Number range CHAPTER

![](media/image1.wmf){width="3.4923611111111112in"
height="2.9243055555555557in"}

**News From the Library of Congress**

**MOUG / MLA**

**2006**

*-- Stephen Yusko, MSR 2, SMCD*

***Sound Recording Cataloging*** ***News***

In FY2005 SMCD staff processed and removed from the arrearage 30,049
commercially-available discs and tapes. Highlights include

1.  CD Workflow accounted for almost 28,000 discs throughout 2005

2.  LP inventory/upgrade project: 5,088 discs as of Oct. 1, 2005

***New Initiatives** include the following:*

3.  ***CD Workflow 2005:*** CD Workflow 2005: Following the announcement
    that OCLC could no longer process MSR-generated sound recording
    IBCs, the chief production of the MSR3 team and the backbone of the
    CD Workflow 2000, a new CD processing workflow was designed and a
    pilot implemented at the end of April 2005. Created consultatively
    with MSR3 staff, selected other MSR staff, and MBRS, the workflow
    combines manual technician-generated copy cataloging and brief
    record creation. The technicians use two pieces of software
    developed by SMCD and MBRS: the zClient eases the search and import
    of utility copy; the CD Brief client is a simple interface for the
    creation of brief MARC records.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
1.  ***CD Multiparts:*** Also an important addition to the CD Workflow
    is the processing of CD Multiparts. This is also accomplished via
    use of the zClient and consists of copy and original cataloging.
    1,861 full records have been completed thus far, approximately half
    of the multipart backlog that had grown up while awaiting a viable
    workflow.

2.  ***Foreign Language CD Project:*** The project provides brief level
    records for sound recordings in most popular formats that are
    principally in non-Western languages and scripts. This year saw the
    implementation of last year's planning: catalogers and technicians
    from both SMCD and the Regional and Cooperative Cataloging Division
    (RCCD) worked together in a dozen languages to produce bibliographic
    records for almost 1600 foreign language CDs and 78 rpm discs. Staff
    populated data in a brief-level descriptive template and provided
    broad subject headings and end-stage processing. Staff designed
    templates for CDs, 45 rpms, and 78 rpms. In addition, responding to
    a request from the African and Middle East Division, SMCD began
    planning for the processing of nearly 500 Persian classical music
    CDs being purchased by MBRS. Planning has involved all three
    divisions as well as Acquisitions. SMCD expects to commence and
    complete cataloging in FY06.

3.  ***Overseas Operations Sound Recording Cataloging:*** African/Asian
    Acquisitions & Overseas Operations Division for the first time
    created, in their field offices, sound recording bibliographic
    records directly in Voyager. Their cataloging system IFOS
    (Integrated Field Office System) migrated to the LC ILS, Voyager,
    with direct production starting in March 2005.\
    \
    In January and February 2005, AFAOVOP catalogers from Brazil, Egypt,
    India, Indonesia, Kenya, and Pakistan came to the Capitol Hill LC
    campus for Voyager training. SMCD provided training in sound
    recording production and processing documentation. This was a good
    opportunity for SMCD to meet and interact with the field offices
    catalogers and to open a continuing dialogue on sound recording
    cataloging issues. SMCD has now established a support system for
    training, answering questions, and developing cataloging training
    methods such as using the Internet and the Cataloging Distribution
    Services Cataloger's Learning Workshop. SMCD intends to use a wiki
    to establish ongoing communication and training.

4.  ***Purchased Metadata:*** SMCD spent much of the year exploring the
    possibility of purchasing metadata to populate sound recording
    bibliographic records. Of three vendors contacted, one vendor proved
    both interested and responsive to our needs. The vendor submitted a
    draft license agreement in August 2005. Funding for this initiative
    is in the FY06 budget cycle and we look forward to completing the
    agreement and implementing use of this metadata in 2006.

.

***Score and Book Cataloging***

***Score Cataloging:*** FY2005 accomplishments: 1,548 scores cataloged
originally at the core or full level; 1,480 scores copy-cataloged, and
81 scores received brief-level cataloging.

***Book Cataloging:*** FY2005 accomplishments: 1,880 books cataloged
originally at the core or full level; 657 books copy-cataloged.

5.  ***Collection Records:*** SMCD in cooperation with the Music
    Division, has created several bibliographic records covering several
    significant Library collections.

> The Vernon Duke collection. (145 boxes, ca. 17,500 items) Born
> Vladimir Dukelsky (1903-1969) this composer worked all over the globe:
> Constantinople, New York, Paris (Ballets Russes), and London. Becoming
> an American citizen in 1936, his famous musical play "Cabin in the
> Sky" soon followed. The collection is in two series: Music and
> Non-music. The Non-music collection has correspondence from over 30
> twentieth-century luminaries.

Nikolai Lopatnikoff collection. (27 boxes, ca. 1085 items) Composer and
pianist (1903-

> 1976), Lopatnikoff had a 25-year friendship with Serge Koussevitzky,
> the famous conductor, who premiered a number of his orchestral works
> with the Boston Symphony Orchestra (one of which was commissioned by
> the Koussevitzky Foundation). The collection is rich in material on
> his opera "Danton."
>
> Papers of the Joint Army and Navy Committee on Welfare and Recreation,
> Sub-Committee on Music. (45 boxes, ca. 10,000 items) The Sub-Committee
> was appointed in 1941 to address musical activities in military camps
> and reservations during and after World War II. Harold Spivacke, Chief
> of the Music Division, was named chair. The collection has
> correspondence to important American music figures of the time, e.g.,
> Aaron Copland, Oscar Hammerstein, Erich Leinsdorf, and Alan Lomax,
> among others.

6.  ***Electronic Resources Cataloged:***

> *Akademicheskaia muzyka*
> [[http://www.mmv.ru/p/link/index.html]{.underline}](http://www.mmv.ru/p/link/index.html)A
> directory of web sites related to classical music in Russian

*Canadian music periodical index*

> [[http://www.collectionscanada.ca/cmpi-ipmc/index-e.html]{.underline}](../(http://www.collectionscanada.ca/cmpi-ipmc/index-e.html))
> which indexes 30,000 entries in 500 Canadian music journals.

*Chopin early editions*
[[http://chopin.lib.uchicago.edu/]{.underline}](http://chopin.lib.uchicago.edu/)

Digitized images at the University of Chicago's Chopin collection.

*Continental harmony*
[[http://www.pbs.org/harmony/]{.underline}](http://www.pbs.org/harmony/)

The Continental Harmony Project brings composers and communities
together.

*Doctoral dissertations in musicology-online* (DDM-online).

[[http://www.music.indiana.edu/ddm/]{.underline}](../(http://www.music.indiana.edu/ddm/))
which is an international database

> of bibliographic records (12,000+) for completed dissertations and new
> dissertation topics in music and closely related disciplines.
>
> Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) web site.

[[http://www.riaa.com/default.asp]{.underline}](../(Http://www.riaa.com/default.asp))

> *Sound directions*

[http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/projects/sounddirections/index.shtml]{.underline}

> Collaborative research and development initiative to create best
> practices for digital preservation of archival audio.

*The virtual gramophone*
[[http://www.collectionscanada.ca/gramophone/]{.underline}](http://www.collectionscanada.ca/gramophone/)

Multimedia web site devoted to the early history of Canadian recorded
sound

*Wired for books*
[[http://wiredforbooks.org/]{.underline}](http://wired/)

Online sound and video recordings of fiction and other works.

*Zvuki.ru* [[http://www.zvuki.ru/]{.underline}](http://www.zvuki.ru/)

Portal devoted to contemporary popular music.

7.  ***Copyright Score Selection Pilot:*** A pilot project begun this
    year involves score selection by Copyright Office examiners. In
    February 2005, Copyright staff and one MSR cataloger received
    training in Music Division selection policies. Items selected in
    copyright are routed directly to SMCD. This results in more
    efficient and timely cataloging. MSR music catalogers, trained in
    the selection guidelines, identify inappropriately selected
    materials.

8.  ***Digital Table of Content Pilot (DTOC):*** MSR teams began
    participation in April 2005. Books and scores needing contents
    access were identified by catalogers. RCCD staff scanned the TOC
    pages turning the results into text via OCR Prime and then the data
    was added to bibliographic records via batch processing. SMCD will
    explore the use of such a process for sound recordings during the
    coming year.

9.  ***First Edition (LC Class M3.3) Pilot Project:*** Two Catholic
    University cataloging practicum interns in addition to MSR and Music
    Division staff ensured the availability and accuracy of
    bibliographic, holdings, and shelflisting information of these
    primary research documents. The collection consists of first
    editions of works by 32 important Western music composers (Bach,
    Chopin, Brahms, et al.). 180 first editions were processed this
    fiscal year.

***Authority Work***

In FY2005 6,653 music-related authority records were added to the LC
database by the MSR teams (6,158 names, 396 series, and 99 subjects).
Another 3,526 authority records were changed (3,508 name/series, 18
subjects). 22 class numbers were established, with 3 changed numbers.

***NACO Music at LC:*** Correspondence and bibliographic file
maintenance:

10. 473 email queries answered

11. 38 policy queries investigated

12. 723 bibliographic records updated

13. 507 authority records updated

14. 25 name authorities created

***Other Activities***

15. ***Blended Positions:*** This staff development pilot provides
    training and information exchange for four Music Division reference
    staff and three SMCD catalogers. Each division provides mentors and
    individually tailored reference or cataloging assignments. Each
    participant is obligated to spend four hours a week working in the
    exchange division

16. ***Faceted Subject Cataloging:*** MSR catalogers have approached
    this concept repeatedly over the last fifteen years. Building on
    past MSR reports and experience, the current cataloging climate, and
    new technology, a University of Maryland graduate student in Library
    Science and part-time LC intern for the spring semester, explored
    the benefits and application of faceted subject cataloging for
    printed music and sound recordings here at LC. Working with MSR
    staff as well as staff in the Network Development and MARC Standards
    Office (NDMSO), the student produced a report detailing and
    contrasting the use of faceted headings in both the MARC format and
    MODS format. The report concludes that faceted headings would
    augment access via medium of performance, form, genre, and type of
    composition and would solve some of the difficulties inherent in
    pre-coordinated LCSH music headings.

17. ***Joint Steering Committee Examples Task Force:*** David
    Sommerfield (MSR2)\
    participated on a working group with Jay Weitz (OCLC) to provide
    examples for music rules in RDA. These examples were also vetted
    through MLA's Subcommittee on Descriptive Cataloging (SDC).

18. ***Music Cataloging Decisions (MCDs):*** The Cataloging Policy and
    Support Office (CPSO) announced that the Music Cataloging Decisions
    (MCDs) have been absorbed into the Library of Congress Rule
    Interpretations (LCRIs) beginning with LCRI 2005 Update, no. 1. That
    Update incorporated the MCDs retrospectively, including minor
    modifications and deletion of obsolete decisions. Future AACR 2 rule
    interpretations regarding music will be issued only in the LCRI
    series.

19. ***National Library of Russia Project:*** Irina Kirchik (MSR2)
    continued her involvement with the Mariinsky Theater Project. The
    project has metamorphosed into a joint microfilming/digitization
    project between the National Library of Russia (St. Petersburg) and
    the Library of Congress. It is proposed that both libraries provide
    access to materials that would enhance their collections. For LC it
    would provide access to: Ms. material by the nationalist group of
    Russian composers called the Mighty Handful (Balakirev, Borodin,
    Cui, Musorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov) as well as other 19th-century
    Russians; Ms. material of early liturgical chant (LC's holdings now
    minimal);\
    Ballet Russe collection (to complement LC's Nijinska, Danilova, and
    Bakst collections);\
    early Stravinsky manuscripts (to complement LC's holdings of the
    composer's later works); and works of western composers whose
    compositions were performed in St. Petersburg. For its part, the
    National Library of Russia is interested in microfilmed or digitized
    holographs of Library of Congress-held works by Bach, Mozart,
    Beethoven, Brahms, Rachmaninoff, Irving Berlin, Oscar Hammerstein,
    George Gershwin, Aaron Copland, and Leonard Bernstein, as well as
    LC's Schatz Collection of Opera Librettos.

20. ***Nijinska collection:*** Irina Kirchik (MSR2) began processing a
    manuscript collection devoted to the life and work of the Russian
    dancer and choreographer Bronislava Nijinska (1891-1972). Nijinska
    was a seminal figure in Russian/European/American dance in the 20th
    century. She danced with her older brother, Waslaw Nijinsky, at the
    Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg, and with Diaghilev's Ballets
    Russes in Paris. Nijinska choreographed Stravinsky's Renard and Les
    Noces and Poulenc's Les Biches. Kirchik sorted through several boxes
    of material, organizing correspondence, diaries, choreographic
    material, and much else. Kirchik assisted Nijinska's granddaughter,
    who was visiting the Music Division in February, by retrieving items
    located in the collection for her perusal.

***Staff Retirements and Appointments***

Retirements:

James Parker, MSR2 Technician, retired July 31, 2005 with 30 years of
service.

Reassignments/Realignments:

Susan Vita was appointed Acting Chief of the Music Division on June 13,
2005.

Linda Stubbs was appointed Acting Chief of SMCD in June 2005.

Joe Bartl, Team Leader for MSR1, also served as Acting Team Leader for
MSR3

Vera Clyburn, MSR3 Team Leader, was reassigned in the Arts and Sciences
Cataloging Division (ASCD).

Maggie Jackson, MSR3 Technician, was reassigned in the Social Sciences
Cataloging Division (SSCD).

*-- Deta Davis, Recorded Sound Processing Unit*

The past year has been quite exciting in the Motion Picture,
Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division (MBRS) as we continue to
prepare for our move to the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center
(NAVCC) in Culpeper, Virginia. In November, the Library received the
keys from the Packard Humanities Institute, the foundation that is
building the Center as a gift to the Library and the American people. We
have begun preparing to move more than 3 million sound recordings, many
of which are rare and most of which are fragile, from five different
storage locations in four different states. While some members of MBRS
are now working at the NAVCC, all staff will likely begin working at the
new location in early 2007.

In conjunction with the move and the development of the new center, we
are working on expanding our program of digital sound preservation and
playback. Since this is groundbreaking work, each detail of the
preservation process is being painstakingly designed and requires
foresight into future needs and technologies. This is a technological
work-in-progress that affects everything traditional from reference
service and listening to cataloging. Factors we must consider are file
formats, file locations, digital integrity, security, back-up processes,
and accessibility.

The Recorded Sound Section (RSS) of MBRS has been seriously impacted by
staff attrition because of the move and retirements, yet we have great
expectations for all the new staff that will be joining us. Eugene
DeAnna was promoted to the Head of the Recorded Sound Section, replacing
Sam Brylawski, who retired. He is working diligently to manage the
logistics of creating new space for sound recordings and staff in the
NAVCC, organizing the safe move of the Library's sound treasures, and
hiring and training new staff to join the few veterans who are making
the move.

The Recorded Sound Section continues to acquire and process some
magnificent collections. Highlights include the J. Thomas Rimer
Collection, particularly strong in pre-1972 recordings of full opera and
78 rpm French recordings of early and baroque music; the Alan and Nancy
Mandel Collection of all known recorded works composed by Elie
Siegmeister; and the Michael Feinstein Collection with master tapes from
his recording sessions. We also acquired the Bernard Krisher Collection
that documents historical events and cultural phenomena pertaining to
Asia with more than 400 interviews from 1962 to 1983.

There have been some great discoveries made in our collections as well.
This year, in the process of digitizing the Voice of American
Collection, tapes of live musical events, MBRS staff member Larry
Appelbaum discovered a long-sought recording of The Thelonius Monk
Quartet and John Coltrane in a 1957 Carnegie Hall performance. The
recording, hailed by critics, has been commercially released and has
been one of the top selling jazz CD of the year. Also, while cataloging
the H.V. Greenough Collection, Deta Davis discovered a recording of
Psalm 119 by Lili Boulanger, identified by New Grove as lost or
destroyed.

In addition to all this, some major steps were achieved in processing
our collections as well. Data for more than 100,000 45 rpm discs was
converted from the Cuadra Star database into Mavis. As part of our
long-term plans for bibliographic control, these records will eventually
be loaded into our Integrated Library System. All of our seven inch
discs are under some kind of bibliographic control. Our Blue Amberol
cylinder collection is nearly halfway completed with about 3500 items in
preservation boxing and under bibliographic control. About 2600 wax
cylinders have been processed as well, with 2600 more to go.

*-- Robin Rausch, Reader Services*

***Important Division Trends***

Following the retirement of the chief, the Music Division began an
intensive strategic planning process designed to examine the function
and structure of the entire division. Utilizing the expertise of outside
consultants, this critical initiative will help plot the direction of
the division and inform the criteria for selection of the new chief.
Included in the planning are designs for a new physical configuration of
the Performing Arts Reading Room that will accommodate reference service
for the Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division, as
their collections undertake the move to Culpeper, Virginia.

The Music Division began collaborative efforts with renowned baritone
Thomas Hampson, celebrating creativity in America through the art of
American song. The division contributed to the Song of America Web site,
launched June 14, and worked to plan an eleven-city concert tour
featuring music from the division's collections. A press event in New
York at the Park Avenue Café announced the new cooperative venture.
Materials produced for the tour include a program booklet featuring
images from the collections and educational materials specifically
developed for the Thomas Hampson Teacher Institute workshops.

Physical improvements to the division's space included the completion of
refitted compact shelving units in the stack area, now equipped with a
reliable manual operating system, and a secure vault in the Acquisitions
and Processing Section, where rare materials are housed during
processing. This vault was mandated by the initial Risk Assessment of
the Music Division. Both of these advances resulted in improved access
to collections and provided for additional security to collections
materials.

***Digital Resources***

At the close of FY2005, 38 finding aids to Music Division collections
were available on the Library's Web site.

Digital resources produced by the Music Division included the Katherine
Dunham Collection (released October 15), devoted to the works of the
innovative dancer and choreographer, and the Roger Reynolds Collection
(released April 20), highlighting the work of the American composer;
these releases enhance those already available on the I Hear America
Singing (IHAS) site, which serves as the main avenue for visitors and
scholars to explore American performing arts through the Library of
Congress's unsurpassed collections of scores, sheet music, audio
recordings, films, photographs, maps, and other materials.

Staff also contributed to Jazz on the Screen: A Jazz and Blues
Filmography by David Meeker and to the Song of America Web site
(released June 14), featuring details of the Library's collaboration
with singer Thomas Hampson.

The Music Division's Web sites employ XML software and tools, Cocoon,
and other open source software. We engaged in usability testing during
FY2005.

***Acquisitions***

The Music Division acquired noteworthy collections and individual items
that serve to strengthen even further our unparalleled holdings of
American music, dance, and theater. We continued to collect important
items that complement our other holdings, as well. Most items were gifts
to the Library, although we purchased significant materials, and
received additions to the collections through Copyright. Music Division
collections increased by more than 229,000 items in all formats.

Particularly significant acquisitions include:

***Alvin Ailey Collection:***

Papers, correspondence, photographs, scrapbooks, posters, videos and
other dance materials of the great American dancer and choreographer.
Gift.

***Béla Bartók:***

Detailed, three-page autograph letter from the composer to his London
publisher regarding his Concerto for Orchestra, a landmark 20^th^
century work commissioned by the Library's Koussevitzky Music
Foundation. Purchase.

***Hall Johnson Collection:***

Music and papers of the significant African-American composer, choral
director, and author, most noted for his work on preserving the
integrity of the spiritual. Gift.

***Jerome Kern:***

The composer's holograph manuscript for the song The Last Time I Saw
Paris, annotated by Kern with a reminder to "phone Ira \[Gershwin\]" and
ask about "George's \[Gershwin\] French taxi horns\...," a reference to
instrumentation in Gershwin's American in Paris. Purchase.

***Wanda Landowska Collection:***

50,000 letters and papers, 1,000 pieces of music, 10,000 photographs,
and other archival items belonging to the legendary harpsichordist. The
collection also includes musical instruments, notably the performer's
two well-known harpsichords by the French maker Pleyel. Gift.

***Billy May Collection:***

Music scores and parts of the jazz composer and arranger, whose work
with Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, and Nat King Cole set industry
standards in the 1940s and 50s. Gift.

***Winston Sharples Collection:***

Music, papers, and other materials belonging to the Paramount Pictures
musical director, who wrote and orchestrated scores for over 600 films,
television shows, and cartoons, including Felix the Cat, Little Lulu,
Popeye, and Woody Woodpecker. Gift.

Other important acquisitions include:

***Samuel Barber:***

Composer's holograph manuscript of Toccata Festiva for organ and
orchestra. Purchase.

***George Gershwin:***

Manuscript in an unknown hand of the short score of Concerto in F. Gift.

***Oscar Hammerstein II:***

Lyric sheets, sketches, correspondence and clippings relating to the
great American lyricist. Gift.

***Jerry Herman Collection:***

Music manuscripts, scores and papers of the American musical theater
composer and lyricist, whose shows include Hello, Dolly! and Mame. Gift.

***Frederik Prausnitz Collection:***

Music manuscripts, annotated scores, correspondence and other papers of
the noted American conductor. Gift.

***David Raksin Collection:***

Concert music, papers, and photographs of the noted Hollywood composer.
Gift.

***Isaac Stern Collection:***

Additional materials for the collection of the world-renowned violinist.
Gift.

***Halsey Stevens Collection:***

Research materials and other papers, and music materials of the
well-known American composer, author and educator, whose book on
composer Bela Bartok is a standard text. Gift.

***Arrearage Reduction and Processing***

Music Division cleared 124,023 items from the arrearage of unprocessed
collections. In particular, significant reductions in the Billy Taylor
Collection (26,320 items), Theodore Presser Archive (39,508 items), and
the Budapest String Quartet Collection (17,946 items) represent
important progress towards making these collections fully accessible to
researchers. Processing work moved forward on other collections,
including: Bach Aria Group, Samuel Baron, Josef Gingold, Martha Graham
(complete inventory of correspondence), Serge Koussevitzky, Boris
Koutzen, Gerry Mulligan, Bronislava Nijinska (including translation of
primary documents from Russian), Leonard Smith, Whittall/Mendelssohn.

Scrapbooks from the Alvin Ailey Collection, and from the Desi Arnaz and
Lucille Ball Collection were prepared for microfilming; an on-going
project to reformat music publishers' catalogs continued.

Finding aids to the Otto Klemperer Archive and Robert Hall Lewis
Collection are now available.

***Reader Services***

The Reader Services Section initiated regularly scheduled tours of the
Performing Arts Reading Room, enabling researchers to familiarize
themselves with procedures and reference resources. Also instituted was
an online registration form for these sessions, as well as for
specialized group tours and orientations.

The Music Division provided 95,216 counts of direct reference service,
including 3,032 to in-person readers; 3,053 telephone requests; 102
written requests received by mail; and 1,855 electronic inquiries. More
than 87,174 items from the collections were served to library patrons.

Staff gave presentations to area school teachers in the "Adventure of
the American Mind" program, encouraging the use of digitized performing
arts collections in classroom lesson plans.

Music Specialists from the Music Division's Reader Services Section and
Catalogers from Special Materials Cataloging Division began a program of
cross-training designed to inform staff of each division and enable
certain tasks to be shared.

***Outreach and Public Events***

Building on an eighty-year tradition, concerts held in the Coolidge
Auditorium continued to serve as the public face of the Music Division
to a diverse and appreciative audience. The Music Division produced
events that featured critically acclaimed ensembles and scholarly
lectures and panel discussions. Highlights include:

> Founder's Day Concert featured the George Crumb Ensmeble in a 75^th^
> birthday tribute to the composer.
>
> Library debut of "Le Concert Spirituel," presented in cooperation with
> the Embassy of France.
>
> Concert by internationally acclaimed baritone Thomas Hampson, first in
> a series of collaborative efforts with the Hampsong Foundation.

The Beaux Arts Trio performed as part of its 50^th^ anniversary season.

> The Juilliard Quartet appeared in its final regular appearance on the
> Library's concert series; the concert featured the world premiere of
> Stephen Hartke's Diferencias, commissioned by the McKim Fund in the
> Library of Congress.

Pre-concert panel discussion "At the Crossroads: Latin American
Classical Music in the21^st^ century" was taped for the Library's Web
site; concert by the Aguava New Music Studio followed.

> The Washington Bach Consort presented "Bach Alive in the Nation's
> Library," first in a series of performances produced in collaboration
> with the choral ensemble and the Eleanor Remick Warren Society.
>
> Washington debut of the acclaimed early music ensemble "Akademie für
> Alte Musik Berlin."
>
> Concert featuring the world premiere of Fred Lerdahl's *Duo for Violin
> and Piano*, commissioned by the McKim Fund in the Library of Congress.

Other public events highlighted a wide range of Music Division projects:

"Jazz and the Soul Film," a ten week film series produced by staff from
the Music Division and Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound
Division began October 14 in the Pickford Theatre.

In October, the Music Division collaborated with the Juilliard String
Quartet on a three-stop tour in Southern California featuring concerts,
educational outreach activities, and displays of treasures from the
collections.

Instrument curators hosted a successful open house for visitors on May
25, including tours of the Dayton C. Miller Flute Collection and the
collection of string instruments. This event provided a rare look
"behind the scenes" for library staff and members of the public.

A reception held September 12 in the Whittall Pavilion honored
distinguished jazz musician B.B. King, who received the Library's Living
Legend award.

In conjunction with nine concerts, staff prepared displays of Music
Division materials for cases in the Coolidge Auditorium foyer. The
division continued to select and contribute items for the Gershwin
exhibit space in the Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles. Material from
the division was included in the traveling exhibits *Haven to Home* and
*Brown vs. Board of Education*.

The Music Division produced "Great Conversations in Music," a DVD
featuring discussions with eminent pianists, conductors, string
virtuosos, and composers in conversations moderated by pianist Eugene
Istomin.

***Publications***

Music Division staff continued to make frequent contributions to
scholarly and popular publications in their fields. Articles by staff
appeared in the journals *Early Music America,*

*Nineteenth-Century Music Review, Notes: The Journal of the Music
Library Association*, *Opera Today,* and *The Verdi Forum*, as well as
for publications of the Baltimore Opera, New York City Opera*,* and
Washington Opera. Monographs and book chapters include *Opera: The
Basics* (Routledge) and *Walt Whitman and Music* (Cambridge University
Press). Staff contributed program notes for performances sponsored by
the Charlotte Civic Orchestra, Dumbarton Concerts, Richmond
Philharmonic, and the Washington Concert Opera, as well as for
"Sondheim: the Story So Far\...," a CD set issued by Sony/BMG.

***Staff Retirements and Appointments***

Retirements:

Ruth Foss, Program Specialist in the Music Division, retired May 31 with
29 years of service.

Sandra Key, Music Specialist in the Music Division, retired April 29
with 42 years of service.

Jon Newsom, Chief of the Music Division, retired May 1 with 39 years of
service.

Appointments:

Susan Vita was appointed Acting Chief of the Music Division on June 13.

*-- Geraldine Ostrove, Cataloging Policy and Support Office*

**LC Semi-Annual Report to ALA.** More information about recent
initiatives undertaken at the Library of Congress is available on the
"LC at ALA" Website,
\<[[http://www.loc.gov/ala/ala-winter-2006.html]{.underline}](../%3Chttp://www.loc.gov/ala/ala-winter-2006.html%3E,)\>.
**Integrated Library Management System**. In November 2005, the Library
upgraded its integrated library management system to the Voyager with
Unicode Release. Users can now search and display Arabic, Chinese,
Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Persian, and Yiddish characters and scripts in
the Library of Congress Online Catalog. Over the past twelve months, the
Library has continued to expand access and improve service for users of
the Library of Congress Online Catalog ([catalog.loc.gov]{.underline}).
In the past year, the Library increased the number of simultaneous OPAC
sessions by 25 percent and saw a resulting decline in the number of
customers who could not be accommodated. The Library will continue to
monitor external use and seek ways to increase access for users.
**Cataloging Distribution Service (CDS)**. Ten CDS staff members retired
on January 3, more than one third of the staff. The division now has 17
staff members. Kathryn Mendenhall, chief of CDS, became full-time acting
director of the Partnerships and Outreach Programs Directorate in
November 2005. Barbara Tillett, chief of CPSO, is also acting chief of
CDS during Mendenhall's absence. She is assisted by Tom Yee, assistant
chief of CPSO, and Loche McLean and Bruce Johnson, who are rotating as
acting assistant chief of CDS.

**CPSO GENERAL**

**Database improvement**. The CPSO Database Improvement Unit has updated
approximately 525,000 records since the unit was formed on June 28,
2004. The unit corrected obsolete subject headings and descriptive
access points in bibliographic records as well as in name authority
records.

**Retirements.** As a result of the Congressional oversight committees'
approval of the Library's request to offer Voluntary Separation
Incentive Program buyouts and/or Voluntary Early Retirement Authority
retirements from selected service units, 5 staff members retired from
CPSO at the beginning of January, including one senior policy
specialist. We had already had two retirements from the policy team in
the recent past. Fortunately, we have been able to have several
detailees from the cataloging divisions for short assignments, and two
for longer periods.

**DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGING**

**MCDs.** Music Cataloging Decisions were absorbed into the *Library of
Congress Rule Interpretations* as of LCRI *2005 Update, no. 1*. That
*Update* incorporates the MCDs retrospectively, including minor
modifications and deletion of obsolete decisions. Future AACR 2 rule
interpretations regarding music will be issued only in the LCRI series.
The following MCDs were cancelled at the time the others were merged
with the LCRIs. See
\<[[http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/mcd.html]{.underline}](../%3Chttp://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/mcd.html)\>:

1.5E1 (obsolete)

5.7B20 (still valid; example moved to LCRI 1.7B20)

6.1F3 (obsolete)

6.5C3 (obsolete)

22.17 (no longer needed)

25.30B7 (sufficient guidance in LCRI 25.30B5)

25.30C4 (now in name authority records for composers)

26.4 (obsolete)

26.4D3 (obsolete)

**LCRI 1.0G1, Accents and Other Diacritical Marks.** Effective January
1, 2006, CPSO cancelled the prohibition on use of accent marks on
initial capital letters of words in manifestations published after 1801
in French, Spanish and Portuguese. This LCRI was reissued with
guidelines for implementation and became available February 1 via
Cataloger\'s Desktop. See \<
[[http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/accents.html]{.underline}](http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/accents.html)\>.

**LCRI 22.17, Dates***.* Death dates may now be added to existing
personal name headings according to the following guidelines:
optionally, add death dates to established headings that contain birth
dates only; continue the \"status quo\" regarding the restriction of
adding dates (birth and/or death) to existing headings that previously
had no dates and are not in conflict with other headings. See
\<[[http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcri22_17imp.html]{.underline}](../%3Chttp://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcri22_17imp.html%3E.)\>.
The revised RI became available via *Cataloger's Desktop* on February 1,
2006.

**LCRI 25.13. Manuscripts and Manuscript Groups draft available for
comment***.* Because this complex rule is used infrequently by most
catalogers, the lack of explicit guidelines has caused considerable
frustration and disparate results. Objectives of the revision and a
draft of a revised RI was posted for comment until January 30, 2006. See
\<[[http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/25_13.html]{.underline}](../%3Chttp://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/25_13.html)\>.
A report of the comments received by CPSO is forthcoming.

**Descriptive Cataloging Manual, Z1.** The 670 section has been updated
to include guidelines for the use of subfield \$u that allows catalogers
to add a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) in authority records when
needed. Appendix 1: Ambiguous headings has been updated to reflect
recent policy changes in regard to Forests, parks, and reserves as well
as to the appropriate MARC coding for U.S. tribal entities. Appendix 2:
Canadian Names clarifies that the Library and Archives, Canada will
maintain the status quo in regard to Canadian forests, parks, and
reserves as well as to names of Canadian First Nations.

**LC Guidelines supplement to the MARC 21 Format for Authority Data**
*(i.e., "Blue pages")* has been updated to reflect the use of subfield
\$u in the 670 field and guidelines for the use of 043 in authority
records have been issued.

**SUBJECT HEADINGS**

**Music.** Several revisions, though no policy changes, have been made
to subject headings in the field of music. Authority records and the
*Subject Cataloging Manual:Subject Headings* (SCM) have been changed
accordingly:

[SCM H 250, Music Heading Authority Records]{.underline}. New references
and/or scope notes are required for headings for styles of music, such
as **Alternative rock music** and for music for a solo instrument
qualified by style.

[SCM H 1161, Pattern Headings: Musical Instruments]{.underline}. In this
list of free-floating subdivisions, the multiples, such as **\$v Methods
(Jazz \[Bluegrass, etc.\])**, were removed and specific subdivisions
added with each of the qualifiers for style that may be used. Additional
subdivisions with new qualifiers can be added as needed.

Some new and changed headings in music are:

Bluegrass festivals *(May Subd Geog)*

Chamber music festivals (*May Subd Geog*)

Choruses, Sacred (Mixed voices)

with keyboard ensemble

Cylinder recordings

Hymns, Garifuna (*May Subd Geog*)

Electronic and harmonica

music (*May Subd Geog*)

Jazz-rock (Music) *(May Subd Geog)*

Latin pop (Music) *(May Subd Geog)*

Lullabies, English--United States

Lullabies, Spanish--Puerto Rico

Music by Jewish composers *(May Subd Geog)*

Musical instruments--Southeast Asia

Opera fesitvals (*May Subd Geog*)

Piano serial numbers

Polkabilly music (*May Subd Geog*)

Revival hymns (*May Subd Geog*)

Shape-note hymnals (*May Subd Geog*)

Sheet music (*May Subd Geog*)

**LCSH, 28^th^ edition**. The 2006 28^th^ edition of LCSH will include
approved subject headings and changes up to and including Weekly List 35
for the editorial meeting that met on August 31, 2005.

**Genre/Form Headings for Moving Images in LCSH**. Cataloging staff from
the Moving Image section of the Motion Picture, Broadcast & Recorded
Sound (MBRS) division, working with policy specialists in CPSO, have
begun a project to analyze the genre/form terms from *Moving Image
Genre-Form Guide (MIGFG)* and reconcile the terminology with LCSH. The
terminology from *Moving Image Materials: Genre Terms (MIM)* will also
be consulted as part of this project. The goal will be to move as much
of MIGFG as possible to LCSH, and to unambiguously indicate in LCSH
whether the terms are to be used as topics (i.e., subject authority
records tagged as 150) or genre/form headings (i.e., subject authority
records tagged as 155). The resulting subject authority records will be
the first issued as part of LCSH with the 155 tag and will be
supplemented with instructions for applying such headings in
bibliographic records in the *Subject Cataloging Manual:Subject
Headings*. Once LC has developed a draft list of headings to be
established in LCSH as genre/form headings, along with scope notes where
necessary and a list of principles used to establish such headings, the
proposal will be shared with the larger moving image community for input
and comment before the genre/form headings are established and
distributed as part of LCSH. We envision releasing the draft sometime
prior to the ALA annual conference in the summer of 2006.

**Geographic Authority Record Enhancement**. OCLC staff have been
consulting with CPSO staff to develop guidelines and procedures for
enhancing a selection of name authority records for jurisdictions by
programmatically adding 043 fields with geographic area codes (GACs) and
781 fields showing their geographic subject subdivision forms. It is
expected that several thousand records that meet project criteria can be
handled in this fashion and that the project could begin after ALA.

**CLASSIFICATION**

**Library of Congress Classification**. After a hiatus, inputting of the
revised edition of LCC Class M resumed. The new edition is expected to
replace the current one later this calendar year. The revision adds many
classes, such as geographic subdivisions, that have not previously been
published, and provides references to obsolete classes so that older
materials on the shelves can be easily be identified using shelflist
searches.

**Music 053 Project.** The retrospective portion of this project to add
biography classification numbers (053 fields) to authority records for
individuals and performance groups (ML410-ML429) completed
ML410.A-ML429.A and progressed to near completion of ML410.B.

***Subject Cataloging Manual:Shelflisting**.* The Cataloging Policy and
Support Office is planning to produce a new edition of the current
*Subject Cataloging Manual:Shelflisting*, combined into a single
physical volume with the current *Subject Cataloging
Manual:Classification*. In the meantime, much of the new and revised
material in the shelflisting manual is being made available in
*Cataloger\'s Desktop*.

*-- Catherine Hiebert Kerst, Folklife Specialist, American Folklife
Center*

***Key 2005 Acquisitions***

***Collection of Woody Guthrie Letters***: AFC purchased an important
collection of twenty-nine unpublished letters by and to Woody Guthrie
The letters in the collection discuss Guthrie's work and provide rare
insight into his remarkable life. Included with some of the letters are
song lyrics written by Guthrie. The letters and lyrics complement other
Guthrie materials already in AFC collections.

**Chang Yu-Chen Collection**: Consisting of 757 VHS and Beta videotapes,
this collection documents the performance of traditional Chinese opera
by master artists and opera companies in Los Angeles, New York,
Washington, D.C., and other cities in the United States over the course
of the past thirty years. The collection is especially significant
because it includes unique documentation of performances by revered
master performers, and has been used by Chinese opera groups in the
United States to help them maintain the highest artistic standards of
the tradition. This large, well-organized collection was created by the
late Chang Yu-Chen, a respected Chinese opera performer and teacher, and
it came to AFC as a donation by her husband, Vincent Y. S. Wong, of
Louisville, Kentucky.

**Vida Chenoweth Collection**: Ethnomusicologist Vida Chenoweth, of
Enid, Oklahoma, donated an increment to the Vida Chenoweth Collection
that consists of original sound recordings, photographs, manuscripts and
other materials that document the music, languages and other aspects of
the cultures of the Sentani, the Kosarek, and the Marirasi of Indonesia;
the Kol, the Baining, the Mangseng, the Blablanga, and the Halia of
Papua New Guinea; and various groups in Mexico.

**Curtis Cook Zuni Pueblo Storytelling Collection**: This collection
consists of numerous original audio recordings, manuscripts and
published works that document the Zuni language and traditional Zuni
narratives, along with associated photographs and other materials,
created by the donor, Curtis D. Cook, of Goodyear, Arizona, during the
1960s and 70s.

**StoryCorps Collection**: AFC received the first increment of the
StoryCorps Collection, a born-digital collection comprising oral history
interviews and family stories collected at Grand Central Terminal, New
York City, since the establishment of the StoryCorps project in 2004.
These recordings document the lives of ordinary Americans, and form an
oral historical record of life at the beginning of the twenty-first
century. The StoryCorps Project is ongoing, with future narratives
generated not only at the original StoryCorps site, but also at "Ground
Zero" in New York City, and by two mobile recording studios that are
visiting towns and cities throughout the United States.

***Processing and Cataloging***

During 2005, the Center's permanent processing staff completed the
processing and cataloging of 64 collections, including the following
with significant materials relating to musical performance and dance:

1.  1995 Neptune Plaza Concert Series Collection AFC 1995/001

2.  African Studies Collection AFC 1973/010

3.  American Folk Blues Festival Photograph Collection, 1962-1965 AFC
    2003/050

4.  Anthony G. Barrand Concert and Lecture Collection AFC 2003/032

5.  Blind Boys of Alabama Concert Collection AFC 2002/012

6.  Campbell Brothers and Katie Jackson Concert and Interview Collection
    AFC 2002/015

7.  Cellicion Traditional Zuni Dancers Concert Collection AFC 2002/021

8.  Chang Yu-Cheng Chinese Opera Video Collection AFC 2005/003

9.  Charivari Concert and Interview Collection AFC 2003/044

10. Chicago Ethnic Arts Project Collection - Exhibition Material AFC
    1981/004

11. Chuck Brown Concert Collection AFC 2002/014

12. Chuna McIntyre and the Nunamta Yup'ik Eskimo Dancers Collection AFC
    2003/049

13. Coal River Folklife Project AFC 1999/008

14. David Dunaway/Pete Seeger Interviews Collection AFC 2000/019

15. Don Conoscenti Collection AFC 2003/052

16. Eddie Pennington Concert and Interview Collection AFC 2002/010

17. Eleanor Jean Bonar Collection of Songs from Iowa and Kentucky AFC
    1971/001

18. Four Masters of Chinese Storytelling Collection AFC 2004/021

19. Ganga Concert Collection AFC 2003/040

20. Gary Le Gallant Collection of "Sugar in the Gourd" Television
    Programs AFC 2005/002

21. Hâlau o nâ Maolipua: Hawaiian Mele Hula AFC 2003/043

22. Howard T. Glasser Collection of Carnegie Ceilidh and Kingston
    Ceilidh Ephemera AFC 1970/011

23. Isabel Gordon Carter Collection AFC 2005/004

24. Jacob Evanson Collection of Folksongs for Pittsburgh School Students
    AFC 1948/007

25. James Madison Carpenter Collection AFC 1972/001

26. Jason Baird Jackson and Victoria Lindsay-Levine Collection of Yuchi
    Dance Music AFC 2001/009

27. Joe Derrane and Friends Concert and Interview Collection AFC
    2003/042

28. Julie McCullough/Folklore Society of Greater Washington Collection
    AFC 2002/003

29. Karl and the Country Dutchmen Concert and Interview Collection AFC
    2002/013

30. Leo Sarkisian and the Voice of America\'s "Music Time in Africa" /
    Bitrus Paul Gwamna (Thesis, PhD) AFC 1997/014

31. Les Gilliam Collection AFC 1999/009

32. Lew Green American Banjo Fraternity Collection AFC 1985/021

33. Mariachi Los Amigos Concert Collection AFC 2003/037

34. Marynell Young \"Vintage Fiddling in Eastern Kentucky\" Collection
    AFC 1986/007

35. Mingo Saldivar Concert and Interview Collection AFC 2002/017

36. Minnesota Scandinavian Ensemble and Becky Weis Concert and Interview
    Collection AFC 2003/045

37. Nancy-Jean Seigel Collection of Helen Hartness Flanders Material AFC
    1999/007

38. Old New England Concert and Interview Collection AFC 2002/019

39. Pinetop Perkins Concert Collection AFC 2002/020

40. Rhythms of Flamenco Lecture and Dance Demonstration AFC 2003/035

41. Robert M. Fleck Collection AFC 1977/009

42. Robert Sonkin Alabama and New Jersey Collection AFC 1941/018

43. Robert Turner and the Silver Heart Gospel Singers Concert Collection
    AFC 2003/046

44. Roberto and Lorenzo Martinez Interview Collection AFC 2003/047

45. Robin Hiteshew Collection AFC 1998/013

46. Sam Eskin Collection AFC 1999/004

47. Santiago Jimenez Concert Collection AFC 2002/016

48. Seldom Scene Concert and Interview Collection AFC 2003/036

49. Selma Jacobson Swedish-American Songbook and Humor Collection AFC
    1979/009

50. Sensación Vallenata con Gustavo Nieto Concert Collection AFC
    2003/041

51. Svetilen Concert and Lecture Collection AFC 2003/031

52. Tatiana Sarbinska Concert Collection AFC 2003/039

53. Tom Paxton Concert and Interview Collection AFC 2002/016

54. Warner Williams and Jay Summerour Concert and Interview Collection
    AFC 2003/038

55. Wylie and the Wild West Concert and Interview Collection AFC
    2003/048

56. YAR International Russian Folk Concert Collection AFC 2000/013

The **Homegrown Concert Series** is an ongoing project of the AFC to
document the best folk and traditional performing artists in the United
States for the archive's collections, as selected by state folk arts
coordinators in the U.S. Concerts held at the Library during 2005
included:

1.  April 21: Fiddler Liz Carroll and guitarist John Doyle
    (Irish-American music from Illinois)

2.  May 18: The Chu Shan Chinese Opera Institute (Maryland)

3.  June 21: Margaret MacArthur (Ballads from Vermont)

4.  July 20: D.W. Groethe (Cowboy songs and poetry from Montana)

5.  August 17: Benton Flippen and the Smokey Valley Boys (Old-time
    string-band music from North Carolina)

6.  September 20: Dale Jett and the Carter Singers' tribute to the
    Carter Family (Old-time country music from Virginia)

7.  October 12: Negura Peruana (Afro Peruvian music and dance from
    Connecticut)

8.  November 16: Dineh Tah Navajo Dancers

9.  December 7: The Birmingham Sunlights (African American Gospel
    quartet from Alabama)

The American Folklife Center's **Benjamin Botkin Folklife Lecture
Series** provides lectures that are free and open to the public at the
Library of Congress. The lectures offer a platform for folklife and
ethnomusicology professionals to present findings from original research
and add collection materials to the archive. Botkin Lectures in 2005
focusing on musical traditions include:

1.  February 23: \"Between Midnight and Day\" \-- an illustrated lecture
    by Dick Waterman, photographer, agent, manager, and promoter of
    traditional Blues artists

2.  March 23: "Music in Bulgaria: Experiencing Music, Expressing
    Culture," an illustrated lecture by Professor Timothy Rice,
    ethnomusicologist, UCLA

3.  September 28: "The Beat: Go-Go\'s Fusion of Funk and Hip-Hop" \--
    ethnomusicologist Kip Lornell discussing the book he co-authored
    with Charles C. Stephenson, Jr.

4.  November 17: "Collecting Traditional Sacred and Secular Music in the
    Republic of Georgia" \-- a lecture/concert by Malkhaz Erkvanidze,
    Georgian ethnomusicologist, performer, and choral leader with the
    Anchiskhati Choir

5.  December 13: "Song and Silence" -- a lecture by Sara M. Davis, a
    New-York based writer and former research in the Asia Division of
    Human Rights Watch, on her research among the Tai Lües, an ethnic
    minority in China.

***Ethnographic Thesaurus:***

During 2005, the AFC continued its participation in developing the
Ethnographic Thesaurus (ET), a comprehensive controlled list of subject
terms to be used in describing ethnographic, ethnomusicological, and
ethnological research collections. The ET is a cooperative project of
the American Folklore Society and the American Folklife Center and is
currently in its second year of development. Support for the project is
provided through a grant from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to create
an ethnographic thesaurus. Considerable headway has been made on the
current draft of the ET in the Music facet, including Musical
instruments, Musicology, and Musical genres. For additional information
about the Ethnographic Thesaurus, please check the ET website at:
[www.etproject.org]{.underline} or sign up for our mailing list at
[http://listserv.gmu.edu/cgi-bin/wa?SUBED1=ethnographic-thesaurus-l&A=1]{.underline}

***WIPO/UNESCO***:

The American Folklife Center continued its involvement in international
discussions concerning intellectual property, folklore, traditional
knowledge and genetic resources during 2005. Peggy Bulger, Director of
the Folklife Center, served on the U.S. delegation to the World
Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and participated in meetings
of U.S. government officials concerning cultural policy matters
involving intellectual property.

**OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN**

***VSIP/VERA (Buyout/Early-Out):***

This year, the Congressional oversight committees approved the
Library\'s request to offer Voluntary Separation Incentive Program
buyouts and/or Voluntary Early Retirement Authority retirements from
targeted positions and functions in three service units: Congressional
Research Service (up to 50 buyouts), Library Services (up to 175
division-wide, plus all eligible employees in the Motion Picture,
Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division), and Integrated Support
Services (up to9 buyouts). In order to assure that the VSIP/VERA program
will be cost-neutral to the Library, employees electing the buyout had
to retire by January 3, 2006. The savings from unpaid salaries from
January 3 through September 30 will offset the cost of the incentive
payments. Employees had to submit buyout requests by Friday, December 2,
2005. As of that time, the number of VSIP/VERA retirement applications
was: Library Services -- 174; CRS -- 31; ISS--7; total for the Library
-- 212.

**THOMAS HAMPSON TOUR**

The Library began an 11-city U.S. tour celebrating creativity across
America with concerts, educational outreach efforts and receptions in
Kansas City, Missouri, and Fort Worth, Texas, in November. Noted
baritone Thomas Hampson headlined the events in both Kansas City and
Fort Worth with sold out concert performances. The first two legs of the
creativity tour were also widely praised in the press for raising
awareness of the benefits the Library has to offer and for the wonderful
displays from the Library\'s collections that were brought to these
cities. Several Members of Congress and their staffs participated in the
Kansas City and Fort Worth events, including Senator Kay Bailey
Hutchison (R-Tex.) who welcomed Dr. Billington to the opening reception
at the Fort Worth Modern Art Museum. The Library continued the Hampson
Tour to Philadelphia (January 8), St. Paul (January 17) and New York
City (January 19). Other cities the Library plans to visit before the
tour concludes are Detroit (March 15), West Palm Beach, Florida (March
19), Oxford, Mississippi (March 21), Chicago (May 28), Omaha (May 30)
and San Jose, California (June 3). Further information on the Hampson
Tour can be found at \<<http://www.loc.gov/creativity/hampson/>\>.

**WORLD DIGITAL LIBRARY**

Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and Google Co-Founder Sergey
Brin announced on November 22, 2005, that Google would contribute \$3
million to the Library\'s initiative to begin a World Digital Library
(WDL) for use by other libraries around the globe. The effort would be
supported by funds from nonexclusive, public and private partnerships,
of which Google is the first.

The concept for the WDL came from a speech that the Librarian delivered
to the newly established U.S. National Commission for UNESCO on June 6,
2005, at Georgetown University.

To lay the groundwork for the WDL, the Library will develop a plan for
identifying technology issues related to digitization and organization
of WDL collections. The content of the World Digital Library, like that
of American Memory, will be primarily one-of-a-kind materials, including
manuscript and multimedia materials of the particular culture.

Dr. Billington named John Van Oudenaren, chief of the European Division
and head of the Global Gateway digital library project, as the
Library\'s senior advisor for the WDL initiative, effective December 19.
Also in December, Associate Librarian for Library Services Deanna Marcum
presented the World Digital Library Program to the Governing Board of
the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.
The Board was enthusiastic about the WDL concept and pledged support.

**ACQUISITIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC ACCESS DIRECTORATE**

***Acquisitions and Cataloging in Overseas Offices:*** Lygia Ballantyne
retired from the Library on January 3, 2006. She was director of the
Library\'s office in New Delhi, India, and served during the past
sixteen months as acting chief of the African/Asian Acquisitions and
Overseas Operations Division (AFAOVOP). James Gentner, director of the
Cairo Office (Egypt), will serve as acting division chief of AFAOVOP for
four months beginning no later than March. Carol Mitchell, currently
acting director of the Islamabad Office (Pakistan), has agreed to serve
concurrently as the acting director for the Cairo Office during this
interval.

The Library\'s overseas offices (in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Cairo,
Egypt; New Delhi, India; Jakarta, Indonesia; Nairobi, Kenya; Islamabad,
Pakistan; and the sub-office in Bangkok, Thailand), administered in
AFAOVOP, acquire and catalog materials from countries in which the book
trade is not well developed; provide preservation controls such as
binding and microfilming for many materials they acquired; and conduct
the Cooperative Acquisitions Program (CAP) to enable other libraries to
acquire materials for their own collections on a cost-recovery basis.
The overseas offices made major progress this year toward full
integration with the Library\'s acquisitions and bibliographic access
processes in Washington. After intensive training in Washington in the
ILS cataloging module for all types of material including electronic
resources, microforms, and maps, all offices are able to catalog
independently in the ILS.

***Bibliographic Enrichment Activities:***

John Celli, Chief of the Cataloging in Publication (CIP) Division,
became chair of the Bibliographic Enrichment Advisory Team upon the
retirement of founding chair John Byrum on January 3, 2006. John Celli
and cataloging automation specialist David Williamson will coordinate
and manage BEAT projects. Patricia Hayward, program specialist in the
CIP Division, will assist with administrative and other support. For
more information, please see \<<http://www.loc.gov/catdir/beat/>\>

***Automated Web Cataloging with the Web Cataloging Assistant*:** An
outgrowth of BEAT\'s Web Access to Publications in Series project (see
below), Web Cataloging Assistant has been in operation since June of
2004. It is currently being used to catalog monographs from 32 different
series. As of November 30, 2005, it has accounted for nearly 4,000
electronic monographs cataloged. This project allows a cataloger to
examine the abstract page for a particular monograph on the Web, and by
using computer and programmed functions effect the creation of a MARC
record that is automatically added to the LC database. This record
includes an abstract of the title represented. The cataloger
subsequently adds subject headings and performs any needed authority
work. The capability greatly reduces manual aspects of the project and
allows catalogers to concentrate on the intellectual work, thus
providing an enriched record through largely automated means.

***BEAT Book Reviews Projects:*** This ongoing BEAT project to include
links to scholarly reviews expanded in fiscal 2005 to include reviews
from E-Streams and Education Reviews.

***Collaborative Project to Study iVia Software:*** The Library has a
cooperative agreement in the final stages with the INFOMINE Project
(\<[http://infomine.ucr.edu](http://infomine.ucr.edu/)\>) at the
University of California, Riverside. This cooperative agreement would
test the iVia software (\<<http://infomine.ucr.edu/iVia/>\>) developed
for the INFOMINE project. iVia harvests, analyzes, and processes
metadata from Web sites and other digital objects for use in the
INFOMINE database. The parties believe that it would benefit the library
community worldwide to incorporate the Library\'s subject authority and
classification data into the iVia automatic classifier capability. It is
thought that the incorporation of this data will improve the ability of
the iVia software to generate metadata useful to the Library and other
libraries, with minimal intervention by cataloging staff. The
cooperative agreement was pending as of December 30.

***Digital Tables of Contents:*** The Digital Tables of Contents project
creates machine-readable Table of Contents (TOC) data from TOC
surrogates and these materials are subsequently HTML-encoded and placed
on a server at the Library. The process cross-links the TOC to
underlying catalog records. Both the catalog records and the linked TOC
data may be viewed through a Web browser by accessing the Library\'s
online catalog access options. Over 32,000 TOCs have been created and
linked in this project. In 2005, over 6000 TOCs have been added to the
project. In addition, more than 8.8 million hits have been recorded on
the TOC files section of BEAT Web pages for the three Web-based TOC
projects combined.

***Machine Generated 505 Table of Contents (MG 505):*** This BEAT
project adds full text table of contents (TOC) data to catalog records
-- information that was previously available only through links from
within catalog records to LC\'s Web-based TOCs for those items. In
addition to English language materials, the project has recently
expanded to include items in German.

The original TOC data was generated from information captured from the
scanned table of contents images from books and is now being added to
field 505 by computer programs. Fields with such information are
preceded by the legend: \"Machine generated contents note:\" and are not
reviewed for punctuation. Because the scanned table of contents reflect
a wide variety of formats and structures, a small percentage of records
may contain errors in the placement and configuration of the 505 texts.
Begun in February 2005, this project has produced 10,000 machine
generated TOC.

***Web Access to Publications in Series:*** This project has several
facets, the first of which is to link many \"working paper/discussion
paper\" type serial publications to their Web-based electronic versions.
These links provide access to electronic versions of these publications.
With this project LC provides more timely, comprehensive, and cost
effective access to these series. In a second area of activity the
Library\'s Serial Record Division is creating electronic serial records
for a number of high research value monographic series that have not
been represented in LC\'s catalogs, thereby opening up a rich, new
source of information for researchers who may now access electronic
versions of those items. These efforts have provided access to the full
electronic texts of 30,000 individual monographs. In all, Web Access to
Publications in Series currently has links to more than 350 series. A
noteworthy enhancement to both the project and for Business Reference
Services, Science, Technology and Business Division, has been the
creation of a Web-accessible database of Technical Reports and Working
Papers in Business and Economics for series covered by the project. The
database can be accessed at
\<<http://www.loc.gov/rr/business/techreps/techrepshome.php>\>

***Web Access to Works in the Public Domain:*** This BEAT initiative
links LC bibliographic records to full text electronic copies of the
materials residing in other institutions. The Library expects to provide
users with substantive information about these materials as well as
access to their full texts. In 2005, BEAT processed items from new
sources: RAND Corporation, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, the
University of Maryland Law School, and the University of Wisconsin
Digital Collections.

***Casalini Shelf-Ready Project:***

The Library\'s project to acquire shelf-ready materials, with complete
cataloging and some book preparation, from its Italian book vendor,
Casalini libri, moved into the production phase in October 2005. The
project began in 2004 and proceeded in three phases. The first two
phases involved the contribution of 2,200 Casalini-produced
bibliographic records, with associated authority work for the final 400,
in compensation for intensive training, review, and feedback to Casalini
by Library of Congress experts. In 2006, the Library expects to obtain
up to 3,500 core-level bibliographic records from Casalini, which has
joined NACO and SACO, the name and subject authority components of the
Program for Cooperative Cataloging, and will contribute necessary
authority work to support access points on these records to OCLC.
Serials, volumes added to multivolume sets, belles lettres, and certain
other materials are excluded from the project; the Library will continue
to catalog at least half its Italian materials in-house during this
phase. A Library of Congress bibliographic record that was prepared by
Casalini carries an 040 field with values: \$a ItFiC \$c ItFiC \$d DLC.

The shelf-ready pilot project enabled ABA to reassign three acquisitions
staff members who were needed elsewhere. However, the impact on the
workload of bibliographic access reviewers and trainers was greater than
originally predicted, as more than three full-time equivalent staff
positions were devoted to cataloging review for half of fiscal year
2005.

***Cataloging Distribution Service (CDS):***

***Cataloger\' s Desktop:*** Migration to the Web of Cataloger\'s
Desktop is now complete. The Cataloging Distribution Service (CDS) will
shortly introduce a simplified user interface and a reorganized and
easier-to-use table of contents.

***Cataloging Documentation Survey:*** CDS conducted a cataloging
documentation survey this past summer. The survey was available directly
from the CDS Web page. Among the major findings were the following:

6.  Some interest in PDF versions of updates to CDS\'s looseleaf
    publications \[see section directly above this for details\], but,
    generally, PDF was not a preferred format for LC documentation
    users.

7.  Classification Web was the preferred format for accessing Library of
    Congress Subject Headings;

8.  Cataloger\'s Desktop was the preferred format for accessing LC\'s
    cataloging documentation.

9.  Forty percent of respondents used the paper print versions of
    documentation to supplement their use of the Web products.

***CDS Retirements and Transition:*** Ten CDS staff members retired on
January 3--more than one third of the staff. The division now has
seventeen staff members. Kathryn Mendenhall, chief of CDS, became
full-time acting director of the Partnerships and Outreach Programs
Directorate in November 2005. Barbara Tillett, chief of CPSO, is also
acting chief of CDS during Mendenhall\'s absence. She is assisted by Tom
Yee, assistant chief of CPSO. In addition, Loche McLean and Bruce
Johnson will rotate as acting assistant chiefs of CDS, with McLean
taking on that role for the first quarter of the calendar year.

***Free PDF Versions of Selected Publications:*** The following
publications will be available as free PDF files beginning with issues
published after January 1, 2006:

1.  Cataloging Service Bulletin

2.  Updates to Library of Congress Rule Interpretations

3.  Updates to Subject Cataloging Manual

4.  Subject Headings

5.  Updates to CONSER Editing Guide

6.  Updates to CONSER Cataloging Manual

7.  Updates to MARC 21 format documentation.

The traditional paper publications will continue to be available from
CDS by paid subscription. Based on CDS\'s experiences offering PDF
versions of these selected publications throughout 2006, CDS may decide
to offer additional titles in PDF format.

***Migration to Server-based Environment:*** CDS has nearly completed a
lengthy migration of the mainframe production system to a server-based
system. The move involved many legacy programs dating to the early
1960\'s. Some could not be installed without rewriting code. We hope to
finish the process in 2006.

***New Voyager Unicode Implementation and Delete Records:*** The new
Voyager Unicode implementation had to be completely tested before CDS
made the switch. Ninety percent of the affected programs are now
functioning without problems. One exception relates to the distribution
of delete records. There is a problem with the delete processing when
certain diacritics are present. CDS is aware of the problem and has
identified the records. Subscribers need not report the missing records.
CDS hope to resolve the issue soon and will redistribute the missing
delete records.\
A positive result of the new Voyager Unicode system is that CDS is now
in a position to distribute UTF-8 encoded records. For the near future,
UTF-8 distribution will be in response to requests from subscribers.

***Training products:*** During 2006, four new courses and their
accompanying CDS materials will be introduced:

1.  Metadata Standards and Applications

2.  Principles of Controlled Vocabulary and Thesaurus Design

3.  Digital Project Management for the 21st Century

4.  Digital Library Design Overview

During the last year, the following training courses and accompanying
CDS materials were revised:

1.  Integrating Resources Cataloging Workshop

2.  Basic Serials Cataloging Workshop

3.  Advanced Serials Cataloging Workshop

A new course and accompanying CDS material, Basic Creation of Name and
Title Authorities, was introduced.

***Cataloging in Publication:***

In early spring 2006, the Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication
(CIP) Program will launch two separate online surveys to U.S. libraries
and U.S. publishers. The year 2006 marks the 35th anniversary of the CIP
program, an appropriate time to review the status of the program and to
obtain feedback from the communities it serves.

The surveys are designed to obtain input on a number of critical issues
facing the CIP program and its future. They will help the Library of
Congress identify the full scope of how CIP data is currently used and
how the program can be improved, so that it can better meet the needs of
the library and publishing communities, while improving throughput,
efficiency and reducing costs.

The surveys will be posted on the Library of Congress homepage and
notice of their availability will be advertised through the American
Library Association and the Association of American Publishers. For
further information about the 2006 CIP surveys, please contact Oxana
Horodecka, Coordinator of Electronic Programs, CIP Division, Library of
Congress: <ohor@loc.gov>

***Duplicate Materials Exchange Program (DMEP):***

An outgrowth of a business process improvement project initiated in
2002, DMEP had as its goals to maintain or improve equitable exchanges
with active partners; reduce ABA staff time needed to manage exchange
programs; reduce space used to store duplicates, list materials, and
pack items; reduce expense by reducing the number of times that items
were physically handled; and implement a Web-based customer interface to
replace paper lists. All goals have now been achieved, and the
Library\'s exchanges with partners around the globe are centrally
serviced through DMEP. The online interface for the program, Web DMEP,
was launched at the end of July 2005 to 3,063 partners in 118 countries.
The site employed shopping cart functionality to allow the Library\'s
exchange partners to select desired materials in exchange for materials
that they send to the Library. Web DMEP offered instantaneous selection,
inventory control, partner access to an entire database of available
titles in all subject areas; and many other improvements over the
traditional process of distributing printed lists of available
materials. For exchange partners without Web access, the program
continued to distribute printed lists containing a different, but
comparable, selection of books. In fiscal 2005, the Library sent its
exchange partners 11,197 books requested from printed DMEP exchange
lists and 4,574 books requested from Web DMEP.

***Program for Cooperative Cataloging/Cooperative Cataloging Team:***

Highlights from the Program statistics for fiscal FY05 include:

1.  new name authority records:162,099

2.  new series authority records: 9,889

3.  new subject authority records: 2,962

4.  new bibliographic records:66,809

5.  CONSER authentications: 23,692

6.  CONSER maintenance: 32,246

Growth in membership has continued at an even pace, with the PCC
reaching the 500 member mark during the fiscal year. A large number of
training sessions for new and current members were conducted over the
past year--64 institutions and over 100 catalogers received NACO
training; the majority of these sessions were done by non-LC staff.
Outreach efforts in under-represented areas such as East Asian,
African-American, and other minority groups had notable successes with
the training of the Harvard Yenching Library for BIBCO (monograph
bibliographic record cooperative program), the NACO (name authority
cooperative program) membership of the National Indian Law Library, and
the formation and training of a Caribbean NACO and SACO (subject
authority cooperative program) funnel centered in the University of the
West Indies.

A further notable development is the consolidation of SACO as a program
with membership, training, and quality/quantity requirements.
Experienced catalogers have agreed to serve as SACO mentors in the
field, working with new members. This will spread the training and
review expertise outside the LC staff.

**TECHNOLOGY POLICY DIRECTORATE**

***Automation Planning and Liaison Office (APLO):***

Susan M. Hayduchok retired as chief of APLO at the end of 2005. Cheryl
Cook, who recently became a supervisor in APLO, is carrying out most of
the chief\'s duties, supported by Henry Rossman, acting director for
Technology Policy.

***Integrated Library System (ILS) Program Office:***

***Electronic Rights Management System:*** In 2006 the Library will
implement a Web interface to its Electronic Rights Management System
(ERMS) to improve user access to electronic resources. The ERMS Web
interface will deliver a consolidated A to Z listing and up-to-date
holdings information. A search engine will provide access to these
electronic resources for staff and users. This Web interface will
provide a gateway to the full text of articles from e-resources via
multiple search options. Future directions for the project include
exploring the integration of the ERMS with other production systems,
such as Find It , LC\'s OpenURL Resolver, to serve as a target for a
listing of LC\'s e-journal holdings.

***Encoded Archival Description:*** LC\'s seven special format divisions
created over 25 new EAD finding aids in 2005. The 291 finding aids
indexed in LC\'s EAD InQuery search system provide access to more than
16 million archival items in LC\'s collections. The LC ILS contains
collection level summary records that point to these EAD finding aids
through persistent identifiers (handles). RLG regularly harvests LC\'s
EAD finding aids for inclusion in their Archival Resources site, a
\"union catalog\" of finding aids. In addition, the new PDF
manifestations of LC\'s EAD finding aids are prominently indexed by
search engines such as Google and Yahoo, which provides increased
visibility to LC\'s archival collections.

In fiscal 2005, LC\'s EAD Technical Group completed LC\'s implementation
of EAD2002, the revised EAD XML DTD released by the Society of American
Archivists into **production in** January 2004. Using a conversion
software toolkit written by LC\'s Music Division staff, all existing LC
finding aids were converted to XML. PDF versions were also creating
(using XSL-FO) to provide printable documents for LC reading rooms. With
ITS assistance, ILS staff modified LC\'s EAD InQuery search system.

***Find It , LC\'s OpenURL Resolver:*** As part of the Library\'s
ongoing efforts to improve service to its users, the Library implemented
Find It!, an OpenURL resolver. Using the SFX software from Ex Libris,
Inc., Find It! enables users to navigate seamlessly between
independently managed resources by generating links from citations for
resources to full digital content and other services, such as tables of
contents and abstracts; the Library of Congress Online Catalog; the
Library\'s title lists of available electronic journals; and Web search
engines.

***Handle Server:*** The Library uses CNRI\'s handle server software to
provide persistent identification of LC-managed electronic resources. In
2005, LC migrated its handle server application to an Oracle platform
and Library staff registered more than 750,000 new handles. The
Library\'s handle server now contains over 1.25 million handles.

***Integrated Library Management System:*** In November 2005, the
Library upgraded its integrated library management system to the Voyager
with Unicode Release. This upgrade accomplished the conversion of the LC
Database to Unicode, a character coding system designed to support the
interchange and display of the written texts of the diverse languages of
the modern world. Users can now search and display Arabic, Chinese,
Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Persian, and Yiddish characters and scripts in
the Library of Congress Online Catalog.

During the upgrade, the Library reduced the number of simultaneous
external OPAC and Z39.50 sessions in order to allocate additional system
resources for processing the conversion and indexing of the database.
Shortly after the completion of the upgrade the Library resumed all
previous levels of access. The Library regrets any inconvenience to
users and appreciates their patience during this brief period.

The Library has provided extensive Help Files to guide users in
adjusting the settings in their operating systems and Web browser to
enable proper display of all characters in the LC Online Catalog. These
Help Files are available at: <http://catalog.loc.gov/help/unicode.htm>,
and contain information about fonts for display and printing records. A
presentation on the Library\'s implementation of Unicode is available
at: <http://www.loc.gov/ils/>

Over the past twelve months, the Library has continued to expand access
and improve service for users of the Library of Congress Online Catalog
(catalog.loc.gov). In the past year the Library increased the number of
simultaneous OPAC sessions by 25 percent and saw a resulting decline in
the number of customers who could not be accommodated. The Library will
continue to monitor external use and seek ways to increase access for
users. In 2005, the Library expanded use of its integrated library
management system to its six overseas offices. Staff in Cairo,
Islamabad, Jakarta, Nairobi, New Delhi, and Rio de Janeiro now perform
cataloging and acquisitions activities in the LC ILS. The Cataloging
Distribution Service successfully migrated to a Voyager database in
December 2005.

***Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.:***

On March 29, 2005, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments in the MGM v.
Grokster litigation. The case was described by many as the most
significant copyright issue to come before the Court in decades.

Grokster and Streamcast distributed software freely over the Internet
that enabled users to directly search the hard drives of other users of
the software for files of any kind. Billions of copyrighted works have
been copied with the assistance of these, and similar, software
applications. The software manufacturers acknowledged this infringing
activity, but claimed that the software was also capable of
noninfringing uses and therefore that the software manufacturers should
not be liable for the activity of its users.

In essence, the litigation involved the question of whether
decentralized peer-to-peer file sharing services are liable for
contributing to the copyright infringement by users of these services.
Although there was no question that the vast majority of the uses of
these services were infringing, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth
Circuit held that these services were not contributorily liable for the
actions of their users because these P2P services were \"capable of
substantial noninfringing uses.\" Interpreting the Supreme Court\'s 1984
Sony Betamax decision as a per se rule, the Ninth Circuit found that
this Sony decision precluded the imposition of secondary liability on
Grokster and Streamcast.

The United States Government filed a brief and participated in oral
argument on behalf of the copyright owners. The United States Government
disagreed with the court of appeals\' decision and filed an amicus
curiae brief arguing that this case was different from Sony, and that
the Ninth Circuit had misconstrued the Sony decision as a per se rule.
The Government argued that courts must examine all of the relevant facts
in order to determine whether secondary liability should be imposed. The
Government argued that the Ninth Circuit, by misconstruing Sony as a per
se rule, failed to consider critical facts. The Government argued that
liability could be predicated on the defendants\' active inducement of
infringement by the users of their software.

On June 27, 2005, the Supreme Court unanimously reversed the Ninth
Circuit and remanded the case for further findings of fact. The Court
found that the Ninth Circuit misconstrued the Sony decision when it
failed to consider evidence that the distributor of the product or
services induced infringement by users. The Court held that secondary
liability for copyright infringement may be established by proving that
a distributor of products or services induced others to engage in
copyright infringement.

On September 28, 2005, the Register of Copyrights testified at a hearing
before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary on \"Protecting Copyright
and Innovation in a Post-Grokster World.\" She stated that the emergence
of online music distribution demonstrated that technological progress
can bring societal advances and also beget legal quagmires. In its
ruling in Grokster, the Supreme Court clarified that those who offer
products and services in a way that induces others to engage in
copyright infringement can be held secondarily liable for that
infringement.

While a U.S. Supreme Court decision has no binding precedential value
outside the U.S., since the Grokster decision three courts spanning the
globe have reached results consistent with the result in Grokster. A
beneficial side effect of the publicity given to the Grokster decision
is that it has helped to bring the issue of illegal file sharing to
public consciousness and made it more difficult for defenders of the
practice to claim that it is lawful. This Supreme Court decision affords
legitimate music services an opportunity to make great strides in
further educating the public and developing successful business models
for marketing their products. Such developments will assist the
copyright owners to obtain the benefits of their exclusive rights and
help users to engage in lawful use of these copyrighted works.

***Orphan Works*:**

In January 2005, the Copyright Office announced the beginning of its
study of issues surrounding \"orphan works\" -- copyrighted works whose
owners are difficult or even impossible to identify and locate. The
study is a response to concerns that uncertainty surrounding ownership
of these works might needlessly discourage subsequent creators and users
from using works in socially productive ways, such as by incorporating
these works in new creative efforts, or by making them available to the
public. The study seeks to address these concerns by soliciting public
comment on the issue in order to determine whether a legislative,
regulatory, or other solution might be appropriate.

The study was conducted in three phases. The first phase involved the
solicitation of written comments from the public. The January 26th
Notice of Inquiry published in the Federal Register invited the public
to submit written comments during an initial 60**-**day period. The
Office received approximately 700 unique comments before the deadline on
March 25, 2005.

After this initial period expired, the Notice of Inquiry also provided
for a 45-day period during which the public was invited to submit reply
comments addressing issues raised by the initial comments. The Office
received about 150 unique comments before this period concluded on May
9, 2005. Both the initial comments and the reply comments have been
posted on the Copyright Office\'s Web site.

The next phase involved the review and evaluation of the written
comments. After some review, the Office held roundtable meetings with
dozens of interested parties in summer 2005 in both Washington, D.C.,
and Berkeley, California, as part of an effort to produce a report and
recommendations on orphan works in January 2006.

The study has the support of several members of Congress who are
frequently engaged in copyright issues. On January 5, 2005, Senators
Orrin Hatch and Patrick Leahy, the chairman and ranking member,
respectively, of the Senate Judiciary Committee\'s Subcommittee on
Intellectual Property, asked the Register of Copyrights to study this
issue and to report findings by the end of the year. In the same month,
Reps. Lamar Smith and Howard Berman, the chairman and ranking member,
respectively, of the House Judiciary Committee\'s Subcommittee on
Courts, the Internet and Intellectual Property, sent letters to the
Register supporting the study.

***Section 108 Study Group:***

The Section 108 Study Group, convened under the aegis of the National
Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) and
co-sponsored by the U.S. Copyright Office, began its work this spring.
The goal of the group, named after the section of the U.S. Copyright Act
that provides limited exceptions for libraries and archives, is to
prepare findings and make recommendations to the Librarian of Congress
by mid-2006 for possible alterations to the law that reflect current
technologies. This effort will seek to strike the appropriate balance
between copyright holders and libraries and archives in a manner that
best serves the public interest.

The creation of the study group was prompted in part by the increasing
use of digital media. Digital technologies are radically transforming
how copyrighted works are created and disseminated, and also how
libraries and archives preserve and make those works available. Cultural
heritage institutions, in carrying forward their missions, have begun to
acquire and incorporate large quantities of \"born digital\" works into
their holdings to ensure the continuing availability of those works to
future generations.

Section 108 of the Copyright Act permits libraries and archives to make
certain uses of copyrighted materials in order to serve the public and
ensure the availability of works over time. Among other things, section
108 provides limited exceptions for libraries and archives to make
copies in specified instances for preservation, replacement and patron
access. These provisions were drafted with analog materials in mind,
and, as has been observed, do not adequately address many of the issues
unique to digital media, either from the perspective of rights owners or
libraries and archives. The Section 108 Study Group will review and
document how section 108 should be revised in light of the changes
wrought by digital technologies, while maintaining balance between the
interests of rights holders and library and archive patrons.

The Section 108 Study Group is made up of copyright experts from various
fields, including law, publishing, libraries, archives, film, music,
software and photography, and it is co-chaired by Laura Gasaway,
director of the law library and professor of law at the University of
North Carolina, and Richard Rudick, former vice president and general
counsel of John Wiley and Sons. (See
\<<http://www.loc.gov/section108/>\>)

***Digitizing Sound Initiative:***

Two initiatives continued with the Department of Energy\'s Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory. The first, entitled the \"Image,
Reconstruct, Erase Noise, Etc.\" (IRENE) Project, funded by the Library
and by the National Endowment for the Humanities, is aimed at building a
fast two-dimensional scanning machine for lateral discs. A functioning
prototype was assembled and scans made with that machine have
demonstrated the required performance. Development work on the full
scale software package is underway. Analytical studies research effort
is centered on the use of a precision surface profiling probe that
utilizes confocal microscopy. Various scans and tests have been made on
a diversity of media including wax and celluloid cylinders, shellac,
lacquer, and aluminum discs, and plastic dictation belts. Audio clips
from Edison and wax Dictaphone cylinders, some from the Jack London
residence at the Jack London State Park in Glen Ellen, California and
heavily damaged by \"mold,\" have been recovered.

A number of preliminary conclusions are under consideration which impact
on optimal scanning strategies and scan times. This project was
presented at the Library in May 2005. The second initiative, entitled
\"Analytical Studies using Non-Contact Methods on Mechanical Recording
Media,\" is funded by the Library with additional support from the
Mellon Foundation. The research effort is aimed at measurements using
the full three-dimensional surface profiles of phonograph discs to
extract the maximum information from the recorded sound carrier. A paper
describing the 3D studies was published in the Journal of the Audio
Engineering Society in June 2005.

A goal of this effort is to develop an IRENE-like proposal for a 3D
scanning system that could be used by the Library. That proposal would
be ready in mid-2006. Significant outreach activity has explained this
research and its value to a diverse audience including archivists,
conservators, scientists, audio professionals, students, and the general
public. Approximately 30 invited talks have been presented and a large
number of newspaper and magazine articles, and radio and TV spots have
appeared.

***Preparation of Collections for Moving to Off-Site Storage Facilities
Program:*** Additional three-year initiatives to prepare collections for
environmentally controlled cool and cold storage in buildings at
Culpeper and Fort Meade continued. A team of conservators continued to
work with curators of Motion Picture, Broadcast, and Recorded Sound
Division (MBRS) and the American Folklife Center to assess and make
recommendations for over 400 collections earmarked for transfer to NAVCC
in Culpeper.

To date, all collections have been assessed and recommendations have
been made for stabilization of collections prior to the move and during
transport. Over 1,157,000 selected books, manuscripts, art on paper,
maps, photographs, color transparencies, microfilms, motion picture
films, and magnetic media have been prepared for moving to Fort Meade
and Culpeper. The last of two contracts awarded for move preparation was
completed in fiscal 2005. Central Business Group completed processing
and rehousing 125,000 nitrate films now stored at Dayton, Ohio. In
collaboration, MBRS preservation specialists inventoried 52,000 items,
sorted and evaluated 58,000, treated 13,500, and labeled over 210,000
audio/visual items. Research was done on customized housing for cylinder
recordings, broken discs, and the paper print collections, as well as
analysis of the composition of discs and cylinders. Proposals were made
for high-risk collections, such as lacquer discs. Work continued toward
developing specifications for film cans that protect contents from acid
build-up and moisture penetration, and for labels that can withstand
cold storage.

A second team of conservators continued to prepare collections for
moving to Fort Meade, doing assessments, treatments, rehousing,
labeling, and development of specifications for new housing materials
and techniques for approximately 450 special format collections of about
30 million items. Specifically, assessments were done for 15 collections
(1,542,500 items), with 2,000 for paper and 1,540,500 for photos.
Surveys were done for 5,499 items: 4,014 for bound volumes; 769 for
paper items; and 716 for photographs. Housing was completed for 78,339
items: 6,861 bound volumes; 1,895 paper items; 69,552 photographs; and
31 three-dimensional objects. Treatment was done for 331 paper items and
150 photographs. Labeling was completed for 2,089 books and pamphlets.
Highlights from this initiative include completion of the stabilization
and housing of 4,014 pamphlets from the world\'s largest collection of
Brazilian chapbooks, and the treatment of 150 and rehousing of 77,000
photographs from the PR 1-6 Filing Cabinets Collection stored in
damaging file cabinets at the Landover Facility. Over 130 architectural
drawings from the Rudolph Collection were treated for mold removal prior
to further assessment and housing.

***Digital Media Composition and Aging Research Program:*** The Digital
Media Research Project continued to focus on several projects to assess
the usable lifetimes of optical digital media, using natural and
accelerated aging. The CD-Audio Media Natural Aging Project monitors the
aging properties, in terms of error levels, of digital media in
permanent storage under ambient conditions at the Library. The project
has now been in progress for nine years.

This study is based on a limited sample of 125 titles selected randomly
from the Library\'s collection, and analyzed every three years for
increases in errors, which represent the overall stability of the
digital data on the disc. A report on the progress of this study at the
six-year mark was published in late 2004 by the Canadian Conservation
Institute in their post-prints of the symposium on Preservation of
Electronic Records: New Knowledge and Decision-Making, and is also
available on the Library Preservation Directorate\'s Web page. The CD
Natural Aging Study\'s original data was collected using a CD-Cats
tester on an earlier operating system. In fiscal 2005 a study was
conducted to compare the results from the CD-Cats to the Datarius
analyzers in order to move all subsequent tests to the Datarius
instrument. All 125 titles were tested during the same time period in
both testers, and analysis of the data is underway.

Based on the results of this initial natural aging study a second
expanded study of discs from the collection was initiated in fiscal
2005. This study incorporates 1050 discs selected to represent each year
that discs have been produced from the beginning of their emergence on
the consumer market, of which 431 were analyzed in fiscal 2005. Discs
from both natural aging studies are being examined microscopically and
imaged using a Zeiss Stemi SV-ll to examine physical manifestations of
degradation. The chemical composition of the discs is also being
analyzed to relate the presence of certain materials with different
mechanisms of degradation.

The CD-Audio Media Accelerated Aging Project utilizes accelerated aging
over a range of temperature and relative humidity levels to observe the
chemical and physical effects of aging, as well as the effect of
laser-engraving discs in an effort to secure the collection. The first
phase of this study, which employed standard ANSI aging conditions, was
completed last year, resulting in two reports published in fiscal 2005
as part of the Preservation Research and Testing Series. The discs from
this accelerated aging study are also being imaged and analyzed to
determine the components of CD-Rom discs that cause them to fail earlier
than discs with a more extended projected longevity.

The objectives of the Digital Media Research Program are to develop a
method for forecasting the obsolescence of optical media, assign life
expectancy (LE) ratings for various optical media, establish optimum
storage conditions for optical media, and develop a pilot project to
integrate best practices into the Library workflow. In furtherance of
these goals, and in support of the development of preservation
strategies through collaborations, the Preservation Directorate and the
Information Technology Division of NIST have entered into an interagency
agreement to share data and mutually support initiatives in progress at
both the institutions in support of evaluation and extension of life of
digital optical media. The NIST research is using accelerated testing to
determine the longevity of recordable optical media for storing data for
extended periods of time. The results of this research will be used to
guide consumers and institutions in purchasing discs that have the
components that will protect important data from being corrupted or lost
over time, and recommended schedules for refreshing the data.

The Office of Strategic Initiatives (OSI) continued to fulfill its
mandate in fiscal 2005 to manage the Library-wide oversight of the
institution\'s digital initiatives and technology requirements.

The major focus for the service unit was the National Digital
Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program, a congressionally
mandated program that the Library is leading for the nation. The program
seeks to collect and preserve at-risk digital information in a
collaborative framework of partners with defined roles and
responsibilities. Because the preservation of digital materials can
sometimes run into challenges posed by copyright law, a new independent
group was formed in fiscal 2005 to recommend ways that copyright law
should be changed to meet the needs of libraries when working with
digital materials for preservation as well as other purposes.

OSI is also responsible for the management of the Library\'s myriad
Website\'s and for the educational outreach programs, which demonstrate
to educators nationwide the value of incorporating electronic primary
sources in the classroom.

The Information Technology Services Directorate is also part of OSI,
providing technology support to all the service units of the Library.

***National Digital Library Program:***

The National Digital Library Program continues to be one of the premier
Website\'s of the federal government, with millions of users across the
country and around the world. During fiscal 2005, the main home page at
www.loc.gov was redesigned with an enhanced interface and site
architecture. The new design offers more attractive graphics and is
easier to navigate than its predecessor. The American Memory Website,
its companion Today in History site, and numerous other Library Web
sites also received this visual and architectural upgrade. The
Library\'s site received an \"Outstanding Website\" award from the Web
Marketing Association in September.

***American Memory and Global Gateway Web Sites:*** American Memory, the
most visited of the Library\'s Web sites, offers 10,174,031 digital
items in 133 thematic presentations from the collections of the Library
and its partners. Seven new multimedia collections were added in fiscal
2005:

1.  September 11, 2001 Documentary Project

2.  Freedom\'s Fortress: The Library of Congress and World War II

3.  James Madison Papers at the Library of Congress

4.  Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National
    Woman\'s Party

5.  World War I Newspaper Rotogravures

6.  The Jedediah Hotchkiss Map Collection

7.  Rochambeau Maps from the American Revolutionary Era.

Global Gateway, the Website for international materials, added four new
collections:

1.  Cuneiform Tablets: From the Reign of Gudea of Lagash to Shalmanassar
    III

2.  Selections from a Polish Declaration of Admiration and Friendship
    for the United States of America

3.  The Kraus Collection of Sir Francis Drake

4.  France in America (in collaboration with the National Library of
    France).

***America\'s Library:*** This Web site for children and families, added
eleven features to its \"Meet Amazing Americans\" section: Martin Luther
King Jr., Thurgood Marshall, John Adams, James Madison, Andrew Jackson,
James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Martin Van Buren, William Henry
Harrison, John Tyler and James Polk.

***THOMAS Web Site:*** The THOMAS public Web site devoted to the
workings of the U.S. Congress was upgraded with several features,
including a new function that allows users to search multiple
congressional sessions at the same time. The site was scheduled for
another upgrade in early fiscal 2006.

***Collaborative Projects***

***Wise Guide Website:*** The Library\'s Web magazine, the Wise Guide
(\<www.loc.gov/wiseguide\>) is a portal to the millions of resources
from the Library available online. Each month, readers are offered seven
\"articles\" with links to the most interesting materials in all the
Library\'s many and varied Web sites. The project is a collaborative
effort of OSI and the Public Affairs Office.

***Educational Outreach***

OSI includes a team of experts in education who assist educators
nationwide in the use of online primary sources in the classroom. This
staff provides these services through a variety of programs. In addition
to the collaborative projects described above, the Library\'s education
experts managed the following programs and events.

***An Adventure of the American Mind:*** is a program designed to train
in-service and pre-service classroom teachers and college teacher
education faculty to access, use and produce curriculum using the
Internet and the digitized primary source materials from the collections
of the Library. This congressionally mandated program is currently
active in Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North
Carolina and South Carolina and has 23 funded partners. The program was
created by Congress and is implemented by the Library of Congress with
the Educational and Research Consortium of the Western Carolinas.
Educational outreach staff attended and made presentations at meetings
nationwide, and workshops and presentations held at the Library reached
hundreds more educators.

***The Learning Page:*** \<<http://www.loc.gov/teachers/>\> provides
content specifically developed for teachers and their students. This
year, six new Community Centers became available. The activities offer
teacher-tested materials based on themes such as elections, political
cartoons, the Civil War, and poetry.

*News From LC* contributors:

Report prepared by Stephen Yusko (SMCD/MSR2) with the assistance of
Michi Hoban (SMCD/MSR 1), Robin Rausch (Music Division), Catherine
Hiebert Kerst (American Folklife Center), Geraldine Ostrove (CPSO), Deta
Davis (MBRS), and Joe Bartl (SMCD/MSR 1).

Much of the general Library information in this year's *News* was
abstracted from the LC midwinter report to ALA, which is available
online at

**[http://www.loc.gov/ala/ala-sanantonio-update.html]{.underline}**