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**STATE OF NEW MEXICO**

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#### New Mexico Department of Health

**Public Health Division**

**Health Systems Bureau**

**Office of Substance Abuse Prevention**

**Publication December 2008**

**For more information:**

**NMDOH/PHD**

**Office of Substance Abuse Prevention**

**(formerly Prevention Services Bureau of BHSD)**

**1190 St. Francis Drive, N3300**

**Santa Fe, New Mexico 87502**

**(505) 827-2601**

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**BILL RICHARDSON**

**GOVERNOR**

**NEW MEXICO**

**DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH**

**ALFREDO VIGIL, M.D.**

**SECRETARY**

**KRISTINE SUOZZI**

**DIRECTOR**

**PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION**

**MARY ALTENBERG**

**CHIEF**

**HEALTH SYSTEMS BUREAU**

**DON MAESTAS, MSW**

**DIRECTOR**

**OFFICE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION**

#### Substance Abuse Prevention Evaluation Outcomes Fiscal Year 2007

**Prevention Services Bureau**

**Behavioral Health Services Division**

#### New Mexico Department of Health

#### 

#### Overview

New Mexico, and the nation, confront a major on-going crisis as citizens
abuse substances. The personal, social, and financial costs of substance
abuse are staggering. Treatment aims to reduce current addiction. But no
amount of treatment can effectively address New Mexico's addiction
crisis. Only by preventing new addiction can the state's substance abuse
crisis be successfully alleviated. New Mexico's prevention system seeks
to reduce adolescent use before it leads to other problem behaviors or
becomes an addiction, and to delay first time use by working with
families and younger children. Age of onset, the first time a youth
experiments with alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs, has been shown by
extensive research to be the single most decisive predictor of future
substance use and addiction.

Two decades of prevention practice and research nationwide have
demonstrated that prevention can delay youth experimentation and reduce
the prevalence of youth substance use. Successful outcomes such as
these, across a state's population, can substantially decrease future
rates of adult addiction and the pain and suffering that adolescent use
can create. New Mexico has built a prevention system that in recent
years has demonstrated substantial successes. This report presents
highlights of those successes for the fiscal year 2007.

The New Mexico Department of Health, Behavioral Health Services Division
Prevention Services Bureau is dedicated to maintaining and improving a
comprehensive State Substance Abuse Prevention System. The Prevention
Services Bureau works diligently to enhance the capacity of community
prevention providers in New Mexico to ensure the delivery of effective
prevention services. These services are aimed at reducing alcohol,
tobacco and other drug (ATOD) abuse. The successful local outcomes of
New Mexico prevention programs are highlighted in this Executive
Summary. The investment of state and federal dollars in the
implementation of evidence-based prevention programs is producing
positive outcomes for youth, families and communities in New Mexico.

Prevention programs funded by NMDOH/BHSD are available to a variety of
populations in many different settings. Around the state, services are
available to pregnant mothers, children 0-6, parents, guardians and
grandparents. There are programs for preschool children, and students in
elementary, middle and high school. Programs are available in youth
centers, churches and community centers. Funding from NMDOH/BHSD also
supports parenting and family programs, as well as community coalitions.

Prevention services are the first line of defense against substance
abuse. As currently applied to substance abuse prevention in New Mexico,
the Institute of Medicine model views prevention services on a continuum
of care spanning from prevention to treatment to maintenance. The sole
focus of prevention efforts is on decreasing the degree of
individual/family/community vulnerability to related risk factors and
increasing protective factors that can buffer individual, family or
community vulnerability to risks of use. Prevention is further
identified as a continuum of strategies according to the degree of risk
of service populations:

-   *Universal* strategies address the entire population with messages
    and programs aimed at preventing or delaying problem behaviors and
    emotional and/or behavioral disorders.

-   *Selective* strategies serve subsets of the population who are
    deemed to be at risk for emotional and/or behavioral disorders such
    as children of alcoholics, dropouts, and students who are failing
    academically.

-   *Indicated* strategies are designed to prevent the onset of
    emotional and behavioral disorders among those individuals
    identified as being high risk.

Two prevention frameworks, developed in the prevention research
literature over the past two decades are emphasized by the NMDOH/BHSD.
They are, the risk factor/protective factor framework and the youth
development framework. As presented in *Effective Prevention Programming
in New Mexico* (Office of the Governor and NMDOH, January 1999), the
risk/protective framework stresses the importance of reducing risk
factors and enhancing protective factors as identified through a
community needs assessment. Conditions associated with greater potential
for drug abuse are termed "risk factors." Those conditions associated
with reduced potential for abuse are called "protective factors."

In this framework the emphasis is on providing youth with skills,
opportunities for involvement, and recognition to help ensure that they
form pro-social bonds and develop healthy beliefs and clear standards.
This framework also applies to reducing risk factors and enhancing
protective factors in environments that influence youth, such as
families, schools, neighborhoods, and communities.

Youth development is the process through which adolescents seek and are
assisted to meet their needs and build individual assets or competencies
relevant to enabling them to become successful, confident and
self-reliant adults. It is a framework that focuses on capabilities,
strengths and developmental needs and views young people as resources.
Programs that apply a youth development approach seek to build
competencies in the physical, social, cognitive, vocational, and moral
areas of a young person's life. It is an ongoing process in which young
people are engaged and invested. Youth development programs help youth
to deal with the challenges of adolescence and prepare them for the
independence and responsibilities of being parents, workers and
citizens.

Many of New Mexico's prevention contractors merge elements of these two
frameworks into an approach that emphasizes development of youth,
family, and community assets while simultaneously addressing risk
factors of participating youth and families.

Prevention contractors are required to follow accepted Substance Abuse
Prevention Standards, which include the following:

-   conducting **community needs assessments** regarding local alcohol,
    tobacco and other drug issues;

-   developing **prevention plans with measurable goals and objectives**
    based on the results of the needs assessment, utilizing data from
    the needs assessment and input from community members;

-   utilizing **multiple prevention strategies** (information
    dissemination, education, identification and referral, community
    processes and environmental strategies) across **multiple domains**
    (community, school, family, peers, individuals) aimed at having a
    broader impact on the population receiving services;

-   implementing **evidence-based prevention services** proven to impact
    variables associated with the abuse of alcohol, tobacco and other
    drugs;

-   conducting rigorous, high-level **outcome evaluation** of prevention
    services in order to make necessary modifications and to demonstrate
    the effectiveness of the services.

The use of multiple strategies in multiple domains, combined with the
use of evidence-based approaches and rigorous program outcome
evaluation, has moved Prevention Services Bureau contractors into
implementing proven and effective research-based substance abuse
prevention services.

To date, there are five prevention programs developed in New Mexico, and
funded through the NMDOH/BHSD that have received national recognition as
Exemplary Substance Abuse Prevention Programs through a nation-wide
competitive process sponsored by the National Prevention Network, the
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, and the Community Anti-Drug
Coalitions of America. These exemplary prevention programs are:

-   The Albuquerque Partnership (2000)

-   Project Venture/National Indian Youth Leadership Project (2001)

-   First Born Program/Gila Regional Medical Centers (2002)

-   Connecting To Courage/Santa Fe Community College (2002), and

-   Talking Talons Youth Leadership Program (2002).

####### BHSD STATEWIDE OUTCOME EVALUATION

Drug use among youth continues to be a national concern; recent data on
drug use trends indicate that drug use has remained relatively stable
between 1997 and 2003. Data from the National Household Survey on Drug
Abuse and Health, 2006 (the most recent year of data available) suggests
that while the level of drug use does not appear to be substantially
increasing for marijuana, alcohol and cigarettes, there still remains a
high prevalence of use among youth. One area of concern is the increase
in use between 1999-2003 of any illicit drug among 12-17 year old
Whites, Hispanics and Blacks. While there was a slight decrease for
Whites and Blacks in 2003, Hispanic drug use continues to rise in 12-17
categories. In the 18-25 categories, Hispanic use is lower than Whites
and Blacks; this is consistent in years 1997-2003. The prevalence of use
among youth indicates a continued need to maintain, strengthen, and
broaden the use of effective youth prevention programs. Preventative
efforts to reduce the prevalence of drug use among diverse ethnic groups
must continue to focus on the delivery of evidence based program models
that improve resiliency and protective factors and decrease risk
factors.

The field of Substance Abuse Prevention has made significant advances
over the past decade to reduce and/or delay onset of substance abuse and
related behaviors. Scientifically defensible prevention efforts reduce
risks among youth. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration's Center for Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP)
along with other researchers (Hawkins Catalano, 1993) has promoted a Web
of Influence frame work for understanding the causes and correlates of
substance abuse. The Web of Influence model has been equally important
for designing prevention programs.

[]{.mark}

## The Web of Influence

SUBSTANCE USE

Factors that contribute to drug use include risk at the individual,
peer, school, family and community conditions. The State of New Mexico
Department of Health, Office of Substance Abuse Prevention (OSAP)
formerly known as Behavioral Health Services Division or BHSD has
effectively utilized a Web of Influence Model to implement a number of
prevention initiatives across the state.

The 2006-2007 program years include these initiatives:

[]{.mark}

-   12-17 Prevention Programs

-   The Pre-K through Sixth Grade Prevention Initiative

-   State Incentive Grant (SIG) Enhancement: 0-6 Initiative

-   Strategic Prevention Framework State Incentive Grant (SPF)

-   Community Prevention Coalitions

The most recent available analysis of outcome evaluation data reported
below, comes from program activities completed in FY 2007. Preliminary
data results continue to show the effectiveness of New Mexico's
prevention efforts.

In 1999, the NM BHSD launched a comprehensive statewide prevention
network with funding from the New Mexico State Incentive Grant (SIG).
Nineteen programs in 1999 grew to over seventy programs at the end of
fiscal year 2002. During fiscal year 2005, from July 1, 2004 to June 30,
2005, the NM BHSD awarded approximately \$7.5 million to prevention
programs throughout the state. Approximately \$342,000 went to Coalition
programs. About \$2.5 million went to science-based programs for youth
ages 12 to 17. A special black tar heroin initiative was allocated about
\$384,000. Programs for children in PreK-6 programs received
approximately \$2 million. A coalition driven organization working on a
New Mexico-Mexico border project was awarded \$94,000. Smoking
prevention efforts received \$900,000. One of the initial state goals at
the onset of funding in 1998 was to leverage federal funding to increase
prevention dollars. In fiscal year 2007 the BHSD funded prevention
efforts with about \$7.1 million dollars, almost double the original
amount allocated to the first NM SIG programs.

**New Mexico Evidence-Based Programs for 12-17 Years**

**Program Outcomes, FY 07**

### 

Covering most areas of the state and a diverse range of evidenced-based
prevention programs, the NM BHSD programs for youth ages 12 to 17 remain
the centerpiece of New Mexico's ATODA prevention labors. These programs
include nationally recognized efforts, such at Botvin Life Skills, and
Project Venture, a locally developed model and practice that has now
gained national recognition as an exemplary program.

Outcome data using a pre-post evaluation design were gathered at each of
the 21 local 12-17 sites. Participants were evaluated at program entry
and program exit. The statewide survey, **Strategies for Success** was
used along with other local data collection tools. Using the Strategies
for Success survey allows for comparing findings between last year and
the current reporting period. In addition, it will be possible to
aggregate data across more than one year.

The aggregated total sample of matched pairs for 12-17 programs was
2,142. Separate analysis was completed for male and female participants.
Two age groups, 12-14 and 15-17 were also analyzed separately.
Additionally, a separate analysis by ethnicity was completed for
Hispanic, Native American and Anglo sub groups.

Substance Use for 12-17-Year-Old Respondents

+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+
| **Past 30-Day Use**         |            |            |              |
+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+
| **Data (Ages 12-17)**       | *          | **C        | *            |
|                             | *Alcohol** | igarette** | *Marijuana** |
+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+
| National Household Survey   | 17.7%      | 12.2%      | 7.9%         |
| on Drug Abuse and Health,   |            |            |              |
| 2003                        |            |            |              |
+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+
| New Mexico 12-17, 2007      | 17%        | 10.9%      | 9%           |
|                             |            |            |              |
| (past 30day---can get all)  |            |            |              |
+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+

*Evaluation*

State-of-the-art science based measures are used by the evaluation team
across all sites allowing for aggregated statewide findings. The
statewide evaluation of 12-17 science based outcomes consisted
principally of a pre-test/post-test evaluation strategy. This is
accomplished through the use of a standardized instrument, developed in
New Mexico that includes self-reported measures of substance use and
related behaviors. Known as the "Strategies for Success" evaluation
instrument, the survey asks a series of questions about youth
experimentation and patterns of current (past 30 day) alcohol, tobacco,
and other illicit drug use. Findings revealed that in fact the
participants of the 12-17 prevention programs are at high risk and in
many cases had already initiated drug use. It is important to note, that
the following findings do not reflect substance use patterns for all New
Mexico youth, but rather, provide information about participants of the
12-17 programs.

### Prevalence of drug use among New Mexico youth

The use of alcohol among New Mexico youth participants is somewhat high.
For example, the life time use rate of any type of alcohol is 39.3% and
current 30 day alcohol use is 14.4 %. The lifetime prevalence rate of
cigarette use for New Mexico prevention youth participants is 26.4%.

[]{.mark}

It is important to mention that youth participants are not
representative of all New Mexico youth. Often, youth who participate in
OSAP Programs are selected because they have shown early signs and
symptoms of behavioral problems, school failure or other discipline
problems in the home as in previous years. It is safe to argue that OSAP
prevention programs are targeting and recruiting youth who have
experimented with alcohol, tobacco or other drugs, or in any way are at
risk for future drug abuse.

Data from the 12-17 programs was collected at 23 sites utilizing the
Strategies for Success. 12-17 program evaluators assessed participants
at program entry and at program exit. Focused effort in data collection
among evaluators produced a significant sample size for analysis.

Rigorous outcomes for 12-17programs sites have been analyzed for the
following groups of participants:

-   Separate analysis for male and female participants

-   Separate analysis for two age groups including 12-14 and 15-17

-   Separate analysis for ethnic sub groups (Hispanic, Native American,
    Anglo)

The first general set of outcome data analysis was performed for the
entire 12-17 prevention program youth participant sample. The
demographics table below provides information on all 12-17 prevention
program youth, between the ages of 12-17, who were registered and who
completed at least a baseline SFS tool. This includes information on
2,142 youth.

**Outcomes**

Although increases in drug use except for tobacco use were prevented,
statistically significant negative changes in risk taking, intention to
abstain, peer drug use, parental support and tolerance of drug use,
adult drug use, and perceived availability were reported by the 12-14
year olds. The interventions appear to have prevented most ATOD use
among both boys and girls of all ages. Surprisingly, girls showed small
but statistically significant negative changes in risk and protective
factors not evident among boys. These findings contrast with earlier
studies of other samples showing girls' risk factors to be lower.
Finally, younger participants were at higher risk for drug use than
older participants due to their beliefs and perceptions related to drug
use, not in any ATOD use.

**Prevention Group Findings**

The results showed that 12-17 participants showed areas of improvement
in resiliency factors and a decline in risk factors.

-   The prevention group held constant on the behavior symptom checklist
    from baseline to post-test.

-   Youth in the 12-17 prevention programs had an increase in risk
    taking behavior.

-   The prevention group held constant in perceived harm of ATOD use.

-   Intolerance of ATOD use decreased significantly.

**Evaluation Results for the 2006-2007 Program Year Using a Comparison
Group**

Many New Mexico youth participating in evidence-based programs funded by
OSAP for 12 to 17 year olds also participate in an evaluation study
using a standardized evaluation instrument. The purpose of this
evaluation initiative is to demonstrate that New Mexico's funded
evidence-based prevention programs are demonstrating a positive impact
on the lives of youth who are in these programs. 2,142 youth completed
this instrument, the "Strategies for Success," both at program
initiation and again at the end of their 2006-2007 programs. A similar
data collection strategy has been used to collect comparison group data.
Over a five-year period, approximately 400 youth in other communities
who are not participating in these prevention programs have also
completed this evaluation instrument near the beginning of each school
year and again approximately six months later. Key measures of use are
reported here, comparing the current year results with the average
results of the comparison study from the past five years. The
aggregation of results from each of the past five years creates a large
comparison group, now roughly the same size as the number of program
participants who participate in the evaluation study each year.

**Past 30-day use of Alcohol**

![](media/image4.wmf)

Program participants reported almost no new alcohol use at post-test
(17) vs. pre-test (16.9), an increase in use of only .01%. The five-year
comparison group cohort, on the other hand, reported an average increase
in the rate of use across the five years of 27.8% (23.6 to 30.2). The
range of self-reported use across the comparison group is relatively
consistent across the five years, ranging from a low of 20.3 to a high
of 25.2.

**Past 30-day use of Marijuana**

The program participant youth reported similar results for marijuana. At
pre-test, the self-reported use rate was 9.1. At program completion, the
reported use rate of marijuana was 9, a decrease of 0.1%.

![](media/image5.wmf)

Comparison group participants reported an average pre-test use rate of
12.14, with an average increase over the five years in the rate of 7.76,
which is a 63.9% increase in the rate of use. The self-reported use
rates (pre-) for the five comparison group points range from 9.1 to
15.5.

**Past 30-day use of Tobacco (Cigarettes)**

Tobacco use increased in both the participant and the comparison groups.
Among program participants, use increased from a rate of 15.2 to a rate
of 17.4, an increase in the rate of 14.5%.

![](media/image6.wmf)

Among youth in the comparison group, use increased from an average
baseline rate for the five-year period of 18.5 by an average of 7.9, a
42.6% increase. Self-reported use rates for the comparison group range
from 11.9 to 25.1.

**Past 30-day use of Other Illicit Drugs**

The final analysis presented is for other illicit drug use (excluding
marijuana). Among program participants, the self-reported rate of use
decreased from 3.9 to 3.2, a decrease in the rate of 17.9%.

![](media/image7.wmf)

Among the comparison group, self-reported use of other illicit drugs
increased from an average rate of 10.28 to one of 11.94, an increase of
16.1%. The range of use rates for this category demonstrates the most
fluctuation of any substance category. That range is from 4.2 to 18, a
quite substantial variation.

The change in the rates of use among program participants vs. the
comparison group consistently demonstrates a substantial impact that is
mediating, preventing, and sometimes reducing the use among adolescents.

### 

### Conclusions

Although increases in drug use except for tobacco use were prevented,
statistically significant negative changes in risk taking, intention to
abstain, peer drug use, parental support and tolerance of drug use,
adult drug use, and perceived availability were reported by the 12-14
year olds. The interventions appear to have prevented most ATOD use
among both boys and girls of all ages. Surprisingly, girls showed small
but statistically significant negative changes in risk and protective
factors not evident among boys. These findings contrast with earlier
studies of other samples showing girls' risk factors to be lower.
Finally, younger participants were at higher risk for drug use than
older participants due to their beliefs and perceptions related to drug
use, not in any ATOD use.

**Pre-K through 6^th^ grade Initiative**

As a result of the effective prevention programming and evaluation
system, New Mexico Department of Health/Behavioral Health Services
Division was awarded monies for an additional initiative in February
2004. This initiative, funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration (SAMHSA)/Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
(CSAP) focused on implementing evidence based substance abuse prevention
programs directed at reducing risks and promoting resiliency and school
preparedness. Participants include children ages 0 to 6, (NM SIG
Enhancement: 0-6) inclusive of families and communities. Though the
SAMHSA funding has now ended, OSAP continues to support programs
providing services to youth in this age group and their families.

Service providers selected a variety of evidence-based curricula to
implement in their communities. New service providers were added to this
initiative; therefore training and technical assistance were provided.
This is one of two programs nationwide funded to target this age group.
Evaluation results are not yet available from this initiative.

Pre kindergarten through 6^th^ grade programs also provide a full
continuum of comprehensive community-based prevention services for
individuals, families and communities, including Synar activities to
reduce the sale of tobacco to minors. As appropriate, the contractor
shall provide targeted evidence based prevention programs for youth who
are not in need of treatment, and maintain fidelity of the selected
evidence based programs. PreK-6 programs are aimed at directly impacting
risk and resiliency factors in the targeted age group. These programs
tend to involve both youth and their families.

Evaluation of the Pre-Kindergarten through 6^th^ grade (PreK-6)
Initiative of the BHSD involved a significant shift in design and
approach, particularly given the age level of youth participants. BHSD
contractors were asked to provide a comprehensive family approach to
substance abuse prevention that included a parent intervention
component. Each of these shifts in focus and age of target youth
required the development of a new battery of evaluation tools that were
piloted and implemented during the 2004 fiscal program year.

As with other BHSD evidence based prevention initiatives, a pre-test,
post-test design without control groups was used with the intent to
aggregate all youth, parent, and teacher outcome data for this year-end
reporting. Local evaluators monitored and provided oversight at each of
the 20 funded PreK-6 prevention sites and worked closely with the
statewide evaluation team to provide timely data submission.

Youth below the 4^th^ grade do not complete any written evaluation
forms. Parent and teacher reports (n=480 matched pairs) are used as the
basis for the evaluation of these younger children. Youth in the 5-6^th^
grade age range (n=286 matched pairs) were administered the Youth Risk
Survey which also included specific items on lifetime and current
substance use.

+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+
| **Table 4**            |   |          |   |                                 |
|                        |   |          |   |                                 |
| **Demographic          |   |          |   |                                 |
| Information for prek-6 |   |          |   |                                 |
| youth participants**   |   |          |   |                                 |
|                        |   |          |   |                                 |
| **Number of Parents    |   |          |   |                                 |
| (N=575)**              |   |          |   |                                 |
+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+
| **Parent Gender**      |   |          |   |                                 |
+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+
| Male                   | 1 |          | 2 |                                 |
|                        | 4 |          | 5 |                                 |
|                        | 5 |          | . |                                 |
|                        |   |          | 7 |                                 |
|                        |   |          | % |                                 |
|                        |   |          | \ |                                 |
|                        |   |          | * |                                 |
|                        |   |          | \ |                                 |
|                        |   |          | * |                                 |
+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+
| 0-5                    | 4 |          | 7 |                                 |
|                        | 2 |          | 4 |                                 |
|                        | 0 |          | . |                                 |
|                        |   |          | 3 |                                 |
|                        |   |          | % |                                 |
|                        |   |          | \ |                                 |
|                        |   |          | * |                                 |
|                        |   |          | \ |                                 |
|                        |   |          | * |                                 |
+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+
|                        |   |          |   |                                 |
+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+
| **Age of Children**    |   |          |   |                                 |
+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+
| 7-9                    | 1 |          | 1 |                                 |
|                        | 7 |          | 5 |                                 |
|                        | 7 |          | . |                                 |
|                        |   |          | 8 |                                 |
|                        |   |          | % |                                 |
|                        |   |          | \ |                                 |
|                        |   |          | * |                                 |
|                        |   |          | \ |                                 |
|                        |   |          | * |                                 |
+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+
| 10-12                  | 9 |          | 8 |                                 |
|                        | 1 |          | 1 |                                 |
|                        | 0 |          | . |                                 |
|                        |   |          | 3 |                                 |
|                        |   |          | % |                                 |
+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+
| 13-15                  | 3 |          | 2 |                                 |
|                        | 2 |          | . |                                 |
|                        |   |          | 9 |                                 |
|                        |   |          | % |                                 |
+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+
| # Gender               |   |          |   |                                 |
+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+
| Male                   |   | 575      |   | 51.3%                           |
+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+
| Female                 |   | 546      |   | 48.7%                           |
+------------------------+---+----------+---+---------------------------------+

**Pre/Post-Test Comparison**

Overall, data results for this fourth year of the Pre-K-6 programs were
positive.

> []{.mark}

Results include some of the following highlights:

-   Family interaction exhibited a slight increase indicating that
    parents are improving how they interact with their child and their
    family. These findings suggest that PreK-6 grade Programs are having
    a positive effect on improving how parents communicate and
    interrelate with their children.

-   Parent-child interaction had significant improvements over the
    intervention period. Parents' abilities to positively interact and
    feel confident of their child's affection and abilities improved
    substantially.

[]{.mark}

Data findings from the fourth year of the Pre-K-6 initiative are very
promising for Pre-K-4^th^ grade students and parents. The data finding
indicate that program services for Pre-K-4^th^ grade parent participants
were effective in promoting positive changes in behaviors at home and
the community, and much of this impact is likely the result of including
parents in the substance abuse prevention effort.

**0-6 Program Initiative**

Overall the programs appear to have had an extraordinarily positive
impact on participants. Protective factors, especially parenting skills,
moved in a positive direction. Risk factors, especially negative parent
child interaction, were reduced. Local evaluators reported parents
indicated that the program helped them a lot. "They learned positive
discipline methods and how to shape their children's behavior in a
pro-social direction without resorting to punishment and spanking."

There was improvement in participants' home environment. This finding
indicates that after participating in the program the teen parents moved
homes less often, their neighborhood was safer, their home was safer,
their income was more stable, they were better able to provide
nutritious meals for their child, had better hygiene and had reliable
access to transportation, and were better at scheduling time for their
child to play and study."

There was very slight improvement in participants' social support. This
finding indicates that after participating in the program the teen
parents had more positive interactions with friends and neighbors, were
able to access more help from others when needing food, clothing or
shelter, and were able to access more help with childcare, cooking,
transportation, and housework. Some reported being able to take better
care of their child, and reported the child's father was more involved
with the daily care of their child.

##### **Findings for Hispanic and Native American Youth**

OSAP prevention services have been provided to a wide range of youth who
represent diverse populations. The following sets of analysis are
intended to determine the benefits of prevention programming for
Hispanic and Native American Youth. These separate analyses are
important since there are few studies focusing on drug prevention for
minority and rural youth.

**Hispanic**

The **[Strategies for Success (SFS)]{.underline}** survey was used to
assess and measure the effectiveness of services for Hispanic youth
across the State of New Mexico. The SFS survey allows for the measure of
significant findings between the pre and post test. In this survey
participants were asked about personal perceptions of ATOD use, as well
as past thirty day use.

Of the aggregate sample of participants which received services through
12-17 Prevention Programs in the State of New Mexico, Hispanic youth
participants made up N=1,359. Of the total participants 49.0% were male
and 51.0% female with 80.6% ages 12-14, and 19.5% ages 15-17.

**Pre/Post-Test Comparison**

-   For Hispanic youth, only Marijuana use had a significant finding for
    past 30-day use, however not strong enough as no effect size.
    Findings based on means indicated that tobacco, alcohol, marijuana,
    and illicit drug use all slightly increased.

###### []{.mark}

###### Hispanic Males

-   Hispanic males were found to have a significant increase in impact
    of AOD use, although the effect size was small (~p~^2^=.009).

-   For Hispanic males, there were decreases in tobacco, alcohol and
    marijuana 30-day use, however not strong enough to render an effect
    size. Findings for illicit drug use remained the same.

For Hispanic males, there were decreases in tobacco, alcohol and
marijuana 30-day use, however not strong enough to render an effect
size. Findings for illicit drug use remained the same.

**Hispanic Females**

-   Hispanic females had a significant increase in perceived harm of
    ATOD however no effect size.

-   Hispanic females experienced decrease in impact of AOD use, but
    effect size was too small to document.

-   Marijuana and illicit drug use for past 30-day use had a slight
    decrease while tobacco and alcohol had slight increase, all of these
    items had no effect size.

### Native American 

Analysis of the outcome evaluation data from the pre/post test
instrument for this reporting period indicated that the evaluation
instrument was highly reliable among Native American Youth (with the
exception of 2 scales), meaning that the items in the instrument were
well understood by Native American youth, and that they answered the
questions honestly.

For the Native American youth an aggregate sample of N=414 was
collected. Of the Native American participants 50% were male and 50%
were female with 86% being of ages 12-14, and 14% of ages 15-17.

## **Pre/Post-Test Comparison** 

-   Among Native American youth behavioral and adult ATOD use had a
    significant decrease.

######## Cornstalk Institute Program

######## ![](media/image8.jpeg){width="6.492361111111111in" height="4.86875in"}

######## 

######## 

######## Fiscal Year 2007 Highlights of Outcomes from Community Prevention Programs

Research consistently demonstrates that the most successful prevention
initiatives and most meaningful outcomes are produced by community
projects that implement broad based activities that focus on multiple
domains \-- individual, family, school, peer, and community. The BHSD
has supported strong coalition driven projects that implement programs
designed to change one or more of the three major community level
factors that influence substance abuse. Those factors include: community
norms that are favorable to substance use, easy availability of
substances both illegal and illicit, and policies, regulations and their
enforcement (or lack thereof) that create favorable conditions for
substance abuse.

All programs funded by the BHSD have been encouraged to implement
environmental strategies that are designed to impact norms, availability
or access to tobacco, alcohol and other drugs. The beginning section of
the following program table highlights some of the activities and
accomplishment during the 2007 Fiscal Year.

**Office of Substance Abuse Prevention**

Evaluation Outcomes 2007

+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **Community | **         | **Program(s)  | ## **Outcomes**           |
| Based       | Location** | implemented   |                           |
| Program**   |            | and           |                           |
|             |            | Population    |                           |
|             |            | served**      |                           |
+=============+============+===============+===========================+
| #           |            |               |                           |
|  COALITIONS |            |               |                           |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **          | Al         | I             | -   Successful community  |
| Albuquerque | buquerque; | mplementation |     organizing to halt    |
| Pa          |            | of            |     expansion of Diamond  |
| rtnership** | South      | environmental |     Shamrock's liquor     |
|             | Valley, La | strategies    |     retail outlet         |
|             | Mesa,      | addressing    |                           |
|             | Trumbull   | issues of     | -   Closing of the Hot    |
|             | Village,   | drug abuse,   |     Spot "Fox's Booze and |
|             | Barelas,   | drug related  |     Cruise" liquor        |
|             | Sawmill,   | crime,        |     establishment         |
|             | Mountain   | education,    |                           |
|             | View,      | public safety | ```{=html}                |
|             | Martinez   | and community | <!-- -->                  |
|             | Town &     | development.  | ```                       |
|             | Santa      | The           | -   26 Hot spots reported |
|             | Barbara,   | Albuquerque   |     via Partnership in FY |
|             | Adobe      | Partnerships  |     2007; 14 of these     |
|             | Acres,     | works with    |     have been resolved    |
|             | Valley     | several       |     and file closed.      |
|             | Gardens,   | neighborhood  |                           |
|             |            | associations  | -   Six presentations     |
|             |            | and city      |     conducted by the      |
|             |            | groups in     |     Party Patrol at three |
|             |            | providing     |     schools reaching 900+ |
|             |            | training,     |     students              |
|             |            | technical     |                           |
|             |            | assistance    | -   Assisted the partner  |
|             |            | and           |     neighborhood          |
|             |            | encouraging   |     associations (NA's)   |
|             |            | mobilization  |     with the development  |
|             |            | & positive    |     of their strategic    |
|             |            | development.  |     plans for 2007        |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Partnership staffs    |
|             |            |               |     kept the pace of      |
|             |            |               |     attending and/or      |
|             |            |               |     being on the agendas  |
|             |            |               |     of their 8 partner    |
|             |            |               |     NA's in each of the 4 |
|             |            |               |     quarters of FY2007    |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   SYNAR: 100%           |
|             |            |               |     compliance by         |
|             |            |               |     merchants in survey   |
|             |            |               |     pool                  |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **Ayudantes | San Miguel | The agency    | -   Building of community |
| Inc**       | County,    | works to      |     capacity and          |
|             | sp         | offer         |     collaboration with    |
|             | ecifically | high-quality, |     agencies, including:  |
|             | Las Vegas  | low cost      |     The City of Las       |
|             |            | mental        |     Vegas, Samaritan      |
|             |            | health,       |     House/Estrella        |
|             |            | substance     |     Nativa, Somos         |
|             |            | abuse, and    |     Familia-Family        |
|             |            | supportive    |     Institute Inc., DWI   |
|             |            | services to   |     Planning Council,     |
|             |            | help          |     NMHU Check Up To Go   |
|             |            | adolescents,  |     Program and the San   |
|             |            | adults and    |     Miguel County Health  |
|             |            | families      |     Council.              |
|             |            | rebuild       |                           |
|             |            | family and    | -   2 Ayudantes staff are |
|             |            | community in  |     members of the DWI    |
|             |            | San Miguel    |     council               |
|             |            | County        |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Collaboration with    |
|             |            |               |     MADD in training to   |
|             |            |               |     start MADD local      |
|             |            |               |     chapter               |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Successfully          |
|             |            |               |     conducted merchant    |
|             |            |               |     education and         |
|             |            |               |     training of 33 retail |
|             |            |               |     tobacco outlets       |
|             |            |               |     within the Las Vegas  |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | and San Miguel County     |
|             |            |               | environments.             |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Sponsored training of |
|             |            |               |     a Certified           |
|             |            |               |     Prevention Specialist |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **Carlsbad  | Carlsbad & | To build and  | -   National Night Out    |
| Community   | South Eddy | strengthen    |     (NNO): This local     |
| Ant         | County     | the capacity  |     observation of a      |
| i-Drug/Gang |            | of the        |     national event is a   |
| Coalition** |            | community to  |     project to develop an |
|             |            | create a      |     abiding interest in   |
|             |            | safe,         |     neighborhood safety   |
|             |            | healthy, and  |     and has fostered      |
|             |            | drug &        |     cooperation between   |
|             |            | gang/crime    |     the Coalition and     |
|             |            | free          |     Wise Eyes, the crime  |
|             |            | environment.  |     watch model used by   |
|             |            | Includes      |     local law             |
|             |            | serving as a  |     enforcement.          |
|             |            | catalyst to   |                           |
|             |            | mobilize      | -   The Coalition         |
|             |            | community     |     supports and serves   |
|             |            | efforts to    |     as fiscal agent for   |
|             |            | reduce        |     Peer Helpers, a       |
|             |            | substance     |     suicide prevention    |
|             |            | abuse and     |     program expanded to   |
|             |            | gang activity |     middle schools in     |
|             |            | among youth,  |     Summer 2006; more     |
|             |            | and adults    |     than 70 Peer Helpers  |
|             |            | over time, in |     have been trained.    |
|             |            | Eddy County.  |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Decrease in Reported  |
|             |            |               |     Youth Meth Use:       |
|             |            |               |     According to the      |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               |    Coalition-administered |
|             |            |               |     *Communities That     |
|             |            |               |     Care Student Survey*. |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Increased knowledge   |
|             |            |               |     of patterns of        |
|             |            |               |     purchase via two      |
|             |            |               |     retailer interviews   |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Ongoing interest and  |
|             |            |               |     active involvement of |
|             |            |               |     local juvenile        |
|             |            |               |     authorities           |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **Golden    | Harding    | Golden Spread | -   Developed a close     |
| Spread      | and Union  | Rural         |     working relationship  |
| Rural       | counties   | Frontier      |     with community,       |
| Frontier    |            | Coalition;    |     stakeholders, youth,  |
| Coalition** |            | GSRFC         |     and DOH.              |
|             |            | provides      |                           |
|             |            | planning,     | -   Continuing to build a |
|             |            | financing,    |     strong foundation for |
|             |            | and           |     the community in the  |
|             |            | a             |     prevention field and  |
|             |            | dministrative |     raising awareness of  |
|             |            | services that |     intervention needed   |
|             |            | incubate and  |     for youth.            |
|             |            | support       |                           |
|             |            | non-profit    | -   Strategies and steps  |
|             |            | business and  |     to develop a          |
|             |            | economic      |     coalition framework:  |
|             |            | growth        |     surveys, analysis,    |
|             |            | initiatives   |     implementation,       |
|             |            | in Harding    |     coalition meetings,   |
|             |            | and Union     |     involving             |
|             |            | counties.     |     stakeholders, and     |
|             |            |               |     capacity building.    |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Most significant      |
|             |            |               |     progress made on      |
|             |            |               |     reducing Easy Retail  |
|             |            |               |     Access                |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **Hands     | Greater    | Works in the  | -   A community needs     |
| Across      | Espanola   | Greater       |     assessment was        |
| Cultures,   | Valley,    | Espanola      |     developed using       |
| Corp**      | Rio Arriba | Valley, Rio   |     multiple sources      |
|             | County &   | Arriba County |                           |
| **Hands     | Northern   | & Northern    | -   Coalition efforts     |
| Across      | Santa Fe   | Santa Fe      |     have finally          |
| Cultures,   |            | County on     |     culminated in the     |
| Corp        |            | improving     |     passage of an excise  |
| continued** |            | health        |     tax increase for the  |
|             |            | initiatives.  |     County of Santa Fe.   |
|             |            | They work     |                           |
|             |            | with high     | -   The coalition         |
|             |            | risk youth &  |     succeeded at          |
|             |            | their         |     involving youth in    |
|             |            | families,     |     the coalition process |
|             |            | schools and   |     in a meaningful way.  |
|             |            | the community |                           |
|             |            | at large.     | -   Smoking Ban in        |
|             |            |               |     Espanola, effective   |
|             |            |               |     January 1, 2007, due  |
|             |            |               |     to environmental      |
|             |            |               |     strategies of the     |
|             |            |               |     coalition for the     |
|             |            |               |     past four years       |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Spanapalooza for      |
|             |            |               |     Youth Involvement,    |
|             |            |               |     highly successful     |
|             |            |               |     alcohol and drug free |
|             |            |               |     event.                |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Coalition formally    |
|             |            |               |     came together and     |
|             |            |               |     resisted a new        |
|             |            |               |     alcohol outlet in     |
|             |            |               |     Abiquiu.              |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Redistribution of     |
|             |            |               |     Alcohol Tax dollars   |
|             |            |               |     to a specific fund    |
|             |            |               |     for Prevention        |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   SYNAR activities:     |
|             |            |               |     This project year     |
|             |            |               |     HACC has had 100%     |
|             |            |               |     compliance in         |
|             |            |               |     non-sales as          |
|             |            |               |     evidenced through     |
|             |            |               |     sting operations.     |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **San Juan  | San Juan   | Local         | -   Community leaders     |
| County      | County,    | citizens      |     convened to address   |
| Pa          | Farmington | concerned     |     the methamphetamines  |
| rtnership** | &          | about several |     (meth) and gang       |
|             | No         | substance     |     issues in San Juan    |
|             | rthwestern | abuse related |     County during the     |
|             | New Mexico | issues        |     past year; SJCP lead  |
|             |            | created an    |     agency in creating a  |
|             |            | official      |     strategic plan.       |
|             |            | organization  |                           |
|             |            | (the          | -   The advancement of    |
|             |            | partnership)  |     positive social norms |
|             |            | to make a     |     theory has been a     |
|             |            | difference in |     major accomplishment  |
|             |            | the           |     during the past       |
|             |            | community.    |     program year through  |
|             |            | The SJCP acts |     connections with the  |
|             |            | as a resource |     San Juan Safe         |
|             |            | and support   |     Communities           |
|             |            | for the       |     Initiative(SJSCI),    |
|             |            | community.    |     the Community Health  |
|             |            | All ages and  |     Improvement Council,  |
|             |            | groups are    |     the DWI Planning      |
|             |            | served by the |     Council and the Local |
|             |            | Partnership   |     Collaborative.        |
|             |            | although the  |                           |
|             |            | emphasis is   | -   The Creating Cultural |
|             |            | on working    |     Harmony Conference    |
|             |            | with youth.   |     was well attended     |
|             |            |               |     this year, but, more  |
|             |            |               |     importantly, the tone |
|             |            |               |     of the conference was |
|             |            |               |     very positive and     |
|             |            |               |     indeed celebratory    |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   SJCP has established  |
|             |            |               |     a name and reputation |
|             |            |               |     in San Juan County as |
|             |            |               |     the leader in         |
|             |            |               |     prevention and in     |
|             |            |               |     managing community    |
|             |            |               |     programs. SJCP is not |
|             |            |               |     just a participant at |
|             |            |               |     community forums, but |
|             |            |               |     is seen as a leader   |
|             |            |               |     in helping to direct  |
|             |            |               |     the future of San     |
|             |            |               |     Juan County.          |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Completed numerous    |
|             |            |               |     GIS mapping           |
|             |            |               |     presentations         |
|             |            |               |     highlighting easy     |
|             |            |               |     retail access in the  |
|             |            |               |     eastern part of the   |
|             |            |               |     county.               |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   SYNAR program had     |
|             |            |               |     almost 100% merchant  |
|             |            |               |     compliance; 1 of 29   |
|             |            |               |     vendors was           |
|             |            |               |     non-compliant.        |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+

+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **Community | **         | **Program(s)  | ## **Outcomes**           |
| Based       | Location** | implemented   |                           |
| Program**   |            | and           |                           |
|             |            | Population    |                           |
|             |            | served**      |                           |
+=============+============+===============+===========================+
| #           |            |               |                           |
| 0-6 Youth a |            |               |                           |
| nd Families |            |               |                           |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| *           | Roswell    | The agency    | #######                   |
| *Counseling |            | implements    |                           |
| Associates  |            | **Parents As  | -   Results demonstrate   |
| Inc.**      |            | Teachers**    |     clear positive change |
|             |            | (PAT), an     |     in the areas          |
|             |            | early         |     addressed by the      |
|             |            | childhood     |     program objectives.   |
|             |            | parent        |                           |
|             |            | education and | -   Parent satisfaction   |
|             |            | family        |     is very high as       |
|             |            | support       |     evidenced by          |
|             |            | program       |     observation           |
|             |            | serving 90    |     (evaluator home       |
|             |            | families      |     visits), and          |
|             |            | throughout    |     eagerness of parents  |
|             |            | pregnancy     |     to become             |
|             |            | until their   |     participants.         |
|             |            | child enters  |                           |
|             |            | k             | -   A significant         |
|             |            | indergarten.  |     increase in Parenting |
|             |            |               |     Skills and a          |
|             |            |               |     significant decrease  |
|             |            |               |     in the Parent-Child   |
|             |            |               |     Dysfunction           |
|             |            |               |     Interaction has been  |
|             |            |               |     shown.                |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | ```{=html}                |
|             |            |               | <!-- -->                  |
|             |            |               | ```                       |
|             |            |               | -   Parents reported a    |
|             |            |               |     significant increase  |
|             |            |               |     on scheduling time    |
|             |            |               |     for the child to play |
|             |            |               |     and a significant     |
|             |            |               |     increase in           |
|             |            |               |     perception of         |
|             |            |               |     themselves as a good  |
|             |            |               |     parent.               |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **The       | Lincoln    | The agency    | -   Parent\'s perceptions |
| Counseling  | and Otero  | provides      |     of their children\'s  |
| Center**    | Counties   | **Families    |     behavior problems     |
|             |            | that          |     improved              |
|             |            | C             |     substantially and     |
|             |            | are\--Guiding |     statistically         |
|             |            | Good          |     significantly         |
|             |            | Choices** to  |                           |
|             |            | 23 Lincoln    | -   Parent\'s perceptions |
|             |            | County        |     of problems their     |
|             |            | families.     |     children may have     |
|             |            |               |     with school and       |
|             |            |               |     learning also         |
|             |            |               |     improved and was      |
|             |            |               |     statistically         |
|             |            |               |     significantly.        |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Pyschosomatic         |
|             |            |               |     problems,             |
|             |            |               |     impulsivity,          |
|             |            |               |     hyperactivity and     |
|             |            |               |     anxiety decreased in  |
|             |            |               |     parents' point of     |
|             |            |               |     view                  |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Increase in positive  |
|             |            |               |     family interaction,   |
|             |            |               |     positive parental     |
|             |            |               |     attitudes, and        |
|             |            |               |     positive parent-child |
|             |            |               |     interaction.          |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **Excel     | Al         | **Effective   | Positive findings found   |
| Educational | buquerque, | Black         | for the total sample in   |
| En          | South      | Parenting &** | the areas below:          |
| terprises** | Broadway   |               |                           |
|             | and        | **            | -   Protective factors    |
|             | Kirtland   | Strengthening |     increased in the Home |
|             | Addition   | Multi-Ethnic  |     Environment           |
|             | nei        | Families**    |                           |
|             | ghborhoods |               | -   Social Services       |
|             |            | were the      |     Utilization increased |
|             |            | principle     |                           |
|             |            | programs      | -   Parenting Skills      |
|             |            | implemented,  |     increased             |
|             |            | along with    |                           |
|             |            | After-School  | -   Family Interaction    |
|             |            | K-6 Grade     |     increased             |
|             |            | Alternative   |                           |
|             |            | Activities    | -   Parent Child          |
|             |            | and the       |     Dysfunctional         |
|             |            |               |     Interaction decreased |
|             |            | After-School  |                           |
|             |            | Learning      | -   No increase in ATOD.  |
|             |            | Center for 70 |                           |
|             |            | families.     |                           |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **La        | Rio Arriba | The           | -   The program showed a  |
| Clinica del | County     |               |     statistically         |
| Pueblo de   | including  | **Dare To Be  |     significant positive  |
| Rio         | the        | You** Program |     increase in family    |
| Arriba**    | Espanola   | was           |     interaction.          |
|             | Valley,    | implemented   |                           |
|             | Abiquiu    | with parents  | -   Parents reported a    |
|             | /Ojo       | of pre school |     significant increase  |
|             | Caliente,  | age youth, 89 |     in positive parental  |
|             | and the    | families      |     attitude, including   |
|             | Chama      | total.        |     control of their      |
|             | Valley     |               |     feelings and being    |
|             | area       |               |     good role models.     |
|             | including  |               |                           |
|             | Gallina,   |               | -   Parents learned       |
|             | Coyote,    |               |     positive discipline   |
|             | Tierra     |               |     methods and how to    |
|             | Amarilla,  |               |     shape their           |
|             | and Chama  |               |     children's behavior   |
|             |            |               |     in a pro-social       |
|             |            |               |     direction without     |
|             |            |               |     resorting to          |
|             |            |               |     punishment and        |
|             |            |               |     spanking.             |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **Sandoval  | Sandoval   | The           | -   There were            |
| County      | County     |               |     statistically         |
| Substance   | (Cuba,     | ###### D      |     significant increases |
| Abuse       | Five       | are to Be You |     in scores for Home    |
| Prevention  | Sandoval   |               |     Environment,          |
| Program**   | Indian     | Curriculum    |     Parenting, and Family |
|             | Pueblo,    | was used with |     Interaction.          |
|             | B          | 94 families   |                           |
|             | ernalillo) | with children | -   There was an increase |
|             |            | ages 0-6 in   |     in score approaching  |
|             |            | Sandoval      |     significance for      |
|             |            | county,       |     Child Well Being and  |
|             |            | including the |     a reduction in score  |
|             |            | town of       |     approaching           |
|             |            | Bernalillo    |     significance for      |
|             |            | and the       |     Parent Child          |
|             |            | Pueblos of    |     Dysfunctional         |
|             |            | Cochiti & San |     Interaction.          |
|             |            | Felipe.       |                           |
|             |            |               | -   A positive finding    |
|             |            | Ten youth     |     was revealed in that  |
|             |            | mentors       |     there was decrease    |
|             |            | (14-19)       |     for Adult GPRA 30 Day |
|             |            | assist with   |     Use -- Number of      |
|             |            | the           |     Days.                 |
|             |            | i             |                           |
|             |            | mplementation | -   Six out of the eight  |
|             |            | of sessions.  |     risk and protective   |
|             |            |               |     factors revealing     |
|             |            |               |     positive findings in  |
|             |            |               |     the female group.     |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   The female group had  |
|             |            |               |     statistically         |
|             |            |               |     significant increase  |
|             |            |               |     in Parenting Skills   |
|             |            |               |     and Family            |
|             |            |               |     Interaction,          |
|             |            |               |     increases in scores   |
|             |            |               |     approaching           |
|             |            |               |     significance in Child |
|             |            |               |     Well Being and ATOD   |
|             |            |               |     Perception of Risk,   |
|             |            |               |     and a reduction in    |
|             |            |               |     score approaching     |
|             |            |               |     significance in       |
|             |            |               |     Parent Child          |
|             |            |               |     Dysfunctional         |
|             |            |               |     Interaction.          |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **Santa Fe  | Santa Fe   | The Meld      | -   There was             |
| Public      |            | curriculum    |     statistically         |
| Schools**   |            | **Para Nueva  |     significant           |
|             |            | Familia**     |     improvement in        |
| **Santa Fe  |            | with 31 teen  |     participants'         |
| Public      |            | mother, 6     |     parenting skills.     |
| Schools     |            | teen fathers  |                           |
| continued** |            | and 20        | -   Participants in the   |
|             |            | grandparents  |     Meld Pre-natal and    |
|             |            | through the   |     Parenting I classes   |
|             |            | Santa Fe      |     gained knowledge      |
|             |            | public        |     about child           |
|             |            | schools.      |     development and       |
|             |            |               |     parenting skills in   |
|             |            |               |     fourteen of the       |
|             |            |               |     twenty areas measures |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Parent child          |
|             |            |               |     communication         |
|             |            |               |     behaviors improved in |
|             |            |               |     nine out of twelve    |
|             |            |               |     areas                 |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Parent discipline     |
|             |            |               |     behaviors for parent  |
|             |            |               |     with babies over 6    |
|             |            |               |     months improved in    |
|             |            |               |     seven out of twelve   |
|             |            |               |     areas                 |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Parent physical care  |
|             |            |               |     behaviors improved in |
|             |            |               |     eight out of fourteen |
|             |            |               |     areas                 |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+
| **Southern  | Luna,      | The           | -   There were            |
| New Mexico  | Sierra,    | Strengthening |     statistically         |
| Human       | Doña Ana,  | Families      |     significant increases |
| D           | and        | Program was   |     in Risk and           |
| evelopment, | Socorro    | implemented   |     Protective Factor     |
| Inc.**      | Counties   | with 74       |     scores: Home          |
|             |            | families.     |     Environment, Social   |
|             |            |               |     Support, and          |
|             |            |               |     Parenting Skills.     |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Additionally, there   |
|             |            |               |     were increases        |
|             |            |               |     approaching           |
|             |            |               |     significance for      |
|             |            |               |     Social Services       |
|             |            |               |     Utilization, Family   |
|             |            |               |     Interaction and Child |
|             |            |               |     Well Being.           |
|             |            |               |                           |
|             |            |               | -   Additional positive   |
|             |            |               |     findings for the      |
|             |            |               |     female group include  |
|             |            |               |     statistically         |
|             |            |               |     significant increases |
|             |            |               |     in scores in Social   |
|             |            |               |     Support and Parenting |
|             |            |               |     Skills and increases  |
|             |            |               |     in scores approaching |
|             |            |               |     significance in       |
|             |            |               |     Social Services       |
|             |            |               |     Utilization, Family   |
|             |            |               |     Interaction, and ATOD |
|             |            |               |     Perception of Risk.   |
+-------------+------------+---------------+---------------------------+

Snowboard Outreach Society

![](media/image9.jpeg){width="6.497222222222222in"
height="4.252777777777778in"}

+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| *          | # |          | **Program(s)  | ## **Outcomes**             |
| *Community | # |          | Implemented   |                             |
| Based      |   |          | and           |                             |
| Program**  | * |          | Populations   |                             |
|            | * |          | served**      |                             |
|            | L |          |               |                             |
|            | o |          |               |                             |
|            | c |          |               |                             |
|            | a |          |               |                             |
|            | t |          |               |                             |
|            | i |          |               |                             |
|            | o |          |               |                             |
|            | n |          |               |                             |
|            | * |          |               |                             |
|            | * |          |               |                             |
+============+===+==========+===============+=============================+
| **Pre      |   |          |               |                             |
| Ki         |   |          |               |                             |
| ndergarten |   |          |               |                             |
| -- 6^th^   |   |          |               |                             |
| Grade**    |   |          |               |                             |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **Colfax   |   | Colfax   | The principle | Statistically significant   |
| County     |   | and      | programs      | findings were shown for the |
| Youth      |   | Union    | include       | categories below:           |
| E          |   | C        | community     |                             |
| mpowerment |   | ounties: | wide          | -   CRS Conduct Problem --  |
| Services** |   | De       | environmental |     Parent and Teacher      |
|            |   | Moines,  | planning and  |     Rating -- Individual    |
|            |   | Eagle    | i             |     Domain                  |
|            |   | Nest,    | mplementation |                             |
|            |   | and      | of **Dare To  | -   CRS Hyperactivity Index |
|            |   | Springer | Be You** and  |     -- Parent Rating,       |
|            |   |          | **Synar**.    |     Individual Domain       |
|            |   |          | 182 students  |                             |
|            |   |          | participated  | -   CRS Hyperactivity --    |
|            |   |          | in the Dare   |     Teacher Rating,         |
|            |   |          | to Be You     |     Individual Domain       |
|            |   |          | program       |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   CRS Inattentive Passive |
|            |   |          |               |     -- Teacher Rating,      |
|            |   |          |               |     Individual Domain       |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   School Performance Grad |
|            |   |          |               |     , School Domain         |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   School Protective       |
|            |   |          |               |     Factors, School Domain  |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **         |   | Roswell  | The           | -   Participants reported   |
| Counseling |   | area, &  |               |     significant positive    |
| Associates |   | Hagerman | **Botvin Life |     change on three scales: |
| Inc.**     |   |          | Skills**      |     Accurate Knowledge      |
|            |   |          |               |     about Use, Stress       |
| **         |   |          | was used,     |     Knowledge, and          |
| Counseling |   |          | including     |     Relaxation Skills.      |
| Associates |   |          | follow-up     |                             |
| Inc.       |   |          | booster       | -   Girls reported          |
| c          |   |          | sessions with |     significantly increased |
| ontinued** |   |          | 113 students. |     Decision-making Skills, |
|            |   |          |               |     Accurate Knowledge      |
|            |   |          | The           |     about Use, and          |
|            |   |          |               |     Relaxation Skills.      |
|            |   |          | ###### D      |                             |
|            |   |          | are To Be You | -   Boys reported a         |
|            |   |          |               |     significant increase on |
|            |   |          | Curriculum    |     the Friendship Skill    |
|            |   |          | was also used |     scale.                  |
|            |   |          | with 116      |                             |
|            |   |          | parents with  | *Dare To Be You*            |
|            |   |          | preschool age |                             |
|            |   |          | children.     | The following items showed  |
|            |   |          |               | positive findings:          |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Significantly increased |
|            |   |          |               |     Positive Family         |
|            |   |          |               |     Interaction Scale       |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Significantly increased |
|            |   |          |               |     Positive Parental       |
|            |   |          |               |     Attitudes Scale         |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Significantly reduced   |
|            |   |          |               |     scores on the           |
|            |   |          |               |     Parent-Child            |
|            |   |          |               |     Dysfunctional           |
|            |   |          |               |     Interaction Scale       |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   a significant increase  |
|            |   |          |               |     in making plans to      |
|            |   |          |               |     achieve personal goals  |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | **Women**                   |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   having increased their  |
|            |   |          |               |     understanding of their  |
|            |   |          |               |     child:                  |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               |     -   a decrease in       |
|            |   |          |               |         thinking that their |
|            |   |          |               |         child takes a lot   |
|            |   |          |               |         of time to get used |
|            |   |          |               |         to new things       |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               |     -   a decrease in       |
|            |   |          |               |         thinking that their |
|            |   |          |               |         child does not do   |
|            |   |          |               |         things to make them |
|            |   |          |               |         feel good           |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | **Men**                     |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   a significant increase  |
|            |   |          |               |     in Positive Parental    |
|            |   |          |               |     Attitudes               |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | **Spanish-Speakers**        |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   significant increase in |
|            |   |          |               |     ability to handle       |
|            |   |          |               |     child's destructive     |
|            |   |          |               |     behavior                |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   a significant increase  |
|            |   |          |               |     in appropriate          |
|            |   |          |               |     developmental           |
|            |   |          |               |     expectations            |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **County   |   | Cr       | The **Dare to | -   Each of the three       |
| of         |   | ownpoint | be You**      |     scales in the PreK      |
| McKinley,  |   | and      | program was   |     Parent Survey changed   |
| New        |   | sur      | implemented   |     in the desired          |
| Mexico**   |   | rounding | with 71       |     direction from pre to   |
|            |   | area     | families      |     post:                   |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | ```{=html}                  |
|            |   |          |               | <!-- -->                    |
|            |   |          |               | ```                         |
|            |   |          |               | -   Family Interaction      |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Parental Attitudes      |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Parent-Child            |
|            |   |          |               |     Dysfunction             |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | ```{=html}                  |
|            |   |          |               | <!-- -->                    |
|            |   |          |               | ```                         |
|            |   |          |               | -   Each was highly         |
|            |   |          |               |     statistically           |
|            |   |          |               |     significant for the     |
|            |   |          |               |     total sample            |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **Excel    |   | Albu     | The           | The following are           |
| E          |   | querque, |               | significant and meaningful  |
| ducational |   | South    | **Effective   | results of the program:     |
| Ent        |   | Broadway | Black         |                             |
| erprises** |   | and      | Parenting**   | -   Family Interaction      |
|            |   | Kirtland |               |     increased               |
|            |   | Addition | And           |                             |
|            |   | Areas    |               | -   Family attitudes        |
|            |   |          | **            |     increased toward the    |
|            |   |          | Strengthening |     positive                |
|            |   |          | Multi-Ethnic  |                             |
|            |   |          | Families**    | -   Parent child            |
|            |   |          | programs were |     dysfunction decreased   |
|            |   |          | used with 52  |                             |
|            |   |          | families      | -   Youth hyperactivity,    |
|            |   |          |               |     problem behavior and    |
|            |   |          |               |     inattentiveness all     |
|            |   |          |               |     decreased according to  |
|            |   |          |               |     teacher surveys         |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Both school performance |
|            |   |          |               |     and school attendance   |
|            |   |          |               |     slightly increased      |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Parent communication    |
|            |   |          |               |     dramatically increased. |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **         |   | San Juan | The **Second  | -   Slight decrease in      |
| Farmington |   | County   | Step**        |     anxiety rating by       |
| Municipal  |   | served   | program is    |     parents                 |
| Schools**  |   | by       | implemented   |                             |
|            |   | Fa       | as a          | -   Slight increase in      |
|            |   | rmington | universal     |     school protective       |
|            |   | School   | violence      |     factors                 |
|            |   | District | prevention    |                             |
|            |   |          | program. It's | -   Decreases in marijuana  |
|            |   |          | designed to   |     and illicit drugs.      |
|            |   |          | reduce        |                             |
|            |   |          | aggression    | -   No increase in 30 day   |
|            |   |          | and promote   |     tobacco or alcohol use. |
|            |   |          | social        |                             |
|            |   |          | competence in |                             |
|            |   |          | the 815       |                             |
|            |   |          | participating |                             |
|            |   |          | students and  |                             |
|            |   |          | 58 families.  |                             |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **La       |   | Rio      | The           | La Clinica has implemented  |
| Clinica    |   | Arriba   |               | the Dare to Be You Program  |
| del Pueblo |   | County   | **Dare To Be  | in four northern Rio Arriba |
| de Rio     |   | i        | You** Program | County for the past six     |
| Arriba**   |   | ncluding | was           | years with positive         |
|            |   | the      | implemented   | results, including increase |
|            |   | Espanola | primarily     | in:                         |
|            |   | Valley,  | with parents  |                             |
|            |   | Abiquiu  | of pre school | -   Family Interaction      |
|            |   | /Ojo     | age youth.    |                             |
|            |   | C        | However, we   | -   Parental Attitudes      |
|            |   | aliente, | also offer    |                             |
|            |   | and the  | the DTBY      | -   Parents were observed   |
|            |   | Chama    | program to    |     using methods and       |
|            |   | Valley   | parents of    |     skills acquired through |
|            |   | area     | children ages |     DTBY including positive |
|            |   | i        | 5-11 years    |     discipline techniques.  |
|            |   | ncluding | (133 served). |                             |
|            |   | Gallina, |               |                             |
|            |   | Coyote,  |               |                             |
|            |   | Tierra   |               |                             |
|            |   | A        |               |                             |
|            |   | marilla, |               |                             |
|            |   | and      |               |                             |
|            |   | Chama    |               |                             |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| *          |   | M        | The           | -   Conduct problems on the |
| *Mescalero |   | escalero |               |     teacher survey          |
| Apache     |   | Apache   | **Botvin Life |     decreased (for group    |
| Tribe**    |   | Rese     | Skills        |     and boys)               |
|            |   | rvation, | Training**    |                             |
|            |   | Ruidoso  | and the       | -   Hyperactivity teacher   |
|            |   | area     |               |     rating decreased (group |
|            |   |          | **Dare To Be  |     overall and boys)       |
|            |   |          | You** program |                             |
|            |   |          | were          | -   Hyperactivity index     |
|            |   |          | implemented   |     decreased (group        |
|            |   |          | with 228      |     overall and boys)       |
|            |   |          | 3^rd^ --6^th^ |                             |
|            |   |          | grades        | -   Parent communication,   |
|            |   |          | students.     |     attitude toward ATOD,   |
|            |   |          |               |     and perceived harm from |
|            |   |          |               |     ATOD increased in both  |
|            |   |          |               |     groups                  |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Both groups reported    |
|            |   |          |               |     slight decrease in ATOD |
|            |   |          |               |     use.                    |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Parents reported slight |
|            |   |          |               |     increase in family      |
|            |   |          |               |     interaction and         |
|            |   |          |               |     parental attitudes.     |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   100% compliance by      |
|            |   |          |               |     merchants in SYNAR pool |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **North    |   | Chama &  | The           | -   Parent communication    |
| Central    |   | Northern |               |     increased for the       |
| Community  |   | Rio      | **Botvin Life |     overall group           |
| Based      |   | Arriba   | Skills and    |                             |
| Services** |   | County   | the Across    | -   Tobacco use decreased   |
|            |   |          | Ages**        |     for the overall group   |
|            |   |          | mentoring     |                             |
|            |   |          | program were  | -   Perceived harm          |
|            |   |          | both used     |     increased for the       |
|            |   |          | with 187      |     overall group.          |
|            |   |          | 5^th^ & 6^th^ |                             |
|            |   |          | grade         | ```{=html}                  |
|            |   |          | students.     | <!-- -->                    |
|            |   |          |               | ```                         |
|            |   |          | The           | -   Parent communication    |
|            |   |          |               |     increased for boys and  |
|            |   |          | **Dare To Be  |     girls.                  |
|            |   |          | You**         |                             |
|            |   |          | curriculum    | -   Tobacco use decreased   |
|            |   |          | was used with |     for boys.               |
|            |   |          | 20 families   |                             |
|            |   |          | with pre      | -   Perceived harm          |
|            |   |          | school age    |     increased for boys and  |
|            |   |          | children.     |     girls.                  |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **Rio      |   | Rio      | **Dare to be  | **Total Sample**            |
| Rancho     |   | Rancho   | You** is      |                             |
| Public     |   |          | implemented   | -   significantly increased |
| Schools**  |   |          | in three      |     Positive Parental       |
|            |   |          | groups        |     Attitudes Scale         |
|            |   |          | consisting of |                             |
|            |   |          | 86 families   | -   significantly reduced   |
|            |   |          |               |     scores on the           |
|            |   |          |               |     Parent-Child            |
|            |   |          |               |     Dysfunctional           |
|            |   |          |               |     Interaction Scale       |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | ```{=html}                  |
|            |   |          |               | <!-- -->                    |
|            |   |          |               | ```                         |
|            |   |          |               | -   a significant increase  |
|            |   |          |               |     in the ability to       |
|            |   |          |               |     handle child's refusal  |
|            |   |          |               |     to do housework         |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   a significant decrease  |
|            |   |          |               |     in thinking that their  |
|            |   |          |               |     efforts are not         |
|            |   |          |               |     appreciated by their    |
|            |   |          |               |     child                   |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   increase in feeling     |
|            |   |          |               |     good about their        |
|            |   |          |               |     relationship with their |
|            |   |          |               |     child                   |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   a significant increase  |
|            |   |          |               |     in their perception of  |
|            |   |          |               |     themselves as good      |
|            |   |          |               |     parents                 |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | ```{=html}                  |
|            |   |          |               | <!-- -->                    |
|            |   |          |               | ```                         |
|            |   |          |               | -   Females shared an       |
|            |   |          |               |     increased ability to    |
|            |   |          |               |     make plans to achieve   |
|            |   |          |               |     personal goals, which   |
|            |   |          |               |     approached significance |
|            |   |          |               |     ()                      |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | ```{=html}                  |
|            |   |          |               | <!-- -->                    |
|            |   |          |               | ```                         |
|            |   |          |               | -   Men shared a            |
|            |   |          |               |     significant decrease in |
|            |   |          |               |     hitting or spanking     |
|            |   |          |               |     their children          |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **Rocky    |   | **Taos   | RMYC          | -   Students involved in    |
| Mountain   |   | County:  | implemented a |     this program did not    |
| Youth      |   | Questa,  | locally       |     engage in risky         |
| Corps**    |   | Penasco, | developed     |     behavior (no substance  |
|            |   | Taos**   | 'promising    |     use at all)             |
|            |   |          | program'      |                             |
|            |   |          | ---Protecting | -   Students had very low   |
|            |   |          | You,          |     scores on the negative  |
|            |   |          | Protecting    |     conduct, temperament,   |
|            |   |          | Me---to 104   |     and behavior measures,  |
|            |   |          | students in   |     and score high on       |
|            |   |          | the Taos      |     school performance,     |
|            |   |          | area. Corps   |     attendance, and family  |
|            |   |          | members       |     measures.               |
|            |   |          | mentor and    |                             |
|            |   |          | tutor youth   | -   Youth's perception of   |
|            |   |          | and design    |     the dangers of          |
|            |   |          | service       |     substance use was very  |
|            |   |          | learning      |     high.                   |
|            |   |          | projects.     |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   School performance      |
|            |   |          |               |     (grades) increased.     |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **Sandoval |   | Sandoval | The           | Sandoval County SAPP        |
| County     |   | County   |               | developed collaborative     |
| Substance  |   |          | ###### D      | relationships with the Town |
| Abuse      |   |          | are to Be You | of Bernalillo's Even Start  |
| Prevention |   |          |               | Program, public schools and |
| Program**  |   |          | Curriculum    | other agencies and          |
|            |   |          | was used with | organizations which helped  |
|            |   |          | 58 in         | gain support for program    |
|            |   |          | Sandoval      | implementation and have     |
|            |   |          | county,       | access to youth for the     |
|            |   |          | including the | DTBY Program.               |
|            |   |          | town of       |                             |
|            |   |          | Bernalillo    |                             |
|            |   |          | and the       |                             |
|            |   |          | Pueblos of    |                             |
|            |   |          | Cochiti & San |                             |
|            |   |          | Felipe.       |                             |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **San Juan |   | San Juan | The           | -   FAST-Flyers were mailed |
| County     |   | County   | Partnership   |     to all parents of       |
| Par        |   |          | implemented   |     students in the school. |
| tnership** |   |          | the           |     Presentations were made |
|            |   |          | **Families    |     to all students in the  |
|            |   |          | and Schools   |     school. An article was  |
|            |   |          | Together**    |     written in the local    |
|            |   |          | (FAST)        |     newspaper. School       |
|            |   |          | curriculum    |     counselor made personal |
|            |   |          | this program  |     phone calls to          |
|            |   |          | year. 224     |     potential families.     |
|            |   |          | students and  |                             |
|            |   |          | 19 families   | -   FAST-Increased          |
|            |   |          | received      |     recruitment efforts.    |
|            |   |          | services in   |     Families attending were |
|            |   |          | various       |     encouraged to bring in  |
|            |   |          | schools in    |     other families and      |
|            |   |          | San Juan      |     movie tickets were      |
|            |   |          | County and    |     offered.                |
|            |   |          | the Navajo    |                             |
|            |   |          | Nation.       |                             |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **Southern |   | Luna,    | The           | -   Three out of the six    |
| New Mexico |   | Sierra,  |               |     scales revealed         |
| Human      |   | Doña     | **            |     positive findings for   |
| Dev        |   | Ana, and | Strengthening |     total sample:           |
| elopment** |   | Socorro  | Families      |     Impulsive-Hyperactive   |
|            |   | Counties | Program** was |     (statistically          |
|            |   |          | used with 42  |     significant), Learning  |
|            |   |          | families.     |     Problem and             |
|            |   |          |               |     Hyperactivity Index.    |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   For the male sample,    |
|            |   |          |               |     there was a             |
|            |   |          |               |     statistically           |
|            |   |          |               |     significant reduction   |
|            |   |          |               |     in Anxiety and          |
|            |   |          |               |     reductions approaching  |
|            |   |          |               |     significance in Conduct |
|            |   |          |               |     Problem, Learning       |
|            |   |          |               |     Problem, Psychosomatic  |
|            |   |          |               |     problems,               |
|            |   |          |               |     Impulsive-Hyperactive   |
|            |   |          |               |     and Hyperactivity Index |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   On the attendance       |
|            |   |          |               |     scale, the female       |
|            |   |          |               |     sample revealed a       |
|            |   |          |               |     positive finding with   |
|            |   |          |               |     an increase approaching |
|            |   |          |               |     significance.           |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **Taos -   |   | Taos &   | The **PATHS** | **Taos County**             |
| Colfax     |   | Colfax   | Program       |                             |
| Community  |   | Counties | served 300    | -   There was a reduction   |
| Services** |   |          | students in   |     approaching             |
|            |   |          | Taos county.  |     significance in         |
| **T        |   |          | The           |     Impulsive-Hyperactive.  |
| aos-Colfax |   |          |               |                             |
| Community  |   |          | **Dare To Be  | -   A statistically         |
| Services   |   |          | You**         |     significant increase    |
| c          |   |          | curriculum    |     was revealed in School  |
| ontinued** |   |          | was used with |     Grades.                 |
|            |   |          | 50 Headstart  |                             |
|            |   |          | families and  | -   The male sample         |
|            |   |          | 150 youth in  |     revealed a positive     |
|            |   |          | middle school |     trend with a reduction  |
|            |   |          | in Colfax     |     approaching             |
|            |   |          | county.       |     significance in         |
|            |   |          |               |     Impulsive-Hyperactive.  |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | **Colfax County**           |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Based on parent reports |
|            |   |          |               |     for the total sample,   |
|            |   |          |               |     all of the behavior     |
|            |   |          |               |     rating scales revealed  |
|            |   |          |               |     positive findings.      |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   For the total sample    |
|            |   |          |               |     there was a             |
|            |   |          |               |     statistically           |
|            |   |          |               |     significant increase in |
|            |   |          |               |     score for School        |
|            |   |          |               |     Protective Factors      |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   For the total sample,   |
|            |   |          |               |     there were              |
|            |   |          |               |     statistically           |
|            |   |          |               |     significant increases   |
|            |   |          |               |     in scores for Parent    |
|            |   |          |               |     Communication and       |
|            |   |          |               |     Family Cohesion &       |
|            |   |          |               |     Adaptability.           |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Positive findings for   |
|            |   |          |               |     Youth ATOD use include  |
|            |   |          |               |     a statistically         |
|            |   |          |               |     significant increase in |
|            |   |          |               |     Perceived Harm and a    |
|            |   |          |               |     reduction in score      |
|            |   |          |               |     approaching             |
|            |   |          |               |     significance in 30-Day  |
|            |   |          |               |     Marijuana Use.          |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **UNM -    |   | Acoma,   | The           | -   For all participants,   |
| ACL Teen   |   | Laguna,  |               |     there was a             |
| Centers**  |   | To'H     | **Botvin Life |     statistically           |
|            |   | ajillee, | Skills**      |     significant decrease in |
|            |   | Cubero   | curriculum    |     risk taking.            |
|            |   | and      | was           |                             |
|            |   | Seboyeta |               | -   For all participants,   |
|            |   | Com      | used with     |     there was a significant |
|            |   | munities |               |     increase in             |
|            |   |          | elementary    |     advertisement           |
|            |   |          | school        |     knowledge.              |
|            |   |          | students      |                             |
|            |   |          | attending the | -   For male participants,  |
|            |   |          | Sky City      |     there was a             |
|            |   |          | Community     |     statistically           |
|            |   |          | School in     |     significant decrease in |
|            |   |          | Acoma, Laguna |     stress levels.          |
|            |   |          | Elementary    |                             |
|            |   |          | School in     |                             |
|            |   |          | Laguna,       |                             |
|            |   |          | To'hajiilee   |                             |
|            |   |          | Community     |                             |
|            |   |          | School,       |                             |
|            |   |          | Cubero        |                             |
|            |   |          | Elementary in |                             |
|            |   |          | Cubero and    |                             |
|            |   |          | Seboyeta      |                             |
|            |   |          | Elementary    |                             |
|            |   |          | School        |                             |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| **Youth    |   | Valencia | The           | -   There was a decrease in |
| D          |   | County,  |               |     Parent-Child            |
| evelopment |   | Los      | ###### D      |     Dysfunctional           |
| Inc.**     |   | Lunas    | are To Be You |     Interaction.            |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          | Curriculum    | These are participant       |
|            |   |          | was used with | comments about how program  |
|            |   |          | forty (40)    | helped them:                |
|            |   |          | families      |                             |
|            |   |          | living in     | -   More patience.          |
|            |   |          | Valencia      |                             |
|            |   |          | County who    | -   Enjoying children more. |
|            |   |          | have          |                             |
|            |   |          | pre-school    | -   Not as much yelling.    |
|            |   |          | age children. |     Learned to work with    |
|            |   |          |               |     children.               |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   More calm.              |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | ```{=html}                  |
|            |   |          |               | <!-- -->                    |
|            |   |          |               | ```                         |
|            |   |          |               | -   Controlling temper.     |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Appreciate children     |
|            |   |          |               |     more.                   |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Gave me more insight.   |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Help me to understand   |
|            |   |          |               |     kids better.            |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | Comments about how program  |
|            |   |          |               | helped their children:      |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Children don't cry as   |
|            |   |          |               |     much.                   |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Child is happier. Going |
|            |   |          |               |     to school regularly.    |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   More responsive.        |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Child learning "time    |
|            |   |          |               |     out".                   |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Children are better     |
|            |   |          |               |     behaved.                |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Children listen more.   |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Children are more       |
|            |   |          |               |     helpful.                |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Better communication    |
|            |   |          |               |     with me.                |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | -   Less fighting among     |
|            |   |          |               |     each other.             |
|            |   |          |               |                             |
|            |   |          |               | > Recognizes choices.       |
+------------+---+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+

North Central Community Based Services Program

![](media/image10.jpeg){width="6.257638888888889in"
height="3.035416666666667in"}

+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Community   | ## **      | *           | ## **Outcomes**          |
| Based         | Location** | *Program(s) |                          |
| Program**     |            | Implemented |                          |
|               |            | and         |                          |
|               |            | Populations |                          |
|               |            | served**    |                          |
+===============+============+=============+==========================+
| **12-17 year  |            |             |                          |
| olds**        |            |             |                          |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Cornstalk   | Bernalillo | The         | -   Decreases in         |
| Institute**   | County     |             |     aggressive behaviors |
|               | including  | **Learning  |     and risk taking.     |
|               | Central    | to Lead**   |                          |
|               | A          | program was | -   Desired change in    |
|               | lbuquerque | implemented |     increased perception |
|               | and South  | with 125    |     of harm of ATOD.     |
|               | Valley     | youth from  |                          |
|               |            | six schools | -   Slight increase in   |
|               |            | in          |     intention to abstain |
|               |            | Al          |     from ATOD.           |
|               |            | buquerque's |                          |
|               |            | southwest   | -   Increase in parent   |
|               |            | nei         |     support.             |
|               |            | ghborhoods. |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Very low use of all  |
|               |            |             |     substances; with     |
|               |            |             |     minimal to no change |
|               |            |             |     in tobacco, alcohol, |
|               |            |             |     marijuana and        |
|               |            |             |     illicit drug use for |
|               |            |             |     all ages.            |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Decrease in past 30  |
|               |            |             |     day alcohol, tobacco |
|               |            |             |     and illicit drug use |
|               |            |             |     among 15-17 year     |
|               |            |             |     olds.                |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Counseling  | Roswell,   | The program | -   There is a           |
| Associates,   | Hagerman   | implemented |     significant          |
| Inc.**        | and Lake   | the         |     reduction in alcohol |
|               | Arthur     |             |     use at post-test.    |
|               |            | **Botvin    |                          |
|               | Dexter     | Life Skills | -   Girls who reported   |
|               |            | Training**  |     using more than one  |
|               |            | curriculum  |     substance in their   |
|               |            | with 370    |     lifetime (a possible |
|               |            | middle      |     definition of        |
|               |            | school      |     high-risk)           |
|               |            | students in |     significantly        |
|               |            | Chaves      |     reduced alcohol use. |
|               |            | County.     |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Boys reported        |
|               |            |             |     significant          |
|               |            |             |     increases on         |
|               |            |             |     Intolerance of Use   |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Boys reported        |
|               |            |             |     significant decrease |
|               |            |             |     in Adult Use.        |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Hispanic boys        |
|               |            |             |     reported a           |
|               |            |             |     significant increase |
|               |            |             |     in Perception of     |
|               |            |             |     Harm.                |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | Approaching Significance |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   All students         |
|               |            |             |     reported an increase |
|               |            |             |     in Perception of     |
|               |            |             |     Harm                 |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   All students         |
|               |            |             |     reported an increase |
|               |            |             |     in Intolerance of    |
|               |            |             |     Peer Use             |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **The         | Lincoln    | The agency  | **For the group          |
| Counseling    | and Otero  | provides    | overall**:               |
| Center**      | Counties   | Families    |                          |
|               |            | that        | Statistically            |
|               |            | Care\       | significant increase in  |
|               |            | --**Guiding | perceived harm in ATOD   |
|               |            | Good        | use, indicating that     |
|               |            | Choices**   | students were more aware |
|               |            | to 26       | of the dangers related   |
|               |            | Lincoln     | to drugs and alcohol.    |
|               |            | County      |                          |
|               |            | families.   | -   A positive change    |
|               |            |             |     indicating that they |
|               |            |             |     felt less tolerant   |
|               |            |             |     of ATOD use.         |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Positive increase in |
|               |            |             |     perception of parent |
|               |            |             |     support              |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Increase in parental |
|               |            |             |     intolerance of drug  |
|               |            |             |     use.                 |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Very low use of      |
|               |            |             |     tobacco.             |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Zero use of          |
|               |            |             |     marijuana            |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Excel       | Al         | **Effective | **Total Sample:**        |
| Educational   | buquerque, | Black       |                          |
| Enterprises** | South      | Parenting   | -   Symptom Behavior     |
|               | Broadway   | &**         |     Checklist improved   |
|               | and        |             |     significantly among  |
|               | Kirtland   | **St        |     12-14 year males.    |
|               | Addition   | rengthening |                          |
|               | nei        | M           | -   No significant       |
|               | ghborhoods | ulti-Ethnic |     increase in ATOD use |
|               |            | Families**  |     among both age       |
|               |            |             |     groups and both      |
|               |            | were the    |     genders show that    |
|               |            | principle   |     the program delivery |
|               |            | programs    |     is working to        |
|               |            | i           |     prevent substance    |
|               |            | mplemented, |     abuse and working    |
|               |            | along with  |     significantly to     |
|               |            | A           |     reduce negative      |
|               |            | fter-School |     behavioral symptoms. |
|               |            | K-6 Grade   |                          |
|               |            | Alternative |                          |
|               |            | Activities  |                          |
|               |            | and the     |                          |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            | A           |                          |
|               |            | fter-School |                          |
|               |            | Learning    |                          |
|               |            | Center for  |                          |
|               |            | 49          |                          |
|               |            | pa          |                          |
|               |            | rticipants. |                          |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **First       | A          | The         | -   No statistically     |
| Nations       | lbuquerque |             |     significant          |
| Community     |            | **Run to    |     increases in the use |
| Health        |            | the Sun**   |     of tobacco products  |
| Source**      |            | program was |     or alcohol.          |
|               |            | implemented |                          |
|               |            | drawing     | -   Approaching          |
|               |            | from the    |     significance in the  |
|               |            | Project     |     increased perception |
|               |            | Venture     |     of harm from drugs   |
|               |            | Model, with |     from pre to post.    |
|               |            | 100 middle  |                          |
|               |            | & high      | -   Positive changes on  |
|               |            | school      |     the Behavior         |
|               |            | students in |     Symptoms Checklist   |
|               |            | Al          |     scale (a measure of  |
|               |            | buquerque's |     emotional distress)  |
|               |            | South East  |     as well as on the    |
|               |            | Heights.    |     Aggressive Behavior  |
|               |            |             |     scale.               |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Parents report       |
|               |            |             |     feeling more         |
|               |            |             |     empowered and that   |
|               |            |             |     their children are   |
|               |            |             |     more outgoing as a   |
|               |            |             |     result of the        |
|               |            |             |     program.             |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Hands       | Espanola   | **Project   | -   Significant findings |
| Across        | Valley     | Success**   |     for the group, as a  |
| Cultures      | Area       |             |     whole, included      |
| Corp.**       |            | was         |     decreases in the     |
|               |            | implemented |     percentage of youth  |
|               |            | in the      |     reporting use of:    |
|               |            | Espanola    |     alcohol, cigars,     |
|               |            | and         |     speed, downers,      |
|               |            | Pojoaque    |     ecstasy, and         |
|               |            | Valley      |     inhalants.           |
|               |            | Schools,    |                          |
|               |            | and         | -   Male youth reported  |
|               |            | involved    |     a decrease in the    |
|               |            | 124         |     Behavioral Symptom   |
|               |            | students.   |     Checklist            |
|               |            |             |     representing a       |
|               |            |             |     positive trend       |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Tobacco use remained |
|               |            |             |     level from pretest   |
|               |            |             |     to posttest          |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Unlike prior years,  |
|               |            |             |     the service          |
|               |            |             |     population reported  |
|               |            |             |     zero heroin, crack   |
|               |            |             |     or steroid use at    |
|               |            |             |     either pretest or    |
|               |            |             |     posttest             |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   The program served   |
|               |            |             |     twice as many        |
|               |            |             |     students as          |
|               |            |             |     contracted.          |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **National    | Gallup and | The         | ##                       |
| Indian Youth  | McKinley   |             | ##### *Three measures sh |
| Leadership    | counties   | **Project   | owed positive findings a |
| Project**     |            | Venture**   | nd were statistically si |
|               |            | program was | gnificant at post test:* |
|               |            | implemented |                          |
|               |            | with 81     | -   Perceived harm of    |
|               |            | 7^th^ grade |     substance use (small |
|               |            | students.   |     effect)              |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Adult substance use  |
|               |            |             |     (medium effect)      |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Availability of      |
|               |            |             |     drugs (large effect) |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | Five additional measures |
|               |            |             | moved in the desired     |
|               |            |             | direction:               |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Behavioral symptoms  |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Risk taking          |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Impact of substance  |
|               |            |             |     use on one's life    |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Peer use             |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Parental support     |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | Additionally             |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Use of all           |
|               |            |             |     substances was very  |
|               |            |             |     low                  |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Illicit drug use did |
|               |            |             |     decrease slightly    |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **North       | Northern   | **Across    | -   The group as a whole |
| Central       | Rio Arriba | Ages**      |     had a decrease in    |
| Community     | County     | **          |     disruptive           |
| Based         |            | Mentoring** |     behaviors.           |
| Services**    |            | replication |                          |
|               |            | for grades  | -   Increased attitude   |
|               |            | 5-8 in      |     toward ATOD use,     |
|               |            | three       |     perceived harm from  |
|               |            | districts   |     ATOD use in group    |
|               |            | and         |     overall.             |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            | **Too Good  | -   Decreased marijuana  |
|               |            | for Drugs** |     and illicit drug use |
|               |            |             |     for group overall.   |
|               |            | were        |                          |
|               |            | implemented | -   Family bonding       |
|               |            | for 296     |     increased for boys.  |
|               |            | students    |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Statistically        |
|               |            | **M         |     significant increase |
|               |            | AARI---Drug |     in perceived harm    |
|               |            | Free        |     from ATOD for boys.  |
|               |            | Co          |                          |
|               |            | mmunities** | -   Girls reported no    |
|               |            | was         |     marijuana or tobacco |
|               |            | implemented |     use; boys reported   |
|               |            | with        |     decreased illicit    |
|               |            | residents   |     drug use, marijuana  |
|               |            | of northern |     use at zero.         |
|               |            | Rio Arriba  |                          |
|               |            | County      | -   Girls reported that  |
|               |            |             |     their grades         |
|               |            |             |     increased slightly.  |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Both boys and girls  |
|               |            |             |     showed healthy       |
|               |            |             |     connection to their  |
|               |            |             |     parents.             |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Parents reported     |
|               |            |             |     decrease in          |
|               |            |             |     psychosomatic        |
|               |            |             |     problems             |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Pueblo of   | Pueblo of  | The         | **For the group as a     |
| Isleta        | Isleta     |             | whole:**                 |
| Project       |            | **Project   |                          |
| Venture**     |            | Venture**   | -   ATOD use for all     |
|               |            | curriculum  |     drug decreased       |
|               |            | was         |                          |
|               |            | implemented | -   Disruptive behaviors |
|               |            | with 40     |     decreased            |
|               |            | 5^th^-6^th^ |                          |
|               |            | grade       | -   School protective    |
|               |            | students in |     factor increased     |
|               |            | the Pueblo. |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Attitude toward ATOD |
|               |            |             |     use increased (e.g.  |
|               |            |             |     students, their      |
|               |            |             |     parents and          |
|               |            |             |     community felt it    |
|               |            |             |     wrong)               |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Perception of        |
|               |            |             |     availability of ATOD |
|               |            |             |     decreased            |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Perceived harm from  |
|               |            |             |     ATOD increased.      |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | **For girls:**           |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Grades increased     |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Family bonding       |
|               |            |             |     increased            |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Reported no use of   |
|               |            |             |     any substance        |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Quay County | Quay       | **Project   | -   There was a positive |
| Alcohol and   | County-    | Towards No  |     finding with a       |
| Substance     | Tucumcari, | Drug        |     statistically        |
| Abuse         | Logan, San | Abuse**     |     significant increase |
| Prevention    | Jon, Nari  | (Project    |     in Perceived Harm of |
| (ASAP)        | Visa, and  | TND) and    |     ATOD Use             |
| Coalition**   | House      | **Project   |                          |
|               |            | Northland** | ```{=html}               |
|               |            | are used in | <!-- -->                 |
|               |            | the San     | ```                      |
|               |            | Jon, Logan, | -   Substances for which |
|               |            | and         |     decreases in the     |
|               |            | Tucumcari   |     percentage of youth  |
|               |            | Schools,    |     reporting use from   |
|               |            | Quay County |     pretest to posttest  |
|               |            | with 137    |     were chewing         |
|               |            | students    |     tobacco, alcohol,    |
|               |            |             |     cigar,               |
|               |            |             |     hallucinogens, and   |
|               |            |             |     inhalants.           |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Positive findings    |
|               |            |             |     for the female       |
|               |            |             |     sample include a     |
|               |            |             |     statistically        |
|               |            |             |     significant increase |
|               |            |             |     in Perceived Harm of |
|               |            |             |     ATOD Use and a       |
|               |            |             |     decreasing trend on  |
|               |            |             |     the Behavioral       |
|               |            |             |     Symptom Checklist    |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Similar to the total |
|               |            |             |     sample, youth in the |
|               |            |             |     12-14 age group      |
|               |            |             |     revealed a positive  |
|               |            |             |     finding with an      |
|               |            |             |     increasing trend for |
|               |            |             |     Perceived Harm of    |
|               |            |             |     ATOD Use             |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Youth in the 15-7    |
|               |            |             |     year old sample      |
|               |            |             |     showed a             |
|               |            |             |     statistically        |
|               |            |             |     significant increase |
|               |            |             |     in Intention to      |
|               |            |             |     Abstain              |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Rocky       | Taos       | RMYC        | ####                     |
| Mountain      | County:    | implemented | ### Interviews with pare |
| Youth Corps** | Questa,    | a locally   | nts and teachers indicat |
|               | Penasco,   | developed   | ed positive results from |
|               | Taos       | 'promising  |  the mentoring program.  |
|               |            | program,'   |                          |
|               |            | the **Youth | #                        |
|               |            | Corps       | ###### Resiliency increa |
|               |            | Model**     | sed in group overall. An |
|               |            | with middle | d, the increase was sign |
|               |            | school      | ificantly greater in par |
|               |            | students.   | ticipants who were parti |
|               |            |             | cularly low at baseline. |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Sandoval    | Town of    | The         | **Dare to be You:        |
| County        | Bernalillo |             | Bernalillo Middle        |
| Substance     |            | #           | School**                 |
| Abuse         |            | ##### Dare  |                          |
| Prevention    |            | to Be You ( | -   Positive findings    |
| Program**     |            | 221 youth), |     were shown to be     |
|               |            |  Reconnecti |     statistically        |
|               |            | ng Youth (3 |     significant in:      |
|               |            | 5 youth) an |     decrease in          |
|               |            | d Too Good  |     Aggressive Behavior, |
|               |            | for Drugs a |     ATOD use scales,     |
|               |            | nd Violence |     decrease on the      |
|               |            |  (35 youth) |     Tobacco Use scale,   |
|               |            |             |     decrease in          |
|               |            | programs    |     aggressive           |
|               |            | were used   |     behaviors; decrease  |
|               |            | with 221    |     in illicit drug use  |
|               |            | students    |     for female sample.   |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            | in          | **Dare To Be You: Cuba   |
|               |            | Bernalillo  | Middle School**          |
|               |            | and         |                          |
|               |            | Cuba**.**   | -   Positive trends      |
|               |            |             |     indicated            |
|               |            |             |     statistically        |
|               |            |             |     significant findings |
|               |            |             |     in: decrease on the  |
|               |            |             |     Alcohol Use, Adult   |
|               |            |             |     ATOD Use and         |
|               |            |             |     Availability of ATOD |
|               |            |             |     in male samples.     |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | **Reconnecting Youth and |
|               |            |             | Too Good For Drugs**     |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Positive trend       |
|               |            |             |     showing an increase  |
|               |            |             |     in scores for Parent |
|               |            |             |     Support, Intention   |
|               |            |             |     to Abstain for       |
|               |            |             |     males; decrease in   |
|               |            |             |     Alcohol Use, Illicit |
|               |            |             |     drugs (Female),      |
|               |            |             |     marijuana use        |
|               |            |             |     (males) and an       |
|               |            |             |     increase in          |
|               |            |             |     perceived harm.      |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Santa Fe    | Santa Fe   | The         | -   Parent Intolerance   |
| Community     | County:    |             |     of Youth ATOD Use    |
| College**     | Pojoaque,  | *           |     scale increased.     |
|               | New Mexico | *Connecting |                          |
| **Santa Fe    | (Pojoaque  | to Courage  | -   Increase in scores   |
| Community     | Valley     | Program**   |     in Intolerance of    |
| College       | Middle     | was         |     ATOD and a reduction |
| continued**   | School)    | implemented |     in scores in Peer    |
|               |            | with 136    |     AOD Use.             |
|               |            | youth       |                          |
|               |            | between the | **[Cohort                |
|               |            | ages of     | 1:]{.underline}**        |
|               |            | eleven and  |                          |
|               |            | fourteen &  | -   Group showed zero    |
|               |            | 38          |     ATOD use at both     |
|               |            | families.   |     pretest and          |
|               |            |             |     posttest.            |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   22.8% of the         |
|               |            |             |     students             |
|               |            |             |     participating in     |
|               |            |             |     improved their grade |
|               |            |             |     point average (GPA)  |
|               |            |             |     or their GPA         |
|               |            |             |     remained the same.   |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | **[Cohort                |
|               |            |             | 3:]{.underline}**        |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   58.8% of the         |
|               |            |             |     students             |
|               |            |             |     participating        |
|               |            |             |     improved their grade |
|               |            |             |     point average (GPA)  |
|               |            |             |     or their GPA         |
|               |            |             |     remained the same.   |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Cohort 3 students    |
|               |            |             |     who received higher  |
|               |            |             |     dosage of service    |
|               |            |             |     had a slightly       |
|               |            |             |     higher effectiveness |
|               |            |             |     then Cohort 1.       |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   There was no use of  |
|               |            |             |     tobacco, marijuana,  |
|               |            |             |     or other illicit     |
|               |            |             |     drugs reported for   |
|               |            |             |     the past 30-day      |
|               |            |             |     period.              |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   The female sample    |
|               |            |             |     revealed an increase |
|               |            |             |     in Intolerance of    |
|               |            |             |     ATOD and a reduction |
|               |            |             |     in scores in Peer    |
|               |            |             |     AOD Use.             |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   The male sample      |
|               |            |             |     revealed an increase |
|               |            |             |     in Parent            |
|               |            |             |     Intolerance of Youth |
|               |            |             |     ATOD Use.            |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Santa Fe    | Espanola   | The         | -   The female sample    |
| Mountain      | Valley,    | **Project   |     revealed an increase |
| Center**      | Rio Arriba | Venture**   |     in scores            |
|               | county     | program is  |     approaching          |
|               |            | used with   |     significance in      |
|               |            | 60 students |     Perceived Harm of    |
|               |            | in the      |     ATOD Use and a       |
|               |            | Espanola    |     reduction in scores  |
|               |            | schools.    |     approaching          |
|               |            |             |     significance in      |
|               |            |             |     Impact of AOD Use.   |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   The male revealed a  |
|               |            |             |     positive finding for |
|               |            |             |     the male sample in   |
|               |            |             |     the Intention to     |
|               |            |             |     Abstain scale.       |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   There were no use of |
|               |            |             |     tobacco, alcohol,    |
|               |            |             |     marijuana, or other  |
|               |            |             |     illicit drugs        |
|               |            |             |     reported for the     |
|               |            |             |     past 30-day period;  |
|               |            |             |     low use of alcohol   |
|               |            |             |     was the only         |
|               |            |             |     substance youth      |
|               |            |             |     reported using in    |
|               |            |             |     their lifetime.      |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Santa Fe    | Santa Fe   | The         | There was statistically  |
| Public        |            |             | significant improvement  |
| Schools**     |            | **Botvin    | in:                      |
|               |            | Life        |                          |
|               |            | Skills**    | -   participants'        |
|               |            | program was |     knowledge about      |
|               |            | implemented |     marijuana and        |
|               |            | in Santa Fe |     tobacco              |
|               |            | Public      |                          |
|               |            | School with | -   in participants'     |
|               |            | all sixth   |     decision making      |
|               |            | grade       |     skills               |
|               |            | classes,    |                          |
|               |            | reaching    | -   in participants'     |
|               |            | over 1,000  |     ability to resist    |
|               |            | students    |     ATOD advertising     |
|               |            | each year   |                          |
|               |            | in 50       | -   in participants'     |
|               |            | classes.    |     stress management    |
|               |            |             |     skills.              |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   There was slight     |
|               |            |             |     improvement in       |
|               |            |             |     participants'        |
|               |            |             |     beliefs about the    |
|               |            |             |     harm caused by ATOD  |
|               |            |             |     use.                 |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Females perceived    |
|               |            |             |     that their parents   |
|               |            |             |     felt it was more     |
|               |            |             |     wrong to use ATOD on |
|               |            |             |     the post-test        |
|               |            |             |     compared to the      |
|               |            |             |     pre-test.            |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **San Juan    | San Juan   | Two         | -   Participants have    |
| County        | County     | programs    |     very low use rates.  |
| Partnership** | Schools    | were        |     76% of participants  |
|               | between    | implemented |     reported never using |
|               | Shiprock & | this year:  |     Tobacco, 82% never   |
|               | Aztec      | the         |     used alcohol and 97% |
|               |            | **Families  |     never used           |
|               |            | & Schools   |     inhalants.           |
|               |            | Together    |                          |
|               |            | (FAST)**    | -   Slight increases in  |
|               |            | program     |     perception of harm   |
|               |            | served 11   |     of ATOD, intolerance |
|               |            | families    |     of use and parent    |
|               |            | and the     |     support.             |
|               |            | **Botvin    |                          |
|               |            | Life        | -   Slight decrease in   |
|               |            | Skills**    |     past 30 day alcohol  |
|               |            | program 213 |     use                  |
|               |            | youth.      |                          |
|               |            |             | ```{=html}               |
|               |            |             | <!-- -->                 |
|               |            |             | ```                      |
|               |            |             | -   No increase in past  |
|               |            |             |     30 day use of        |
|               |            |             |     tobacco              |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Socorro     | Socorro    | The         | -   Reduction for the    |
| Mental        |            |             |     students who         |
| Health**      |            | **R         |     reported using two   |
|               |            | econnecting |     or more substances   |
|               |            | Youth**     |     in marijuana use     |
|               |            | program was |     approaching          |
|               |            | i           |     significance         |
|               |            | mplemented. |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Slight reduction in  |
|               |            |             |     risk taking          |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Slight increase in   |
|               |            |             |     parent support       |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Slight increase in   |
|               |            |             |     parent intolerance   |
|               |            |             |     of youth ATOD use    |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Southern    | Anthony    | The         | **Strengthening          |
| New Mexico    | and        | **R         | Families**               |
| Human         | c          | econnecting |                          |
| Development** | ommunities | Youth**     | -   There were increases |
|               | within 60  | program was |     in scores            |
| **Southern    | miles of   | implemented |     approaching          |
| New Mexico    | the Mexico | with 48     |     significance for:    |
| Human         | Border;    | Youth ages  |     School Performance,  |
| Development   | Four       | 12-17 and   |     School Protective    |
| continued**   | Counties:  | the         |     Factors , Family     |
|               | Luna,      | **St        |     Cohesion &           |
|               | Sierra,    | rengthening |     Adaptability,        |
|               | Doña Ana,  | Families    |     Perceived Harm,      |
|               | and        | Program**   |     School Protective    |
|               | Socorro    | was         |     Factors (female),    |
|               |            | implemented |     Family Cohesion &    |
|               |            | with 72     |     Adaptability         |
|               |            | families.   |     (female)             |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Reduction in score   |
|               |            |             |     approaching          |
|               |            |             |     significance for     |
|               |            |             |     30-Day Illicit Drug  |
|               |            |             |     and 30-Day           |
|               |            |             |     Marijuana, Conduct   |
|               |            |             |     Problem, Learning,   |
|               |            |             |     and Anxiety (male).  |
|               |            |             |     Use was reduced to   |
|               |            |             |     zero at posttest.    |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Female youth         |
|               |            |             |     revealed a similar   |
|               |            |             |     pattern in that they |
|               |            |             |     shared two of the    |
|               |            |             |     same type of         |
|               |            |             |     findings with        |
|               |            |             |     reductions in scores |
|               |            |             |     approaching          |
|               |            |             |     significance in      |
|               |            |             |     Conduct Problem and  |
|               |            |             |     Anxiety, 30-Day      |
|               |            |             |     Illicit Drug Use     |
|               |            |             |     (female), reduction  |
|               |            |             |     to zero 30-Day       |
|               |            |             |     Marijuana Use        |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | **Reconnecting Youth**   |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Two positive trends  |
|               |            |             |     were revealed with   |
|               |            |             |     reductions in scores |
|               |            |             |     for Tobacco Use and  |
|               |            |             |     Illicit Drug Use.    |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   There was no use of  |
|               |            |             |     chewing tobacco,     |
|               |            |             |     heroin, or methadone |
|               |            |             |     at either pretest or |
|               |            |             |     posttest             |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   On all other         |
|               |            |             |     substances, there    |
|               |            |             |     were decreases in    |
|               |            |             |     the percentage of    |
|               |            |             |     youth reporting use  |
|               |            |             |     from pretest to      |
|               |            |             |     posttest.            |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Both groups revealed |
|               |            |             |     positive trends with |
|               |            |             |     reductions in        |
|               |            |             |     Illicit Drug Use,    |
|               |            |             |     and reductions in    |
|               |            |             |     Adult ATOD Use,      |
|               |            |             |     Tobacco Use, and     |
|               |            |             |     Marijuana Use        |
|               |            |             |     (males) and alcohol  |
|               |            |             |     use (females).       |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   The Parent Support   |
|               |            |             |     scale as the males   |
|               |            |             |     revealed a positive  |
|               |            |             |     trend with an        |
|               |            |             |     increase in scores.  |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Talking     | East       | The         | The TTYL prevention      |
| Talons Youth  | Mountain,  |             | program is unlike any in |
| Leadership    | Tijeras,   | **Talking   | the country. It utilizes |
| Program**     | Edgewood & | Talons      | a collection of live,    |
|               | Moriarty   | Youth       | injured, wild animals as |
|               | areas      | L           | teaching and             |
|               |            | eadership** | inspirational tools and  |
|               |            | program was | emphasizes science. The  |
|               |            | implemented | animals, around which    |
|               |            | with 148    | the curriculum is built, |
|               |            | middle      | and, more specifically,  |
|               |            | school      | the attachment the       |
|               |            | students.   | students make with the   |
|               |            |             | animals, is one of the   |
|               |            |             | causal factors for       |
|               |            |             | social outcomes.         |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Impact of ATOD Use   |
|               |            |             |     was statistically    |
|               |            |             |     significant for the  |
|               |            |             |     entire group.        |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **Taos Colfax | Colfax     | The         | -   Positive findings in |
| Community     | County     |             |     total sample:        |
| Services**    |            | **Dare To   |     decreases in the     |
|               |            | Be You**    |     percentage of youth  |
|               |            | curriculum  |     reporting use of:    |
|               |            | was         |     chewing tobacco,     |
|               |            | implemented |     cigar, pipe,         |
|               |            | with 5      |     hallucinogens,       |
|               |            | classrooms  |     inhalants, and       |
|               |            | serving 103 |     "other drugs".       |
|               |            | youth       |                          |
|               |            |             | -   There was one        |
|               |            |             |     positive finding for |
|               |            |             |     the female sample in |
|               |            |             |     that there was a     |
|               |            |             |     statistically        |
|               |            |             |     significant          |
|               |            |             |     reduction in         |
|               |            |             |     Marijuana Use. The   |
|               |            |             |     male sample also     |
|               |            |             |     revealed a positive  |
|               |            |             |     finding in that      |
|               |            |             |     there was a          |
|               |            |             |     reduction            |
|               |            |             |     approaching          |
|               |            |             |     significance in      |
|               |            |             |     Illicit Drug Use.    |
|               |            |             |                          |
|               |            |             | -   Youth in the 12-14   |
|               |            |             |     age group revealed   |
|               |            |             |     two positive trends  |
|               |            |             |     with reductions in   |
|               |            |             |     scores approaching   |
|               |            |             |     significance in      |
|               |            |             |     Tobacco Use and      |
|               |            |             |     Marijuana.           |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+
| **UNM -- ACL  | Acoma,     | The         | **Youth**                |
| Teen          | To         |             |                          |
| Centers**     | 'Hajiilee, | **Keeping   | -   For males, a marked  |
|               | Laguna,    | Family      |     increase in the      |
|               | Cubero and | Tradition** |     intention to abstain |
|               | Seboyeta   | program was |     from drug use        |
|               |            | used in     |                          |
|               |            | conjunction | -   Increase in          |
|               |            | with the    |     parent/youth         |
|               |            | **DARE To   |     communication        |
|               |            | Be You**    |                          |
|               |            | curriculum  | -   Statistically        |
|               |            | with middle |     significant increase |
|               |            | school      |     in self concept      |
|               |            | students,   |                          |
|               |            | their       | -   Increase in youth    |
|               |            | parents and |     developmental        |
|               |            | community   |     efficacy             |
|               |            | members as  |                          |
|               |            | well as     | -   Marked increase in   |
|               |            | **the       |     self esteem          |
|               |            | Botvin Life |                          |
|               |            | Skills      | **Parent**               |
|               |            | Training**  |                          |
|               |            | program.    | -   Reduction in parent  |
|               |            | The         |     harsh disciplinary   |
|               |            | community   |     behaviors            |
|               |            | focused     |                          |
|               |            | en          | -   Increase in          |
|               |            | vironmental |     parenting self       |
|               |            | strategies  |     concept              |
|               |            | through     |                          |
|               |            | **SYNAR**   | -   Increase in          |
|               |            | were        |     parenting efficacy   |
|               |            | i           |                          |
|               |            | mplemented. | -   SYNAR- 100%          |
|               |            |             |     compliance from      |
|               |            |             |     merchant group       |
+---------------+------------+-------------+--------------------------+

Five Sandoval Indian Pueblo Program at Mesa Verde

![](media/image11.jpeg){width="6.0in" height="4.0in"}

**Reducing the Sale of Tobacco to Minors**

The New Mexico Synar Illegal Tobacco Sales Reduction Effort

**In FY 2007 the rate of illegal sales to minors was 10.3 percent.** The
following charts illustrate New Mexico's success in keeping the rate
below 20 percent for the past ten years.

  ----------------- -------------------------- --------------------------
  **Fiscal Year**   **Rate of Illegal Sales**  **Compliance Rate**

  FY 97             23%                        77%

  FY 98             13.5%                      86.5%

  FY 99             18.9%                      81.1%

  FY 00             11.8%                      88.2%

  FY 01             11.6%                      88.4%

  FY 02             9.8%                       90.2%

  FY03              14.8%                      85.2%

  FY04              6.5%                       93.5%

  FY05              7.7%                       92.3%

  FY 06             9.3%                       90.7%

  FY 07             10.3%                      89.7%
  ----------------- -------------------------- --------------------------

As illustrated, the rate of illegal sales has declined in the past ten
years and has remained well below 20 percent. This is credited to
consistent Synar merchant education along with statewide enforcement of
the law, and to dedicated efforts by community coalitions, national and
grassroots organizations addressing tobacco use and prevention, and to
the Tobacco Use Prevention And Control Bureau's (TUPAC's) concurrent
efforts towards tobacco use prevention and cessation.

![](media/image12.wmf)

Successful implementation of the Synar Amendment is important for three
reasons. First, it facilitates the reduction of both current and future
health problems among adolescents by reducing retail access to tobacco
products. Second, compliance with the law is consistent with the
public's support of measures to prevent the use of tobacco by young
people and, specifically, efforts to discourage tobacco sales to minors.
Third, Synar is an example of a highly effective environmental
prevention effort that addresses policy, enforcement, responsible retail
practices, and change in community norms resulting in the long-term
restricted access to a very potent gateway drug.

The Synar effort consists of four major initiatives. They are as
follows:

1\. The Office of Substance Abuse Prevention (OSAP) contracted with
community programs in FY 2007 and will continue to work with those
programs in FY 2008 to conduct tobacco merchant education. Contractors
are required to collaborate with law enforcement, local coalitions and
other tobacco control groups to enhance efforts at reducing youth access
to tobacco. OSAP provides training in all aspects of the Synar
initiative to law-enforcement agencies and to community based programs
and contractors.

2\. OSAP continues a partnership with the New Mexico Department of
Public Safety to train Special Investigations Division (SID) agents to
conduct consummated buy operations that result in citations to the
selling clerk. Extensive law-enforcement efforts assist in keeping the
rate of sales of tobacco to minors below the required 20 percent. (SID
also conducts merchant education in those areas of the state where no
prevention contractor is present.)

3.  A non-consummated buy compliance survey is conducted by community
    programs and SID with a random sample of approximately 25% of all
    New Mexico youth accessible tobacco outlets to verify the
    effectiveness of the merchant education and enforcement efforts.

4.  The non-consummated buy compliance survey is evaluated by an
    external evaluator to determine the Synar violation rate charted
    previously. The non-compliance rate is reported to the Federal
    Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
    consistent with the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block
    Grant requirements. This rate must be maintained at less than 20% or
    penalties to the Block Grant funding may ensue.

Due to the sustained excellence of the Synar effort, coupled with
numerous community and national organizations changing the norms of
youth use of tobacco products, New Mexico enjoys one of the lowest
sales-to-minors rates in the U.S.A. Responsible retailing is the result
of citizens and retailers acting responsibly, enforcement of State law,
and organized application of effective prevention policy on behalf of
the youth of New Mexico.

**Strategic Prevention Framework-State Incentive Grant (SPF-SIG)**

Due to revenue shortages in the prevention field, Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) began promoting a
community centered approach in substance abuse prevention in 2004, the
Strategic Planning Framework (SPF). This is a cyclical process includes
the following steps 1) Assessment 2) Capacity 3) Planning 4)
Implementation and 5) Evaluation. These steps are not necessarily done
in the above order, the process is catered to individual communities;
culturally competence and sustainability must also be incorporated into
this framework. The following visuals are associated with the SPF:

![](media/image13.png){width="2.25in" height="1.9236111111111112in"}

Other characteristics of the SPF are:

-   Public health approach

-   Data driven process

-   Produce results related to substance abuse prevention

-   Utilize programs and practices that are scientifically defensible

-   Community based approaches

-   Outcome based Logic Model

New Mexico was among the first states to be awarded a SPF-SIG; \$2.3
million a year for five years. The SEW (State Epidemiological Workgroup)
is a direct result of SPF-SIG. The role of the SEW is to determine
state-specific indicators of substance-related consequences and
determine patterns of consumption in NM. SEW gathered and analyzed data
and finally summarized and published a report in the spring of 2005.
Ultimately, the data that SEW gathered determined that an area of
concern for NM was related to underage and binge drinking of 15 to 24
year olds. In comparison to other prevention programs in NM, the SPF-SIG
works collectively with local and state providers as they focus on one
problem area for the entire state. Consequently, the following logic
model is recognized as the focus area in NM.

![](media/image1.wmf)

Excel Education Enterprises Program

![](media/image2.jpeg){width="5.990972222222222in"
height="4.493055555555555in"}