+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # DIVISION 600                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| **INCIDENTAL CONSTRUCTION**                                           |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

## Section 601. --- MINOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Description

**601.01** This work consists of constructing minor concrete structures.

Material

**601.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Air-entraining admixtures 711.02

Chemical admixtures 711.03

Coarse aggregate 703.02

Concrete coloring agents 711.05

Curing material 711.01

Fine aggregate 703.01

Fly ash 725.04

Hydraulic cement 701.01

Joint fillers 712.01

Precast concrete curbing 725.06

Precast concrete units 725.11

Reinforcing steel 709.01

Structural steel 717.01

Water 725.01

**601.03 Concrete Composition.** Conform to Table 601-1. Before batching
concrete, submit the proposed concrete proportions for approval on Form
FHWA 1606 *Minor Concrete Mix Design Trial Batch Summary* or other
approved form. As a minimum, submit the following:

**(a)** Type and source(s) of all material proposed for use.

**(b)** Material certification for all material proposed for use.

**(c)** Saturated surface dry mass of the fine and coarse aggregate per
cubic meter of concrete.

**(d)** Gradation of fine and coarse aggregate.

**(e)** Mass of mixing water per cubic meter of concrete.

**(f)** Mass of cement per cubic meter of concrete. Fly ash, ground iron
blast-furnace slag, or silica fume may be substituted for cement
according to Subsection 552.03(g).

**(g)** Entrained air content of plastic concrete in percent by volume.

**(h)** Maximum slump of plastic concrete in millimeters.

**(i)** When colored concrete is required, submit preliminary samples of
the colored concrete. Prepare a 1-meter by 1-meter by 100-millimeter
panel for each acceptable mix that is to be colored. Finish and cure the
panels in the same manner as the concrete will be finished and cured on
the project.

Table 601-1

Composition of Minor Structure Concrete

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Property**                        **Specification**

  Cement content                      362 kg/m^3^ minimum

  Water/cement ratio                  0.49 maximum

  Slump                               125 mm maximum

  Air content                         4 % minimum

  Size of coarse aggregate            AASHTO M 43 with 100% passing the
                                      37.5-mm sieve

  28-day compressive strength         25 MPa minimum
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

Construction Requirements

**601.04 General.** Excavate and backfill according to Section 209. When
concrete is cracked, spalling, or scaling, remove concrete to the
nearest joint.

Design and construct forms that are free of bulge and warp and allow for
removal without injuring the concrete. When concrete contains a
retarding admixture, fly ash, or other pozzolan replacement for cement,
design the forms for a lateral pressure equal to that exerted by a fluid
weighing 2400 kilograms per cubic meter.

Use wood, metal, or other suitable material for forms. Keep forms clean
and coat with a form release agent or form oil before placing concrete.

Place and fasten reinforcing steel according to Subsection 554.08.

**601.05 Placing Concrete.** Conform to Subsection 552.10. Moisten the
forms and foundation immediately before placing concrete. Discharge
concrete within the time limit shown in Table 552-4.

Place concrete to avoid segregation of material. Consolidate with
vibrators according to Subsection 552.11(d). Do not use aluminum pipe
for transporting or placing concrete. The intervals between deliveries
of batches for a single pour on a structure shall not exceed 30 minutes.

Do not apply water to plastic concrete surfaces during finishing
operations.

**601.06 Curing Concrete.** Cure concrete a minimum of 7 days. If high
early strength cement is used, cure concrete a minimum of 3 days. Cure
according to Subsection 552.15. Finish exposed concrete surfaces
according to Subsection 552.16(a) or (b), as applicable.

**601.07 Acceptance.** See Table 601-2 for sampling and testing
requirements.

Material for minor concrete structures including reinforcing steel, and
structural steel for minor structures will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

The concrete mixture\'s slump, air content, compressive strength, unit
mass, and temperature will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.04.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Construction of minor concrete structures will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

**601.08** Measure the Section 601 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure concrete by the cubic meter in the structure.

Payment

**601.09** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 601 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

The concrete lump sum item will be prorated based on the progress of the
work under this Section.

+----------+----------+-----------+---------+-----+-----+-----------+
| Table    | **R      | Upon      | "       | "   | "   | "         |
| 601-2    | eporting | c         |         |     |     |           |
|          | Time**   | ompleting |         |     |     |           |
| Sampling |          |           |         |     |     |           |
| and      |          | tests     |         |     |     |           |
| Testing  |          |           |         |     |     |           |
| Requ     |          |           |         |     |     |           |
| irements |          |           |         |     |     |           |
+----------+----------+-----------+---------+-----+-----+-----------+
|          | *        | ---       | ---     | --- | --- | ---       |
|          | *Split** |           |         |     |     |           |
|          |          |           |         |     |     |           |
|          | **       |           |         |     |     |           |
|          | Sample** |           |         |     |     |           |
+----------+----------+-----------+---------+-----+-----+-----------+
|          | **Point  | Point of  | "       | "   | "   | Discharge |
|          | of       |           |         |     |     | stream at |
|          | Sa       | discharge |         |     |     | point of  |
|          | mpling** |           |         |     |     |           |
|          |          |           |         |     |     | placing   |
+----------+----------+-----------+---------+-----+-----+-----------+
|          | **Sa     | 1 set per | "       | "   | "   | "         |
|          | mpling** | 25 m^3^   |         |     |     |           |
|          |          | but not   |         |     |     |           |
|          | **Fre    | less than |         |     |     |           |
|          | quency** | 1 per day |         |     |     |           |
+----------+----------+-----------+---------+-----+-----+-----------+
|          | **Test   | AASHTO T  | AASHTO  | AAS | Fi  | AASHTO T  |
|          | Methods  | 121       | T 152   | HTO | eld | 23        |
|          | Specific |           | or      | T   | me  |           |
|          | ations** |           |         | 119 | asu | & T 22    |
|          |          |           | T 196   |     | red |           |
+----------+----------+-----------+---------+-----+-----+-----------+
|          | **Ca     | ---       | ---     | --- | --- | ---       |
|          | tegory** |           |         |     |     |           |
+----------+----------+-----------+---------+-----+-----+-----------+
|          | **       | Unit mass | Air     | Sl  | Te  | Co        |
|          | Characte |           | content | ump | mpe | mpressive |
|          | ristic** |           |         |     | rat | strength  |
|          |          |           |         |     | ure |           |
+----------+----------+-----------+---------+-----+-----+-----------+
|          | **Type   | Measured  |         |     |     |           |
|          | of       | and       |         |     |     |           |
|          | Ac       | tested    |         |     |     |           |
|          | ceptance |           |         |     |     |           |
|          | (Subse   | for       |         |     |     |           |
|          | ction)** | co        |         |     |     |           |
|          |          | nformance |         |     |     |           |
|          |          | (106.04)  |         |     |     |           |
+----------+----------+-----------+---------+-----+-----+-----------+
|          | **       | Concrete  |         |     |     |           |
|          | Material |           |         |     |     |           |
|          | or       |           |         |     |     |           |
|          | P        |           |         |     |     |           |
|          | roduct** |           |         |     |     |           |
+----------+----------+-----------+---------+-----+-----+-----------+

## Section 602. --- CULVERTS AND DRAINS

Description

**602.01** This work consists of constructing culverts, drains, and
precast concrete box culverts.

Material

**602.02** Conform to the following Section and Subsections:

Aluminum-alloy corrugated pipe 707.03

Aluminum-alloy spiral rib pipe 707.12

Asphalt-coated pipe 707.04

Asphalt mastic 702.07

Concrete-lined corrugated steel pipe 707.13

Fiber-bonded asphalt coated steel pipe 707.09

Invert-paved corrugated steel pipe 707.14

Joint fillers, sealants, and preformed joint seals 712.01

Joint mortar 712.02

Metallic-coated corrugated steel pipe 707.02

Metallic-coated spiral rib pipe 707.11

Non‑reinforced concrete pipe 706.01

Plastic pipe 706.08

Polymer-coated steel pipe 707.08

Precast reinforced concrete box sections 706.07

Reinforced arch-shaped concrete pipe 706.04

Reinforced concrete pipe 706.02

Reinforced D‑load concrete pipe 706.06

Reinforced elliptically-shaped concrete pipe 706.05

Slotted drain pipe 707.10

Lean concrete backfill 614

Watertight gaskets 712.03

Construction Requirements

**602.03 General.** Furnish culvert pipe with a wall thickness not less
than that shown on the plans or determined from the fill-height tables
included in the plans. Use the same material and coating on all
contiguous pipe sections and special sections such as elbows and branch
connections. For culvert extensions, furnish the same material as the
existing culvert.

The plans show the size, approximate location, and length of culverts.
Determine final location, skew, length, elevations, and grade according
to Subsection 152.03(g). Do not order culvert material until the CO has
accepted the final structure size, length, and alignment.

Excavate and backfill according to Section 209.

**602.04 Laying Concrete Pipe and Precast Concrete Box Culverts.** Start
at the lower end and lay the bell or groove end upgrade. Fully join all
sections. Place circular pipe with elliptical reinforcement with the
minor axis of the reinforcement in a vertical position. Construct the
joints by one of the following methods:

**(a) Mortared joints.** Clean the lower portion of the receiving end of
the pipe. Plaster the inside with sufficient joint mortar to bring the
inner surfaces of the abutting pipe sections flush and even. Fit the
sections as close as the construction of the culvert permits. Fill and
seal joints with mortar inside and out. Clean excess mortar from the
inside of the joint.

Cure mortar outside of joints by covering with polyethylene sheeting or
spraying with a curing compound. Backfill while mortar is plastic or, if
mortar sets before backfilling, wait at least 24 hours before
backfilling.

**(b) Gasket joints.** Protect the joint ends from mud, silt, gravel, or
other unwanted material. Lay the pipe sections with gaskets attached.
Remove, clean, relubricate, and reseat gaskets disturbed or
contaminated.

Align the pipe sections. Force the joints home using the pipe
manufacturer's recommended procedure. Do not drive or ram by hand or
machinery. Block the last section of each day\'s run to prevent creep.

**602.05 Laying Metal Pipe.** Lay pipe with outside laps of
circumferential joints upgrade and longitudinal laps positioned other
than in the invert. Place elongated pipes with major axis within 5
degrees of vertical.

Join pipe sections together with soil tight bell and spigot joints or
coupling bands according to AASHTO M 36 or M 196. Limit the use of bell
and spigot joints to slopes of 10 percent or less. Limit the use of
coupling bands with projections (dimples) to attaching prefabricated
flared end sections.

When aluminum alloys come in contact with other metals, coat the
contacting surfaces with asphalt mastic or a preapproved impregnated
caulking compound.

**602.06 Laying Plastic Pipe.** Lay plastic pipe according to the pipe
manufacturer\'s recommendation.

Provide soil-tight and spigot joints for plastic pipe culverts.

If plastic end sections are used, reinforce and stiffen them such that
inward buckling during construction is less than 10 millimeters with a
500 newtons of force.

**602.07 Laying Slotted Drain Pipe.** Join the sections together with
coupling bands. Cover the slots with roofing paper or other approved
covering during backfilling and paving to keep material out of the pipe.
Backfill with a lean concrete backfill.

**602.08 Acceptance.** Material for culverts, drains, and precast
concrete box culverts furnished will be evaluated under Subsections
106.02 and 106.03.

Installation of culverts, drains and precast concrete box culverts will
be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Measurement

**602.09** Measure the Section 602 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure pipe and box culverts by the meter along the invert.

Measure end sections, elbows, and branch connections by the each. If
there is no pay item for elbows or branch connections, measure them as
additional pipe length along the invert.

Payment

**602.10** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 602 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 603. --- STRUCTURAL PLATE STRUCTURES

Description

**603.01** This work consists of constructing structural plate pipes,
arches, pipe arches, boxes, and underpasses.

Material

**603.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Aluminum-alloy structural plate structures 707.06

Asphalt-coated structural plate structures 707.07

Steel structural plate structures 707.05

Construction Requirements

**603.03 General.** Excavate and backfill according to Section 209.

**603.04 Erecting.** Furnish steel, aluminum alloy, asphalt coated
steel, or asphalt-coated aluminum alloy structural plate structures.

Provide a copy of manufacturer\'s assembly instructions before assembly.
The instructions shall show the position of each plate and assembly
order.

Assemble the structural plates according to the manufacturer\'s
instructions. Exercise care in the use of drift pins and pry bars to
prevent damage to the structural plate and its coating. The plates shall
have a proper fit-up.

Where aluminum alloys come in contact with other types of metal, coat
the contacting surfaces according to Subsection 602.05.

Torque steel bolts on steel plates to a minimum of 135 newton meters and
a maximum of 400 newton meters.

Torque steel bolts and aluminum bolts on 2.5-millimeter thick aluminum
plates to a minimum of 120 newton meters and a maximum of 155 newton
meters.

Torque steel bolts and aluminum bolts on 3-millimeter thick and heavier
aluminum plates to a minimum of 155 newton meters and a maximum of 180
newton meters.

For long-span structures:

**(a)** Tighten the longitudinal seams when the plates are assembled
unless the plates are held in shape by cables, struts, or backfill.
Properly align plates circumferentially to avoid permanent distortion
from the design shape. Before backfilling, do not exceed 2 percent
variation from the design shape.

**(b)** Do not distort the shape of the structure by operating equipment
over or near it.

**(c)** Provide suitable survey control on the structure to check
structure movement.

**(d)** Check and control the deflection movements of the structure
during the entire backfilling operation. Do not exceed the
manufacturer\'s recommended limits.

**(e)** Provide a manufacturer\'s representative to monitor the erecting
and backfilling of the structure.

**603.05 Acceptance.** Material for structural plate structures will be
evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Installation of structural plate structures will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Measurement

**603.06** Measure the Section 603 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

**603.07** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 603 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 604. --- MANHOLES, INLETS, AND CATCH BASINS

Description

**604.01** This work consists of constructing or adjusting manholes,
inlets, catch basins, junction boxes, and spring boxes.

Material

**604.02** Conform to the following Section and Subsections:

Concrete 601

Concrete brick 725.08

Concrete masonry blocks 725.09

Corrugated metal units 725.13

Frames, grates, covers, and ladder rungs 725.12

Grout 725.22

Joint fillers, sealants, and preformed joint seals 712.01

Joint mortar 712.02

Precast concrete units 725.11(a)

Reinforcing steel 709.01

Watertight gaskets 712.03

Construction Requirements

**604.03 General.** Excavate and backfill according to Section 209.

**604.04 Concrete Construction.** Construct concrete manholes, inlets,
and catch basins according to Section 601. Concrete units may be
cast-in-place or precast. Finish the surface according to Subsection
552.16(a) or (b) as applicable.

Where a pipe enters through an existing concrete wall, cut the concrete
and steel reinforcement in a manner that does not loosen the
reinforcement in the wall. Cut the steel reinforcement flush with the
opening wall face. Grout all joints and openings cut in the wall.

Finish the channel flow line in manholes, inlets, and catch basins
accurately to match the pipe flow line.

Assemble precast concrete manhole sections with flexible watertight
gaskets or mastic joint fillers in the tongue and groove joints. If
gaskets are used, handle the precast units carefully after the gasket
has been attached to avoid damaging the gasket or contaminating the
joint. Attain the proper alignment before the joints are forced home.
Maintain partial support during the insertion of the tongue or spigot to
minimize the unequal lateral pressure on the gasket and to maintain
concentricity until the gasket is properly positioned. If mastic is
used, apply mastic joint filler according to the manufacturer\'s
recommendations.

Set metal frames in a full joint mortar bed.

Grout or use a preformed joint seal to make all joints and openings
watertight. Finish mortar joints with a bead on the outside and a smooth
finish on the inside.

Space ladder rungs uniformly on 300-millimeter centers and align
vertically. Grout ladder rungs into precast concrete walls.

**604.05 Masonry Block Construction.** Construct concrete footings
according to Section 601. Construct block masonry plumb. Stagger
vertical joints and set block with the cells vertical. Dampen block to
reduce the rate of absorption. Butter bearing members and vertical
joints full of mortar. Bond block with mortar on all sides. Construct
joints straight, level, plumb, flush, and 6 to 13 millimeters thick.
Backfill the structure after the masonry block has cured according to
Subsection 552.15 for 7 days.

**604.06 Metal Construction.** Fabricate metal drop inlets from the same
material as adjoining metal pipes.

**604.07 Grade Adjustment of Existing Structures.** Adjust metal frames
and grates to grade before placing the surface course.

Remove and clean the frames, covers, and grates. Trim the walls down to
solid material. Reconstruct the walls with the same material as existing
and reset the cleaned frames at the required elevation.

When the existing casting and supporting walls are in good condition, an
approved device may be used to adjust the manhole casting cover to the
correct grade without reconstructing the walls or resetting the frame.

When catch basins and inlets are adjusted to grade and abut existing
concrete construction, separate the castings from the adjacent concrete
with a preformed expansion joint no less than 12 millimeters thick.

Clean each structure of all accumulated silt, debris, or foreign matter.

When an existing structure is abandoned, seal all pipes entering the
structure with a tight fitting plug of concrete not less than 150
millimeters thick or water tight masonry not less than 200 millimeters
thick. Fracture the base of concrete structure to prevent entrapment of
water. Obliterate the top of the structure to an elevation at least 1
meter below finished grade and backfill according to Section 209.

**604.08 Acceptance.** Precast concrete units (including manholes,
inlets, catch basins, junction boxes, and spring boxes) furnished will
be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Material (except concrete) for cast-in-place concrete units (including
manholes, inlets, catch basins, junction boxes, and spring boxes) will
be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03. Construction of
cast‑in‑place concrete units will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02
and 106.04.

Concrete for cast-in-place units will be evaluated under Section 601.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Installation and adjustment of concrete units (including manholes,
inlets, catch basins, junction boxes, and spring boxes) will be
evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

**604.09** Measure the Section 604 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure manholes from finished grade to the flow line surface of the
manhole.

Measure metal frames and grates and removing and resetting metal frames
and grates unless included as part of the original inlet, manhole, or
catch basin construction.

Payment

**604.10** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 604 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 605. --- UNDERDRAINS, SHEET DRAINS, AND PAVEMENT EDGE DRAINS

Description

**605.01** This work consists of furnishing and installing underdrains,
sheet drains, and pavement edge drains.

Material

**605.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Aluminum-alloy corrugated pipe 707.03

Asphalt-coated pipe 707.04

Geocomposite drains 714.02

Geotextile type I 714.01

Granular backfill 703.03

Metallic coated corrugated steel pipe 707.02

Perforated concrete pipe 706.03

Plastic pipe 706.08

Sand 703.15

Structural backfill 704.04

Construction Requirements

**605.03 General.** Use the same material and coating on all contiguous
drain sections, extensions, elbows, branch connections, and other
special sections.

Drain material, size, and approximate location are shown on the plans.
Determine the final location and length in the field.

Do not install drain material until the CO has accepted the final
location and length.

Excavate and backfill according to Section 209.

If geotextile or geocomposite is used, smooth the trench surfaces by
removing all projections that may damage the geotextile or geocomposite.
Replace geotextile or geocomposite damaged during installation. Make
repairs to geocomposites according to the manufacturer\'s
recommendations.

Do not permit soil or other foreign material to enter the drain systems.
Plug the upgrade end of installations.

Furnish nonperforated pipe for outlet pipe. Install outlet pipe
according to Section 602. Immediately place and secure a screen made of
1.4-millimeter diameter galvanized wire having approximately 13 by
13-millimeter mesh openings over the outlet ends of all exposed pipes
and weep holes.

**605.04 Placing Underdrain.** Join pipe sections securely with coupling
fittings or bands. Join polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) pipe using either a flexible
elastomeric seal or solvent cement. Join polyethylene pipe with snap-on,
screw-on, or wrap around coupling bands as recommended by the
manufacturer.

Backfill and compact all trenches within the limits of the roadbed
according to Section 209 except use granular backfill material. Trenches
for geocomposite underdrains within the limits of the roadbed may also
be backfilled with clean sand and compacted.

When underdrain is placed in ditch lines, prevent infiltration of
surface water by placing material conforming to AASHTO M 145, A‑4, A‑5,
A-6, or A-7 in the top 300 millimeters of the trench.

**(a) Standard underdrain.** When geotextile is required, place the long
dimension of the geotextile parallel to the centerline of the trench.
Position the geotextile, without stretching, in contact with the trench
surface. Overlap the joints a minimum of 600 millimeters with the
upstream geotextile placed over the downstream geotextile.

Place collector pipe with the perforations facing downward.

Place granular backfill to a height of 300 millimeters above the top of
the collector pipe and compact. Do not displace the collector pipe.
Place and compact the remainder of the granular backfill material
according to Section 209.

Fold the geotextile over the top of the granular backfill with a minimum
overlap of 300 millimeters.

**(b) Geocomposite underdrain.** Extend the geotextile from the bottom
of the drainage core around the collector pipe.

Construct splices and install outlet fittings according to the
manufacturer\'s recommendations. Prevent infiltration of soil into the
geocomposite core.

Place the assembled geocomposite in the trench with the face of the
geocomposite against the inflow side of the trench. If the trench wall
is irregular, smooth the trench wall or place a layer of granular
backfill between the geocomposite and the trench wall. Temporarily
support the drain against the trench wall while backfilling.

When the trench is less than 0.5 meter wide, backfill the trench using
clean sand. Backfilling and compacting in layers is not required.
Compact the sand by vibrating, tamping with a mechanical tamper, or
flooding with water.

When the trench is 0.5 meter wide or more, place granular backfill or
clean sand to a height of 300 millimeters above the top of the collector
pipe and compact. Place and compact the remainder of the granular
backfill material or clean sand according to Section 209.

**605.05 Placing Geocomposite Sheet Drain.** Do not place sheet drain
against a mortar course less than 4 days old.

When a geocomposite is used in conjunction with a waterproof membrane,
install drainage panels compatible with the membrane using methods
recommended by the membrane manufacturer. Assemble and place the
geocomposite drain against the surface to be backfilled according to the
manufacturer\'s recommendations.

Splice geocomposite drains so the flow across the edges is continuous.
Overlap the geotextile a minimum of 75 millimeters in the direction of
water flow. For vertical splices, overlap the geotextile in the
direction backfill proceeds.

Connect the drainage core to the collector pipe or weep holes so the
flow is continuous through the system. Extend the geotextile from the
bottom of the drainage core around the collector pipe.

Backfill with structural backfill and compact according to Subsections
208.10 and 208.11.

**605.06 Placing Geocomposite Pavement Edge Drain.** Assemble the
geocomposite pavement edge drain and outlet material according to the
manufacturer\'s recommendations and place it in the trench. If the
trench wall is irregular, smooth the trench wall or place a layer of
clean sand between the geocomposite and the trench wall. Temporarily
support the drain against the trench wall while backfilling.

When the trench is less than 0.5 meter wide, backfill the trench using
clean sand. Backfilling and compacting in layers is not required.
Compact the sand by vibrating, tamping with a mechanical tamper, or
flooding with water.

When the trench is 0.5 meter wide or more, place and compact granular
backfill or clean sand according to Section 209.

**605.07 Acceptance.** See Table 605-1 for sampling and testing
requirements.

Material (except granular backfill) for underdrains, sheet drains, and
edge drains will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Granular backfill will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Sections 208 and 209.

Geotextile will be evaluated under Section 207.

Outlet pipes will be evaluated under Section 602.

Installation of underdrains, sheet drains, and edge drains will be
evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

**605.08** Measure the Section 605 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

When measurement is for a system, do not measure geotextiles, collector
pipes, backfill, and outlet pipes that are part of the system.

Measure granular backfill and sand by the cubic meter in place.

Payment

**605.09** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 605 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

+------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
| Table 605-1      | **Reporting Time**       | 4 hours               |
|                  |                          |                       |
| Sampling and     |                          |                       |
| Testing          |                          |                       |
| Requirements     |                          |                       |
+------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
|                  | **Split**                | Yes                   |
|                  |                          |                       |
|                  | **Sample**               |                       |
+------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
|                  | **Point of Sampling**    | Production output or  |
|                  |                          | stockpile             |
+------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
|                  | **Sampling**             | 1 per 500 m^3^        |
|                  |                          |                       |
|                  | **Frequency**            |                       |
+------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
|                  | **Test Methods           | AASHTO T 27           |
|                  | Specifications**         |                       |
|                  |                          | & T 11                |
+------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
|                  | **Category**             | ---                   |
+------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
|                  | **Characteristic**       | Gradation             |
+------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
|                  | **Type of Acceptance     | Measured and tested   |
|                  | (Subsection)**           |                       |
|                  |                          | for conformance       |
|                  |                          | (106.04)              |
+------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
|                  | **Material or Product**  | Granular backfill     |
+------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+

## Section 606. --- CORRUGATED METAL SPILLWAYS

Description

**606.01** This work consists of furnishing and installing corrugated
metal spillways.

Material

**606.02** Conform to the following Section:

Culverts and drains 602

Construction Requirements

**606.03 Placing Corrugated Metal Spillways.** Spillway, inlet, outlet,
and connector dimensions and proportions may vary to permit the use of
manufacturer\'s standard jigs and templates.

Install spillway inlet assemblies as shown on the plans and consolidate
the earth backfill by tamping.

Lay spillway outlet pipe according to Section 602. Anchor the spillway
as shown on the plans.

**606.04 Acceptance.** Pipes, anchor assemblies, hardware, and other
material furnished to fabricate metal spillways will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Construction of spillways will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.04.

Measurement

**606.05** Measure the Section 606 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure downdrain and outlet pipes under Section 602.

Payment

**606.06** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 606 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 607. --- CLEANING, RECONDITIONING, AND REPAIRING EXISTING DRAINAGE STRUCTURES

Description

**607.01** This work consists of cleaning, reconditioning, and repairing
existing culverts and appurtenant structures.

Construction Requirements

**607.02 General.** Dispose of material according to Subsection 203.05.

**607.03 Removing and Cleaning Culverts.** Carefully remove the culvert
and clean all foreign material from within the barrel and at the jointed
ends.

**607.04 Cleaning Culverts in Place.** Remove and dispose of all foreign
material within the barrel and appurtenances of the culvert by any
method that does not damage the culvert.

All or part of a culvert designated to be cleaned in place may be
removed, cleaned, and relayed according to Section 602.

**607.05 Relaying or Stockpiling Salvaged Pipe.** Relay removed and
cleaned pipe according to Section 602. Furnish all jointing material and
replace damaged pipe according to Section 602.

Place salvaged pipe at a designated stockpile location. Dispose of pipe
that is damaged.

**607.06 Reconditioning Drainage Structures.** Remove all debris from
structures designated to be reconditioned. Repair all leaks and
structural damage and replace missing or broken metalwork according to
Section 602.

**607.07 Acceptance.** Cleaning, reconditioning, and repairing existing
drainage structures will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02.

Relaying culverts will be evaluated under Section 602.

Measurement

**607.08** Measure the Section 607 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure removing, cleaning, and stockpiling culvert in the stockpile.

Payment

**607.09** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 607 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 608. --- PAVED WATERWAYS

Description

**608.01** This work consists of constructing paved ditches, gutters,
spillways, and similar waterways not contiguous to the traveled way.

Paved waterways are designated as follows:

Type 1 --- Grouted rubble

Type 2 --- Mortared rubble

Type 3 --- Concrete and rubble

Type 4 --- Concrete

Type 5 --- Asphalt

Type 6 --- Placed riprap

Material

**608.02** Conform to the following Sections and Subsections:

Asphalt mixtures 404

Bed course 704.09

Concrete 601

Granular backfill 703.03(b)

Grout 725.22(e)

Mortar 712.05

Reinforcing steel 709.01

Riprap rock 705.02

Rubble 620

Construction Requirements

**608.03 General.** Excavate and backfill according to Section 209.
Place and compact bed course material. Compact the bed course with at
least three passes of a lightweight mechanical tamper, roller, or
vibratory system. Form the bed parallel to the finished surface of the
waterway.

**608.04 Grouted Rubble Paved Waterway (Type 1).** Embed pavement stones
on the bed in a broken pattern with no continuous joint across the
waterway or parallel to the flow line. Make the joints 25 to 50
millimeters wide. Place the stones with the flat faces up and the
longest dimension at right angles to the centerline of the waterway.

Ram each stone until it is firm and reasonably true to the surface in
grade, alignment, and cross-section. Remove and relay stone having an
irregular or uneven surface.

Fill the joints with granular backfill to within 100 millimeters of the
surface. Pour and broom grout into the joints until the grout is 13
millimeters below the surface. Clean the excess grout from the surface.

**608.05 Mortared Rubble Paved Waterway (Type 2).** Embed each pavement
stone with its flat face up and its longest dimension parallel to the
gutter line. Place stones alternately so that there is not a continuous
joint across the waterway or parallel to the flow line. Limit joint
widths from 25 millimeters minimum to 50 millimeters maximum.

Ram the stone until it is firm and reasonably true to the surface in
grade, alignment, and cross-section.

Apply mortar to the exposed stone sides in such quantities that when the
adjacent stone is placed and rammed into position, the mortar is within
13 millimeters of the surface but not protruding above the surface.
Clean the excess mortar from the surface.

**608.06 Concrete and Rubble Paved Waterway (Type 3).** Place the
concrete foundation, reinforcing steel, and pavement stone in a
progressive operation. Secure the reinforcing steel within the middle
third of the depth of the concrete foundation. Clean and wet the
pavement stone to near saturation.

Embed the stone in the concrete foundation before it hardens. Place
stones alternately so there is not a continuous joint across the
waterway or parallel to the flow line. Limit joint widths from 25
millimeters minimum to 50 millimeters maximum. Fill the joints between
stones with mortar to 25 millimeters below the top of the stone.

**608.07 Concrete Paved Waterway (Type 4).** Perform the work according
to Section 601.

**608.08 Asphalt Paved Waterway (Type 5).** Perform the work according
to Section 404. Before overlaying existing asphalt paved waterway, clean
and seal the cracks according to Section 414.

**608.09 Placed Riprap Waterway (Type 6).** Use class I riprap. Perform
the work according to Subsections 251.03 and 251.04.

**608.10 Acceptance.** See Table 608-1 for sampling and testing
requirements.

Material for mortar will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.03. Mortar will be evaluated under Subsection 106.04.

Bed course and granular backfill will be evaluated under Subsections
106.02 and 106.04.

Construction of paved waterways will be evaluated under Subsections
106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Riprap will be evaluated under Section 251.

Asphalt mixture will be evaluated under Section 404.

Concrete will be evaluated under Section 601.

Rubble will be evaluated under Section 620.

Measurement

**608.11** Measure the Section 608 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure the square meter width horizontally to include the total width.
Measure the length parallel to the flow line.

Payment

**608.12** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 608 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

+---------+--------+---------+-----+-----------+------------+---+-----+
| Table   | **Rep  | 24      | "   | 24 hours  | 24 hours   | \ | \(  |
| 608-1   | orting | hours   |     |           |            | ( | 2\) |
|         | Time** |         |     |           |            | 1 | The |
| S       |        |         |     |           |            | \ | co  |
| ampling |        |         |     |           |            | ) | mpr |
| and     |        |         |     |           |            | S | ess |
| Testing |        |         |     |           |            | a | ive |
| Requi   |        |         |     |           |            | m | st  |
| rements |        |         |     |           |            | p | ren |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | l | gth |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | e | w   |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | c | ill |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | o | be  |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | n | the |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | s | a   |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | i | ver |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | s | age |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | t | of  |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | s | two |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | o | t   |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | f | est |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | 2 | s   |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | t | pec |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | e | ime |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | s | ns. |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | t |     |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | s |     |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | p |     |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | e |     |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | c |     |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | i |     |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | m |     |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | e |     |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | n |     |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | s |     |
|         |        |         |     |           |            | . |     |
+---------+--------+---------+-----+-----------+------------+---+-----+
|         | **S    | Yes,    | "   | Yes, when | Yes, when  |   |     |
|         | plit** | when    |     |           |            |   |     |
|         |        |         |     | requested | requested  |   |     |
|         | **Sa   | re      |     |           |            |   |     |
|         | mple** | quested |     |           |            |   |     |
+---------+--------+---------+-----+-----------+------------+---+-----+
|         | *      | Pro     | "   | P         | Job site   |   |     |
|         | *Point | duction |     | roduction |            |   |     |
|         | of     | output  |     | output or |            |   |     |
|         | Samp   | or      |     | stockpile |            |   |     |
|         | ling** | st      |     |           |            |   |     |
|         |        | ockpile |     |           |            |   |     |
+---------+--------+---------+-----+-----------+------------+---+-----+
|         | **Samp | 1 per   | "   | 1 per 500 | 1 per      |   |     |
|         | ling** | 500     |     | m^3^      |            |   |     |
|         |        | m^3^    |     |           | in         |   |     |
|         | *      |         |     |           | stallation |   |     |
|         | *Frequ |         |     |           | ^(1)^      |   |     |
|         | ency** |         |     |           |            |   |     |
+---------+--------+---------+-----+-----------+------------+---+-----+
|         | **Test | AASHTO  | AAS | AASHTO T  | AASHTO T   |   |     |
|         | M      | T 27    | HTO | 27        | 23         |   |     |
|         | ethods |         | T   |           |            |   |     |
|         | Spec   | & T 11  | 89  | & T 11    | & T 22     |   |     |
|         | ificat |         |     |           |            |   |     |
|         | ions** |         |     |           |            |   |     |
+---------+--------+---------+-----+-----------+------------+---+-----+
|         | **Cate | ---     | --- | ---       | ---        |   |     |
|         | gory** |         |     |           |            |   |     |
+---------+--------+---------+-----+-----------+------------+---+-----+
|         | **Char | Gr      | Liq | Gradation | Making     |   |     |
|         | acteri | adation | uid |           | test       |   |     |
|         | stic** |         | li  |           | specimens  |   |     |
|         |        |         | mit |           | C          |   |     |
|         |        |         |     |           | ompressive |   |     |
|         |        |         |     |           | strength   |   |     |
|         |        |         |     |           | ^(2)^      |   |     |
+---------+--------+---------+-----+-----------+------------+---+-----+
|         | **Type | M       | "   | Measured  | Measured   |   |     |
|         | of     | easured |     | and       | and tested |   |     |
|         | Acce   | and     |     | tested    |            |   |     |
|         | ptance | tested  |     |           | for        |   |     |
|         | (S     |         |     | for       | c          |   |     |
|         | ubsect | for     |     | co        | onformance |   |     |
|         | ion)** | conf    |     | nformance | (106.04)   |   |     |
|         |        | ormance |     | (106.04)  |            |   |     |
|         |        | (       |     |           |            |   |     |
|         |        | 106.04) |     |           |            |   |     |
+---------+--------+---------+-----+-----------+------------+---+-----+
|         | **Ma   | Bed     |     | Granular  | Mortar     |   |     |
|         | terial | course  |     | backfill  |            |   |     |
|         | or     |         |     |           |            |   |     |
|         | Pro    |         |     |           |            |   |     |
|         | duct** |         |     |           |            |   |     |
+---------+--------+---------+-----+-----------+------------+---+-----+

## Section 609. --- CURB AND GUTTER

Description

**609.01** This work consists of constructing or resetting of curb,
combination curb and gutter, or wheelstops.

Stone curb is designated as type I or II according to Subsection 705.06.

Material

**609.02** Conform to the following Sections and Subsections:

Asphalt mixtures 404

Bed course 704.09

Concrete 601

Joint filler 712.01

Mortar 712.05

Precast concrete curbing and wheelstops 725.06

Reinforcing steel 709.01

Stone curbing 705.06

Construction Requirements

**609.03 General.** Excavate and backfill according to Section 209.
Place and compact the bed course material. Compact the bed course with
at least three passes of a lightweight mechanical tamper, roller, or
vibratory system.

**609.04 Stone and Precast Concrete Curb.** Clean the curb material
thoroughly and wet it just before setting. Set the curb in bed course so
the face and top lines are to line and grade. Make the joints 10 to 25
millimeters wide and fill the joints with mortar.

Complete the first 8 meters of curb to demonstrate the ability to build
a curb meeting these requirements. Do not continue construction until
the 8‑meter test section is approved.

Where a concrete pavement is constructed contiguous to the curb,
construct the joints in the curb directly in line with the pavement
expansion joints.

Make the curb joint 19 millimeters wide and fill it with expansion joint
filler of the same nominal thickness as the pavement joint. Fill all
voids between the joint filler and the curb with mortar.

**609.05 Concrete Curb or Curb and Gutter.** Perform work according to
Section 601. The curb or curb and gutter may be cast-in-place or
slip-formed.

**(a) Cast-in-place.** Use forms that extend for the full depth of the
concrete. Use curved forms for curb with a radius of 90 meters or less.

**(1) Contraction joints.** Construct curb in sections of uniform 3
meter lengths. Construct contraction joints 3 millimeters wide. Use
metal divider plates. When the curb is constructed adjacent to or on
concrete pavement, match the contraction joints in the pavement.

**(2) Expansion joints.** Form expansion joints at intervals of 18
meters using a 19-millimeter thick preformed expansion joint filler.
Where the curb is constructed adjacent to or on rigid pavement, match
the expansion joints in the pavement.

Finish the concrete smooth and even with a wood float. Broom finish
parallel to the curb line according to Subsection 552.14(c)(2). When an
exposed aggregate finish is required, finish according to Subsection
552.14(c)(4). Leave forms in place for 24 hours or until the concrete
has set sufficiently so the forms can be removed without harming the
curb.

**(b) Slip-formed.** Use a self‑propelled automatic curb machine or a
paver with curb attachments. Use a machine that is heavy enough to
obtain consolidation without the machine riding above the foundation.

Adjust the concrete aggregate gradation, if necessary, to produce a curb
or curb and gutter that has well-defined web marks of water on the
surface. Remove and replace sections with craters larger than 5
millimeters or other sections determined to be damaged or defective.
Repairing surface craters and other defective sections by plastering is
not permitted.

After the concrete has hardened sufficiently to permit sawing without
damage, saw contraction joints according to (a)(1) above. Construct
expansion joints according to (a)(2) above.

**609.06 Asphalt Concrete Curb.** Where curb is constructed on a
pavement, place a tack coat according to Section 412 on the area under
the curb.

Construct asphalt concrete curb according to Section 404. Use a
self‑propelled automatic curb machine or a paver with curb attachments
that is heavy enough to compact a curb without riding above the
foundation. Make the curb uniform in texture, shape, and density. Curb
may be constructed by other means only in short sections or sections
with short radii.

**609.07 Resetting Stone or Precast Concrete Curb.** Carefully remove,
clean, and store the curb. Cut or fit the curb as necessary for
installation. Replace all lost, damaged, or destroyed curb. Reset the
curb according to Subsection 609.04.

**609.08 Wheelstops.** Pin the wheelstops in place with two 1-meter
sections of 20M reinforcing steel or 19-millimeter steel rods. Reset
wheelstops in the same manner.

**609.09 Acceptance.** See Table 609-1 for sampling and testing
requirements.

Material for mortar will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.03. Mortar will be evaluated under Subsection 106.04.

Precast units (curb and wheel stops) will be evaluated under Subsections
106.02 and 106.03.

Bed course material will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.04.

Stone for stone curbing will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.04.

Construction of curb and gutter, and wheelstops will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Asphalt mixture will be evaluated under Section 404.

Concrete will be evaluated under Section 601.

Measurement

**609.10** Measure the Section 609 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Make no deduction in length for drainage structures installed in the
curb section or for driveway and handicap access ramp openings where the
gutter is continuous across the opening.

Measure bed course material by the cubic meter in place.

Payment

**609.11** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 609 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------+----+----+
| Table      | **Re    | 4 hours     | "    | ---          | \  | \  |
| 609-1      | porting |             |      |              | (1 | (2 |
|            | Time**  |             |      |              | \) | \) |
| Sampling   |         |             |      |              | Sa | T  |
| and        |         |             |      |              | mp | he |
| Testing    |         |             |      |              | le | c  |
| Re         |         |             |      |              | co | om |
| quirements |         |             |      |              | ns | pr |
|            |         |             |      |              | is | es |
|            |         |             |      |              | ts | si |
|            |         |             |      |              | of | ve |
|            |         |             |      |              | t  | st |
|            |         |             |      |              | wo | re |
|            |         |             |      |              | te | ng |
|            |         |             |      |              | st | th |
|            |         |             |      |              | sp | wi |
|            |         |             |      |              | ec | ll |
|            |         |             |      |              | im | be |
|            |         |             |      |              | en | t  |
|            |         |             |      |              | s. | he |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | a  |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | ve |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | ra |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | ge |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | of |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | t  |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | wo |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | te |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | st |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | sp |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | ec |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | im |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | en |
|            |         |             |      |              |    | s. |
+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------+----+----+
|            | **      | Yes         | "    | ---          |    |    |
|            | Split** |             |      |              |    |    |
|            |         |             |      |              |    |    |
|            | **S     |             |      |              |    |    |
|            | ample** |             |      |              |    |    |
+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------+----+----+
|            | **Point | Production  | "    | Job site     |    |    |
|            | of      | output or   |      |              |    |    |
|            | Sam     | stockpile   |      |              |    |    |
|            | pling** |             |      |              |    |    |
+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------+----+----+
|            | **Sam   | 1 per 500   | "    | 1 per        |    |    |
|            | pling** | m^3^        |      |              |    |    |
|            |         |             |      | installation |    |    |
|            | **Freq  |             |      | ^(1)^        |    |    |
|            | uency** |             |      |              |    |    |
+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------+----+----+
|            | **Test  | AASHTO T 27 | AA   | AASHTO T 23  |    |    |
|            | Methods |             | SHTO |              |    |    |
|            | Sp      | & T 11      | T 89 | & T 22       |    |    |
|            | ecifica |             |      |              |    |    |
|            | tions** |             |      |              |    |    |
+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------+----+----+
|            | **Cat   | ---         | ---  | ---          |    |    |
|            | egory** |             |      |              |    |    |
+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------+----+----+
|            | **Ch    | Gradation   | Li   | Making test  |    |    |
|            | aracter |             | quid | specimens    |    |    |
|            | istic** |             | l    | Compressive  |    |    |
|            |         |             | imit |              |    |    |
|            |         |             |      | strength     |    |    |
|            |         |             |      | ^(2)^        |    |    |
+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------+----+----+
|            | **Type  | Measured    | "    | Measured and |    |    |
|            | of      | and tested  |      | tested       |    |    |
|            | Acc     |             |      |              |    |    |
|            | eptance | for         |      | for          |    |    |
|            | (Subsec | conformance |      | conformance  |    |    |
|            | tion)** | (106.04)    |      | (106.04)     |    |    |
+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------+----+----+
|            | **M     | Bed course  |      | Mortar       |    |    |
|            | aterial |             |      |              |    |    |
|            | or      |             |      |              |    |    |
|            | Pr      |             |      |              |    |    |
|            | oduct** |             |      |              |    |    |
+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------+----+----+

## Section 610. --- HORIZONTAL DRAINS

Description

**610.01** This work consists of constructing horizontal drains
including collector systems when specified.

Material

**610.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Metallic-coated corrugated steel pipe 707.02

Polyethylene (PE) pipe 725.16

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe 725.15

Steel pipe 717.06

Construction Requirements

**610.03 General.** Furnish pipe and fittings of one material shown in
Subsection 610.02. Furnish slotted pipe with 2 rows of slots cut
circumferentially in the pipe on 2 of the third points that are 120
degrees apart. Make the width of the slots 0.5 millimeters with the
total slot opening equal to 4800 square millimeters per meter of pipe.

Excavate and backfill according to Section 209.

**610.04 Drilling Holes.** The locations for installing horizontal
drains as shown on the plans are approximate. The exact locations will
be determined in the field.

Drill holes with rotary equipment capable of drilling 75 to
150-millimeter diameter holes through soil and rock. Determine the
elevation at the upper end of the completed horizontal drain hole by
inserting tubes or pipes and measuring liquid levels, or by other
satisfactory means. Dispose of drilling water in a manner that does not
contaminate surface watercourses.

**610.05 Installing Horizontal Drain.** Tightly plug the entrance end of
the slotted pipe with a rounded or pointed extension that does not
extend more than 150 millimeters beyond the end of the pipe. Insert the
pipe inside the drill rod with the slots up. Retract the drill rod so
the drilled hole is fully cased with the slotted pipe. Connect
additional pipe as necessary to form a continuous tube.

Use unslotted pipe for the last 3 to 6 meters of the outlet end. Seal
the space between the drilled hole and the unslotted pipe for at least 3
meters at the outlet end with an approved impermeable material. Do not
seal the space between the drilled hole and the slotted pipe.

**610.06 Installing Outlet Drains and Collector Systems.** Attach outlet
drain pipe to the ends of all horizontal drains by means of a tee or
street ell. Install a collector system of the type, kind, and size
detailed in the contract.

**610.07 Acceptance.** Material furnished for horizontal drains will be
evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Construction of horizontal drains will be evaluated under Subsections
106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

**610.08** Measure the Section 610 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

**610.09** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 610 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 611. --- WATER SYSTEMS

Description

**611.01** This work consists of constructing or reconstructing water
systems.

Material

**611.02** Conform to the following Section and Subsections:

Bedding material 704.02

Cast iron soil pipe and fittings 725.17

Concrete 601

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and fittings 725.15

Seamless copper water tube and fittings 725.18

Steel pipe and fittings 717.06

Construction Requirements

**611.03 General.** Furnish material and workmanship conforming to the
standards of APWA, the AWWA, *National Building Code,* and local
plumbing and safety codes.

At the preconstruction conference, submit a certified cost breakdown of
the individual items involved in the lump sum item for use in making
progress payments and price adjustments.

Obtain permits, arrange for inspections, and pay all fees necessary to
obtain water service.

Excavate and backfill according to Section 209. Bed the pipe according
to Subsection 209.09(b).

**611.04 Laying Waterline.** Where it is necessary to cross a waterline
over a sewer line, construct the waterline a minimum vertical distance
of 450 millimeters above the sewer line.

Inspect each joint or fixture and clean the interior of the pipe before
placing in the trench. Do not allow dirt, water, rodents, or other
contaminants to enter the pipe during installation. Center and push each
joint completely together, and fasten the joint according to the
manufacturer\'s recommendations.

Brace major fixtures or fixtures that could blow off the line under
pressure with a cast-in-place concrete wedge block. Cast the block
between the fixture and the undisturbed vertical trench wall with a
minimum bearing surface of 0.2 square meters against the vertical wall.
Do not pressure test lines until concrete has established its required
strength.

**611.05 Testing and Disinfecting Lines.** Test all joints under
pressure before backfilling. Repair all leaks.

Disinfect all lines that are to carry water for human consumption. Fill
the lines with a water solution containing a residual chlorine level of
at least 50 parts per million for at least 24 hours. Drain and flush the
line after the disinfecting period. Do not dispose of disinfectant water
in live streams.

**611.06 Backfilling.** Backfill according to Subsection 209.10 except
hand-place the backfill to 300 millimeters over the top of the pipe.
Remove all rocks and hard lumps from the hand-placed layer.

During backfilling, place a plastic locator strip approximately 300
millimeters above the pipe. If nonmetallic waterline is installed, use a
locator strip containing metal that allows detection with a metal
detector. Hold hydrants, valve boxes, and other vertical fixtures
vertical with the tops adjusted to the required elevation.

**611.07 Acceptance.** Material for water systems will be evaluated
under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Installation of water systems will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02
and 106.04.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Measurement

**611.08** Measure the Section 611 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure waterlines and encasement pipes with no deduction for the length
through tees, bends, valves, or other fixtures.

Payment

**611.09** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 611 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Payment for lump sum items will be prorated based on the total work
completed.

## Section 612. --- SANITARY SEWER SYSTEMS

Description

**612.01** This work consists of constructing sanitary sewer systems.

Material

**612.02** Conform to the following Section and Subsections.

Bedding material 704.02

Cast iron soil pipe 725.17

Concrete 601

Plastic Pipe 706.08

Precast concrete units 725.11(e)

Watertight gaskets 712.03

Construction Requirements

**612.03 General.** Furnish either cast iron or plastic sanitary sewer
lines. Furnish material and workmanship conforming to the standards of
the AWWA, *National Building Code,* and local plumbing and safety codes.
At the preconstruction conference, submit a certified cost breakdown of
items involved in the lump sum item for use in making progress payments
and price adjustments.

Obtain permits, arrange for inspections, and pay all fees necessary to
obtain sewerage service.

Excavate and backfill according to Section 209. Bed the pipe according
to Subsection 209.09(b).

**612.04 Laying Sewer Lines.** Separate waterlines and sewer lines
according to Subsection 611.04.

Inspect each joint and clean the pipe and bell before placing in the
trench. Lay the sewer line from the lower end with the spigot ends
pointing in the direction of flow. Fully support each length between
joints and check for line and grade before placing the next length.

Where premolded watertight gaskets are used, check the gasket for proper
positioning and shove sewer pipe into proper position. When poured
joints are used, position the pipe and fill the joint completely with
joint sealer. Allow the sealer to cool completely before removing the
runner.

**612.05 Backfilling.** Backfill according to Subsection 611.06. After
backfilling, flush the lines with water to ensure that they are
unobstructed.

**612.06 Acceptance.** Material for sanitary sewer systems will be
evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Installation of sanitary sewer systems will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Measurement

**612.07** Measure the Section 612 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure sewer lines with no deduction for length through valves, ells,
tees, valve boxes, reducers, manholes, or other fixtures. Where two
different sizes enter or exit a manhole, measure each size to the center
of the manhole.

Payment

**612.08** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 612 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Payment for lump sum items will be prorated based on the total work
completed.

## Section 613. --- SIMULATED STONE MASONRY SURFACE

Description

**613.01** This work consists of using concrete, color/stain, and grout
to simulate the texture and color of native stone masonry in the stone
pattern shown on the plans. It consists of the following:

**(a)** Designing and furnishing textured form liners.

**(b)** Installing form liners.

**(c)** Applying a surface finish (color/stain application) that
duplicates the unique coloring and mottled appearance of stone masonry.

**(d)** Preparing a simulated stone masonry test wall and demonstrating
the surface finish before beginning production work.

Material

**613.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Form liner 725.27

Joint filler 712.01(b)

Penetrating stain 708.05

Grout 725.22(e)

Construction Requirements

**613.03 Form Liner Fabrication.** Take an impression of the stone
shape, texture, and mortar joints from a designated location. Design
form liners from the impressions according to the stone pattern shown on
the plans. Submit detailed drawings of the form liner for approval
according to Subsection 104.03.

**613.04 Form Liner Installation**. Attach the form liners to the form.
Attach adjacent form liners to each other with less than a 3-millimeter
seam. Do not repeat the form liner pattern between expansion joints or
within 6-meter intervals, whichever is greater.

Form expansion joints at the intervals shown on the plans. Blend the
butt joints into the pattern and the final concrete surface.

Coordinate the forms with wall ties. Place form tie holes in the high
point of rustication or in the mortar joint.

Clean off build‑up before reusing form liners. Visually inspect each
liner for blemishes and tears. Repair the liner before installation.

**613.05 Top Surface.** Emboss the plastic concrete in the exposed top
surface by stamping, tooling, troweling, hand shaping, or a combination
thereof, to simulate the stone masonry texture and mortared joints.
Match the side pattern of the formed mortared joints. Immediately after
the free surface water evaporates and the finish embossing is complete,
cure the concrete for 7 days according to Subsection 552.15(b). Do not
use liquid membrane curing compounds.

**613.06 Form Liner Removal**. Within 24 hours after placing concrete,
remove or break free the form liners without causing concrete surface
deterioration or weakness in the substratum. Remove all form tie
material to a depth of at least 25 millimeters below the concrete face
without spalling and damaging the concrete.

Cure the concrete for 7 days according to Subsection 552.15(b). Do not
use liquid membrane curing compounds.

**613.07 Preparation of Concrete Surface.** Finish all exposed formed
concrete surfaces according to Subsection 552.16(a). Finish so that
vertical seams, horizontal seams, and butt joint marks are not visible.
Minimize grinding and chipping to avoid exposing aggregate.

Provide a completed surface free of blemishes, discolorations, surface
voids, and conspicuous form marks. Make the finished texture and
patterns continuous without visual disruption.

**613.08 Color/Stain Application.** Age concrete, including patches, a
minimum of 30 days. Clean the surface of all latency, dirt, dust,
grease, and any foreign material by approved methods.

Remove efflorescence with a pressure water wash. Use a fan nozzle held
perpendicular to the surface at a distance between 0.6 and 1 meter. Use
a minimum 20-megapascal water pressure at a rate of 12 to 16 liters per
minute. Do not sand blast surfaces that receive color/stain.

Correct all surface irregularities created by the surface cleaning.

Maintain the concrete temperature between 4 and 30 ºC when applying
color/stain and for 48 hours after applying color/stain.

Color/stain all exposed concrete surfaces. Use a color/stain application
suitable to obtain the appearance of the native stone masonry. Use a
minimum of 3 colors/stains.

When required at boundaries between two color tones or between surfaces
receiving color at different times, take care and provide protection to
avoid over‑spray and color overlap.

Apply grout of a natural cement color to each form joint. Use sufficient
grout so the over‑spray of the color/stain is not visible. Give the form
pattern grout joint the appearance of mortared joints in completed
masonry.

Recoat all areas inconsistent with the approved test wall.

Treat expansion joints with caulk/grout to blend with the appearance of
the adjacent stone or mortar joint.

**613.09 Test Wall.** Before production work on the simulated stone
masonry, construct a 1-meter high, by 0.5-meter wide, by 3-meter-long
test wall according to Section 552 and these specifications.

Cast the test wall on site, using the same forming methods, procedures,
form liner, texture configuration, expansion joint, concrete mixture,
and color/stain application proposed for the production work.
Demonstrate the quality and consistency of joint treatment, end
treatment, top embossing methods, back treatment, and color/stain
application on the test wall. If a test wall is unacceptable, construct
a new test wall.

Begin production structural concrete work only after the test wall is
approved. Begin production color/stain application only after the
color/stain application on the test wall is approved. Dispose of the
test wall after use.

**613.10 Acceptance.** Material for simulated stone masonry surface
treatment will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Installation of form liners will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02
and 106.04.

Application of color/stain to all exposed concrete surfaces will be
evaluated under Subsection 106.02.

Construction of the simulated stone masonry test wall will be evaluated
under Subsection 106.02.

Measurement

**613.11** Measure the Section 613 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Do not measure form liners.

Payment

**613.12** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 613 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 614. --- LEAN CONCRETE BACKFILL

Description

**614.01** This work consists of constructing lean concrete backfill.

Material

**614.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Aggregate 703.16

Hydraulic cement 701.01

Water 725.01(a)

Construction Requirements

**614.03 Composition of Mix.** Design a well-graded, flowable,
self-leveling, mix conforming to Table 614-1. Verify the mix design with
trial batches prepared from the same sources proposed for the mix.
Submit the following for approval at least 21 days before production:

**(a)** Type and source(s) of aggregates;

**(b)** Type and source of cement;

**(c)** Mix proportions;

**(d)** Type of cement and fly ash (if used in the mix);

**(e)** Commercial certifications for cement, fly ash, admixtures, and
aggregate;

**(f)** Target values for water/cement ratio and slump; and

**(g)** Compressive strength at 7 and 28 days.

Table 614-1

Composition of Lean Concrete Backfill

  ----------------------------------------- -----------------------------
  **Property**                              **Specification**

  Cement content                            30 kg/m^3^ min.

  Slump                                     150 - 200

  Aggregate particle size                   25 mm max.

  Aggregate passing 75-μm sieve             10 % max.

  7-day compressive strength                1.5 MPa max.
  ----------------------------------------- -----------------------------

**614.04 General.** Perform the work described under Section 209.

Do not place lean concrete backfill in contact with aluminum or
aluminum-coated structures.

Do not use lean concrete backfill above the top of subgrade.

**614.05 Mixing and Placing Lean Concrete Backfill.** Mix lean concrete
backfill by pugmill, rotary drum, or other approved mixer to obtain a
uniform mix.

Place lean concrete backfill in a uniform manner that prevents voids in,
or segregation of, the backfill.

When backfilling around culverts and other structures, place lean
concrete backfill in a manner that does not float or shift the
structure. Bring the backfill up evenly on all sides of the structure.

When placing lean concrete backfill at or below an atmospheric
temperature of 2 ºC, perform the work under Subsection 552.10(a).

Wait at least 4 hours before backfilling over lean concrete backfill.

**614.06 Acceptance.** Material for lean concrete backfill will be
evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Lean concrete backfilling will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02.

Measurement

**614.07** Measure the Section 614 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure lean concrete backfill by the cubic meter in the hauling
vehicle.

Payment

**614.08** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 614 pay item listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 615. --- SIDEWALKS, DRIVE PADS,

## AND PAVED MEDIANS

Description

**615.01** This work consists of constructing sidewalks, drive pads, and
paved medians.

Sidewalks, drive pads, and paved medians are designated as concrete,
asphalt, concrete brick, or clay brick.

Material

**615.02** Conform to the following Sections and Subsections:

Asphalt mixtures 404

Bed course 704.09

Clay or shale brick 725.07

Concrete 601

Concrete brick 725.08

Curing material 711.01

Masonry and mortar cement 701.02

Sealants, fillers, seals, and sleeves 712.01

Reinforcing steel 709.01

Construction Requirements

**615.03 General.** Excavate and backfill according to Section 209.
Place bed course material in layers not exceeding 100 millimeters in
compacted thickness. Compact each layer with at least three passes of a
lightweight mechanical tamper, roller, or vibratory system.

**615.04 Concrete Sidewalks, Drive Pads, and Medians.** Perform the work
according to Section 601. Use forms that extend for the full depth of
the concrete.

**(a) Joints.** Construct joints perpendicular to the outside slab edges
and other joints. Match the joints in adjacent curb or pavements. Tool
and remove all free mortar and concrete from joints.

**(1) Expansion joints.** Construct at intervals not exceeding 6 meters.
Use 19‑millimeter thick preformed expansion joint filler for the full
depth of the joints. When joints are to be sealed, use multi-component
joint sealant.

**(2) Contraction joints.** Construct at intervals not exceeding 3
meters. Form the joint with a jointing tool or saw the joints to a depth
of 1/4 to 1/3 of the thickness of the concrete and about 3 millimeters
wide.

**(3) Construction joints.** Form construction joints around all
appurtenances such as manholes, utility poles, buildings, and bridges.
Use 13-millimeter, thick preformed expansion joint filler for the full
depth of the joints.

When joints are to be sealed, use multi-component joint sealant.

**(b) Finishes.** Provide a sidewalk finish unless otherwise required.
Edge outside edges of slab and all joints with a 6-millimeter radius
edging tool.

**(1) Sidewalk finish.** See Subsection 552.14(c)(2).

**(2) Exposed aggregate finish.** See Subsection 552.14(c)(4).

Cure the concrete for at least 72 hours according to Subsection
552.15(b) or (c). Protect the work from pedestrian traffic for 72 hours
and from vehicular traffic for 7 days.

**615.05 Asphalt Concrete Sidewalks, Drive Pads, and Medians.** Perform
the work according to Section 404.

**615.06 Brick Sidewalks, Drive Pads, and Medians.** Lay brick in
successive courses on a prepared surface. Lay each course of brick to
grade. Relay any course that deviates from a straight line by more than
55 millimeters in 10 meters.

Sweep and inspect the brick surface before the bed sets. Remove each
imperfect brick and replace.

Chock the joints flush with a dry mixture of 4 parts sand and 1 part
cement by mass and carefully water the surface to saturate the joint
filler.

**615.07 Acceptance.** See Table 615-1 for sampling and testing
requirements.

Clay or shale brick, concrete brick, curing material, joint fillers, and
reinforcing steel will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Bed course material will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.04.

Construction of sidewalks, drive pads, and medians will be evaluated
under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Asphalt mixture will be evaluated under Section 404.

Concrete will be evaluated under Section 601.

Measurement

**615.08** Measure the Section 615 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

**615.09** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 615 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

+-------------------+-----------------+--------------+---------------+
| Table 615-1       | **Reporting     | ---          | > ---         |
|                   | Time**          |              |               |
| > **Sampling and  |                 |              |               |
| > Testing         |                 |              |               |
| > Requirements**  |                 |              |               |
+-------------------+-----------------+--------------+---------------+
|                   | **Split**       | Yes, when    | > "           |
|                   |                 |              |               |
|                   | **Sample**      | requested    |               |
+-------------------+-----------------+--------------+---------------+
|                   | **Point of      | Production   | > "           |
|                   | Sampling**      | output or    |               |
|                   |                 | stockpile    |               |
+-------------------+-----------------+--------------+---------------+
|                   | **Sampling**    | 1 per 500    | > "           |
|                   |                 | m^3^         |               |
|                   | **Frequency**   |              |               |
+-------------------+-----------------+--------------+---------------+
|                   | **Test Methods  | AASHTO T 27  | > AASHTO T 89 |
|                   | S               |              |               |
|                   | pecifications** | & T 11       |               |
+-------------------+-----------------+--------------+---------------+
|                   | **Category**    | ---          | > ---         |
+-------------------+-----------------+--------------+---------------+
|                   | **C             | Gradation    | > Liquid      |
|                   | haracteristic** |              | > limit       |
+-------------------+-----------------+--------------+---------------+
|                   | **Type of       | Measured and |               |
|                   | Acceptance      | tested       |               |
|                   | (Subsection)**  |              |               |
|                   |                 | for          |               |
|                   |                 | conformance  |               |
|                   |                 | (106.04)     |               |
+-------------------+-----------------+--------------+---------------+
|                   | **Material or   | Bed course   |               |
|                   | Product**       |              |               |
|                   |                 | (704.09)     |               |
+-------------------+-----------------+--------------+---------------+

## Section 616. --- SLOPE PAVING

Description

**616.01** This work consists of constructing concrete, brick, masonry
block, rubble, or cellular concrete block slope paving.

Material

**616.02** Conform to the following Sections and Subsections:

Bed course 704.09

Cellular concrete blocks 725.10

Concrete 601

Concrete brick 725.08

Concrete masonry blocks 725.09

Geotextile type IV 714.01

Grout 725.22(c)

Mortar 712.05

Precast concrete units 725.11(f)

Rubble 620

Topsoil 713.01(a) or (b)

Welded steel wire fabric 709.01(h)

Construction Requirements

**616.03 General.** Excavate and backfill according to Section 209.
Place and compact bed course material with at least three passes of a
lightweight mechanical tamper, roller, or vibratory system.

**616.04 Geotextile.** When required by the contract, place geotextile
according to Subsection 207.05. Bury the ends of the geotextile for
anchorage. Pin the strips at 1.5‑meter intervals to hold the geotextile
lap in place until slope paving is placed. Replace or repair all
geotextile that is torn or punctured.

**616.05 Concrete Slope Paving.** Construct toe walls. Place welded wire
fabric at the center of slab. Run the welded steel wire fabric
continuously through the joints. Lap adjacent runs of fabric by at least
150 millimeters.

Perform concrete work according to Section 601. Place slabs starting at
the bottom of the slope. Construct horizontal joints parallel to the
bottom of the slope and the vertical joints perpendicular to the
horizontal joints. Construct cold joints without filler.

Finish the surface with a sidewalk finish according to Subsection
552.14(c)(2). Edge the outside edges of the slab and all joints with a
6‑millimeter radius edging tool.

**616.06 Brick, Masonry Block, or Rubble Slope Paving.** Place bricks,
masonry blocks, or rubble starting at the bottom of the slope. Place
them on the foundation bed with flat faces up and the longest dimension
parallel to the bottom of the slope.

Ram each brick, masonry block, or stone into place. Apply mortar on the
exposed side in such quantities that when the adjacent brick, masonry
block, or stone is placed and rammed into position, the mortar is within
13 millimeters of the surface and not protruding above the top. Make the
brick and masonry block joints 13 millimeters wide or less and rubble
joints 25 millimeters or less. Clean all mortar stain from the surface.

**616.07 Cellular Concrete Block Slope Paving.** Place the blocks
starting in a trench or against a suitable anchorage at the bottom of
the slope. Lay each block perpendicular to the slope and bed firmly
against adjoining blocks. Grout to fill misaligned joints or breaks at
slope changes. Do not grout individual blocks to each other.

Spread topsoil loosely over the cellular block slope paving, partially
filling the cell openings. When required by the contract, establish turf
according to Section 625.

**616.08 Acceptance.** See Table 616-1 for sampling and testing
requirements.

Cellular concrete blocks, concrete brick, concrete masonry blocks,
material for mortar, and welded steel wire fabric will be evaluated
under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Mortar will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Bed course material will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.04.

Slope paving construction will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.04.

Geotextile will be evaluated under Section 207.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Concrete will be evaluated under Section 601.

Rubble will be evaluated under Section 620.

Topsoil will be evaluated under Section 624.

Turf will be evaluated under Section 625.

Measurement

**616.09** Measure the Section 616 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure topsoil under Section 624.

Measure turf establishment under Section 625.

Payment

**616.10** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 616 pay item listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+
| Table     | **Reporting | ---         | ---         | ---            |
| 616-1     | Time**      |             |             |                |
|           |             |             |             |                |
| Sampling  |             |             |             |                |
| and       |             |             |             |                |
| Testing   |             |             |             |                |
| Req       |             |             |             |                |
| uirements |             |             |             |                |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+
|           | **Split**   | Yes, when   | "           | ---            |
|           |             |             |             |                |
|           | **Sample**  | requested   |             |                |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+
|           | **Point of  | Production  | "           | Job site       |
|           | Sampling**  | output or   |             |                |
|           |             | stockpile   |             |                |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+
|           | *           | 1 per 500   | "           | 1 per          |
|           | *Sampling** | m^3^        |             | installation   |
|           |             |             |             |                |
|           | **          |             |             |                |
|           | Frequency** |             |             |                |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+
|           | **Test      | AASHTO T 27 | AASHTO T 89 | AASHTO T 23    |
|           | Methods     |             |             |                |
|           | Speci       | & T 11      |             | & T 22         |
|           | fications** |             |             |                |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+
|           | *           | ---         | ---         | ---            |
|           | *Category** |             |             |                |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+
|           | **Chara     | Gradation   | Liquid      | Making test    |
|           | cteristic** |             | limit       | specimens      |
|           |             |             |             | Compressive    |
|           |             |             |             | strength       |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+
|           | **Type of   | Measured    |             | Measured and   |
|           | Acceptance  | and tested  |             | tested         |
|           | (Su         |             |             |                |
|           | bsection)** | for         |             | for            |
|           |             | conformance |             | conformance    |
|           |             | (106.04)    |             | (106.04)       |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+
|           | **Material  | Bed course  |             | Mortar         |
|           | or          |             |             |                |
|           | Product**   | (704.09)    |             | (712.05)       |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+----------------+

## Section 617. --- GUARDRAIL

Description

**617.01** This work consists of constructing guardrail systems and
modifying, removing, resetting, and raising existing guardrail systems.

**(a)** Guardrail systems are designated as follows:

G1 --- Cable guardrail

G2 --- W-beam (weak post)

G3 --- Box beam

G4 --- Blocked‑out W beam standard barrier

G9 --- Blocked‑out thrie beam standard barrier

MB4 --- Blocked‑out W beam median barrier

SBTA --- Steel-backed timber guardrail/timber posts and block-out

SBTB --- Steel-backed timber guardrail/timber posts and no block-out

CRT --- W-beam guardrail and no blockout

SBLG --- Steel-backed log rail

**(b)** Steel guardrail types are designated as follows:

I --- Zinc-coated, 550 grams per square meter

II --- Zinc-coated, 1100 grams per square meter

III --- Painted rails

IV --- Corrosion resistant steel

**(c)** Steel guardrail classes are designated as follows:

A --- Metal thickness --- 2.67 millimeters

B --- Metal thickness --- 3.43 millimeters

**(d)** Terminal section types are designated as follows:

G4-CRT --- Cable releasing terminal

G4-BAT --- Back slope anchor terminal

SBT-FAT-9 --- Flared anchor terminal, 9 meters long

SBT-FAT-6 --- Flared anchor terminal, 6 meters long

SBT-BAT --- Back slope anchor terminal

Flared --- Straight or parabolic flared W beam terminal

Tangent --- Tangent W beam terminal

Material

**617.02** Conform to the following Section and Subsections:

Box beam rail 710.07

Concrete 601

Corrosion resistant steel rail 710.06(b)

Galvanized steel rail 710.06(a)

Guardrail hardware 710.10

Guardrail posts 710.09

Precast concrete anchors 725.11

Reflector tabs 710.10

Retroreflective sheeting, type III 718.01

Steel-backed timber rail 710.08

Welding 555.03

Wire rope or wire cable 709.02

Wood preservative treatment 716.03

Construction Requirements

**617.03 Posts.** Treat field cuts for wood posts with two coats of
preservative applied with a brush or sprayer. Do not place field cuts in
contact with the ground.

Where the pavement surface is within 1 meter of the guardrail face,
install posts before placing the pavement surface.

Punch or drill pilot holes no more than 15 millimeters larger than the
post dimensions. Drive the posts into the pilot holes and set the posts
plumb. Backfill and compact around the posts with acceptable material.

Where it is not possible to maintain a 600-millimeter minimum distance
between the back of the guardrail post and the top of a 1:2 or steeper
slope, increase the standard post length by 300 millimeters. Where an
impenetrable object is encountered, use a short post with a concrete
anchor, decrease the post spacing, or nest two rail elements as approved
by the CO. Do not change the post lengths and spacings in terminal
sections.

**617.04 Rail Elements.** Install the rail elements after the pavement
adjacent to the guardrail is complete. Do not modify specified hole
diameters or slot dimensions.

**(a) Steel rail.** Shop bend all curved guardrail with a radius of 45
meters or less.

Erect rail elements in a smooth continuous line with the laps in the
direction of traffic flow. Use bolts that extend at least 6 millimeters
but not more than 25 millimeters beyond the nuts. Tighten all bolts.

Paint all scrapes on galvanized surfaces that are through to the base
metal with 2 coats of zinc-oxide paint.

**(b) Steel-backed timber rail.** Equally space bolts along the front
face of the timber rail to match the holes in the steel backing. Align
timber guardrail along the top and front of the timber rail.

Field cut timber rails to produce a close fit at joints. Treat field
cuts with 2 coats of chromated copper arsenate.

When required, field drill holes in the steel backing on curved sections
to correspond to the field cut wood rails at the joints. Do not use a
torch to cut holes.

**(c) Log rail.** Construct log rail according to the plans.

**617.05 Terminal Sections.** Construct terminal sections at the
locations shown. Terminal sections consist of posts, railing, hardware,
and anchorage assembly necessary to construct the type of terminal
section specified.

Where concrete anchors are installed, construct either cast-in-place or
precast units. Do not connect the guardrail to cast-in-place anchors
until the concrete has cured 7 days. Install end anchor cables tightly
without slack.

When flared or tangent terminals are required, submit drawings from the
manufacturer for the terminals according to Subsection 104.03.

When required by the contract, construct earth berms according to
Section 204.

**617.06 Connection to Structure.** Construct connection to structure
and, where required by the contract, reinforced concrete transition
according to the plans.

**617.07 Removing and Resetting Guardrail.** Remove and store the
existing guardrail, posts, and appurtenances. Remove and dispose of
posts that are set in concrete. Replace all guardrail, posts, and
hardware damaged during removal, storage, or resetting. Backfill all
holes resulting from the removal of guardrail posts and anchors with
granular material according to Section 209.

**617.08 Raising Guardrail.** Remove the existing guardrail and
appurtenances. Replace and reset posts as needed. Replace all guardrail,
posts, and hardware damaged during the removal and raising.

**617.09 Acceptance.** Material for guardrail will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Construction of guardrail will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.04.

Earth berm construction will be evaluated under Section 204.

Structural excavation will be evaluated under Section 209.

Welding will be evaluated under Section 555.

Concrete will be evaluated under Section 601.

Measurement

**617.10** Measure the Section 617 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure guardrail, excluding terminal sections. Measure transition
sections from G9 rail to G4 rail as G9 rail.

Measure removing and resetting guardrail and raising guardrail including
reset terminal sections.

Measure replacement posts (except replacement posts for posts damaged by
construction operations) used in the removing, resetting, or raising
guardrail.

Measure earth berms under Section 204.

Payment

**617.11** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 617 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 618. --- CONCRETE BARRIERS AND PRECAST GUARDWALLS

Description

**618.01** This work consists of constructing and resetting concrete
barrier and precast concrete guardwall systems.

Material

**618.02** Conform to the following Section and Subsections:

Concrete class A(AE) 552

Guardrail hardware 710.10

Hydraulic cement 701.01

Precast concrete barrier 725.11(b)

Preformed joint filler 712.01(b)

Reinforcing steel 709.01

Construction Requirements

**618.03 General.** Excavate and backfill according to Section 209.
Construct barriers and guardwalls that meet crash test requirements of
NCHRP Report 350, *Recommended Procedures for Safety Performance and
Evaluation of the Highway Features*.

**618.04 Concrete Barriers.** Concrete barriers may be cast-in-place,
slip-formed, or precast according to Section 552. Finish the sides and
top according to Subsection 552.16(a).

**(a) Cast-in-place.** Hand form or saw contraction joints 5 millimeters
wide and 50 millimeters deep at 6-meter intervals. Saw as soon as
possible after the concrete has set sufficiently to preclude raveling
during sawing, but before shrinkage cracking occurs. Decrease the depth
of the saw cut at the edge adjacent to the pavement to prevent pavement
damage.

Place 19 millimeters preformed joint filler in all construction joints.
Cut the joint filler to fit the cross-sectional area at structures and
barrier construction joints. Tool construction joint edges. Seal joints
according to Subsection 501.11.

**(b) Slip-formed.** Do not touch the barrier extruded concrete surface
as it leaves the slip-form machine except to immediately remove offsets
and fins by light troweling.

Make adjustments in the operation to correct any condition causing
surface blemishes larger than 13 millimeters. Do not use water on the
completed barrier to correct imperfections.

**(c) Precast.** Precast barriers in section lengths. Prepare the
barrier foundation so it does not vary over 6 millimeters when a 3-meter
straightedge is laid along the centerline of the barrier. Align the
joints and connect adjacent sections.

Use cast-in-place barrier where transitions, split barriers, or gaps
shorter than 3 meters require it. At each joint between precast and
cast-in-place barrier, provide hardware in the cast-in-place section to
tie its end to the abutting precast section.

**618.05 Precast Concrete Guardwall.**

**(a) Fabrication.** A full-size sample of the guardwall will be
provided at a specified location. Fabricate the guardwall to match the
sample\'s shape, color, and texture. The guardwall shall also conform to
the following:

**(1)** Fabricate in a precast concrete production facility certified by
the National Precast Concrete Association and according to the
Association\'s *Manual of Quality Control.*

**(2)** Formulate the facing mixes, backing mixes, and structural
concrete backup to produce concrete mix designs of similar
aggregate-cement ratios to minimize differences in shrinkage factors and
coefficients of thermal expansion and contraction. Formulate using
hydraulic cement, limestone, quartz, mica, and silicious stones in such
proportions as to match the sample.

**(3)** Use epoxy coated reinforcing steel at locations where the
reinforcing steel is less than 50 millimeters from the exposed surface.

**(4)** Cast the segments straight and true to a line in strong
permanent composite molds of steel, plastic resins, concrete, or rubber.

**(5)** Cast the facing mixes a minimum of 25 millimeters thick. Ensure
a good bond between facing and backup mixes.

**(6)** Provide 4 lifting inserts in unexposed areas. Provide removable
caps for the lifting inserts to allow for future segment replacement.

**(b) Test section.** Demonstrate the ability to match the sample by
fabricating a 3‑meter, full-scale guardwall test section and delivering
it to the location of the sample for comparison. If the test section is
not in reasonably close conformity to the sample, fabricate another test
section according to (a) above. Test sections that do not match the
sample may not be used in the wall installation.

**(c) Installation.** After the test section is approved, produce the
guardwall sections to match the approved test section. Prevent damage to
the segments during fabrication, handling, delivery, and installation.
Repair or replace all damaged sections. Prepare the foundation and place
the sections. Use backer rods and joint sealant in the section joints to
match the false joints.

At 30-meter intervals and at low points in the guardwall, dig outlet
ditches and fill them with 150 millimeters of aggregate conforming to
AASHTO M 43, number 57.

**618.06 Terminal Sections.** Where barrier is being constructed next to
roadway lanes open to traffic, connect an approved temporary terminal
section to the barrier at the end of each day.

Construct permanent graded berms according to Section 204.

**618.07 Resetting Barrier.** Reset barrier and terminal sections
according to Subsections 618.03 and 618.06. Store barrier sections in an
approved location when resetting cannot immediately follow removal.

**618.08 Acceptance.** Material for concrete barrier and precast
guardwall (except concrete and reinforcing steel) will be evaluated
under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Construction of concrete barriers and precast concrete guardwalls will
be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Concrete barrier and precast concrete guardwall appearance will be
evaluated under Subsection 106.02.

Precast concrete guardwall test sections will be evaluated under
Subsection 106.02.

Concrete will be evaluated under Section 552.

Reinforcing steel will be evaluated under Section 554.

Measurement

**618.09** Measure the Section 618 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure concrete barrier and precast concrete guardwall excluding
terminal sections.

Measure reset barrier in the relocated position including terminal
sections.

Measure earth berms under Section 204.

Payment

**618.10** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 618 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 619. --- FENCES, GATES, AND CATTLE GUARDS

Description

**619.01** This work consists of constructing fences, gates, cattle
guards, and bollard posts and removing and resetting fence.

Material

**619.02** Conform to the following Section and Subsections:

Barbed wire 710.01

Chain link fence 710.03

Concrete 601

Fence gates 710.05

Fence posts and bollards 710.04

Cement grout 725.22(e)

Precast concrete units 725.11

Reinforcing steel 709.01

Temporary plastic fence 710.11

Woven wire 710.02

Construction Requirements

**619.03 Fences and Gates.**

**(a) General.** Clear along the fence line. Remove and dispose of
trees, brush, logs, upturned stumps, roots of downed trees, rubbish, and
debris according to Subsection 201.06. Clear a 3-meter width for chain
link fence and a 1-meter width for wire fence.

Grubbing is not required except where short and abrupt changes in the
ground contour require removal of stumps to properly grade the fence
line. Remove or close cut stumps within the clearing limits.

Perform clearing and leveling with minimum disturbance to the terrain
outside the fence line.

Schedule the fence installation, provide temporary fence, or other
adequate means to prevent livestock from entering the project
right-of-way, easements, or adjoining properties.

At bridges, cattle underpasses, and culverts, connect new fence to
structure to permit free passage of livestock under or through the
structure.

**(b) Chain link fence and gates.**

**(1) Posts.** Space posts at not more than 3-meter intervals. Measure
the post spacing interval horizontally. Set posts vertically.

Set posts in concrete according to Section 601.

Where solid rock is encountered without overburden, drill line post
holes at least 350 millimeters deep and drill end, corner, gate, and
pull posts at least 500 millimeters deep in the solid rock. Make the
hole width or diameter at least 25 millimeters greater than the post
width or diameter. Cut the post to the required length before
installation or drill the hole deep enough to set the post at the
required height. Set and plumb the post and fill the hole with grout.
Thoroughly work the grout into the hole to eliminate voids. Crown the
grout to drain water away from the post.

Where solid rock is covered with soil or loose rock overburden, set
posts to the plan depth or to the minimum depth into the solid rock as
specified above, whichever is less. When solid rock is encountered
before the plan depth, grout the portion of the post in solid rock and
backfill the post hole from the solid rock to the top of the ground with
concrete.

Provide end, gate, corner, and pull posts with adjacent brace posts as
shown on the plans. A change in the fence alignment of 20 degrees or
more is considered a corner.

**(2) Top rail.** Install top rails through the ornamental tops of the
line posts, forming a continuous brace from end-to-end of each stretch
of fence. Join lengths of top rail with sleeve-type couplings. Securely
fasten top rails to terminal posts by pressed steel fittings or other
appropriate means.

**(3) Tension wire.** Attach tension wire to end, gate, corner, or pull
posts by bands and clamps. Either thread the top tension wire through
the line post loop caps or hold in open slots in a manner to limit
vertical movement. Tie or attach the bottom tension wire to the bottom
of the line posts by ties or clamps in a manner that prevents vertical
movement. Apply sufficient tension to avoid excess sag between posts. On
the top tension wire, provide one turnbuckle or ratchet take-up in each
run of fence.

**(4) Fence fabric.** For fences placed on the right-of-way, place fence
fabric on the post face away from the highway. On curved alignment,
place the fence fabric on the post face on the outside of the curve. For
residential fences and fences off the right-of-way, place fence fabric
on the post face designated by the CO.

Place the fabric approximately 25 millimeters above the ground and on a
straight line between posts. Excavate high points of the ground to
maintain grade. Do not fill in depressions without prior approval.

Stretch the fabric taut and securely fasten the fabric to the posts. Do
not stretch using a motor vehicle. Use stretcher bars and fabric bands
to fasten to end, gate, corner, and pull posts or weave the fabric into
the fastening loops of roll-formed posts.

Fasten fabric to line posts using wire ties, metal bands, or other
approved method. Fasten the top and bottom edge of the fabric with tie
wires or hog rings to the top rail or tension wires, as applicable.

Join rolls of fabric by weaving a single strand into the ends of the
rolls to form a continuous mesh.

**(5) Gates.** Fasten fabric to the end bars of the gate frame by
stretcher bars and fabric bands. Fasten fabric to the top and bottom
bars of the gate frame by tie wires similar to the method specified for
fence fabric or by other approved standard methods.

Thoroughly clean welded connections on gate frames where the smelter
coating has been burned with a wire brush. Remove traces of the welding
flux and loose or cracked smelter. Paint the cleaned areas with two
coats of zinc-oxide paint.

Provide a concrete footing for the drop-bar locking device on double
metal gates. Make a hole to receive the locking bar to the depth
specified by the manufacturer of the locking device.

Hinge each single gate to prevent removal of the gate without tools. Set
the gate in an approximately horizontal plane. Set the gate so it swings
freely inward and outward and fastens securely in its latch holder, or
in the case of double gates, in its latch holder and gate stops. Set
double gates on their respective hinge pintles to provide a common
horizontal plane in which each single gate swings. Set gates to swing
open at least 90 degrees in each direction.

**(c) Wire fences and gates.**

**(1) Posts.** Excavate holes for posts, footings, and anchors as shown.
Space posts at intervals shown for the type of fence being installed.
Measure post spacing interval parallel to the existing ground slope. Set
posts in a vertical position. Backfill post holes in 150‑millimeter
lifts. Tamp and compact each lift.

Wood posts may be driven in place if the method of driving does not
damage the post. Metal posts may be driven. Set metal corner, gate, end,
and pull posts in concrete.

Where solid rock is encountered without overburden, drill line post
holes at least 350 millimeters deep and end, corner, gate, and pull
posts at least 500 millimeters deep in the solid rock. Make the hole
width or diameter at least 25 millimeters greater than the post width or
diameter. Cut the post to the required length before installation or
drill the hole deep enough to set the post at the required height. Set
and plumb the post and fill the hole with grout. Thoroughly work the
grout into the hole to eliminate voids. Crown the grout to drain water
away from the post. Metal posts set in this manner do not require anchor
plates and concrete footings.

Where solid rock is covered with soil or loose rock overburden, set
posts to the plan depth or to the minimum depth into the solid rock as
specified above, whichever is less. When the depth of overburden is
greater than 300 millimeters, use an anchor plate on steel line posts
and backfill steel end, corner, gate, and pull posts with concrete from
the solid rock to top of the ground. When the depth of overburden is 300
millimeters or less, anchor plates and concrete backfill are not
required. Grout the portion of the post in solid rock.

Install corner posts at changes in alignment of 30 degrees or more.
Where new fence joins an existing fence, set end or corner posts, as
necessary, and attach in a manner satisfactory to the CO.

**(2) Braces.** Limit fence runs to no more than 200 meters between
adjacent corner braces, gate braces, end braces, or line braces. Install
line braces at uniform intervals so the distance between any two braces
is 200 meters or less. Construct braces before placing the fence fabric
and wires on posts.

*(a) Metal braces.* Provide corner posts and pull posts with two braces,
one each direction from the post in the main fence line. Provide end
posts and gate posts with one brace in the line of the fence. Attach
metal braces to the metal end, corner, pull, and gate posts and set in
concrete as shown.

*(b) Wood braces.* Tap the posts to receive the braces. Anchor the brace
to the post with three 16d nails or a 10 by 100-millimeter dowel.
Install brace wires as shown and twist together until the entire
assembly is taut and firm. Lightly notch the posts to position the brace
wire. Drive three staples at each notch to secure wire.

**(3) Barbed wire and woven wire.** Place barbed wire and woven wire on
the side of the post facing away from the highway. On curved alignment,
place the barbed wire and the woven wire on the post face on the outside
of the curve. Tightly stretch and fasten barbed wire and woven wire to
the posts.

Apply tension according to the manufacturer\'s recommendations using a
mechanical stretcher or other device designed for such use. Evenly
distribute the pull over the longitudinal wires in the woven wire so not
more than 50 percent of the original depth of the tension curves is
removed. Do not use a motor vehicle to stretch the wire.

Splicing of barbed wire and woven wire between posts is permitted
provided not more than two splices, spaced a minimum of 15 meters apart,
occur in any one run of fence. Use wrap or telephone type splices for
the longitudinal woven wire and barbed wire with each end wrapped around
the other wire for not less than six complete turns.

**(4) Fastening barbed wire and woven wire.** Terminate the woven wire
and barbed wire at each end, corner, gate, and pull post. Wrap each line
of barbed wire and each longitudinal wire of the woven wire around the
post and then itself with at least four turns. Where wood posts are
used, staple the wires tightly to the posts.

At line posts, fasten the woven wire to the post at top and bottom and
at intermediate points not exceeding 300 millimeters apart. Fasten each
strand of barbed wire to each line post. Use wire ties or clamps to
fasten the wires to metal posts. Securely splice tie wires to the fence
on both sides of the post so there are two loops behind the post and one
loop in front. On wood line posts, drive U-shaped staples diagonally
across the wood grain so that both points do not enter between the same
grain. In depressions where wire uplift occurs, drive staples with
points slightly upward. On level ground and over knolls, slope the
points slightly downward. Drive the staples just short of actual contact
with the wires to permit free longitudinal movement of those lines and
to prevent damage to the protective coating.

At grade depressions, alignment angles, and other locations where
stresses tending to pull posts from the ground or out of alignment are
created, snub or guy the wire fence. Attach the guy wire to each strand
of barbed wire and to the top and bottom wires of woven wire in a manner
to maintain the entire fence in its normal shape. Attach the guy wire to
a deadman anchor buried not less than 600 millimeters in the ground or
to an approved anchor at a point that best serves to resist the pull of
the wire fence. If necessary to guy the fence in solid rock, grout the
guy wire in a hole 50 millimeters in diameter and 250 millimeters deep.
Deadman may also be fastened to posts. Place the deadman anchors at
locations as directed.

Where required, install vertical cinch stays as shown. Twist the wire to
permit weaving into the horizontal fence wires to provide rigid spacing.
Weave barbed wires and the top, middle, and bottom wire of the woven
wire, as applicable, into the cinch stay.

Where existing fence intersects the new fence, cut the existing fence
materials or, splice in kind, new material as necessary, and fasten each
longitudinal wire of the woven wire and each strand of the barbed wire
to a new end post in line with or immediately adjacent to the new fence
line.

**(5) Gate installation.**

*(a) Wire gates.* Construct wire gates of the same material as the fence
and as shown. Provide a taut and well-aligned closure of the opening,
capable of being readily opened and closed by hand.

*(b) Metal gates.* Install metal gates and fittings to gate posts
previously set. Firmly attach the fittings to the posts and gates. Hinge
each single gate to prevent removal of the gate without tools. Set the
gate in an approximately horizontal plane. Set the gate so it swings
freely inward and outward and fastens securely in its latch holder, or
in the case of double gates, in its latch holder and gate stops. Set
double gates and their respective pintles to provide a common horizontal
plane in which each single gate swings. Set gates to swing open at least
90 degrees in each direction.

For double gates, provide a drop-bar locking device with a concrete
footing 300 millimeters in diameter and 300 millimeters deep. Crown the
top of the footing and make a hole to receive the locking bar. Make the
diameter and depth of the hole in the footing as specified by the
manufacturer of the locking device.

*(c) Wood gates.* Install wood gates similar to metal gates and as
shown.

**619.04 Grounding Fences.** Where an electric line crosses the fence
line, ground the fence. Drive a 2.5-meter long, 13-millimeter minimum
diameter galvanized or copper coated steel rod into the ground under the
fence directly below the point of crossing. Drive the rod vertically
until the top is 150 millimeters below the ground surface. Connect the
grounding rod to each fence element with a 5-millimeter diameter solid
copper conductor or equivalent. Either braze the connections or fasten
with noncorrosive clamps.

Where an electric line runs parallel or nearly parallel to and above the
fence, ground the fence at each end or gate post or at intervals not
exceeding 500 meters.

Where vertical penetration of the grounding rod cannot be accomplished,
use an equivalent horizontal grounding system.

**619.05 Remove and Reset Fence.** Remove existing fence and reset to
approximately the same condition as the original fence. Salvage material
in the existing fence and incorporate the material into the reset fence.
When posts are set in concrete, remove concrete from old post and reset
in concrete. Replace fence material damaged beyond reuse. Firmly reset
posts on new alignment. Space posts and attach the horizontal members or
wires to posts the same as the original fence. Furnish and use new
material to fasten members or wires to posts.

**619.06 Temporary Fence.** When necessary, construct temporary fence to
keep livestock and traffic off the road being constructed. Temporary
fence is intended to remain in place only during the construction of the
project or until the fence is directed to be removed.

Construct a temporary fence of a type that provides an adequate
enclosure for the type of livestock to be confined.

**619.07 Cattle Guards.**

**(a) Excavating and backfilling.** Perform the work described under
Section 209. Excavate foundation to depth with sufficient space for
proper installation of formwork.

When the cattle guard is to be installed on new embankment, complete and
compact the embankment according to Section 204 before excavating for
footing.

**(b) Concrete foundation.** Construct cast-in-place concrete
foundations according to Section 601. Concrete cattleguard units may be
cast-in-place or precast. Set precast units in the foundation concrete
before it hardens..

Finish stringer bearings to allow full bearing under each stringer. The
cattle guard shall rest on the concrete without rocking.

**(c) Cattle guard**. Fabricate cattle guard according to Section 555.
Assemble and place guards as shown on the plans. Securely fasten the
cattle guard to the foundation. Fasten the metal wings to the cattle
guard as shown on the plans. Connect fences and gates according to the
plans. Weld according to ANSI/AASHTO/AWS D1.5.

Standard manufactured cattle guards may be used if approved. Designs
shall provide for AASHTO loading M-18. Provide suitable cleanouts.
Prepare and submit drawings according to Subsection 104.03. Acceptance
of the drawings covers the requirements for strength and detail only. No
responsibility is assumed for errors in dimensions.

**(d) Painting.** All metal parts shall receive one shop coat. Two
additional coats are required and may be applied in the shop or in the
field. Paint according to Section 563.

**619.08 Bollards.** Drill holes for bollards. Set posts plumb, backfill
with approved material, and compact.

**619.09 Acceptance.** Material for fences, gates, cattle guards, and
bollards will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Construction and erection of fences, gates, cattle guards, and bollards
will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and backfill for cattle guards will be evaluated under
Section 209.

Structural steel work for cattle guards will be evaluated under Section
555.

Painting of cattle guards will be evaluated under Section 563.

Concrete work for cattle guards will be evaluated under Section 601.

Measurement

**619.10** Measure the Section 619 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

**619.11** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 619 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 620. --- STONE MASONRY

Description

**620.01** This work consists of constructing or rehabilitating stone
masonry structures and the stone masonry portions of composite
structures.

Masonry class is designated according to Subsection 705.03 and as
follows:

**(a) Dimensioned masonry.** Stones are cut in two or more dimensions
and laid in a broken‑course pattern in mortar.

**(b) Class A masonry.** Stones are shaped, dressed to within 6
millimeters of true line, and laid in mortar.

**(c) Class B masonry.** Stones are shaped, dressed to within 19
millimeters of true line, and laid in mortar.

**(d) Rubble masonry.** Stones vary in size and shape, are roughly
dressed, and laid in random courses in mortar.

Finish for exposed faces is designated according to Subsection
705.03(f).

Material

**620.02** Conform to the following Section and Subsections:

Concrete 601

Grout 725.22(f)

Mortar 712.05(a)

Rock for masonry structures 705.03

Construction Requirements

**620.03 General.** Furnish stone that matches the native stone on the
project. Submit stone samples representing the range of colors and sizes
to be used on the project to the CO 14 days before beginning work.

Keep an adequate inventory of the stone on the site to provide an ample
variety of stones for the masons. When additional stone is added, mix
the new stone with the existing stone in a uniform pattern and color.

Excavate and backfill according to Section 209. Prepare the foundation
bed normal to, or in steps normal to, the face of the masonry. Where
foundation masonry is used, clean the bearing surface thoroughly and wet
immediately before spreading the mortar bed.

**620.04 Placing Stone.** Place stone to provide a uniform pattern and
color. Do not place stone masonry when the ambient temperature is below
0 °C. Maintain completed masonry at a temperature above 4 °C for 24
hours after construction. Clean all stones thoroughly and moisten
immediately before placing. Clean and moisten the bed.

When removing and resetting stone masonry, use hand tools to clean the
exposed faces of the stones of all mortar before resetting.

Spread the mortar. The thicknesses of beds and joints for face stones
are as shown in Table 620--1. Ring stone joints on the faces and soffits
are not less than 6 millimeters or more than 38 millimeters thick.
However, make the bed of each course of uniform thickness throughout.

Construct joints in dimensioned masonry vertical. In all other masonry,
joints may be at angles with the vertical from 0 to 45 degrees.

Level the cross beds for vertical walls. Beds for battered walls may
vary from level to normal to the batter line of the face of the wall.

Lay the stones with the longest face horizontal and the exposed face
parallel to the masonry face. Flush the joints with mortar.

Do not jar or displace the stones already set. If a stone is loosened
after the mortar has taken initial set, remove it, clean off the mortar,
and relay the stone with fresh mortar.

Table 620-1

Masonry Bed and Joint Thicknesses

+---------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| **Class**           | **Beds**              | **Joints**            |
|                     |                       |                       |
|                     | **(millimeters)**     | **(millimeters)**     |
+---------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| Rubble              | 13 - 64               | 13 - 64               |
+---------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| Class B             | 13 - 50               | 13 - 50               |
+---------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| Class A             | 13 - 50               | 13 - 38               |
+---------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| Dimensioned         | 10 - 25               | 19 - 25               |
+---------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+

**620.05 Pointing.** Conform to the following:

**(a) Pointing new joints.** Crown the mortar in the joints on top
surfaces slightly at the center of the masonry to provide drainage.

Where raked joints are required, squarely rake all mortar in exposed
face joints and beds to the required depth. Where weather joints are
required, slightly rake the joints. Do not leave the mortar flush with
the stone faces.

Clean all face stone of mortar stains while the mortar is fresh. After
the mortar sets, clean again using wire brushes and acid. Protect the
masonry during hot or dry weather and keep it wet for at least 3 days
after the work is completed.

**(b) Repointing joints.** Remove loose mortar from joints using a small
mason's chisel, small pneumatically-power chisel, or other raking tool
approved by the CO. Do not use power saws or grinders. Demonstrate
proficiency if power equipment is used before removing mortar from the
structure. Remove mortar to a depth of 2 ½ times the width of the joint.
Remove any dirt or vegetation with a wire brush or other tools approved
by CO. Clean joint of all loose fragments and dust with pressurized air
or water.

Before filling the joint dampen adjacent stone. Do not place mortar to a
depth greater than 2 ½ times the joint width. Place mortar in layers of
approximately 6 millimeters for joints deeper than 2.5 millimeters. Add
successive layers, once mortar has reached thumb-print hardness. Tool
the final layer to match the approved joint appearance. Construct a 1
meter test section of joint along the structure to be approval by the CO
before continuing with work. Approved test section maybe incorporated
into the work.

Clean excess mortar and stain from stone masonry using a bristle brush
after the mortar has dried but before the initial set. Do not use
chemicals for cleaning unless approved by the CO. Protect joints during
hot or dry weather by keeping damp for 3 days after work has been
completed.

**620.06 Constructing Walls.** Construct an L--shaped sample section of
wall not less than 1.5 meters high and 2.5 meters long, showing examples
of face wall, top wall, method of turning corners, and method of forming
joints. Do not construct masonry other than the foundation masonry
before the sample is approved.

Set face stones in random bond to produce the effect shown on the plans
and to correspond with the approved sample section. Do not extend beds
in an unbroken line through more than 5 stones and joints through more
than 2 stones. Bond each face stone with all contiguous face stones at
least 150 millimeters longitudinally and 50 millimeters vertically. Do
not construct so that the corners of four stones are adjacent to each
other.

Do not bunch small stones or stones of the same size, color, or texture.
In general, the stones decrease in size from the bottom to the top of
work. Use large stones for the bottom courses and large, selected stones
in the corners.

**(a) Headers.** Where required, distribute headers uniformly throughout
the walls of structures to form at least 20 percent of the faces.

**(b) Backing.** Construct the backing out of large stones. Bond the
individual stones composing the backing and heart with the stones in the
face wall and with each other. Fill all openings and interstices in the
backing completely with mortar or with spalls surrounded completely by
mortar.

**(c) Coping.** Construct copings as shown on the plans. Where copings
are not called for, finish the top of the wall with stones wide enough
to cover the top of the wall from 0.5 to 1.5 meters in length, and of
random heights, with a minimum height of 150 millimeters. Lay stones in
a manner that the top course is an integral part of the wall. Pitch the
tops of the top courses of stone to line in both vertical and horizontal
planes.

**(d) Parapet walls.** Use selected stones, squared and pitched to line
and with heads dressed in the ends of parapet walls and in all exposed
angles and corners. Interlock headers with as many headers as possible
extending entirely through the wall. Interlock both the headers and
stretchers in the 2 faces of the wall. The headers and stretchers shall
comprise practically the whole volume of the wall. Completely fill all
interstices and spalls with mortar.

**(e) Weep holes.** Provide weep holes for all walls and abutments.
Place weep holes at the lowest points where free outlets can be obtained
and space them no more than 3 meters center to center.

**620.07 Facing for Concrete.**

**(a) Stone placed before concrete.** Make the back of the masonry
uneven to improve the bond to the concrete backing.

Use no. 10M reinforcing steel bent into an elongated letter S to anchor
the stone. Embed each anchor in a mortar bed to within 50 millimeters
from the face of the stones. Project the other end ±250 millimeters into
the concrete backing. Space the anchors 0.5 meter apart both
horizontally and vertically.

After the mortar has attained sufficient strength, clean the back
masonry surface of all dirt, loose material, and mortar drippings. Wash
surfaces just before placing the concrete using a high-pressure water
jet.

When placing the concrete, carry a neat cement grout of the consistency
of cream on top of the concrete and against the masonry at all times.
Coat all interstices in the back of the masonry with grout.

**(b) Concrete placed before stone.** Allow a facing thickness as shown
on the plans. Set galvanized metal slots with anchors in the concrete
face. Set the anchors vertically at a horizontal spacing not exceeding
600 millimeters. Place a temporary filling of felt or other material in
the slots to prevent filling with concrete.

Where setting the stone facing, fit the metal anchors tightly in the
slots at an average vertical spacing of 600 millimeters. Bend at least
25 percent of the anchors at a short right angle to engage a recess cut
in the stone. Extend the anchors to within 75 millimeters of the exposed
face of the stone work.

Where the shape of the concrete face is unsuitable for the use of metal
slots, use 3.8‑millimeter galvanized iron wire ties at a rate of 7 ties
for each square meter of exposed surface. Install ties after the
concrete has cured using a gun.

Keep the concrete face continuously wet for 2 hours preceding the
placing of the stone and fill spaces between the stones and concrete
with mortar.

**620.08 Constructing Arches.** Prepare and submit drawings for
falsework according to Section 562. Stratify arch ring stones parallel
to the radial joint and stratify other stones parallel to the beds.

Lay out a full‑size template of the arch ring near the quarry site
showing face dimensions of each ring stone and thickness of joints.
Receive approval before the shaping of any ring stone is started and
place no ring stone in the structure until all ring stones have been
shaped and dressed.

Construct arch centering according to the approved drawings. Provide
suitable wedges for adjusting the elevation of the forms.

Set arch ring stones to the exact position and hold in place with
hardwood wedges until the joints are packed with mortar. When required,
support centering with approved jacks to correct settlement after
masonry placement begins. Lower the centering gradually and
symmetrically to avoid overstresses in the arch. Make the arch
self‑supporting before the railing or coping is placed.

For filled spandrel arches, strike the centers before constructing the
spandrel walls to avoid jamming of the expansion joints. Place the
backfill so the ring is uniformly and symmetrically loaded.

**620.09 Guardwall.** Use rubble masonry. Concrete corewalls for
guardwall may be cast-in-place or precast units according to Section
601. Concrete will have a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 25
megapascals.

Construct an 8-meter sample section of guardwall. Do not construct
additional guardwall before the sample is approved.

Construct the guardwall true and uniform along its length with no stone
projecting more than 38 millimeters. Make mortar beds and joints
according to Table 620-1. Rake the joints and beds to a depth of 50
millimeters on the front and top sides and to 38 millimeters on the
back.

Use a one-piece capstone for the full width of the guardwall for at
least 25 percent of the total length. Use a two-piece capstone with the
joint within 100 millimeters of the guardwall center for the remaining
length.

Place all stones, including the capstones, randomly to avoid a pattern.
Lay stones to reflect the width of the expansion joints. Do not leave a
gap or a mortar edge at the expansion joint. Use various size stones to
coin or key the corners of the guardwall.

**620.10 Acceptance.** See Table 620-2 for sampling and testing
requirements.

Material for mortar will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.03. Mortar will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Rock for masonry structures will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02
and 106.04.

Construction or rehabilitation stone masonry structures will be
evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Concrete will be evaluated under Section 601.

Measurement

**620.11** Measure the Section 620 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure stone masonry by the cubic meter in the structure.

Do not measure sample wall sections not incorporated in the work.

Measure stone masonry guardwall including terminal sections.

Measure remove and reset stone masonry by the cubic meter in the
structure after resetting.

Measure repoint stone masonry along the centerline of joint.

Payment

**620.12** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 620 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for all work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

+---------------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
| Table 620-2         | **Reporting       | ---                       |
|                     | Time**            |                           |
| Sampling and        |                   |                           |
| Testing and         |                   |                           |
| Requirements        |                   |                           |
+---------------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
|                     | **Split**         | ---                       |
|                     |                   |                           |
|                     | **Sample**        |                           |
+---------------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
|                     | **Point of        | Job site                  |
|                     | Sampling**        |                           |
+---------------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
|                     | **Sampling**      | 1 per                     |
|                     |                   |                           |
|                     | **Frequency**     | installation              |
+---------------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
|                     | **Test Methods    | AASHTO T 23               |
|                     | Specifications**  |                           |
|                     |                   | & T 22                    |
+---------------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
|                     | **Category**      | ---                       |
+---------------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
|                     | *                 | Making test specimens     |
|                     | *Characteristic** | Compressive strength      |
+---------------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
|                     | **Type of         | Measured and tested       |
|                     | Acceptance        |                           |
|                     | (Subsection)**    | for conformance (106.04)  |
+---------------------+-------------------+---------------------------+
|                     | **Material or     | Mortar                    |
|                     | Product**         |                           |
|                     |                   | (712.05)                  |
+---------------------+-------------------+---------------------------+

## Section 621. --- MONUMENTS AND MARKERS

Description

**621.01** This work consists of constructing right‑of‑way monuments,
maintenance markers, and similar monuments or posts.

Material

**621.02** Conform to the following Section and Subsections:

Concrete 601

Reinforcing steel 709.01

Treated structural timber and lumber 716.03

Untreated structural timber and lumber 716.01

Construction Requirements

**621.03** **Monuments and Markers.** Locate permanent points according
to Section 152. Excavate and backfill according to Section 209. Set each
monument and marker vertically at the required location and elevation.
Monuments may be cast-in-place or precast according to Section 601.
Backfill and compact around the monument or marker to ensure that it is
held firmly in place.

**621.04 Acceptance.** Material (except concrete and paint) for
monuments and markers will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.03.

Construction of monuments and markers will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Location of permanent points will be evaluated under Section 152.

Structural excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Concrete will be evaluated under Section 601.

Paint will be evaluated under Section 563.

Measurement

**621.05** Measure the Section 621 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

**621.06** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 621 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 622. --- RENTAL EQUIPMENT

Description

**622.01** This work consists of furnishing and operating equipment for
construction work ordered by the CO and not otherwise provided for under
the contract.

Construction Requirements

**622.02 Rental Equipment.** The CO will order in writing rental
equipment for use on the project. Submit the model number and serial
number for each piece of equipment before use. Make equipment available
for inspection and approval before use.

Furnish and operate equipment with such auxiliary attachments, oilers,
etc., as are usually needed for efficient operation of the equipment.
Keep the equipment in good repair and capable of operating 90 percent of
the working time.

Obtain approval of the length of workday and workweek before beginning
work. Keep daily records of the number of unit‑hours of operation.
Submit the records along with certified copies of the payroll.

**622.03 Acceptance.** Rental equipment work will be evaluated under
Subsection 106.02.

Measurement

**622.04** Measure the Section 622 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Round portions of an hour up to the next half hour. Measure time in
excess of 40 hours per week at the same rate as the first 40 hours.

Measure time for moving equipment between project work sites. Do not
measure nonoperable equipment or equipment dependent upon another piece
of nonoperable equipment.

Payment

**622.05** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 622 pay item listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 623. --- GENERAL LABOR

Description

**623.01** This work consists of furnishing workers and hand tools for
construction work ordered by the CO and not otherwise provided for under
the contract.

Construction Requirements

**623.02 Workers and Equipment.** Furnish competent workers and
appropriate hand tools for the work.

Obtain approval of the length of workday and workweek before beginning
work. Keep daily records of the number of hours worked. Submit the
records along with certified copies of the payroll.

**623.03 Acceptance.** General labor work will be evaluated under
Subsection 106.02.

Measurement

**623.04** Measure the Section 623 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Round portions of an hour up to the next half hour. Measure time in
excess of 40 hours per week at the same rate as the first 40 hours.

Do not measure time for workers\' transportation.

Payment

**623.05** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 623 pay item listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 624. --- TOPSOIL

Description

**624.01** This work consists of furnishing and placing topsoil and
placing conserved topsoil.

Material

**624.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Furnished topsoil 713.01(a)

Conserved topsoil 713.01(b)

Construction Requirements

**624.03 Preparing Areas.** Shape all slopes and disturbed areas to be
covered with topsoil. Disk or scarify slopes 1:3 or flatter to a depth
of 100 millimeters.

**624.04 Placing Topsoil.** Provide at least 7 days notice before the
start of topsoil placement. Do not place topsoil when the ground or
topsoil is frozen, excessively wet, or otherwise in a condition
detrimental to the work. Use all conserved topsoil before furnishing
topsoil. Keep the roadway surfaces clean during hauling and spreading
operations.

Spread topsoil to a depth that, after settlement, provides the required
depth. Break clods and lumps with harrows, disks, or other appropriate
equipment to provide a uniform textured soil. Remove and dispose of
clods and stones larger than 50 millimeters, stumps, roots, and other
litter according to Subsection 203.05.

Construct longitudinal depressions at least 50 millimeters deep
perpendicular to the natural flow of water without overly compacting the
topsoil surface.

**624.05 Acceptance.** Material for furnished topsoil will be evaluated
under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Material for conserved topsoil will be evaluated under Subsection
106.02.

Placing furnished and conserved topsoil material will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

**624.06** Measure the Section 624 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure furnishing and placing topsoil by the cubic meter in the hauling
vehicle or by the hectare on the ground surface.

Measure placing conserved topsoil by the cubic meter in the hauling
vehicle or by the hectare on the ground surface.

Payment

**624.07** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 624 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 625. --- TURF ESTABLISHMENT

Description

**625.01** This work consists of soil preparation, watering,
fertilizing, seeding, and mulching.

Seeding and mulching methods are designated as dry or hydraulic.

Material

**625.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Agricultural limestone 713.02

Fertilizer 713.03

Mulch 713.05

Seed 713.04

Stabilizing emulsion tackifiers 713.12

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**625.03 General.** Apply turf establishment to finished slopes and
ditches within 14 days after completion of construction on a portion of
the site. Do not seed during windy weather or when the ground is
excessively wet, frozen, snow covered, extremely dry, cloddy, hard pan,
or not friable.

**625.04 Preparing Seedbed.** Grade the seeding area to line and grade.
Remove all weeds, sticks, stones 50 millimeters in diameter and larger,
and other debris detrimental to application, growth, or maintenance of
the turf.

If required by the contract, apply limestone and grubproofing.

Cultivate the seeding area to a minimum depth of 100 millimeters and
prepare a firm but friable seedbed before seeding. Do not cultivate
aggregate-topsoil courses that were previously dry seeded under Section
305.

**625.05 Watering.** Moisten seeding areas before seeding and maintain
the moisture until 10 days after germination.

**625.06 Fertilizing.** Apply fertilizer by the following methods:

**(a) Dry method.** Incorporate the fertilizer into the upper portion of
the seedbed before seeding.

**(b) Hydraulic method.** Add fertilizer to the slurry and mix before
adding seed. Apply the seed and fertilizer in one application.

**625.07 Seeding.** Apply seed by the following methods:

**(a) Dry method.** Apply the seed with approved power driven seeders,
drills, or other mechanical equipment. Hand-operated seeding methods are
satisfactory on areas inaccessible to mechanical equipment. Lightly
compact the seedbed within 24 hours after seeding.

**(b) Hydraulic method.** Use hydraulic-type equipment capable of
providing a uniform application using water as the carrying agent. Add a
tracer material consisting of either wood or grass cellulose fiber mulch
to the water. Apply the tracer material at a rate of 450 kilograms per
hectare to provide visible evidence of uniform application. Add the seed
to the water slurry no more than 30 minutes before application. Seed by
hand areas inaccessible to seeding equipment.

**625.08 Mulching.** Apply mulch within 48 hours after seeding by the
following methods:

**(a) Dry method.** Spread all mulch material, except wood and grass
cellulose fibers, by a mulch spreader utilizing forced air to blow the
mulch material onto the seeded area. Apply straw mulch at a rate of 3600
kilograms per hectare. Anchor the mulch material with an approved
stabilizing emulsion tackifier or approved mechanical method. Do not
mark or deface structures, pavements, utilities, or plant growth with
tackifier.

**(b) Hydraulic method.** Apply mulch in a separate application from the
seed using hydraulic-type equipment according to Subsection 625.07(b).

Apply wood fiber or grass straw cellulose fiber mulch at a rate of 1700
kilograms per hectare.

Apply bonded fiber matrix hydraulic mulch at a minimum rate of 3400
kilograms per hectare. Apply so no hole in the matrix is greater than 1
millimeter. Apply so that no gaps exist between the matrix and the soil.

Mulch by hand areas inaccessible to mulching equipment.

**625.09 Protecting and Caring for Seeded Areas.** Protect and care for
seeded areas including watering when needed until final acceptance.
Repair all damage to seeded areas by reseeding, refertilizing, and
remulching. Apply supplemental applications of seed, mulch, fertilizer,
lime, or ammonium nitrate.

**625.10 Acceptance.** Seed will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02,
106.03, and 713.04.

Mulch, fertilizer, and other turf establishment material will be
evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Turf establishment work will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.04.

Measurement

**625.11** Measure the Section 625 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure seeding and mulching by the hectare on the ground surface or by
the slurry unit. A slurry unit consists of approximately 4000 liters of
water plus the specified turf establishment material. Ten slurry units
contain the material to cover one hectare.

Measure turf establishment and supplemental applications by the hectare
on the ground surface.

Measure water by the cubic meter in the hauling vehicle or by metering.

Payment

**625.12** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 625 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 626. --- PLANTS, TREES, SHRUBS, VINES, AND GROUNDCOVERS

Description

**626.01** This work consists of furnishing and planting trees, shrubs,
vines, groundcovers, and other plants.

Material

**626.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Fertilizer 713.03

Miscellaneous planting material 713.08

Mulch 713.05

Plant material 713.06

Topsoil 713.01

Water 725.01(b)

Construction Requirements

**626.03 General.** Do not plant in frozen ground, when snow covers the
ground, or when the soil is saturated, extremely dry, cloddy, hard pan,
not friable, or is otherwise unsatisfactory for planting.

Furnish stock with a fibrous, cohesive root system. Do not provide
container-grown stock that is pot‑bound, that has a top system out of
proportion (larger) to the size of the container, or that has roots
growing out of the container.

**626.04 Inspecting and Delivering.** Notify the CO 30 days in advance
of the delivery of material to permit the CO the opportunity to select
material at the source. Submit commercial certifications and complete
written information concerning the source of supply for all plant
material at least 15 days before delivery of plants to the project.

**626.05 Protection and Temporary Storage.** Package plants to provide
protection against climate and breakage during transit. When shipment is
made by open vehicle, tie and cover plant materials to prevent wind
damage and dehydration. Spray evergreen and deciduous trees in leaf with
an anti-transpirant according to the manufacturer's instructions. When
shipment is made by closed vehicle, carefully pack and adequately
ventilate plants to prevent "sweating."

Keep all plant material moist and exercise care to prevent damage to
bark, branches, and root systems. Replace all damaged plants including
plants with cracked or crushed root balls.

Tag each plant delivered to the project with a weatherproof tag showing
the plant name and date of delivery.

Protect plants delivered, but not scheduled for immediate planting, as
follows:

**(a)** Open the bundles of bare root material, separate plants, and
cover the roots in moist trenches.

**(b)** Cover the earth balls of balled and burlapped material with
mulch or other suitable material and keep moist.

Install all plant material received on site within 30 days.

**626.06 Excavation for Plant Pits and Beds.** At least 14 days before
planting, submit planting locations and methods of planting to the CO
for approval. Mark planting locations with stakes or flagging. Remove
all sod, weeds, roots, and other unsuitable material from the planting
site. Excavate plant pits as follows:

**(a) Width of excavation.**

**(1)** For root spread or ball diameters up to 1 meter, dig the pits
circular in outline to the root spread plus 0.5 meter.

**(2)** For root spreads or ball diameters over 1 meter, excavate 1.5
times the root spread.

**(b) Depth of excavation.** Dig the pits to a depth that permits a
minimum of 150 millimeters of backfill under the roots or balls or dig
the pits to the following depths, whichever is deeper:

**(1) Deciduous trees.**

*(a) Under 38 millimeters caliper.* 0.5 meter deep

*(b) Over 38 millimeters caliper.* 1 meter deep

**(2) Deciduous and evergreen shrubs.**

*(a) Under 0.5 meter height.* 0.3 meters deep

*(b) Over 0.5 meter height.* 0.5 meters deep

**(3) Evergreen trees.**

*(a) Under 1.5 meters height.* 0.2 meters plus ball height

*(b) Over 1.5 meters height.* 0.3 meters plus ball height

**(4) Vines and groundcovers.** Double the size of the pot.

Loosen soil at the sidewalls and bottom of the plant pit to a depth of
150 millimeters before setting the plant.

Do not leave planting holes open overnight.

**626.07 Setting Plants.** Do not plant material until inspected and
approved by the CO. Plants not meeting specifications, arriving on site
in an unsatisfactory condition, or showing sign of improper handling
will be rejected. Immediately remove and dispose of all rejected plants
off site and replace with approved nursery stock.

Prepare a backfill mixture of 4 parts topsoil, loam, or selected soil to
one part peat moss. Place backfill mixture in the bottom of the plant
pit. Set all plants approximately plumb and at the same level or
slightly lower than the depth at which they were grown in the nursery or
collected in the field. Set plants as follows:

**(a) Bare root stock.** Place bare rooted plants in the center of the
plant pit with the roots properly spread in a natural position. Cut
broken or damaged roots back to sound root growth. Work backfill mixture
around and over the roots, tamp as hole is being filled, and water
thoroughly.

**(b) Balled and burlapped stock.** Handle and move plants by the ball.
Place balled and burlapped plants in the prepared pits on tamped
backfill mixture. Score the root ball to a depth of 25 millimeters along
the entire side equally on 4 sides. Backfill around the plant ball to
half the depth of the ball. Tamp and thoroughly water. Cut the burlap
and remove it from the upper half of the ball or loosen the burlap and
fold it back. If wire baskets are used cut the wire from the upper half
of the basket. Backfill the remainder of the plant with backfill
mixture.

**(c) Container-grown stock.** Remove the container just before
planting. Place plants in the prepared pits on tamped backfill mixture.
Backfill the remainder of the plant with backfill mixture and tamp.

**626.08 Fertilizing.** Fertilize using either of the following methods:

**(a)** Mix the fertilizer with the backfill mixture when it is
prepared.

**(b)** Spread the fertilizer uniformly around the pit area of
individual plants or over shrub beds. Cultivate the fertilizer into the
top 50 millimeters of the backfill mixture.

**626.09 Watering.** Construct 100-millimeter deep water basins around
trees and 75‑millimeter deep water basins around shrubs. Make the
diameter of the basin equal to that of the plant pit.

Water plants during and immediately after planting and throughout the
plant establishment period. Saturate the soil around each plant at each
watering.

**626.10 Guying and Staking.** When guying and staking is specified, guy
deciduous trees just below the first lateral branch and guy evergreen
trees half way up the height of the tree. Do not leave the guys and
stakes on a tree for more than one growing season.

**626.11 Pruning.** Prune before or immediately after planting to
preserve the natural character of each plant. Use experienced personnel
to perform the pruning. Use accepted horticultural practice. Paint cuts
over 20 millimeters in diameter with tree wound dressing.

**626.12 Mulching.** Place mulch within 24 hours after planting. Place
mulch material over all pit or water basin areas of individual trees and
shrubs and over the entire shrub bed. If wood fiber is used, apply
nitrogen at the rate of 5 kilograms per cubic meter to the mulch
material.

**626.13 Plant Establishment Period.** The plant establishment period is
a one-year period beginning at the completion of the project. Employ all
necessary means to preserve the plants in a healthy growing condition
during the plant establishment period. Care during the establishment
period includes watering, cultivating, pruning, repairing, adjusting
guys and stakes, and controlling insects and disease. At the end of the
plant establishment period, remove all guys and stakes.

**626.14 Acceptance.** Plant material (including plants, fertilizer,
mulch, and topsoil) will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.03.

Planting of trees, shrubs, vines, groundcovers and other plants will be
evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04 and as follows:

An inspection of the plant material will be made about 15 days before
the end of the plant establishment period to identify all dead, dying,
or diseased plants for removal and replacement. During the following
planting season, remove and replace all identified plants according to
this Section. A final inspection of all plant material within 15 days
after completion of all replacement planting will be the basis for final
acceptance.

Measurement

**626.15** Measure the Section 626 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

**626.16** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 626 pay item listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Progress payments for plants will be made as follows:

**(a)** 75 percent of the unit bid price will be paid following initial
planting.

**(b)** The remaining 25 percent of the unit bid price will be paid
after the final inspection.

## Section 627. --- SOD

Description

**627.01** This work consists of furnishing and placing living sod of
perennial turf‑forming grasses.

Sod placement is designated as solid, strip, or spot according to
Subsection 627.06.

Material

**627.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Agricultural limestone 713.02

Fertilizer 713.03

Pegs for sod 713.11

Sod 713.10

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**627.03 General.** Move and lay sod during dry weather and on dry,
unfrozen ground.

**627.04 Inspecting and Delivering.** Provide at least 3 days notice
before cutting sod. The CO will approve the sod in its original position
before cutting. Do not deliver sod until the soil is prepared.

**627.05 Preparing the Soil.** Clear and grade the area to be sodded.
Cultivate, disk, harrow, or otherwise loosen the grade to a depth of not
less than 100 millimeters. Remove stones larger than 50 millimeters in
any diameter, sticks, stumps, and other debris that might interfere with
the proper placement or subsequent growth.

Topsoil according to Section 624.

Apply fertilizer and agricultural limestone uniformly over the sodding
area. Mechanical spreaders or blower equipment may be used. Disk or till
the fertilizer and limestone into the soil to a depth of 100
millimeters.

Moisten the prepared soil.

**627.06 Placing Sod.** Place sod within 24 hours after cutting or
within 5 days after cutting when the sod is stored in moist stacks,
grass-to-grass and roots-to-roots. Protect sod against drying and from
freezing.

**(a) Solid sod.** Place sod perpendicular to drainage flows. Place
sections of solid sod edge to edge with staggered joints. Plug openings
with sod or fill openings with acceptable loamy seeded topsoil. Roll or
tamp sod to eliminate air pockets and provide an even surface. On slopes
1:2 or steeper and in channels, peg sod on 0.5 meter centers after
rolling or tamping. Drive pegs flush with the sod bed surface.

**(b) Strip sod.** Lay strip sod in shallow trenches in parallel rows.
Firmly roll or tamp until the surface of the sod is level with or below
the adjacent soil. Seed the soil between the strips of sod according to
Section 625. Rake or drag the seeded areas to cover the seed.

**(c) Spot sod.** Place sod blocks. Roll or tamp the blocks into the
soil until the sod surfaces are slightly below the surrounding ground
surface.

Blend final grades with existing adjacent areas. Leave the entire area
drainable and free from abrupt changes in slope.

**627.07 Maintaining Sodded Areas.** Water sod when placing and keep
moist. Avoid erosion when watering.

Erect warning signs and barriers to protect newly sodded areas. Do not
allow wheeled vehicles on newly sodded areas.

Mow sodded areas and repair or replace sodded areas that are damaged or
fail to show a uniform growth of grass. Maintain sodded areas and
replace all nonliving sod until final acceptance of the project.

**627.08 Acceptance.** Material, including lime and fertilizer, for
sodding will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Sod placement will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Topsoil will be evaluated under Section 624.

Seed will be evaluated under Section 625.

Measurement

**627.09** Measure the Section 627 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Do not measure non-sodded areas adjacent to strip and spot sodding.

Measure topsoil under Section 624.

Measure water and seeding under Section 625.

Payment

**627.10** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 627 pay item listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 628. --- Reserved

## Section 629. --- ROLLED EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS AND CELLULAR CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS

Description

**629.01** This work consists of constructing temporary and permanent
installations to control erosion and enhance vegetation establishment
and survivability on slopes and channels. This work includes installing
rolled erosion control products (RECP) and cellular confinement systems.

RECP are designated according to Subsections 713.17, 713.18, and the
following:

**(a) Mulch control netting.** A planar woven natural fiber or extruded
geosynthetic mesh used as a temporary degradable RECP to anchor loose
fiber mulches.

**(b) Open weave textile.** A temporary degradable RECP composed of
processed natural or polymer yarns woven into a matrix, used to provide
erosion control and facilitate vegetation establishment.

**(c) Erosion control blanket.** A temporary degradable RECP composed of
processed natural or polymer fibers mechanically, structurally or
chemically bound together to form a continuous matrix to provide erosion
control and facilitate vegetation establishment.

**(d) Turf reinforcement mat.** A long term non-degradable RECP composed
of UV stabilized, non-degradable, synthetic fibers, filaments, nettings,
or wire mesh processed into three dimensional reinforcement matrices
designed for permanent and critical hydraulic applications where design
discharges exert velocities and shear stresses that exceed the limits of
mature, natural vegetation. Turf reinforcement mats provide sufficient
thickness, strength and void space to permit soil filling and retention
and the development of vegetation within the matrix.

Cellular confinement system cell depths are designated according to
Table 713-2.

Material

**629.02** Conform to the following Sections and Subsections:

Cellular confinement systems 713.07

Permanent RECP 713.18

Temporary RECP 713.17

Topsoil 624

Turf establishment 625

Construction Requirements

**629.03 General.** Make the soil surface stable, firm, and free of
rocks and other obstructions. Install RECP and cellular confinement
systems according to the manufacturer's recommendations and to the
following minimum guidelines. Apply turf establishment according to
Section 625.

In areas to be mowed soon after installation, use ultra-short term
temporary RECP consisting of rapidly degrading nettings with a service
life of 3 months or less.

**629.04 Mulch Control Netting (RECP, Types 1.A, 2.A, and 3.A).** Apply
mulch according to Subsection 625.08(a). Immediately after mulching,
install mulch control netting according to Subsection 629.05.

**629.05** **Erosion Control Blanket, Open Weave Textile, and Turf
Reinforcement Mat (RECP, Types 1.B, 1.C, 1.D, 2.B, 2.C, 2.D, 3.B, 4,
5.A, 5.B, and 5.C).** Unless soil in-filling is required, complete turf
establishment work before installing RECP.

If soil in-filling is required, first install RECP. Then apply seed and
lightly brush or rake 8 to 18 millimeters of topsoil into the voids in
the RECP filling the full product thickness.

Use staples that are at least 150 millimeters long to secure the RECP.
Longer staples may be necessary in sandy, loose, or wet soils.

Unroll the RECP parallel to the primary direction of flow and place it
in direct contact with soil surface. Do not stretch or allow RECP to
bridge over surface inconsistencies. Overlap edges of adjacent RECP by
50 to 100 millimeters. Use a sufficient number of staples to prevent
seam separation. Overlap roll ends of joining RECP 50 to 150 millimeters
in the direction of flow.

**(a) Slope Installations.** At the top of slope, anchor the RECP by one
of the following methods:

**(1) Staples.** Install the RECP 900 millimeters over the shoulder of
the slope onto flat final grade. Secure with a single row of staples on
300-millimeter centers.

**(2) Anchor trench.** Construct a 150-millimeter by 150-millimeter
trench. Extend the upslope terminal end of the RECP 900 millimeters past
the trench. Use staples on 300-millimeter centers to fasten the RECP
into the trench. Backfill the trench and compact the soil. Secure the
terminal end with a single row of staples on 300-millimeter centers and
cover the end with soil. Apply turf establishment.

**(3) Check slot.** Install two rows of staples 100 millimeters apart on
100‑millimeter centers across the top edge of the RECP. Drive all staple
heads flush with soil surface.

Securely fasten all RECP to the soil by installing staples at a minimum
rate of 1.5 per square meter.

**(b) Channel Installations.** At the beginning of the channel,
construct a full width anchor trench according to paragraph (a)(2)
above. Construct additional anchor trenches or check slots at intervals
along the channel reach and at the channel end according to paragraph
(a)(2) or (a)(3) and the manufacturer's installation guidelines.

Securely fasten all RECP to the soil by installing staples at a minimum
rate of 2.0 per square meter. Significantly higher anchor rates may be
necessary in sandy, loose, or wet soils and in severe applications.

Repair all damaged areas immediately by restoring soil to finished
grade, re-applying turf establishment, and replacing the RECP.

**629.06 Cellular Confinement Systems.** Excavate to the depth of the
cellular confinement system and smooth and compact the slope. Install
the top of the system flush or lower than the adjacent slope. Expand the
geocell down the slope. Connect adjacent geocell sections with hog rings
or staples in every other cell.

Anchor the system with wooden stakes across the top at every other cell.
Repeat the anchoring pattern in every tenth row and in the bottom row.
Drive stakes to a minimum embedment of 0.3 meters below the base of the
cellular confinement layer.

Backfill the system with topsoil. Hand-compact the topsoil within each
cell and apply turf establishment.

**629.07 Acceptance.** RECP and cellular confinement system material
will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02 and 106.03.

Installation of RECP and cellular confinement systems will be evaluated
under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Topsoil will be evaluated under Section 624.

Turf establishment will be evaluated under Section 625.

Measurement

**629.08** Measure the Section 629 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure topsoil under Section 624.

Measure turf establishment under Section 625.

Payment

**629.09** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 629 pay items shown in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 630. --- Reserved

## Section 631. --- Reserved

## Section 632. --- Reserved

## Section 633. --- PERMANENT TRAFFIC CONTROL

Description

**633.01** This work consists of constructing permanent traffic control
signs, supports, delineators, and object markers, and removing and
resetting permanent traffic control devices.

Sign panels are designated as plywood, aluminum, steel, plastic, or
fiberglass reinforced plastic.

Sign retroreflective sheeting type is designated according to Subsection
718.01.

Posts are designated as wood, aluminum, galvanized steel, or corrosion
resistant steel.

Material

**633.02** Conform to the MUTCD and the following Section and
Subsections:

Aluminum panels 718.05

Concrete 601

Delineator and object marker retroreflectors 718.12

Extruded aluminum panels 718.07

Fiberglass reinforced plastic panels 718.06(b)

Hardware 718.10

Letters, numerals, arrows, symbols, and borders 718.11

Object marker and delineator posts 718.09

Plastic panels 718.06(a)

Plywood panels 718.03

Retroreflective sheeting 718.01

Signposts 718.08

Steel panels 718.04

Construction Requirements

**633.03 General.** Furnish traffic control devices according to the
MUTCD and *Standard Highway Signs* published by FHWA. Submit the sign
list for approval before ordering.

**633.04 Supports.** Sign locations may be changed to fit field
conditions as approved by the CO. Determine sign support lengths at time
of staking. Install supports plumb and according to the manufacturer\'s
instructions. Make all supports within the clear zone crashworthy.

Drive posts with a suitable driving head or set posts in drilled or
punched holes. Replace all damaged posts.

Construct concrete footings according to Section 601. Excavate and
backfill according to Section 209.

**633.05 Panels.** Use type III, VII, VIII, or IX retroreflective
sheeting. For permanent sign panels, use type L-1 letters, numerals,
arrows, symbols, and borders. Cut panels to size and shape and drill or
punch all holes. Make panels flat and free of buckles, warp, dents,
cockles, burrs, and other defects.

Clean and degrease the face of metal panels using methods recommended by
the retroreflective sheeting manufacturer. Abrade, clean, and degrease
the face of the plywood panels using methods recommended by the
retroreflective sheeting manufacturer. Treat the edges of the plywood
panel with an approved edge sealant. Apply the retroreflective sheeting
material to the panels. Package sign panels in protective material and
transport them in a vertical position.

Mount sign panels with the legend horizontal. Where multiple panels
adjoin, limit the gap between adjacent panels to 2 millimeters. To
reduce specular glare (mirror reflection), turn the sign panel 3 degrees
away from the road in the direction of travel.

Use oversized bolt heads and neoprene or nylon washers for fastening
plastic sign panels.

Do not field drill holes in any part of the panel. Use antitheft
fasteners where possible. Paint all bolt heads, screw heads, and washers
that are exposed on the sign face. Match the color of the paint to the
color of the background or message area at the point where the fitting
is exposed.

If a sign message is not applicable, completely cover the face of the
sign with an opaque material. Maintain the covering in good condition
until the message becomes applicable. Do not use adhesive tape on the
sign face.

Repair or replace damaged parts including sheeting.

**633.06 Delineators and Object Markers.** Attach delineators and object
markers to posts according to the manufacturer\'s recommendation.

**633.07 Removing and Resetting Permanent Traffic Control Devices.**
Remove and store the existing signs, delineators, and object markers.
Replace all devices, posts, and hardware damaged during removal,
storage, and raising.

**633.08 Acceptance.** Material (including signs panels, retroreflective
sheeting, supports, delineators, object markers, and hardware) for
traffic control devices will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.03.

Installation of traffic control devices will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Concrete will be evaluated under Section 601.

Measurement

**633.09** Measure the Section 633 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure sign systems by the square meter of front face of sign panel as
follows:

**(a)** When a sign system is measured by the each, measure each system
as one sign regardless of the number of sign panels or posts.

**(b)** When a sign system is measured by the square meter, measure the
nominal dimensions of all the sign panels.

**(c)** A sign system includes the supports.

Measure sign panel by the square meter of front face.

Measure each sign panel in a multiple configuration.

Measure removing and resetting permanent traffic control devices after
they are reset. Measure based on the number of devices reset in their
final position as described in (a) above.

Payment

**633.10** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 633 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 634. --- PERMANENT PAVEMENT MARKINGS

Description

**634.01** This work consists of applying permanent pavement markings
and raised pavement markers on the completed pavement.

Pavement markings are designated as follows:

Type A --- Conventional traffic paint with type 1 glass beads

Type B --- Waterborne traffic paint with type 1 glass beads

Type C --- Waterborne traffic paint with type 3 glass beads

Type D --- Epoxy markings with type 1 glass beads

Type E --- Epoxy markings with type 1 and type 4 glass beads

Type F --- Polyester markings with type 1 glass beads

Type G --- Polyester markings with type 1 and type 4 glass beads

Type H --- Thermoplastic markings with type 1 glass beads

Type I --- Thermoplastic markings with type 1 and type 5 glass beads

Type J --- Preformed plastic markings

Type K --- Nonreflectorized markings

Material

**634.02** Conform to the MUTCD and the following Subsections:

Conventional traffic paint 718.13

Epoxy markings 718.15

Epoxy resin adhesives 718.23

Glass beads 718.19

Polyester markings 718.16

Preformed plastic markings 718.18

Raised pavement markers 718.20

Thermoplastic markings 718.17

Waterborne traffic paint 718.14

Construction Requirements

**634.03 General.** Where existing and final pavement marking locations
are identical, stake the limits of all existing pavement markings
(no-passing zones, edge stripes, etc.) before any pavement work. Upon
completion of the final surface course, establish line limits for the
new pavement for approval before marking. Establish markings according
to the MUTCD. In curve widening areas, apply the pavement edge markings
at the edge of the traveled way and the centerline markings midway
between the pavement lines.

Remove loose particles, dirt, tar, grease, and other deleterious
material from the surface to be marked. Where markings are placed on
rigid pavement less than 1 year old, clean the pavement of all residue
and curing compounds. Remove temporary pavement markings the same day
permanent pavement markings are applied. Apply markings to a clean, dry
surface according to the MUTCD.

At least 7 days before applying pavement markings, furnish a written
copy of the marking manufacturer\'s recommendations for use. A field
demonstration may be required to verify the adequacy of recommendations.

Ship marking material in appropriate containers plainly marked with the
following information, as appropriate, for the material being furnished:

**(a)** Manufacturer\'s name and address;

**(b)** Name of product;

**(c)** Lot/batch numbers;

**(d)** Color;

**(e)** Net mass and volume of contents;

**(f)** Date of manufacture;

**(g)** Date of expiration;

**(h)** Statement of contents (if mixing of components is required);

**(i)** Mixing proportions and instructions; and

**(j)** Safety information.

Apply pavement markings in the direction of traffic according to the
manufacturer\'s recommendations. Apply all markings to provide a
clean-cut, uniform, and workmanlike appearance by day and night.

Make lines 100 millimeters wide. Make broken lines 3 meters long with
9-meter gaps. Make dotted lines 0.6 meter long with 1.2-meter gaps.
Separate double lines with a 100‑millimeter space.

Protect marked areas from traffic until the markings are dried to
no-tracking condition. Remove all tracking marks, spilled marking
material, markings in unauthorized areas, and defective markings.

Remove all conflicting pavement markings according to Subsection 635.13.

**634.04 Conventional Traffic Paint (Type A).** Apply paint when the
pavement and air temperatures are above 4 ºC. Spray paint at 0.38
millimeters minimum wet film thickness before glass beads or at a rate
of 2.6 square meters per liter. Immediately apply type 1 glass beads on
the paint at a minimum rate of 0.7 kilograms per liter of paint.

On new asphalt pavements or new asphalt surface treatments, apply two
coats. Apply the first coat at 8.8 square meters per liter and the
second coat at 3.7 square meters per liter.

**634.05 Waterborne Traffic Paint (Type B and C).** Apply paint when the
pavement and air temperatures are above 10 ºC. Spray paint at 0.38
millimeters minimum wet film thickness before glass beads or at a of
rate 2.6 square meters per liter.

**(a) Type B.** Immediately apply type 1 glass beads on the paint at a
minimum rate of 0.7 kilograms per liter of paint.

**(b) Type C.** Immediately apply type 3 glass beads on the paint at a
minimum rate of 1.4 kilograms per liter of paint.

On new asphalt pavements or new asphalt surface treatments, apply two
coats. Apply each coat at 5.2 square meters per liter.

**634.06 Epoxy Markings (Types D and E).** Heat components A and B
separately at 43±17 ºC and mix. Discard all material heated over 60 ºC.
Apply epoxy when the pavement and air temperatures are above 10 ºC.
Apply as a spray at 43±17 ºC (gun tip temperature) at a 0.38 millimeters
minimum dry film thickness or 2.6 square meters per liter.

**(a) Type D.** Immediately apply type 1 glass beads on the epoxy at a
minimum rate of 1.8 kilograms per liter of epoxy.

**(b) Type E.** Use two bead dispensers. Immediately apply type 4 glass
beads on the epoxy at a minimum rate of 1.4 kilograms per liter of epoxy
immediately followed by an application of type 1 glass beads at a
minimum rate of 1.4 kilograms per liter.

**634.07 Polyester Markings (Types F and G).** Apply polyester when the
pavement and air temperatures are above 10 ºC. Spray at 53±4 ºC (gun tip
temperature) at a 0.38 millimeters minimum dry film thickness or 2.6
square meters per liter. Discard all material heated over 66 ºC. Do not
use fast dry polyester markings on asphalt pavements less than 1 year
old.

**(a) Type F.** Immediately apply type 1 glass beads on the polyester at
a minimum rate of 1.8 kilograms per liter of polyester.

**(b) Type G.** Use two bead dispensers. Immediately apply type 4 glass
beads on the polyester at a minimum rate of 1.4 kilograms per liter of
polyester immediately followed by an application of type 1 glass beads
at a minimum rate of 1.4 kilograms per liter.

**634.08 Thermoplastic Markings (Type H and I).** On areas to be marked
on rigid pavements and old asphalt pavements, apply an epoxy resin
primer/sealer according to the thermoplastic manufacturer\'s
recommendations. Allow the primer/sealer to dry.

Apply thermoplastic when the pavement and air temperatures are above
10 ºC. Spray or extrude the thermoplastic at 220±3 ºC. For centerlines
and lane lines, spray or extrude 2.3 millimeters minimum dry film
thickness or at a rate of 0.44 square meters per liter. For edge lines,
spray or extrude 1.5 millimeters minimum dry film thickness or at a rate
of 0.66 square meters per liter.

**(a) Type H.** Immediately apply type 1 glass beads on the
thermoplastic at a minimum rate of 0.59 kilograms per square meter.

**(b) Type I.** Use two bead dispensers. Immediately apply type 5 glass
beads on the thermoplastic at a minimum rate of 0.59 kilograms per
square meter immediately followed by an application of type 1 glass
beads at a minimum rate of 0.59 kilograms per square meter.

The minimum bond strength of the thermoplastic shall be 1.2 megapascals
on rigid pavements.

**634.09 Preformed Plastic Markings (Type J).** Install to form a
durable, weather resistant bond to the pavement. Apply preformed plastic
markings according to the manufacturer\'s recommendation.

Where applied during final compaction of asphalt pavement, apply
preformed plastic when the pavement temperature is about 60 ºC. Roll the
marking into the surface with a steel wheel roller. The finished
pavement marking may extend approximately 0.25 millimeters above the
final surface.

**634.10 Nonreflectorized Markings (Type K).** Apply conventional
traffic paint, waterborne traffic paint, epoxy markings, polyester
markings, or thermoplastic markings as described above, but with no
glass beads added.

**634.11 Raised Pavement Markers.** Install raised pavement markers when
the pavement and air temperatures are above 10 ºC. Apply raised pavement
markers with epoxy resin or asphalt adhesive.

Heat epoxy components A and B separately with indirect heat, mix, and
apply at 21±6 ºC. Discard all material heated over 49 ºC or stiffened by
polymerization.

Heat and apply asphalt adhesives at 211±7 ºC. Discard all material
heated over 232 ºC.

Space and align the markers to within 13 millimeters of the required
location. Do not place raised pavement markers over pavement joints.

The minimum bond strength will be 12 kilopascals or a total tensile
strength of 110 newtons.

**634.12 Acceptance.** Material for permanent pavement markings will be
evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Placement of permanent pavement marking will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

**634.13** Measure the Section 634 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

When two coats of paint are required, measure each coat.

When pavement markings are measured by the meter or kilometer, measure
the length of line applied along the centerline of each 100
millimeter-wide line applied regardless of color. Measure broken or
dotted pavement lines from end to end of the line including gaps.
Measure solid pavement lines from end to end of each continuous line.
For line widths other than 100 millimeters, the measured length of line
is adjusted in the ratio of the required width to 100 millimeters.

When pavement markings are measured by the square meter, measure the
number of square meters of symbol or letter marking based on the marking
area shown in the contract or, if not shown, the area of each marking
measured in place to the nearest square meter.

Payment

**634.14** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 634 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 635. --- TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL

Description

**635.01** This work consists of furnishing, maintaining, relocating,
and removing temporary traffic control devices and services as ordered
for the control and protection of public traffic through the project.

Advance warning arrow panel, barricade, and warning light types are
designated as shown in the MUTCD.

Material

**635.02** Conform to the MUTCD and the following Sections and
Subsections:

Construction sign panels 633

Retroreflective sheeting 718.01

Temporary concrete barrier 618

Temporary plastic fence 710.11

Temporary guardrail 617

Temporary pavement markings 718.21

Temporary traffic control devices 718.22

Traffic markings 634

Construction Requirements

**635.03 General.** Install and maintain temporary traffic control
devices adjacent to and within the project as required by the traffic
control plan, Section 156, and the MUTCD. Install and maintain traffic
control devices as follows:

**(a)** Furnish and install traffic control devices before the start of
construction operations.

**(b)** Install only those traffic control devices needed for each stage
or phase.

**(c)** Relocate temporary traffic control devices as necessary.

**(d)** Remove devices that no longer apply to the existing conditions.

**(e)** Immediately replace any device that is lost, stolen, destroyed,
or inoperative.

**(f)** Keep temporary traffic control devices clean.

**(g)** Furnish and maintain traffic control devices that meet the
\"acceptable\" standard described in *Quality Standards for Work Zone
Traffic Control Devices* published by ATSSA. Amend the ATSSA standards
as follows:

**(1)** Repair or remove and replace \"marginal\" devices within 48
hours; and

**(2)** Repair or remove and replace \"unacceptable\" devices
immediately.

**(h)** Remove all temporary traffic control devices upon contract
completion or when approved.

**(i)** Furnish temporary traffic control devices that meet the NCHRP
Report 350, *Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance
Evaluation of Highway Features*, for crashworthiness standards as
applicable.

**635.04 Advance Warning Arrow Panels.** Perform the work described
under MUTCD Part 6.

**635.05 Barricades.** Perform the work described under MUTCD Part 6.
Use type III, VII, VIII, or IX retroreflective sheeting.

**635.06 Cones and Tubular Markers.** Perform the work described under
MUTCD Part 6. Use 700 millimeter cones or tubular markers. Use type III,
or VI retroreflective sheeting.

**635.07 Construction Signs.** Use type III, VII, VIII, or IX
retroreflective sheeting. For roll-up signs, use type VI retroreflective
sheeting. Remove or completely cover all unnecessary signs with metal,
plywood, or other acceptable material.

Use crashworthy posts within the traversable area adjacent to traffic.
Install posts according to Section 633.

**635.08 Drums.** Perform work described in MUTCD Part 6. Use plastic
drums that are approximately 900 millimeters high and a minimum of 450
millimeters in diameter. Use type III or VI retroreflective sheeting.

**635.09 Flaggers.** Use flaggers certified by the American Traffic
Safety Services Association, the National Safety Council, the
International Municipal Signal Association, a state agency, or other
acceptable organization. Perform the work described under MUTCD Part 6.
Use type III, VII, VIII, or IX retroreflective sheeting on flagger
paddles. Do not use flags.

**635.10 Pilot Cars.** Perform the work described under MUTCD Part 6.
Use pilot car operators meeting the minimum qualifications of a flagger
according to Subsection 635.09. Mount a rotating amber beacon on the
roof of each pilot car. Do not use strobe light beacons.

**635.11 Temporary Barriers.** Perform the work described under MUTCD
Part 6. Use temporary barriers that meet NCHRP Report 350 and are new or
used provided they are not badly damaged. Lifting holes no larger than
100 millimeters or lifting loops are permitted. Individual sections may
vary in length.

Mount 75-millimeter minimum dimension white or yellow retroreflectors,
as applicable, to the top or side of the barrier on 7.5-meter centers.
Mount the retroreflectors at a uniform height at least 0.6 meters above
the pavement surface.

**635.12 Temporary Guardrail.** Construct temporary guardrail according
to Section 617.

Mount 75-millimeter minimum dimension white or yellow retroreflectors,
as applicable, to the top or side of the guardrail on 7.5-meter centers.
Mount the retroreflectors at a uniform height at least 0.6 meters above
the pavement surface.

**635.13 Temporary Pavement Markings and Delineation.** Before opening a
pavement surface to traffic, remove all conflicting pavement markings by
sandblasting or other methods that do not damage the surface or texture
of the pavement. Make the removal pattern uneven so it does not
perpetuate the outline of the removed pavement markings. Lightly coat
sandblasted or removal areas on asphalt surfaces with emulsified
asphalt.

Place and maintain temporary pavement markings that are neat, crack
free, true, straight, and unbroken. For temporary pavement markings, use
preformed retroreflective tape, traffic paint, or temporary raised
pavement markers as follows:

**(a) Preformed retroreflective tape.** Apply according to the
manufacturer\'s instructions. Remove all loose temporary preformed
retroreflective tape before placing additional pavement layers.

**(b) Traffic paint.** Do not apply temporary traffic paint to the final
surface. Apply traffic paint as the temporary pavement marking if no
work will be performed on the project for at least 30 consecutive days.
Apply temporary traffic paint at a 0.38‑millimeter minimum wet film
thickness (0.38 liters per square meter). Immediately apply type 1 glass
beads on the paint at a minimum rate of 0.7 kilograms per liter of
paint.

**(c) Raised pavement markers.** Do not use raised pavement markers
during seasonal suspensions. When chip seals, slurry seals, or tack
coats are used after marker placement, protect the markers with an
approved protective cover, which is removed after the asphalt material
is sprayed. Temporary raised pavement markers may be used as temporary
pavement markings as follows:

**(1) 3-meter broken line.** Four pavement markers spaced 1 meter apart
followed by a 9-meter gap.

**(2) 0.6-meter broken line.** Two pavement markers spaced 0.6 meter
apart followed by a 5.5-meter gap.

**(3) Solid line.** Pavement markers on 1.5-meter centers.

Remove all temporary raised pavement markers before placing additional
pavement layers.

Remove all temporary pavement markings from the surface course before
placing permanent pavement markings.

**635.14 Vertical Panels.** Perform the work described under MUTCD Part
6. Use type III, VII, VIII, or IX retroreflective sheeting.

**635.15 Warning Lights.** Perform the work described under MUTCD
Part 6. When type C, steady-burn, warning lights are installed on
barricades or drums and used in a series for delineation, use type A,
flashing, warning lights on the first 2 barricades or drums in the
series. Mount batteries for type B warning lights a maximum of 300
millimeters from ground or roadway surface as measured to top of the
battery casing.

**635.16 Shadow Vehicle.** Use a shadow vehicle (6800-kilogram gross
vehicle mass minimum) equipped with a truck-mounted attenuator (crash
cushion) attached to the rear of the vehicle, exterior flashing yellow
dome light, and an advance warning arrow panel. Use advance warning
arrow panel according to Subsection 635.04.

Use the shadow vehicle to provide physical protection to workers from
traffic approaching from the rear during moving operations (i.e.,
pavement markings, traffic control set up and removal, etc.). Use the
following procedures to close a lane of traffic. Alternate procedures
may be used if approved by the CO.

**(a)** Move the shadow vehicle to a point approximately 60 meters from
the first advance warning sign for the lane closure and stop on the
shoulder.

**(b)** Activate the flashing lights and flashing arrow panel. Begin the
arrow panel in the caution mode and after approximately 2 minutes
display the correct flashing pass arrow.

**(c)** Move the shadow vehicle (now acting as a protection vehicle)
along the shoulder to the first sign location, stopping approximately 30
meters before the sign location in a blocking position.

**(d)** Place the first sign then proceed to the next advance sign
location. Repeat Step (c) for the second sign and install that sign.
Repeat this procedure until all advance warning signs are installed.

**(e)** After installing all of the advanced warning signs for the lane
closure, move the shadow vehicle into the lane that is to be closed to a
position 30 meters in advance of the closing taper location. Install the
channelizing devices for the taper in the shielded lane.

**(f)** Move the shadow vehicle off the roadway and past the taper on
the shoulder and remain in position until the flashing arrow panel for
the closure (if one is to be provided) is placed and operating. Move the
shadow vehicle with the workers as they proceed to set up the remaining
devices as additional protection.

**635.17 Pavement Patch.** Use an asphalt mix according to Section 404
or 417 to repair potholes and rough spots in the traveled way before
reopening travel lanes to traffic.

**635.18 Portable Changeable Message Sign.** Conform to the MUTCD Part
6.

**635.19 Temporary Crash Cushions.** Install an FHWA-approved temporary
crash cushion conforming to the appropriate level of crashworthiness per
NCHRP Report 350*.* FHWA-approved crash cushions are available on the
FHWA Safety website. Install according to manufacturer's
recommendations.

**635.20 Temporary Signal System.** Use a temporary signal system
according to Section 636 and MUTCD Parts 4 and 6.

Use signal heads with three lenses, minimum 200 millimeters diameter,
indicating red, yellow, and green phases. Use a signal controller
capable of operating in either the solid red, solid green, or a
red/yellow/green mode for each signal.

**635.21 Temporary Fence.** Use temporary fence according to Section
619.

**635.22 Portable Rumble Strip.** Use a strip 3 meters long, 450
millimeters wide, and 30 millimeters high to alert drivers of an
approaching flagger station or work area.

**635.23 Opposing Traffic Lane Divider.** Use type III, VII, VIII, or IX
retroreflective sheeting.

**635.24 Steel Plates.** Use 25-millimeter or thicker steel plates
capable of safely carrying traffic. Secure the plates to the pavement to
prevent any movement.

**635.25 Acceptance.** Material (including signs, drums, barricades,
cones, tubular markers, crash cushions, concrete barriers, dividers,
fence, guardrail, pavement markings, rumble strips, traffic signals,
lights, and vertical panels) for temporary traffic control devices will
be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03. Vehicles for pilot
cars and shadow vehicles will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02.

Placement of temporary traffic control devices will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Temporary traffic control services will be evaluated under Subsection
106.02.

Measurement

**635.26** Measure the Section 635 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable when
ordered by the CO and installed.

Measure temporary traffic control items only one time even if relocated
or replaced, except for items paid by the hour.

Measure advance warning arrow panels by the hour or by the each. When
measurement is by the hour, round portions of an hour up to the half
hour.

Measure barricades by the meter of width.

Measure construction signs by the square meter of front face sign panel.
Do not measure posts and temporary supports.

Measure flaggers, for each hour a person is actually performing the
work. Round portions of an hour up to the half hour. Measure time in
excess of 40 hours per week at the same rate as the first 40 hours.

Measure pilot cars (including operators) for each hour the car is
actually performing the work. Round portions of an hour up to the half
hour. Measure time measured in excess of 40 hours per week at the same
rate as the first 40 hours.

When there is a pay item for moving temporary barriers, do not measure
movement of temporary barriers for work access or the convenience of the
Contractor.

Measure temporary guardrail from center-to-center of end posts.

Measure temporary pavement markings for only one application of pavement
markings per lift. When temporary pavement markings are measured by the
meter or kilometer, measure the number of meters or kilometers of lines
applied along the centerline of each 100‑millimeter wide line applied
regardless of color. Measure solid lines from end to end of each
continuous line. Measure broken lines from end to end including gaps.
For line widths greater than 100 millimeters, adjust the measured length
of line in the ratio of the required width to 100 millimeters. When
temporary pavement markings are measured by the square meter, measure
the number of square meters of symbols or letter markings based on the
marking area shown in the contract or, if not shown, the area of each
marking measured in place to the nearest tenth of a square meter.

Measure temporary raised pavement markers one time for each lift of
pavement even if replaced. Measure temporary raised pavement markers
used at the option of the Contractor in lieu of temporary pavement
markings as equivalent temporary pavement markings and not as temporary
raised pavement markers.

Measure pavement marking removal of actual line removed. Do not measure
gaps.

Measure temporary crash cushions for each entire crash configuration.

When there is a pay item for moving temporary crash cushion, do not
measure movement of temporary crash cushion for work access or the
convenience of the Contractor.

Measure replacement barrels or cartridges for crash cushions for the
barrels or cartridges damaged by public traffic.

Payment

**635.27** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 635 pay items in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Progress payments for temporary traffic control devices will be made as
follows:

**(a)** 50 percent of the unit bid price will be paid upon installation.

**(b)** An additional 25 percent of the unit bid price will be paid
following completion of 50 percent of the contract amount.

**(c)** Payment of the remaining portion of the unit bid price will be
paid when the temporary traffic control devices are removed from the
project.

Progress payments for items paid for by the hour will be paid at 100
percent of the unit bid price when ordered by the CO and furnished.

## Section 636. --- SIGNAL, LIGHTING, AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

Description

**636.01** This work consists of installing, modifying, or removing
traffic signals, flashing beacons, highway lighting, sign illumination,
communication conduits, and electrical systems or provisions for future
systems.

Material

**636.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Backer rod 712.01(g)

Electrical material 721.01

Lighting material 721.02

Precast concrete units 725.11(d)

Sealant 712.01(a)

Construction Requirements

**636.03 Regulations and Codes.** Furnish material and workmanship
conforming to the standards of the National Electrical Code, local
safety code, UL, and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association.

Obtain permits, arrange for inspections, and pay all fees necessary to
obtain electrical service.

Furnish luminaries with crashworthy supports.

Notify the CO, local traffic enforcement agency, local utility company,
or railroad company 7 days before any operational shutdown to coordinate
connections or disconnections to an existing utility or system.

**636.04 General.** At the preconstruction conference, submit a
certified cost breakdown of items involved in the lump sum for use in
making progress payments and price adjustments.

Fifteen days before installation, submit a list of proposed equipment
and material. Include the manufacturer\'s name, size, and identification
number of each item. Supplement the list with scale drawings, catalog
cuts, and wiring diagrams showing locations and details of equipment and
wiring.

The CO will establish the exact locations of the systems.

Remove structures and obstructions according to Section 203. Salvage all
material acceptable for reuse in the work. Excavate and backfill
according to Section 209. Construct concrete according to Section 601.

Where roadways are to remain open to traffic and existing systems will
be modified, maintain the existing systems in operation until final
connection to the modified circuit to minimize traffic disruptions.

**636.05 Conduit.** Cut conduit so the ends are smooth. Connect conduit
sections with couplings to butt the ends of both conduits squarely
against each other inside the couplings. Provide a metal expansion and
deflection fitting where conduit crosses a structural expansion joint.

Install conduits continuous between outlets with a minimum of couplings
to permit pulling conductors. Terminate conduit with bell fittings or
bushings. Furnish pull wires for conduits designated for future cable
installation.

Remove and replace crushed, deformed, or damaged conduit. Maintain
conduits clean and dry and protect ends of conduit with plugs, caps, or
fittings.

Size pull boxes to provide for termination of the conduit and connection
of the conductors.

**636.06 Installation of Signal and Lighting Systems.** Design the
control unit to energize the lighting circuit upon failure of any
component of its circuit. Furnish a control with an \"on\" level
adjustable between 11 and 54 lux. Operate luminaires with a series
circuit distribution system at a potential not exceeding 2400 volts.

Control lights and luminaires by photocell controls. For current less
than or equal to 10 amperes, furnish a photocell switch. For current
greater than 10 amperes, furnish a photocell switch operating a magnetic
relay for switching the lighting circuit.

**636.07 Loop Installation.** Do not install loops when the pavement is
wet. Saw cut, wire, and seal for loop wires on the same day. Do not
allow vehicular traffic to pass over an open saw cut unless covered by a
protective panel.

Saw clean, smooth, well-defined, 8-millimeter wide, and 45-millimeter
deep cuts without damaging the adjacent pavement. Overlap saw cuts to
provide full depth at all corners. Saw cut the lead-in to the pull box
as close as possible to the edge of pavement. Clean and dry saw cuts
according to Subsection 502.06(a).

Install the loop wire in one continuous length at the bottom of the cut.
Install without kinks, curls, or other damage to the wire or its
insulation. Replace any damaged wires. Hold the loop wire in place with
0.6-meter long backer rods.

Where the loop wire crosses a crack or joint, use a plastic sleeve that
extends 100 millimeters on each side of the crack or joint. Provide
extra loop wire in the sleeve for joint expansion and contraction.

Twist the loop lead-in wires 3 turns per meter from the loop to the pull
box. Color code the wires of each loop for identification of separate
loops. Coil 1 meter of lead-in pair slack in the pull box for each loop.

Before applying sealant, test the loop and lead-in for continuity and
resistance by applying a 1000-volt megger between each end of the loop
lead-in and the nearest reliable electrical ground. If no available
ground exists, establish a ground for the measurement. Record the
location and megger readings and submit readings and test equipment
data. Replace the loop if the megger reading is less than 10 megaohms or
the inductance is less than 60 microhenries or more than 100
microhenries.

Apply sealant to the saw cuts with the backer rods in place. Apply the
sealant in a manner that does not produce air bubbles. Remove excess
sealant and finish level with the pavement. Follow the manufacturer\'s
instructions for sufficient time for the sealant to harden before
allowing traffic to cross the loops.

Repeat the resistance and continuity test after sealant is applied.
Report the second test for comparison with the first report.

**636.08 Testing and Demonstration Period.** Before energizing any
portion of the system, demonstrate that the conductor system is clear
and free of all short circuits, open circuits, and unintentional
grounds. Repair or replace faulty circuits.

After energizing the system, demonstrate that all electrical components
work properly. Repair or replace faulty electrical components.

After completing electrical component tests, conduct a demonstration
test for 30 continuous days. Adjust and correct any deficiencies in the
system during the 30-day demonstration period. If any part of the system
is replaced or repaired, retest that part of the system for an
additional 30 days.

**636.09 Warranties, Guarantees, and Instruction Sheets.** When
installations are permanent, deliver manufacturers\' warranties,
guarantees, instruction sheets, and parts lists at the final inspection.

Upon completion of the work, also submit as-built drawings showing all
detail changes from the original plans.

**636.10 Relocations.** Use material equivalent to existing material,
unless present codes require different or improved material. Existing
material may be salvaged and reused, provided all material and
installation methods used meet the requirements of applicable codes and
ordinances.

**636.11 Acceptance.** Material for signal systems, lighting systems,
and electrical systems will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.03.

Installation of signal systems, lighting systems, and electrical systems
will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Structural excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209.

Concrete will be evaluated under Section 601.

Measurement

**636.12** Measure the Section 636 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

For relocations, do not measure additional line or connections necessary
to place the fixture at the new location.

Payment

**636.13** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 636 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Payment for lump sum items will be prorated based on the total work
completed.

## Section 637. --- FACILITIES AND SERVICES

Description

**637.01** This work consists of furnishing, installing, maintaining,
and removing facilities (including services) such as field offices and
residential housing for the exclusive use of Government personnel.

Construction Requirements

**637.02 General.** Provide the facilities and services beginning 14
days before project work begins and ending 21 days after final
acceptance. Facilities remain the property of the Contractor upon
completion of the contract.

Perform all site work to set up and remove facilities. Provide
weatherproof buildings or trailers in good condition. Facilities and
their location are subject to approval. Suitable commercial or private
facilities located near the project may be provided.

**637.03 Facilities.** Furnish facilities that are ample, safe,
sanitary, and include the appropriate electrical service, potable water
supply, toilet accommodations and waste disposal services. Pay utility
bills (electricity and water) promptly for all facilities. When
specified in the contract, provide local and long distance telephone
services. The Government will pay the cost of all telephone calls.
Conform to all applicable ordinances, safety codes, and regulations.

**(a) Field office.** Furnish and maintain a field office according to
Tables 637-1 and 637-2.

**(b) Residential housing.** Furnish and maintain residential housing
according to Tables 637-1 and 637-2. When the unit is part of a larger
building, separate units with partitions and furnish separate outside
doors with locks.

Table 637-1

Minimum Requirements for Field Facilities

+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| **Property**                                    | **      | **Resid  |
|                                                 | Field** | ential** |
|                                                 |         |          |
|                                                 | **O     | **H      |
|                                                 | ffice** | ousing** |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Floor space --- m²                              | 37      | 46       |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Locking outside door --- deadbolt with keys     | 1       | 1        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Steps with slipproof tread and handrails        | ^(1)^   | ^(1)^    |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Windows with locks                              | 2       | 3        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Total window area --- m²                        | 2.8     | 5.6      |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Ceiling height, 2.1 m                           | √       | √        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Rooms including toilet room                     | 4       | 5^(2)^   |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Room size except toilet room --- m²             | 9       | 9        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Closet --- 1.2 m^3^                             |         | 2        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Shelves, 300 mm depth --- m²                    | 1.1     | 1.1      |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Electrical lighting                             | √       | √        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Heat and air conditioning,                      | √       | √        |
|                                                 |         |          |
| maintain temperature of 22±4 ºC                 |         |          |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Adequate electrical outlets                     | √       | √        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Surge protectors                                | √       | √        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Adequate electricity                            | √       | √        |
|                                                 |         |          |
| (120 and 240 V, 60 cycle as applicable)         |         |          |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Adequate potable water supply                   | √       | √        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Drinking water cooler with water supply         | √       |          |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Sparkproof exhaust fan --- 0.6 m^3^/s           |         |          |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Sink with faucets for both hot and cold water   |         | √        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Adequate hot and cold water supply              |         | √        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Shower/bath facilities                          |         | √        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Parking for 3 vehicles on gravel surface        | √       | √        |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+
| 1.8-m high chain link fence with gate around    | √       | √        |
| building and parking area                       |         |          |
+-------------------------------------------------+---------+----------+

\(1\) As required.

\(2\) Includes 2 bedrooms.

Table 637-2

Minimum Facility Furnishings and Services

+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| **Property**                                     | **      | *       |
|                                                  | Field** | *Reside |
|                                                  |         | ntial** |
|                                                  | **O     |         |
|                                                  | ffice** | **Ho    |
|                                                  |         | using** |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Table --- 750 mm wide x 2.4 m long x 750 mm high | 1       |         |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| File cabinet, 2-drawer, fire resistant, metal,   | 1       |         |
| with lock                                        |         |         |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| File cabinet, 4-drawer, metal                    | 1       |         |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Desk --- 1.1 m^2^                                | 2       |         |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Desk lamp                                        | 2       |         |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Office chair                                     | 5       |         |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Storage cabinet, 1.8 m wide x 900 mm wide x 450  | 1       |         |
| mm high                                          |         |         |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Fire extinguisher                                | 1       | 2       |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Refrigerator, 0.28 m^3^                          |         | 1       |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Range and oven, standard 900 mm                  |         | 1       |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Kitchen table with 2 chairs                      |         | 1 set   |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Sofa, 1.8 m                                      |         | 1       |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Coffee table                                     |         | 1       |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Easy chair                                       |         | 1       |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| End table                                        |         | 1       |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Table lamp                                       |         | 1       |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Double bed                                       |         | 2       |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Night stand                                      |         | 2       |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Night stand lamp                                 |         | 2       |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Dresser, 4-drawer, 900 mm                        |         | 2       |
+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+

**637.04 Acceptance.** Facilities and services will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

**637.05** Measure the Section 637 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

**637.06** The accepted quantity, will be paid at the contract price per
unit of measurement for the Section 637 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Progress payments for each facility will be paid as follows:

**(a)** 60 percent of the item amount will be paid after the facility is
accepted for occupancy.

**(b)** Payment of the remaining 40 percent of the item amount will be
paid after final acceptance or when CO determines the facility is no
longer needed.