenna geometry,
will also be examined. This project will also facilitate the further
development of a multi-physics finite-element analysis package, which
can handle thermal, mechanical, and electromagnetic calculations. During
the course of the design, the US participants have contributed several
design solutions, which are likely to be incorporated in the final
antenna.

**D.A. Rasmussen, D.W. Swain, F.W. Baity, G.L.Bell, T.S. Bigelow, R.H.
Goulding, P.M. Ryan, J.S. Wilgen, ORNL**

Recent Activities on Fusion Dust Characterization

The INEEL Fusion Safety Program recently visited Germany's Axial
Symmetric Divertor Experiment-Upgrade (ASDEX-U) tokamak and Japan's
Large Helical Device (LHD) to investigate the behavior of dust produced
while operating these fusion plasma experiments. Each machine presents
unique configurations for the generation and transport of dust, thereby
contributing valuable insight into dust's impact on the safety and
operational performance of future fusion reactors. Dust generated in
fusion reactors may be abundant, radioactive, chemically reactive,
and/or chemically toxic, thereby posing significant safety and
environmental hazards should the dust be mobilized in an accident. Even
for normal operation, a dirty, dusty device is undesirable. At each
opportunity, dust is collected from current fusion plasma experiments
and analyzed to determine physical, chemical, and possibly radiological
properties (e.g. dust from machines that use tritium). Identifying
locations of relatively large dust deposits within the device chamber is
also important because associated areas in larger reactor systems may
require periodic cleaning to minimize dust inventories. Dust collected
from ASDEX-U and LHD displayed some intriguing characteristics that are
useful in understanding the importance of dust in various fusion reactor
configurations.

Dust was collected for the first time in ASDEX-U in August 2000, during
an outage in which a new divertor system was installed in the chamber.
Since the old divertor structure was being removed, sampling positions
were available that had not previously been within reach in the other
tokamaks we have examined (DIII-D, Alcator C-Mod, TFTR, and Tore Supra).
Figure 1 shows some of the sampling locations and dust collected from
the lower chamber region following divertor removal. Even though very
many macroscopic particles were found (part (ii) of Figure 1), the
predominant particle size determined by count-based measurements from
all locations averaged 3.33 µm, a size of considerable importance for
safety analysis. The total mass collected in this campaign was 980 mg,
and nearly all the mass was found at the very bottom of the chamber.
Figure 2 gives

![](media/image8.pct){width="6.190277777777778in" height="1.38125in"}

\(i\) (ii) (iii)

![](media/image9.pct){width="3.247916666666667in"
height="2.4722222222222223in"}

the surface mass density (mass collected divided by the sampled surface
area) of the collected dust. Data points in parts (i), (ii), and (iii)
in Figure 2 are ordered from inboard to outboard positions; data points
in part (iv) are listed by increasing distance from the vessel port
along the sampled pumping duct. Specific surface area of the dust,
measured via the BET physisorption method, ranged between 0.70 m^2^/g
and 3.70 m^2^/g. The dust was composed mainly of carbon and constituents
of stainless steel, the materials used for PFC and structure of the
divertor. We are continuing to collaborate with our German colleagues to
study dust in ASDEX--U. Another round of dust collection occurred more
recently in August 2001, following plasma operation with the new
divertor configuration. Analysis of this material is currently underway.

A visit to Japan's LHD in March 2001 provided an opportunity to
investigate dust in a fusion experiment with an alternative plasma
configuration. The photographs of Figure 3 indicate the inner-vessel
configuration of LHD based on the stellarator concept with helical
windings, and show a demonstration of the dust sampling technique.

![](media/image10.pct){width="2.5493055555555557in"
height="1.9402777777777778in"}

Dust was collected in 3 different planes of rotation, typically at the
vacuum vessel wall, on top and behind the divertor plates, and from the
top of coil armor. The total amount of dust collected (16.5 mg) over
roughly equivalent areas is much less than amounts collected from
tokamaks- LHD is comparatively very clean. Figure 4 shows the surface
mass density and median particle diameters for the dust samples. Few
samples contained sufficient numbers of particles to give log-normal
distributions, as found in tokamaks. Part (i) of Figure 4 shows that
more dust accumulated behind structures at positions without plasma
exposure, even on vertical surfaces. Also, the median particle diameters
are larger than those of other devices, possibly indicating that
mechanisms generating the smaller particulate may not be present in LHD.
Dust composition was predominately carbon, and too little material was
collected to allow a reasonable measure of specific surface area. A
newer machine with a shorter operating history, LHD gives a good
opportunity to monitor the evolution of dust inventory in a non-tokamak
fusion plasma experiment. A more rigorous dust sampling campaign is
being planned with our colleagues in Japan.

**P.Sharpe, INEEL, V. Rohde-, IPP Garching, Akio Sagara, NIFS, Japan**

![](media/image12.pct){width="6.7659722222222225in"
height="2.8152777777777778in"}

**APS/DPP Teachers\' Day and Plasma Expo**

The American Physical Society/Division of Plasma Physics Teachers Day
2001 was held on Tuesday, October 30 at the DPP annual meeting in Long
Beach, CA. 75 teachers from grades 8-12 participated in an all-day
program consisting of an introductory lecture on plasma physics and
fusion, morning and an afternoon workshops presented by scientists from
Princeton, General Atomics, Los Alamos and other participating
institutions. Each workshop addressed various aspects of plasma science
and research and stressed applicability to California teaching standards
in content and presentation. Topis such as fluid instabilities, plasma
science and electromagnetic waves and NASA\'s dynamic sun were presented
and lunch with DPP scientists followed the workshops. The lunch with
scientists featured presentations by various educators and DOE
representatives along with the opportunity to talk with active research
physicists is very popular with the teachers. From 2:45 to 4:00 pm the
teachers were encouraged to attend the DPP meeting poster session on
Education and Outreach in which the participants (scientists and
students) reported on education/outreach projects and undergraduate
projects in plasma physics.

The 2001 Plasma Sciences Expo was held on Thursday and Friday, November
1-2 from 8:30 am to 2:30 pm with a total of over 2000 grade 8-12
students attending. The Expo featured demonstrations and exhibits from
many areas of plasma physics. The Expo focused on hands-on science
education, engaging students and teachers in activities such as making
lightning with a Van de Graaff generator, observing fluctuating body
temperatures on a special monitor, manipulating plasma with magnets,
watching anelectromagnetic wave demonstration and learn how to confine
plasmas magnetically in a fusion device by participating in a computer
simulation. The Expo was open to the general and members of the DPP
attending the annual meeting. The chairperson for this three day event
was Patricia Stewart from UC San Diego. Next year\'s event will be held
in Orlando, FL.

The three major education activities of the Division of Plasma Physics
(DPP) are Science Teachers Day (middle- and high-school), the Plasma
Expo (grades 8 through 12), and the Distinguished Lecturer Series
(college/university symposium level). DPP education activities have a
long history dating back to 1988 annual meeting of the DPP.

**D. Correll, LLNL, P. Stewart, UC San Diego**

![](media/image13.pct){width="4.166666666666667in"
height="2.7083333333333335in"}**APS/DPP Plasma Expo 2001, Long Beach,
CA**

![](media/image17.pct){width="3.0277777777777777in"
height="2.2708333333333335in"}

![](media/image1.pct){width="1.4583333333333333in" height="0.875in"}

**Comments on the 2001 US-Japan Workshop**

The 2001 *US-Japan Workshop on High Heat Flux Components and Plasma
Surface Interactions for Next Fusion Devices* took place on December
3-6, 2001 at the Asilomar Conference Center in Monterey, California.
This long-standing annual workshop is hosted in alternate years by the
US or Japan under the US-Japan Bilateral Agreement. In Japan, the title
is *The Japan-US Workshop on High Heat Flux Components and Plasma
Surface Interactions for Next Fusion Devices*. Recent workshops were
held in November 2000 in Osaka and in November 1999 in Santa Fe. In
these workshops, participants from Japan and the US and a few guests
from Europe and Russia typically meet for 3-4 days to discuss recent and
ongoing experimental work on high heat flux components and plasma
surface interactions.

This year a major theme in the workshop was plasma-facing technology for
burning and steady state plasmas. The 22 participants comprised 8 from
Japan, 2 from Germany and 12 from the US. The agenda included 35
technical presentations plus introductory comments on the Japanese and
US programs and brief reviews of the NATO Hydrogen Workshop, ICFRM and
the IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Divertors. The agenda is
currently posted on the VLT website and the presentations from the
workshop will be posted on this website in the future.

**R.E. Nygren, Sandia National Laboratories**

***Contributors to this issue may be reached via e-mail and***

***telephone for further information on their programs:***

***J. Brooks, ANL (630)252-4830 brooks@anl.gov***

***D. Correll, LLNL (925/422-6784) correll1@llnl.gov***

***J. Minervini, MIT (617) 253- 5503 Minervini@psfc.mit.edu***

***R. Nygren, SNL (505-845-3135) renygre@sandia.gov***

***D. Petti, INEEL (208)526-7735 PTI@inel.gov***

***D.Rasmussen, ORNL (865)574-1158) Rasmussenda@ornl.gov***

***P. Sharpe, INEEL 208)526-9830 SHARJP@inel.gov***

***P. Stewart, UC San Diego (858) 534-4969 <pats@vlt.ucsd.edu>***

***M. Tillack, UC San Diego (858) 534-7897 <tillack@fusion.ucsd.edu>***

***B. Wirth, LLNL (925) 424-9822 wirth4@lllnl.go***

***[VLT CALENDAR]{.underline}***

***February-November 2002***

+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **DATE**      | **MEETING**      | **LOCATION**  | **CONTACT**      |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
|               |                  |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **27-28 Feb   | FESAC Meeting    | Gaithersburg, | http://ww        |
| 2002**        |                  | MC            | wofe.er.doe.gov/ |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **27 Feb-1    | TF Conductor     | Efremov       | Office@sint      |
| March, 2002** | Insert Test      | Inst., St.    | ez.niiefa.spb.su |
|               | Results &        | Petersburg,   | or               |
|               | Analysis Mtg.    | Russia        | huguetm@itergps. |
|               |                  |               | naka.jaeri.go.jp |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **12-14 March | Budget Planning  | Wash, DC?     |                  |
| 2002**        | Mtg.             |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **??? (18-25) | US/Japan Wkshp   | San Diego     | najmabadi        |
| March 2002**  | on Power Plant   |               | @fusion.ucsd.edu |
|               | Studies &        |               |                  |
|               | Related          |               |                  |
|               | Technologies     |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **20 March    | Washington       | Washington,   | hay              |
| 2002**        | Fusion Day       | DC            | nes@ga.radix.net |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **3-6 April   | US Transport     | Annapolis, MD |                  |
| 2002**        | Task Force (TTF) |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **8-12 April  | 6^th^ Int'l      | Hyatt         | http:            |
| 2002**        | Symposium on     | Islandia      | /isfnt6.ucsd.edu |
|               | Fusion Nuclear   |               |                  |
|               | Technology       | San Diego, CA |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **9 April     | ExCo Mtg. for    | Hyatt         | Sam.berk         |
| 2002**        | IEA IA on Fusion | Islandia, San | @science.doe.gov |
|               | Mat'ls           | Diego, CA     |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **9 April     | ISFNT ISC        | Hyatt         | abdou@fus        |
| 2002**        | Meeting          | Islandia      | ion.ucla.edu,cba |
|               |                  |               | ker@vlt.ucsd.edu |
|               |                  | San Diego, CA |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **9-12 April  | IAEA Tech. Mtg.  | Kloster       | http://www.ip    |
| 2002**        | on Theory of     | Seeon,        | p.mpg.de/TMSEEON |
|               | Plasma           | Germany       |                  |
|               | Instabilities    |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **10 April    | ExCo Mtg. for    | Hyatt         | Sam.berk         |
| 2002**        | IEA IA on Fusion | Islandia, San | @science.doe.gov |
|               | Nucler Tech      | Diego, CA     |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **12 April    | ExCo Mtg. for    | Hyatt         | Sam.berk         |
| 2002**        | IEA IA on Fusion | Islandia, San | @science.doe.gov |
|               | Mat'ls/Neutron   | Diego, CA     |                  |
|               | Sources          |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **12-13 April | 5^th^ IEA Wkshp  | Hyatt         | Rh.jones@pnl.gov |
| 2002**        | on SiC/SiC       | Islandia      | or               |
|               | Composites       |               | bev              |
|               |                  | San Diego, CA | .wardlow@pnl.gov |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **15-16 April | Int'l Town Mtg   | San Diego     | Sze@             |
| 2002**        | on Advanced      |               | fusion.ucsd.edu; |
|               | Ferritic Steels  |               | rj.kurtz@pnl.gov |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **15-16 April | ALPS/ALIST Mtg   | Marriott      | abdou@           |
| 2002**        |                  | Hotel, Del    | fusion.ucla.edu; |
|               |                  | Mar (San      | mattas@anl.gov;  |
|               |                  | Diego), CA    | ma               |
|               |                  |               | ulric@sandia.gov |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **17-19 April | APEX             | Marriott      | abdou@           |
| 2002**        |                  | Hotel, Del    | fusion.ucla.edu; |
|               |                  | Mar (San      | mattas@anl.gov;  |
|               |                  | Diego), CA    | ma               |
|               |                  |               | ulric@sandia.gov |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **22-23 April | ARIES Meeting    | U.Wisc.       | lester.m.wa      |
| 2002**        |                  |               | ganer@boeing.com |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **22-24 April | 2002 Sherwood    | Rochester, NY |                  |
| 2002**        | Fusion Theory    |               |                  |
|               | Meeting          |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **23 April    | Snowmass         | Art Gallery - | betti@l          |
| 2002**        | Technical        | Main          | le.rochester.edu |
|               | Assessment       | Auditorium    |                  |
|               | Meeting          |               |                  |
|               |                  | Rochester, NY |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **9-13 June   | ANS 2002 Annual  | Hollywood, FL | http             |
| 2002**        | Mtg. & Int'l     |               | ://www.ans.org/m |
|               | Congress on      |               | eetings/text.cgi |
|               | Advanced Nuclear |               |                  |
|               | Power Plants     |               | **and**          |
|               | (ICAPP)          |               |                  |
|               |                  |               | http://w         |
|               |                  |               | ww.ans.org/icapp |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **17-19 June  | IAEA Tech Mtg.   | General       | http://          |
| 2002**        | on Physics &     | Atomics       | web.gat.com/conf |
|               | Technology of    |               | erences/iaea-tm/ |
|               | IFE Targets &    | San Diego     | **or**           |
|               | Chambers         |               |                  |
|               |                  |               | da               |
|               |                  |               | n.goodin@gat.com |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **8-11 July   | 14^th^ Topical   | Madison, WI   | ht               |
| 2002**        | Conf. High       |               | tp://plasma.ep.w |
|               | Temperature      |               | isc.edu/htpd2002 |
|               | Diagnostics      |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **8-19 July   | Snowmass Fusion  | Snowmass,     | navra            |
| 2002**        | Summer Study     | Colorado      | til@columbia.edu |
|               | 2002             |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **4-9 August  | Applied          | George R.     | www.ascine.org   |
| 2002**        | S                | Brown Conv.   |                  |
|               | uperconductivity | Center,       | **and/or**       |
|               | Conference       |               |                  |
|               |                  | Houston, TX   | asc@centennia    |
|               |                  |               | lconferences.com |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **9-13 Sept   | SOFT             | Helsinki,     |                  |
| 2002**        |                  | Finland       |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **22-24 Sept  | 4^th^ Int'l      | Cachan        | ht               |
| 2002**        | Conf. Mat'ls     | (Paris),      | tp://www.lmt.ens |
|               | Processing       | France        | -cachan.fr/mdp4/ |
|               | Defects          |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **14-19 Oct   | IAEA Fusion      | Lyon, France  |                  |
| 2002**        | Energy           |               |                  |
|               | Conference       |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **Nov 2002**  | Winter ANS       | Washington,   |                  |
|               | Meeting          | DC            |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **11-15 Nov   | APS Div. of      |               |                  |
| 2002**        | Plasma Physics   |               |                  |
|               | Meeting          |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
| **17-21 Nov   | 15^th^ ANS       | Washington,   | sneadll@ornl.gov |
| 2002**        | Topical Mtg on   | DC            |                  |
|               | Tech of Fusion   |               |                  |
|               | Energy (TOFE)    |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+
|               |                  |               |                  |
+---------------+------------------+---------------+------------------+

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