**PART 139―CERTIFICATION OF AIRPORTS**

**Subpart A---General**

> Sec.
>
> 139.1 Applicability.
>
> 139.3 Delegation of authority.
>
> 139.5 Definitions.
>
> 139.7 Methods and procedures for compliance.

**Subpart B―Certification**

> 139.101 General requirements.
>
> 139.103 Application for certificate.
>
> 139.105 Inspection authority.
>
> 139.107 Issuance of certificate.
>
> 139.109 Duration of certificate.
>
> 139.111 Exemptions.
>
> 139.113 Deviations.

**Subpart C―Airport Certification Manual**

> 139.201 General requirements.
>
> 139.203 Contents of Airport Certification Manual.
>
> 139.205 Amendment of Airport Certification Manual.

**Subpart D―Operations**

> 139.301 Records.
>
> 139.303 Personnel.
>
> 139.305 Paved areas.
>
> 139.307 Unpaved areas.
>
> 139.309 Safety areas.
>
> 139.311 Marking, signs, and lighting.
>
> 139.313 Snow and ice control.
>
> 139.315 Aircraft rescue and firefighting: Index determination.
>
> 139.317 Aircraft rescue and firefighting: Equipment and agents.
>
> 139.319 Aircraft rescue and firefighting: Operational requirements.
>
> 139.321 Handling and storing of hazardous substances and materials.
>
> 139.323 Traffic and wind direction indicators.
>
> 139.325 Airport emergency plan.
>
> 139.327 Self-inspection program.
>
> 139.329 Pedestrians and Ground Vehicles.
>
> 139.331 Obstructions.
>
> 139.333 Protection of NAVAIDS.
>
> 139.335 Public protection.
>
> 139.337 Wildlife hazard management.
>
> 139.339 Airport condition reporting.
>
> 139.341 Identifying, marking, and lighting construction and other
> unserviceable areas.
>
> 139.343 Noncomplying conditions.

*Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44706, 44709, 44719*

*Source: Docket No. FAA-2000-7479, Amendment No. 139-26 (69 FR 6380,
02/10/04) effective 06/09/04*

**Subpart A---General**

**§ 139.1 Applicability.**

\(a\) This part prescribes rules governing the certification and
operation of airports in any State of the United States, the District of
Columbia, or any territory or possession of the United States serving
any―

\(1\) Scheduled passenger-carrying operations of an air carrier
operating aircraft designed for more than 9 passenger seats, as
determined by the aircraft type certificate issued by a competent civil
aviation authority; and

\(2\) Unscheduled passenger-carrying operations of an air carrier
operating aircraft designed for at least 31 passenger seats, as
determined by the aircraft type certificate issued by a competent civil
aviation authority.

\(b\) This part applies to those portions of a joint-use or shared-use
airport that are within the authority of a person serving
passenger-carrying operations defined in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of
this section.

\(c\) This part does not apply to―

\(1\) Airports serving scheduled air carrier operations only by reason
of being designated as an alternate airport;

\(2\) Airports operated by the United States;

\(3\) Airports located in the State of Alaska that only serve scheduled
operations of small air carrier aircraft and do not serve scheduled or
unscheduled operations of large air carrier aircraft;

\(4\) Airports located in the State of Alaska during periods of time
when not serving operations of large air carrier aircraft; or

\(5\) Heliports.

**§ 139.3 Delegation of authority.**

The authority of the Administrator to issue, deny, and revoke Airport
Operating Certificates is delegated to the Associate Administrator for
Airports, Director of Airport Safety and Standards, and Regional
Airports Division Managers.

**§ 139.5 Definitions.**

The following are definitions of terms used in this part:

AFFF means aqueous film forming foam agent.

Air carrier aircraft means an aircraft that is being operated by an air
carrier and is categorized as either a large air carrier aircraft if
designed for at least 31 passenger seats or a small air carrier aircraft
if designed for more than 9 passenger seats but less than 31 passenger
seats, as determined by the aircraft type certificate issued by a
competent civil aviation authority.

Air carrier operation means the takeoff or landing of an air carrier
aircraft and includes the period of time from 15 minutes before until 15
minutes after the takeoff or landing.

Airport means an area of land or other hard surface, excluding water,
that is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of
aircraft, including any buildings and facilities.

Airport Operating Certificate means a certificate, issued under this
part, for operation of a Class I, II, III, or IV airport.

Average daily departures means the average number of scheduled
departures per day of air carrier aircraft computed on the basis of the
busiest 3 consecutive calendar months of the immediately preceding 12
consecutive calendar months. However, if the average daily departures
are expected to increase, then \`\`average daily departures\'\' may be
determined by planned rather than current activity, in a manner
authorized by the Administrator.

Certificate holder means the holder of an Airport Operating Certificate
issued under this part.

Class I airport means an airport certificated to serve scheduled
operations of large air carrier aircraft that can also serve unscheduled
passenger operations of large air carrier aircraft and/or scheduled
operations of small air carrier aircraft.

Class II airport means an airport certificated to serve scheduled
operations of small air carrier aircraft and the unscheduled passenger
operations of large air carrier aircraft. A Class II airport cannot
serve scheduled large air carrier aircraft.

Class III airport means an airport certificated to serve scheduled
operations of small air carrier aircraft. A Class III airport cannot
serve scheduled or unscheduled large air carrier aircraft.

Class IV airport means an airport certificated to serve unscheduled
passenger operations of large air carrier aircraft. A Class IV airport
cannot serve scheduled large or small air carrier aircraft.

Clean agent means an electrically nonconducting volatile or gaseous fire
extinguishing agent that does not leave a residue upon evaporation and
has been shown to provide extinguishing action equivalent to halon 1211
under test protocols of FAA Technical Report DOT/FAA/AR-95/87.

Heliport means an airport, or an area of an airport, used or intended to
be used for the landing and takeoff of helicopters.

Index means the type of aircraft rescue and firefighting equipment and
quantity of fire extinguishing agent that the certificate holder must
provide in accordance with Sec. 139.315.

Joint-use airport means an airport owned by the United States that
leases a portion of the airport to a person operating an airport
specified under Sec. 139.1(a).

Movement area means the runways, taxiways, and other areas of an airport
that are used for taxiing, takeoff, and landing of aircraft, exclusive
of loading ramps and aircraft parking areas.

Regional Airports Division Manager means the airports division manager
for the FAA region in which the airport is located.

Safety area means a defined area comprised of either a runway or taxiway
and the surrounding surfaces that is prepared or suitable for reducing
the risk of damage to aircraft in the event of an undershoot, overshoot,
or excursion from a runway or the unintentional departure from a
taxiway.

Scheduled operation means any common carriage passenger-carrying
operation for compensation or hire conducted by an air carrier for which
the air carrier or its representatives offers in advance the departure
location, departure time, and arrival location. It does not include any
operation that is conducted as a supplemental operation under 14 CFR
part 121 or public charter operations under 14 CFR part 380.

Shared-use airport means a U.S. Government-owned airport that is
co-located with an airport specified under Sec. 139.1(a) and at which
portions of the movement areas and safety areas are shared by both
parties.

Unscheduled operation means any common carriage passenger-carrying
operation for compensation or hire, using aircraft designed for at least
31 passenger seats, conducted by an air carrier for which the departure
time, departure location, and arrival location are specifically
negotiated with the customer or the customer\'s representative. It
includes any passenger-carrying supplemental operation conducted under
14 CFR part 121 and any passenger-carrying public charter operation
conducted under 14 CFR part 380.

Wildlife hazard means a potential for a damaging aircraft collision with
wildlife on or near an airport. As used in this part, \`\`wildlife\'\'
includes feral animals and domestic animals out of the control of their
owners.

Note: Special Statutory Requirement to Operate to or From a Part 139
Airport. Each air carrier that provides---in an aircraft designed for
more than 9 passenger seats---regularly scheduled charter air
transportation for which the public is provided in advance a schedule
containing the departure location, departure time, and arrival location
of the flight must operate to and from an airport certificated under
part 139 of this chapter in accordance with 49 U.S.C. 41104(b). That
statutory provision contains stand-alone requirements for such air
carriers and special exceptions for operations in Alaska and outside the
United States. Certain operations by air carriers that conduct public
charter operations under 14 CFR part 380 are covered by the statutory
requirements to operate to and from part 139 airports. See 49 U.S.C.
41104(b).

**§ 139.7 Methods and procedures for compliance.**

Certificate holders must comply with requirements prescribed by subparts
C and D of this part in a manner authorized by the Administrator. FAA
Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for compliance with
this part that are acceptable to the Administrator.

**Subpart B---Certification**

**§ 139.101 General requirements.**

\(a\) Except as otherwise authorized by the Administrator, no person may
operate an airport specified under §139.1 of this part without an
Airport Operating Certificate or in violation of that certificate, the
applicable provisions, or the approved Airport Certification Manual.

\(b\) Each certificate holder must adopt and comply with an Airport
Certification Manual as required under § 139.203.

\(c\) Persons required to have an Airport Operating Certificate under
this part must submit their Airport Certification Manual to the FAA for
approval, in accordance with the following schedule:

\(1\) Class I airports―6 months after June 9, 2004.

> \(2\) Class II, III, and IV airports―12 months after June 9, 2004.

**§ 139.103 Application for certificate.**

Each applicant for an Airport Operating Certificate must―

\(a\) Prepare and submit an application, in a form and in the manner
prescribed by the Administrator, to the Regional Airports Division
Manager.

\(b\) Submit with the application, two copies of an Airport
Certification Manual prepared in accordance with subpart C of this part.

**§ 139.105 Inspection authority.**

Each applicant for, or holder of, an Airport Operating Certificate must
allow the Administrator to make any inspections, including unannounced
inspections, or tests to determine compliance with 49 U.S.C. 44706 and
the requirements of this part.

**§ 139.107 Issuance of certificate.**

An applicant for an Airport Operating Certificate is entitled to a
certificate if―

\(a\) The applicant provides written documentation that air carrier
service will begin on a date certain.

\(b\) The applicant meets the provisions of § 139.103.

\(c\) The Administrator, after investigation, finds the applicant is
properly and adequately equipped and able to provide a safe airport
operating environment in accordance with―

\(1\) Any limitation that the Administrator finds necessary to ensure
safety in air transportation.

\(2\) The requirements of the Airport Certification Manual, as specified
under § 139.203.

\(3\) Any other provisions of this part that the Administrator finds
necessary to ensure safety in air transportation.

\(d\) The Administrator approves the Airport Certification Manual.

**§ 139.109 Duration of certificate.**

An Airport Operating Certificate issued under this part is effective
until the certificate holder surrenders it or the certificate is
suspended or revoked by the Administrator.

**§ 139.111 Exemptions.**

\(a\) An applicant or a certificate holder may petition the
Administrator under 14 CFR part 11, General Rulemaking Procedures, of
this chapter for an exemption from any requirement of this part.

\(b\) Under 49 U.S.C. 44706(c), the Administrator may exempt an
applicant or a certificate holder that enplanes annually less than
one-quarter of 1 percent of the total number of passengers enplaned at
all air carrier airports from all, or part, of the aircraft rescue and
firefighting equipment requirements of this part on the grounds that
compliance with those requirements is, or would be, unreasonably costly,
burdensome, or impractical.

\(1\) Each petition filed under this paragraph must―

\(i\) Be submitted in writing at least 120 days before the proposed
effective date of the exemption;

\(ii\) Set forth the text of §§ 139.317 or 139.319 from which the
exemption is sought;

\(iii\) Explain the interest of the certificate holder in the action
requested, including the nature and extent of relief sought; and

\(iv\) Contain information, views, or arguments that demonstrate that
the requirements of §§ 139.317 or 139.319 would be unreasonably costly,
burdensome, or impractical.

\(2\) Information, views, or arguments provided under paragraph (b)(1)
of this section must include the following information pertaining to the
airport for which the Airport Operating Certificate is held:

\(i\) An itemized cost to comply with the requirement from which the
exemption is sought;

\(ii\) Current staffing levels;

\(iii\) The current annual financial report, such as a single audit
report or FAA Form 5100-127, Operating and Financial Summary;

\(iv\) Annual passenger enplanement data for the previous 12 calendar
months;

\(v\) The type and frequency of air carrier operations served;

\(vi\) A history of air carrier service;

\(vii\) Anticipated changes to air carrier service;

\(c\) Each petition filed under this section must be submitted in
duplicate to the―

\(1\) Regional Airports Division Manager and

\(2\) U.S. Department of Transportation\'s Docket Management System, as
specified under

14 CFR part 11.

**§ 139.113 Deviations.**

In emergency conditions requiring immediate action for the protection of
life or property, the certificate holder may deviate from any
requirement of subpart D of this part, or the Airport Certification
Manual, to the extent required to meet that emergency. Each certificate
holder who deviates from a requirement under this section must, within
14 days after the emergency, notify the Regional Airports Division
Manager of the nature, extent, and duration of the deviation. When
requested by the Regional Airports Division Manager, the certificate
holder must provide this notification in writing.

**Subpart C---Airport Certification Manual**

**§ 139.201 General requirements.**

\(a\) No person may operate an airport subject to this part unless that
person adopts and complies with an Airport Certification Manual, as
required under this part, that―

\(1\) Has been approved by the Administrator;

\(2\) Contains only those items authorized by the Administrator;

\(3\) Is in printed form and signed by the certificate holder
acknowledging the certificate holder\'s responsibility to operate the
airport in compliance with the Airport Certification Manual approved by
the Administrator; and

\(4\) Is in a form that is easy to revise and organized in a manner
helpful to the preparation, review, and approval processes, including a
revision log. In addition, each page or attachment must include the date
of the Administrator\'s initial approval or approval of the latest
revision.

\(b\) Each holder of an Airport Operating Certificate must―

\(1\) Keep its Airport Certification Manual current at all times;

\(2\) Maintain at least one complete and current copy of its approved
Airport Certification Manual on the airport, which will be available for
inspection by the Administrator; and

\(3\) Furnish the applicable portions of the approved Airport
Certification Manual to airport personnel responsible for its
implementation.

\(c\) Each certificate holder must ensure that the Regional Airports
Division Manager is provided a complete copy of its most current
approved Airport Certification Manual, as specified under paragraph
(b)(2) of this section, including any amendments approved under §
139.205.

\(d\) FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for the
development of Airport Certification Manuals that are acceptable to the
Administrator.

**§ 139.203 Contents of Airport Certification Manual.**

\(a\) Except as otherwise authorized by the Administrator, each
certificate holder must include in the Airport Certification Manual a
description of operating procedures, facilities and equipment,
responsibility assignments, and any other information needed by
personnel concerned with operating the airport in order to comply with
applicable provisions of subpart D of this part and paragraph (b) of
this section.

\(b\) Except as otherwise authorized by the Administrator, the
certificate holder must include in the Airport Certification Manual the
following elements, as appropriate for its class:

+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| **REQUIRED AIRPORT CERTIFICATION MANUAL  |      |      |      |      |
| ELEMENTS**                               |      |      |      |      |
+==========================================+======+======+======+======+
| **Manual elements**                      | *    |      |      |      |
|                                          | *Air |      |      |      |
|                                          | port |      |      |      |
|                                          | cer  |      |      |      |
|                                          | tifi |      |      |      |
|                                          | cate |      |      |      |
|                                          | cla  |      |      |      |
|                                          | ss** |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
|                                          | **C  | **C  | **C  | **C  |
|                                          | lass | lass | lass | lass |
|                                          | I**  | II** | I    | IV** |
|                                          |      |      | II** |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 1\. Lines of succession of airport       | ##   | X    | X    | X    |
| operational responsibility               | #### |      |      |      |
|                                          | ## X |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 1\. Lines of succession of airport       | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| operational responsibility               |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 2\. Each current exemption issued to the | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| airport from the requirements of this    |      |      |      |      |
| part                                     |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 3\. Any limitations imposed by the       | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| Administrator                            |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 4\. A grid map or other means of         | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| identifying locations and terrain        |      |      |      |      |
| features on and around the airport that  |      |      |      |      |
| are significant to emergency operations  |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 5\. The location of each obstruction     | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| required to be lighted or marked within  |      |      |      |      |
| the airport\'s area of authority         |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 6\. A description of each movement area  | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| available for air carriers and its       |      |      |      |      |
| safety areas, and each road described in |      |      |      |      |
| § 139.319(k) that serves it              |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 7\. Procedures for avoidance of          | X    | X    | X    |      |
| interruption or failure during           |      |      |      |      |
| construction work of utilities serving   |      |      |      |      |
| facilities or NAVAIDS that support air   |      |      |      |      |
| carrier operations                       |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 8\. A description of the system for      | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| maintaining records, as required under   |      |      |      |      |
| § 139.301                                |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 9\. A description of personnel training, | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| as required under § 139.303              |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 10\. Procedures for maintaining the      | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| paved areas, as required under § 139.305 |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 11\. Procedures for maintaining the      | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| unpaved areas, as required under         |      |      |      |      |
| § 139.307                                |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 12\. Procedures for maintaining the      | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| safety areas, as required under §        |      |      |      |      |
| 139.309                                  |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 13\. A plan showing the runway and       | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| taxiway identification system, including |      |      |      |      |
| the location and inscription of signs,   |      |      |      |      |
| runway markings, and holding position    |      |      |      |      |
| markings, as required under § 139.311    |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 14\. A description of, and procedures    | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| for maintaining, the marking, signs, and |      |      |      |      |
| lighting systems, as required under      |      |      |      |      |
| § 139.311                                |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 15\. A snow and ice control plan, as     | X    | X    | X    |      |
| required under § 139.313                 |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 16\. A description of the facilities,    | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| equipment, personnel, and procedures for |      |      |      |      |
| meeting the aircraft rescue and          |      |      |      |      |
| firefighting requirements, in accordance |      |      |      |      |
| with §§ 139.315, 139.317 and 139.319     |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 17\. A description of any approved       | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| exemption to aircraft rescue and         |      |      |      |      |
| firefighting requirements, as authorized |      |      |      |      |
| under § 139.111.                         |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 18\. Procedures for protecting persons   | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| and property during the storing,         |      |      |      |      |
| dispensing, and handling of fuel and     |      |      |      |      |
| other hazardous substances and           |      |      |      |      |
| materials, as required under § 139.321.  |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 19\. A description of, and procedures    | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| for maintaining, the traffic and wind    |      |      |      |      |
| direction indicators, as required under  |      |      |      |      |
| § 139.323                                |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 20\. An emergency plan as required under | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| § 139.325                                |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 21\. Procedures for conducting the       | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| self-inspection program, as required     |      |      |      |      |
| under § 139.327                          |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 22\. Procedures for controlling          | X    | X    | X    |      |
| pedestrians and ground vehicles in       |      |      |      |      |
| movement areas and safety areas, as      |      |      |      |      |
| required under § 139.329                 |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 23\. Procedures for obstruction removal, | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| marking, or lighting, as required under  |      |      |      |      |
| § 139.331.                               |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 24\. Procedures for protection of        | X    | X    | X    |      |
| NAVAIDS, as required under § 139.333.    |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 25\. A description of public protection, | X    | X    | X    |      |
| as required under § 139.335..            |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 26\. Procedures for wildlife hazard      | X    | X    | X    |      |
| management, as required under § 139.337. |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 27\. Procedures for airport condition    | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| reporting, as required under § 139.339.  |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 28\. Procedures for identifying,         | X    | X    | X    |      |
| marking, and lighting construction and   |      |      |      |      |
| other unserviceable areas, as required   |      |      |      |      |
| under § 139.341.                         |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+
| 29\. Any other item that the             | X    | X    | X    | X    |
| Administrator finds is necessary to      |      |      |      |      |
| ensure safety in air transportation.     |      |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+

**§ 139.205 Amendment of Airport Certification Manual.**

\(a\) Under Sec. 139.3, the Regional Airports Division Manager may amend
any Airport Certification Manual approved under this part, either―

\(1\) Upon application by the certificate holder or

\(2\) On the Regional Airports Division Manager\'s own initiative, if
the Regional Airports Division Manager determines that safety in air
transportation requires the amendment.

\(b\) A certificate holder must submit in writing a proposed amendment
to its Airport Certification Manual to the Regional Airports Division
Manager at least 30 days before the proposed effective date of the
amendment, unless a shorter filing period is allowed by the Regional
Airports Division Manager.

\(c\) At any time within 30 days after receiving a notice of refusal to
approve the application for amendment, the certificate holder may
petition the Associate Administrator for Airports to reconsider the
refusal to amend.

\(d\) In the case of amendments initiated by the FAA, the Regional
Airports Division Manager notifies the certificate holder of the
proposed amendment, in writing, fixing a reasonable period (but not less
than 7 days) within which the certificate holder may submit written
information, views, and arguments on the amendment. After considering
all relevant material

presented, the Regional Airports Division Manager notifies the
certificate holder within 30 days of any amendment adopted or rescinds
the notice. The amendment becomes effective not less than 30 days after
the certificate holder receives notice of it, except that, prior to the
effective date, the certificate holder may petition the Associate
Administrator for Airports to reconsider the amendment, in which case
its effective date is stayed pending a decision by the Associate
Administrator for Airports.

\(e\) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (d) of this section,
if the Regional Airports Division Manager finds there is an emergency
requiring immediate action with respect to safety in air transportation,
the Regional Airports Division Manager may issue an amendment, effective
without stay on the date the certificate holder receives notice of it.
In such a case, the Regional Airports Division Manager incorporates the
finding of the emergency and a brief statement of the reasons for the
finding in the notice of the amendment. Within 30 days after the
issuance of such an emergency amendment, the certificate holder may
petition the Associate Administrator for Airports to reconsider either
the finding of an emergency, the amendment itself, or both. This
petition does not automatically stay the effectiveness of the emergency
amendment.

**Subpart D---Operations**

**§ 139.301 Records.**

In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate holder
must―

\(a\) Furnish upon request by the Administrator all records required to
be maintained under this part.

\(b\) Maintain records required under this part as follows:

\(1\) Personnel training. Twenty-four consecutive calendar months for
personnel training records, as required under §§ 139.303 and 139.327.

\(2\) Emergency personnel training. Twenty-four consecutive calendar
months for aircraft rescue and firefighting and emergency medical
service personnel training records, as required under § 139.319.

\(3\) Airport fueling agent inspection. Twelve consecutive calendar
months for records of inspection of airport fueling agents, as required
under § 139.321.

\(4\) Fueling personnel training. Twelve consecutive calendar months for
training records of fueling personnel, as required under § 139.321.

\(5\) Self-inspection. Twelve consecutive calendar months for
self-inspection records, as required under § 139.327.

\(6\) Movement areas and safety areas training. Twenty-four consecutive
calendar months for records of training given to pedestrians and ground
vehicle operators with access to movement areas and safety areas, as
required under Sec. 139.329.

\(7\) Accident and incident. Twelve consecutive calendar months for each
accident or incident in movement areas and safety areas involving an air
carrier aircraft and/or ground vehicle, as required under § 139.329.

\(8\) Airport condition. Twelve consecutive calendar months for records
of airport condition information dissemination, as required under
§ 139.339.

\(c\) Make and maintain any additional records required by the
Administrator, this part, and the Airport Certification Manual.

**§ 139.303 Personnel.**

In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate holder
must―

\(a\) Provide sufficient and qualified personnel to comply with the
requirements of its Airport Certification Manual and the requirements of
this part.

\(b\) Equip personnel with sufficient resources needed to comply with
the requirements of this part.

\(c\) Train all personnel who access movement areas and safety areas and
perform duties in compliance with the requirements of the Airport
Certification Manual and the requirements of this part. This training
must be completed prior to the initial performance of such duties and at
least once every 12 consecutive calendar months. The curriculum for
initial and recurrent training must include at least the following
areas:

\(1\) Airport familiarization, including airport marking, lighting, and
signs system.

\(2\) Procedures for access to, and operation in, movement areas and
safety areas, as specified under § 139.329.

\(3\) Airport communications, including radio communication between the
air traffic control tower and personnel, use of the common traffic
advisory frequency if there is no air traffic control tower or the tower
is not in operation, and procedures for reporting unsafe airport
conditions.

\(4\) Duties required under the Airport Certification Manual and the
requirements of this part.

\(5\) Any additional subject areas required under §§ 139.319, 139.321,
139.327, 139.329, 139.337, and 139.339, as appropriate.

\(d\) Make a record of all training completed after June 9, 2004, by
each individual in compliance with this section that includes, at a
minimum, a description and date of training received. Such records must
be maintained for 24 consecutive calendar months after completion of
training.

\(e\) As appropriate, comply with the following training requirements of
this part:

\(1\) § 139.319, Aircraft rescue and firefighting: Operational
requirements;

\(2\) § 139.321, Handling and storage of hazardous substances and
materials;

\(3\) § 139.327, Self-inspection program;

\(4\) § 139.329, Pedestrians and Ground Vehicles;

\(5\) § 139.337, Wildlife hazard management; and

\(6\) § 139.339, Airport condition reporting.

\(f\) Use an independent organization, or designee, to comply with the
requirements of its Airport Certification Manual and the requirements of
this part only if―

\(1\) Such an arrangement is authorized by the Administrator;

\(2\) A description of responsibilities and duties that will be assumed
by an independent organization or designee is specified in the Airport
Certification Manual; and

\(3\) The independent organization or designee prepares records required
under this part in sufficient detail to assure the certificate holder
and the Administrator of adequate compliance with the Airport
Certification Manual and the requirements of this part.

**§ 139.305 Paved areas.**

\(a\) In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate
holder must maintain, and promptly repair the pavement of, each runway,
taxiway, loading ramp, and parking area on the airport that is available
for air carrier use as follows:

\(1\) The pavement edges must not exceed 3 inches difference in
elevation between abutting pavement sections and between pavement and
abutting areas.

\(2\) The pavement must have no hole exceeding 3 inches in depth nor any
hole the slope of which from any point in the hole to the nearest point
at the lip of the hole is 45 degrees or greater, as measured from the
pavement surface plane, unless, in either case, the entire area of the
hole can be covered by a 5-inch diameter circle.

\(3\) The pavement must be free of cracks and surface variations that
could impair directional control of air carrier aircraft, including any
pavement crack or surface deterioration that produces loose aggregate or
other contaminants.

\(4\) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, mud, dirt,
sand, loose aggregate, debris, foreign objects, rubber deposits, and
other contaminants must be removed promptly and as completely as
practicable.

\(5\) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, any chemical
solvent that is used to clean any pavement area must be removed as soon
as possible, consistent with the instructions of the manufacturer of the
solvent.

\(6\) The pavement must be sufficiently drained and free of depressions
to prevent ponding that obscures markings or impairs safe aircraft
operations.

\(b\) Paragraphs (a)(4) and (a)(5) of this section do not apply to snow
and ice accumulations and their control, including the associated use of
materials, such as sand and deicing solutions.

\(c\) FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for the
maintenance and configuration of paved areas that are acceptable to the
Administrator.

**§ 139.307 Unpaved areas.**

\(a\) In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate
holder must maintain and promptly repair the surface of each gravel,
turf, or other unpaved runway, taxiway, or loading ramp and parking area
on the airport that is available for air carrier use as follows:

\(1\) No slope from the edge of the full-strength surfaces downward to
the existing terrain must be steeper than 2:1.

\(2\) The full-strength surfaces must have adequate crown or grade to
assure sufficient drainage to prevent ponding.

\(3\) The full-strength surfaces must be adequately compacted and
sufficiently stable to prevent rutting by aircraft or the loosening or
build-up of surface material, which could impair directional control of
aircraft or drainage.

\(4\) The full-strength surfaces must have no holes or depressions that
exceed 3 inches in depth and are of a breadth capable of impairing
directional control or causing damage to an aircraft.

\(5\) Debris and foreign objects must be promptly removed from the
surface.

\(b\) FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for the
maintenance and configuration of unpaved areas that are acceptable to
the Administrator.

**§ 139.309 Safety areas.**

\(a\) In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate
holder must provide and maintain, for each runway and taxiway that is
available for air carrier use, a safety area of at least the dimensions
that―

\(1\) Existed on December 31, 1987, if the runway or taxiway had a
safety area on December 31, 1987, and if no reconstruction or
significant expansion of the runway or taxiway was begun on or after
January 1, 1988; or

\(2\) Are authorized by the Administrator at the time the construction,
reconstruction, or expansion began if construction, reconstruction, or
significant expansion of the runway or taxiway began on or after January
1, 1988.

\(b\) Each certificate holder must maintain its safety areas as follows:

\(1\) Each safety area must be cleared and graded and have no
potentially hazardous ruts, humps, depressions, or other surface
variations.

\(2\) Each safety area must be drained by grading or storm sewers to
prevent water accumulation.

\(3\) Each safety area must be capable under dry conditions of
supporting snow removal and aircraft rescue and firefighting equipment
and of supporting the occasional passage of aircraft without causing
major damage to the aircraft.

\(4\) No objects may be located in any safety area, except for objects
that need to be located in a safety area because of their function.
These objects must be constructed, to the extent practical, on frangibly
mounted structures of the lowest practical height, with the frangible
point no higher than 3 inches above grade.

\(c\) FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for the
configuration and maintenance of safety areas acceptable to the
Administrator.

**§ 139.311 Marking, signs, and lighting.**

\(a\) Marking. Each certificate holder must provide and maintain marking
systems for air carrier operations on the airport that are authorized by
the Administrator and consist of at least the following:

\(1\) Runway markings meeting the specifications for takeoff and landing
minimums for each runway.

\(2\) A taxiway centerline.

\(3\) Taxiway edge markings, as appropriate.

\(4\) Holding position markings.

\(5\) Instrument landing system (ILS) critical area markings.

\(b\) Signs.

\(1\) Each certificate holder must provide and maintain sign systems for
air carrier operations on the airport that are authorized by the
Administrator and consist of at least the following:

\(i\) Signs identifying taxiing routes on the movement area.

\(ii\) Holding position signs.

\(iii\) Instrument landing system (ILS) critical area signs.

\(2\) Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, the signs
required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section must be internally
illuminated at each Class I, II, and IV airport.

\(3\) Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, the signs
required by paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) and (b)(1)(iii) of this section must
be internally illuminated at each Class III airport.

\(c\) Lighting. Each certificate holder must provide and maintain
lighting systems for air carrier operations when the airport is open at
night, during conditions below visual flight rules (VFR) minimums, or in
Alaska, during periods in which a prominent unlighted object cannot be
seen from a distance of 3 statute miles or the sun is more than six
degrees below the horizon. These lighting systems must be authorized by
the Administrator and consist of at least the following:

\(1\) Runway lighting that meets the specifications for takeoff and
landing minimums, as authorized by the Administrator, for each runway.

\(2\) One of the following taxiway lighting systems:

\(i\) Centerline lights.

\(ii\) Centerline reflectors.

\(iii\) Edge lights.

\(iv\) Edge reflectors.

\(3\) An airport beacon.

\(4\) Approach lighting that meets the specifications for takeoff and
landing minimums, as authorized by the Administrator, for each runway,
unless provided and/or maintained by an entity other than the
certificate holder.

\(5\) Obstruction marking and lighting, as appropriate, on each object
within its authority that has been determined by the FAA to be an
obstruction.

\(d\) Maintenance. Each certificate holder must properly maintain each
marking, sign, or lighting system installed and operated on the airport.
As used in this section, to \"properly maintain\'\' includes cleaning,
replacing, or repairing any faded, missing, or nonfunctional item;
keeping each item unobscured and clearly visible; and ensuring that each
item provides an accurate reference to the user.

\(e\) Lighting interference. Each certificate holder must ensure that
all lighting on the airport, including that for aprons, vehicle parking
areas, roadways, fuel storage areas, and buildings, is adequately
adjusted or shielded to prevent interference with air traffic control
and aircraft operations.

\(f\) Standards. FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures
for the equipment, material, installation, and maintenance of marking,
sign, and lighting systems listed in this section that are acceptable to
the Administrator.

\(g\) Implementation. The sign systems required under paragraph (b)(3)
of this section must be implemented by each holder of a Class III
Airport Operating Certificate not later than 36 consecutive calendar
months after June 9, 2004.

**§ 139.313 Snow and ice control.**

\(a\) As determined by the Administrator, each certificate holder whose
airport is located where snow and icing conditions occur must prepare,
maintain, and carry out a snow and ice control plan in a manner
authorized by the Administrator.

\(b\) The snow and ice control plan required by this section must
include, at a minimum, instructions and procedures for―

\(1\) Prompt removal or control, as completely as practical, of snow,
ice, and slush on each movement area;

\(2\) Positioning snow off the movement area surfaces so all air carrier
aircraft propellers, engine pods, rotors, and wing tips will clear any
snowdrift and snowbank as the aircraft\'s landing gear traverses any
portion of the movement area;

\(3\) Selection and application of authorized materials for snow and ice
control to ensure that they adhere to snow and ice sufficiently to
minimize engine ingestion;

\(4\) Timely commencement of snow and ice control operations; and

\(5\) Prompt notification, in accordance with § 139.339, of all air
carriers using the airport when any portion of the movement area
normally available to them is less than satisfactorily cleared for safe
operation by their aircraft.

\(c\) FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for snow and
ice control equipment, materials, and removal that are acceptable to the
Administrator.

**§ 139.315 Aircraft rescue and firefighting: Index determination.**

\(a\) An index is required by paragraph (c) of this section for each
certificate holder. The Index is determined by a combination of―

\(1\) The length of air carrier aircraft and

\(2\) Average daily departures of air carrier aircraft.

\(b\) For the purpose of Index determination, air carrier aircraft
lengths are grouped as follows:

\(1\) Index A includes aircraft less than 90 feet in length.

\(2\) Index B includes aircraft at least 90 feet but less than 126 feet
in length.

\(3\) Index C includes aircraft at least 126 feet but less than 159 feet
in length.

\(4\) Index D includes aircraft at least 159 feet but less than 200 feet
in length.

\(5\) Index E includes aircraft at least 200 feet in length.

\(c\) Except as provided in § 139.319(c), if there are five or more
average daily departures of air carrier aircraft in a single Index group
serving that airport, the longest aircraft with an average of five or
more daily departures determines the Index required for the airport.
When there are fewer than five average daily departures of the longest
air carrier aircraft serving the airport, the Index required for the
airport will be the next lower Index group than the Index group
prescribed for the longest aircraft.

\(d\) The minimum designated index must be Index A.

\(e\) A holder of a Class III Airport Operating Certificate may comply
with this section by providing a level of safety comparable to Index A
that is approved by the Administrator. Such alternate compliance must be
described in the ACM and must include:

\(1\) Pre-arranged firefighting and emergency medical response
procedures, including agreements with responding services.

\(2\) Means for alerting firefighting and emergency medical response
personnel.

\(3\) Type of rescue and firefighting equipment to be provided.

\(4\) Training of responding firefighting and emergency medical
personnel on airport familiarization and communications.

**§ 139.317 Aircraft rescue and firefighting: Equipment and agents.**

Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, the following rescue
and firefighting equipment and agents are the minimum required for the
Indexes referred to in § 139.315:

\(a\) Index A. One vehicle carrying at least―

\(1\) 500 pounds of sodium-based dry chemical, halon 1211, or clean
agent; or

\(2\) 450 pounds of potassium-based dry chemical and water with a
commensurate quantity of AFFF to total 100 gallons for simultaneous dry
chemical and AFFF application.

\(b\) Index B. Either of the following:

\(1\) One vehicle carrying at least 500 pounds of sodium-based dry
chemical, halon 1211, or clean agent and 1,500 gallons of water and the
commensurate quantity of AFFF for foam production.

\(2\) Two vehicles―

\(i\) One vehicle carrying the extinguishing agents as specified in
paragraphs (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section; and

\(ii\) One vehicle carrying an amount of water and the commensurate
quantity of AFFF so the total quantity of water for foam production
carried by both vehicles is at least 1,500 gallons.

\(c\) Index C. Either of the following:

\(1\) Three vehicles―

\(i\) One vehicle carrying the extinguishing agents as specified in
paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section; and

\(ii\) Two vehicles carrying an amount of water and the commensurate
quantity of AFFF so the total quantity of water for foam production
carried by all three vehicles is at least 3,000 gallons.

\(2\) Two vehicles―

\(i\) One vehicle carrying the extinguishing agents as specified in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section; and

\(ii\) One vehicle carrying water and the commensurate quantity of AFFF
so the total quantity of water for foam production carried by both
vehicles is at least 3,000 gallons.

\(d\) Index D. Three vehicles―

\(1\) One vehicle carrying the extinguishing agents as specified in
paragraphs (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section; and

\(2\) Two vehicles carrying an amount of water and the commensurate
quantity of AFFF so the total quantity of water for foam production
carried by all three vehicles is at least 4,000 gallons.

\(e\) Index E. Three vehicles―

\(1\) One vehicle carrying the extinguishing agents as specified in
paragraphs (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section; and

\(2\) Two vehicles carrying an amount of water and the commensurate
quantity of AFFF so the total quantity of water for foam production
carried by all three vehicles is at least 6,000 gallons.

\(f\) Foam discharge capacity. Each aircraft rescue and firefighting
vehicle used to comply with Index B, C, D, or E requirements with a
capacity of at least 500 gallons of water for foam production must be
equipped with a turret. Vehicle turret discharge capacity must be as
follows:

\(1\) Each vehicle with a minimum-rated vehicle water tank capacity of
at least 500 gallons, but less than 2,000 gallons, must have a turret
discharge rate of at least 500 gallons per minute, but not more than
1,000 gallons per minute.

\(2\) Each vehicle with a minimum-rated vehicle water tank capacity of
at least 2,000 gallons must have a turret discharge rate of at least 600
gallons per minute, but not more than 1,200 gallons per minute.

\(g\) Agent discharge capacity. Each aircraft rescue and firefighting
vehicle that is required to carry dry chemical, halon 1211, or clean
agent for compliance with the Index requirements of this section must
meet one of the following minimum discharge rates for the equipment
installed:

\(1\) Dry chemical, halon 1211, or clean agent through a hand line―5
pounds per second.

\(2\) Dry chemical, halon 1211, or clean agent through a turret―16
pounds per second.

\(h\) Extinguishing agent substitutions. Other extinguishing agent
substitutions authorized by the Administrator may be made in amounts
that provide equivalent firefighting capability.

\(i\) AFFF quantity requirements. In addition to the quantity of water
required, each vehicle required to carry AFFF must carry AFFF in an
appropriate amount to mix with twice the water required to be carried by
the vehicle.

\(j\) Methods and procedures. FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and
procedures for ARFF equipment and extinguishing agents that are
acceptable to the Administrator.

\(k\) Implementation. Each holder of a Class II, III, or IV Airport
Operating Certificate must implement the requirements of this section no
later than 36 consecutive calendar months after June 9, 2004.

**§ 139.319 Aircraft rescue and firefighting: Operational
requirements.**

\(a\) Rescue and firefighting capability. Except as provided in
paragraph (c) of this section, each certificate holder must provide on
the airport, during air carrier operations at the airport, at least the
rescue and firefighting capability specified for the Index required by §
139.317 in a manner authorized by the Administrator.

\(b\) Increase in Index. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this
section, if an increase in the average daily departures or the length of
air carrier aircraft results in an increase in the Index required by
paragraph (a) of this section, the certificate holder must comply with
the increased requirements.

\(c\) Reduction in rescue and firefighting. During air carrier
operations with only aircraft shorter than the Index aircraft group
required by paragraph (a) of this section, the certificate holder may
reduce the rescue and firefighting to a lower level corresponding to the
Index group of the longest air carrier aircraft being operated.

\(d\) Procedures for reduction in capability. Any reduction in the
rescue and firefighting capability from the Index required by paragraph
(a) of this section, in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section,
must be subject to the following conditions:

\(1\) Procedures for, and the persons having the authority to implement,
the reductions must be included in the Airport Certification Manual.

\(2\) A system and procedures for recall of the full aircraft rescue and
firefighting capability must be included in the Airport Certification
Manual.

\(3\) The reductions may not be implemented unless notification to air
carriers is provided in the Airport/Facility Directory or Notices to
Airmen (NOTAM), as appropriate, and by direct notification of local air
carriers.

\(e\) Vehicle communications. Each vehicle required under § 139.317 must
be equipped with two-way voice radio communications that provide for
contact with at least―

\(1\) All other required emergency vehicles;

\(2\) The air traffic control tower;

\(3\) The common traffic advisory frequency when an air traffic control
tower is not in operation or there is no air traffic control tower, and

\(4\) Fire stations, as specified in the airport emergency plan.

\(f\) Vehicle marking and lighting. Each vehicle required under §
139.317 must―

\(1\) Have a flashing or rotating beacon and

\(2\) Be painted or marked in colors to enhance contrast with the
background environment and optimize daytime and nighttime visibility and
identification.

\(g\) Vehicle readiness. Each vehicle required under § 139.317 must be
maintained as follows:

\(1\) The vehicle and its systems must be maintained so as to be
operationally capable of performing the functions required by this
subpart during all air carrier operations.

\(2\) If the airport is located in a geographical area subject to
prolonged temperatures below 33 degrees Fahrenheit, the vehicles must be
provided with cover or other means to ensure equipment operation and
discharge under freezing conditions.

\(3\) Any required vehicle that becomes inoperative to the extent that
it cannot perform as required by paragraph (g)(1) of this section must
be replaced immediately with equipment having at least equal
capabilities. If replacement equipment is not available immediately, the
certificate holder must so notify the Regional Airports Division Manager
and each air carrier using the airport in accordance with § 139.339. If
the required Index level of capability is not restored within 48 hours,
the airport operator, unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator,
must limit air carrier operations on the airport to those compatible
with the Index corresponding to the remaining operative rescue and
firefighting equipment.

\(h\) Response requirements.

\(1\) With the aircraft rescue and firefighting equipment required under
this part and the number of trained personnel that will assure an
effective operation, each certificate holder must―

\(i\) Respond to each emergency during periods of air carrier
operations; and

\(ii\) When requested by the Administrator, demonstrate compliance with
the response requirements specified in this section.

\(2\) The response required by paragraph (h)(1)(ii) of this section must
achieve the following performance criteria:

\(i\) Within 3 minutes from the time of the alarm, at least one required
aircraft rescue and firefighting vehicle must reach the midpoint of the
farthest runway serving air carrier aircraft from its assigned post or
reach any other specified point of comparable distance on the movement
area that is available to air carriers, and begin application of
extinguishing agent.

\(ii\) Within 4 minutes from the time of alarm, all other required
vehicles must reach the point specified in paragraph (h)(2)(i) of this
section from their assigned posts and begin application of an
extinguishing agent.

\(i\) Personnel. Each certificate holder must ensure the following:

\(1\) All rescue and firefighting personnel are equipped in a manner
authorized by the Administrator with protective clothing and equipment
needed to perform their duties.

\(2\) All rescue and firefighting personnel are properly trained to
perform their duties in a manner authorized by the Administrator. Such
personnel must be trained prior to initial performance of rescue and
firefighting duties and receive recurrent instruction every 12
consecutive calendar months. The curriculum for initial and recurrent
training must include at least the following areas:

\(i\) Airport familiarization, including airport signs, marking, and
lighting.

\(ii\) Aircraft familiarization.

\(iii\) Rescue and firefighting personnel safety.

\(iv\) Emergency communications systems on the airport, including fire
alarms.

\(v\) Use of the fire hoses, nozzles, turrets, and other appliances
required for compliance with this part.

\(vi\) Application of the types of extinguishing agents required for
compliance with this part.

\(vii\) Emergency aircraft evacuation assistance.

\(viii\) Firefighting operations.

\(ix\) Adapting and using structural rescue and firefighting equipment
for aircraft rescue and firefighting.

\(x\) Aircraft cargo hazards, including hazardous materials/dangerous
goods incidents.

\(xi\) Familiarization with firefighters\' duties under the airport
emergency plan.

\(3\) All rescue and firefighting personnel must participate in at least
one live-fire drill prior to initial performance of rescue and
firefighting duties and every 12 consecutive calendar months thereafter.

\(4\) At least one individual, who has been trained and is current in
basic emergency medical services, is available during air carrier
operations. This individual must be trained prior to initial performance
of emergency medical services. Training must be at a minimum 40 hours in
length and cover the following topics:

\(i\) Bleeding.

\(ii\) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

\(iii\) Shock.

\(iv\) Primary patient survey.

\(v\) Injuries to the skull, spine, chest, and extremities.

\(vi\) Internal injuries.

\(vii\) Moving patients.

\(viii\) Burns.

\(ix\) Triage.

\(5\) A record is maintained of all training given to each individual
under this section for 24 consecutive calendar months after completion
of training. Such records must include, at a minimum, a description and
date of training received.

\(6\) Sufficient rescue and firefighting personnel are available during
all air carrier operations to operate the vehicles, meet the response
times, and meet the minimum agent discharge rates required by this part.

\(7\) Procedures and equipment are established and maintained for
alerting rescue and firefighting personnel by siren, alarm, or other
means authorized by the Administrator to any existing or impending
emergency requiring their assistance.

\(j\) Hazardous materials guidance. Each aircraft rescue and
firefighting vehicle responding to an emergency on the airport must be
equipped with, or have available through a direct communications link,
the \"North American Emergency Response Guidebook\" published by the
U.S. Department of Transportation or similar response guidance to
hazardous materials/dangerous goods incidents. Information on obtaining
the \"North American Emergency Response Guidebook\" is available from
the Regional Airports Division Manager.

\(k\) Emergency access roads. Each certificate holder must ensure that
roads designated for use as emergency access roads for aircraft rescue
and firefighting vehicles are maintained in a condition that will
support those vehicles during all-weather conditions.

\(l\) Methods and procedures. FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and
procedures for aircraft rescue and firefighting and emergency medical
equipment and training that are acceptable to the Administrator.

\(m\) Implementation. Each holder of a Class II, III, or IV Airport
Operating Certificate must implement the requirements of this section no
later than 36 consecutive calendar months after June 9, 2004.

**§ 139.321 Handling and storing of hazardous substances and
materials.**

\(a\) Each certificate holder who acts as a cargo handling agent must
establish and maintain procedures for the protection of persons and
property on the airport during the handling and storing of any material
regulated by the Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR 171 through
180) that is, or is intended to be, transported by air. These procedures
must provide for at least the following:

\(1\) Designated personnel to receive and handle hazardous substances
and materials.

\(2\) Assurance from the shipper that the cargo can be handled safely,
including any special handling procedures required for safety.

\(3\) Special areas for storage of hazardous materials while on the
airport.

\(b\) Each certificate holder must establish and maintain standards
authorized by the Administrator for protecting against fire and
explosions in storing, dispensing, and otherwise handling fuel (other
than articles and materials that are, or are intended to be, aircraft
cargo) on the airport. These standards must cover facilities,
procedures, and personnel training and must address at least the
following:

\(1\) Bonding.

\(2\) Public protection.

\(3\) Control of access to storage areas.

\(4\) Fire safety in fuel farm and storage areas.

\(5\) Fire safety in mobile fuelers, fueling pits, and fueling cabinets.

\(6\) Training of fueling personnel in fire safety in accordance with
paragraph (e) of this section. Such training at Class III airports must
be completed within 12 consecutive calendar months after June 9, 2004.

\(7\) The fire code of the public body having jurisdiction over the
airport.

\(c\) Each certificate holder must, as a fueling agent, comply with, and
require all other fueling agents operating on the airport to comply
with, the standards established under paragraph (b) of this section and
must perform reasonable surveillance of all fueling activities on the
airport with respect to those standards.

\(d\) Each certificate holder must inspect the physical facilities of
each airport tenant fueling agent at least once every 3 consecutive
months for compliance with paragraph (b) of this section and maintain a
record of that inspection for at least 12 consecutive calendar months.

\(e\) The training required in paragraph (b)(6) of this section must
include at least the following:

\(1\) At least one supervisor with each fueling agent must have
completed an aviation fuel training course in fire safety that is
authorized by the Administrator. Such an individual must be trained
prior to initial performance of duties, or enrolled in an authorized
aviation fuel training course that will be completed within 90 days of
initiating duties, and receive recurrent instruction at least every 24
consecutive calendar months.

\(2\) All other employees who fuel aircraft, accept fuel shipments, or
otherwise handle fuel must receive at least initial on-the-job training
and recurrent instruction every 24 consecutive calendar months in fire
safety from the supervisor trained in accordance with paragraph (e)(1)
of this section.

\(f\) Each certificate holder must obtain a written confirmation once
every 12 consecutive calendar months from each airport tenant fueling
agent that the training required by paragraph (e) of this section has
been accomplished. This written confirmation must be maintained for 12
consecutive calendar months.

\(g\) Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, each certificate
holder must require each tenant fueling agent to take immediate
corrective action whenever the certificate holder becomes aware of
noncompliance with a standard required by paragraph (b) of this section.
The certificate holder must notify the appropriate FAA Regional Airports
Division Manager immediately when noncompliance is discovered and
corrective action cannot be accomplished within a reasonable period of
time.

\(h\) FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for the
handling and storage of hazardous substances and materials that are
acceptable to the Administrator.

**§ 139.323 Traffic and wind direction indicators.**

In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate holder
must provide and maintain the following on its airport:

\(a\) A wind cone that visually provides surface wind direction
information to pilots. For each runway available for air carrier use, a
supplemental wind cone must be installed at the end of the runway or at
least at one point visible to the pilot while on final approach and
prior to takeoff. If the airport is open for air carrier operations at
night, the wind direction indicators, including the required
supplemental indicators, must be lighted.

\(b\) For airports serving any air carrier operation when there is no
control tower operating, a segmented circle, a landing strip indicator
and a traffic pattern indicator must be installed around a wind cone for
each runway with a right-hand traffic pattern.

\(c\) FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for the
installation, lighting, and maintenance of traffic and wind indicators
that are acceptable to the Administrator.

**§ 139.325 Airport emergency plan.**

\(a\) In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate
holder must develop and maintain an airport emergency plan designed to
minimize the possibility and extent of personal injury and property
damage on the airport in an emergency. The plan must―

\(1\) Include procedures for prompt response to all emergencies listed
in paragraph (b) of this section, including a communications network;

\(2\) Contain sufficient detail to provide adequate guidance to each
person who must implement these procedures; and

\(3\) To the extent practicable, provide for an emergency response for
the largest air carrier aircraft in the Index group required under §
139.315.

\(b\) The plan required by this section must contain instructions for
response to―

\(1\) Aircraft incidents and accidents;

\(2\) Bomb incidents, including designation of parking areas for the
aircraft involved;

\(3\) Structural fires;

\(4\) Fires at fuel farms or fuel storage areas;

\(5\) Natural disaster;

\(6\) Hazardous materials/dangerous goods incidents;

\(7\) Sabotage, hijack incidents, and other unlawful interference with
operations;

\(8\) Failure of power for movement area lighting; and

\(9\) Water rescue situations, as appropriate.

\(c\) The plan required by this section must address or include―

\(1\) To the extent practicable, provisions for medical services,
including transportation and medical assistance for the maximum number
of persons that can be carried on the largest air carrier aircraft that
the airport reasonably can be expected to serve;

\(2\) The name, location, telephone number, and emergency capability of
each hospital and other medical facility and the business address and
telephone number of medical personnel on the airport or in the
communities it serves who have agreed to provide medical assistance or
transportation;

\(3\) The name, location, and telephone number of each rescue squad,
ambulance service, military installation, and government agency on the
airport or in the communities it serves that agrees to provide medical
assistance or transportation;

\(4\) An inventory of surface vehicles and aircraft that the facilities,
agencies, and personnel included in the plan under paragraphs (c)(2) and
(3) of this section will provide to transport injured and deceased
persons to locations on the airport and in the communities it serves;

\(5\) A list of each hangar or other building on the airport or in the
communities it serves that will be used to accommodate uninjured,
injured, and deceased persons;

\(6\) Plans for crowd control, including the name and location of each
safety or security agency that agrees to provide assistance for the
control of crowds in the event of an emergency on the airport; and

\(7\) Procedures for removing disabled aircraft, including, to the
extent practical, the name, location, and telephone numbers of agencies
with aircraft removal responsibilities or capabilities.

\(d\) The plan required by this section must provide for―

\(1\) The marshalling, transportation, and care of ambulatory injured
and uninjured accident survivors;

\(2\) The removal of disabled aircraft;

\(3\) Emergency alarm or notification systems; and

\(4\) Coordination of airport and control tower functions relating to
emergency actions, as appropriate.

\(e\) The plan required by this section must contain procedures for
notifying the facilities, agencies, and personnel who have
responsibilities under the plan of the location of an aircraft accident,
the number of persons involved in that accident, or any other
information necessary to carry out their responsibilities, as soon as
that information becomes available.

\(f\) The plan required by this section must contain provisions, to the
extent practicable, for the rescue of aircraft accident victims from
significant bodies of water or marsh lands adjacent to the airport that
are crossed by the approach and departure flight paths of air carriers.
A body of water or marshland is significant if the area exceeds
one-quarter square mile and cannot be traversed by conventional land
rescue vehicles. To the extent practicable, the plan must provide for
rescue vehicles with a combined capacity for handling the maximum number
of persons that can be carried on board the largest air carrier aircraft
in the Index group required under § 139.315.

\(g\) Each certificate holder must―

\(1\) Coordinate the plan with law enforcement agencies, rescue and
firefighting agencies, medical personnel and organizations, the
principal tenants at the airport, and all other persons who have
responsibilities under the plan;

\(2\) To the extent practicable, provide for participation by all
facilities, agencies, and personnel specified in paragraph (g)(1) of
this section in the development of the plan;

\(3\) Ensure that all airport personnel having duties and
responsibilities under the plan are familiar with their assignments and
are properly trained; and

\(4\) At least once every 12 consecutive calendar months, review the
plan with all of the parties with whom the plan is coordinated, as
specified in paragraph (g)(1) of this section, to ensure that all
parties know their responsibilities and that all of the information in
the plan is current.

\(h\) Each holder of a Class I Airport Operating Certificate must hold a
full-scale airport emergency plan exercise at least once every 36
consecutive calendar months.

\(i\) Each airport subject to applicable FAA and Transportation Security
Administration security regulations must ensure that instructions for
response to paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(7) of this section in the airport
emergency plan are consistent with its approved airport security
program.

\(j\) FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for the
development of an airport emergency plan that are acceptable to the
Administrator.

\(k\) The emergency plan required by this section must be submitted by
each holder of a Class II, III, or IV Airport Operating Certificate no
later than 24 consecutive calendar months after June 9, 2004.

**§ 139.327 Self-inspection program.**

\(a\) In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate
holder must inspect the airport to assure compliance with this subpart
according to the following schedule:

\(1\) Daily, except as otherwise required by the Airport Certification
Manual;

\(2\) When required by any unusual condition, such as construction
activities or meteorological conditions, that may affect safe air
carrier operations; and

\(3\) Immediately after an accident or incident.

\(b\) Each certificate holder must provide the following:

\(1\) Equipment for use in conducting safety inspections of the airport;

\(2\) Procedures, facilities, and equipment for reliable and rapid
dissemination of information between the certificate holder\'s personnel
and air carriers; and

\(3\) Procedures to ensure qualified personnel perform the inspections.
Such procedures must ensure personnel are trained, as specified under
Sec. 139.303, and receive initial and recurrent instruction every 12
consecutive calendar months in at least the following areas:

\(i\) Airport familiarization, including airport signs, marking and
lighting.

\(ii\) Airport emergency plan.

\(iii\) Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) notification procedures.

\(iv\) Procedures for pedestrians and ground vehicles in movement areas
and safety areas.

\(v\) Discrepancy reporting procedures; and

\(4\) A reporting system to ensure prompt correction of unsafe airport
conditions noted during the inspection, including wildlife strikes.

\(c\) Each certificate holder must―

\(1\) Prepare, and maintain for at least 12 consecutive calendar months,
a record of each inspection prescribed by this section, showing the
conditions found and all corrective actions taken.

\(2\) Prepare records of all training given after June 9, 2004 to each
individual in compliance with this section that includes, at a minimum,
a description and date of training received. Such records must be
maintained for 24 consecutive calendar months after completion of
training.

\(d\) FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for the
conduct of airport self-inspections that are acceptable to the
Administrator.

**§ 139.329 Pedestrians and ground vehicles.**

In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate holder
must―

\(a\) Limit access to movement areas and safety areas only to those
pedestrians and ground vehicles necessary for airport operations;

\(b\) Establish and implement procedures for the safe and orderly access
to, and operation in, movement areas and safety areas by pedestrians and
ground vehicles, including provisions identifying the consequences of
noncompliance with the procedures by an employee, tenant, or contractor;

\(c\) When an air traffic control tower is in operation, ensure that
each pedestrian and ground vehicle in movement areas or safety areas is
controlled by one of the following:

\(1\) Two-way radio communications between each pedestrian or vehicle
and the tower;

\(2\) An escort with two-way radio communications with the tower
accompanying any pedestrian or vehicle without a radio; or

\(3\) Measures authorized by the Administrator for controlling
pedestrians and vehicles, such as signs, signals, or guards, when it is
not operationally practical to have two-way radio communications between
the tower and the pedestrian, vehicle, or escort;

\(d\) When an air traffic control tower is not in operation, or there is
no air traffic control tower, provide adequate procedures to control
pedestrians and ground vehicles in movement areas or safety areas
through two-way radio communications or prearranged signs or signals;

\(e\) Ensure that each employee, tenant, or contractor is trained on
procedures required under paragraph (b) of this section, including
consequences of noncompliance, prior to moving on foot, or operating a
ground vehicle, in movement areas or safety areas; and

\(f\) Maintain the following records:

\(1\) A description and date of training completed after June 9, 2004 by
each individual in compliance with this section. A record for each
individual must be maintained for 24 consecutive months after the
termination of an individual\'s access to movement areas and safety
areas.

\(2\) A description and date of any accidents or incidents in the
movement areas and safety areas involving air carrier aircraft, a ground
vehicle or a pedestrian. Records of each accident or incident occurring
after the June 9, 2004, must be maintained for 12 consecutive calendar
months from the date of the accident or incident.

**§ 139.331 Obstructions.**

In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate holder
must ensure that each object in each area within its authority that has
been determined by the FAA to be an obstruction is removed, marked, or
lighted, unless determined to be unnecessary by an FAA aeronautical
study. FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for the
lighting of obstructions that are acceptable to the Administrator.

**§ 139.333 Protection of NAVAIDS.**

In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate holder
must―

\(a\) Prevent the construction of facilities on its airport that, as
determined by the Administrator, would derogate the operation of an
electronic or visual NAVAID and air traffic control facilities on the
airport;

\(b\) Protect―or if the owner is other than the certificate holder,
assist in protecting―all NAVAIDS on its airport against vandalism and
theft; and

\(c\) Prevent, insofar as it is within the airport\'s authority,
interruption of visual and electronic signals of NAVAIDS.

**§ 139.335 Public protection.**

\(a\) In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate
holder must provide―

\(1\) Safeguards to prevent inadvertent entry to the movement area by
unauthorized persons or vehicles; and

\(2\) Reasonable protection of persons and property from aircraft blast.

\(b\) Fencing that meets the requirements of applicable FAA and
Transportation Security Administration security regulations in areas
subject to these regulations is acceptable for meeting the requirements
of paragraph (a)(l) of this section.

**§ 139.337 Wildlife hazard management.**

\(a\) In accordance with its Airport Certification Manual and the
requirements of this section, each certificate holder must take
immediate action to alleviate wildlife hazards whenever they are
detected.

\(b\) In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate
holder must ensure that a wildlife hazard assessment is conducted when
any of the following events occurs on or near the airport:

\(1\) An air carrier aircraft experiences multiple wildlife strikes;

\(2\) An air carrier aircraft experiences substantial damage from
striking wildlife. As used in this paragraph, substantial damage means
damage or structural failure incurred by an aircraft that adversely
affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics
of the aircraft and that would normally require major repair or
replacement of the affected component;

\(3\) An air carrier aircraft experiences an engine ingestion of
wildlife; or

\(4\) Wildlife of a size, or in numbers, capable of causing an event
described in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3) of this section is
observed to have access to any airport flight pattern or aircraft
movement area.

\(c\) The wildlife hazard assessment required in paragraph (b) of this
section must be conducted by a wildlife damage management biologist who
has professional training and/or experience in wildlife hazard
management at airports or an individual working under direct supervision
of such an individual. The wildlife hazard assessment must contain at
least the following:

\(1\) An analysis of the events or circumstances that prompted the
assessment.

\(2\) Identification of the wildlife species observed and their numbers,
locations, local movements, and daily and seasonal occurrences.

\(3\) Identification and location of features on and near the airport
that attract wildlife.

\(4\) A description of wildlife hazards to air carrier operations.

\(5\) Recommended actions for reducing identified wildlife hazards to
air carrier operations.

\(d\) The wildlife hazard assessment required under paragraph (b) of
this section must be submitted to the Administrator for approval and
determination of the need for a wildlife hazard management plan. In
reaching this determination, the Administrator will consider―

\(1\) The wildlife hazard assessment;

\(2\) Actions recommended in the wildlife hazard assessment to reduce
wildlife hazards;

\(3\) The aeronautical activity at the airport, including the frequency
and size of air carrier aircraft;

\(4\) The views of the certificate holder;

\(5\) The views of the airport users; and

\(6\) Any other known factors relating to the wildlife hazard of which
the Administrator is aware.

\(e\) When the Administrator determines that a wildlife hazard
management plan is needed, the certificate holder must formulate and
implement a plan using the wildlife hazard assessment as a basis. The
plan must―

\(1\) Provide measures to alleviate or eliminate wildlife hazards to air
carrier operations;

\(2\) Be submitted to, and approved by, the Administrator prior to
implementation; and

\(3\) As authorized by the Administrator, become a part of the Airport
Certification Manual.

\(f\) The plan must include at least the following:

\(1\) A list of the individuals having authority and responsibility for
implementing each aspect of the plan.

\(2\) A list prioritizing the following actions identified in the
wildlife hazard assessment and target dates for their initiation and
completion:

\(i\) Wildlife population management;

\(ii\) Habitat modification; and

\(iii\) Land use changes.

\(3\) Requirements for and, where applicable, copies of local, State,
and Federal wildlife control permits.

\(4\) Identification of resources that the certificate holder will
provide to implement the plan.

\(5\) Procedures to be followed during air carrier operations that at a
minimum includes―

\(i\) Designation of personnel responsible for implementing the
procedures;

\(ii\) Provisions to conduct physical inspections of the aircraft
movement areas and other areas critical to successfully manage known
wildlife hazards before air carrier operations begin;

\(iii\) Wildlife hazard control measures; and

\(iv\) Ways to communicate effectively between personnel conducting
wildlife control or observing wildlife hazards and the air traffic
control tower.

\(6\) Procedures to review and evaluate the wildlife hazard management
plan every 12 consecutive months or following an event described in
paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3) of this section, including:

\(i\) The plan\'s effectiveness in dealing with known wildlife hazards
on and in the airport\'s vicinity and

\(ii\) Aspects of the wildlife hazards described in the wildlife hazard
assessment that should be reevaluated.

\(7\) A training program conducted by a qualified wildlife damage
management biologist to provide airport personnel with the knowledge and
skills needed to successfully carry out the wildlife hazard management
plan required by paragraph (d) of this section.

\(g\) FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for wildlife
hazard management at airports that are acceptable to the Administrator.

**139.339 Airport condition reporting.**

In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate holder
must―

\(a\) Provide for the collection and dissemination of airport condition
information to air carriers.

\(b\) In complying with paragraph (a) of this section, use the NOTAM
system, as appropriate, and other systems and procedures authorized by
the Administrator.

\(c\) In complying with paragraph (a) of this section, provide
information on the following airport conditions that may affect the safe
operations of air carriers:

\(1\) Construction or maintenance activity on movement areas, safety
areas, or loading ramps and parking areas.

\(2\) Surface irregularities on movement areas, safety areas, or loading
ramps and parking areas.

\(3\) Snow, ice, slush, or water on the movement area or loading ramps
and parking areas.

\(4\) Snow piled or drifted on or near movement areas contrary to §
139.313.

\(5\) Objects on the movement area or safety areas contrary to §
139.309.

\(6\) Malfunction of any lighting system, holding position signs, or ILS
critical area signs required by § 139.311.

\(7\) Unresolved wildlife hazards as identified in accordance with §
139.337.

\(8\) Nonavailability of any rescue and firefighting capability required
in §§ 139.317 or 139.319.

\(9\) Any other condition as specified in the Airport Certification
Manual or that may otherwise adversely affect the safe operations of air
carriers.

\(d\) Each certificate holder must prepare and keep, for at least 12
consecutive calendar months, a record of each dissemination of airport
condition information to air carriers prescribed by this section.

\(e\) FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for using
the NOTAM system and the dissemination of airport information that are
acceptable to the Administrator.

**§ 139.341 Identifying, marking, and lighting construction and other**

**unserviceable areas.**

\(a\) In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate
holder must―

\(1\) Mark and, if appropriate, light in a manner authorized by the
Administrator―

\(i\) Each construction area and unserviceable area that is on or
adjacent to any movement area or any other area of the airport on which
air carrier aircraft may be operated;

\(ii\) Each item of construction equipment and each construction
roadway, which may affect the safe movement of aircraft on the airport;
and

\(iii\) Any area adjacent to a NAVAID that, if traversed, could cause
derogation of the signal or the failure of the NAVAID; and

\(2\) Provide procedures, such as a review of all appropriate utility
plans prior to construction, for avoiding damage to existing utilities,
cables, wires, conduits, pipelines, or other underground facilities.

\(b\) FAA Advisory Circulars contain methods and procedures for
identifying and marking construction areas that are acceptable to the
Administrator.

**§ 139.343 Noncomplying conditions.**

Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, whenever the
requirements of subpart D of this part cannot be met to the extent that
uncorrected unsafe conditions exist on the airport, the certificate
holder must limit air carrier operations to those portions of the
airport not rendered unsafe by those conditions.