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AGRICULTURE - NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

WULA NAFAA

ANNUAL REPORT

OCTOBER 2005 -- SEPTEMBER 2006

USAID/Senegal Contract

No. 685-C-00-03-00008-00

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International Resources Group

1211 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 700

Washington, DC 20036

202-289-0100 Fax 202-289-7601

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height="0.20902777777777778in"}www.irgltd.com

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**Notice:**

The points of view expressed by the authors in this publication do not
necessarily reflect those of USAID or the government of the USA.

Table Of Contents

[Acronyms ii](#acronyms)

[1. Executive Summary 1](#executive-summary)

[2. Introduction 3](#introduction)

> [2.1. Program objectives and strategy
> 3](#program-objectives-and-strategy)

[3. Economic Benefits Component 7](#economic-benefits-component)

> [3.1. Targeted results and planned activities
> 7](#targeted-results-and-planned-activities)
>
> [3.1.1. General considerations 7](#general-considerations)
>
> [3.1.2. Results targeted 7](#results-targeted)
>
> [3.1.3. Activities planned for 2005-2006
> 8](#activities-planned-for-2005-2006)
>
> [3.2. Progress achieved 9](#progress-achieved)
>
> [3.3. Constraints, opportunities, and priorities for 2006-2007
> 30](#constraints-opportunities-and-priorities-for-2006-2007)
>
> [3.3.1. Constraints 30](#constraints)
>
> [3.3.2. Opportunities 30](#opportunities)
>
> [3.3.3. Priority actions 31](#priority-actions)

[4. Rights and Responsibilities Component
32](#rights-and-responsibilities-component)

> [4.1. Targeted results and planned activities
> 32](#targeted-results-and-planned-activities-1)
>
> [4.1.1. General Considerations 32](#general-considerations-1)
>
> [4.1.2. Targeted results 32](#targeted-results)
>
> [4.1.3. Activities planned for 2005-2006
> 33](#activities-planned-for-2005-2006-1)
>
> [4.2. Progress achieved 34](#progress-achieved-1)
>
> [4.3. Constraints, opportunities, and priorities for the next year
> 44](#constraints-opportunities-and-priorities-for-the-next-year)

[5. Policy Component 45](#policy-component)

> [5.1. Targeted results and planned activities
> 45](#targeted-results-and-planned-activities-2)
>
> [5.1.1. General considerations 45](#general-considerations-2)
>
> [5.1.2. Targeted results 45](#targeted-results-1)
>
> [5.1.3. Activities planned for 2005-2006
> 45](#activities-planned-for-2005-2006-2)
>
> [5.2. Progress achieved 47](#progress-achieved-2)
>
> [5.3. Constraints, opportunities, and priorities for the next year
> 54](#constraints-opportunities-and-priorities-for-the-next-year-1)

[6. CROSSCUTTING ACTIVITIES 56](#crosscutting-activities)

> [6.1. Coordination and management 56](#coordination-and-management)
>
> [6.2. Small grant funds 57](#small-grant-funds)
>
> [6.3. Training and communication 59](#training-and-communication)
>
> [6.3.1. Training 59](#training)
>
> [6.3.2. Communication 60](#communication)
>
> [6.4. Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting, and Analysis
> 61](#monitoring-evaluation-reporting-and-analysis)
>
> [6.4.1. Monitoring - Evaluation activities in the regions of Tamba,
> Kolda, and Ziguinchor
> 62](#monitoring---evaluation-activities-in-the-regions-of-tamba-kolda-and-ziguinchor)
>
> [6.4.2. Analysis and Reporting activities
> 62](#analysis-and-reporting-activities)

[Annex 1. Documents produced in the year
63](#annex-1.-documents-produced-in-the-year)

[Annex 2. Progress on local conventions
64](#annex-2.-progress-on-local-conventions)

[Annex 3. Training and Communication
65](#annex-3.-training-and-communication)

[Annex 4. Indicators Revised May 2006
68](#annex-4.-indicators-revised-may-2006)

#  Acronyms {#acronyms .unnumbered}

+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ACDI           | Agence Canadien pour le Développement International |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| AG/GRN         | Agriculture/Gestion des Ressources Naturelles       |
|                | /Natural Resource Mgmt                              |
| AG/NRM         |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| AG/RN          | Agriculture/Ressources Naturelles                   |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ANT/ NTA       | Agriculture Non Traditionnelle                      |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| BDS            | Business Development Services                       |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| BFC            | Baobab Fruit Company (www.baobabfruitco.com)        |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| BIC            | Bureau Inventaire et Cartographie                   |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| CAC            | Cellule d'Animation et de Concertation              |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| CdeC           | Cadre de Concertation                               |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| CIVD           | Comité Inter Villageois de Développement            |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| CL             | Convention Locale                                   |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| CLUSA          | Cooperative League of United States of America      |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| CMS            | Crédit Mutuel du Sénégal                            |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| CODESRIA       | Conseil pour le Développement de la Recherche en    |
|                | Sciences Sociales en Afrique                        |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| CR             | Communauté Rurale                                   |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| CVGD           | Comité Villageois de Gestion et de Développement    |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| DAPF           | Division Aménagement et Productions Forestières     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| DEFCCS         | Direction des Eaux et Forêts, Chasse et             |
|                | Conservation des sols                               |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| DGF            | Division de Gestion de la Faune                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| D&R            | Droits et Responsabilités                           |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| DFI            | Digital Freedom Initiative                          |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| FFN            | Fonds Forestier National                            |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| GCRN           | Gestion Communautaire des Ressources Naturelles     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| GIE            | Groupement d'Intérêt Economique                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| GLP            | Groupe local de Pilotage                            |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| GPB            | Groupement de producteurs de Baobab                 |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| GPF            | Groupement de Promotion Féminine                    |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| GPFonio        | Groupement de Producteurs de Fonio                  |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| GPL            | Groupement de Producteurs de Laalo                  |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| GRN            | Gestion des Ressources Naturelles                   |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| HACCP          | Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points             |
|                | (Analyse/Contrôle des points critiques)             |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| IREF           | Inspection Régionale des Eaux et Forêts             |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| IRG            | International Resources Group                       |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| MEPN           | Ministère de l'Environnement et de la Protection de |
|                | la Nature.                                          |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| OCB            | Organisation Communautaire de Base                  |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| OS             | Objectif Stratégique                                |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| PMP            | Plan de suivi des réalisations                      |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| PTA            | Plan de Travail Annuel                              |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| RE             | Retombées Economiques                               |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| RN             | Ressources naturelles                               |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| RTS            | Radio Télévision du Sénégal                         |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| SAGIC          | Support for Accelerated Growth and Increase         |
|                | Competitiveness for Trade                           |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| S-E            | Suivi-Evaluation                                    |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| SERA           | Suivi, Evaluation, Restitution et Analyse           |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| SFD            | Structure de Financement Décentralisée              |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| SIG            | Système d'Information Géographique                  |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| TDR            | Termes de Référence                                 |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| TR             | Table Ronde                                         |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| USAID          | United States Agency for International Development  |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| USFS           | United States Forest Service                        |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| WN             | Wula Nafaa (Programme AG/GRN)                       |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ZIC            | Zone d'Intérêt Cynégétique                          |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ZPC            | Zone de Production Contrôlée                        |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

# Executive Summary

This fourth annual report presents the activities carried out from
October 2005 to September 2006, activities oriented toward achieving
contract results of the Agriculture and Natural Resources Management
Program or Wula Nafaa (WN) in Senegal. Wula Nafaa is funded within the
framework of two Strategic Objective (SO) Agreements developed between
USAID and the Government of Senegal. SO1 -- Sustainable increases in
private sector income-generating activities in selected sectors; and SO2
-- Improved local delivery of services and sustainable use of resources
in targeted areas. The overall program objective is to contribute to
poverty reduction and sustainable local development by increasing the
incomes of rural producers and local communities through the empowerment
of local authorities and the promotion of integrated, decentralized,
participatory resource management.

This year has seen implementation of the vision of "the new team" at
Wula Nafaa, put in place mid-2005. Several overlapping activities were
consolidated; new worksites were opened, the most important of which are
community forests where management plans are being drawn up; and the
planning and carrying out of training programs for producer groups in
various market chains. Training has targeted partners as well as
personnel of WN. Functional literacy has been fulfilling its important
role in many aspects of the program.

During the year, Rights and Responsibilities component has integrated
the protection of natural resources with management of open lands and
participatory management of forests. Emphasis has been placed on making
management plans for community forests, regenerating the forest, and
increasing productivity. Implementation of the management plan for
Koulor in Tambacounda Region has begun; the management plan for Saré
Bidji in Kolda Region is about to be finalized.

The major events for the year include the establishment of a
village-based charcoal market chain originating in Koulor and Missirah
and the recruitment of a charcoal market facilitator based in Dakar.

The following market chains have seen increased revenues this year:
mbepp gum, baobab, madd, jujube, honey, thatch, palm oil, cashew nuts,
and charcoal.

Since 2003, WN has put a special emphasis on making its activities
sustainable so that they may continue after the program funding ends.
Thus it has continued to develop and improve networks and partnerships
of skilled and dynamic enterprises in selected markets for products
addressed.

The policy component has concentrated on forest taxation and revenues
this year. Thus WN has associated the Forestry Fiscal Working Group
established by the Forest Service with the support of ACDI. Four studies
have been sponsored to assist the Working Group to initiate changes in
revenue and taxation issues.

As for staff management, several facilitators left the program and
others have been hired to fill the vacant posts. In February, the
Washington based project manager visited and helped improve financial
management in WN, especially in the small grants department.

The general assembly this year provided a chance to evaluate our new
vision and to establish the basis for elements of the coming year's
workplan.

Finally, WN has strengthened partnerships with other development
projects via the signing of several protocols.

# Introduction

This fourth annual report will present activities from October 2005
through September 2006 for the Agriculture/Natural Resource Management
Program ("Wula Nafaa" or WN) in Senegal[^1]. In January 2003,
USAID/Senegal awarded a contract to International Resources Group (IRG)
for the provision of long and short-term technical assistance as well as
other services aimed at ensuring that the objectives and results of the
AG/NRM Program were achieved.

The program is financed by USAID/Senegal and functions under the
trusteeship of the Ministry of the Environment and Nature Protection
(MEPN) and USAID/Senegal.

This report contains summaries of progress and results achieved during
the fourth year of the program. The principal activities and
accomplishments will be presented in detail for each of the main program
components: Economic Benefits and Enterprise Development; Rights and
Responsibilities; Policy; and Crosscutting Activities found in the
chapter on Training, Small Grants, and
Monitoring-Evaluation-Reporting-Analysis.

The report also contains a résumé of specific supporting activities such
as the mobilization of field facilitators, communications, coordination
with other projects, and management.

Finally, some success stories will be presented in different chapters.

## Program objectives and strategy

WN is funded under two Strategic Objective (SO) Agreements between USAID
and the Government of Senegal:

SO1 -- Sustainable increases in private sector income-generating
activities in selected sectors, and

SO2 -- Improved local delivery of services and sustainable use of
resources in targeted areas.

The program was conceived to draw maximum benefit from potential
synergies from the two strategic objectives and improved NRM, notably
from interactions between "Nature, Wealth and Power" (NWP). In treating
together the needs and opportunities tightly bound to the management,
the economic benefits and the strengthening of local rights related to
natural resources, the program seeks to correct weak points inherent in
previous sector-based approaches to agricultural development and NRM. It
also seeks to achieve sustainable impacts in reducing poverty and in
economic development, based on improved NRM and improved local
governance[^2].

The "NWP approach" targets to support simultaneously activities that:

-   Lead to increasing productivity of the resources base and to
    biodiversity conservation (the improved management of Nature)

-   Bring significant economic growth, beneficial to local communities
    and to national accounts (increased Wealth as an incentive to sound
    resource management)

-   Contribute to making rural community members into citizens rather
    than project-dependent subjects, thus leading to a more democratic,
    more decentralized, and more vibrant society (strengthening of Power
    and of good governance so as to ensure transparent decision-making
    and fair and equitable distribution of benefits).

The program's overall objective is to contribute to poverty reduction
and to sustainable local development, by increasing the income of rural
producers and of local communities through the empowerment of local
authorities and the promotion of integrated, decentralized,
participatory resource management.[^3]

The program is composed of two major components concerned with:

1)  The development of small and medium-sized enterprises based on
    increasing and suitable production of non-traditional agricultural
    and natural resources, and on the creation of economic benefits for
    rural communities (Economic Benefits Component)

2)  The empowerment of local producer groups and rural communities, the
    clarification of their rights and responsibilities, and the
    strengthening of their role in decentralized natural resource
    management (Rights and Responsibilities Component)

Thus the program uses a private sector/enterprise development approach
as well as increased support for improved local governance and the
implementation of decentralization policies. This approach is developed
in tandem with support targeting to intensify and diversify rural
production systems and improve NRM by placing a special emphasis on
community-based management of forest and wildlife resources. The program
applies a market-based approach and provides support for the development
of business partnerships in order to increase the number and scale of
operations of small and medium sized enterprises based on AG/NRM
products. Results are monitored to determine increases in household
incomes and the distribution of economic benefits at the local level.

These economic incentives are reinforced by support for improved local
governance and the effective transfer of rights and responsibilities to
rural communities and to local producer groups thus permitting local
communities to gain greater control over land use and NR that are the
bedrock of their rural production systems. The program is also providing
information, training and support for other capacity-building
activities. The objective is to facilitate a progressive move away from
the easy access and relatively uncontrolled and non-sustainable
utilization of natural resources in rural areas, to a situation where
the resources are locally controlled, with planned and sustainable use
by means of a variety of planning tools, legal agreements, and other
procedures to ensure local rights and promote the adoption of improved
NRM practices. Examples of success stories will be presented throughout
this report.

WN is committed to the need to address policy reforms and support policy
implementation on the ground and in the field. The AG/NRM program is
organized to stimulate sustainable economic development at both the
local and regional levels, based on economic interest of rural
producers, local empowerment, improved organization and increased
capacity of rural enterprises, reduction of legal and regulatory
barriers and the establishment of other positive enabling conditions.
Such "enabling conditions" are being put in place to promote a series of
inter-related objectives in the areas of decentralized NRM,
diversification and sustainable intensification of rural production,
enterprise development and increased marketing of a wide variety of
AG/NR products coming from targeted regions.

The program is taking full advantage of lessons learned from over a
decade of assistance to the AG/NRM sectors. WN represents a new and
innovative approach to development assistance that is not
project-oriented or sector-based. The program is devoting a substantial
effort to monitoring and analysis of program impacts, results and
"success stories" through the Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting, and
Analysis (MERA) Component. In May 2006, the indicators for project
evaluation were revised; some targets were lowered and others were
broken down into several separate indicators. These are presented in
Annex 4.

The WN team works with a multitude of partners from both the public and
private sectors, aiming to promote synergy and close collaboration. WN
has recruited 30 community-based facilitators that promote enterprise
development and capacity building as well as empowerment of local
communities. Equally, WN is developing a number of lateral activities in
Training and Communication, even though they are not included as a
distinct component, given the priority being accorded to community
mobilization, capacity building, knowledge transfer and behavior change.

The program established a Small Grants Program in January 2004.
Following two consultancies with CLUSA, an approach to introducing the
credit program was given final approval by USAID. This will permit every
village producer group to access credit once a feasibility study is
completed for its proposal. Progress with respect to this activity,
together with other program support activities related to Coordination
and Management are discussed in the concluding sections of the Annual
Report.

NOTE terminology used by WN:

+-----------------+----------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Non-Traditional |                | Natural            |             |
| Agricultural    |                | Resource-based     |             |
| Products (NTA)  |                | Products           |             |
|                 |                |                    |             |
|                 |                | (NR)               |             |
+-----------------+----------------+--------------------+-------------+
| -               | -   fonio      | -   gum mbepp or   | -   jujube  |
|   honey/beeswax |                |     laalo          |             |
|                 | -   cashew     |                    | -   madd    |
| -   palm oil    |     nuts       | -   baobab/ bouye  |             |
|                 |                |                    | -           |
|                 |                | -   thatch/hay     |    charcoal |
+-----------------+----------------+--------------------+-------------+

# Economic Benefits Component

## Targeted results and planned activities

### General considerations

The main goal of the Economic Benefits component is to help generate
cumulative revenues for small enterprises and rural producer groups.
This is done by expanding production and improving marketing of
non-traditional natural-resource-based and agricultural products. The
success of the component will be measured by quantifying the increase in
profits of existing and new enterprises, as evidenced by their
production levels and their improvement in natural resource management
practices. During the life of the program, the Economic Benefits team
will strive to reduce constraints on opportunities for profit by
reinforcing the market chains for their products which include annual
crops, wood, charcoal, and various non-wood forest products in Eastern
Senegal and Casamance.

The objective of the component is to ensure that the producers and
targeted enterprise group members will be organized, will benefit from
training on demand and capacity-building, and will take on a larger role
in the management of agricultural and resource management which they use
and on which they depend for life and well-being. In the process, the
program will identify and support the most dynamic and enterprising of
the rural producer groups as well as private sector players in the
product marketing chains selected for WN zones. This will permit the
producer groups to evolve into long-lasting and well-managed community
enterprises.

### Results targeted

Activities for the Economic Benefits Component of WN are based on nine
Contractual Results, whose indicators correspond to the following:

1)  Number of new or existing NR-based enterprises that show increased,
    measurable revenues in areas targeted by the AG/NRM program (50% of
    group enterprises assisted),

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3)  Number of new or existing non-traditional agriculture (NTA) based
    enterprises that show increased, measurable revenues in areas
    targeted by the AG/NRM program (50% of group enterprises assisted),

4)  Number of enterprises based on NR or non-traditional agriculture
    that can show a measurable increase in revenues in WN zones, AND
    that have done at least one of the following: applied training in
    business plans and marketing strategies; adopted improved
    production, harvest, and value-adding techniques; or negotiated with
    external partners,

5)  Number of enterprise groups receiving initial training given by WN
    facilitators,

6)  Number of groups assisted by WN in various capacities,

7)  Number of market surveys and studies to identify potentially
    marketable AG/NRM products,

8)  Number of grading schemes and value-added processes developed to
    increase revenue and profitability of producers,

9)  Level of revenues per enterprise group assisted, and

10) Volume / number of products marketed by enterprise group assisted.

### Activities planned for 2005-2006

**Increase revenues for enterprises based on natural resource harvest**

-   Continue to help producer groups and market chain networks already
    established (gomme mbepp, baobab, madd) to improve their management,
    quality control, and long-term production;

-   Begin targeting new market chains in charcoal and cashew nuts by
    organizing producers and facilitating commercialization;

-   Continue to facilitate commercialization of secondary market
    products (jujube *(Ziziphus mauritiana)* and nététou *(Parkia
    biglobosa)*.

**Increase revenues of enterprises based on non-traditional
agriculture**

-   Continue work in the market chains of fonio, apiculture, palm oil,
    and cashew while stimulating production and signing contracts
    promoting good harvest practices;

**Increase revenues of "dynamic" enterprises**

-   Stimulate the development and capacity building of emerging
    enterprises by training in management and elaboration of
    commercialization strategies, value adding, and signing of
    contracts;

-   Strengthen producer networks in quality control and put in place
    facilities for value adding and produce grading;

-   Identify service providers (dynamic enterprises from Dakar or big
    towns) to link with producer groups in Kolda, Tambacounda, and
    Ziguinchor;

-   Build capacity in emerging marketing enterprises (website design,
    visits to marketing fairs);

-   Research of markets for appropriate packaging and labeling.

**Capacity building**

-   Techniques for drying mbepp gum and baobab fruit; value-adding to
    fonio, cashew, palm oil, wax, and processed cashews; techniques for
    cashew sorting;

-   Functional literacy;

-   Techniques for marketing and business management;

-   Initiation to micro-finance and credit management, especially at the
    level of market networks;

-   Stakeholder forum on beekeeping.

**Market studies**

-   Market studies on wax, thatch, "virgin" palm oil, and market chains
    of Bignogna.

**Signing of contracts**

-   New contracts are to be signed with Baobab Fruit Company,
    Setexpharm, fonio processors, and other buyers;

-   First contracts are to be signed with enterprises based on palm oil,
    beeswax, and cashew.

## Progress achieved

Result 1 : Increase in the number of new or existing NR-based
enterprises that show measurably higher revenues in areas targeted by
the AG/NRM program

This result will be presented in detail product by product, with a
summary table at the end.

**BAOBAB**

184 baobab producer enterprises in Ziguinchor, Tambacounda, and Kolda
increased their revenues from 6,203,550 FCFA to 14,276,190 FCFA, an
increase of 130%. This was made possible by :

1)  The push for commercial cooperatives and the improvement in their
    negotiating skills in Ziguinchor;

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11) An increase by 20% in prices for baobab;

12) The increase in volume of fruit sold out of Bignona where the
    potential is strong but commercialization has been weak;

13) The continued marketing relationship between baobab producers of
    Bala zone and Baobab Fruit Company (in spite of depressed
    international prices, the price offered by BFC remains about 40%
    higher than shelled baobab fruit sold on the local market);

14) Producers started sorting/ grading baobab fruit this year, enabling
    a price increase of 75%;

15) This improvement in the quality of baobab fruit powder has caused
    emerging enterprises to win the confidence of processors in Dakar
    and to receive larger orders.

**MBEPP GUM**

46 producer enterprises of mbepp gum (laalo) at Kolda and Tambacounda
increased their revenues from 2,336,800 F CFA to 4,710,365 F CFA, that
is by 102%. This was made possible by :

1)  Support to commercial cooperatives and the improvement in their
    negotiating skills in Kolda and Ziguinchor;

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16) The initiation of new producer enterprises of mbepp cum in Kolda
    region;

17) The processing and commercialization of gum into powder in Kolda;

18) The signature of new contracts between producers in Tambacounda and
    Setexpharm.

**Exchange visit to India**

> ![](media/image8.wmf){width="2.910416666666667in"
> height="1.6868055555555554in"}Two representatives from partners in
> commercialization and resource management of mbepp gum (Amath Diop of
> Setexpharm and Samba Ndiaye of ISRA) traveled to India, principal
> producer company of mbepp gum (Karaya),. There they met producer
> groups, exporting enterprises, and ONGs. The objective of the trip was
> to deepen the knowledge of Senegalese gum market chain actors in
> improved regeneration, harvest, postharvest treatment, grading,
> commercialization, and hygiene.
>
> Members of the visiting team presented their reports with
> recommendations that guided WN and Setexpharm in directing their first
> training on gum quality improvement, in September 2006. Samba Ndiaye
> is in the process of developing some tools adapted for use by local
> producers in techniques from India for better gum harvest

**JUJUBE**

8 producer enterprises of jujube fruit at Koussanar and Mako increased
their revenues from 1,303,135 FCFA to 2,386,200 FCFA or by 83%. This was
made possible by:

1)  The push for commercial cooperatives and the improvement in their
    negotiating skills in Mako and Koussanar;

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```
19) A 25% increase in prices.

**THATCH AND HAY**

38 grass enterprises at Saraya and Bandafassi increased their revenues
from 1,654,300 FCFA to 2,795,600 FCFA, or by 69%. This increase is due
to the increase in total volume sold, made possible by a reduction in
bush fires and an increase in productivity.

**MADD FRUIT**

380 madd enterprises in Kédougou, Kolda, and Ziguinchor increased their
revenues from 24,557,600 FCFA to 43,867,200 FCFA or by 79%. This was
made possible by:

1)  Support for commercial cooperatives and improvement in their
    negotiating skills in Ziguinchor;

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```
20) A price increase of 43%;

21) Contract facilitation with the Bana-Bana transporters from the
    collection point in Diégoune;

22) An increase in volume sold in Bignona, which has strong potential
    but weak markets.

**CHARCOAL**

Through technical training, 25 charcoal producing enterprises in
Tambacounda increased their revenues from "none" to 99,000 FCFA. These
enterprises were newly formed.

**Charcoal: a sure source of revenues during the dry season**

Charcoal is one of the most lucrative forest-based activities in the
Tambacounda region. The network of marketers who hire local Sourga
workers to fulfill their allotted quotas do not encourage the local
people to go into the charcoal business, because the revenues are so
low.

The 2005-2006 workyear saw the initiation of Wula Nafaa intervention in
the Community Forest of Koulor and the Zone de Production Contrôlée of
Missirah. This entailed the organization of 306 producers into 17
Producer Groups (GPC), two exchange visits between 34 potential
producers in Koulor/Missirah and experienced producers in Nétéboulou
(trained by PROGEDE), and the commencement of charcoal-making
operations.

WN organized a charcoal-making training session for 25 workers
representing 11 GPC in use of the Casamance Kiln. The participants
marketed 200 sacks of charcoal and earned 180,000 FCFA, of which 25% was
given to NRM Committees charged with overseeing the implementation of
the management plan.

![](media/image9.jpeg){width="2.3375in" height="1.68125in"}Producing and
marketing charcoal requires investment monies; the GPC don't have funds
nor access to credit. WN has facilitated pre-financing using the
Forestry Fund belonging to the 6 GPC of Missirah, in accordance with the
Forest Service. For Koulor, WN will facilitate accessing credit for the
11 GPC working there.

For these people, revenues from charcoal can greatly contribute to
poverty reduction. According to Moussa Diop from the village of
Ndiobene, "With Wula Nafaa we have learned two things: the
charcoal-making trade, and the money we can earn from it."

*Charcoal producer training*

**TOTAL REVENUE INCREASE FOR NR ENTERPRISES**

681emerging NR-based enterprises using mbepp gum, baobab fruit, thatch,
jujube, and charcoal wood have increased their revenues from more than
36.055 million FCFA to over 68 million FCFA, for a global increase of
over 32 million FCFA or 89%.

+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Indicator for Result | Number of new or existing       |      |      |
| 1:                   | NR-based enterprises that show  |      |      |
|                      | increased, measurable revenues  |      |      |
|                      | in areas targeted by the AG/NRM |      |      |
|                      | program                         |      |      |
+======================+=================================+======+======+
| Target for           | 500                             |      |      |
| 2005-2006:           |                                 |      |      |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Principal Activities | Progress achieved               | \#   | \#   |
|                      |                                 | tar  | ong  |
|                      |                                 | gets | oing |
|                      |                                 | rea  | tar  |
|                      |                                 | ched | gets |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Facilitate the       | -   22 contracts signed between | 681  |      |
| elaboration of       |     mbepp producer groups of    |      |      |
| contracts between    |     Koussanar and Bala and      |      |      |
| producers,           |     Setexpharm                  |      |      |
| processors and       |                                 |      |      |
| retailers            | -   20 contracts signed between |      |      |
|                      |     baobab producer groups of   |      |      |
|                      |     Bala and Baobab Fruit Co.   |      |      |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Development of       | -   198 producer groups         |      |      |
| producer networks to |     established in Kolda,       |      |      |
| increase bargaining  |     Ziguinchor, and Tamba in    |      |      |
| leverage             |     mbepp, baobab, jujube,      |      |      |
|                      |     nété, paille, madd, and     |      |      |
|                      |     charcoal                    |      |      |
|                      |                                 |      |      |
|                      | -   1 Federation of charcoal    |      |      |
|                      |     producers put in place in   |      |      |
|                      |     Missirah                    |      |      |
|                      |                                 |      |      |
|                      | -   82 enterprises trained in   |      |      |
|                      |     organizational dynamics     |      |      |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Training on          | -   12 producer groups trained  |      |      |
| va                   |     in charcoal production      |      |      |
| lue-added/processing |                                 |      |      |
| technologies.        | -   4 enterprises in Kolda      |      |      |
|                      |     trained in reparation of    |      |      |
|                      |     jujube into cakes           |      |      |
|                      |                                 |      |      |
|                      | -   15 enterprises in Kolda     |      |      |
|                      |     trained in processing gum   |      |      |
|                      |     mbepp into powder           |      |      |
|                      |                                 |      |      |
|                      | -   1 enterprise in Tamba       |      |      |
|                      |     trained in baobab grading   |      |      |
|                      |                                 |      |      |
|                      | -   20 enterprises in Kolda,    |      |      |
|                      |     Kedougou, and Tamba trained |      |      |
|                      |     in processing baobab to     |      |      |
|                      |     powder                      |      |      |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Training on          | -   19 enterprises NR at        |      |      |
| literacy/ numeracy   |     Kedougou and Kolda trained  |      |      |
| and business skill   |     in accounting, business     |      |      |
| development          |     management, or marketing    |      |      |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Facilitation of      | -   1 evaluation and planning   |      |      |
| communication among  |     meeting facilitated between |      |      |
| sub sector actors    |     BFC and the producers       |      |      |
| and stimulation of   |                                 |      |      |
| BDS provision        | -   Mbepp gum producers and     |      |      |
|                      |     partners participated at a  |      |      |
|                      |     workshop organized by FRAME |      |      |
|                      |                                 |      |      |
|                      | -   1 meeting on drawing up     |      |      |
|                      |     contracts between           |      |      |
|                      |     Setexpharm and producers    |      |      |
|                      |     facilitated                 |      |      |
|                      |                                 |      |      |
|                      | -   Elaborated a communication  |      |      |
|                      |     strategy on the mbepp       |      |      |
|                      |     market chain, with Manobi - |      |      |
|                      |     a SIM furnisher             |      |      |
|                      |                                 |      |      |
|                      | -   1 Study tour to Dakar       |      |      |
|                      |     undertaken for 7 baobab     |      |      |
|                      |     powder enterprises to firm  |      |      |
|                      |     up contacts for eventual    |      |      |
|                      |     contract signing and for a  |      |      |
|                      |     better understanding of the |      |      |
|                      |     transport costs             |      |      |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Market research and  | -   Study on the market for     |      |      |
| promotion of new sub |     ecotourism in WN zones      |      |      |
| sectors              |                                 |      |      |
|                      | -   Analysis of the supply for  |      |      |
|                      |     the thatch market in WN     |      |      |
|                      |     zones                       |      |      |
|                      |                                 |      |      |
|                      | -   Study of the market for     |      |      |
|                      |     touloukouna (*Carapa        |      |      |
|                      |     procera*)                   |      |      |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Promotion of better, | -   35 GPL from Kolda received  |      |      |
| more sustainable     |     training on improved        |      |      |
| production           |     techniques for gum harvest  |      |      |
| techniques           |                                 |      |      |
|                      | -   Study tour to India to      |      |      |
|                      |     learn better harvest and    |      |      |
|                      |     regeneration techniques for |      |      |
|                      |     mbepp *(Sterculia)*         |      |      |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Credit               | -   Updated collaborative       |      |      |
|                      |     protocols with banks (using |      |      |
|                      |     a consultant)               |      |      |
|                      |                                 |      |      |
|                      | -   Sought 2 signatures for     |      |      |
|                      |     credit protocols with 2 SFD |      |      |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Improvement in       | -   Trained 25 producers on the |      |      |
| value-adding         |     utilization of the          |      |      |
| techniques           |     Casamance kiln              |      |      |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Cumulative total:    |                                 | 681  |      |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+

Result 2: Increase in the number of emerging or existing non-traditional
agriculture (NTA) based enterprises that show measurably higher revenues
in areas targeted by the AG/NRM program

**HONEY**

57 honey and beeswax enterprises in Salémata and Kolda increased their
revenues from 333,650 FCFA to 2,353,200 FCFA, an increase of 605%. This
was made possible by:

1)  The continued functioning and support of marketing cooperatives;

```{=html}
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```
23) Capacity building in negotiation skills in Salémata and Kolda';

24) An increase of 25% in the price ;

25) The reactivation of certain producers who had abandoned the
    activity;

26) An increase in the volume sold.

**PALM OIL**

12 enterprises based on palm oil in Sédhiou increased their revenues
from 7,334,325 FCFA to 10,888,640 FCFA, an increase of 48%. This
increase was made possible by:

1)  The facilitation of producer group development;

```{=html}
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```
27) Capacity building in negotiation skills;

28) A price increase of 10% for the 2004-2005 season;[^4]

29) A reduction in certain production costs; and

30) A sizeable increase in the volume sold.

**CASHEW**

166 cashew enterprises in Sédhiou and Ziguinchor increased their
revenues from 20,938,750 FCFA to 40,353,540 FCFA, an increase of 93%.
This was made possible by:

1)  The facilitation of producer group development;

```{=html}
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```
31) Capacity building in negotiation skills;

32) The increase in volume sold in site of a global decrease in price
    (to cover this 43% reduction in price, the producers were informed
    of the necessity to emphasize the marketed volume, especially in
    Bignona and Kolda, where last year certain producers did not sell
    much);

33) A better nut grading process for local processing added an extra 10%
    to their value.

**FONIO**

68 fonio producer enterprises in Kédougou and Kolda increased their
revenues from 2,040,250 FCFA to 6,085,935 FCFA, or by 198%. This
increase was made possible by:

1)  Increase in the volume of fonio marketed;

```{=html}
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```
34) Increase in the production level of pre-cooked fonio to satisfy new
    outlets for the product;

35) A better added value in pre-cooked fonio which means a price
    increase of 35% to producers compared to the unprocessed fonio sold
    on the local market;

36) Increasing demand for a product previously rarely sold; and

37) The negotiation of contracts between producers and processors.

**TOTAL REVENUE INCREASES FOR NTA ENTERPRISES**

303 emerging NTA enterprises in honey/beeswax, fonio, cashew, and palm
oil increased their revenues from 30,646,975 FCFA to 59,681,320 FCFA,
that is a 95% increase overall.

**TOTAL NUMBER OF EMERGING ENTERPRISES USING NR OR NTA CURRENTLY IN THE
AG/NRM PROGRAM**

A total of 984 emerging enterprises working with WN have increased their
revenues from 66,702,360 FCFA to 127,815,874 FCFA or by 92% (nearly
doubled). This corresponds to WN reaching its set targets at a rate of
98%. This year the program put its focus on the cashew market chain; the
reduction in the global price contributes to missing the target by 2%.

![](media/image10.wmf){width="3.3173228346456693in"
height="1.4456692913385827in"}The chart shows the predominance of NR
enterprises compared to NTA. This is explained by the fact that only
fonio was the only NTA, and Tamba was the only region, targeted by WN at
the start of the program in 2003 - both limiting factors for NTA.

A fall in world cashew prices this year has reduced the potential that
market carried in newly-added Ziguinchor region. Agricultural products
contributed at least 30% of total producer revenues, and this proportion
is increasing.

![](media/image11.jpeg){width="0.6111111111111112in"
height="0.41458333333333336in"}

+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+
| Indicator for Result   | Number of emerging or       |      |      |
| 2:                     | existing NTA-based          |      |      |
|                        | enterprises that show       |      |      |
|                        | measurably higher revenues  |      |      |
|                        | in areas targeted by the    |      |      |
|                        | AG/NRM program              |      |      |
+========================+=============================+======+======+
| Target for 2005-2006:  | 500                         |      |      |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+
| Principal Activities   | Progress achieved           | \#   | \#   |
|                        |                             | tar  | ong  |
|                        |                             | gets | oing |
|                        |                             | rea  | tar  |
|                        |                             | ched | gets |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+
| Facilitate the         | -   22 contracts signed     | 303  |      |
| elaboration of         |     between fonio producer  |      |      |
| contracts between      |     groups and processors   |      |      |
| producers, processors  |     at Kedougou             |      |      |
| and retailers          |                             |      |      |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+
| Development of         | -   66 fonio, honey, wax,   |      |      |
| producer networks to   |     and cashew producer     |      |      |
| increase bargaining    |     groups established in   |      |      |
| leverage               |     Kolda, Zig, and         |      |      |
|                        |     Kedougou                |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   13 emerging enterprises |      |      |
|                        |     trained in              |      |      |
|                        |     organizational dynamics |      |      |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+
| Training on            | -   7 enterprises in Kolda  |      |      |
| value-added/processing |     and Kedougou received   |      |      |
| technologies.          |     training in processing  |      |      |
|                        |     for pre-cooked fonio    |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   8 enterprises in Kolda  |      |      |
|                        |     and Kedougou received   |      |      |
|                        |     training in beeswax     |      |      |
|                        |     production              |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   7 enterprises in        |      |      |
|                        |     Ziguinchor received     |      |      |
|                        |     training in grading     |      |      |
|                        |     cashew nuts             |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   4 enterprises in Kolda  |      |      |
|                        |     received training in    |      |      |
|                        |     processing cashew nuts  |      |      |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+
| Training on literacy/  | -   20 enterprises NTA at   |      |      |
| numeracy and business  |     Kédougou and Kolda      |      |      |
| skill development      |     received training in    |      |      |
|                        |     accounting, enterprise  |      |      |
|                        |     management, or          |      |      |
|                        |     marketing               |      |      |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+
| Facilitation of        | -   Study tour to Dakar     |      |      |
| communication among    |     undertaken by 7 fonio   |      |      |
| sub sector actors and  |     enterprises to sign     |      |      |
| stimulation of BDS     |     contracts, make         |      |      |
| provision              |     contacts, and learn     |      |      |
|                        |     about the costs of      |      |      |
|                        |     transport               |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   3 planning meetings     |      |      |
|                        |     facilitated between     |      |      |
|                        |     cashew producers and    |      |      |
|                        |     buyers in the Dept of   |      |      |
|                        |     Sédhiou                 |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   1 discussion forum      |      |      |
|                        |     facilitated between oil |      |      |
|                        |     palm producers and      |      |      |
|                        |     climbers to reduce      |      |      |
|                        |     production costs        |      |      |
|                        |     (Sédhiou)               |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   1 contact meeting       |      |      |
|                        |     facilitated between     |      |      |
|                        |     ACASEN and processing   |      |      |
|                        |     facilities in           |      |      |
|                        |     Ziguinchor              |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   1 planning meeting with |      |      |
|                        |     contract signing        |      |      |
|                        |     between producers and   |      |      |
|                        |     buyers of cashew in the |      |      |
|                        |     Dept of Sédhiou         |      |      |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+
| Market research and    | -   Facilitated relations   |      |      |
| promotion of new sub   |     between 11 cashew       |      |      |
| sectors                |     processing units in     |      |      |
|                        |     Ziguinchor and ACASEN   |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   1 market study on       |      |      |
|                        |     beeswax done            |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   1 Discussion forum on   |      |      |
|                        |     cashew facilitated in   |      |      |
|                        |     Ziguinchor              |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   1 draft report on the   |      |      |
|                        |     palm oil market         |      |      |
|                        |     completed               |      |      |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+
| Promotion of better,   | -   11 GPF from Kédougou    |      |      |
| more sustainable       |     went on an exchange     |      |      |
| production techniques  |     tour to lead producers  |      |      |
|                        |     to improve fonio yield  |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   7 GPFo from Kédougou    |      |      |
|                        |     received technical      |      |      |
|                        |     training on increasing  |      |      |
|                        |     fonio yield             |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   10 lead fonio producers |      |      |
|                        |     in Kédougou and Kolda   |      |      |
|                        |     established fonio       |      |      |
|                        |     demonstration plots     |      |      |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+
| Facilitating access to | -   Revitalized             |      |      |
| credit                 |     collaboration protocols |      |      |
|                        |     with banks (via a       |      |      |
|                        |     consultant)             |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   Pursued signatures on   |      |      |
|                        |     credit protocols with 2 |      |      |
|                        |     SFD                     |      |      |
|                        |                             |      |      |
|                        | -   GIE Koba Club granted   |      |      |
|                        |     credit to fonio         |      |      |
|                        |     producer ladies         |      |      |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+
| Improvement in         | -   6 fonio machines        |      |      |
| value-adding           |     installed and training  |      |      |
| techniques             |     held                    |      |      |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+
| Cumulative total:      |                             | 303  |      |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+------+------+

Result 3: Number of new or existing (emerging) enterprises based on NR
or NTA products that demonstrate measurably higher revenues in WN
intervention zones, AND that have applied training to do any of the
following: develop business plans and marketing strategies; implement
improved production, harvest, or value adding techniques; negotiate with
external partners.

**BAOBAB**

13 baobab producer enterprises in Kédougou, Tamba, and Dakar raised
their revenues from 20,276,660 FCFA to 33,359,440 FCFA; that is an
increase of 65%. This was made possible by:

1)  A continuation of business relations between producers of Bala and
    Baobab Fruit Company, resulting in producers receiving a 40% higher
    price compared to locally-sold baobab fruit;

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```
38) Producers with new grading capabilities were able to achieve a 75%
    price increase;

39) Improvement in the quality of baobab powder allowed emerging local
    enterprises to win the confidence of processing companies in Dakar,
    translating into bigger orders, increasing the volume sold by 17%
    this year.

**MBEPP GUM**

25 gum producing enterprises in Koussanar and Maleme Niani increased
their revenues from 54,167,115 FCFA to 129,744,050 FCFA, or by 140%.
This was made possible by:

1)  The reinforcement of marketing cooperatives and negotiating skills
    in Koussanar;

```{=html}
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```
40) Formalizing relationships between gum producers in Koussanar and
    Bala and the national export enterprise Setexpharm, resulting in a
    price increase of 40% to new producers;

41) A domino effect in which local producers increased production levels
    because of the increase in gum prices; and

42) The fixing of a price related to the quality of graded gum/

**JUJUBE**

One jujube producer enterprise in Koussanar increased its revenues from
226,725 FCFA to 287,215 FCFA, or by 27%. This was made possible by:

1)  Processing jujube into cakes, which increased the price by 30%;

```{=html}
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```
43) An increase in demand for the jujube in cake form in certain zones.

**FONIO**

8 fonio producing/processing enterprises in Kedougou increased their
revenues from 3,482,425 FCFA to 6,314,445 FCFA, or by 81%. This was made
possible by:

1)  An increase in the volume of commercialized fonio;

```{=html}
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```
44) The growth of precooked fonio production levels to fulfill new
    markets;

45) A stronger value added premium for precooked fonio which resulted in
    an increase of about 35% over the price of unprocessed fonio on the
    local market;

46) The increased commercialization of a product that was formerly
    little sold;

47) The negotiation of contracts between producers and processors;

48) The quality of the fonio delivered to dynamic enterprises in Dakar
    is good enough to compete with Mali fonio.

This great demand which is now documented has encouraged an important
member of the federation of fonio processors to grant 12 loans of
\$1,000 each to producer groups at a 10% interest rate, so that they can
cover themselves the costs of what it would take to assure a regular
supply.

Finally, the AG/NRM program is also working with the producers to
increase yields. Fonio yields could potentially reach one ton per
hectare, but the average is currently 300-400 kg. WN is helping some
"pilot farmers" to set up demonstration plots to show other producers
how to increase yields by using simple cultivation techniques.

The production in Kédougou has increased by 73.5% since 2003.

**MIXED ENTERPRISES**

One madd and baobab processing enterprise in Dakar increased its
revenues from 6,838,995 FCFA to 8,719,940 FCFA, an increase of 28%. This
was made possible by:

1)  The training held on making a website to improve visibility;

```{=html}
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```
49) A subsidy for putting in place a HAACP system;

50) WN facilitation of providing regular supplies of baobab and madd.

**TOTAL DYNAMIC ENTERPRISE REVENUES**

48 dynamic mbepp, baobab, fonio, jujube, and mixed product enterprises
increased their revenues from 84,991,920 FCFA to 178,425,085 FCFA, or by
110%.

For 2005-2006, the WN program reached 96% of its target. The factors
that prevented reaching a full 100% were a late start on recruiting the
Dakar-based facilitator, and the length of the process of transitioning
from emerging to dynamic enterprises.

**Fonio overview**

Fonio is a locally grown cereal that is well adapted to Senegalese
cuisine. It is also considered to be healthy, low in natural sugars and
easy to digest. If fonio is pre-cooked by processors it is also very
easy to prepare at the consumer level. It has a small niche local
gourmet market, yet until recently this market was modest. This is
perhaps not surprising as the production of fonio in Senegal is small
(estimated at 1100 tons), and producers mostly grow it for subsistence
rather than sale. According to a study carried out by the AG/NRM
program, only 27.8% of all fonio cultivated is sold.

If production were encouraged without ensuring that demand was in place,
it is likely that farmers would not be able to sell all their produce;
prices would be unstable and the motivation to cultivate would not be
sustainable. If demand were stimulated without supply, then the
consumers and downstream processors will abandon the product, as
producers will not be able to meet the stimulated demand. Thus the
AG/NRM program has taken a value chain approach to this market question,
and is working at all levels to increase supply.

One of the principle constraints in the fonio supply chain is the fact
that it is very difficult to de-hull fonio which limits production
capacity. Carried out by hand, it takes approximately 1 hour to process
2 kg of fonio. The AG/NRM program has worked on reducing the processing
time by providing grants to 6 key producer groups to attain fonio
machines, in order to increase their de-hulling capacity and volumes. To
ensure that the grants were sustainable, the program also has worked to
train a local mechanic to provide repair services to fonio groups, as a
BDS provider.

This year the AG/NRM program has worked with regional processors to form
a marketing federation. This has allowed them to attain an economy of
scale necessary to supply Dakar buyers with a sufficient amount of fonio
to interest consumers and to guarantee a regularity of delivery. The
program facilitated a visit by the federation to Dakar to meet buyers
and elaborate informal contracts to supply at least 1.5 tons of
pre-cooked fonio per month in the upcoming year.

With1.5 tons per month as a goal, processors have held a series of
meeting with farmers to determine the volumes needed to meet the market
demand and to fix pricing. Contracts with 15 producer groups were drawn
up to supply the processing federation with at least 24 Tons of fonio
for this year.

The large demand has encouraged the fonio processing federation, through
one of its largest members, to provided 12 fonio producers groups with
\$ 1000 worth of credit, at 10% interest rate, in order to take care of
initial production cost and ensure a healthy supply.

![](media/image13.wmf){width="4.714583333333334in"
height="2.6881944444444446in"}Finally, the AG/NRM program is also
working with producers to increase their yields. Yields of fonio can
reach 1 Ton per hectare but the average is closer 300-400 kg per
hectare. The AG/NRM program is working with "lead farmers" through
demonstration plots to show other farmers how to increase yield, using
simple cultural techniques.

Production in Kedougou has increased by 73.5% since 2003

Now producers are assured of a buyer; the market is assured of a
continual supply of product; and hopefully Senegalese consumers can
start to learn more about the delights of fonio.

Idjatou Barry, a fonio producer in Dindefelo says that "three years ago
there was no market for our fonio. Now the fonio that I farm is like
money in a bank: I can sell it at any time to take care of my family
needs."

+---------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Indicator for       | Number of new or existing NR or |      |      |
| Result 3:           | NTA based enterprises in areas  |      |      |
|                     | targeted by the                 |      |      |
|                     |                                 |      |      |
|                     | AG/NRM program that show        |      |      |
|                     | increased, measurable revenues  |      |      |
|                     | AND have                        |      |      |
|                     |                                 |      |      |
|                     | applied training to develop     |      |      |
|                     | business plans and marketing    |      |      |
|                     | strategies, adopted             |      |      |
|                     |                                 |      |      |
|                     | improved production, harvesting |      |      |
|                     | and/or value-added processing   |      |      |
|                     | techniques,                     |      |      |
|                     |                                 |      |      |
|                     | and negotiated joint ventures   |      |      |
|                     | with external partners.         |      |      |
+=====================+=================================+======+======+
| Target for          | 45 enterprises                  |      |      |
| 2005-2006:          |                                 |      |      |
+---------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Principal           | Progress achieved               | \#   | \#   |
| Activities          |                                 | tar  | ong  |
|                     |                                 | gets | oing |
|                     |                                 | rea  | tar  |
|                     |                                 | ched | gets |
+---------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Capacity building   | -   Training in website for 3   | 48   |      |
| for dynamic         |     dynamic enterprises in      |      |      |
| enterprises based   |     Dakar                       |      |      |
| in Dakar            |                                 |      |      |
|                     | -   10 enterprises in           |      |      |
|                     |     transformation from         |      |      |
|                     |     emerging to dynamic         |      |      |
|                     |     diagnosed by the Dakar      |      |      |
|                     |     facilitator                 |      |      |
|                     |                                 |      |      |
|                     | -   Identified service          |      |      |
|                     |     contractors who can help    |      |      |
|                     |     the 10 dynamic Dakar        |      |      |
|                     |     enterprises realize their   |      |      |
|                     |     business plans              |      |      |
|                     |                                 |      |      |
|                     | -   Retreat held to discuss the |      |      |
|                     |     importance of business      |      |      |
|                     |     plans with the 10           |      |      |
|                     |     transforming enterprises in |      |      |
|                     |     Dakar                       |      |      |
|                     |                                 |      |      |
|                     | -   Identified wholesalers and  |      |      |
|                     |     processors for madd,        |      |      |
|                     |     nététou, charcoal, fonio,   |      |      |
|                     |     and baobab in Dakar         |      |      |
+---------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Network development | -   2 Baobab Federations put in |      |      |
| for producers that  |     place in Tambacounda and    |      |      |
| increases the       |     Dakar                       |      |      |
| efficiency of       |                                 |      |      |
| negotiations        | -   1 Federation of fonio       |      |      |
|                     |     processors pout in place at |      |      |
|                     |     Kédougou                    |      |      |
|                     |                                 |      |      |
|                     | -   Diagnosis of the producer   |      |      |
|                     |     networks in Tamba,          |      |      |
|                     |     Kédougou, and Ziguinchor    |      |      |
+---------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Literacy and        | -   58 producer and processing  |      |      |
| numeracy training   |     GIE networks received       |      |      |
| for enterprise      |     literacy training           |      |      |
| development         |                                 |      |      |
+---------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Facilitation of     | -   3 exchange visits           |      |      |
| product supply to   |     facilitated between baobab  |      |      |
| market              |     powder, precooked fonio,    |      |      |
|                     |     and madd producers and      |      |      |
|                     |     their respective buyers in  |      |      |
|                     |     Dakar with the goal of      |      |      |
|                     |     improving raw material      |      |      |
|                     |     supply                      |      |      |
+---------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Improvement in      | -   Subsidy to Maria            |      |      |
| value-adding        |     Distribution for putting in |      |      |
| techniques          |     place a HAACP system        |      |      |
|                     |                                 |      |      |
|                     | -   Credit allocated to 6       |      |      |
|                     |     cashew processing units in  |      |      |
|                     |     Ziguinchor                  |      |      |
|                     |                                 |      |      |
|                     | -   Subsidy for putting in a    |      |      |
|                     |     jujube processing unit in   |      |      |
|                     |     Koussanar                   |      |      |
+---------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Market research and | -   Study tour to India on      |      |      |
| promotion of new    |     grading and quality control |      |      |
| sub sectors         |     for mbepp gum               |      |      |
+---------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Reinforcement of    | -   3 NTA-based enterprises     |      |      |
| skills of producer  |     trained in dynamic          |      |      |
| enterprises that    |     organization                |      |      |
| are transitioning   |                                 |      |      |
| into dynamic        | -   13 NR-based enterprises     |      |      |
| enterprises         |     trained in dynamic          |      |      |
|                     |     organization                |      |      |
+---------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+
| Cumulative total:   |                                 | 48   |      |
+---------------------+---------------------------------+------+------+

![](media/image11.jpeg){width="0.6111111111111112in"
height="0.41458333333333336in"}![](media/image14.wmf){width="4.66875in"
height="2.6395833333333334in"}

When you sum the emerging and the dynamic enterprises together, a
cumulative total of 1,032 that market any combination of mbepp gum,
baobab, fonio, jujube, cashew, palm oil, honey, madd, or charcoal have
increased their revenues from 151,546,680 FCFA to 306,240,960 FCFA, by
102%.

Since the beginning of the program, revenues on the whole have increased
by 332,669,520 FCFA.

The following graphic depicts the progression of the 190% increase
compared to last year.

![](media/image15.wmf){width="5.374305555555556in"
height="3.451388888888889in"}

Increase in revenues by market product and by type of enterprise since
2003

**Measured Indirect Revenues**

As do all goal-oriented programs, AG/GRN defines its interventions in
terms of well-identified targets. In order to justify results, it is
usual to show cause and effect, particularly when using "indicators of
impacts" such as "revenues are increased". In order to guarantee true
objectivity, we can only measure increase in revenues of economic
operators with whom we work, and these revenues are documented on
verifiable survey forms.

At some point, it becomes clear that a program's results are not limited
to a target group with whom it works. Good ideas end up being adopted
elsewhere. An example of this is in the work of AG/GRN on madd fruit in
Kédougou in 2004. The program worked with well-chosen communities that
organized themselves into producer groups and learned to negotiate
better prices for madd. This innovation turned into a "drop of oil" very
quickly. By 2005, most rural communities in Kédougou were debating on a
minimum price to accept for madd. This highlights a very simple idea:
that the economic impact of such a program is not limited to the value
of the product, nor to a specific geographic area. The impact is rather
related to more extensive ideas: price increase, cost reduction,
organizational dynamics, and spreading new and appropriate value-adding
technology.

Measuring this type of impact \-- the "drop of oil" \-- is difficult to
do and to justify; how to quantify the true impact of AG/GRN on the
macro- or micro- economic level?

To evaluate its indirect impacts, AG/GRN uses official statistics on
production and documented information on prices and costs to calculate
regional revenues by subsector. The following graph depicts the regions'
increases in revenues in Tambacounda and Kolda from 2003 to 2005, with
3.3% inflation subtracted out (the "real" increase), for most of the
subsectors targeted by AG/GRN in its first two years. (Year 2006 has
been excluded because all data for this production year are not yet in.)

![](media/image16.wmf){width="3.948611111111111in" height="2.61875in"}
From these data, we see that producer revenues in subsectors targeted by
AG/GRN increased considerably since the start of the program (2003 in
Tamba, 2004 in Kolda). It is reasonable to assert that this increase has
been stimulated by the program.

Using these indirect indicators, it can be shown that the increase in
producer revenues in Tamba and Kolda regions from 2003 to 2005 for the
six target subsectors were 616,467,555 FCFA or \$U.S. 1,272,602.

The direct \[verifiable\] impact of the program during the first two
years was 178,122,839 FCFA in revenue increases. Thus, the
\[non-verifiable\] indirect impact in the first 2 years was about four
times larger than our own economic evaluations show.

Result 4: Increase in the number of enterprise groups benefiting from
initial training by WN facilitators

630 enterprises have been trained: 282 during producer group
organizational meetings; 111 in group organizational dynamics; 87 in
processing techniques, 97 in management and literacy; and 53 in
production and harvest techniques.

In total, **2,634 women** and **4,723 men** were trained. This year
AG/GRN went beyond its target.

+----------------------+--------------------------------+------+------+
| Indicator for Result | Number of enterprise groups    |      |      |
| 4:                   | benefiting from initial        |      |      |
|                      | training by the facilitators.  |      |      |
+----------------------+--------------------------------+------+------+
| Target for           | 400                            |      |      |
| 2005-2006:           |                                |      |      |
+----------------------+--------------------------------+------+------+
| Principal Activities | Progress achieved              | \#   | \#   |
|                      |                                | tar  | ong  |
|                      |                                | gets | oing |
|                      |                                | rea  | tar  |
|                      |                                | ched | gets |
+----------------------+--------------------------------+------+------+
| Development of       | -   198 mbepp, baobab, jujube, | 630  |      |
| producer networks to |     nété, thatch, madd, and    |      |      |
| increase bargaining  |     charcoal producer groups   |      |      |
| leverage             |     established in Kolda,      |      |      |
|                      |     Ziguinchor, and Tamba      |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   2 federations of baobab    |      |      |
|                      |     processors established in  |      |      |
|                      |     Salémata (4 enterprises)   |      |      |
|                      |     and Tamba (8 enterprises)  |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   1 federation of fonio      |      |      |
|                      |     producers put in place in  |      |      |
|                      |     Kédougou                   |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   1 federation/union of      |      |      |
|                      |     charcoal producers put in  |      |      |
|                      |     place in Missirah          |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   82 NR-based emerging       |      |      |
|                      |     enterprises trained in     |      |      |
|                      |     organizational dynamics    |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   13 NR-based dynamic        |      |      |
|                      |     enterprises trained in     |      |      |
|                      |     organizational dynamics    |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   66 fonio, honey/wax, and   |      |      |
|                      |     cashew producer groups     |      |      |
|                      |     established in Kolda,      |      |      |
|                      |     Ziguinchor, and Tamba      |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   13 emerging NTA-based      |      |      |
|                      |     enterprises trained in     |      |      |
|                      |     organizational dynamics    |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   3 dynamic NTA-based        |      |      |
|                      |     enterprises trained in     |      |      |
|                      |     organizational dynamics    |      |      |
+----------------------+--------------------------------+------+------+
| Training in          | -   12 charcoal producer       |      |      |
| value-added/         |     groups trained in          |      |      |
| processing           |     techniques of prod.        |      |      |
| technologies         |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   4 enterprises in Kolda     |      |      |
|                      |     received training in       |      |      |
|                      |     processing jujube into     |      |      |
|                      |     cakes                      |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   15 enterprises in Kolda    |      |      |
|                      |     received training on       |      |      |
|                      |     processing mbepp gum into  |      |      |
|                      |     powder                     |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   6 baobab enterprises       |      |      |
|                      |     received training in HACCP |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   1 enterprise in Tamba      |      |      |
|                      |     received training in       |      |      |
|                      |     grading baobab             |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   20 enterprises in Kolda,   |      |      |
|                      |     Ziguinchor, and Tamba      |      |      |
|                      |     received training in       |      |      |
|                      |     processing baobab into     |      |      |
|                      |     powder                     |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   7 enterprises in Kolda and |      |      |
|                      |     Kédougou received training |      |      |
|                      |     in processing for          |      |      |
|                      |     pre-cooked fonio           |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   8 enterprises in Kédougou  |      |      |
|                      |     and Kolda received         |      |      |
|                      |     training on production of  |      |      |
|                      |     beeswax                    |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   7 enterprises in           |      |      |
|                      |     Ziguinchor received a      |      |      |
|                      |     training on sorting cashew |      |      |
|                      |     nuts                       |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   4 enterprises in Kolda     |      |      |
|                      |     received training on       |      |      |
|                      |     processing cashew nuts     |      |      |
+----------------------+--------------------------------+------+------+
| Training in          | -   20 NTA-based enterprises   |      |      |
| literacy/ numeracy   |     in Kédougou and Kolda      |      |      |
| and business skill   |     received training in       |      |      |
| development          |     accounting, business       |      |      |
|                      |     management, or marketing   |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   19 NR-based enterprises at |      |      |
|                      |     Kédougou and Kolda         |      |      |
|                      |     received training in       |      |      |
|                      |     accounting, business       |      |      |
|                      |     management, or marketing   |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   3 dynamic enterprises in   |      |      |
|                      |     Dakar received training in |      |      |
|                      |     website design             |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   58 producer networks and   |      |      |
|                      |     processing GIE received    |      |      |
|                      |     literacy training          |      |      |
+----------------------+--------------------------------+------+------+
| Promotion of         | -   35 GPL in Kolda received   |      |      |
| improved/sustainable |     training in improved gum   |      |      |
| production           |     harvest techniques         |      |      |
| techniques           |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   11 GPFo in Kédougou went   |      |      |
|                      |     on a technical exchange    |      |      |
|                      |     tour with lead producers   |      |      |
|                      |     to improve fonio yield     |      |      |
|                      |                                |      |      |
|                      | -   7 GPFo from Kédougou       |      |      |
|                      |     received technical         |      |      |
|                      |     training on increasing     |      |      |
|                      |     fonio yield                |      |      |
+----------------------+--------------------------------+------+------+
| Cumulative total     |                                | 1    |      |
| (since start of      |                                | ,683 |      |
| program):            |                                |      |      |
+----------------------+--------------------------------+------+------+

![](media/image17.wmf){width="6.254166666666666in"
height="3.2055555555555557in"}

Enterprise groups benefiting from initial training by the facilitators
(Result 4 - Economic Benefits)

Result 5. Increase in the cumulative number of enterprise groups trained
by WN

![](media/image18.wmf){width="4.49251968503937in"
height="2.8811023622047243in"}3,327 enterprises were supported by AG/GRN
from 2003 to today, with a total of 2,031 family enterprises, 189
women's groups (GPF), 132 Economic Interest Groups (GIE), and 975
producer groups (GP).

In the quarter just ended, 826 new enterprises have been assisted. For
2005-2006, the program has exceeded its targets for Result 5.

+-------------------------------+--------------------+-------+--------+
| Indicator for Result 5:       | Cumulative number  |       |        |
|                               | of enterprise      |       |        |
|                               | groups assisted by |       |        |
|                               | WN                 |       |        |
+===============================+====================+=======+========+
| Target for 2005-2006 :        | 1800               |       |        |
+-------------------------------+--------------------+-------+--------+
| Principal Activities          | Progress achieved  | \#    | \#     |
|                               |                    | ta    | o      |
|                               |                    | rgets | ngoing |
|                               |                    | re    | t      |
|                               |                    | ached | argets |
+-------------------------------+--------------------+-------+--------+
| Businesses who:               | See discussion     | 826   |        |
|                               | above              |       |        |
| i\) Received Wula Nafaa (WN)  |                    |       |        |
| training                      |                    |       |        |
|                               |                    |       |        |
| ii\) Had contracts            |                    |       |        |
| facilitated by WN             |                    |       |        |
|                               |                    |       |        |
| iii\) Increased revenues      |                    |       |        |
| thanks to WN assistance       |                    |       |        |
+-------------------------------+--------------------+-------+--------+
| Cumulative total for the      |                    | 1250  |        |
| year:                         |                    |       |        |
+-------------------------------+--------------------+-------+--------+
| Cumulative total since        |                    | 3327  |        |
| beginning of program:         |                    |       |        |
+-------------------------------+--------------------+-------+--------+

![](media/image11.jpeg){width="0.7131944444444445in"
height="0.4840277777777778in"}

Cumulative number of enterprise groups assisted by AG/NRM Program

(Result 5 - Economic Benefits)

Result 6: Increase in the number of market surveys and studies to
identify potentially marketable AG/NRM products

WN achieved its goal for Result 6 this year. Market studies on beeswax,
*touloukouna* or *Carapa procera* oil, ecotourism, and thatch were
completed. A draft of the palm oil study is available.

Recommendations in the studies for *touloukouna* and for ecotourism
guided the program's decision to abandon these possible markets. On the
other hand, the thatch and wax studies indicated that there is a
potential market for these products, albeit modest, but still important
enough to justify an intervention by the program.

+-----------------------+---------------------------+--------+--------+
| Indicator for Result  | Number of market surveys  |        |        |
| 6:                    | and studies to identify   |        |        |
|                       | potentially marketable    |        |        |
|                       | AG/NRM products           |        |        |
+=======================+===========================+========+========+
| Target for 2005-2006  | 4                         |        |        |
| :                     |                           |        |        |
+-----------------------+---------------------------+--------+--------+
| Principal Activities  | Progress achieved         | \#     | \#     |
|                       |                           | t      | o      |
|                       |                           | argets | ngoing |
|                       |                           | r      | t      |
|                       |                           | eached | argets |
+-----------------------+---------------------------+--------+--------+
| Comparative financial | -   Market study on       | 4      | 1      |
| analyses and market   |     ecotourism            |        |        |
| studies for NR and    |                           |        |        |
| agricultural products | -   Analysis of the       |        |        |
|                       |     thatch/hay supply     |        |        |
|                       |                           |        |        |
|                       | -   Market study on       |        |        |
|                       |     beeswax               |        |        |
|                       |                           |        |        |
|                       | -   Market study on       |        |        |
|                       |     touloukouna oil       |        |        |
|                       |                           |        |        |
|                       | -   Draft study on palm   |        |        |
|                       |     oil                   |        |        |
+-----------------------+---------------------------+--------+--------+
| Cumulative total:     |                           | 4      | 1      |
+-----------------------+---------------------------+--------+--------+

![](media/image11.jpeg){width="0.6111111111111112in"
height="0.41458333333333336in"}

No. of market surveys and studies to identify marketable AG/NR products
(Result 6 - Economic Benefits)

Result 7: Increase in the number of grading schemes and value-added
processes developed to increase revenue and income per unit of
production to producers

Training in several value-adding activities has given access to higher
revenues to producer groups. Topics included grading cashew nuts,
processing the nuts in Ziguinchor, producing powder from mbepp gum in
Kolda, and charcoal-burning in Tambacounda. The targeted number of
processes was achieved this year.

+-------------------+----------------------+------------+------------+
| Indicator for     | Number of grading    |            |            |
| Result 7:         | schemes and          |            |            |
|                   | value-added          |            |            |
|                   | processes developed  |            |            |
|                   | to increase revenue  |            |            |
|                   | and income to        |            |            |
|                   | producers per unit   |            |            |
|                   | of production        |            |            |
+===================+======================+============+============+
| Target for        | 4                    |            |            |
| 2005-2006:        |                      |            |            |
+-------------------+----------------------+------------+------------+
| Principal         | Progress achieved    | \# targets | \# ongoing |
| Activities        |                      | reached    | targets    |
+-------------------+----------------------+------------+------------+
| Training in       | -   Charcoal         | 4          |            |
| added-val         |     production       |            |            |
| ue/transformation |                      |            |            |
| processes         | -   Sorting raw      |            |            |
|                   |     cashews          |            |            |
|                   |                      |            |            |
|                   | -   Mbepp gum powder |            |            |
|                   |                      |            |            |
|                   | -   Cashew nut       |            |            |
|                   |     processing for   |            |            |
|                   |     market           |            |            |
+-------------------+----------------------+------------+------------+
| Cumulative total  |                      | 4          |            |
| :                 |                      |            |            |
+-------------------+----------------------+------------+------------+

![](media/image11.jpeg){width="0.6527777777777778in"
height="0.44305555555555554in"}

Grading and value-adding processes developed to increase profit to
producers (Result 7 - Economic Benefits)

Result 8: Increase in the level of revenues earned by enterprise group
assisted

Revenues increased 102% over the previous year. It is difficult to
analyze all enterprises' revenue increases since the beginning of the
program in 2003 because the first year was partial, and continuing
enterprises can only increase their revenues up to certain point. The
charts below show the evolution of the total revenue generated by all
producer groups during preceding years.

![](media/image22.wmf){width="4.298611111111111in"
height="2.636111111111111in"}

Total revenues for groups working with WN since 2002-2003

This graphic does not give information on the number of enterprises
involved, nor on their individual revenue increases. As an alternative
view, the graphic below will show the evolution of the mean revenue per
enterprise since 2003.

![](media/image23.wmf){width="4.865277777777778in"
height="2.607638888888889in"}

Mean revenue per enterprise working with WN 2002-2006

+----------------+--------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Indicator for  | Level of revenues earned by    |         |         |
| Result 8 :     | assisted group enterprises     |         |         |
+================+================================+=========+=========+
| Target for     | Cumulative 225%                |         |         |
| 2005-2006:     |                                |         |         |
+----------------+--------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Principal      | Progress achieved              | \#      | \#      |
| Activities     |                                | targets | ongoing |
|                |                                | reached | targets |
+----------------+--------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Enterprises    | -   Cashew 92%                 | *       | []      |
| assisted so    |                                | *102%** | {.mark} |
| that their     | -   Fonio (emerging) 198%      |         |         |
| revenues       |                                |         |         |
| increase:      |     Fonio (dynamic) 81%        |         |         |
|                |                                |         |         |
|                | -   Palm oil 48%               |         |         |
|                |                                |         |         |
|                | -   Honey 1339%                |         |         |
|                |                                |         |         |
|                | -   Baobab (emerging) 130%     |         |         |
|                |                                |         |         |
|                | -   Jujube 83%                 |         |         |
|                |                                |         |         |
|                | -   Mbepp gum (emerging) 102%  |         |         |
|                |                                |         |         |
|                | -   Mbepp gum (dynamic) 140%   |         |         |
|                |                                |         |         |
|                | -   Madd 79%                   |         |         |
|                |                                |         |         |
|                | -   Thatch/hay 69%             |         |         |
|                |                                |         |         |
|                | -   Baobab (dynamic) 64%       |         |         |
|                |                                |         |         |
|                | -   Mixed 27%                  |         |         |
|                |                                |         |         |
|                | -   **Total 2005-2006 102%**   |         |         |
+----------------+--------------------------------+---------+---------+
| From previous  |                                | 184%    |         |
| year:          |                                |         |         |
+----------------+--------------------------------+---------+---------+
| Cumulative     |                                | 297%    |         |
| total :        |                                |         |         |
+----------------+--------------------------------+---------+---------+

Result 9: Increase in volumes of products marketed by enterprise group
assisted

Taken together, volumes of WN-assisted products increased this year.
Individual increases were achieved for most products, between 16.7%
(Baobab pulp) and 383.5% (cashew). Products that decreased in volume are
honey and palm oil (because of reduced output), and nété (because the
principal partner had financing difficulties).

+-------------+---------------------------------------+-------+--------+
| Indicator   | Increase in volume of products        |       |        |
| for Result  | marketed by enterprise group assisted |       |        |
| 9:          |                                       |       |        |
+=============+=======================================+=======+========+
| Targeted    | 40%                                   |       |        |
| 2005-2006 : |                                       |       |        |
+-------------+---------------------------------------+-------+--------+
| Principal   | Progress achieved                     | \#    | \#     |
| Activities  |                                       | ta    | o      |
|             |                                       | rgets | ngoing |
|             |                                       | re    | t      |
|             |                                       | ached | argets |
+-------------+---------------------------------------+-------+--------+
| See above   | -   Fonio shelled/raw 32 904 kg +     | Inc   |        |
|             |     90.6%                             | rease |        |
|             |                                       | in    |        |
|             | -   Fonio precooked 10 163 kg +       | total |        |
|             |     131.9%                            | v     |        |
|             |                                       | olume |        |
|             | -   Madd 878 460 kg + 17.2%           | com   |        |
|             |                                       | pared |        |
|             | -   Honey 2 626 Litre - 21.1%         | to    |        |
|             |                                       | last  |        |
|             | -   Baobab in shell 323 194 kg +      | year  |        |
|             |     54.9%                             | =     |        |
|             |                                       | 49.2% |        |
|             | -   Baobab powder 6 441 kg + 16.7%    |       |        |
|             |                                       |       |        |
|             | -   Jujube raw/sorted 30 747 kg +     |       |        |
|             |     38.8%                             |       |        |
|             |                                       |       |        |
|             | -   Jujube cake 508 kg + 263.4%       |       |        |
|             |                                       |       |        |
|             | -   Mbepp 286 689 kg + 103.2%         |       |        |
|             |                                       |       |        |
|             | -   Cashew 223 283 kg + 383.5%        |       |        |
|             |                                       |       |        |
|             | -   Wax 807 kg + 19.4%                |       |        |
|             |                                       |       |        |
|             | -   Palm oil 18 828 Litre - 26.1%     |       |        |
|             |                                       |       |        |
|             | -   Nete 288 kg - 94.4%               |       |        |
|             |                                       |       |        |
|             | -   Charcoal 10 000 kg N/A            |       |        |
|             |                                       |       |        |
|             | -   Thatch/hay 8 955 bundles N/A      |       |        |
+-------------+---------------------------------------+-------+--------+
| Cumulative  |                                       | 49.2% | []{    |
| total :     |                                       |       | .mark} |
+-------------+---------------------------------------+-------+--------+

Result 10 (Non-contractual result): Value of exports

**MBEPP GUM**

91,015 kilograms of mbepp gum from WN-associated producers were sold to
Setexpharm for export, and 195,674 kg were sold to bana-banas of which
2/3 were destined for export. Total export volume was 221,451kg. The
value of this gum FOB (Free On Board, including exporter's costs and
taxes) is \$885,857 (or 466,846,815 FCFA) on the basis of \$4 per
kg.[^5]

**BAOBAB**

80,398 kg of baobab in the husk from supported producers were sold. If
the pulp represented is 17% of this weight[^6], and if the price is 11.5
euros per kg[^7], the value of the baobab pulp FOB was \$199,616
(105,197,724 FCFA).

**TOTAL**

The total worth of the gum and baobab pulp exported is estimated at
\$1,085,474 (572,044,539 FCFA).

Result 11 (Non-contractual result): Number of new jobs provided

Although the AG/NRM program is not formally required to track the number
of new jobs it creates, it has calculated this statistic using criteria
similar to those used in other USAID-financed projects.[^8]

  ------------ -------- ------- ------ ------- -------- ----------- -------- ------ -------- -------
  Product      Cashew   Fonio   Palm   Honey   Baobab   Char-coal   Gum      Madd   Thatch   Total
                                oil                                 mbepp                    

  Number       88       138     2      62      222      25          67       290    6        900
  employed                                                                                   
  ------------ -------- ------- ------ ------- -------- ----------- -------- ------ -------- -------

## Constraints, opportunities, and priorities for 2006-2007

### Constraints

For 2006-2007 year, access to credit will remain a major challenge in
the development of dynamic and emerging local enterprises. This is true
especially for packaging (baobab powder, fonio), transport costs for
certain products (charcoal, madd), and large-scale supply of raw
material for processors (fonio, baobab, cashew, and others).

The impact of the program in Dakar is rather limited because of our late
recruitment of a facilitator. Another limitation is that the dynamic
enterprises have no business plans, which makes quick and targeted
intervention difficult. For these reasons, WN first made a diagnosis and
began the process of assisting with business plans that would define
each enterprise's principal need for assistance.

The fall in prices of cashew and baobab in the husk, which are dependent
on the world market, has contributed greatly to the reduction in
producers' revenues. Baobab fell by 21%; cashew nuts fell by 42%. This
has pushed producers in Kolda and Ziguinchor to conserve their stocks
while waiting for a better offer.

Following the discussion forums held on palm oil, an effort was made to
reduce costs of processing and marketing, but this has not had a great
impact. In fact, revenue growth was limited to 20% over last year.

### Opportunities

The establishment of federations of fonio and baobab powder processors
enabled enterprise members to achieve economies of scale and to get
regular markets in Dakar, assuring that they will have steady revenues.
This in turn stabilizes and strengthens the market chains for their
products.

The charcoal market is one of the most lucrative in forestry in
Tambacounda and Kolda regions. The management plan of Koulor and the
signed protocol of the ZPC of Missirah will help local community
members, instead of outsiders[^9], to do the charcoal producing and
marketing in their areas. This taking charge of the market by local
people will contribute to better management and valuation of the
resource.

The WN program has always counted on collaboration with partners to
increase efficiency of certain activities. This year, WN has worked
together with the newly-arrived SAGIC program on the cashew market
chain. In addition, at the request of Enterprise Works, a protocol was
signed for the long-term support of cashew processing enterprises. In
the mbepp gum market, WN collaborates with Manobi, a supplier of
electronic Market Information Systems, to resolve the problems of
communication between producers and buyers of mbepp gum.

### Priority actions

For WN, the 2006-2007 year will be characterized by a reinforcement of
networks to assure a better supply of services to producer groups such
as commercialization, training, and information, so that the long-term
survival of these enterprises can be guaranteed.

WN will emphasize the strengthening of relationships between producers
and buyers through formal contracts, periodic meetings, and market
information sharing, all the while maintaining vertical liaisons so that
the value of the product will be preserved all along its way to the
markets.

WN will facilitate the development of solid dynamic enterprises, the
catalysts for agricultural and forestry product markets. These
enterprises will assure the provision of services (credit, information,
purchases) to producers and buyers; will help stimulate production; will
increase value adding at the local level; and will act as focal points
between different actors in the market chain.

The key to succeeding with these priorities is the involvement of
managing organizations and of the Rural Community to assure oversight
and a managed, rational utilization of resources. The program will work
to reinforce the synergy between these three structures.

The major focus of WN for 2006-2007 will be assuring the longevity of
its accomplishments.

#  Rights and Responsibilities Component 

## Targeted results and planned activities 

### General Considerations

The Rights and Responsibilities component seeks to promote better,
sustainable, and decentralized community management of natural resources
by means of the transfer of responsibility as well as by validating
legal rights, management authority, and relevant capacities. The
approach is based on territory-wide areas such as the Communautés
Rurales or Rural Communities (RC).

Agricultural, pastoral, and silvicultural resources are interdependent
but require different types of management. The best utilization of the
land and vegetation features in a given territory must be envisioned
according to the potential use of each combination on one level, and
according to the whole territory's characteristics on another level.
Land use planning must take into account the possibility for balancing
existing activities with the needs of different user groups; but this
can only be done if communities have permanent control of the resources.
The community must be capable of managing the resource, and this implies
that community members have power to control its use and/or to limit its
access according to a certain number of principles upon which
irrevocable consensus has been reached.

In this framework, several activities have been developed in the course
of this year:

-   support to villages and their organizations engaged in managing the
    land, protecting natural resources, and increasing productivity
    (maintaining the production capacity of vegetation formations so
    that harvested resources will not reduce their capital, by means of
    tree nursery and plantation activity; and improving agricultural
    yields, as practiced in fonio demonstration plots);

-   support for local conventions to be developed in the Rural
    Communities; and

-   Provide assistance to communities writing and implementing forest
    management plans.

### Targeted results

Key results that are being targeted by the component during the life of
the program consist of increases in the elements listed below:

1)  Number of communities/CBOs that have undertaken community-led
    activities to increase productivity of NR in a sustainable manner;

```{=html}
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51) Number of communities/CBOs that have engaged in formal co-management
    relationships with actors and institutions external to the community
    to increase productivity of NR;

52) Number of hectares that are under legally recognized,
    community-based and sustainable NRM plans known as local
    conventions;

53) Number of hectares that are under legally recognized,
    community-based and sustainable NRM plans in Community Forests;

54) Number of communities receiving training in NR monitoring,
    enforcement of local codes, or conflict management;

55) Number of communities or CBOs that develop natural resource
    management plans that are overseen by the communities; protocols;
    agreements; or local codes that govern access, use, and protection
    of NR; and

56) Number of regional units whose skills in mapping and inventory of NR
    is improved.

### Activities planned for 2005-2006

**Training and strengthening of rights and responsibilities of rural
communities in natural resource management**

-   Training in laws related to NRM and decentralization for targeted
    rural communities in Ziguinchor 

-   Followup training in Kolda and Tambacounda rural communities in NRM
    laws

-   Support to translation and distribution of the most relevant laws

-   Informational exchange visits within Senegal and in the sub-region

**Open land and community forest management**

-   Implementation of local conventions' land management plans for rural
    communities in the regions of Kolda and Tambacounda

-   Development of local conventions for rural communities in Ziguinchor

-   Development and implementation of participatory community forest
    management plans for Koulor, Sare Bidji and Balmadou

-   Identification of opportunities to adopt best practices in NRM that
    increase productivity

**Joint Management of Classified Forests:**

-   Reaching agreement on the process of writing operational forest
    management plans, adapted to the local context and needs; and
    support to rational management of targeted forest stands

-   Development, approval, and implementation of local codes for the
    classified forests of Balmadou, Pata (Kolda) and Tendouck
    (Ziguinchor)

##  Progress achieved

Result 1: Increase in the number of communities/CBOs that have
undertaken activities to increase productivity of NR

This year, WN contributed to the increase in revenues of villagers in
its intervention zones by favoring certain market chains (Baobab
(*Adansonia digitata*), mbepp gum (S*terculia setigera*), madd (*Saba
senegalensis*), and cashew (*Anacardium occidentale*). It follows that
these resources should be well-managed, but even more, that the
production capacity of the plant communities in which these products are
harvested should be maintained. This is why the RR component has
instigated a tree nursery and tree planting program this year. Its
success on the ground will depend on the area of plantations installed
\-- whether in agricultural fields, pasturelands, forest stands, or
other areas of protection; and on individual initiatives taken by rural
entrepreneurs who get involved in market chains being supported by WN.

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Plant production has occurred in  |                                   |
| 6 locations as follows:           |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > Salémata (8 nurseries)          | Malème Niani (3 nurseries)        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > Dakately (2 nurseries)          | Koussanar (5 nurseries)           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > Saraya (1 nursery)              | Sinthiou Malème (1 nursery)       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| A total of 23,948 seedlings were  |                                   |
| produced as follows:              |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > Mbepp - 3,177                   | Cashew - 18,494                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > Cadd - 2,073                    | Jujube - 131                      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

In fonio marketing, the promotion of appropriate techniques to increase
yield required putting demonstration plots in place. Fonio is currently
in grain formation and producers are doing the final weeding.

+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Indicator for   | Number of communities/CBOs that  |       |       |
| Result 1:       | have undertaken activities to    |       |       |
|                 | increase productivity of NR      |       |       |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Target for      | 600                              |       |       |
| 2005-2006:      |                                  |       |       |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Principal       | Progress achieved                | \#    | \#    |
| Activities      |                                  | ta    | on    |
|                 |                                  | rgets | going |
|                 |                                  | re    | ta    |
|                 |                                  | ached | rgets |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Support to      | -   11 CBO in the RC of          | 11    |       |
| villagers and   |     Koussanar and Sinthiou       |       |       |
| local           |     Malème planted trees         | 13    |       |
| organizations   |                                  |       |       |
| involved in     | -   Put in place 13 village      | 12    |       |
| land management |     nurseries to regenerate      |       |       |
|                 |     species targeted in WN       | 18    |       |
|                 |     program market chains        |       |       |
|                 |                                  | 1     |       |
|                 | -   Early burning activities     |       |       |
|                 |     instead of firebreaks in 12  | 16    |       |
|                 |     villages                     |       |       |
|                 |                                  | 8     |       |
|                 | -   Seeding done in nurseries    |       |       |
|                 |                                  |       |       |
|                 | -   Firebreaks built in 11       |       |       |
|                 |     villages in the RC of Sakar  |       |       |
|                 |                                  |       |       |
|                 | -   Identified producers and     |       |       |
|                 |     sites for demonstration      |       |       |
|                 |     fields of fonio at Kédougou  |       |       |
|                 |     and Kolda, in 6 RC           |       |       |
|                 |                                  |       |       |
|                 | -   Planted nursery seedlings in |       |       |
|                 |     16 villages in the           |       |       |
|                 |     departments of Tamba and     |       |       |
|                 |     Kédougou                     |       |       |
|                 |                                  |       |       |
|                 | -   Produced fonio in            |       |       |
|                 |     demonstration plots in 8     |       |       |
|                 |     villages                     |       |       |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Cumulative      |                                  | 90    |       |
| total :         |                                  |       |       |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+

![](media/image11.jpeg){width="0.7222222222222222in"
height="0.49027777777777776in"}

Communities/CBOs that have undertaken activities to increase
productivity of NR (Result 1 - Rights and Responsibilities)

Result 2: Increase in the number of communities/CBOs that have engaged
in formal co-management relationships with actors and institutions
external to the community to increase productivity of NR

The year just finished marked a consolidation of extension work on local
codes in the Tambacounda region. Concrete actions in NR protection and
the fight against illegal NR exploitation were undertaken in seven RCs:
Koussanar, Malème Niani, Sinthiou Malème, Kothiary, and Koulor.

Forest guards were trained in their roles and responsibilities in the RC
of Koussanar, Sinthiou Malème, Kothiary, and Malème Niani.

In the classified forest of Balmadou, five RCs (Tanaff, Niagha,
Kolibantang, and Karantaba) already have village NR management
committees. Different Rural Councils decided to participate in forest
management and sent their requests to the departmental Forest Service in
Sédhiou, as prescribed in the forestry code. Up to now, they are still
waiting the reaction to their request.

+------------------------+----------------------------+-------+-------+
| Indicator for Result   | Number of communities/CBOs |       |       |
| 2:                     | that have engaged in       |       |       |
|                        | formal co-management       |       |       |
|                        | relationships with actors  |       |       |
|                        | and institutions external  |       |       |
|                        | to the community to        |       |       |
|                        | increase productivity of   |       |       |
|                        | NR                         |       |       |
+------------------------+----------------------------+-------+-------+
| Target for 2005-2006:  | 7                          |       |       |
+------------------------+----------------------------+-------+-------+
| Principal Activities   | Progress achieved          | \#    | \#    |
|                        |                            | ta    | on    |
|                        |                            | rgets | going |
|                        |                            | re    | ta    |
|                        |                            | ached | rgets |
+------------------------+----------------------------+-------+-------+
| Handling requests for  | -   Comanagement of the    | 1     | 6     |
| the management of      |     classified forest of   |       |       |
| classified forests,    |     Diatouman was          |       |       |
| and evaluation of      |     deliberated by the RC  |       |       |
| local codes            |     of Saré Bidji          |       |       |
|                        |                            |       |       |
| Writing and applying   | -   Followup of the        |       |       |
| the local code for the |     application of the     |       |       |
| Pata forest            |     local code for the     |       |       |
|                        |     classified forest of   |       |       |
| Writing and applying   |     Pata was done by       |       |       |
| the local code for the |     communities of the RCs |       |       |
| Balmadou forest        |     of Ndorna and Pata     |       |       |
|                        |                            |       |       |
|                        | -   A request to comanage  |       |       |
|                        |     the classified forest  |       |       |
|                        |     was sent to the        |       |       |
|                        |     departmental forest    |       |       |
|                        |     service of Sédhiou for |       |       |
|                        |     approval by the RC     |       |       |
+------------------------+----------------------------+-------+-------+
| Cumulative total :     |                            | 1     | 6     |
+------------------------+----------------------------+-------+-------+

![](media/image25.jpeg){width="0.9986111111111111in"
height="0.7083333333333334in"}

Result 3: Increase in the number of hectares that are covered by legally
recognized, community-based and sustainable NRM plans through local
conventions

The local convention that regulates access to natural resources and
their proper management contributes to conflict avoidance and consensual
management; it is an indispensable tool for rural populations. It deals
with how to use collectively-owned resources; it describes all in one
place the management experiences and knowledge of local society.

WN has helped put in place 24 of these local conventions, of which 12
are in Tambacounda region, 8 in Kolda, and 4 in Ziguinchor. Annex 2
depicts the steps taken in developing the local convention and the level
reached by each rural community thus far.

+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Indicator for   | Number of hectares that are      |       |       |
| Result 3:       | covered by legally recognized,   |       |       |
|                 | sustainable community managed    |       |       |
|                 | NRM plans through conventions    |       |       |
|                 | locales                          |       |       |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Target for      | 1,277,967 ha (3 000 000 ha by    |       |       |
| 2005-2006:      | 2008)                            |       |       |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Principal       | Progress achieved                | \#    | \#    |
| Activities      |                                  | ta    | on    |
|                 |                                  | rgets | going |
|                 |                                  | re    | ta    |
|                 |                                  | ached | rgets |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Writing and     | -   Drafted Local Conventions in | 2,45  | 61    |
| implementation  |     Ziguinchor (Mangagoulack,    | 7,993 | 1,813 |
| of Local        |     Diégoune, Tengory, and       | ha    | ha    |
| Conventions     |     Balingore); Kédougou         |       |       |
|                 |     (Khossanto, Dakately); and   |       |       |
|                 |     Kolda (Simbandi Brassou,     |       |       |
|                 |     Diendé, Karantaba,           |       |       |
|                 |     Linkéring)                   |       |       |
|                 |                                  |       |       |
|                 | -   The Local Conventions of     |       |       |
|                 |     Tanaff, Djirédji, and        |       |       |
|                 |     Bambaly were approved        |       |       |
|                 |                                  |       |       |
|                 | -   The Local Conventions of     |       |       |
|                 |     Kédougou (Tomboronkoto,      |       |       |
|                 |     Bandeafassi, Saraya,         |       |       |
|                 |     Missirah Sirimana,           |       |       |
|                 |     Salémata), Tamba (Kothiary,  |       |       |
|                 |     Goudiry, Sinthiou Malème,    |       |       |
|                 |     Malème Niani, Koussanar) and |       |       |
|                 |     Kolda (Sakar) were activated |       |       |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Cumulative      |                                  | 2,45  |       |
| total :         |                                  | 7,993 |       |
|                 |                                  | ha    |       |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+

![](media/image25.jpeg){width="0.9756944444444444in"
height="0.6923611111111111in"}

Result 4 : Increase in the number of hectares that are covered by
legally recognized community-based natural resource management plans for
community forests

The community forest of Koulor has its management plan in place and its
stakeholders have begun implementation (see box below).

The management plan for the community forest of Saré Bidji is nearly
completed; the technical presentation has been done in the villages of
the rural community. The remaining steps are the rural council's
deliberation and approval by the Sous-Préfet.

For the community forest of Missirah, local organizations that will
manage mapped blocks are operational and charcoal production under a
management plan has begun.

**Forest Management: the Community Forest of Koulor**

Management of the 39,214 hectares of the community forest of Koulor has
been placed under the charge of the communities in the area, whose
members can read maps and fully understand the plan's content. Charcoal
production has been taken over by local people. 30 management structures
were trained in appropriate charcoal production techniques and
participate in marking parcel boundaries and individual trees to be cut.

Revenues generated by management activities are shared among
stakeholders as follows:

> Forest management fund 70%
>
> CIVGF 10%
>
> Rural Council (CR) 10%
>
> Village 10%

The management fund is composed of funds derived from revenue-producing
activities as defined by the management plan. The management fund is to
be used to support activities linked to the plan. For each forest placed
under a community-based management plan, a forest management fund will
be established.

![](media/image28.jpeg){width="2.870138888888889in"
height="2.1555555555555554in"}In the past, charcoal production has been
considered an activity for the lower classes; today, it is a
sought-after profession. Potentially-interested producers counted in WN
areas when the idea first came up had no true heart for the activity;
now, they have become true professionals, willing to supply the quota of
1,500 quintaux (3,000 sacks) that has been awarded by the Forest Service
as a pilot activity.

*General meeting on the Koulor Management Plan*

+--------------------+--------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Indicator for      | Number of hectares covered by  |       |       |
| Result 4:          | legally recognized Community   |       |       |
|                    | Forest Mgmt Plans              |       |       |
+--------------------+--------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Target for         | 80,859 ha                      |       |       |
| 2005-2006:         |                                |       |       |
+--------------------+--------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Principal          | Progress achieved              | \#    | \#    |
| Activities         |                                | ta    | on    |
|                    |                                | rgets | going |
|                    |                                | re    | ta    |
|                    |                                | ached | rgets |
+--------------------+--------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Meetings and       | -   Management plan for Koulor | 3     | 1     |
| approval on the    |     brought back to the        | 9,214 | 8,000 |
| Koulor management  |     villages, validated, and   | ha    | ha    |
| plan               |     approved                   |       |       |
|                    |                                |       | 1     |
| Put in place       | -   Management organizations   |       | 9,807 |
| management blocks  |     and Missirah ZPC charcoal  |       | ha    |
| and parcels in     |     producers put in place     |       |       |
| Saré Bidji Forest  |                                |       | 2     |
|                    | -   Management blocks in Saré  |       | 2,800 |
| Put in place       |     Bidji verified with        |       | ha    |
| management         |     communities; technical     |       |       |
| organizations in   |     part of the management     |       |       |
| Missirah Zone of   |     plan finalized             |       |       |
| Controlled         |                                |       |       |
| Production         | -   Formal request for         |       |       |
|                    |     communities to comanage    |       |       |
|                    |     classified forest of       |       |       |
|                    |     Balmadou was made by the   |       |       |
|                    |     population                 |       |       |
+--------------------+--------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Cumulative total : |                                | 3     | 6     |
|                    |                                | 9,214 | 0,607 |
|                    |                                | ha    | ha    |
+--------------------+--------------------------------+-------+-------+

![](media/image25.jpeg){width="0.8611111111111112in"
height="0.6111111111111112in"}

Result 5: Increase in the number of communities receiving training in NR
monitoring, enforcement of local codes, or conflict management

A highlight of this year has been establishing management structures in
the communities:

-   3 management committees for blocks in Missirah;

-   1 animation structure for the local convention of Balingore;

-   1 Community Forest Management Committee ("CCGF") in Koulor;

-   1 Inter-Village Management and Development Committee ("CIVGD") in
    Djiréji;

-   1 Inter-Village Management and Development Committee ("CIVGD") in
    Bambali;

-   1 Village Management and Development Committee ("CVGD") in Diendé;

-   2 animation structures for the local conventions at Diégoune and
    Tenghory.

+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Indicator for   | Number of communities receiving   |       |       |
| Result 5:       | training in NR monitoring,        |       |       |
|                 | enforcement of local codes, and   |       |       |
|                 | conflict mgmt                     |       |       |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Target for      | 25                                |       |       |
| 2005-2006:      |                                   |       |       |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Principal       | Progress achieved                 | \#    | \#    |
| Activities      |                                   | ta    | on    |
|                 |                                   | rgets | going |
|                 |                                   | re    | ta    |
|                 |                                   | ached | rgets |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Training of     | -   45 committees put in place in | 6     |       |
| villagers in    |     the rural communities of      |       |       |
| setting up      |     Tanaff, Niagha, Karantaba,    | 4     |       |
| production and  |     Djiredji, Banbaly, and        |       |       |
| management      |     Sinthiou Malème               | 2     |       |
| structures      |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Management organizations      | 12    |       |
|                 |     established in the rural      |       |       |
|                 |     communities of Koussanar,     | 1     |       |
|                 |     Simbandi Brassou, Tanaff, and |       |       |
|                 |     Sinthiou Malème               | 2     |       |
|                 |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Rural communities of          | 1     |       |
|                 |     Mangagoulack and Tenghory put |       |       |
|                 |     in place their animation      | 1     |       |
|                 |     structure for the local       |       |       |
|                 |     convention and went on to     | 1     |       |
|                 |     outline the rules for their   |       |       |
|                 |     areas                         | 2     |       |
|                 |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Groups were trained in tree   | 2     |       |
|                 |     production techniques in 12   |       |       |
|                 |     villages of Kédougou and      | 1     |       |
|                 |     Tambacounda regions           |       |       |
|                 |                                   | 1     |       |
|                 | -   Continuation of the           |       |       |
|                 |     establishment of local        | 2     |       |
|                 |     steering groups in Malème     |       |       |
|                 |     Niani                         |       |       |
|                 |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Continuation of putting up    |       |       |
|                 |     animation structures for the  |       |       |
|                 |     local conventions of Tanghory |       |       |
|                 |     and the start of this process |       |       |
|                 |     in Diégoune                   |       |       |
|                 |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Put in place the CIVGF and    |       |       |
|                 |     the CVGF of Koulor            |       |       |
|                 |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Sponsored a CAC to develop    |       |       |
|                 |     the local convention for      |       |       |
|                 |     Linkéring                     |       |       |
|                 |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Put together a followup       |       |       |
|                 |     committee for the local       |       |       |
|                 |     convention at Sakar           |       |       |
|                 |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Continue putting in place the |       |       |
|                 |     CVGD of Simbandi Brassou      |       |       |
|                 |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Put in place the CVGD and     |       |       |
|                 |     CIVGD of Diendé               |       |       |
|                 |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Put in place animation        |       |       |
|                 |     structures for local          |       |       |
|                 |     conventions in Balingore,     |       |       |
|                 |     Diégoun, and Tenghory         |       |       |
|                 |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Put in place block management |       |       |
|                 |     committees and monitoring     |       |       |
|                 |     units in Missirah             |       |       |
|                 |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Put in place the CCGF for     |       |       |
|                 |     Koulor                        |       |       |
|                 |                                   |       |       |
|                 | -   Put in place the CIVGDs in    |       |       |
|                 |     Bambali and Diredgji          |       |       |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Cumulative      |                                   | 38    |       |
| total :         |                                   |       |       |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------+-------+-------+

![](media/image30.wmf){width="3.8181102362204724in"
height="2.4673228346456693in"}

![](media/image11.jpeg){width="0.7638888888888888in"
height="0.5180555555555556in"}

Result 6: Increase in the number of communities/CBOs that have developed
NR management plans, protocols, agreements, and local codes governing
access, use, and protection of NR

The rural communities of Koussanar, Malème Niani, Kothiary, and Sinthio
Malème (Tambacounda region) have finished writing their workplans for
implementing local conventions with stakeholder participation. The Rural
Communities of Sinthiou Malème and Koussanar have held workshops on the
process for recovering and using revenues resulting from activities in
the local convention.

The rural communities of Linkéring (Kolda) and Mangagoulack (Ziguinchor)
have produced the first draft of their local convention. This document
has been made available to the technical services to ensure they conform
to Senegalese law. The rural communities of Tenghory and Diégoune have
gone on to the synchronization of drafted rules at the community level.
Finally, meetings have been held for the rural communities of Djirédji,
Bambali, and Tanaff.

Thus we have five rural communities in the process of drawing up their
local conventions: Mangagoulack, Tenghory, Diégoune, Balingore, and
Linkéring.

+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Indicator for   | Number of communities that have  |       |       |
| Result 6:       | developed NR management plans,   |       |       |
|                 | protocols, agreements, and local |       |       |
|                 | codes governing access, use, and |       |       |
|                 | protection of NR                 |       |       |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Target for      | 17                               |       |       |
| 2005-2006:      |                                  |       |       |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Principal       | Progress achieved                | \#    | \#    |
| Activities      |                                  | ta    | on    |
|                 |                                  | rgets | going |
|                 |                                  | re    | ta    |
|                 |                                  | ached | rgets |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Support for the | -   Put in place animation       | 3     | 12    |
| preparation,    |     structures for local         |       |       |
| adoption, and   |     conventions in Diégoune,     | 1     |       |
| application of  |     Tenghory, Diendé, and        |       |       |
| local           |     Missirah                     |       |       |
| conventions and |                                  |       |       |
| local codes at  | -   Community members drafted    |       |       |
| the Rural       |     the local conventions of     |       |       |
| Community level |     Linkéring and Mangagoulack   |       |       |
|                 |                                  |       |       |
| Implementation  | -   Outlined rules for the local |       |       |
| of Local        |     conventions of Diégoune and  |       |       |
| Conventions     |     Tenghory                     |       |       |
|                 |                                  |       |       |
|                 | -   Held meetings on local       |       |       |
|                 |     conventions in Djirédji,     |       |       |
|                 |     Bambali, and Tanaff          |       |       |
|                 |                                  |       |       |
|                 | -   Drew up workplans for local  |       |       |
|                 |     conventions in Kothiary,     |       |       |
|                 |     Sinthiou Malème, Malème      |       |       |
|                 |     Niani, and Koussanar         |       |       |
|                 |                                  |       |       |
|                 | -   Validated and approved       |       |       |
|                 |     management plan for Koulor   |       |       |
|                 |                                  |       |       |
|                 | -   Wrote and presented the      |       |       |
|                 |     technical part of the mgmt   |       |       |
|                 |     plan of Saré Bidji           |       |       |
|                 |                                  |       |       |
|                 | -   Continued the process of     |       |       |
|                 |     writing a local convention   |       |       |
|                 |     for Khossanto, Dakately      |       |       |
|                 |     (Kédougou), Karnataba, and   |       |       |
|                 |     Simbandi Brassou (Kolda)     |       |       |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+
| Cumulative      |                                  | 4     | 12    |
| total :         |                                  |       |       |
+-----------------+----------------------------------+-------+-------+

![](media/image25.jpeg){width="0.88125in" height="0.625in"}

Result 7: Strengthened resource assessment and mapping/GIS capabilities
at the regional level

In the course of its interventions, WN has foreseen the reinforcement of
skills in the forest service offices of regional IREFs in Tambacounda,
Kolda, and Ziguinchor, through their inventory and mapping units (BIC),
and in supplying computer equipment. Two review sessions on GIS concepts
were held in Tamba and Kolda; in Ziguinchor it was a matter of doing
computerized mapping for the first time.

The BICs in the IREFs are now sufficiently supplied to carry out mapping
activities in their regions.

+----------------------------+---------------------+--------+---------+
| Indicator for Result 7:    | Number of regional  |        |         |
|                            | mapping/GIS and     |        |         |
|                            | inventory           |        |         |
|                            | capabilities        |        |         |
|                            | strengthened        |        |         |
+----------------------------+---------------------+--------+---------+
| Target for 2005-2006:      | 2                   |        |         |
+----------------------------+---------------------+--------+---------+
| Principal Activities       | Progress achieved   | \#     | \#      |
|                            |                     | t      | ongoing |
|                            |                     | argets | targets |
|                            |                     | r      |         |
|                            |                     | eached |         |
+----------------------------+---------------------+--------+---------+
| Reinforcement of skills in | -   Trained or      | 3      |         |
| the IREFs of Tamba, Kolda, |     re-trained      |        |         |
| and Ziguinchor             |     officers in     |        |         |
|                            |     mapping at      |        |         |
|                            |     local offices   |        |         |
|                            |                     |        |         |
|                            | -   Provided BICs   |        |         |
|                            |     computer        |        |         |
|                            |     materials and   |        |         |
|                            |     equipment       |        |         |
+----------------------------+---------------------+--------+---------+
| Cumulative total :         |                     | 3      |         |
+----------------------------+---------------------+--------+---------+

##  Constraints, opportunities, and priorities for the next year

An emphasis will be placed on consolidating achievements of the
preceding years of developing and testing processes and methods for
participatory management and local conventions. The component will look
for a more timely adoption of activities by local populations. The
2006-2007 priorities among these activities are as follows:

1)  Start implementing the Koulor community forest management plan;

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
57) Keep working toward the implementation of the management plan for
    the ZPC Missirah;

58) Validate, approve, and implement the management plan for Saré Bidji
    community forest;

59) Draw up a management plan for the classified forests of Paniates and
    Tendouck;

60) Implement the local conventions in the region of Tambacounda;

61) Draw up and implement the local conventions for the regions of Kolda
    and Ziguinchor;

62) Organize some workshops on governance and community land management
    in the Rural Communities of Missirah, Koulor, Sinthiou Malème (Tamba
    region), Sakar, and Saré Bidji (Kolda region).

The WN program started out working on co-management of classified
forests and implementing local codes; however, as field experience
mounted, it became obvious that the orientation should be toward
community forest management since the process is less bureaucratic and
more dependent on communities. Thus the emphasis is now placed on
community forest establishment and the writing of local conventions to
describe how the surrounding communities will manage and protect the
resources together.

A constraint in the development of the different resource management
documents and processes has always been the complexity that enters in
when several partners must be involved. Local community members trying
to survive every day may progress towards a project goal more slowly
than other technical partners who work towards expected results that are
written down for their sector. There are plenty of moments when
activities can not be conducted as planned.

A constraint which affected the number of villages that increased their
NR productivity was a common one in rural farming: late and irregular
rains. Several locations suffered spotty rains this year, causing
participants to prioritize around those events even more than usual,
making some WN activities lower on their list.

The staff has noticed that motivation for involvement in natural
resource activities was higher in villages close to forests chosen for
WN interventions. This phenomenon has an impact on the extent of the
results achieved.

#  Policy Component

##  Targeted results and planned activities 

### General considerations

The ultimate aim of all the activities of the Policy Section of WN is to
reduce barriers to sustainable natural resource management. The barriers
can be legal, regulatory, or administrative. Reducing their blocking
effects will benefit rural communities and local people, especially in
economic and ecological terms.

Since the departure of M Marks of Winrock in February 2006, the Policy
Section is the responsibility of the team leader and his deputy. This
new team continues to follow up and develop the activities begun by M
Marks. In addition, it has widened the approach to include other
challenges faced by the program. This has involved two specific
elements: the participation of WN as a member of the steering committee
on reforming institutional forest finance and taxation in Senegal, and
following activities proposed by the focus group in Tambacounda to
promote good governance, land use planning, and resolution of extensive
grazing issues.

### Targeted results

The section's objectives are linked to four contractual results, namely:

1)  Reduction in the legal, regulatory, and administrative barriers that
    hamper sustainable natural resource management;

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
63) Setting up long-term and useful discussion forums among Rural
    Communities, regional and national government structures, and the
    private sector;

64) Provision of evaluations, studies, and political analyses to support
    the national Policy Agenda;

65) Development of tools and information systems to support the policy
    section, including capacity building in resource valuation and in
    mapping/GIS at the regional level.

### Activities planned for 2005-2006

#### Reduction of barriers {#reduction-of-barriers .unnumbered}

**Forest Finance:** Requests to the DEFCCS were to be made by the RCs
and through the Discussion Forums on how to access the Fonds Forestier
National and devolved funding for NRM as per the new forestry laws.
Discussion Forums, together with WN, were also to develop strategies for
claiming the RCs' shares of tax revenues from forest products, and to
produce reports and analyses on how they could achieve this goal.
Finally, meetings with the IREFs and with DEFCCS were to clarify and
rectify discrepancies in tax rates on various types of forest products
and transporters.

**Hunting leases:** Reports and analyses on this longstanding problem
were to be used to develop briefings to inform USAID, Senior Council for
Hunting, and the Discussion Forums and to gather feedback on the new
Hunting Code, lack of returns to communities from hunting licenses, and
updating tax levels which have not changed in 20 years.

**Transhumance (migrant herding):** Discussion forums were to continue
on herding problems with input from the Livestock Department. Training
tools were to be developed and implemented with communities. Local
conventions should have a new tax inserted after agreement between
herders and communities on the amount.

**Wood-based market chains:** The charcoal quota in managed and
unmanaged forests was to be the main target of policy activities in this
subheading. Discussions with the DEFCCS and in Discussion Forums were to
provide impetus to level the playing field for local producers to sell
without going through the usual middlemen. In principle, Senegal law
allows this activity so it has been a question of applying the law in an
equal and transparent way.

**Local capacity-building:** Training materials for setting up local
lobbying groups were to be developed and tested together with IREFs and
ARDs in the CRs.

#### Consultation processes among communities, government agencies and services, and private sector {#consultation-processes-among-communities-government-agencies-and-services-and-private-sector .unnumbered}

Several forums and roundtable discussion were to be organized and
supported by WN. Topics include fund allocations from FFN, taxation, and
licenses; facilitating feedback between stakeholders; and assuring that
dialogue between different levels of government occurs.

#### Preparation and dissemination of supporting documents for policy reform {#preparation-and-dissemination-of-supporting-documents-for-policy-reform .unnumbered}

Studies, requests, and analysis topics to be covered included hunting
leases, the charcoal quota system, revision of certain laws, access to
FFN, species classification, action plans for barrier reduction,
household surveys from Kolda and Ziguinchor, and Rapid Evaluations.

#### Development of tools and information systems {#development-of-tools-and-information-systems .unnumbered}

The regional mapping offices in Tamba, Kolda, and Ziguinchor were to be
set up and supported with training, then produce maps in their regions.
A database for Ziguinchor policy was to be developed.

##  Progress achieved

Result 1: Reduction in the legal, regulatory, or administrative barriers
to sustainable natural resource management

+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| Indicator for     | Number of legal, regulatory, or    |      |      |
| result 1:         | administrative barriers to         |      |      |
|                   | sustainable management of natural  |      |      |
|                   | resources reduced                  |      |      |
+===================+====================================+======+======+
| Target for        | 6                                  |      |      |
| 2005-2006 :       |                                    |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| Principal         | Progress realized                  | \#   | \#   |
| activities        |                                    | tar  | ong  |
|                   |                                    | gets | oing |
|                   |                                    | rea  | tar  |
|                   |                                    | ched | gets |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| Reduced barriers  |                                    | 1    | 1    |
| in organized      |                                    |      |      |
| hunting           |                                    | 1    | 1    |
| concessions:      |                                    |      |      |
|                   |                                    |      | 1    |
|                   |                                    |      |      |
|                   |                                    |      | 1    |
|                   |                                    |      |      |
|                   |                                    |      | 1    |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| 1\. Lack of       | -   Code is at the level of the    |      |      |
| widespread        |     General Assembly               |      |      |
| knowledge of the  |                                    |      |      |
| new version of    | -   Note was taken during regional |      |      |
| the Hunting Code  |     workshop on ZIC                |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| 2\. No monetary   | -   Attended national workshop on  |      |      |
| return coming     |     licensed hunting concessions   |      |      |
| back to           |                                    |      |      |
| communities from  | -   To be treated at the national  |      |      |
| hunted areas      |     workshop                       |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| 3\. Need for a    | -   Waiting on the establishment   |      |      |
| new system of     |     of a committee on hunting      |      |      |
| hunting           |     concessions                    |      |      |
| concessions for   |                                    |      |      |
| the next round of |                                    |      |      |
| contract awarding |                                    |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| 4\. The level of  | -   Waiting on the establishment   |      |      |
| taxation on       |     of a committee on hunting      |      |      |
| hunting           |     concessions                    |      |      |
| concessions has   |                                    |      |      |
| not changed in 20 |                                    |      |      |
| years             |                                    |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| 5\. Zero shares   | -   Waiting on the establishment   |      |      |
| of fines coming   |     of a committee on hunting      |      |      |
| to the Comm Rural |     concessions                    |      |      |
| from infractions  |                                    |      |      |
| committed in      |                                    |      |      |
| their territories |                                    |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| Reduction of 6    |                                    | 1    | 1    |
| barriers to       |                                    |      |      |
| increasing        |                                    | 1    | 1    |
| revenues to local |                                    |      |      |
| communities:      |                                    |      | 1    |
|                   |                                    |      |      |
|                   |                                    |      | 1    |
|                   |                                    |      |      |
|                   |                                    |      | 1    |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| **1. Difficulty   | -   Participation on fiscality     |      |      |
| for the CR to     |     Committee on forest finance    |      |      |
| access the Fonds  |     that was established (Djigo    |      |      |
| Forestier         |     and Diouf report)              |      |      |
| National**        |                                    |      |      |
|                   | -   TDR made for writing new       |      |      |
|                   |     fiscality laws                 |      |      |
|                   |                                    |      |      |
|                   | -   Studies done on timber and TER |      |      |
|                   |     for writing new laws on        |      |      |
|                   |     fiscality                      |      |      |
|                   |                                    |      |      |
|                   | -   Study on forest fiscality      |      |      |
|                   |     (Djigo)                        |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| **2. Lack of      |                                    |      |      |
| shares from       |                                    |      |      |
| forest taxes      |                                    |      |      |
| coming back to    |                                    |      |      |
| the CR**          |                                    |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| **3. Certain      |                                    |      |      |
| taxes imposed on  |                                    |      |      |
| transporters do   |                                    |      |      |
| not conform to    |                                    |      |      |
| the law**         |                                    |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| **4. No           |                                    |      |      |
| difference in tax |                                    |      |      |
| is applied to     |                                    |      |      |
| products from     |                                    |      |      |
| managed versus    |                                    |      |      |
| unmanaged         |                                    |      |      |
| forests**         |                                    |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| **5. No           | -   A protocol has been drafted by |      |      |
| distinction made  |     WN and the IREF of Tamba and   |      |      |
| between baobab in |     sent to the Direction          |      |      |
| fruit or powder   |     Forestière \-- suggesting      |      |      |
| form in the       |     reducing by 40% the tax on     |      |      |
| forest product    |     unshelled baobab tonnage, to   |      |      |
| tax system**      |     be put in the protocol to      |      |      |
|                   |     ensure production              |      |      |
|                   |                                    |      |      |
|                   | -   TDR made for writing new texts |      |      |
|                   |     on fiscality                   |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| Reduction of 6    |                                    |      | 1    |
| barriers to the   |                                    |      |      |
| integration of    |                                    |      | 1    |
| herders in local  |                                    |      |      |
| land management:  |                                    |      | 1    |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| 1\. Absence of a  | -   Participated in a subregional  |      |      |
| pastoral code     |     workshop on migrant herding    |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| 2\. Lack of       | -   To be revisited at the         |      |      |
| knowledge of the  |     national workshop on migrant   |      |      |
| applicable laws   |     herding (transhumance)         |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| 3\. Absence of a  | -   To be revisited at the         |      |      |
| local system of   |     national workshop on migrant   |      |      |
| taxing for the    |     herding (transhumance)         |      |      |
| right to pasture  |                                    |      |      |
| animals           |                                    |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+
| 4\. Lack of       | -   Participated in a workshop on  |      | 1    |
| herder knowledge  |     local conventions              |      |      |
| of existing       |                                    |      |      |
| conventions       |                                    |      |      |
| locales           |                                    |      |      |
+-------------------+------------------------------------+------+------+

+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| Indicator for result 1    | Number of legal,         |      |      |
| (continued):              | regulatory, or           |      |      |
|                           | administrative barriers  |      |      |
|                           | to sustainable           |      |      |
|                           | management of natural    |      |      |
|                           | resources reduced        |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| Principal activities      | Progress realized        | \#   | \#   |
|                           |                          | tar  | ong  |
|                           |                          | gets | oing |
|                           |                          | rea  | tar  |
|                           |                          | ched | gets |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| Reduction of several      |                          | 1    | 1    |
| barriers in wood resource |                          |      |      |
| revenue issues:           |                          |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| 1\. Problems in charcoal  | -   Study on monitoring  |      |      |
| exploitation              |     offtake completed    |      |      |
|                           |                          |      |      |
|                           | -   Mgmt plan for Koulor |      |      |
|                           |     approved             |      |      |
|                           |                          |      |      |
|                           | -   Put in place CCGF of |      |      |
|                           |     Koulor               |      |      |
|                           |                          |      |      |
|                           | -   Mgmt plan presented  |      |      |
|                           |     back to Saré Bidji   |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| 2\. Lack of access to the | -   Forest Mgmt Plan     |      |      |
| charcoal market by local  |     approved for Koulor  |      |      |
| populations               |     and approval for     |      |      |
|                           |     1500 quintaux of     |      |      |
|                           |     charcoal to be       |      |      |
|                           |     exploited            |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| 3\. Equality of taxation  | -   Committee on Forest  |      | 1    |
| of wood products whether  |     Fiscality            |      |      |
| coming from managed or    |     established (see     |      |      |
| unmanaged forests         |     report by Djigo et   |      |      |
|                           |     Diouf)               |      |      |
|                           |                          |      |      |
|                           | -   Studies on sawtimber |      |      |
|                           |     and monitoring       |      |      |
|                           |     offtake during       |      |      |
|                           |     forest harvest       |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| 4\. Lack of control and   |                          |      | 1    |
| monitoring of sawtimber   |                          |      |      |
| exploitation              |                          |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| Reduction of 4 barriers   |                          | 1    | 1    |
| related to the lack of    |                          |      |      |
| local skills:             |                          |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| 1\. Lack of knowledge of  | -   Copy and             |      |      |
| NRM laws                  |     distribution of the  |      |      |
|                           |     laws                 |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| 2.. No administrative or  | -   Put in place         |      |      |
| financial procedures      |     procedures that will |      |      |
| followed by CVG (Village  |     be used in model     |      |      |
| Management Committees)    |     sites                |      |      |
|                           |                          |      |      |
|                           | -   TDR written for      |      |      |
|                           |     rural community      |      |      |
|                           |     studies on land      |      |      |
|                           |     status, pastoralism, |      |      |
|                           |     good governance, and |      |      |
|                           |     land use             |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| 3\. No land use or zoning | -   Contract with CSE    |      | 1    |
| maps in the CR            |     signed to develop    |      |      |
|                           |     land use and zoning  |      |      |
|                           |     maps and help the    |      |      |
|                           |     RCs to put them into |      |      |
|                           |     use                  |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| 4\. Forest guards with no | -   Trained and employed |      | 1    |
| power                     |     forest guards        |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| Reduction in barriers     |                          |      |      |
| linked to proper          |                          |      |      |
| monitoring and control of |                          |      |      |
| forest product harvest:   |                          |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| 1\. Too many checkpoints  | -   To be treated in a   |      | 1    |
|                           |     workshop on forest   |      |      |
|                           |     fiscality            |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| 2\. Differing measurement |                          |      | 1    |
| units                     |                          |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+
| Cumulative total for the  |                          | 6    | 22   |
| year                      |                          |      |      |
+---------------------------+--------------------------+------+------+

![](media/image25.jpeg){width="0.9201388888888888in"
height="0.6527777777777778in"}

Result 2 : Establishment of consultative forums among local communities,
national and regional offices, and the private sector that are
verifiable and continuing

This result uses various dialogue processes, called Discussion Forums,
Consensus-building Framework (Cadre de concertation or CdeC), or Round
Table (TR), for in-depth discussions with participants of their
problems, solutions, expectations, etc., especially regarding
sustainable development of NR. The dialogue operates on national,
regional and community levels; subjects are specific or general.
Consensus-building activities represent the most important source of
information in identifying barriers to be lowered.

The organized meetings give impetus to reaching consensus among all
partners, in particular at the local level, before field activities
begin. From there, regional-level presentations feed into national-level
workshops to be organized on topics such as migrant herding and forest
taxing and finance (fiscality).

+----------+----------------------------------------------+-----+-----+
| I        | Number of Consultative Forums and dialogues  |     |     |
| ndicator | opened among local communities, national and |     |     |
| for      | regional offices, and the private sector     |     |     |
| Result   | that are verifiable and continuing           |     |     |
| 2:       |                                              |     |     |
+==========+==============================================+=====+=====+
| Target   | 6 community-level Forums, 7 national or      |     |     |
| for      | regional Forums                              |     |     |
| 20       |                                              |     |     |
| 05-2006: |                                              |     |     |
+----------+----------------------------------------------+-----+-----+
| P        | Progress achieved                            | \#  | \#  |
| rincipal |                                              | t   | o   |
| Ac       |                                              | arg | ngo |
| tivities |                                              | ets | ing |
|          |                                              | r   | t   |
|          |                                              | eac | arg |
|          |                                              | hed | ets |
+----------+----------------------------------------------+-----+-----+
| C        |                                              |     |     |
| ommunity |                                              |     |     |
| level    |                                              |     |     |
| Di       |                                              |     |     |
| scussion |                                              |     |     |
| Foru     |                                              |     |     |
| ms/Round |                                              |     |     |
| Tabl     |                                              |     |     |
| es/CdeC: |                                              |     |     |
+----------+----------------------------------------------+-----+-----+
| Organi   | -   3 CdeC in the Rural Community of         | 3   |     |
| zational |     Kédougou to draft and implement annual   |     |     |
|          |     workplans (Salémata, Missirah, Sirimana, | 1   |     |
|          |     and Saraya)                              |     |     |
|          |                                              | 2   |     |
|          | -   1 CdeC in Kédougou to develop,           |     |     |
|          |     synchronize, and validate outlines of    | 1   |     |
|          |     rules for a Local Convention (Dakately)  |     |     |
|          |                                              | 1   |     |
|          | -   2 CdeC in the Rural Community of Kolda   |     |     |
|          |     on Local Conventions (Simbandi Brassou   | 4   |     |
|          |     and Tanaff)                              |     |     |
|          |                                              | 2   |     |
|          | -   1 CdeC and intercommunity exchange       |     |     |
|          |     (Pata)                                   | 4   |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   1 CdeC to exchange ideas and plan        | 1   |     |
|          |     management activities (Saré Bidji)       |     |     |
|          |                                              | 3   |     |
|          | -   4 CdeC in the Rural Communities of Kolda |     |     |
|          |     for different steps of Local Conventions | 1   |     |
|          |     (Bambaly, Diendé, Djiredji, Karantaba)   |     |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   2 CdeC in Tambacounda to develop,        |     |     |
|          |     synchronize, and validate outlines of    |     |     |
|          |     rules for a Local Convention (Sinthiou   |     |     |
|          |     Malème, Koussanar)                       |     |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   4 CdeC in Ziguinchor to develop,         |     |     |
|          |     synchronize, and validate outlines of    |     |     |
|          |     rules for a Local Convention (Balingore, |     |     |
|          |     Diégoune, Mangagoulack, Tenghory)        |     |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   1 CdeC in Linkéring for the launch of    |     |     |
|          |     the Local Convention writing             |     |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   3 CdeC on cashew at Tanaff, Diendé, and  |     |     |
|          |     Djirédji                                 |     |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   1 CdeC on palm oil in Diendé             |     |     |
+----------+----------------------------------------------+-----+-----+
| Regional |                                              |     |     |
| level    |                                              |     |     |
| Di       |                                              |     |     |
| scussion |                                              |     |     |
| Foru     |                                              |     |     |
| ms/Round |                                              |     |     |
| Tabl     |                                              |     |     |
| es/CdeC: |                                              |     |     |
+----------+----------------------------------------------+-----+-----+
| Markets  | -   Workshop in Bakel on migrant herding     | 1   |     |
| /        |     (transhumance)                           |     |     |
| Interest |                                              | 1   |     |
| Groups   | -   Restitution in Tamba of the study on     |     |     |
|          |     institutionalized fraud                  | 1   |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   CdeC to review how to implement the      | 1   |     |
|          |     recommendations in the evaluation of     |     |     |
|          |     concession hunting in Tamba region       | 1   |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   Regional forum on participatory forestry | 2   |     |
|          |     in Tamba                                 |     |     |
|          |                                              | 1   |     |
|          | -   CdeC to develop an action plan to        |     |     |
|          |     implicate the private sector in the ZIC  | 1   |     |
|          |     wildlife zone of Kédougou                |     |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   Linguère and Kaolack workshops on        |     |     |
|          |     migrant herding                          |     |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   Focus Group in Tamba on good governance  |     |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   RT on cashew in Ziguinchor               |     |     |
+----------+----------------------------------------------+-----+-----+
| National |                                              |     |     |
| level    |                                              |     |     |
| Di       |                                              |     |     |
| scussion |                                              |     |     |
| Foru     |                                              |     |     |
| ms/Round |                                              |     |     |
| Tabl     |                                              |     |     |
| es/CdeC: |                                              |     |     |
+----------+----------------------------------------------+-----+-----+
| Markets  | -   Presentation in Dakar of the sawtimber   | 2   |     |
| /        |     study and the study on                   |     |     |
| Interest |     monitoring/control of harvested forest   | 1   |     |
| Groups   |     products                                 |     |     |
|          |                                              | 1   |     |
|          | -   Established national-level policy        |     |     |
|          |     discussion group on forest management    | 1   |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   Supported the CdeC steering committee on | 1   |     |
|          |     forest fiscality under the DEFCCS        |     |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   Presentation of Jesse Ribot charcoal     |     |     |
|          |     study                                    |     |     |
|          |                                              |     |     |
|          | -   Attended national workshop on            |     |     |
|          |     concession-based hunting                 |     |     |
+----------+----------------------------------------------+-----+-----+
| Cu       |                                              | 38  |     |
| mulative |                                              |     |     |
| total :  |                                              |     |     |
+----------+----------------------------------------------+-----+-----+

![](media/image11.jpeg){width="0.8409722222222222in"
height="0.5701388888888889in"}

Number of Consultative Forums or Round Table discussions and dialogue
among local communities, national and regional offices, and the private
sector that are verifiable and continuous (Result 2 - Policy)

Result 3: Production and dissemination of evaluations, empirical
studies, and analyses on policy that contribute to the proposed reforms

+-----------------+---------------------------------+--------+--------+
| Indicator for   | Number of assessments,          |        |        |
| result 3:       | supporting field studies,       |        |        |
|                 | policy analyses supporting the  |        |        |
|                 | policy component produced and   |        |        |
|                 | disseminated                    |        |        |
+=================+=================================+========+========+
| Target for      | 7                               |        |        |
| 2005-2006 :     |                                 |        |        |
+-----------------+---------------------------------+--------+--------+
| Principal       | Progress achieved               | \#     | \#     |
| Activities      |                                 | t      | o      |
|                 |                                 | argets | ngoing |
|                 |                                 | r      | t      |
|                 |                                 | eached | argets |
+-----------------+---------------------------------+--------+--------+
| Governance      | -   Report on the Tamba         | 1      |        |
|                 |     workshop on governance,     |        |        |
|                 |     extensive grazing, and land |        |        |
|                 |     use planning                |        |        |
+-----------------+---------------------------------+--------+--------+
| Forest          | -   Study on sawtimber          | 1      |        |
| Fiscality       |                                 |        |        |
| (taxation and   | -   Study on forestry sector    | 1      |        |
| revenue system) |     fraud                       |        |        |
|                 |                                 | 1      |        |
|                 | -   Document synthesizing       |        |        |
|                 |     recommendations for the     |        |        |
|                 |     Focus Group on this topic   |        |        |
+-----------------+---------------------------------+--------+--------+
| Cumulative      |                                 | 7      |        |
| total for the   |                                 |        |        |
| year:           |                                 |        |        |
+-----------------+---------------------------------+--------+--------+

![](media/image11.jpeg){width="0.8409722222222222in"
height="0.5701388888888889in"}

Evaluations, empirical studies, and policy analyses produced and
disseminated that contribute to proposed reforms (Result 3 Policy)

Result 4: Development of tools and information systems to support the
Policy Section

+------------------------+-----------------------------+-------+-------+
| Indicator for result   | Number of tools and         |       |       |
| 4:                     | information systems         |       |       |
|                        | developed to support the    |       |       |
|                        | Policy Section              |       |       |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+-------+-------+
| Target for 2005-2006 : | 2                           |       |       |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+-------+-------+
| Principal Activities   | Progress achieved           | \#    | \#    |
|                        |                             | ta    | on    |
|                        |                             | rgets | going |
|                        |                             | re    | ta    |
|                        |                             | ached | rgets |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+-------+-------+
| Reinforcement of the   | -   Training of Cartography | 1     |       |
| Cartography Bureaux at |     Bureaux by CSE in       |       |       |
| the IREFs of           |     Tamba, Kolda and        |       |       |
| Ziguinchor, Kolda and  |     Ziguinchor              |       |       |
| Tambacounda            |                             |       |       |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+-------+-------+
| Information system     | -   TDR written up          |       | 1     |
| provided to DEFCCS     |                             |       |       |
| Management Division    |                             |       |       |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+-------+-------+
| Guide on participatory | -   Temporarily halted      |       | 1     |
| management of forests  |     until later in the      |       |       |
| produced               |     year; TDR written       |       |       |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+-------+-------+
| Cumulative total for   |                             | 1     | 2     |
| the year:              |                             |       |       |
+------------------------+-----------------------------+-------+-------+

![](media/image25.jpeg){width="0.9395833333333333in"
height="0.6666666666666666in"}

Tools and information systems developed in support of the Policy Section
(Result 4 - Policy)

##  Constraints, opportunities, and priorities for the next year 

With the help of the steering committee on forest taxation and revenue
reforms, the two studies programmed on sawtimber and monitoring/control
were completed and presented. Terms of Reference are being drawn up for
a focus group on the subject; the group should come up with a proposal
for decrees on the reform of currently-practiced forest fiscality.

For questions linked to governance, extensive grazing, and land use
planning, consultants have already been selected to conduct an in-depth
diagnosis in two Rural Communities (Koulor and Missirah) based on
results from a workshop held in Tambakounda. Once this diagnosis is
completed, training modules and technical assistance will be provided in
the Koulor and Missirah; the modules will be evaluated and applied in
three other RC (Sinthiou Malème, Saré Bidji et Sakar). Considering the
amount of time remaining in the program, this strategy will permit WN to
support the five RCs concerned in a practical way, leaving repeatable
models for intervention on decentralized management of natural resource
management.

#  CROSSCUTTING ACTIVITIES

The three technical sections of the program were supported by certain
crosscutting activities: coordination and management; small grants;
training and literacy classes; and
Monitoring-Evaluation-Restitution-Analysis. None of these components
directly targets the contractual results of Wula Nafaa, but they
contribute in a global way to the achievement of these results. The
following subchapters describe the most important achievements of each
crosscutting activity.

##  Coordination and management

The year 2005-2006 has been characterized by significant advances in the
technical sections of WN, especially as regards forest management and
improvement of the market chains of products supported by WN. Thus we
have reinforced administrative staff with accounting and secretarial
trainees.

Weekly planning meetings, thematic technical meetings, and staff
participation in facilitator's planning meetings have all helped to
better coordinate activities.

This year for the first time, the annual General Assembly was held in
Ziguinchor, which allowed most of the staff to discover this beautiful
region. While the objective of the 2005 assembly was to have the new
Team Leader explain his new vision for the program and how to achieve
its goals, this year's assembly had the objective of evaluating progress
on achieving the goals and adjusting the program appropriately. The
assembly was a success in terms of validating the significant advances
made in previous problem areas, particularly in the development of
forest management plans, facilitator coordination, and synergy between
program sections.

In terms of the facilitators, true progress has been documented in field
activities, supported by better collaboration with the Forest Service
and other government technical agencies. Changes have been made in their
distribution and coordination, due to some of them resigning or
contracts ending with 2005, and due to new recruits. Three new
facilitators were recruited since 17 January 2006: One was sent to
Kédougou (Dénifello); one to Kolda (Niagha); and one to Dakar (as a
support to the Economic Benefits component).

The Tambacounda facilitators renewed their contracts for another two
years (CDD which ends 17 July 2007) and those in Kolda renewed for one
year (CDD which ends 21 July 2007). This is a result partly of the legal
code and partly of the length of the WN program. On this note, WN
administration is considering the best formula to adopt when contracts
reach their end date and in relation to the length of the program.

As for the synergy between program sections, in addition to the positive
results obtained from activities in the managed zones, WN foresees
setting up pilot or model management sites in five Communautés Rurales,
based on good governance, optimum land use (which includes forest
management, local conventions, and market chain development), and proper
pasture management.

**General Assembly of 26 and 27 July 2006 at Ziguinchor**

The 2006 General Assembly held at Ziguinchor was a true success as
recognized by all participants, owing to the richness of the program,
the seriousness and variety of the many broad debates, the smart conduct
of different presenters, and the excellent logistics.

Participants were required to present the current status of their part
of the WN program, and provide:

-   an evaluation of the previous assembly;

-   an evaluation of the procedural manual;

-   an evaluation of the "new" vision of the program;

-   suggestions on the process of establishing Local Conventions.

Then, while emphasizing our achievements, the difficulties we encounter,
and immediate challenges, we launched ourselves into the near future
where we discerned the main points for the Annual Workplan of 2007 and
beyond.

Social interactions that are inherent to any enterprise did not lack at
the meeting. In addition, recommendations were made on medical care of
employees (IPM), work conditions (worn-out equipment), and reinforcing
the solidarity of "The Team".

![](media/image36.jpeg){width="3.0in" height="1.6388888888888888in"}
![](media/image37.jpeg){width="2.513888888888889in"
height="1.7638888888888888in"}

Intense moments both of reflection and of relaxation at Wula Nafaa's
General Assembly

##  Small grant funds

The small grant fund was conceived to complement the different
components in the execution of their target-oriented activities.
Grant-financed activities must be sustainable, so that they will
eventually become self-financing from their own resulting revenue
increases. This is why most grants have been for studies, research and
institutional support.

Since subsidies can also serve as collateral, the program is in the
process of finalizing agreements with the Caisse Nationale de Crédit
Agricole du Sénégal (CNCAS) and the Crédit Mutuel du Sénégal (CMS) for
putting a credit system in place with these funds. While waiting for
this formal agreement to start, WN has facilitated a reimbursable fund
that will allow recipients to prepare for their requests.

The activities that received grants this year are:

1)  Three computers and a printer for the inventory and mapping offices
    of the IREFs in Tamba, Kolda, and Ziguinchor;

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
66) Training and purchase of materials for tree nurseries and seeds for
    regeneration of forest species in market chains treated in the WN
    program (Koussanar, Malème Niani, Missirah; Salémata, Dakately,
    Saraya);

67) Research on the processing, preparation, and packaging of local
    products for export sales by the GIE of Jeunes Filles Entrepreneuses
    (Young Girls' Entrepreneuses) in Kaolack;

68) A market study on palm oil by the association Action Sud de
    Ziguinchor, a Round Table on cashew, a feasibility study on
    touloukouna oil and one for sawtimber, a study and a training on
    processing nététou, and a seed training for Ziguinchor facilitators;

69) The processing unit for baobab and jujube for the GiE Gadafaro in
    Koussanar;

70) The drafting of a strategy for the promotion and sale of ténéra palm
    to plant in Ziguinchor region;

71) A Study on the sighting of a constructed processing unit and the
    training of GIE Maria Distribution personnel following HACCP
    guidelines;

72) A loan for the association of cashew processors to buy nuts from
    producers; and

73) A construction project at the IREF of Ziguinchor to house and secure
    the inventory and mapping office.

The main event for the grant program this year was a visit by the
program manager from Washington, D.C. The following subjects were
discussed:

-   Planning for the foreseeable demands of the program so that the
    budget could be reorganized and

-   Making legal documentation on grant subsidies available.

In summary, small grant activity was oriented toward partnering with the
technical services and assuring regeneration favoring forest products
targeted by WN. The program prefers to use the reimbursable or rolling
funds when it comes to familiarizing grantees/clients with credit
practices that will soon be in place at commercial institutions to
assist them with long-term commercial activities.

##  Training and communication

###  Training

Capacity-building of local stakeholders, beneficiaries, and technical
service partners has been a "permanent" activity of Wula Nafaa in 2006.
The importance of this activity is due to several reasons. First,
putting in place a stepwise process for writing Local Conventions and
management plans in several local partner communities must be supported
by a long term input by local stakeholders and technical services.
Second, the enterprises taken under the wing of WN have begun to ramp up
their production and marketing, which requires a continual upgrading of
skills to increase supply and competitiveness. Finally, the WN
facilitators themselves need occasional training so that they may keep
up the vital technical assistance that WN provides to beneficiaries.

This is part of the "new vision" defined by the new management team,
with clear terms of reference for the training component head: training
is now to be a part of all capacity-building activities of WN both
before and after activities are implemented. Modules used are now to be
well-defined and of high quality. A systematic check is made of the
quality of training provided by facilitators and hired specialists.

An important innovation introduced this year was to develop the year's
training needs directly from the 2005-2006 workplan. This provided a
strategic guide for capacity building that fit perfectly into the Rights
and Responsibilities and the Economic Benefits components. The specific
activities carried out are listed in Annex 3. In addition to these,
other training activities took place as facilitators transferred
technical skills that were then repeated among enterprise group members
themselves.

Facilitators worked together with local partners in preparing and
organizing training activities. In some cases, enterprise network
members provided their own office materials for training sessions, thus
maintaining a self-perpetuation aspect to the skills acquired. Whenever
possible, local expertise has been used and this has maintained positive
partnerships.

Experiences with the Forest Service, PROGEDE project, the GIE undergoing
literacy training, CAM Partners of Kolda and Action Sud of Bignona have
been mutually beneficial. This partnering strategy should continue as
the participants have felt motivated and recognized after it.

The training component has assisted with the WN-organized round table
forums, workshops, and focus group activities wherein topics and
challenges in natural resource management were discussed.

#### Looking ahead to 2007 {#looking-ahead-to-2007 .unnumbered}

Two themes will orient the strategy for the coming year:

-   reinforcement and consolidation of knowledge and skills acquired by
    clients, and

-   documentation of training models used so that producers and
    enterprise networks as well as management committees, elected
    officials, decision-makers, and other stakeholders can adapt the
    same materials to other cases on their own.

The next pilot activity with program partners will be to integrate good
governance, pasturing issues, and land use issues at the level of 5
local collectivities. It will be an opportunity to develop methods for
resolving many issues common to other collectivities as well.

###  Communication

A lack of communication can be the cause of conflict and
misunderstanding when the program tries to implement activities in
partner local collectivities. This has motivated WN to ensure a strategy
for achieving and maintaining good information networks with its
partners.

WN collaborated well with the press in all its activity zones, which
allowed regular media coverage throughout Senegal in the form of radio
emissions, television files, and newspaper articles. This indeed
contributed toward avoiding misunderstandings in project areas. For
example, in Missirah's charcoal production zone, where the
implementation of management activities had divided the Forest Service,
the Rural Council, and the producers so badly that they no longer
understood each other, WN sponsored the press to relay information
through a forum that allowed each party to explain itself and finally to
reach consensus on resource exploitation.

Another example was in the wildlife zone of Falémé, where a WN-sponsored
workshop on the poor state of the zone was brought to the attention of
local villages and national decision-makers.

Fonio promotion was assisted by public information provided by WN.

WN has benefited from a formal protocol that exists between Senegalese
television RTS and the IREFs in Tamba and Ziguinchor. This relationship
was used to keep villagers and elected persons up to date on process
during the drafting of various Local Conventions and management plans.
The lack of a protocol between RTS and the IREF of Kolda has cooled
press coverage of Saré Bidji activity.

Details of the year's activities are presented in Annex 3.

#### Looking ahead to 2007 {#looking-ahead-to-2007-1 .unnumbered}

WN will continue to translate and disseminate laws and management tools
into local language. Also it will produce a televised documentary on the
activities and achievements of WN focusing on enterprises and management
plans for Koulor and Saré Bidji. The rapport with USAID and the Ministry
of Environment will be consulted to conform to their methods of
reporting, since it will reflect on their roles as well.

**Literacy training: an unavoidable step in the design of sustainable
development**

Wula Nafaa has always kept in mind the sustainability and durability of
its activities. This goal can only be reached by providing a functional
literacy course to those of its beneficiaries who are basically unable
to read well and do business math. The course leads producers to better
master the production, processing, and marketing techniques of forest
products; it also enables them to better draw up and implement the Local
Conventions and forest management plans.

![](media/image38.jpeg){width="2.5833333333333335in"
height="1.9375in"}Initiated in the 2003-2004 workplan, literacy training
had not completely reached its goals. It is only in the most recent
workplan that a clear plan of action and goals have been set. The new
strategy has resulted in training 106 network members and the 27
facilitators in Tamba and Kolda in simple techniques of administrative
management and accounting for enterprises. The task of the training
component is to put these courses into pulaar, mandingue, and the other
most common languages of the zones of WN, based on the modules
denominated as "GERME" (Gérer Mieux votre Entreprise, or "Better Manage
your Business").

Concrete results have been achieved; now network members can correctly
maintain their administrative documents, calculate costs, and sign
protocols and contracts in local languages. These tools will remain even
after the end of WN program.

This activity will be extended to local elected officers by the
translation and distribution of natural resource management tools in
local languages, thus making it more likely to be adopted by
stakeholders.

##   {#section .unnumbered}

## Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting, and Analysis

This MERA component has targeted two series of major activities: (1)
continuing to monitor in Tambakounda and Kolda; starting monitoring in
Ziguinchor; and (2) assuring that certain activities are properly
analyzed and reported back to stakeholders.

###  Monitoring - Evaluation activities in the regions of Tamba, Kolda, and Ziguinchor

As planned, the MERA manual and some of the data collection sheets were
revised. Facilitators were updated on MERA activities, especially on how
to fill in the new data sheets.

After recruiting new facilitators for Ziguinchor, and before the intense
phase of initiating activity, the MERA system was installed. The new
facilitators were trained in their roles, using the manual developed for
MERA, the data collection sheets, the socioeconomic questionnaire, a
session of collecting information in the field, and a quality control
component which involved visiting each and every facilitator (except the
one in Dakar). Besides verifying data collected, it has been necessary
to adjust the methods used to collect them and to harmonize the method
among the three zones.

###  Analysis and Reporting activities

Several important activities fall under this heading including those
that support the management and reporting for the entire program. For
this year:

-   Reviewed the MERA manual and the information collection sheets

-   Improved the timing and delivery of WN reports thanks to a close
    collaboration between the MERA component and other components

-   With help from CSE, supported the Rights and Responsibilities
    Component as it developed large-scale maps for classified and
    community forests where it is active (Tendouck, Boutolate,
    Diégoune\[Ziguinchor\]); Saré Bidji \[Kolda\])

-   Trained the mapping and inventory units of the IREFs with help from
    CSE

-   Supported the Rights and Responsibilities Component with
    socio-economic studies and their analysis for forest management
    plans

-   Analyzed a part of the household surveys for Kolda

# Annex 1. Documents produced in the year  {#annex-1.-documents-produced-in-the-year .unnumbered}

**Economic Benefits**

-   Evaluation of the potential for Wula Nafaa to intervene in the
    ecotourism sector in Tambakounda

-   Agreement protocol between WN and the Caisse Nationale de Crédit
    Agricole du Sénégal (CNCAS)

-   Intern's report on the potential to market Thatch/Hay in Kédougou
    and Sédhiou/ Balla Danfakha

-   Training report on the creation and administration of a website with
    the CMS Mambo, DFI

-   Report on the round table on cashew by Ousseynou Sané

-   Report on beeswax by Souleye Cissé

**Rights and Responsibilities**

-   Agreement protocol between WN and the IREFs of Tamba, Kolda, and
    Ziguinchor for forest management in these regions

-   Agreement protocol between WN, the IREF of Tambakounda, and the
    Rural Community of Missirah to work in the Zone of Controlled
    Production (ZPC)

-   Animation guide for writing the Local Convention

-   The Wula Nafaa approach to natural resource management

-   Strategy for putting tree nurseries in place

-   Strategy for writing forest management plans

**Policy**

-   Policy notes for the USAID director (concession-based hunting and
    access to the national Forestry Fund; Malcolm Marks, Oct. 2005)

-   Synthesis of the workshop on proposed ideas to implement
    recommendations of the study on concession-based hunting (by Valence
    Manga, Nov. 2005)

-   Forum on participatory forest management, Tambakounda (by Djibi Ka,
    Nov. 2005)

-   Proposal for a strategy for managing and implementing the next
    concessions in Senegal

-   Development of a consensual accord on elements of forest fiscality
    and a good organization of forest exploitation in Senegal

-   Study on Zone d'Intérêt Cynégetique ZIC, by Suzanne Ganon of the US
    Forest Service team

-   Forest Fiscality report by Alpha Djigo and Ndoffene Diouf

-   Report on the workshop on governance, herding, and land use planning
    in Tambakounda, by Suzanne Ganon

-   Study on monitoring, oversight, and control of forest exploitation,
    by Alpha Djigo

-   Study on the market chain for sawtimber - to reform the status quo
    of forest fiscality in Senegal, by Alassane Ngom, Coumba Ndoffene
    Diouf, and Gerry Groesnick

**MERA**

-   Analysis of the household survey questionnaires in Kolda: Sources
    and amounts of household income (draft)

# Annex 2. Progress on local conventions  {#annex-2.-progress-on-local-conventions .unnumbered}

![](media/image39.jpeg){width="3.663779527559055in"
height="2.7866141732283465in"}![](media/image40.jpeg){width="2.8570866141732285in"
height="2.4263779527559057in"}![](media/image41.jpeg){width="3.6874015748031495in"
height="2.6181102362204722in"}![](media/image42.jpeg){width="2.6562992125984253in"
height="2.1653543307086616in"}

# Annex 3. Training and Communication  {#annex-3.-training-and-communication .unnumbered}

**COMMUNITY TRAINING**

+-----------+----+------+-----+--------+-------+----+--------------+
| Training  | D  | P    | C   | Partic | Tra   | Ou | Results;     |
| topics    | at | lace | om- | ipants | iners | tp | Quality      |
|           | es |      | pon |        |       | ut |              |
|           |    |      | ent |        |       |    |              |
+-----------+----+------+-----+--------+-------+----+--------------+
| Forest    | 22 | K    | RR  | 60     | Di    | Re | Guards have  |
| guards of |  - | ouss |     | guards | bocor | po | mastered     |
| the CIVD  | 24 | anar |     |        | and   | rt | their roles  |
| of        | Ja |      |     |        | M     |    | and          |
| Koussanar | n. |      |     |        | alang |    | resp         |
| and       | 06 |      |     |        |       |    | onsibilities |
| Sinthiou  |    |      |     |        |       |    |              |
| Malème    |    |      |     |        |       |    |              |
+-----------+----+------+-----+--------+-------+----+--------------+
| Literacy  | 1  | T    | EB  | 106    | GIE   | Re | Network      |
| for       | 7- | amba |     | partic | EDOA  | po | members have |
| members   | 28 |      |     | ipants | for   | rt | mastered     |
| of        | A  | K    |     |        | Ta    |    | management   |
| network   | pr | olda |     | 3      | mba ; |    | and          |
| en        | il |      |     | 1women |       |    | accounting   |
| terprises | 06 | Kédo |     |        | GIE   |    | techniques   |
|           |    | ugou |     | 75 men | Ch    |    | in local     |
|           |    |      |     |        | âteau |    | language     |
|           |    |      |     |        | d'Eau |    |              |
|           |    |      |     |        | for   |    |              |
|           |    |      |     |        | Ko    |    |              |
|           |    |      |     |        | lda ; |    |              |
|           |    |      |     |        |       |    |              |
|           |    |      |     |        | GIE   |    |              |
|           |    |      |     |        | E     |    |              |
|           |    |      |     |        | GNIRE |    |              |
|           |    |      |     |        | for   |    |              |
|           |    |      |     |        | Kéd   |    |              |
|           |    |      |     |        | ougou |    |              |
+-----------+----+------+-----+--------+-------+----+--------------+
| Charcoal  | 6- | Ko   | RR  | 25     | C     | Re | Producers    |
| p         | 25 | ulor | and | pro    | hérif | po | can make     |
| roducers: | Ju |      | EB  | ducers | Keita | rt | charcoal in  |
| Casamance | ne |      |     |        | of    |    | a Casamance  |
| kiln      | 06 |      |     |        | R     |    | kiln         |
|           |    |      |     |        | OGEDE |    |              |
+-----------+----+------+-----+--------+-------+----+--------------+

**FACILITATOR AND TECHNICAL SERVICES TRAINING**

+--------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+--------+------------+
| Tr     | Da  | P    | C   | Partic | T       | Output | Results;   |
| aining | tes | lace | om- | ipants | rainers |        | Quality    |
| topics |     |      | pon |        |         |        |            |
|        |     |      | ent |        |         |        |            |
+========+=====+======+=====+========+=========+========+============+
| "      | 17  | K    | EB  | Facili | Groupe  | Report | A support  |
| GERME" | -22 | olda |     | tators | Cam     |        | to         |
| (bu    | O   |      |     | of     | p       |        | e          |
| siness | cto |      |     | Kolda  | artners |        | nterprises |
| mgmt)  | ber |      |     |        |         |        |            |
|        | 05  |      |     |        |         |        |            |
+--------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+--------+------------+
| Steps  | 12  | Zi   | D/R | Facili | WN team |        | A good     |
| to     | au  | guin |     | tators |         |        | und        |
| write  | 14  | chor |     | de     |         |        | erstanding |
| a      | O   |      |     | Zigu   |         |        | of the     |
| local  | cto |      |     | inchor |         |        | steps by   |
| conv   | ber |      |     |        |         |        | fa         |
| ention | 05  |      |     |        |         |        | cilitators |
|        |     |      |     |        |         |        | and chefs  |
|        |     |      |     |        |         |        | de Brigade |
|        |     |      |     |        |         |        | Forest     |
|        |     |      |     |        |         |        | Service    |
+--------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+--------+------------+
| Ref    | 2   | T    | Sm  | Facili | Head of | Report | A better   |
| resher | O   | amba | all | tators | WN      |        | und        |
| course | ct. |      | gra | of     | small   |        | erstanding |
| on new | 05  |      | nts | Tamba  | grants  |        | of the     |
| grant  |     |      |     |        | unit    |        | strategy   |
| policy |     |      |     |        |         |        | of WN for  |
|        |     |      |     |        |         |        | small      |
|        |     |      |     |        |         |        | grants     |
+--------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+--------+------------+
| Ref    | 13  | Kédo | ME  | Facili | M       | Fo     | Fa         |
| resher | -16 | ugou | RA/ | tators | alcolm/ | llowup | cilitators |
| course | O   |      |     | of     | Sadio   | /moni  | informed   |
| on     | cto |      | Pol | Ké     |         | toring | of MERA    |
| MERA   | ber |      | icy | dougou |         | forms  | matters    |
|        | 05  |      |     |        |         | u      | and        |
|        |     |      |     |        |         | pdated | updates    |
+--------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+--------+------------+
| Ref    | 18  | K    | SE  | Facili | Malcol  | Fo     | Fa         |
| resher | -22 | olda | RA/ | tators | m/Sadio | llowup | cilitators |
| course | O   |      | Pol | of     |         | /moni  | informed   |
| on     | cto |      | icy | Kolda  |         | toring | of MERA    |
| MERA   | ber |      |     |        |         | forms  | matters    |
|        | 05  |      |     |        |         | u      | and        |
|        |     |      |     |        |         | pdated | updates    |
+--------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+--------+------------+
| Ref    | 26  | Zi   | SE  | Facili | M       | Fo     | Fa         |
| resher | -30 | guin | RA/ | tators | alcolm/ | llowup | cilitators |
| course | O   | chor | Pol | of     | Sadio   | /moni  | have the   |
| on     | cto |      | icy | Zigu   |         | toring | info and   |
| MERA   | ber |      |     | inchor |         | forms  | tools      |
|        | 05  |      |     |        |         | u      | needed for |
|        |     |      |     |        |         | pdated | proper     |
|        |     |      |     |        |         |        | data       |
|        |     |      |     |        |         |        | collection |
+--------+-----+------+-----+--------+---------+--------+------------+

**FACILITATOR AND TECHNICAL SERVICES TRAINING continued**

+--------+------+-----+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----------+
| Tr     | D    | Pl  | Com-   | Part     | Tra   | Out | Results;  |
| aining | ates | ace | ponent | icipants | iners | put | Quality   |
| topics |      |     |        |          |       |     |           |
+--------+------+-----+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----------+
| Fo     | 7-17 | Ta  | MERA   | Agents   | Samba | Rep | Agents    |
| restry | Dece | mba |        | of       | Ndao  | ort | learned   |
| agents | mber |     |        | Forest   | of    |     | mapping   |
| get    | 05   |     |        | Service  | CSE   |     | t         |
| m      |      |     |        | in       |       |     | echniques |
| apping |      |     |        | Zig      |       |     | in GIS to |
| tr     |      |     |        | uinchor, |       |     | support   |
| aining |      |     |        | Kolda    |       |     | WN        |
|        |      |     |        | and      |       |     | a         |
|        |      |     |        | Tam      |       |     | ctivities |
|        |      |     |        | bakounda |       |     | and       |
|        |      |     |        |          |       |     | others    |
+--------+------+-----+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----------+
| Tr     | 1    | Ta  | RR     | 15       | Chef  | Rep | Fac       |
| aining | 7-20 | mba |        | facil    | se    | ort | ilitators |
| of     | Jan. |     |        | itators, | cteur | t   | and       |
| tr     | 06   |     |        |          | of    | and | agents    |
| ainers |      |     |        | 9 chefs  | Kéd   | fo  | can now   |
| for    |      |     |        | de       | ougou | rms | carry out |
| forest |      |     |        | brigades | and   |     | their own |
| guards |      |     |        | (Forest  | M     |     | training  |
|        |      |     |        | S        | alang |     | sessions  |
|        |      |     |        | ervice), | M     |     |           |
|        |      |     |        |          | ballo |     |           |
|        |      |     |        | 4        |       |     |           |
|        |      |     |        | con      |       |     |           |
|        |      |     |        | seillers |       |     |           |
+--------+------+-----+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----------+
| Facili | Feb. | Ko  | EB     | Faci     | G     | Rep | Fac       |
| tators | 06   | lda |        | litators | roupe | ort | ilitators |
| t      |      |     |        | Sédhiou  | Cam   |     | know the  |
| rained |      |     |        | zone     | pa    |     | p         |
| in     |      |     |        |          | rtner |     | rocedures |
| cashew |      |     |        |          |       |     | for       |
| proc   |      |     |        |          |       |     | p         |
| essing |      |     |        |          |       |     | rocessing |
|        |      |     |        |          |       |     | cashew    |
+--------+------+-----+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----------+
| Tr     | 6-   | Ta  | Coordi | Faci     | D     | Rep | New       |
| aining | 11   | mba | nation | litator/ | jiré/ | ort | fac       |
| of new | Feb. |     | Facili | Dakar,   | Ka    |     | ilitators |
| facili | 06   |     | tators |          |       |     | know WN   |
| tators |      |     |        | Faci     |       |     | and their |
|        |      |     |        | litator/ |       |     | roles and |
|        |      |     |        | Niagha,  |       |     | respons   |
|        |      |     |        |          |       |     | ibilities |
|        |      |     |        | Faci     |       |     |           |
|        |      |     |        | litator/ |       |     |           |
|        |      |     |        | Cokoye   |       |     |           |
+--------+------+-----+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----------+
| Facili | 1    | Ta  | Tr     | 16       | GIE   | Rep | Fac       |
| tators | 1-14 | mba | aining | faci     | EDOA  | ort | ilitators |
| t      | July |     | com    | litators |       |     | fam       |
| rained | 06   |     | ponent |          |       |     | iliarized |
| in     |      |     |        |          |       |     | with      |
| li     |      |     |        |          |       |     | writing   |
| teracy |      |     |        |          |       |     | and       |
| in     |      |     |        |          |       |     | a         |
| local  |      |     |        |          |       |     | ccounting |
| lan    |      |     |        |          |       |     | in local  |
| guages |      |     |        |          |       |     | languages |
| of     |      |     |        |          |       |     |           |
| Tamba  |      |     |        |          |       |     |           |
| and    |      |     |        |          |       |     |           |
| Ké     |      |     |        |          |       |     |           |
| dougou |      |     |        |          |       |     |           |
+--------+------+-----+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----------+
| Facili | 2    | Ko  | Tr     | 16       | GIE   | Rep | Fac       |
| tators | 2-26 | lda | aining | faci     | Ch    | ort | ilitators |
| t      | Aug. |     | com    | litators | âteau |     | fam       |
| rained | 06   |     | ponent |          | d'Eau |     | iliarized |
| in     |      |     |        |          |       |     | with      |
| li     |      |     |        |          |       |     | writing   |
| teracy |      |     |        |          |       |     | and       |
| in     |      |     |        |          |       |     | a         |
| local  |      |     |        |          |       |     | ccounting |
| lan    |      |     |        |          |       |     | in local  |
| guages |      |     |        |          |       |     | languages |
| of     |      |     |        |          |       |     |           |
| Kolda  |      |     |        |          |       |     |           |
+--------+------+-----+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----------+
| Facili | 29   | B   | EB     | 3        | A     | Rep | Fac       |
| tators | Au   | ign |        | faci     | ction | ort | ilitators |
| t      | g. - | ona |        | litators | Sud   |     | have      |
| rained | 5    |     |        | from     | Bi    |     | mastered  |
| in     | S    |     |        | Zig      | gnona |     | mgmt      |
| GERME  | ept. |     |        | uinchor, |       |     | t         |
| in     | 06   |     |        |          |       |     | echniques |
| Zigu   |      |     |        | 1 from   |       |     | for small |
| inchor |      |     |        | Kolda,   |       |     | en        |
|        |      |     |        |          |       |     | terprises |
|        |      |     |        | 1 from   |       |     | and are   |
|        |      |     |        | K        |       |     | able to   |
|        |      |     |        | édougou, |       |     | advise    |
|        |      |     |        |          |       |     | producer  |
|        |      |     |        | 1 from   |       |     | networks  |
|        |      |     |        | Tamba, 1 |       |     |           |
|        |      |     |        | from     |       |     |           |
|        |      |     |        |          |       |     |           |
|        |      |     |        | Dakar    |       |     |           |
+--------+------+-----+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----------+

**STAFF TRAINING**

  ---------- -------- ------- ------------ -------------- ---------- ----------------
  Training   Dates    Place   Com-ponent   Participants   Trainers   Results; Quality
  topics                                                             

  Computer   Jan. and Tamba   MERA         Staff WN       Ndao and   Better
  use        Feb. 06                                      Sadio      maintenance of
                                                                     our computers

  Driver     12 Dec.  Tamba   Training     WN drivers     Mr Sarr    Better upkeep of
  training   05                                                      vehicle docs;
                                                                     supports admin
  ---------- -------- ------- ------------ -------------- ---------- ----------------

**COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES 2005-2006**

+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+
| **ACTIVITY**  | **  | *        | **ACTORS      | **RESULT /IMPACT** |
|               | DAT | *PLACE** | /P            |                    |
|               | E** |          | ARTICIPANTS** |                    |
+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+
| Update of WN  | A   | Dakar    | COP and team  | Program has a good |
| brochure      | ug. | and      |               | face to present to |
|               | 05  | Tamba    |               | the public         |
+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+
| Radio         | 17  | RTS      | DCOP, IREF,   | Positive           |
| emission on   | A   | Zi       | Responsible   | information for    |
| the launch of | ug. | guinchor | for           | listeners on the   |
| activities in | 05  |          | c             | objectives and     |
| Ziguinchor    |     |          | ommunication, | approach of WN     |
|               |     |          | Responsible   |                    |
|               |     |          | for           | (cassette          |
|               |     |          | Marketing,    | available)         |
|               |     |          |               |                    |
|               |     |          | Facilitators, |                    |
|               |     |          | Coordination  |                    |
|               |     |          | facilitators  |                    |
+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+
| Radio         | 12  | RTS      | DCOP, IREF,   | People informed    |
| emission on   | D   | Tamba    | Responsible   | about bush fires   |
| bush fires in | ec. |          | R/R           | and how to fight   |
| Tamba         | 05  |          | component,    | them as well as    |
|               |     |          |               | the rules that     |
|               |     |          | Responsible   | apply to early     |
|               |     |          | C             | burning            |
|               |     |          | ommunication, |                    |
|               |     |          |               | (cassette          |
|               |     |          | Présidents of | available)         |
|               |     |          | Environment   |                    |
|               |     |          | Commissions   |                    |
|               |     |          | of Koulor and |                    |
|               |     |          | Koussanar,    |                    |
|               |     |          |               |                    |
|               |     |          | Assistant to  |                    |
|               |     |          | facilitators  |                    |
|               |     |          | of Tamba      |                    |
+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+
| Support to    | 24J | K        | Forest        | Photos taken of    |
| the head of   | an. | oussanar | guards,       | guards' work for   |
| Communication | 06  | and      | Facilitators  | better resource    |
| at USAID for  |     | surr     |               | and pasture        |
| taking photos |     | oundings |               | management         |
| of forest     |     |          |               |                    |
| guard         |     |          |               |                    |
| activities    |     |          |               |                    |
+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+
| Press         | 23  | RTS      | Stakeholders  | A better-informed  |
| coverage of   | F   | Zi       | in the        | populace           |
| meeting on    | eb. | guinchor | drafting of   |                    |
| drawing up    | 06  |          | the local     |                    |
| rules at      |     |          | convention of |                    |
| Mangagoulak   |     |          | Mangagoulak   |                    |
+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+
| Press         | 1^  | RTS      | Mission USA,  | National opinion   |
| coverage of   | er^ | Tamba    | DEFCCS, Wula  | is better informed |
| meeting on    | M   |          | Nafa          | of the situation   |
| the wildlife  | ar. | W        |               | in the ZIC         |
| zone in       | 06  | alfadjri | Collectivités |                    |
| Kédougou      |     | K        | locales,      |                    |
|               |     | édougou, | interested    |                    |
|               |     | Dunya    | parties       |                    |
|               |     | Kédougou |               |                    |
+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+
| Press         | 5   | RTS      | All           | Widely-spread      |
| coverage of   | M   | Tamba    | stakeholders  | information on the |
| meeting on    | ar. |          | in the ZPC    | ZPC and resolution |
| the ZPC of    | 06  | W        |               | of the lack of     |
| Missirah      |     | alfadjri |               | communication      |
|               |     | Tamba    |               | between producers, |
|               |     |          |               | Rural Council, and |
|               |     | BBC      |               | Forest Service     |
|               |     |          |               |                    |
|               |     | Sud FM   |               |                    |
|               |     | Tamba    |               |                    |
+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+
| Press         | 27  | RTS      | Members of    | People are better  |
| coverage of   | A   | Kolda    | networks, WN  | informed of their  |
| meeting at    | pr. |          | heads of      | impacts of         |
| the end of    | 06  |          | components    | training that can  |
| literacy      |     |          |               | end up as drops of |
| training in   |     |          |               | oil                |
| Kolda         |     |          |               |                    |
+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+
| Press         | 23J | RTS      | Producers,    | Techniques of the  |
| coverage of   | un. | Tamba    | Conseil       | kiln are more      |
| training on   | 06  |          | Rural, WN,    | widely known       |
| charcoal      |     |          | IREF          |                    |
| production    |     |          |               |                    |
+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+
| Press         | 30  | RTS      | Trainers,     | People are         |
| coverage by   | A   | Zi       | participants, | informed of the    |
| RTS           | ug. | guinchor | and head of   | objective of the   |
| Ziguinchor of | 06  |          | information   | training and how   |
| GERME         |     | c        | component     | it affects their   |
| training      |     | ommunity |               | enterprises        |
|               |     | Radio of |               |                    |
|               |     | Bignona  |               |                    |
+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+
| Press         | 7-8 | RTS      | Lo            | People are better  |
| coverage of   | Se  | Zi       | cally-elected | informed of the    |
| meetings on   | pt. | guinchor | reps,         | positive impact    |
| sy            | 06  |          | population,   | the local          |
| nchronization |     |          | technical     | convention can     |
| of local      |     |          | services,     | have on natural    |
| conventions   |     |          | facilitators  | resources          |
| in Tenghory/  |     |          |               |                    |
| Diègoune      |     |          |               |                    |
+---------------+-----+----------+---------------+--------------------+

# Annex 4. Indicators Revised May 2006 {#annex-4.-indicators-revised-may-2006 .unnumbered}

**Community Benefits Output Targets and Indicators**

  ------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----------------
  Contract Result Indicators           Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 **Total**[^10]

  1\. Number of new or existing        0      300    400    500    400    **1600**
  NR-based enterprises that show                                          
  increased, measurable revenues in                                       
  areas targeted by the AG/NRM program                                    
  (50% of group enterprises assisted)                                     

  2\. Number of new or existing        0      300    400    500    400    **1600**
  non-traditional agriculture based                                       
  enterprises that show increased,                                        
  measurable revenues in areas                                            
  targeted by the AG/NRM program (50%                                     
  of group enterprises assisted)                                          

  3\. Number of new or existing NR or  0      5      45     50     50     **150**
  NTA based enterprises in areas                                          
  targeted by the AG/NRM program that                                     
  show increased, measurable revenues                                     
  AND have applied training to develop                                    
  business plans and marketing                                            
  strategies, adopted improved                                            
  production, harvesting or                                               
  value-added processing techniques,                                      
  or negotiated joint ventures with                                       
  external partners.                                                      

  4\. Number of enterprise groups      0      400    400    400    200    **1400**
  benefiting from initial training by                                     
  the facilitators.                                                       

  5\. Cumulative number of enterprise  0      800    1800   2800   3400   **3400**
  groups assisted by the program                                          

  6\. Number of market surveys and     2      6      4      4      4      **20**
  studies to identify potentially                                         
  marketable AG/NRM products.                                             

  7\. No. of grading schemes and       0      4      4      4      4      **16**
  value-added processes developed to                                      
  increase producer revenue/income per                                    
  unit production.                                                        

  8\. Level of revenues earned by      0      100%   175%   225%   250%   **250%**
  assisted group enterprises                                              

  9\. Volumes marketed by assisted     10%    20%    30%    40%    50%    **50%**
  group enterprises                                                       
  ------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----------------

**NRM Rights and Responsibilities Output Targets and Indicators**

  ------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------------
  Contract Result           Year        Year        Year        Year        Year        **Total**[^11]
  Indicators                2003-2004   2004-2005   2005-2006   2006-2007   2007-2008   

  1\. Increased number of   150         450         900         1500        2000        **2000**
  communities/CBOs that                                                                 
  have undertaken                                                                       
  community-led activities                                                              
  to increase productivity                                                              
  of NR sustainably                                                                     

  2\. Number of             0           0           7           7           0           **14**
  communities/CBOs that                                                                 
  have engaged in formal                                                                
  co-management                                                                         
  relationships (joint                                                                  
  ventures, etc.) with                                                                  
  actors and institutions                                                               
  external to the community                                                             
  to increase productivity                                                              
  of NR sustainably                                                                     

  3\. Number of hectares    0           0           1,791,839   1,277,967   0           **3,069,806**
  that are covered by                                                                   
  legally recognized                                                                    
  community managed                                                                     
  sustainable NRM plans                                                                 
  (Conventions Locales)                                                                 

  4\. Number of hectares    0           0           0           80,859      18,392      **99,251**
  that are covered by                                                                   
  legally recognized Forest                                                             
  Management Plans                                                                      

  5\. Number of communities 8           22          25          25          10          **90**
  receiving training in NR                                                              
  monitoring, enforcement                                                               
  of local codes and                                                                    
  conflict management                                                                   

  6\. Number of             0           0           7           17          0           **24**
  communities/CBOs that                                                                 
  have developed CBNRM                                                                  
  plans, protocols,                                                                     
  agreements and local                                                                  
  codes governing access,                                                               
  use and protection of NR                                                              

  7\. Resource assessment   0           1           2           2           1           **6**
  and Mapping/GIS                                                                       
  capabilities strengthened                                                             
  at the regional level                                                                 
  ------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------------

**Policy Output Targets and Indicators**

  ----------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------------
  Contract Result Indicators    Year        Year        Year        Year        Year        **Total**[^12]
                                2003-2004   2004-2005   2005-2006   2006-2007   2007-2008   

  1\. Reduced legal, regulatory 2           10          10          6           6           **34**
  or administrative barriers to                                                             
  local, sustainable management                                                             
  of NR                                                                                     

  2\. Number of verifiable,     3           26          26          13          12          **80**
  sustained processes of                                                                    
  consultation between and                                                                  
  among Senegalese communities                                                              
  and sub-national / national                                                               
  governmental offices and the                                                              
  private sector                                                                            

  At the community level        1           20          20          6           6           **53**

  At the national / subnational 2           6           6           7           6           **27**
  levels                                                                                    

  3\. Number of assessments,    2           8           12          7           4           **33**
  supporting field studies,                                                                 
  policy analyses contributing                                                              
  to progress in addressing the                                                             
  policy reform agenda prepared                                                             
  and disseminated                                                                          

  4\. Number of tools &         0           2           2           2           2           **8**
  information systems developed                                                             
  in support of the policy                                                                  
  component                                                                                 
  ----------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------------

[^1]: ^1^. See the entire report on Nature Wealth and Power: Emerging
    Best Practices for revitalizing rural Africa, September, 2002.
    USAID/AFR/SD in collaboration with IRG, WRI, Winrock International,
    CIFOR.

[^2]:

[^3]: ^2^. This overall objective was formulated by the National
    Coordinator for the AG/NRM program and presented during the
    launching workshop in May 2003.

[^4]: The season for palm oil extends past the month of September,
    therefore some of the data from 2004-05 is accounted for in the
    2005-2006 report.

[^5]: Johnson, A. D., Sy. M. S., & Gaye, M. « FRAME, Etude de cas sur
    les Produits Naturelles : le Laalo Mbepp au Sénégal..» FRAME, 2005.

[^6]: Fall, Mamadou. «Etude de Marché sur la Poudre de Pain de Singe
    (fruit de Adansonia digitata).» Wula Nafaa. 2005.

[^7]: Gruenwald, Joerg & Galizia, Mathias. «Market Brief in the European
    Union for Selected Natural Ingredients Derived from Native Species:
    Adansonia digitata L. Baobab» United Nations Conference on Trade and
    Development (UNCTAD). 2005.

[^8]: See criteria for this indicator in other USAID-financed projects:
    workers must spend at least two weeks per year to be considered
    employed.

[^9]: Senegalese producers who do not live in the area being harvested

[^10]: ^1^. Depending on the specific nature of the contract result /
    output target, the total column may be an additive sum of the
    targets achieved in each year of the program (e.g. number of
    enterprises showing increased revenues, number of grading schemes
    developed, number of communities receiving training in NR
    monitoring), or the cumulative total achieved during the life of the
    program (e.g. number of facilitator mobilized, number of CBOs
    engaged in co-management, number of hectares covered by plans).

[^11]: Depending on the specific nature of the contract result / output
    target, the total column may be an additive sum of the targets
    achieved in each year of the program (e.g. number of enterprises
    showing increased revenues, number of grading schemes developed,
    number of communities receiving training in NR monitoring), or the
    cumulative total achieved during the life of the program (e.g.
    number of facilitator mobilized, number of CBOs engaged in
    co-management, number of hectares covered by plans).

[^12]: Depending on the specific nature of the contract result / output
    target, the total column may be an additive sum of the targets
    achieved in each year of the program (e.g. number of enterprises
    showing increased revenues, number of grading schemes developed,
    number of communities receiving training in NR monitoring), or the
    cumulative total achieved during the life of the program (e.g.
    number of facilitator mobilized, number of CBOs engaged in
    co-management, number of hectares covered by plans).