+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| ![](media/           | **U.S. Department of Education\               |
| image1.png){width="1 | Assistive Technology Program**                |
| .1020833333333333in" |                                               |
| height="1.           | 400 Maryland Avenue, SW\                      |
| 1020833333333333in"} | Washington, DC 20202\                         |
|                      | 202-260-5055                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

Implementing Federal Accessibility\
Web Standards (1194.22)

**(a) A text equivalent for every non-text element shall be provided
(e.g., via \"alt\", \"longdesc\", or in element content).**

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(a)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourse2.htm>

### *Related Information*

**Creating Accessible Graphics (WEBAIM)\
**<http://www.webaim.org/techniques/images/>

**Describing Illustrations, Diagrams, Maps, Tables, Charts, and Graphs\
**<http://www.w3.org/2000/08/nba-manual/Overview.html>

**Guidelines on alt texts in img elements\
**<http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/html/alt.html>

**Example of D link\
**<http://www.consideration.org/technology/accessexamples/dlinksample.html>

**(b) Equivalent alternatives for any multimedia presentation shall be
synchronized with the presentation. **

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(b)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourse6.htm>

### *Related Information*

**Captioning for the Web (WEBAIM)\
**<http://www.webaim.org/techniques/captions/>**\
**(Includes tutorials on captioning in Quicktime, Windows Media,
RealPlayer, and MAGpie)

# MAGPIE (NCAM) [**http://ncam.wgbh.org/webaccess/magpie/**](http://ncam.wgbh.org/webaccess/magpie/)

# Synchronized Multimedia: SMIL (W3C) [**http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/**](http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/)

**Accessibility Features of SMIL (W3C)\
**<http://www.w3.org/TR/SMIL-access/>

**Creating Accessible Flash (WEBAIM)\
**<http://www.webaim.org/techniques/flash/>

**Accessibility Techniques for Flash MX (Macromedia)\
**<http://www.trainingcafe.com/macromedia/accessibility/flashmx.asp>

**(c) Web pages shall be designed so that all information conveyed with
color is also available without color, for example from context or
markup. **

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(c)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourse7.htm>

### *Related Information*

**Effective Color Contrast\
**<http://www.lighthouse.org/color_contrast.htm>\
**\
Vischeck\
**<http://www.vischeck.com/vischeck/>

# Barrier-free presentation that is friendly to colorblind people [**http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/html/color_blind/**](http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/html/color_blind/)

# 

# (d) Documents shall be organized so they are readable without requiring an associated style sheet.

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(d)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourseb.htm>

### *Related Information*

**Accessibility Features of CSS (W3C)\
**<http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS-access>

**Cascading Style Sheets (W3C)\
** <http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/>

##### CSS Validator (W3C)

<http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/>

**(e) Redundant text links shall be provided for each active region of a
server-side image map. **

**(f) Client-side image maps shall be provided instead of server-side
image maps except where the regions cannot be defined with an available
geometric shape. **

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(e)>

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(f)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourse5.htm>

**(g) Row and column headers shall be identified for data tables.**

**(h) Markup shall be used to associate data cells and header cells for
data tables that have two or more logical levels of row or column
headers. **

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(g)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourse9.htm>

### *Related Information*

**How to Create Accessible Tables (WEBAIM)\
**<http://www.webaim.org/techniques/tables/>\
\
**Accessible Table Builder (Accessify)\
**<http://www.accessify.com/tools-and-wizards/accessible-table-builder_step1.asp>\
A tool that allows you to choose what table properties you want, how
many rows and columns, and takes care of the accessibility mark-up for
you.

(i) **Frames shall be titled with text that facilitates frame
    identification and navigation. **

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(i)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourse4.htm>

### *Related Information*

**How to Create Accessible Frames\
**<http://www.webaim.org/techniques/frames/>

**(j) Pages shall be designed to avoid causing the screen to flicker
with a frequency greater than 2 Hz and lower than 55 Hz. **

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(j)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourse7.htm>

**(k) A text-only page, with equivalent information or functionality,
shall be provided to make a web site comply with the provisions of these
standards, when compliance cannot be accomplished in any other way. The
content of the text-only page shall be updated whenever the primary page
changes. **

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(k)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourse7.htm>

**(l) When pages utilize scripting languages to display content, or to
create interface elements, the information provided by the script shall
be identified with functional text that can be read by assistive
technology. **

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(l)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcoursea.htm>

### *Related Information*

**Creating Accessible JavaScript (WEBAIM)\
**<http://www.webaim.org/techniques/javascript/>

**Keyboard Accessibility (WEBAIM)\
** <http://www.webaim.org/techniques/keyboard/>

**JavaScript Accessibility Issues (TRACE Center)\
**<http://trace.wisc.edu/world/java/jseval.htm>

**Scripts (IBM)\
**<http://www-3.ibm.com/able/guidelines/web/webscripts.html>

**(m) When a web page requires that an applet, plug-in or other
application be present on the client system to interpret page content,
the page must provide a link to a plug-in or applet that complies with
§1194.21(a) through (l). **

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(m)>

**(n) When electronic forms are designed to be completed on-line, the
form shall allow people using assistive technology to access the
information, field elements, and functionality required for completion
and submission of the form, including all directions and cues. **

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(n)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourse8.htm>

### *Related Information*

**How to Create Accessible Forms (WEBAIM)\
** <http://www.webaim.org/techniques/forms/>

# Better Accessible Forms (Accessify.com) http://www.accessify.com/features/tutorials/accessible-forms/ 

**Multiple Input Form Fields (Accessify.com)\
**[http://www.accessify.com/features/tutorials/multiple-inputs/](http://www.accessify.com/tutorials/multiple-input-form-fields.asp)

**Accessible Form Builder (Accessify.com)\
**[http://www.accessify.com/tools-and-wizards/accessibility-tools/form-builder/](http://www.accessify.com/tools-and-wizards/accessibility-tools/form-builder/default.php?type=table)\
This tool lets you enter a number of fields for text input, then creates
a table (or CSS-based layout) to lay them out in, and puts in the
necessary mark-up for accessibility.

**Form Element Generator\
**<http://www.accessify.com/tools-and-wizards/form-element-generator.asp>\
This tool lets you build individual form elements that are accessible.

**(o) A method shall be provided that permits users to skip repetitive
navigation links. **

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(o)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourse4.htm>

### *Related Information*

**Navigation Menus (WEBAIM)**\
<http://www.webaim.org/techniques/navigation/>

**Skip Navigational Links (Jim Thatcher.com)**\
<http://www.jimthatcher.com/skipnav.htm>

**(p) When a timed response is required, the user shall be alerted and
given sufficient time to indicate more time is required. **

<http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.22.htm#(p)>

<http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourse7.htm>

**More Information on Making Web Sites and Content Accessible**

**W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Resources\
**<http://www.w3.org/WAI/Resources/>

**Making Educational Software and Web Sites Accessible Design Guidelines
Including Math and Science Solutions\
**<http://ncam.wgbh.org/cdrom/guideline/>

**508 Universe** (Includes a course on designing accessible websites)**\
**<http://www.section508.gov/index.cfm?FuseAction=Content&ID=5>

**Testing Web Sites for Accessibility**

**Testing for Web Accessibility Compliance Under Section 508 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Department of Education)\
**<http://www.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/assisttesting.html>

**508 Checklist (WEBAIM)\
**<http://www.webaim.org/standards/508/checklist>

**Evaluating Web sites for Accessibility (W3C)\
**<http://www.w3.org/WAI/eval/>

**Free Testing Tools**

The Wave\
[**http://www.wave.webaim.org/**](http://www.wave.webaim.org/)

Web Accessibility Toolbar\
[**http://www.visionaustralia.org.au/info.aspx?page=614**](http://www.visionaustralia.org.au/info.aspx?page=614)

For more information about the Department of Education's Assistive
Technology Program, please visit:\
[**http://www.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/assistivetech.html**](http://www.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/assistivetech.html)

*The links referenced in this document include those that are created
and maintained by other public and private organizations and are
provided for the user\'s convenience. The U.S. Department of Education
does not control or guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or
completeness of information from these sources. Further, the inclusion
of links in this document is not intended to reflect their importance,
nor is it intended to endorse any views expressed or products or
services offered, or the organizations sponsoring the sites.*

*Last Updated on May 25, 2006.*