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SNAPP\
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DATA MANAGER\'S\
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MANUAL\
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***Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project\
***\
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\
Prevention Research Center\
**2150 Shattuck Avenue #900\
Berkeley, CA 94704\
(510) 486-1111\
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\
Prepared by\
Lillian Remer and\
Andrew Treno\
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November 13, 2023**\
**

**Contents\
\
Data Manager\'s Manual**

About This Manual [1](#__RefHeading___Toc458491270)

I. Overview [2](#__RefHeading___Toc458491271)

A. Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project
[2](#__RefHeading___Toc458491272)

B. Data Manager\'s Role and Responsibilities
[2](#__RefHeading___Toc458491273)

II\. SNAPP Program [4](#__RefHeading___Toc458491274)

A. Research Design [4](#__RefHeading___Toc458491275)

B. Project Phases [9](#__RefHeading___Toc458491276)

C. Project Organization [10](#__RefHeading___Toc458491277)

III\. Data Manager\'s Responsibilities
[13](#__RefHeading___Toc458491278)

IV\. Details of Data to be Collected [18](#__RefHeading___Toc458491279)

[Program Outcome Evaluation Data]{.underline}
[19](#__RefHeading___Toc458491280)

1\. Arrest Data [19](#__RefHeading___Toc458491281)

2\. Injury Data [21](#__RefHeading___Toc458491282)

3\. Fatality Data [21](#__RefHeading___Toc458491283)

4\. Other Alcohol-Involved Problems [23](#__RefHeading___Toc458491284)

[Process Evaluation Data]{.underline} [24](#__RefHeading___Toc458491285)

A. Community Monitoring [27](#cms)

1\. Community Phone Survey [27](#__RefHeading___Toc458491287)

2\. Implementation Process Documentation
[27](#__RefHeading___Toc458491288)

3\. Intervention Process Documentation
[29](#__RefHeading___Toc458491289)

4\. ABC Citation Monitoring [29](#__RefHeading___Toc458491290)

5\. Community Mapping [31](#__RefHeading___Toc458491291)

B. Prevention Component Specific Monitoring
[32](#__RefHeading___Toc458491292)

1\. Community Coalition Documentation [32](#__RefHeading___Toc458491293)

2\. RBS Premise Survey [33](#__RefHeading___Toc458491294)

3\. Management Training Evaluation [33](#__RefHeading___Toc458491295)

4\. Server Training Evaluation [35](#__RefHeading___Toc458491296)

5\. Pseudo Patron Survey [35](#__RefHeading___Toc458491297)

6\. Retail Off-Premise Survey/Description
[36](#__RefHeading___Toc458491298)

7\. Youth Decoy Purchase Survey [38](#__RefHeading___Toc458491299)

8\. Clerk Training Evaluation [39](#__RefHeading___Toc458491300)

9\. Arrest Data [39](#__RefHeading___Toc458491301)

10\. DUI Enforcement Activity Monitoring
[41](#__RefHeading___Toc458491302)

11\. Alcohol Outlet Density Monitoring
[42](#__RefHeading___Toc458491303)

V. Procedures for Handling Data [43](#__RefHeading___Toc458491304)

A. Data Quality [43](#__RefHeading___Toc458491305)

B. Data Collection Procedures [43](#__RefHeading___Toc458491306)

C. Data Security [43](#__RefHeading___Toc458491307)

D. Confidentiality [43](#__RefHeading___Toc458491308)

E. Release of Data [44](#__RefHeading___Toc458491309)

VI\. Communications [45](#__RefHeading___Toc458491310)

A. Reporting Special Issues or Problems
[45](#__RefHeading___Toc458491311)

B. Weekly Conference Call [46](#__RefHeading___Toc458491312)

C. Monthly Report [47](#__RefHeading___Toc458491313)

VII\. Personnel [48](#__RefHeading___Toc458491314)

A. Hiring [48](#__RefHeading___Toc458491315)

B. Employee Performance [48](#__RefHeading___Toc458491316)

C. Employee Safety [49](#__RefHeading___Toc458491317)

D. Separation From Employment [50](#__RefHeading___Toc458491318)

VIII\. Management of Equipment and Supplies
[51](#__RefHeading___Toc458491319)

A. Purchasing of Equipment and Supplies
[51](#__RefHeading___Toc458491320)

B. Using Petty Cash [51](#__RefHeading___Toc458491321)

**Table of Appendices**

**Appendix A Acquiring Archival Data
[52](#__RefHeading___Toc458491420)**

Appendix B Enforcement Monitoring [56](#__RefHeading___Toc458491421)

Appendix C Process Documentation [58](#__RefHeading___Toc458491422)

Appendix D SNAPP Community Phone Survey
[77](#__RefHeading___Toc458491423)

Appendix E Interviewing Techniques [198](#__RefHeading___Toc458491424)

Appendix F RBS On-Premise Survey [243](#__RefHeading___Toc458491425)

Appendix G Management Training Evaluation
[251](#__RefHeading___Toc458491426)

Appendix H Acting Pseudo Patron Survey
[268](#__RefHeading___Toc458491427)

Appendix I Retail Off-premise Description/Survey
[292](#__RefHeading___Toc458491428)

Appendix J Under Age Decoy Purchase Survey
[297](#__RefHeading___Toc458491429)

Appendix K Interviewer Performance Evaluation
[320](#__RefHeading___Toc458491430)

Appendix L Human Subjects Protection [335](#__RefHeading___Toc458491431)

About This Manual[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491270 .anchor}

This manual is the operation guide for the SNAPP Data Manager. It will
serve as a policy and procedures guide for collecting and processing
data essential to evaluation in the experimental neighborhoods and in
the "at-large" comparison community.

Specifically, this manual will:

> 1\) Provide a basic understanding of the goals and philosophy of the
> project as well as its strategies for reducing alcohol-involved
> problems within a neighborhood.
>
> 2\) Describe the responsibilities, tasks, and end products of the Data
> Manager in support of the overall goals of the project.
>
> 3\) Give specific procedures and steps necessary to fulfill the Data
> Manager\'s responsibilities, tasks and end products.

I. Overview[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491271 .anchor}

A. Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention
Project[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491272 .anchor}

The Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project (SNAPP) will
implement an intervention program to reduce youth access to alcohol and
youth and young adult drinking and acute drinking-related problems
(i.e., violent crime, alcohol-involved injuries, automobile crashes, and
public disorder) in two largely Mexican American neighborhoods in
Sacramento, California, using a quasi-experimental design to assess
intervention efficacy. The intervention components will be phased in
over a period of four years, first in a neighborhood in the southern
part of the city, and then two years later in a similar neighborhood in
the northern part of the city. Data collection will take place
throughout the project in both neighborhoods and in Sacramento at-large.
The phased intervention allows comparison of changes in outcomes between
neighborhoods using the rest of the city as a control. Replicated
cross-sectional telephone surveys, underage purchase surveys,
responsible beverage service measures, and archival data will be used to
assess program efficacy. Results of the study will establish scientific
bases to develop neighborhood based preventive interventions among
Mexican American and other minority populations

B. Data Manager\'s Role and
Responsibilities[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491273 .anchor}

The SNAPP Project will have both an outcome evaluation and the process
evaluation. Outcome evaluation is concerned with the overall effect of
the interventions in each neighborhood on reducing alcohol-involved
problems. Since there are many other factors which contribute to changes
in outcomes, the process evaluation concerns all other intermediate or
intervening factors and processes. The process evaluation has two
aspects:

> a\) the evaluation of each prevention component; and
>
> b\) process evaluation which spans the entire project.

The Data Manager is one of two SNAPP professionals in Sacramento. The
Data Manager and the local Project Coordinator may be the same person,
or may be two people who form a team which will work closely with
community coalitions, local lead agencies, and local staff and
volunteers. The Data Manager is responsible to the Project Manager in
Berkeley. The local Project Coordinator is responsible for prevention
program implementation including working closely with the community
coalition and local organizations and conducting formative
research/evaluation about neighborhood preferences and responses to
potential prevention strategies.

The Data Manager is responsible for all local data collection required
for project outcome and process evaluation. The Data Manager is expected
to work closely with the Local Project Coordinator, the community
coalition, and the local lead agency to develop data resources and
arrange for data collection and transmittal.

The Data Manager will also be responsible for supervising local data
collection teams periodic surveys such as the Premise Survey, Pseudo
Patron, and Underage Decoy Purchase Surveys. Technical assistance and
training for local data collection will be provided by the research
staff of the Prevention Research Center. Regular communication between
the Data Manager and the staff of PRC is expected as well as the
provision of technical assistance and training in data collection,
storage, and retrieval.

As the project enters its implementation phases, process information
from the project will be collected to provide a history of the project
and provide management feedback to the Project Coordinator, community
coalition, and the staff of PRC. Such information is used in the
modification and adjustment of prevention activities to improve
effectiveness and acceptance.

The Data Manager is an essential member of the local community staff as
well as the total project staff. The Data Manager is, therefore, both a
leader and a team member. S/He has specific responsibilities, most of
which require a good working relationship with neighborhood
organizations, agencies, and leaders as well as the community coalition.
The Data Manager and the local Project Coordinator must work in a
supportive and mutually assisting fashion in order for the
responsibilities of both to be effectively carried out.

II\. SNAPP Program[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491274 .anchor} to Prevent
Alcohol-Involved Trauma

A. Research Design[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491275 .anchor}

The objective of this study is to determine if a comprehensive series of
interventions can produce a statistically significant reduction in the
targeted alcohol problems. The research study is designed to reduce as
many realistic threats to internal validity (accurate attribution of
causation to the prevention program itself, and not some other factors)
as possible. Process evaluation will provide information about relative
contributions of various strategies which can guide future neighborhood
prevention efforts.

The project has been designed to examine intervention effects using both
traditional evaluation models and geo-statistical techniques. The
research has a quasi-experimental design with a "phased" approach to
program implementation and statistical examination of outcome data.
Intensive data collection will take place in two discrete South and
North neighborhoods and throughout the city of Sacramento At-Large for
the full five years of the project. In the first two years, while
interventions are applied in the South neighborhood, the North
neighborhood will serve as a no-treatment comparison site. Subsequently,
application of the same interventions in the North neighborhood will
serve as a replication test of intervention effectiveness, and data from
the South neighborhood will serve to test for long term impacts of the
interventions. Data collected from Sacramento At-Large, and to a lesser
extent from Sacramento and Yolo counties will serve to control for
historical conditions affecting outcomes at both sites.

The research design is graphically illustrated below:

**South Experimental Neighborhood: O O O O X X X X X X** **X X**\
**North Experimental Neighborhood: O O O O O O O O X X X X**\
**Comparison (At-Large) Community: O O O O O O O O O O O O**\
\
Where O = observations on the dependent variable\
X = intervention with continued observations

The proposed design controls for the history threat because it combines
the quasi-experimental pre/post design with multiple outcome measures
collected over time. Using multiple observations provides data
sufficient to determine the natural (historical) pattern of the time
series such that secular trends in trauma are not confused with the
effect of the interventions. In addition, the use of identical
measurements from a comparison community provides protection against
national or regional effects (changes in the experimental neighborhood
resulting not from the program but from other factors occurring in the
region, state, or nation). Thus, this mixed longitudinal design (use of
the neighborhood pre-period as a baseline comparison as well as a
longitudinal comparison between neighborhoods) provides a more robust
design than a simple pre‑test/post‑test for attributing causation to the
prevention interventions.

*Description of Research Sites*

As an efficacy prevention trial, this study has not attempted to
\"randomly\" select communities for participation. Rather, experimental
neighborhoods were chosen for their cultural diversity and for having
existing coalitions that were interested in the comprehensive strategies
proposed and with a sufficient population base to provide sufficient
statistical power for evaluation of outcomes.

The South neighborhood is the Franklin/Fruitridge area of South
Sacramento. This neighborhood, represented by its own PAC, has a
population of approximately 26,000, largely composed of Mexican
Americans (38%) and Whites (35%). Of the two elementary schools serving
this area, 44% of the student bodies are Hispanic and 45% are from other
minorities (i.e., African American, southeast Asian, and others). 89% of
students in these schools qualify for free or reduced price lunches. The
neighborhood also has a high level of alcohol-related problems reflected
in public drinking, crime, and gang activity. While juvenile arrests
citywide increased from 984 to 3,592 per year between 1986 and 1991,
rates in South Sacramento increased from 85 to 402 (accounting for a
disproportionate 11% of those in the city). The South Sacramento area
also had the highest number of Children Protective Services referrals in
1991 in the county. Median household income for the area was
approximately \$19,000, 53% of adults have less than a high school
education, 13% are unemployed and 34% of households are below the
Federal poverty line. The impacts of poverty and crime on the residents
of the South area are reflected in the results of a community survey
conducted by the lead agency for the project, La Familia Counseling
Center: 41% of the respondents felt violence in their neighborhood was a
serious problem, 54% of youths indicated that they had observed violence
in their neighborhood, and 34% indicated that they knew gang members.
The three most serious problems in the target area according to
respondents were drugs, crime, and gangs. Reflecting substantial
community commitment, 71% indicated a willingness to work to improve the
community and reduce violence.

The North neighborhood is the Del Paso Heights area of Sacramento. This
neighborhood, represented by two PACs, has a population of 23,000
composed largely of Mexican Americans (23%) and Whites (45%). Of the 3
elementary schools serving the target area 31% of the student bodies are
Hispanic and 43% are from other minorities (i.e., African American,
southeast Asian, and others).[^1] 86% of students in these schools
qualify for free or reduced price lunches. This neighborhood also has a
high level of alcohol-related problems that are reflected in public
drinking, crime, and gang activity. Juvenile arrests in North Sacramento
increased between 1986 and 1991 from 46 to 387 (accounting for a
disproportionate 11% of those in the city). The North Sacramento area
had the second highest number of Children Protective Services referrals
in 1991 in the county. Median household income for the area is
approximately \$20,000, 22% of adults have less than a high school
education, 13% are unemployed and 30% of households are below the
Federal poverty line.

Central Sacramento geographically separates the South and North areas,
the most densely populated urban area of the county. Separate police
sectors are established for South and North Sacramento, each with
separate administrations and their own police captains. The Central
Sacramento police sector separates the South from the North and, as a
further bulwark against direct communication between study areas, South
and North Sacramento are separated by the American River, bridged at but
three points within the county of Sacramento at large. While served by
common media (newspaper, radio and television), the neighborhoods are
otherwise discrete, each with separate community organizations, school
and electoral districts, state congressional and city representatives,
and local PAC members.

*Data Collection*

Examples of data collection for this project include:

  ------------------------ -------------------- ---------------------------------- -----------------
  [Activity]{.underline}   [Site]{.underline}   [Data collected]{.underline}       [Collected
                                                                                   by]{.underline}

  Youth & Young Adult      South, North,\       Telephone survey of self-reported  PRC/FS
  Community Monitoring     &\                   unintentional injuries, alcohol    
  Survey                   At-Large             consumption, beverage sales,       
                                                marketing exposure, risk           
                                                activities and BAC knowledge       

  Traffic Crash Data       South, North,\       Collection of archival and current PRC
                           & At-Large           data for alcohol-involved and      
                                                single-vehicle nighttime traffic   
                                                accidents.                         

  Mortality Data           South, North,\       Collection of archival and current Local DM
                           & At-Large           coroner's data for                 
                                                alcohol-involved fatalities.       

  Hospital Discharge Data  South, North,\       Collection of archival injury      PRC
                           & At-Large           data.                              

  Trauma Data              South, North, &      Collection of archival trauma      Local DM
                           At-Large             center data                        

  Police Data              South, North,\       Collection of archival and current Local DM
                           & At-Large           data for violent crimes, juvenile  
                                                arrests, liquor law violations,    
                                                and alcohol-involved arrests plus  
                                                data on police enforcement         
                                                activities.                        

  DUI arrests              South, North,\       Collection of archival DMV-DOJ DUI PRC
                           & At-Large           arrest data                        

  RBS On-Premise Survey    South, North,\       Survey of on-premise alcohol       Local DM
                           & At-Large           establishments.                    

  RBS Pseudo Patron        South, North,\       Observation of beverage sales and  Local DM\
  Observations             & At-Large           service responses to apparently    interviewers
                                                intoxicated patron.                

  RBS Manager Training     South & North        Pre/post training, survey of       Local DM
  Evaluation                                    management policies and server     
                                                training                           

  RBS Server Training      South &North         Pre/post training, survey of       Local DM
  Evaluation                                    beverage servers for knowledge of  
                                                liability (formal regulation and   
                                                control), BAC, and content of the  
                                                training.                          

  Off-Premise Survey       South, North,\       Survey of off premise alcohol      Local DM
                           & At-Large           retail establishments              

  Underage Decoy Purchase  South, North,\       Documentation of the opportunity   Local DM,\
  Survey                   & At-Large           for off-sale retail alcohol        interviewers
                                                purchase by young looking adults.  

  Responsible Retail Clerk South & North        Pre/post training, survey of       Local DM
  Training Evaluation                           retail clerks for knowledge of     
                                                liability (formal regulation and   
                                                control), BAC, and content of the  
                                                training.                          

  Alcohol Outlet Density   South, North,\       Analysis of present and historical PRC
  Monitoring               & At-Large           location and density of retail     
                                                alcohol outlets.                   

  Process Data             South, North,\       Collection and documentation of    Local DM\
                           & At-Large           development of coalition and       and PRC
                                                intervention activities plus       
                                                community and neighborhood         
                                                demographic information            
  ------------------------ -------------------- ---------------------------------- -----------------

*Process Evaluation*

Process evaluation will be used to: (a) aid in interpreting the outcome
evaluation results; (b) assess the generalizability of the intervention
effects to other sites; and (c) describe global characteristics of the
neighborhood and factors affecting project implementation.

Based on the goals and strategy of this prevention trial, the specific
aims of the process evaluation are to:

-   monitor the implementation of the five research components to
    identify omissions or problems in the procedural design or actual
    implementation and provide relevant feedback regarding the nature of
    these problems to the research team;

-   train and engage community coalition members and other citizens to
    participate in the conduct of the process evaluation;

-   provide feedback to the community through the coalition regarding
    the progress of the project;

-   determine the extent to which the neighborhood community builds
    capacity to prevent alcohol-related problems and the extent to which
    the community is activated or motivated and components are sustained
    and institutionalized at the end of the projects;

-   improve practical understanding of how communities become activated
    to establish community-wide health promotion programs related to
    alcohol-involved trauma; and

-   monitor and assess new research inputs and outputs which are
    associated with program implementation and continuation.

    B. Project Phases[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491276 .anchor}

The SNAPP project is designed to be implemented in four phases:\
1. Baseline and planning\
2. South Program -- Mobilization and Implementation\
3. North Program - Mobilization and Implementation\
4. Analysis and evaluation

Phase One - - **BASELINE AND PLANNING** period is for collection of
baseline data No prevention program interventions are undertaken during
this period which includes times prior to the beginning of the project.
Almost all past medical community trials have spent at least one year in
a Baseline and Planning Period before programmatic interventions were
implemented. This long-term planning includes the development of
procedures for incorporating community participation and pre-testing of
the initial program delivery and data collecting prior to implementation

Phase Two \-- **Mobilization and Implementation in the South
neighborhood**. Activities consist of community mobilization, education,
and implementation of selected prevention interventions. During this
phase, the North neighborhood will still be in phase one.

Phase Three \-- **Mobilization and Implementation in the North
neighborhood.** New interventions may cease in the South neighborhood
except for institutionalization of on-going interventions, but community
mobilization, education, and implementation of the same series of
selected prevention interventions done in phase two in the south
neighborhood will now be implemented in the north neighborhood.

Phase Four -- **Analysis and evaluation.** No new project interventions
will be implemented although on-going interventions will be
institutionalized during this period. Project resources will focus on
analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the interventions, and
the replicability of the interventions across the two neighborhoods.

C. Project Organization[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491277 .anchor}

The SNAPP project local staff includes a Site Project Coordinator and a
local Data Manager. These two roles may be filled by one person or by
two people working closely together. Both will work in Sacramento in
office space provided by La Familia Counseling Services (and/or Stanford
Settlement House). However, these staff are employees of the Pacific
Institute for Research & Evaluation's Prevention Research Center and
will report to the SNAPP Project Manager in the Berkeley Office of the
Prevention Research Center.

The SNAPP Project is under the Direction of Dr. Harold D. Holder, the
project\'s Principal Investigator. The Prevention Research Center\'s
SNAPP Project staff includes the Project Manager, Dr. Andrew Treno, a
scientific advisor, Dr. Paul Gruenewald, an ethnographic advisor, Dr.
Maria Alaniz, a post-doctoral researcher, Dr. Julliet Lee, and a
research associate, Lillian Remer.

1\) Site Project Coordinator

The Site Project Coordinator is responsible for all local project
activities including community relationships and liaison and formal
local prevention activity implementation (using the technical assistance
and support of the Prevention Research Center Staff).

The Site Project Coordinator will be the day-to-day local representative
of the project and work closely with community coalitions and local lead
agencies. The Site Project Coordinator is accountable for keeping the
prevention activities on schedule and for monitoring community issues
and concerns which need to be considered and addressed as a part of the
project\'s community relationship. The Site Project Coordinator may be
involved in collection of process data, will be involved in formative
research and evaluation and in the development of locally relevant
prevention activities. The Coordinator is responsible for the
development of communication support and mobilization for the project
using the technical assistance and support of PRC staff, community
resources, and the local lead agency.

2\) Data Manager

The Data Manager is responsible for all local data collection required
for project outcome and process evaluation. The Data Manager is expected
to work closely with the Local Project Coordinator and the local lead
agency to develop data resources and arrange for data collection and
transmittal. The Data manager also recruits, trains and supervises local
data collection volunteer staff. See Chapter III for a fuller
description.

SNAPP\
Organizational Structure

![](media/image1.wmf)

III\. Data Manager\'s Responsibilities []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491278
.anchor}

The Data Manager has primary responsibility for all local data
collection necessary for documentation and evaluation of the SNAPP
Project. Specifically, the Data Manager\'s duties include:

> 1\) Collect locally available data needed for the Outcome Evaluation
> and the Process Evaluation as specified in Chapter IV or as requested
> by the SNAPP Project Manager.
>
> 2\) Review and transmit all data to PRC Berkeley in a timely and
> secure manner (see Chapter V).
>
> 3\) Report any local issues which might affect data collection or the
> SNAPP project to the Project Manager immediately (Chapter VI).
>
> 4\) Recruit, train, and supervise data collection volunteers and staff
> in compliance with the research policies of the PIRE *Staff
> Guidebook,* the *Interviewer's Manual* (see appendix E page
> [119](#ApxE)) and SNAPP policies and protocols as directed by the
> Project Manager (Chapter VII).
>
> 5\) Procure and maintain supplies and equipment needed for conducting
> surveys in accordance with instruction from the Project Manager
> (Chapter VIII).

The project evaluation has two parts: (I) Outcome Evaluation and (II)
Process Evaluation. Outcome evaluation is the determination of the
project\'s effect on alcohol-involved problems. The specific types of
data collection for this evaluation are outlined in Table 1. Basically,
data collection will obtain longitudinal data from the entire Sacramento
area to include both the north and south experimental neighborhoods and
the "at-large" comparison community.

Process evaluation is to evaluate each prevention component in terms of
its own specific goals. This evaluation enables a determination of the
level of implementation and effectiveness of the prevention
interventions and provides information concerning overall community
process necessary to aid the interpretation of outcome evaluation. The
outline of process evaluation is also shown in Table 1 (page [14](#T1)).
The process evaluation includes data which are specific to each
prevention component. Details on data collection in community monitoring
data which are of relevance to two or more prevention components.

I. Collection of Project Outcome Data

-   Obtain Police Data on arrests, enforcement activities and
    enforcement levels and transmit all data to the Evaluation
    Coordinator.

-   Obtain archival morbidity (accidents and injuries) from the regional
    trauma center and other available sources such as emergency room
    records, 911 responses, etc.

-   Obtain death certificates and/or coroner\'s data covering all
    alcohol-involved mortality.

-   Obtain data on other alcohol-involved problems as directed by the
    Project Manager.

    II\. Collection of Process Evaluation Data

> A. Across Component Community Monitoring
>
> This data collection also supports process evaluation but provides
> data for use by two or more prevention components and/or overall
> process evaluation. Some community monitoring will be undertaken
> directly through the PRC's Berkeley office such as the community
> monitoring (phone) survey, but the Data Manager will be kept informed
> so that (s)he is able to answer questions which may come from the
> community. The local Data Manager will document all such questions and
> keep the Project Manager advised of any potential problems or needs.
> Examples of local community monitoring are:

-   Collect and store for easy retrieval, community (neighborhood level)
    data on socioeconomic demographics of the community, evidence of
    need, and special populations including minority groups and
    under-served populations.

-   Advise the Project Manager of potential data sources in the
    community which might be of value to the project, and assist to
    obtain local data as needed.

-   Document interest and participation of community agencies in alcohol
    problem prevention and implementation of interventions.

> B. Prevention Component Specific

Collect, store and transmit intervention specific data which documents
the process and activities involved in the implementation and evaluation
of each of the prevention intervention components

-   Supervise the administration of the Underage Decoy Purchase Survey,
    including recruiting and training staff, preparing routes, checking
    data for completeness and assembling and transmitting data to
    Berkeley;

-   Supervise the administration of the Premise Survey, including
    recruiting and training volunteers, preparing routes, checking data
    for completeness and assembling and transmitting data to Berkeley;

-   Supervise the administration of the Pseudo Patron Survey; including
    recruiting and training volunteers, preparing routes, checking data
    for completeness and assembling and transmitting data to Berkeley;

-   Collect training data on the number and type of outlets trained, and
    the number and type of individuals trained by the Project
    Coordinator during intervention phases of the project;

-   Monitor the data collection schedule. Some prevention component
    specific data may be regularly collected, under the Data Manager\'s
    supervision while others will be periodic or occasional as specified
    by the process evaluation data collection plan.

[]{#T1 .anchor}Table 1\
\
**Data Collection Outline**

I. **Outcome Evaluation**

-   Arrest data

-   Injury, morbidity data

-   Death data.

-   Other alcohol-involved problems

II\. **Process Evaluation**

> A. Community Monitoring (Across Prevention Components) Data Collection

-   Community Monitoring Survey (by Freeman Sullivan & Co.)

-   Implementation Process Documentation

-   Intervention Process Documentation

-   ABC Citation Monitoring

-   Community Mapping \-- geographical description of location of\
    establishments and events directly related to SNAPP Project.

> B. Prevention Component Specific Data Collection
>
> Community Awareness

-   Community Coalition Process Documentation

> Responsible Beverage Service

-   Premise Survey

-   Management and Server Training Evaluation

-   Pseudo Patron Survey

> Under Age Alcohol Access

-   Retail Off-Premise Survey

-   Decoy Alcohol Purchase Survey

-   Management and Clerk Training Evaluation

> Enforcement

-   Arrests

-   Enforcement Activity Monitoring

> Community Mobilization

-   Process data on contacts and linkages

-   Process data on agencies involved with interventions

-   Outlet Density Monitoring

    IV\. Details of Data to be Collected[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491279
    .anchor}

This chapter provides more detail about the planned data collection in
each of the experimental and, in some cases, the comparison communities
in order to carry out project evaluation. Following the introduction to
evaluation data given in the preceding chapter, the presentation will be
in two parts: (I) Project Outcome Evaluation Data and (II) Process
Evaluation Data.

There are three types of outcome data described: (1) Arrest Data, (2)
Injury Data, and (3) Fatality Data. A separate page will be given to
each data type.

The process evaluation data description is divided into two areas: (A)
Community Monitoring (data used by two or more components) and (B)
Component Specific Data (data to be collected which are unique to a
component). Separate pages are given to each data type within these two
areas.

The general format for each data description is:

**DATA TYPE NAME** \-- Description of the purpose, rationale, and
general nature of this data.

**Staff:** The description of the staff responsibility(ies) for this
data collection. In some instances, all of these data are collected by
the Prevention Research Center staff and the local Data Manager has no
specific responsibility except to be informed in order to answer local
questions about these data. In most cases, the full responsibility for
data collection is the responsibility of the local Data Manager. In a
few cases, the responsibility is shared between the Data Manager and the
PRC staff.

**Procedures:** Provides a general description of the types of data
collected, the means for collection, and how the data are to be
collected. Detailed procedures are in the appropriate appendix for the
data.

**Timeline:** Gives a general description of how often the data are
collected and if archival data are involved, the number of pre-project
years which should be obtained.

*Program Outcome Evaluation Data*[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491280
.anchor}

The SNAPP project has three goals: 1) to reduce youth access to alcohol,
2) to reduce young adult drinking, and 3) to reduce acute drinking
related problems including crime, auto crashes and alcohol-involved
injuries. Youth access can be assessed through self-reported perceived
access (from the telephone survey), through decoy purchase surveys, and
through enforcement activities. Young adult drinking can be measured
through self-reported drinking (from the telephone survey), and inferred
through outlet density and alcohol-related problems. At least three
classes of data will be collected by the local Data Manager for use in
measuring the reduction in drinking related problems: Arrest data,
Injury data, and Death data. Crash data will be collected by the PRC
research staff.

**1. Arrest Data**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491281 .anchor} \-- Several
types of arrests will be monitored as outcome variables for the SNAPP
project. Most arrest data will come from the local police department,
including violent crimes, juvenile arrests, alcohol-involved (e.g.,
public drunkenness and DUI) arrests, and liquor law violations.

**Staff**: The Data Manager is responsible for collecting local arrest
data such as that maintained by the local police and sheriff's
departments. PRC research staff will collect any necessary state level
arrest data such as that from the Alcohol Beverage Control.

**Procedures**: The Data Manager will contact the local police and
sheriff's departments to arrange retrieval of arrest data. The preferred
format for data retrieval is electronic media (disks or tape) in the
form of anonymous, individual. Hard copies are acceptable if required.
Minimum information should include: type of arrest, alcohol involvement,
(and actual BAC if available). Demographic information such as gender,
age, race/ethnicity, and location of event (at minimum to zip code).
Accessibility of data and any costs should be communicated to the
Project Manager who will then determine when and how the data should be
obtained. Information on personal contacts, telephone numbers,
addresses, database maintenance, data turn-over, and the history of the
database should be documented to insure that access to data is not lost.
(See Appendix A: Acquiring Archival Data which begins on page
[38](#ApxA))

**Timeline**: Archival data should be retrieved for a baseline period of
up to ten years or whatever is available. Arrangements should be made
for obtaining updated archival data at least annually to keep the data
current and to extend the series.

**2. injury Data** []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491282 .anchor} \-- Rarely
does injury data include alcohol-involvement, but trauma data frequently
includes BAC readings. Using ICD-9-CM codes, attribution of likely
alcohol-involvement can be made for injury data. California traffic
crash data contains not only probable cause of the crash (i.e., DUI),
but also the officer's opinion of whether or not alcohol was involved.

**Staff:** The local Data Manager will obtain data from the trauma
center plus any local EMS, ER, or hospital data as available guided by
input from the Project Manager. State level data such as SWITRS
(Statewide Integrated Traffic Records -- California crash data) and
Hospital Discharge data will be obtained and analyzed by PRC Berkeley
staff.

**Procedures:** Additional data sources should be identified, including
the components of data available. Data should preferably be obtained in
electronic form as anonymous individual records. See Appendix A on
procurement of archival data (page [38](#ApxA)).

**Timeline:** Archival data should be requested for a baseline period of
up to 10 years (or whatever is available) plus the entire duration of
the project.

**3. Fatality Data**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491283 .anchor} \--.
Fatalities are relatively rare events, but fatal injuries are
disproportionately alcohol-involved. Therefore, we will be collecting
data on both unintentional and intentional injury fatalities. Of
particular interest is coroner's data because it frequently contains
actual measured blood alcohol concentration (BAC).

**Staff:** The Data Manager will be responsible for obtaining local
arrest data from both the intervention and at-large neighborhoods of
Sacramento, and for transmitting it to PRC offices in Berkeley, CA for
storage and analysis. PRC staff will be responsible for obtaining state
archival arrest data.

**Procedures**: The Data Manager will contact the coroner's office to
arrange retrieval of death data. The preferred format for data retrieval
is electronic media (disks or tape) in the form of anonymous,
individual. Hard copies are acceptable if required. Minimum information
should include: cause of death, alcohol involvement, (and actual BAC if
available). Demographic information such as gender, age, race/ethnicity,
and location of event (at minimum to zip code). Accessibility of data
and any costs should be communicated to the Project Manager who will
then determine when and how the data should be obtained. Information on
personal contacts, telephone numbers, addresses, database maintenance,
data turn-over, and the history of the database should be documented to
insure that access to data is not lost. (See Appendix A: Acquiring
Archival Data which begins on page [38](#ApxA))

**Timeline**: Baseline data for a period of up to 10 years prior to
initiation of the project should be collected where available, and data
for each year of the project will also be needed.

**4. Other Alcohol-Involved Problems**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491284
.anchor} \--. This category includes an assortment of indicators which
may or may not specifically indicate alcohol-involvement. Occasionally
these are indicators or surrogates derived from multiple data sources.
For example, Single-Vehicle Night-time Crashes is a commonly accepted
surrogate for alcohol-involved crashes. Police incident reports (or 911
calls) may indicate problem events even where arrests are not made
(e.g., public disturbances \--as in noisy parties, or domestic violence
calls). And finally, contextual data such as alcohol outlet density
compared to all retail establishments.

**Staff**: The local Data Manager will be responsible for identifying
possible local data sources, and informing the Project Manager. The
Project Manager will inform the Data Manager of types of data to seek,
and whether or not to retrieve identified data.

**Procedures**: . (See Appendix A: Acquiring Archival Data which begins
on page [38](#ApxA))

**Timeline**: Most data will need to be obtained for up to 10 years of
baseline and throughout the active project timeframe.

*Process Evaluation Data*[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491285 .anchor}

The Process Evaluation Data description will be in two parts: Community
Monitoring and Prevention Component-Specific Data Collection. Each are
described below.

Community monitoring refers to data collection which provides
information to two or more components. In addition, data will be
collected which is specific to the evaluation needs of only one
component, i.e., prevention component specific.

Table 2 (below) illustrates the types of community monitoring data
collected and the prevention components they serve as well as the
component specific data to be collected.

Table 2\
\
**Process Evaluation and Data Collection**

[Prevention Components]{.underline}

Community Responsible Underage Enforce- Community\
Awareness Beverage Alcohol ment Mobilization\
Service Access

A. [Community Monitoring]{.underline}

> Telephone Survey of Youth X X X X X
>
> Implementation Process Documentation X X X X X
>
> Intervention Process Documentation X X X X X
>
> ABC Citation Monitoring X X X
>
> Mapping X X X X

B. [Prevention Component Specific]{.underline}

> Community Coalition Documentation X X
>
> RBS On-Premise Survey X
>
> On-Premise Pseudo Patron Survey X
>
> Management Training Evaluation X X
>
> Server Training Evaluation X X
>
> Retail Off-Premise Survey/Description X
>
> Youth Decoy Purchase Survey X
>
> Clerk Training Evaluation X
>
> Arrest Data X
>
> Enforcement Activity Monitoring X
>
> Alcohol Outlet Density Monitoring X
>
> Process data on contacts and linkages X

**A. Community Monitoring**[]{#cms .anchor} *(Data used by two or more
prevention components)*

**1. Community PHONE Survey** []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491287 .anchor}
\-- The Community Phone Survey of Youth and Young Adults is an periodic
telephone survey in both experimental neighborhoods and in the at-large
community of Sacramento. The survey contains questions about alcohol
use, drinking activities, alcohol access, drinking problems, program
awareness and demographic items including measures of acculturation.

This survey gives the project longitudinal data from each community to
support the project process evaluation and to aid program activity
development and refinement.

**Staff**: This survey will be conducted by Freeman, Sullivan & Company
of San Francisco, CA, and directly supervised by PRC research staff. The
Local Data Manager may need to respond to questions from community
respondents who call the local office for information.

**Procedures**: The survey is a stratified random sample of households
using zip code targeted exchange lists. The random digit dialing survey
will enumerate the household members and then randomly select one
respondent between age 15 and 29 for the interview. A copy of the survey
is contained in Appendix D (page [54](#ApxD)).

**Timeline**: The survey is conducted at the beginning of years one,
three and five of the project.

**2. IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS DOCUMENTATION**
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491288 .anchor} \-- Documentation of project
implementation is necessary to understand and interpret what actually
occurred in each community. See Appendix C (page [43](#ApxC)) for an
overview of the Process Evaluation.

**Staff**: The local Project Coordinator is responsible for documenting
project implementation, but the local Data Manager is responsible for
collecting process documentation and transmitting it to PRC.

**Procedures**: Local Project Coordinators will prepare a weekly report
which identifies and briefly describes project activities in each of the
component areas. Supplemental materials (such as press releases, copies
of agenda, etc.) may be appended. These reports which are primarily
intended to keep the PRC Project Manager informed, will also become part
of the process documentation archives.

Local Project Coordinators, working with the PRC Project Manager will
also prepare 3-month Intervention Calendars for their community. The
Intervention Calendar is actually a planning tool but is also useful to
document the process of implementation. These materials will be sent to
Berkeley and archived as process data.

**Timeline**: Weekly documentation of project activities will be
on-going throughout the implementation and intervention phases of the
project for the experimental communities.

**3. INTERVENTION PROCESS DOCUMENTATION**
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491289 .anchor} \-- In order to evaluate the
effectiveness of the intervention efforts, it is important to document
the process of implementation of the SNAPP Program interventions plus
any community events of relevance to the goals of the SNAPP Program.
Note that it is important to document any intervention activities or
special community events and activities designed to reduce alcohol
problems, such as \"Red Ribbon Week,\" MADD chapter activities, etc.
whether or not they are related to or stimulated by the SNAPP Program.

**Staff**: The Data Manager, with the assistance of the local Project
Coordinator, is responsible for collection of process evaluation data
under the supervision of the Project Manager.

**Procedures**: The Data Manager is responsible for preparing an Event
Reporting Form for each community intervention activity or event
affecting alcohol issues and/or the coalition. The Data Manager should
seek input and assistance from the site Project Coordinator to identify
items for documentation with the Event Reporting Forms. Instructions for
using these forms is contained in Appendix C (page [43](#ApxC)). When
preparing these forms, it is important to remember that "more is
better." It is important to fully document and support each item with
attachment materials as appropriate.

**Timeline**: Tracking of intervention activities through the use of the
Event Reporting Form will be on-going throughout the project for the
experimental neighborhoods, and where possible, comparable information
will be collected for the comparison at-large community.

**4. ABC Citation Monitoring** []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491290 .anchor}
Enforcement of alcoholic beverage licensing and conditional use permit
(CUP) regulations is one of the interventions, but will impact all of
the outcome measures. Therefore, enforcement will be monitored closely.

**Staff**: The Local Data Manager will collect police data on local
retail alcohol license enforcement activities including information on
the location, date and type of enforcement activity or citation for both
experimental neighborhoods and for Sacramento at-large. PRC research
staff will obtain California Alcoholic Beverage Control Reg-File data to
monitor enforcement activities of the California ABC in Sacramento.

**Procedures**: Enforcement activities and citations regarding alcohol
retail licenses will be collected by the local Data Manager and the PRC
research staff. All data will be mapped and analyzed by the PRC research
staff in Berkeley.

**Timeline**: Available historical data (up to 10 years prior to project
initiation) will be obtained, and data will be updated at least annually
throughout the project.

**5. Community Mapping**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491291 .anchor} \--
Community mapping is the documentation of the relationship of local
alcohol outlets and alcohol problem events (such as alcohol-involved
traffic crashes and arrests) through computer-generated maps. Such
mapping will be used by all prevention components.

**Staff**: The PRC project staff will develop data files and prepare the
computer maps. The Local Data Manager will be asked to obtain specific
local data for use in preparing these maps, such as local traffic flow
data.

**Procedures**: Archival data such as state alcoholic beverage license
data, arrest data, trauma data, and traffic crash records will be mapped
using a computer-based mapping software (Map-Info). In addition,
geo-spatial analytical techniques will be applied to mapped data.

Traffic flow data will generally be obtained from the city or county
public works department. Police precinct maps are generally available
from the local police department. The Local Data manager will be asked
to obtain these and/or other specific local data needed for the mapping
projects.

**Timeline**: Data for mapping will be collected for the pre-project and
baseline periods, and updated at least annually during the project.

**B. Prevention Component Specific
Monitoring**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491292 .anchor} *(Data used by only
one or two prevention components)*

**1. Community Coalition Documentation** []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491293
.anchor} This information is to describe the community and to document
the processes and activities of the community coalition. Some of this
may overlap with documentation of the implementation of interventions.
There are two types of data for collection:

> Minutes of the community coalition in each experimental community, and
>
> \_ Descriptive data about the community. Descriptive data are helpful
> to document community changes, situations, and events in order to
> interpret the results of the SNAPP project.

**Staff**: The Local Data Manager, with the assistance of the Local
Project Coordinator, is responsible for collection and transmittal of
process evaluation data. The local Project Coordinator will prepare a
weekly report describing coalition development and activities. PRC
Berkeley staff will maintain correspondence and data files for use in
developing a process chronology of events for each community.

**Procedures**: The Data Manager, with the assistance of the site
Project Coordinator, will collect minutes or proceedings from the local
coalition and transmit them to Berkeley.

The Data Manager will also identify and obtain locally available
descriptive data about the community. Examples of these data include
local (not U.S. Census) data which describes the community such as age
and gender data; racial and ethnic minorities; income levels; housing
starts; general economic data, unique events and historical trends, or
other community-specific information. This data is most commonly
available from local publications of such organizations as the Chamber
of Commerce.

**Timeline**: Coalition data will be collected during the baseline
period and throughout the project. Descriptive data about the community
will be collected for the baseline period and throughout the
implementation and intervention phases of the project.

**2. RBS ON-PREMISE SURVEY Survey**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491294
.anchor} \-- For this survey each on-premise retail alcohol outlet must
be contacted and minimal observational data collected. This survey will
help target establishments for recruitment into manager and server
training programs, and collect basic data necessary for conducting the
Pseudo Patron Survey (see item 6 below).

**Staff:** For the Premise Survey, the Data Manager will visit each on
premise establishment from lists provided by the research staff of PRC.

**Procedures**: This survey collects information about the size and
nature of the outlet in preparation for the Pseudo Patron Surveys and
for recruitment into manager and server intervention training sessions.
A survey form is included in Appendix F (page [147](#ApxF)).

**Timeline**: The Premise Surveys will be done at the beginning of the
project and supplemented in years three and five as needed.

3.  **Management Training Evaluation** []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491295
    .anchor} Server intervention is a relatively new innovation in which
    researchers, drug abuse specialists, local authorities or other
    concerned citizens work co-operatively with retailers to review and
    revise policies regarding the service of alcoholic beverages and to
    provide training for managers and personnel. Management training
    includes review of dram shop liability issues, training in how to
    develop written policies which will reduce legal liability, and
    assistance in writing and implementing improved policies.

**Staff**: The Data Manager conducts the premise survey of on-premise
outlets (see Premise Survey -- item 2 above). The Project Coordinator
recruits managers for training, and conducts training (with the
assistance of PRC staff or consultants). The Data Manager is responsible
for pre and post-training evaluation data and documenting process data
for the training events. All data will be sent to Berkeley for analysis
by PRC research staff. Results will be returned to the Data Manager and
Project Coordinator for use in promoting additional training.

**Procedures**: During the intervention phase for each neighborhood,
management training will be conducted for managers and owners of alcohol
retail establishments in that neighborhood. Evaluation data will be
collected both before and after each training session and process data
will be collected about each session. See Appendix G for evaluation
forms (page [152](#ApxG)). Management training is only offered in the
intervention neighborhoods.

**Timeline**: Data must be collected on an on-going basis during the
intervention phase for each neighborhood (before and after each training
session). Most of these will be in years two and four of the project.

4.  **Server Training Evaluation** []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491296
    .anchor} Server intervention programs focus on reducing heavy
    drinking and intoxication among bar patrons, and protecting already
    intoxicated patrons from engaging in risky activities such as
    driving. Initial evaluations of these programs indicate that they
    can lead to significant changes in staff behavior and attitudes.
    More importantly, they have been shown to reduce by as much as
    one-half the number of patrons who are intoxicated at the
    establishment

This study includes two types of data surrounding server training and
its effectiveness. Specifically:

-   Pre- and post-training questionnaires, for servers around their
    knowledge and attitude towards responsible beverage service.

-   Process evaluation data aimed at determining whether the
    intervention was actually implemented as designed, and if not, how
    it differed.

**Staff**: The Local Data Manager, with technical assistance and support
from the PRC Staff, will administer the training evaluation protocols.
Process evaluation data collection is the responsibility of the Data
Manager

**Procedures**: Information from the Premise Survey (section a. above),
and focus groups will be used to recruit participants for RBS training.
The Data Manager will supervise collection of pre and post training data
on participants in the RBS training. Server Intervention training is
only offered in the intervention neighborhoods.

**Timeline**: Before and after each Server Intervention Training Course.
Most of these will be in years two and four of the project.

**5. Pseudo Patron Survey** []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491297 .anchor} The
pseudo patron surveys will first be conducted during the baseline phase
of the research to assess serving practices in a sample of
establishments in both experimental communities and in the "at-large"
community. In addition, the pseudo patron surveys will be conducted
annually to measure changed in server willingness to serve to
intoxicated patrons in the neighborhoods receiving Responsible Beverage
Service Server training compared to those not receiving training. This
survey is also used to verify the effectiveness of the training

**Staff:** The Local Data Manager will recruit volunteers. The Data
Manager, with technical assistance from PRC researchers, will train
"Pseudo Patrons" and, with a list of outlets prepared by the PRC
research staff, will supervise the Pseudo Patron Survey.

**Procedures**: Pairs of trained volunteers will enter selected
on-premise outlets. One person is an observer and the other appears to
be intoxicated. The volunteer who is acting intoxicated attempts to
order an alcoholic beverage. Both the actor and the observer record
information about the encounter and the establishment. Protocols,
scenarios and forms needed for this survey are contained in Appendix H
on page [161](#ApxH)

**Timeline:** One cycle of Pseudo Patron Surveys will be conducted at
the beginning of years one, three and five of the project. Surveys are
conducted on Friday and Saturday evenings; it may require several months
to complete a full cycle of the survey

**6. RETAIL Off-Premise Survey/Description**
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491298 .anchor} This survey is a prelude to the
Youth Decoy Purchase Survey and collects data about off-premise outlets
including hours of operation, condition of premise, and business name as
it appears on the business.

**Staff**: The PRC research staff will prepare lists of outlets and
preliminary electronic maps of their location. The Local Data Manager
with assistance from trained volunteers, will conduct the survey.

**Procedures**: The Local Data Manager and/or trained volunteers will go
to each off-premise alcohol outlet, make observations and record
information requested on the survey form. If hours are not posted, the
telephone number may be looked up in a local phone directory, and a call
to the outlet should be made to determine the closing time on both
Friday and Saturday nights. Lists of sites to be visited and preliminary
maps of their location will be prepared by the PRC research staff.
However, the ABC data does not always give the DBA (doing business as)
name, usually does not adequately describe the type of off-premise
outlet, and cannot provide Any corrections to electronic map locations
should be made at this time. See Scouting Form in Appendix I on page
[176](#ApxI).

**Timeline**: Retail Off-premise Survey/Description must be conducted
during year one and updates before each round of Youth Decoy Purchase
Survey (years 3 and 5 of the project).

**7. Youth Decoy Purchase Survey** []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491299
.anchor} A decoy purchasing approach will be used as a measures of the
availability of alcohol to minors, and the effectiveness of the Clerk
Training intervention

Young-looking women will attempt to purchase alcohol from a randomly
selected sample of off-sale retail outlets in the experimental and
comparison neighborhoods of Sacramento. Decoy purchase attempts will be
made during both baseline (pre-intervention) and post-intervention
periods for all selected outlets, including those who participate in
retail clerk training.

The following process data will also be collected:

-   Documentation of any local police enforcement of retail sales to
    underage persons.

-   Review of ABC records for enforcement activities against off-premise
    retail alcohol outlets.

**Staff**: The Local Data Manager will recruit volunteers to judge
apparent age of decoy candidates. The Local Data Manager will recruit,
hire, train and supervise young women who will pose as minors attempting
to purchase alcoholic beverages. These women, the decoys, will collect
the survey data. Outlet selection will be done by PRC staff in Berkeley.
Local process data will be collected by the Data Manager and state level
ABC data will be collected by the PRC staff in Berkeley.

**Procedures**: Decoy buyer\'s apparent age will be judged by a diverse
local panel of people having regular contact with teens. A pair of women
judged to be about 18 years old (but who are actually 21 to 24 years
old) will be selected. Selected decoys should not be residents of either
experimental neighborhood. The decoy buyers will attempt to purchase a
6-pack of beer without showing an ID. Two purchase attempts will be made
at each selected outlet, one on Friday evening, the other on Saturday
evening, one by each of the two women decoys. Complete guidelines and
forms for setting up and conducting the Under Age Decoy Purchase Survey
are contained in Appendix J (page [180](#ApxJ)).

**Timeline**: Decoy purchases will be done in early in years one, three
and five of the project in both the experimental and comparison
(at-large) neighborhoods of Sacramento.

**8**. **Clerk Training Evaluation**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491300
.anchor} \-- These data are to evaluate the effectiveness of clerk
training for off-premise alcohol outlets. The survey will evaluate the
specific knowledge, values, and skills of participants both before and
after completing the training session.

**Staff**: The Local Data Manager, with technical assistance and support
from the PRC Project Manager, will conduct this data collection. The
Local Project Coordinator will recruit participants.

**Procedures**: Before and after training, evaluation materials will be
administered to the participants in the Clerk Training Program. ***{No
appendix or syllabus in manual yete}***

**Timeline**: Before and after each clerk training event. These will
mainly occur in years two and four of the project.

**9. Arrest Data**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491301 .anchor} \-- One goal
of this component is to reduce the amount of violent crime, the number
of public drunkenness events, and the number of drinking and driving
events.

The number and location of arrests, demographic characteristics of
arrestees, and police force man hours allocated to enforcement
activities will be analyzed on a monthly basis. Data collection and
monitoring will continue throughout the project in both intervention
neighborhoods and in Sacramento "at-large." Arrests will be routinely
plotted to detect changes in arrest levels as well as changes in types
of arrests.

Data to be gathered for this activity include:

> \_ Arrests by type, location, and month;
>
> \_ Arrests and convictions;
>
> \_ Information on special procedures including diversion programs
> (e.g., for juveniles or for DUI offenders, etc.) and the number of
> participants in each, which may affect the apparent number of arrests
> and/or convictions

**Staff**: Data Manager will collect locally available arrest and
conviction data and any community specific information on diversion
programs and their utilization. PRC Berkeley staff will request state
level archival data on arrests and convictions.

**Procedures**: Available data will be collected from local law
enforcement agencies and updated periodically, preferably monthly. (See
also Enforcement Activity Monitoring and Appendix B on page
[41](#ApxB).)

**Timeline**: Data will be collected for a baseline period of preferably
three to five years and throughout the implementation and intervention
phases of the project.

**10. DUI Enforcement Activity
Monitoring**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491302 .anchor} \-- Enforcement of
drinking and driving laws increase both the actual and perceived risk of
apprehension for driving while intoxicated. Increased enforcement can be
achieved through increased officer hours devoted to DUI enforcement, but
also to increased efficiency for DUI detection within existing officer
activities.

The police officer training program will be modeled on the national DWI
Enforcement Program developed by the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration and specific local program manuals used by Dr. Robert
Voas in previous enforcement program evaluations. The objective is to
utilize the experience and materials which have been tested and
evaluated and involve local officers in making the program relevant to
the field situation in this locality. This customization of a
pre-existing program is designed to increase local officer acceptance
and effectiveness.

The \"process\" data generated by this activity will document:

-   Number of full time patrol officers assigned to DUI patrol.

-   Dates for all training events for police and number of participants
    for each event.

-   Dates for any special police drinking and driving enforcement events
    such as roadblocks and checkpoints

-   Description of any police DUI enforcement activity (beyond the
    routine activity) including special projects, programs, new grants,
    use of new equipment, etc.

**Staff**: Process data will be collected by the Local Data Manager,
although the local Project Coordinator will assist by passing on any
information he/she may encounter during community work.

**Procedures**: The Data Manager will collect some of the data described
above using the forms and procedures described in Appendix C (Process
Documentation: Event Reporting Forms on page [43](#ApxC)). The remaining
enforcement activity data should be collected and reported to the
Project Manager as described in Appendix B (Enforcement Activity
Monitoring on [41](#ApxB)).

**Timeline**: The level of DUI enforcement activities should be
documented throughout the project, both before and after any training or
new equipment is introduced. This data should be collected for both the
experimental and comparison community.

**11. Alcohol Outlet Density Monitoring**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491303
.anchor} \-- Measures of outlet densities taken at the community level
have been shown to be significantly related to the incidence of some
alcohol-related problems. The primary means for control of the
distribution of alcohol outlets in the community is the local zoning
ordinance. However, since communities must deliberately choose to make
preventive use of their local planning and zoning powers, a local
planning process is necessary for community groups and agencies to
install prevention-oriented zoning ordinances and related regulations.
The purpose of this data collection is to monitor general public,
special groups, and/or community coalition support of the use of local
zoning and ABC licensing to reduce (or maintain) the density or absolute
number or location of licensed alcohol outlets.

Process data includes documentation of any changes in local laws, local
citizen activity or organizations involved, protests, etc. concerning
licensing and permits for local alcohol retail outlets. Documentation of
existing local zoning laws and review processes for new and renewal
licenses for retail establishments selling alcohol (both on and off
premise) is also part of the process data collection.

**Staff**: PRC research staff will obtain, map and analyze information
on each license for on- and off-premise retail sales of alcoholic
beverages obtained from the state Alcohol Beverage Control Department
for outlet density in each community. The Local Data Manager may be
called upon to verify the existence of alcohol outlets as a confirmation
of the state\'s data. The Data Manager will also be responsible for
collecting all process information regarding local zoning ordinances and
activities through the Event Reporting Forms (see Appendix C page
[43](#ApxC)).

**Procedures**: Mapping and data preparation will be done at PRC in
Berkeley.

**Timeline**: Data will be retrieved and analyzed annually throughout
the project. Available pre-project data will also be analyzed.

**V. Procedures for Handling Data**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491304
.anchor}

In addition to collecting local data necessary for documentation of the
project, outcome assessment, and process evaluation, the Data Manager is
responsible for the careful and accurate storage, retrieval, and
transmittal of the data. The following guidelines will be utilized:

**A. Data Quality**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491305 .anchor}

The quality and accuracy of data must be maintained. The procedures for
collecting data defined by the research protocols of the project must be
followed at all times. Any deviations or exceptions must be approved by
the Project Manager at the Prevention Research Center *before* they can
be implemented. Both planned and unplanned exceptions must be thoroughly
documented.

**B. Data Collection Procedures**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491306
.anchor}

Data collection procedures and data sources must be documented. For
primary data collected by the Data Manager and his/her staff, all
procedures utilized must be documented. For archival data provided by
other sources, both the data collection procedures utilized by these
sources and the sources themselves will be documented.

**C. Data Security**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491307 .anchor}

Data security must be maintained at all times. Hard (paper) copies of
data collection forms should be photocopied, and original documents
should be sent to the PRC collection in Berkeley. Research data which is
not entirely devoid of personal identifiers must be kept in locked file
cabinets to protect respondent confidentiality (see below). All computer
based data files must be \"backed up\" at least weekly and copies sent
to the Prevention Research Center for storage and analysis.

**D. Confidentiality**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491308 .anchor}

The confidentiality of all data collected by the Data Manager must be
actively protected. Each respondent or data source will be guaranteed
confidentiality; therefore, all individual response data will be
maintained in a locked cabinet for which only the Data Manager and the
PRC Principal Investigator has access. No individual information can be
linked by personally identifying information including names, addresses,
social security numbers, phone numbers or addresses if such information
were collected. The Data Manager is personally responsible to ensure the
confidentiality and security of all locally collected data. See Appendix
L page [206](#ApxL) for information on human subjects protection

**E. Release of Data**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491309 .anchor}

The data collected by this project is the property of the Prevention
Research Center under the conditions of the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services; no project data may be copied or distributed to
others without the written permission of the PRC Principal Investigator.
No raw or original data can be distributed by the Data Manager, except
to transmit it to the Project Manager in Berkeley. Data and data reports
can only be distributed in the community with permission from the
Principal Investigator or the Project Manager. The Data Manager is
accountable for following these distribution procedures.

**VI. Communications**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491310 .anchor}

The Project Manager is always available to answer questions which may
arise in performance of the Data Manager\'s duties. However, to insure
adequate communication, there are three conditions when the data manager
*must* communicate with the Project Manager.

The Data Manager must contact the Project Manager when:

> A.) Special conditions arise which could impact data collection or
> project relations to the community;
>
> B.) Weekly during the data managers\' telephone conference call; and
>
> C.) Monthly to provide documentation of data collection activities.

**A. Reporting Special Issues or
Problems**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491311 .anchor}

Whenever a problem or incident occurs during routine data collection,
the Data Manager should write up the incident in a memo to the Project
Manager. In addition, this event should be immediately reported by
telephone or FAX so that assistance or problem resolution can be
facilitated as soon as possible.

Any complaints from the community, or phone calls from survey
respondents complaining about project activities should be reported to
the Project Manager immediately. The Data Manager should also be alert
to possible or anticipated problems, and should discussed these with the
Project Manager in order to prevent problems before they become serious.

Personnel problems involving interviewers and survey staff may be
discussed with the Project Manager, but serious breeches in personnel
policy which could result in suspension or separation from employment
must be reported to the Project Manager immediately in addition to
compliance with personnel guidelines as set out in the PIRE Staff
Guidebook and Chapter VII of this manual.

**B. Weekly Conference** Call[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491312 .anchor}

The Project Manager will initiate a weekly conference call between the
data manager and PRC research staff at a mutually convenient time. This
call may take up to one hour and will include a routine agenda with
opportunities to add items of current import. Generally the call will
review the status of data collection, intervention efforts, personnel
and administrative issues, and a brief report of current community
events. In addition to keeping the Project Manager informed, this call
provides an opportunity for problem solving, technique sharing, and team
building for the geographically isolated data manager.

**C. Monthly Report**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491313 .anchor}

Data Managers should write a monthly report which will be due to the
Project Manager by the end of the first week of the month following the
month for which the report is being made. The purpose of this report is
to provide documentation for the process evaluation, create a
chronological account, provide feedback to the Project Manager, and to
assess what has been accomplished. The issues to be addressed in the
monthly report may change depending on the focus of the month, but
should generally cover the following points:

> I. Activities/Successes and problems in existing data collection
> efforts.\
> a. Community relations\
> b. Quality and quantity issues\
> c. General personnel issues\
> d. Special problems
>
> II\. Activities/successes and obstacles in the process of establishing
> new data collection efforts.
>
> III\. Issues in feeding back information to the community.
>
> IV\. Issues in collaboration with the host agency.
>
> V. Activities/successes and problems in general community relations.
>
> VI\. Identification of new resources in the community.
>
> VII\. Assistance provided to the site Project Coordinator.
>
> VII\. Other issues of importance.

These reports are not intended to be lengthy, a page or two may be
adequate. They should not take a lot of time to prepare, but should give
a concise overview of the month\'s events. It is also helpful if copies
of staff meeting minutes are appended to the report. To consolidate
reporting, it is helpful if Event Reporting Forms are also submitted
monthly and accompanying the Monthly Report.

**VII. Personnel** []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491314 .anchor}

**A. Hiring**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491315 .anchor}

The Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE), and the
Prevention Research Center (PRC) are Equal Opportunity Affirmative
Action Employers. PIRE has developed protocols for posting (advertising)
and reporting employment opportunities which must be followed to insure
the best employees and compliance with federal and state employment
guidelines. Some information is contained in the PIRE *Staff Guidebook*,
but current forms and information may be obtained from the Office
Manager at the PRC in Berkeley, or from the Human Resources Department
at PIRE\'s Rockville, MD office. The Data Manager is responsible for
adequately announcing any available positions, and for documenting all
employee recruiting efforts.

The Data Manager will provide new employees with the appropriate
employment information packet, and collect, verify and send to PRC and
PIRE the necessary employment forms, including the Personnel Action
Form, the I-9, and appropriate tax withholding forms. Depending upon the
data collection activities for which the person is being hired, the Data
Manager may also need to obtain the prospective employee\'s driver\'s
license number and proof of insurance.

The Data Manager is also responsible for collecting, reviewing and
transmitting time sheets in a properly executed and timely manner.
Guidelines for payroll issues are included in the PIRE *Staff Guidebook*
and may be updated periodically by memos from the Finance and
Administration Department of PIRE.

**B. Employee Performance**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491316 .anchor}

The Data Manager will provide periodic employee performance evaluations
for those employees with on-going data collection responsibilities.
During the first three months, all PIRE/PRC employees are on probation.
If employment continues beyond the initial three months, a performance
review is required. At this time, probation may be extended if
necessary. (See the PIRE *Staff Guidebook*). Following the probationary
period, employees should have a performance review at least annually.

Generally interviewers are evaluated on their professional appearance
and attitude, their punctuality, and their ability to do the assigned
tasks. Specific job descriptions are contained in the syllabus for each
data collection effort. For example, the *Interviewer\'s Manual*
contained in Appendix E (page [119](#ApxE)) details general interviewer
skill requirements, rules for absenteeism, and Appendix K (page
[196](#ApxK)) discusses Performance Evaluations and PIRE\'s drug free
workplace policy.

**C. Employee** **Safety**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491317 .anchor}

Survey conditions vary greatly, and survey protocols have been designed
to insure the safety of staff as much as possible. The Data Manager is
responsible for informing all data collection staff about appropriate
safety guidelines for their tasks. Any perceived safety issue not
covered in the data collection syllabi should be brought to the
attention of the Project Manager immediately.

**D. Separation From Employment**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491318
.anchor}

Many Federal and State laws apply to separation from employment. Whether
an employee leaves employment voluntarily, is separated from employment
because the task is complete, or is separated from employment for
failure to meet performance expectations, a Personnel Action Form must
be completed, and the Evaluation Coordinator notified immediately. The
Evaluation Coordinator will advise you regarding the appropriate actions
to take.

**VIII. Management of Equipment and
Supplies**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491319 .anchor}

**A. Purchasing of Equipment and
Supplies**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491320 .anchor}

Whenever possible, an account should be established which allows the
Data Manager to purchase such supplies as needed and have the cost
billed directly to PRC/PIRE. Work with the PRC Office Manager and the
appropriate local vendors to establish the necessary accounts. When it
is not possible to establish an account it may be necessary to obtain a
pro-forma bill for submission to PRC/PIRE. The pro-forma bill allows for
a pre-payment check to be sent to you or the vendor before goods are
released. For smaller items and on-going supply needs, petty cash is an
appropriate means of payment.

**B. Using Petty Cash**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc458491321 .anchor}

The Data Manager will have a petty cash fund to facilitate purchase of
supplies and reimbursement for local mileage involved in data collection
efforts. All purchases and reimbursements must be supported with
adequate documentation, and all funds must be accounted for using forms
and guidelines established by PRC/PIRE. Requests for replenishment of
petty cash should be sent to the Office Manager at PRC in Berkeley and
must include appropriate supporting documentation. Missing or
inappropriate support documents or lost funds are the responsibility of
the Data Manager.

Appendix A[]{#ApxA .anchor} []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491420 .anchor}\
\
\
\
Acquiring Injury Archival Data

Types of archival data to acquire:

> A Injury data including:\
> Mortality data and alcohol involvement\
> Trauma and alcohol related accidents\
> Other (as specified by the Project Manager)
>
> B Arrest data including:\
> Violent crimes\
> Public intoxication and alcohol-involved arrests\
> DUI arrests\
> Alcohol outlet citations
>
> C Other types of archival data\
> Traffic counts\
> Number of businesses\
> Conviction data\
> Victim data (e.g., 911 data)\
> Population and demographics

Possible archival sources for Injury and Mortality data

-   County Medical Examiners Office or County Coroner\'s Office

-   County Recorder - Records Department

-   Regional Trauma Center

-   Emergency Services Departments

-   Fire Departments

-   Lifeguard Services, or Park and Recreation Department records

-   Police Department (State traffic crash data will be retrieved by PRC
    staff in Berkeley)

-   Sheriff's Office

-   Others to be identified

    How to acquire archival data

> Identify yourself and state the purpose of your request. Determine
> what data are available. Questions and/or topics to cover include:
>
> 1 Are/is there a standard case report form(s) such as\
> a) Investigative report\
> b) Autopsy report\
> c) Toxicology report
>
> 2 What data elements are contained in each form?
>
> 3 May I have a copy of the blank form for each?
>
> 4 Are your files computerized?
>
> 5 What type of computer system is used? \[Mainframe, IBM PC, other
> (specify)\]
>
> 6 When did you start keeping the records on computer file?
>
> 7 Are files purged periodically? (e.g., will old data be lost and
> when?)
>
> 8 Are the individual reports linked (for example by case id number)?
>
> 9 Determine access to the records. If only hard copies are available,
> may they be viewed for research purposes? If computer data is
> available, may electronic data be retrieved? What formats are
> available? What is the cost? Can data be sorted and/or selected?

Types of variables we need

> 1 Demographic\
> a) Gender\
> b) Age\
> c) Race/Ethnicity\
> d) Others as available (marital status, etc.)
>
> 2 Event (e.g., injury, arrest or other data)\
> a) Date of event (injury, death, arrest, etc.)\
> b) Time of day of event (injury, death, arrest, etc.)\
> c) Type of event (cause of injury or death, type of arrest, etc.)\
> d) Location of event (as precisely as available)\
> if street address is not available, get zipcode\
> e) Alcohol involvement (BAC data if possible)
>
> Be sure to request a codebook which will explain values for each
> variable.
>
> Report your findings to the Project Manager. If a formal letter of
> request and/or prepayment are required, the Project Manager can
> arrange it with you. If only hard files are available, case-specific
> protocols will be developed by the Data Manager and Project Manager
> working together.

Appendix B[]{#ApxB .anchor} []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491421 .anchor}\
\
\
\
Enforcement Monitoring

**Enforcement Activity Monitoring**

The following is an example of the kind of data to be tracked in a
spreadsheet format. The basic structure of the spreadsheet should be
organized by month so that data may be entered into each category for
each month. Some categories such as patrol level will not change on a
monthly basis, but should be entered monthly anyway. The objective is to
monitor enforcement activities and the use of equipment as well as
possible. Suggested categories are:

1.  Total Arrests

2.  Total Arrests by Type:\
    Public Intoxication\
    Violent Crime\
    Outlet violations\
    DUI

> 3\. Arrests by regular patrols
>
> 4\. Arrests by special patrols
>
> 5\. ABC "Stings"\
> Number of on-premise stings\
> Number of off premise stings\
> Number of on-premise citations\
> Number of off-premise citations\
> Number of officers involved
>
> 6\. Sobriety checks\
> Number of cars\
> Number of police\
> Number of breathalyzers\
> Number of field sobriety checks\
> Number of arrests
>
> 7\. Zero Tolerance citations (in California only)
>
> 8\. Auto Impoundments (in California only)
>
> 9\. Other Alcohol-related arrests
>
> 9\. Patrol Levels
>
> 10\. Special Patrols
>
> 11\. Number of breathalyzers available to police department
>
> 12\. Number of people trained.

Appendix C []{#ApxC .anchor} []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491422 .anchor}\
\
\
\
Process Documentation

**SNAPP PROCESS EVALUATION**

**July 30, 1993**

The following is a presentation of the system that will be used for
conducting the process evaluation within the SNAPP Project. It describes
the overall research design of the project, examples of how the design
applies to individual components, the purpose of process evaluation, and
how what data will be collected as part of process evaluation, and
lastly, who is responsible for collecting the data.

I. [Overview of Research Design]{.underline}

The research design for SNAPP is based upon a
mobilization-to-intervention-to-outcome model much like that of the
original Community Trials Project. This can be illustrated with the
following diagram:

A\) Community \> B) Resource/capability \> C) Intervention \> D)
Intermediate\> E) Outcome

Mobilization Development Effects

Each of these is defined below:

A\) Community Mobilization

Community Mobilization is defined as those intentional efforts designed
to increase the willingness and ability of the community to address the
issues of alcohol-involved injury and death. The nature of the changes
can generally be categorized as those which will 1) increase community
understanding and concern about alcohol-involved injury and death, 2)
establish new organizations or enhance existing mobilizing activities
and organizations, and 3) affect the political and social climate for
alcohol policies.

Such change will be brought about by a variety of activities many of
which fall under the rubric of community advocacy: increasing and
changing the focus of news coverage, public education and communication;
working with key leaders and organizations, and fostering or creating
new organizations to support the overall project or individual
components, e.g. creating a local RBS council.

B\) Resource\\Capability Development

Resource\\Capability Development consists of those activities which are
prerequisites to the action implementation of an intervention. Examples
of such activities include: obtaining or reorganizing personnel,
obtaining or reallocating funding; reallocation, obtaining, creating or
reorganizing other resources; obtaining or developing programs;
organizational change which enhances the ability to create programs or
take action.

C\) Intervention

An intervention is an intentional activity or event that can directly
lower the risk of alcohol-involved injury or fatality, i.e., can
directly reduce high risk drinking, reduce the risk of physical
activities, or the combination of these would be included.

Examples of interventions would include operational changes in DUI
enforcement practices; changes in alcohol sales and serving practices;
local alcohol outlet distribution changes; number of people taking
safety training courses; number of police trained; number of servers
trained; number of parents trained about social access to alcohol;
number of retail establishment managers trained; specific policy
changes, or policies adopted by retail establishments, law enforcement,
city or county councils, or school systems that can have a direct effect
on reducing alcohol-involved injuries and fatalities, etc.

The scope and duration, or \"dose,\" of any intervention or change of
level of implementation is a attribute of an intervention. Intervention
with \"0\" dosage or strength can have no effect. In the trails project
using timeseries or longitudinal design, the evaluation of each
intervention requires the determination of the date when an intervention
began, the length of time or duration, and the dosage, scale or size.
For example, if two new DUI patrol officers are placed in operation,
what is the net increase in enforcement? What percentage of total
servers have completed RBS training at any point in time?

D\) Intermediate Effects of Interventions

Intermediate Effects refer to those changes which an intervention
directly causes, and which lead to reductions in alcohol-related injury
or fatality.

Examples of this would include: increase in DUI arrests; decrease in
positive or elevated BAC\'s at the roadside survey; decrease in reported
driving while under the influence from the phone survey; change in
perceived risk and actual risk behavior; increase in number of server
interventions; and reduction in sales to underage persons.

E\) Outcome

Outcome measures are alcohol-involved problems and problem indicators
including: youth access to alcohol, violent and alcohol-involved
arrests, alcohol premise citations, traffic crashes, intentional and
unintentional injuries, and fatalities.

II\. Overview Schemata

The evaluation design can be summarized as shown below:

**evaluation design for SNAPP**

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| \(A\)       | \(B\)       | \(C\)       | \(D\)       | \(E\)       |
|             |             |             |             |             |
| Community   | Resource/\  | In          | In          | Outcome     |
| M           | Capability  | tervention\ | termediate\ |             |
| obilization | Development | (Scope or   | Effect      |             |
|             |             | Dosage)     |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| • Community | • Resource  | •           | •           | • Change    |
| advocacy    | acquisition | Enforcement | Community/\ | youth       |
|             | or          | changes     | behavioral  | access to   |
| • Creation  | r           |             | change      | alcohol     |
| and         | eallocation | • Training  |             |             |
| development |             |             | • Reduced   | • Change in |
| of          | • Program   | • Legal     | risk        | crime rates |
| o           | design or   | change      | behavior    |             |
| rganization | development |             | involving   | • Change in |
|             |             | • Policy or | alcohol     | traffic     |
| •           | •           | procedural  |             | crashes     |
| Resolutions | Additional  | changes     | • Change in |             |
| of support  | funding     |             | drinking    | • Change in |
|             | acquired    | • Media     | patterns    | injury      |
| •           |             | associated  |             | rates       |
| Pr          | • Personnel | i           | • Change in |             |
| esentations | changes     | ntervention | alcohol     |             |
| to agencies |             |             | retail      |             |
| and         |             |             | behavior    |             |
| community   |             |             |             |             |
| or          |             |             |             |             |
| ganizations |             |             |             |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

III\. [Process Evaluation Overview]{.underline}

Process evaluation in this project provides two important compliments to
a scientific evaluation i.e., prevention activity and general
community-level information.

A. Monitoring Prevention Activities

The first goal of process evaluation is to monitor the individual
prevention programs or components. The program specific evaluation
provides both qualitative and quantitative information about the
activities and effects on program targets, and factors which assisted
and/or created barriers for each prevention program. Program activity
process evaluation also includes documentation of other factors, events,
or processes which surrounded or influenced the program. This
information facilitates understanding of individual program results and
provides a basis for interpretation of success and failure.

The goal of the process evaluation is to provide information about the
overall level of implementation, effectiveness, and impact of the
community-level prevention activities and strategies. In other words,
has the intervention been implemented as designed, at a sufficient level
to be effective and adequately to support an attribution of cause to any
changes in outcome measures. This type of process evaluation gives both
qualitative and quantitative information to assist in correctly
attributing any changes in the final outcome measures to the
intervention itself.

Specifically:

> 1\. Determine the extent to which the community builds capacity to
> prevent alcohol-related problems and the extent to which the community
> is activated or motivated to address this issue.
>
> 2\. To provide feedback to research team, program staff, and the
> community to identify omissions or problems in design or actual
> implementation which can be the basis of program modification.
>
> 3\. Monitor the implementation process (timing, level or \"dose\" of
> intervention, target population) to produce a historical record of the
> project .
>
> 4\. Improve practical understanding of how communities become
> activated to establish community-wide environmental programs to reduce
> alcohol-involved problems.
>
> 5\. Determine mechanisms of institutionalizing intervention components
> and assess the extent to which such institutionalization occurs.

B. General Community Level Information (Exogenous or Background
Variables)

The second goal is to have sufficiently rigorous measures of the primary
exogenous variables to aid in both interpreting the outcome evaluation
results and assessing the generalizability of the intervention effects.
Process evaluation here is used to describe global characteristics of
the community and factors affecting project implementation.

> 1\. Measure exogenous variables to aid in interpreting outcome
> evaluation results and to strengthen causal inferences.
>
> 2\. Assess the generalizability of the intervention effects to other
> sites.
>
> 3\. Describe the global characteristics and specific factors affecting
> program implementation.
>
> 4\. Monitor study and "at-large" neighborhoods to identify sources of
> non-equivalency.

IV\. [Data Collection for Prevention Activities]{.underline}

The outcome measures, level E in the research design, and the
intermediate effects, level D, already have established protocols that
are presently in place, or will be initiated when appropriate, to
capture the needed data.

Hence process evaluation data collection for prevention activities has
two major elements as presented in terms of the overall research design:

> • To capture what happens in steps a-b, mobilization and resource
> development of the overall research diagram.
>
> • To capture all events that are likely to have a direct effect on
> alcohol-related problems, or step 3, interventions:

Violence prevention programs: Any program which is specifically intended
to reduce violent crimes such as crimes associated with gang violence,
domestic violence, or outlets and violence, etc.

Injury reduction programs: Any program which is specifically intended to
reduce injury whether alcohol-related or not. Programs such as fire,
water, and traffic safety programs would all fall into this category as
well as DUI reduction RBS programs.

Alcohol access programs: Interventions to reduce access to alcohol by
underage or intoxicated patrons. Management training and development of
written policies and procedures for retail alcohol outlets; Server/Clerk
training to reduce sales to minors and intoxicated patrons; and zoning
law changes, conditional use permits and enforcement to restrict outlet
density, hours or activities in sensitive neighborhoods.

Alcohol consumption programs: Interventions to reduce alcohol
consumption in general or heavy drinking in particular. Alcohol
treatment programs as well as school based programs about alcohol, and
other programs to reduce youth drinking fall in this category.

Event Reporting Form

For purposes of data collection all process activities that are part of
Mobilization, Resource Development, or Interventions should be reported
on an Event Report Form (attached).

An Event Reporting Form is for those events which (1) increase community
or organizations awareness, support, or involvement in the issues
reducing youth access to alcohol, alcohol-involved or violent crime, or
alcohol-involved injury or fatalities, (2) make a difference in
community capability or resources to prevent alcohol involved problems,
or (3) specifically intervene to prevent or reduce alcohol-involved
problems. Examples of events for which a form should be completed
include:

> • media events, news coverage, public meetings, community forums,
> public rallies, new organizations etc, to educate or motivate the
> public about the problems of alcohol..
>
> • resource acquisition including award of outside grant, new
> appropriations from the city/county budgets to implement prevention
> programs, reallocation of resources, purchase of operational equipment
> such as passive sensors
>
> • developing or obtaining programs such as developing a local RBS
> training program or curriculum
>
> • formal changes in policies, procedures or law by city or county
> council, RBS council, local law enforcement, licensed on or off
> premise establishments, ABC, etc.
>
> • training to increase capability of participants to directly
> intervene in high risk drinking, e.g., policy enforcement training,
> manager/server RBS training, off premise clerk training about underage
> sales, parent training about social access to alcohol by youth, etc.
>
> • documentation of any existing (before or during trial) general
> safety or prevention efforts which can effect trauma, e.g., water
> safety, bicycle safety, EMT service, trauma treatment, school-based
> health and alcohol education.

The Event Form needs to capture not only what took place, when and where
it occurred, but also the dosage or extent: how many people were
effected, trained, on patrol; and for how long. To capture dosage it may
occasionally require a Event Form for an activity which has already been
reported on but for which the new form represents an update on the
dosage, for example a monthly or quarterly report on the number of
police on patrol.

V. [Quantifiable Community-Level Information]{.underline}

The SNAPP project obviously does not exist in a vacuum in each
neighborhood. There are likely to be a number of other potential factors
or causes which could yield the observed changes in the outcome
variables. Thus, we are concerned with internal validity or correctly
attributing cause to the interventions themselves. In order to properly
address internal validity we need to address alternative or competing
interpretations. The following outlines the community-level
sectors/subsystems/factors in the intervention and "at-large"
neighborhoods which are important to properly attribute cause as well as
understand the reasons for success and/or failures in the projects.

A. The economics of the neighborhood have a direct effect on alcohol use
and on general risk behavior.

1\. Per Capita Income \-- annual from state, dicennially from the US
Census, and periodically from the telephone survey

2\. Unemployment Rate \-- monthly from Employment Development Department

3\. Retail sales -- annually from County Business Patterns (zip), US.
Department of Labor

4\. Cost of Living Index

5\. Regional CPI \-- US. Department of Labor

6\. Description of Industrial/Business/Employer Mix \-- US. Census

B. Population Characteristics \-- Socio-demographics and Behavioral
Aspects

1\. Population by gender and age groups \-- annually, US. census

2\. Demographics

\(a\) Family composition

\(b\) Ethnic/racial composition

\(c\) Religions/denominational affiliation

\(d\) Occupational breakdown

C. Governmental Description \-- political processes are relevant to the
success of any prevention program but particularly relevant to
interventions which seeks to bring about structural changes in the
community.

\*1. Political/Governmental form

\(a\) City/county/state structures

(b) Local political interests, activities, conflicts, coalitions

(c) Neighborhood identity

\*2. Concentration of decision-making in local government

\*3. Integration and interaction with community organizations

D. Changes in State or Federal Laws, Policies, Enforcement Practices or
Funding

\* Priority, needs to be collected as no archival source exists.

VI\. [Qualitative Community - Level Information]{.underline}

In addition to the formalized data collection described above the
Project Coordinators will be producing weekly reports of their
activities. The logs will be used to provide the developmental process,
context and historical background to the project as a whole as well as
the individual interventions. They will be used for interpreting the
other materials used for process evaluation.

These logs are expected to include the items mentioned below as well as
their normal narrative.

[Weekly Logs]{.underline}

The weekly logs are the format for reporting local activities, contacts,
processes, which are of specific or general interest and relevance to
the SNAPP project. The weekly logs should contain detailed information
about:

Any contact (verbal or written) with a key leader, group(s), or
organization(s) that increases the willingness, ability, or support of
the community to address alcohol involved crime, injuries or problems.
The record of each contact should include (at a minimum):

> • Date of the Contact
>
> • Type of Contact: in person meeting, telephone, letter/fax/memo
>
> • Where meeting took place
>
> • Description of who was involved. Participants (name and
> organization(s) if 5 or less) or organization(s) only or description
> if not a formal organization, e.g., group of concerned parents if more
> than 5
>
> • Number of participants in the meeting including SNAPP staff.
>
> • Subject/purpose of the contact:
>
> • Final Outcome(s): (decisions/action to be taken including no action
> or agreement to meet again).

VII\. [Who Will Collect the Process Evaluation Data]{.underline}

Local data for process evaluation will be collected by the Data Manager.
PRC research staff in Berkeley will collect state or national level
data.

The Data manager will be responsible for filling out the Event Reporting
form and Intervention Reporting form for all activities of interest to
the project, whether or not they were initiated by the SNAPP project.
Data managers should fill out the forms on an as needed basis (e.g.,
when something happens that qualifies a form should be filled out, if
nothing occurs then no forms are filled out).

**EVENT REPORTING FORM**

Prevention Research Center\
SNAPP Project

1\. **Event Reporting Form Number** \_\_ \_\_ \_\_ \_\_ - \_\_ \_\_ -
\_\_ \_\_ \_\_\
\
2. [Links]{.underline}: a) \_\_\_\_ New form b) \_\_\_ an update to form
\# \_\_ \_\_ \_\_ \_\_ - \_\_ \_\_ - \_\_ \_\_ \_\_\
c) \_\_\_ related to form \# \_\_ \_\_ \_\_ \_\_ - \_\_ \_\_ - \_\_ \_\_
\_\_

3\. [Name of Event]{.underline} (Brief descriptive title)\
\
4. [Date:]{.underline} a) Started \_\_\_/\_\_\_/\_\_\_ b) Ended
\_\_\_/\_\_\_/\_\_\_ c) \_\_\_ on-going\
\
5. [Neighborhood]{.underline} a) \_\_\_\_ South b) \_\_\_\_\_ North c)
\_\_\_\_ At Large d) \_\_\_\_ All 3\
\
6. [Category]{.underline}: a) \_\_\_\_ Mobilization b) \_\_\_\_ Resource
Development\
c) \_\_\_\_ Intervention d) \_\_\_\_ Historical/Archival\
\
7. [Component]{.underline} (check all that apply)\
a) \_\_\_ Awareness b) \_\_\_ RBS c) \_\_\_ Underage Access\
d) \_\_\_ Enforcement e) \_\_\_ Community Mobilization\
\
8. [Type of Event]{.underline} (Check all that apply):\
a) \_\_\_ Media b) \_\_\_\_ Meeting c) \_\_\_\_Public Event\
d) \_\_\_ Funding e) \_\_\_\_ Personnel Change f) \_\_\_ Policy/law
change\
g) \_\_\_ Modified program h) \_\_\_\_New Program\
i) \_\_\_\_Other (specify):\
\
\
9. [Target of Event]{.underline} (Check all that apply):\
a) \_\_\_ Youth b) \_\_\_ Ethnic Minority (specify)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\
c)\_\_\_ Women d) \_\_\_ Community Agency e) \_\_\_ Funding Agency\
f) \_\_\_ Retailers g) \_\_\_ Law Makers h)\_\_\_ Police\
i) \_\_\_ Other (specify): \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ j) All

Side 2 **Event Reporting Form Number**: \_\_ \_\_ \_\_ \_\_ - \_\_
\_\_ - \_\_ \_\_ \_\_

10\. [Size of the Event]{.underline}:\
a) Number of units: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (check unit in 10b below)\
b) Type of unit: \_\_\_\_ count; \_\_\_\_ hours; \_\_\_\_days; \_\_\_\_
months; \_\_\_\_ years\
c) Number of participants: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\
d) Number of organizations/agencies involved: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\
e) Cost or money involved: \$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\
f) Other measures (specify):\
\
11. [Major Organizations Involved]{.underline}:\
\
\
12. [Significant Individuals Involved]{.underline}:\
\
\
13. [Description of Event]{.underline} (include goals and intent):\
\
\
\
\
\
14. [Response or Effect]{.underline}:\
\
\
\
15. [Other Comments]{.underline} (e.g., list of attachments):\
\
\
\
16. Completed by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ on
(date) \_\_\_/\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\
\
17. Electronically entered by: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ on (date)
\_\_\_ / \_\_\_ / \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Appendix D []{#ApxD .anchor} []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491423 .anchor}\
\
\
\
SNAPP Community Telephone Survey

Draft SNAPP Sacramento QUESTIONNAIRE in English

CATI version Katrin Ewald

last modified 09/23/99

\*\*plus some edits by phone 9/28/99\*\*

\*\*plus Andrew's late CSAP add-ons\*\*

q:
Int1a\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Hello, my name is \_\_\_\_\_\_ and I\'m calling from the federal

Department of Health and Human Services.

Is this (INSERT PHONE NUMBER AND AREA CODE).

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If yes, continue with Int1b

If no excuse and end call

q:
Int1b\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

We are conducting a study about problems in your

neighborhood today and would like to interview

someone in your household. I can assure you that

I am not selling anything. I need to speak to

someone who is 18 or older. Would that be you?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If yes go to Int4

If no go to Int2a

q:
Int2a\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Does anyone over the age of 17 live in your household?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If no: end interview

q:
Int2b\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

May I speak with that person, please?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If yes, go to Int3

If no, arrange a call back

q:
Int3\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Hello, my name is \_\_\_\_\_\_ and I\'m calling from the federal

Department of Health and Human Services. We are conducting a

study about problems in your neighborhood today and would like

to interview someone in your household. I can assure you that

I am not selling anything and that I will get through the

questions as quickly as possible.

q:
Int4a\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

First, we need to make sure you are living in our study area.

What is the name of the street you are living on?

ENTER STREET NAME

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Int4b\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

What would be your closest cross street?

(HERE THE INTERVIEWER HAS TO GET A PULL DOWN MENUE WITH THE CROSS
STREETS OF THE STREET NAME GIVEN BY RESPONDENT - THE COMPUTER HAS TO
COMPARE IF THIS STREET COMBINATION LIES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA.)

Insert cross street and location validation syntax from Freeman &
Sullivan here

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If in study area, continue to Int5a

If not, end interview

q:
Int5a\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

We need to select one person between the ages of 15 and 29

to participate in the study. How many people living in

your household are between the ages of 15 and 29?

{get number and continue with Int5b}.

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If 0 end interview

q:
Int5b\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Of those {# of people aged 15-29} people, which person most

recently celebrated a birthday?

(INTERVIEWER: IF NECESSARY ASK FOR THE NAME OF THAT PERSON)

{collect the first name = PERSON NAMED}

1\. I am that person

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If 1 go to Int6a

If name given, enter first name and go to Int6b

q:
Int6a\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

And how old are you?

(GET AGE) (must be between 15-29)

99\. Refused

If age not between 15 and 29 go to Int5a else go to Int10b

q:
Int6b\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

And how old would (PERSON NAMED) be?

(ENTER AGE) (must be between 15-29)

99\. Refused

IF (PERSON NAMED) age is \<18 go to Int7

If (PERSON NAMED) age is \>=18 go to Int9b

IF (person nemad) age is \>29 skp to Int5b

(THIS IS TO MAKE SURE THAT PERSON WITH MOST RECENT B-DAY IS BETWEEN
15-29)

q:
Int7\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

We would like to interview {PERSON NAMED}. Since he/she

is under age 18 we would like to get permission from his/her

parent or guardian. Would that person be you?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If yes, go to Int9a

If no, go to Int8a

q:
Int8a\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

May I speak to {person named}\'s parent or guardian now?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

(INTERVIEWER: IF YES, WAIT FOR PERSON TO COME TO PHONE)

If yes, go to Int8b

If no, go to Int8c

q:
Int8b\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Hello, my name is \_\_\_\_\_\_ and I\'m calling from the federal

Department of Health and Human Services. We are conducting

a study about problems in your neighborhood today and

(continue with Int9a)

q:
Int8c\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

What is the name of the parent or guardian?

(ARRANGE CALL BACK) and begin at Int8b

q:
Int9a\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

I would like your permission to interview {person named}.

He or she will be asked questions about alcohol-involved

problems in your neighborhood, his or her use of alcohol

or drugs - if any, and his/her beliefs regarding alcohol

use and problems. Participation in the study is voluntary

and he/she may refuse to participate. Additionally,

{person named} may decide to discontinue participation

at any time or to refuse to answer individual questions.

All information obtained from {person named} is

strictly confidential and will not be released to anyone

outside our research staff. There is a toll-free telephone

number we can provide you to talk to a member of our

research staff in case you have further questions or you want

to verify the nature of the survey.

May we have your permission to interview {person named}?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If Yes, go to Int9b

If No, thank respondent and end interview

q:
Int9b\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

May I speak to {person named} now?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If yes, go to Int10a

If no, arrange a call back and begin with Int10a

q:
Int10a\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Hello {person named}, my name is \_\_\_\_\_, and I\'m calling

from the federal Department of Health and Human Services.

We are conducting a study about problems in your neighborhood

today. I can assure you that I am not selling anything and

that I will get through the questions as quickly as possible.

q:
Int10b\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

I will be asking questions about alcohol-involved problems

in your neighborhood, use of alcohol or drugs - if any,

and your beliefs regarding alcohol use and problems.

Participation in this research project is completely

voluntary and all information will be kept confidential

and only seen by researchers. This call may be monitored

by my supervisor to insure I\'m doing it correctly.

q: Int 11a
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

Including yourself, altogether, how many people live in your household?\
\_\_\_\_\_\_ (must be at least 1)\
If \>1 go to Int 11b

q:Int 11b
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

How many of these \<# from Int 11a\> people are age 18 or older?

\_\_\_\_\_\_ (must be at least 1)\
If \>1 go to Int 12a

q: Int 12a
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

Do you have more than one telephone number in your household?\
1 No, only one telephone\
2 Yes, more than one telephone

if 1 go to Q1; else go to Int 12b

q: Int 12b
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

How many residential telephone numbers do you have?

(Exclude dedicated FAX and computer lines)\
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \# of phone lines (must be greater than 1).

c: **QUESTIONNAIRE**

q:
Q1\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

The following are problems that sometimes occur in

neighborhoods. Tell me whether you think each is

a big problem, somewhat of a problem or not a problem in

your neighborhood.

Is High unemployment a

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q2\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

How about Conflicts and/or hassles between ethnic groups?

Do you think that is a big problem, somewhat of a problem,

or not a problem in your neighborhood?

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q3\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

How about Vandalism, destruction of property?

Do you think that is a big problem, somewhat of a problem,

or not a problem in your neighborhood?

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q4\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

How about Little respect for rules/laws/authority?

(Do you think that is a big problem, somewhat of a

problem, or not a problem in your neighborhood?)

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q5\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Police harassment of residents?

(Do you think that is a big problem, somewhat of a

problem, or not a problem in your neighborhood?)

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q6\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Prostitution?

(Do you think that is a big problem, somewhat of a

problem, or not a problem in your neighborhood?)

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:7
Q7\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Heavy car or vehicle traffic?(Do you think that is a big problem,
somewhat of a

problem, or not a problem in your neighborhood?)

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q8\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

A lot of violence?

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q9\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Sexual assaults or rapes?

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q10\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Burglaries and thefts?

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q11\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Gambling?

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q12\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Run down / poorly kept buildings / yards?

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

98 Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q13\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Syndicate, Mafia, or organized crime?

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

98 Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q14\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Assaults and muggings?

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q15\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Drugs and drug sales?

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q16\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Lots of liquor stores?

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q17\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Loitering?

1\. Big Problem

2\. Somewhat a Problem

3\. Not a Problem

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q18\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Now let\'s talk about your neighborhood. How many years

have you lived in this neighborhood?

RECORD NUMBER OF YEARS. (must be less than respondents age)

00\. All my life

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q19\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

About how many times have you changed residence during

the past 5 years?

RECORD TIMES CHANGED RESIDENCE.

\# TIMES

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q20\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Would you prefer to live in this neighborhood,

another neighborhood in Sacramento, in the suburbs,

or somewhere else?

1\. This neighborhood

2\. Another neighborhood in Sacramento

3\. In the suburbs

4\. Somewhere else

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q21\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

How would you rate your neighborhood as a place to live?

Would you say it is very good, good, fair, bad,

or very bad?

1\. Very good

2\. Good

3\. Fair

4\. Bad

5\. Very bad

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q22\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Over the years, how has this neighborhood changed as a

place to live? Has it gotten a lot better, somewhat

better, stayed the same, gotten somewhat worse,

or a lot worse?

1\. A lot better

2\. Somewhat better

3\. Stay the same

4\. Somewhat worse

5\. A lot worse

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q23\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Overall, where do you see this neighborhood going in

the future? Do you think it will get a lot better, somewhat

better, stay about the same, get somewhat worse,

or a lot worse?

1\. A lot better

2\. Somewhat better

3\. Stay about the same

4\. Get somewhat worse

5\. A lot worse

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q24\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Of the men in this neighborhood, how many do you think

are working steadily, would you say almost all, most,

some, very few, or none at all

1\. Almost all

2\. Most

3\. Some

4\. Very few

5\. None at all

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q25\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past 12 months, were you or any member of your

household beaten or injured during a crime?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q26\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past twelve months have you been approached for

drug sales in your neighborhood?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q27\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Have you seen public drug sales taking place in your

neighborhood?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q28\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Do you know anyone who has purchased drugs in your

neighborhood?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q29\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Do any of your relatives live in your neighborhood

\[aside from those who may live in your (building/house with you)\]?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q30\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

How many of the families on your block do you know?

Almost all, most, some, very few, or none?

1\. Almost all

2\. Most

3\. Some

4\. Very few

5\. None

q:
Q31\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you worked for some group or

organization to change something in your community?

By this I mean something like getting better city

services, registering voters, starting a block club,

or something like that?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q32\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Are you currently registered to vote?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q33A\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Now I\'ll read a list of different kinds of organizations.

Please tell me if you attend their meetings regularly:

Block clubs, neighborhood or tenants groups,

or community organizations?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q33B\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(Now I\'ll read a list of different kinds of organizations.

Please tell me if you attend their meetings regularly.)

Political party organizations?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q33C\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

PTA or school-related groups?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q33D\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Social clubs, sports teams, or fraternal groups?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q33E\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Church related groups?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q34\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

How often do you travel outside your neighborhood for

work, movies, classes, shopping, or for any other reason?

Would you say every day, several times a week, once a

week, once every two weeks, once a month or less than

once a month?

1\. Every day

2\. Several times a week

3\. Once a week

4\. Once every two weeks

5\. Once a month

6\. Less than once a month

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q35\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

When was the last time you traveled outside the

Sacramento area?

RECORD YEAR (in 4 digits)

0\. Never

7\. Don\'t know

8\. Refused

q:
Q36\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

How often do you read a newspaper? Would you say every day,

almost every day, just on weekends, occasionally, or never?

1\. Every day

2\. Almost every day

3\. Week ends

4\. Occasionally

0\. Never

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q37\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

How often do you listen to the NEWS on the radio?

Would you say every day, almost every day, just on

weekends, occasionally, or never?

1\. Every day

2\. Almost every day

3\. Weekends

4\. Occasionally

0\. Never

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q38\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5 How often do you watch the NEWS on television?

Would you say every day, almost every day, just on

weekends, occasionally, or never?

1\. Every day

2\. Almost every day

3\. Weekends

4\. Occasionally

0\. Never

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

c: CONSUMPTION

q:
Q39\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Now I\'m going to ask you some questions about drinking.

In the last 12 months, about how often did you drink

any kind of alcoholic beverage \-- a glass of beer, wine,

or a drink with hard liquor? Would you say:

1\. Once a day

2\. Nearly every day

3\. Once or twice a week

4\. About once a month

5\. Less than once a month but at least once a year

10\. Never during the last 12 months, but had a drink before that

11\. Never had a drink of alcohol

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If Q39\<10 go to Q40

If Q39\>=10 go to Q116

q:
Q40\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

During the past 4 weeks (or 28 days),that is

since \<date - 28 days\>, on how many days would you say

you had at least one drink of beer, wine or liquor?

(By a \"drink\" we mean a 12-ounce glass, bottle or can of

beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, a one-ounce shot of liquor

such as vodka, whiskey, gin, or malt liquor. Therefore a

six pack of beer consists of 6 drinks, a bottle of wine 5

drinks, and a quart of liquor 32 drinks.)

RECORD \# OF DAYS: (0-28)

88\. Don\'t Know

99\. Refused

If Q40=0, go to Q46;

If Q40 between 1 and 28 go to Q41;

If Q40 between 29 and96, invalid, repeat the question;

If Q40=97 or Q40=98, go to Q45

q:
Q41\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

On how many of these \<# from Q40\> days would you say

you had more than one drink?

RECORD \# OF DAYS: (between 0-Q40)

88\. Don\'t Know

99\. Refused

If Q41=0, go to Q45;

If Q41 between 1 and 28, \# must be \<=Q40 and go to Q42;

If Q41=97 or Q41=98, go to Q45

q:
Q42\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

On how many of these \<# from Q41\> days would you say

you had three or more drinks?

\# OF DAYS: 0-Q41

88\. Don\'t Know

99\. Refused

If Q42=0, go to Q45;

If Q42 between 1 and 28, \# must be \<=Q41 and go to Q43;

If Q42=97 or Q42=98, go to Q45

q:
Q43\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

On how many of these \<# from Q42\> days would you say

you had six or more drinks?

RECORD \# OF DAYS: 0-Q42

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If Q43=0, go to Q45;

If Q43 between 1 and 28, \# must be \<=Q42; go to Q44;

If Q43=97 or Q43=98, go to Q45

q:
Q44\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

On how many of these \<# from Q43\> days would you say

you had nine or more drinks?

RECORD \# OF DAYS: 0-Q43

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If Q44=0, go to Q45;

If Q44 between 1 and 28, \# must be \<=Q43 and go to Q45;

If Q44=97 or Q44=98, go to Q45

q:
Q45\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

What was the greatest number of drinks you had on any

one day in the past 4 weeks?

RECORD \# OF DRINKS: 1-96

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If Q45=0 go to Q46 (only possible if Refused on Q40); Else go to Q52

q:
Q46\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past 12 months, on about how many days would you

say you had at least one drink of beer, malt liquor,

wine or liquor?

RECORD \# OF DAYS: 0-365

888\. Don\'t Know

999\. Refused

If Q46=0, go to Q116;

If Q46 between 1 and 365, go to Q47;

If Q46=997 or Q8=998, go to Q51.

q:
Q47\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

On how many of these \<# from Q46\> days would you say you

had more than one drink?

RECORD \# OF DAYS: 0-Q46

888\. Don\'t know

999\. Refused

If Q47=0, go to Q51;

If Q47 between 1 and 365, \# must be \<=Q46 then go to Q48;

If Q47=997 or Q47=998, go to Q51.

q:
Q48\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

On how many of these \<# from Q47\> days would you say

you had three or more drinks?

RECORD \# OF DAYS: 0- Q47

888\. Don\'t know

999\. Refused

If Q48=0, go to Q51;

If Q48 between 1 and 365, \# must be \<=Q47 then go to Q49;

If Q48=997 or Q48=998, go to Q51.

q:
Q49\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

On how many of these \<# from Q48\> days would you say you

had six or more drinks?

RECORD \# OF DAYS: 0-Q48

888\. Don\'t know

999\. Refused

If Q49=0, go to Q51;

If Q49 between 1 and 365, \# must be \<=Q48 then go to Q50;

If Q49=997 or Q49=998, go to Q51.

q:
Q50\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

On how many of these \<# from Q49\> days would you say you

had nine or more drinks?

RECORD \# OF DAYS: 0-Q49

888\. Don\'t know

999\. Refused

If Q50=0, go to Q51;

If Q50 between 1 and 365, \# must be \<=Q49 then go to Q51;

If Q50=997 or Q50=998, go to Q51.

q:
Q51\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

What was the greatest number of drinks you had on any

one day in the past 12 months? (Just your best estimate.)

RECORD \# OF DRINKS: 0-97

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

All go to Q52 (don\'t bother to reconcile with Q46-Q51 series)

q:
Q52\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Some people have a drink quite regularly, others drink

alcohol only from time to time, and others on special

occasions.

Would you say you drink on most days?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q53\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Would you say you drink on some days and not others?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q54\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(Would you say you):

drink on most weekends

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q55\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(Would you say you):

drink on some weekends and not others

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q56\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(Would you say you):

drink sometime in every month?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q57\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(Would you say you):

drink some months and not others?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q58\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(Would you say you):

usually drink at meals when out?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q59\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(Would you say you):

usually drink at meals at home?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q60\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(Would you say you):

typically drink only when out with friends?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q61\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(Would you say you):

drink whenever the social opportunity arises?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

q:
Q62\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(Would you say you):

drink after work?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

IF Q40\>0, go to Q63;

If Q46\>0 (or if Q39\<10 and Q40=0) go to Q72;

q:
Q63\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past 4 weeks (or 28 days), on how many days have

you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...

at home?

(Probe: Just your best estimate is fine)

\# should be between 0 and 28

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

q:
Q64\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past 4 weeks (or 28 days), on how many days have

you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...

at a friend\'s or relative\'s home?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

(Probe: Just your best estimate is fine)

\# should be between 0 and 28

q:
Q65\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past 4 weeks (or 28 days), on how many days have

you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\... in a bar?

(Probe: Just your best estimate is fine) \# should be between 0 and 28

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

q:
Q66\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(In the past 4 weeks (or 28 days), on how many days have

you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...)

in a restaurant?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

(Probe: Just your best estimate is fine)

\# should be between 0 and 28

q:
Q67\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(In the past 4 weeks (or 28 days), on how many days have

you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...)

at a party/fiesta or other social gathering ?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

q:
Q68\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(In the past 4 weeks (or 28 days), on how many days have

you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...)

at a family get-together?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

q:
Q69\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(In the past 4 weeks (or 28 days), on how many days have

you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...)

at a park or other public place?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

q:
Q70a\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(In the past 4 weeks (or 28 days), on how many days have

you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...)

in some other place?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

(Other than at home, at a friend\'s home, at a bar, at a

restaurant, or at a party/fiesta, family get-together, a

park or other public place)

If Q70a\>0 go to Q70b Else go to Q79.

q:
Q70b\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Where was that?

(Specify)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

all skipto Q79

q:
Q71\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

In the past 12 months (or 365 days), on how many days

have you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...

at home?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

(Probe: \"Just your best estimate is fine\")

\# should be between 0 and 365

q:
Q72\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

In the past 12 months (or 365 days), on how many

days have you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...

at a friend\'s or relative\'s home?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

(Probe: \"Just your best estimate is fine\")

\# should be between 0 and 365

q:
Q73\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

In the past 12 months (or 365 days), on how many days

have you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...

in a bar?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

(Probe: \"Just your best estimate is fine\")

\# should be between 0 and 365

q:
Q74\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

(In the past 12 months (or 365 days), on how many days

have you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...)

in a restaurant?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

\# should be between 0 and 365

q:
Q75\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

(In the past 12 months (or 365 days), on how many days

have you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...)

at a party/fiesta or other social gathering?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

\# should be between 0 and 365

q:
Q76\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

(In the past 12 months (or 365 days), on how many days

have you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...)

at a family get-together?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

\# should be between 0 and 365

q:
Q77\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

(In the past 12 months (or 365 days), on how many days

have you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...)

at a park or other public place?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

\# should be between 0 and 365

q:
Q78a\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

In the past 12 months (or 365 days), on how many days

have you had a drink of beer, wine or liquor\...

in some other place?

RECORD NUMBER\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#

\# should be between 0 and 365

(Other than .at home, at a friend\'s home, at a bar, at a

restaurant, at party/fiesta, family get-together, park or

public park).

If Q70a\>0 go to Q78b Else go to Q79.

q:
Q78b\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Where was that?

(Specify)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

q:
Q79\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

The questions I just asked you were for the last \_\_\_\_\_.

{If Q40\>0 fillin \"28 days\"; If Q46\>0, fillin \"12 months\"}

Now I\'d like to ask you about the type of beverage that

you usually drink.

Do you drink \...

1\. beer,

2\. wine,

3\. hard liquor

4\. malt liquor

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q80\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

The next few questions are asked of everybody who does

any drinking at all. Please answer \"Yes\" or \"No\" to each

of the following questions:

In the past year, have you:

Purchased alcohol at a grocery, liquor, or

convenience store?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q81\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you:

Purchased alcohol at a bar or restaurant?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q82\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you:

Purchased alcohol for a friend or acquaintance?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q83\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you:

Gone to a party where alcohol was served?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q84\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you:

Offered alcohol to a friend?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q85\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you:

Offered alcohol to your date?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q86\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you:

Gotten together informally with friends to drink?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q87\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you:

Drunk alcohol before or after a concert or sporting event

(e.g., a football game)?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If age \>=21 go to Q93;

If age \<21 continue to Q88

q:
Q88\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you:

Been offered alcohol while at home with your parents?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q89\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you:

Been offered alcohol while on a date?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q90\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you:

Been offered alcohol while out with friends?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q91\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you:

Been offered alcohol by a friend?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q92\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, have you:

Asked an older youth or adult to purchase alcohol?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q93\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

In the past year, has your drinking caused you to

have a hangover?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q94\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In the past year, has your drinking caused you to

do something you later regretted?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q95\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

In the past year, has your drinking caused you to

forget where you were or what you did?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q96\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

(In the past year, has your drinking caused you to)

Argue with friends?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q97\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Engage in unplanned sexual activity?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q98\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Not use protection when you had sex?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q99\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Damage property?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q100\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Get into trouble with the police?

1\. Yes

2\. No88. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q101\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Get hurt or injured?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q102\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Be the victim of a crime?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q103\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Get nauseated or vomit?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q104\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Drive a car while under the influence?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q105\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Be criticized by someone you know?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q106\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Be taken advantage of sexually?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q107\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Take advantage of another sexually?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q108\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Go to work high or drunk?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q109\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Get into physical fights when drinking?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q110\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Become very rude, obnoxious, or insulting after drinking?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q111\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Drive after drinking alcohol?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q112\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Ride with a driver who was high or drunk?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If Age \<21 go to Q113; else go to Q116.

q:Q113\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

How easy or difficult would it be for you to:

Find a party where you could go and drink?

1\. Very Easy

2\. Easy

3\. Neither easy nor difficult

4\. Difficult

5\. Very difficult

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q114\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

How easy or difficult would it be for you to:

Find a friend or acquaintance who would purchase

alcohol for you?

1\. Very Easy

2\. Easy

3\. Neither easy nor difficult

4\. Difficult

5\. Very difficult

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q115\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

(How easy or difficult would it be for you to):

Find a stranger who would purchase alcohol for you?

1\. Very Easy

2\. Easy

3\. Neither easy nor difficult

4\. Difficult

5\. Very difficult

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

c: TOBACCO/DRUG USE

q:
Q116\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in your entire life?

(Probe: 100 cigarettes is 5 packs)

1.. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If Refused and don\'t know go to Q119

If ans = 1 go to Q117

If 2 go to Q119

q:
Q117\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Do you now smoke cigarettes every day, some days, or

not at all?

1\. Every day go to Q118

2\. Some days go to Q118

3\. Not at all go to Q119

88\. Don\'t know go to Q119

99\. Refused go to Q119

q:
Q118\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

On the average, when you smoked during the past 28 days,

about how many cigarettes did you smoke a day?

(Probe: 1 pack=20 cigarettes)

\_\_\_\_\_\_ \# of cigarettes per day

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q119\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

During the past 28 days, that is since \<date 28 days\>,

have you used any illegal drugs?

(Prompt: \"Like marijuana, cocaine or heroin.\")

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If Q119=\"No\" go to Q139 If Q119=\"yes\" go to Q120;

If Q119=\"Don\'t Know\", go to Q120;

If Q119=\"Refused\" go to Q139

q:
Q120\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

During the past 28 days have you used any marijuana,

hashish, or pot?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If \"yes\" or \"DK\" go to Q121; else go to Q122

q:
Q121\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

On how many of those 28 days did you use it?

RECORD NUMBER OF DAYS (between 0-28)

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q122\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

During the past 28 days have you:

used any cocaine or crack?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If \"yes\" or \"DK\" go to Q123; else go to Q124

q:
Q123\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

On how many of those 28 days did you use it?

RECORD NUMBER OF DAYS \# (between 0-28)

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If 0, reconcile; else \# must be \<=28, go to Q124

q:
Q124\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

During the past 28 days have you

used any heroin or other opiates?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If \"yes\" or \"DK\" go to Q125; else go to Q126

q:
Q125\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

On how many of those 28 days did you use it?

RECORD NUMBER OF DAYS \# (between 0-28)

q:
Q126\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

During the past 28 days have you:

used non-prescription methadone?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If \"yes\" or \"DK\" go to Q127else go to Q128

q:
Q127\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

On how many of those 28 days did you use it?

RECORD NUMBER OF DAYS \# (between 0-28)

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q128\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

During the past 28 days have you:

used PCP or other hallucinogens/ psychedelics, LSD,

mushrooms, mescaline?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If \"yes\" or \"DK\" go to Q129; else go to Q130

q:Q129\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

On how many of those 28 days did you use it?

RECORD \# OF DAYS (between 0-28)

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If 0, reconcile; else \# must be \<=28, go to Q130

q:
Q130\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

During the past 28 days have you used methamphetamine

or other amphetamines, uppers?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If \"yes\" or \"DK\" go to Q131; else go to Q132

q:
Q131\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

On how many of those 28 days did you use it?

RECORD \# OF DAYS (between 0-28)

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q132\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

During the past 28 days have you used benzodiazepines,

barbiturates, other tranquilizers, downers, sedatives,

or hypnotics?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If \"yes\" or \"DK\" go to Q133; else go to Q134

q:
Q133\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

On how many of those 28 days did you use it?

RECORD \# OF DAYS (between 0-28)

q:
Q134\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

During the past 28 days have you used:

inhalants, poppers, rush, whippets?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If \"yes\" or \"DK\" go to Q135; else go to Q136

q:
Q135\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

On how many of those 28 days did you use it?

RECORD \# OF DAYS (between 0-28)

If 0, reconcile; else \# must be \<=28,

q:
Q136\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

During the past 28 days have you used:

used any other illegal drugs?

1\. Yes

2\. No

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If \"yes\" go to Q137

all other go to Q139

q:
Q137\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

What drugs?

Specify: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

q:
Q138\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

On how many of those 28 days did you use it?

RECORD NUMBER OF DAYS (between 0-28)

If 0, reconcile; else \# must be \<=28,

c: ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS

q:
Q139\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

How wrong do you think it is for someone your age to

drink beer, wine or hard liquor(for example, vodka,

whiskey or gin) regularly?

1\. Very wrong

2\. Wrong

3\. A little bit wrong

4\. Not wrong at all

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q140\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

How wrong do you think it is for someone your age to

smoke marijuana?

1\. Very wrong

2\. Wrong

3\. A little bit wrong

4\. Not wrong at all

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q141\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5 How wrong do you think it is for someone your age

to use LSD, cocaine, amphetamines or another illegal drug?

1\. Very wrong

2\. Wrong

3\. A little bit wrong

4\. Not wrong at all

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q142\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

How do you feel about adults driving a car after having

one or two drinks of an alcoholic beverage?

1\. Neither approve nor disapprove

2\. Somewhat disapprove

3\. Strongly disapprove

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If Q39=11, go to Q144; Else, go to Q143

q:
Q143\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

At what age did you have your full drink of alcohol?

RECORD \# \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ years

C: DEMOGRAPHICS

q:
Q144\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

What is the highest level of education you have finished,

whether or not you received a degree?

RECORD NUMBER OF YEARS (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_#)

(1=1st grade

12=12th grade

13=college freshman

16=college completion

0=No formal education)

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If Q144\<12 and respondent age\<18, go to Q145a;

If Q144\<12 and respondent age \>17, go to Q145b;

all else go to Q146a.

q:
Q145a\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Are you currently enrolled in school?

1\. Yes

2\. No

If 1 go to Q146a

If 2 go to Q145b

q:
Q145b\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

Do you have a GED (Graduate Equivalent Diploma)?

1\. Yes

2\. No

q:
Q146a\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

What is your height please, in feet and inches?

(\"Just your best guess is fine.\"}

RECORD NUMBER OF FEET\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (between 4-7feet)

(in feet)

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If Q146a \<4 prompt;

If Q146a is \>=4 and \<=7 continue in Q146b for inches; If Refused, go
to Q147

q:
Q146b\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

(RECORD HERE ADDITIONAL INCHES)

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_INCHES (between 0-12 Inches)

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

\# must be less than 12, this is inches above the

feet in Q146a.

q:
Q147\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

T: 5 5

How much do you weigh in pounds?

RECORD NUMBER OF POUNDS (between 040-450)

888\. Don\'t know

999\. Refused

q:
Q148\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

What is your current marital status? Are you \...

1\. Married

2\. Living with someone (in a marriage-like relationship)

3\. Separated

4\. Divorced

5\. Widowed, or

6\. Single (never married)

8\. Refused go to Q149

q:
Q149\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t:5 5

Which of these groups best describes your family of origin?

(May choose more than one)

1\. Asian or Asian-American,

2\. Black or African-American,

3\. Hispanic, (Latino, Mexican, Mexican-American, Chicano,

or some other Spanish heritage)

4\. White or Caucasian

5\. Middle Eastern

6\. Native American or Native Alaskan,

7\. Pacific Islander, or

8\. Filipino?

9\. OTHER

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If any Q149=3 go to Q150; Else, go to Q156

q:
Q150\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t:5 5

Were you born in the United States or elsewhere?

1\. USA

2\. ELSEWHERE

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

If Q150=2 go to Q151; Else go to Q152

q:
Q151\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

How old were you when you first came to this country?

RECORD NUMBERYEARS OLD: 0-29

88\. DON\'T KNOW

99\. Refused

q:
Q152\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In general, what language do you read and speak?

1\. Only Spanish

2\. Spanish better than English

3\. Both Equally

4\. English better than Spanish

5\. Only English

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q153\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

What language do you normally speak at home?

1\. Only Spanish

2\. Spanish better than English

3\. Both Equally

4\. English better than Spanish

5\. Only English

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q154\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

In which language do you usually think?

1\. Only Spanish

2\. Spanish better than English

3\. Both Equally

4\. English better than Spanish

5\. Only English

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q155\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

What language do you speak with your friends?

1\. Only Spanish

2\. Spanish better than English

3\. Both Equally

4\. English better than Spanish

5\. Only English

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q156\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

Please tell me which of these statements best describes

your present work situation. (READ LIST)

1\. working fulltime (35 hours/wk or more),

2\. working parttime (less than 35 hours/week),

3\. have a job, but not at work due to temporary illness,

4\. unemployed or laid off and looking for work,

5\. unemployed or laid off and not looking for work

6\. in school

7\. retired

8\. a homemaker,

9\. OTHER

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

q:
Q157\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

t: 5 5

And lastly, I\'m going to read you a range of household

incomes. We do not want to know your exact income. We

want to know which of the following groups your total

family income came closest to last year. Just tell

me to stop when I get to the group that best describes

your total household income before taxes in 1998.

Was it:

1\. less than \$6,000?

2\. \$6,000 to \$10,000?

3\. \$10,001 to \$15,000?

4\. \$15,001 to \$20,000?

5\. \$20,001 to \$30,000?

6\. \$30,001 to \$40,000?

7\. \$40,001 to \$60,000?

8\. \$60,001 to \$80,000?

9\. \$80,001 to \$100,000

10\. \$100,001 and over?

88\. Don\'t know

99\. Refused

END OF QUESTIONNAIRE

{after the interview, the interviewer records the following data}

A.  (Only if necessary, ask: "Could you please tell me if you are a male
    or a female?")\
    Record sex of respondent\
    1 Male\
    2 Female

B.  Record language of interview\
    1 English\
    2 Spanish\
    3. Other

CSAP add on questions (one was later deleted as a duplicate of a
Question already being asked).

Add-1 How much do people risk harming themselves physically and in other
ways when they smoke one or more packs of cigarettes per day?\
\
No risk\
Slight risk\
Moderate risk\
Great risk

Add-2 How much do people risk harming themselves physically and in other
ways when they smoke marijuana once a month?\
\
No risk\
Slight risk\
Moderate risk\
Great risk

Add-3 How much do people risk harming themselves physically and in other
ways when they\
A. Have four or five drinks of an alcoholic beverage nearly every day?\
\
No risk\
Slight risk\
Moderate risk\
Great risk\
\
A. Have five or more drinks of an alcoholic beverage once or twice a
week?\
\
No risk\
Slight risk\
Moderate risk\
Great risk

Add-4 How do you feel about adults smoking one or more packs of
cigarettes per day?\
Neither approve nor disapprove\
Somewhat disapprove\
Strongly disapprove

Add-5 How do you feel about adults trying marijuana or hashish once or
twice?\
Neither approve nor disapprove\
Somewhat disapprove\
Strongly disapprove

Add-6 How do you feel about adults having one or two drinks of an
alcoholic beverage nearly every day?\
Neither approve nor disapprove\
Somewhat disapprove\
Strongly disapprove

Add-7 How do you feel about adults driving a car after having one or two
drinks of an alcoholic beverage?\
Neither approve nor disapprove\
Somewhat disapprove\
Strongly disapprove

Add-8 I plan to get drunk sometime in the next year.\
False\
Maybe\
True

Appendix E[]{#ApxE .anchor} []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491424 .anchor}\
\
\
\
Interviewing Techniques

**CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS A SURVEY**

**Information Gathering**

Any observation or investigation of the facts about a situation may be
called a survey. Today the word is most often used to describe a method
of gathering information from a number of individuals, a \"sample\", in
order to learn something about the larger population from which the
sample has been drawn. Thus, a sample of voters is surveyed in advance
of an election to determine how the public perceives the candidates and
the issues. A manufacturer makes a survey of the potential market before
introducing a new product. A government agency commissions a survey to
gather the factual information it needs in order to evaluate existing
legislation or draft new legislation.

It has been said that the United States is no longer an industrial
society but an \"information society\". That is, our major problems and
tasks no longer focus merely on the production of the goods and services
necessary to our survival and comfort. Rather, our major problems and
tasks today are organizing and managing the incredibly complex efforts
required to meet the needs and wishes of approximately 250 million
Americans. To do this requires a prompt and accurate flow of information
on preferences, needs, and behavior. It is in response to this critical
need for information on the part of the government, business, and social
institutions that so much reliance is placed on surveys.

Most of us use information as a foundation for decisions we make in our
everyday life. Government officials, budget makers, and planners from
all fields need information from which they can make intelligent
decisions. The collection of this information forms the foundations of
the survey research process.

**Sampling**

Unless the population is small enough to be handled within a reasonable
timeframe and budget, it becomes necessary to select a sample or
subgroup to be contacted. The sample may represent the entire
population, or may be selected to represent a particular group, such as
night time drivers or people over a certain age. Careful methods are
followed so that the data can be generalized with confidence to the
total population being studied.

The particular type of sample used depends on the objectives and scope
of the survey, including the overall survey budget, the method of data
collection, the subject matter, and the kind of respondent needed. The
types of samples range from simple random selection of the population
units to highly complex samples involving multiple stages or levels of
selection with stratification or clustering of the units into various
groupings. Whether simple or complex, the distinguishing characteristics
of a properly designed sample are that all the respondents have a known,
nonzero chance of being included in the sample. To be scientifically
valid, there must be a concentrated effort to interview all those people
selected by the sampling method, and only those people selected by the
sampling method.

The information gathered from individual sample members is compiled and
reported as aggregate statistics. Public health organizations then use
the data for the evaluation and development of social programs or the
allocation of monies as directed by the survey results. These decisions
may affect the lives of many people for a number of years.

**Method**

The manner in which a survey is conducted will vary according to the
specific goal of the research. The method of a survey is the manner in
which the data is collected. The selection of the method to be used
depends upon a number of factors, such as the population which is being
targeted (e.g., special groups such as alcohol consumers, the elderly or
disabled), the type of information to be collected, length of the
questionnaire, or whether respondents will participate on more than one
occasion.

**CHAPTER 2 ETHICS OF INTERVIEWING**

**Confidentiality**

Many problems or issues are studied by asking research participants to
respond to questions about their environment, beliefs, feelings,
actions, past experiences, or hopes for the future. As an interviewer
you must ask some questions you would not think of asking a close
friend, questions which might be thought of as \"too personal\". You
will find that the average person is willing to answer such questions,
or even freely offer you information which they would not tell a close
friend or relative.

The protection of respondents who have contributed to the research is of
great concern to the project\'s staff. Our obligation to protect their
anonymity and keep their individual responses confidential is an
all-inclusive one. As a member of the research team you, too, share this
obligation. The primary reason survey researchers can point to many
successes in collecting useful information is *confidentiality*. It is
your duty to keep all responses confidential. **Never** tell about facts
or opinions related to anyone you interviewed. All of us at the
Prevention Research Center can promise you that *only the research team
will see the individual responses* from any one person. You can feel
absolutely free to promise this confidentiality to *everyone* you
interview.

We feel so strongly about this that we ask you to sign a form promising
your confidentiality at the time you are hired. A sample copy of that
form can be found on the at the end of this document. Let it serve as a
continued reminder of your responsibility.

**Persuading People to Participate**

Researchers studying human behavior or attitudes need people to take
part in their studies. This occasionally causes questionable practices
to occur. At times the devoted interviewer may overstep the narrow line
between *persuasion* and badgering in an attempt to avoid a refusal. The
decision to participate in the survey or to answer any particular
question is *strictly voluntary*. You must make your best effort to
*convince* the person to cooperate, but do not in any way *force* a
respondent to participate.

**CHAPTER 3 INTERVIEWING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES**

**Training**

Prior to the beginning of every survey a training session is held. At
that time, the purpose of the survey is explained. A copy of the survey
questionnaire is distributed to each interviewer and each question is
reviewed for clarity and logic. The training also includes specific
guidelines and procedures for the conduct of the survey, and a review of
PIRE and PRC policies which may affect this survey.

**General Principles for Conducting the Survey**

No matter how efficiently the survey is conducted, the results will be
seriously affected by incomplete or inaccurate questionnaire responses.
The *quality* of an interviewer\'s work is *as important* as the
quantity. The following guidelines have been developed to improve the
quality of your work. Quantity (i.e., speed and productivity) usually
comes with experience.

In order to generalize the results obtained from a sample to the total
population, the researcher must be confident that all the respondents
were asked the *same* questions with exactly the same wording and in
exactly the same order. Only when all the interviewers conducting a
survey have learned to ask the questions in the same way can the
findings be combined to give a true picture of the experiences,
thoughts, actions, and feelings of the sample, and thus be
representative of the total population. The key to good survey work is
sameness. Therefore, two important rules for you to follow are:

1\. [Ask all questions **exactly** as they are worded! Do not interpret
or rephrase; Repeat only.]{.smallcaps}

2\. [Ask every question unless instructed to do otherwise.]{.smallcaps}

*Do not change even one word in the questions you are to ask*. Many
times the smallest change can affect the whole meaning of the question.
Even though you may feel that the question could be worded more simply,
do *not* improvise or alter the way the question is stated. Do not
change the wording even if you feel the question is getting the wrong
information or is not understood. Just make a note of it and inform your
supervisor. Never change the order of the questions; they follow one
another in a logical sequence. To change the order would destroy the
intent of the survey.

If the respondent is talking freely, you may feel that some of the
questions you are to ask have already been answered. Do not omit any of
the questions, even if you think you know the answer. We want the
respondent\'s answer, not what you think the respondent\'s answer will
be. Before you read the question you may need to say, \"You already said
something about this next question, but I want to make sure I have your
answer right\". A respondent is not offended when you make sure you have
the exact answer to each question. A respondent *is* offended when he or
she thinks you were not listening to them.

Keep talking as you record the responses. If you let a silence grow, the
respondent has an opportunity to become bored or even to change their
mind about being interviewed. Try to keep the respondent\'s attention on
the subject in a casual yet professional manner. If the respondent wants
to engage you in conversation, very politely, but firmly steer them back
to the questions. For instance, you can say: \"That\'s very interesting,
Mr. Jones . . . now what would you say about this question?\".

**Knowing the questionnaire**

Study the questionnaire carefully, question by question, so you are able
read the survey with confidence and ease. Familiarize yourself with all
the responses, directions and probes so nothing comes to you as a
surprise. You also need to become familiar with each section of the
questionnaire and in what order it falls. Sometimes a respondent may
change their answer to a question asked earlier in the survey. You will
have to go back and find the question and change their response
accordingly. A respondent also may start answering questions that appear
further on in the study. Thank them for the information but let them
know that you will be covering that topic in a few minutes. Never assume
that you know the respondent\'s answer because they talked about it
earlier. Read every question even if the respondent has answered it in a
earlier conversation.

**Style and Delivery**

a)  Emphasize words written in bold to enhance the meaning and ensure
    more consistency between interviews.

b)  Read each question slowly. A slow and deliberate pace gives the
    respondent time to understand the full scope of the question and to
    formulate a careful reply.

c)  Questions should be spoken naturally, not in a wooden,
    expressionless manner. Interviewers should convey warmth and
    interest.

d)  Be careful that nothing in your words or manner implies criticism,
    surprise, approval or disapproval.

e)  Although some of the questions you ask may be viewed as sensitive or
    too personal, you need not acknowledge the fact by asking the
    question apologetically. Be matter-of-fact by developing an evenness
    in your delivery across all questions. Also, remember that
    particular questions/topics do not necessarily have the same value
    for all people.

f)  Read each question with no additions, deletions or substitutions.

g)  Avoid direct reference to past responses. Don\'t direct the
    respondent by mentioning an earlier answer unless specifically
    instructed otherwise.

    **Bias and Neutrality**

Interviewer bias involves the systematic differences from interviewer to
interviewer. It may take place while asking the questions or while
eliciting and recording the responses. Such bias occurs when a
respondent gives an answer based on some perceived trait of the
interviewer. Sometimes this attribute is out of your control, such as
your age or sex. However, other possible bias can be lessened through
awareness and training. Nothing you say or do should influence the way
in which a respondent answers a question. For example, your voice tone
or inflection may suggest your reaction to a question or response, thus
leading the respondent to answer in a particular manner. Sometimes the
respondent will try and engage you in a conversation about yourself. Its
important to remain polite, but any additional information you give the
respondent about yourself could bias their responses. They may start
fashioning their answers around what they think you want to hear. The
less they know about you the less biased the information will be.

While asking questions and obtaining responses you must be as *neutral*
as possible. Do not suggest alternatives or try to clear up a response
by telling the respondent what you thought they meant. They may have
been thinking of something entirely different.

**Example**

QUESTION: \"In what ways do you feel alcohol use by students in schools
could be prevented?\"

RESPONSE: \"By removing some of the people involved.\"

INCORRECT PROBE: \"Do you mean the mayor, or the board of education?\"

> (The respondent may have in mind someone else entirely, or may be
> unclear as to just whom or what they do mean.)

PROPER PROBE: Repeat the last part of the respondent\'s reply in a
puzzled tone:

> \"By removing some of the people \-- could you be a little more
> specific? How would this improve the prevention of alcohol use by
> students?

Don\'t try to sum up in your own words what someone has said, because
this may suggest to the respondent that your idea of his feelings is the
\"right answer\".

**Example**

QUESTION: \"Is there anything in particular about your life today that
you would like to change?\"

RESPONSE: \"Well, I would like to change my living arrangements.\"

INCORRECT PROBE: \"Then you don\'t like living alone?\"

> (This incorrect interviewing probe *appears* to reword what the
> respondent said. However, he may have had something else in mind.
> Perhaps he meant that he would like to live in an apartment instead of
> a house.)

PROPER PROBE: \"*In what way* would you change your living
arrangements?\"

When interviewing, try to be as neutral, impartial, casual,
conversational, and friendly as you can. However, do not lose the
professional tone. Each time the questionnaire focuses on a new topic,
that section is preceded by an introduction. The introduction is worded
in a casual and conversational manner. Reading the introduction helps to
establish a casual yet professional setting.

**Hesitant Respondents**

Many people you contact will agree to be interviewed after hearing only
the introduction. Others will need more information or be openly
suspicious. A good way to proceed is by getting the respondent to talk
so you can evaluate their concerns. This is helpful for two reasons.
First, you can fashion your responses directly to what really concerns
the respondent. Second, its harder for the respondent to hang up on
someone who is no longer a stranger.

The following are possible questions you may be asked about the study
before the respondent will agree to the interview. For these general
questions you usually only need to read the first line to satisfy them.
If they need more information or never seem satisfied with your answers
then give them full explanations. As a general rule, its better to keep
the information you give them to a minimum. Extensive explanations can
sometimes it can lead to more questions than you can answer.

1\. **\"WHO IS DOING THE SURVEY?\":**

> \"This survey is being done by the Prevention Research Center for the
> U S Department of Public Health Service.\"

2\. **\"HOW DID YOU HAPPEN TO PICK ME?\":**

> *Premise Survey*: \"We are interviewing managers owners of on-premise
> establishments. Your business was randomly selected from all the
> on-premise outlets in Sacramento.\"
>
> *\_\_\_ Survey*: \"\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.\"

3\. **IF AN OLDER RESPONDENT REPLIES \"I\'M TOO OLD.\":**

> \"We are interested in YOU and what YOU think. After all, you have had
> a lot of experience. You can help us to understand what older people
> think about these issues.\"

4\. **\"I DON\'T KNOW ENOUGH TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.\":**

> \"Most of the questions are issues that everyone thinks about during
> their everyday lives, or about events that may or may not happen to
> you. We want to know about your experiences and what you think about
> these issues. I really don\'t think you\'ll have any trouble.\"

5\. **IF THE RESPONDENT IS \"IN A HURRY\" OR UNAVAILABLE:**

> *Premise Survey*: \"I would be happy to continue later. Could you tell
> me when it would be convenient for me to come back?\"
>
> *\_\_\_\_\_ Survey*: \"\_\_\_\_\_.\"

6\. **\"BUT I HAVEN\'T HAD A DRINK IN YEARS.\":**

> \"We are not just selecting people who drink; we want to talk to
> everyone who . . . {uses this emergency room/ drives on Friday and
> Saturday nights, or whatever the sample is}. The fact that you do not
> drink is also important and will make the interview even shorter.\"

7\. **\"WHY DON\'T YOU INTERVIEW MY (HUSBAND/WIFE/SON/ DAUGHTER,
ETC.)?\":**

> \"We use a scientific process to develop our surveys and to select
> those we interview. This study requires that we interview you. In that
> way we can ensure that our study is valid and the information we
> collect is useful. If we didn\'t follow these procedures all of the
> time, the study would not be as valuable.\"

8\. **\"IS THIS CONFIDENTIAL?\":**

> \"All the information you give me is completely confidential. Your
> name will never be used in our study. All information we release is in
> the form of numbers, totals, averages, percentages, etc. In this
> manner no individual response can ever be identified. I would lose my
> job if I discussed an interview with anyone else but my supervisor.\"

9\. **\"WHY SHOULD I PARTICIPATE IN THIS STUDY?\":**

> \"This is a very important study on preventing alcohol related
> problems. We need your answers to our study questions to help form
> public policy in your community. Your participation will directly help
> the community where you live and will directly help you. Your
> participation is needed to complete this study.\"

10\. **\"WHY ME?\":**

> \"You were selected by a scientific process to participate in our
> study. We value your opinions and you can not be replaced by any other
> person. Without your participation it would be like lost
> information.\"

11\. **\"WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY A SCIENTIFIC PROCESS?\":**

> \"There is a specific scientific methodology used to choose a sample
> of people. The study procedures make sure that every person {who comes
> to this emergency room/ person who drives on Friday or Saturday night,
> or whatever the survey population} has an equal chance of being
> selected to participate.

During the course of the interview, the respondent may hesitate to
answer a particular question. In cases where the respondent is afraid to
answer a question or is annoyed by the question, you should say:

\"I\'m sorry (sir/ma\'am), but I\'m not supposed to explain the
questions.\"

or

\"We just want whatever the question means to you.\"

If the respondent is so reluctant to answer the current questions that
he/she is about to refuse, you should offer, \"If you would like to skip
this question, let\'s go on to the next one.\" Remember, the respondent
has the right to refuse individual questions, and we do not want to risk
a refusal to continue with the survey.

**Other Helpful Hints**

Be friendly. Don\'t sound like a bill collector or someone that may make
the respondent think he/she is in trouble. Try to sound more like an
acquaintance or friend rather than a stranger. If you know the
informant\'s name use it.

**Refusals**

The refusal is a painful event. It shakes the interviewer\'s confidence,
it worries the supervisor and it could potentially bias the survey\'s
results. Most refusals occur during the first few minutes. Rarely will
respondents change their minds after the interview has begun. This makes
the first few minutes critical to the survey process. They are also the
moments many interviewers find the most difficult.

During the introduction, where most of the refusals occur, you must be
more salesperson than interviewer. Actually you must be more than a
salesperson. It is one thing to convince a person to spend money for a
product or service, but it is much more difficult to convince someone to
give up time and seem to get nothing in return. You will need all the
techniques you have to be persuasive and convince potential respondents
to participate. Make use of the suggested answers for questions hesitant
respondents may ask. Reassure the respondent of the importance of the
survey and the importance of their opinions. However, if the potential
respondent absolutely refuses to be interviewed, you must accept their
right to refuse. You need to strike a balance between convincing a
hesitant respondent and harassment. Always conclude all contacts in a
courteous and professional manner. If you do get a refusal take detailed
notes of the circumstances; such as the respondents mood, their
attitude, what they said, etc. This helps us understand who we are
missing and why.

**Refusal Conversion**

Converting a potential refusal to a completed interview will require the
best of your listening skills. Sometimes respondents do not just come
out and say why they will not participate, or they do not express their
reluctance in the same terms that we have covered in the \"Hesitant
Respondent\" section. For example, someone may say that they are a very
private person. In this instance you would address the confidentiality
procedures. Then go on to say that they may decline to answer any
question they feel is too personal. Whenever possible, try to convert
potential refusals into completed interviews until it seems clear that
the person does understand what we are doing, but still does not wish to
participate. On the other hand, if someone clearly refuses, that is
final and no further attempt to complete the interview should take
place. For refusal of individual questions, the same process should take
place.

**Language Problems**

Occasionally you will encounter a respondent who does not speak English.
Try to determine what language the person is speaking. If the foreign
language is not Spanish, make a note of the language, thank the
respondent, and conclude the contact to the best of your ability. If the
language is Spanish and you are not bilingual, indicate to the person
that you will get someone to help. Call over your supervisor who will
arrange for a bilingual interviewer to conduct the interview.

**CHAPTER 4 PROBING**

**Types of Survey Questions**

Survey questionnaires contain two distinct forms of questions: precoded
and open-ended. Precoded questions, sometimes referred to as \"forced
choice\" questions, are those which are followed by specific response
categories. It is the task of the interviewer to try to \"force\" the
respondent into one of the precoded categories and to use specific
probing techniques that accomplish this without interjecting bias or
interpreting respondents\' answers. Open-ended questions are those
allowing the actual or \"verbatim\" answer given by the respondent to be
recorded. These questions require the interviewer to listen carefully
and to determine whether or not what the respondent said actually
answers the question asked. If not, the interviewer must probe for a
response that is a valid and complete answer to the question.

The exact kind of probe to use must be adapted to the type of question
being asked, the particular respondent and the partial answer which has
been given. There are some general types of probes that are frequently
useful, but do not get into the habit of using the same probe in all
situations. The important objective is to use the probe which is most
appropriate for the type of question being asked and the particular
respondent. Use the probe that will obtain the best, most complete,
specific, and clear answer. Throughout the remainder of this section,
keep this in mind: *You will always get a response to a question, but
not all responses are answers*.

**Probing for Responses to Open-Ended Questions**Error! Bookmark not
defined.

Open-ended questions allow the interviewer to record the respondent\'s
exact answer without reference to predefined response categories. For
this reason, it is extremely important that the interviewer listen
carefully to the respondent\'s answer to be certain that it does answer
the question. The following examples are common type of responses to
open-ended questions that are NOT valid answers and require probing by
the interviewer.

a\. *Irrelevant Responses*. Respondents will sometimes miss the point of
a question. They will give responses which seem to answer the question
but, as you can see when you look further, is not to the point of the
question and is, therefore, irrelevant.

It is easy to be \"taken in\" by a respondent who is talkative and gives
a full and detailed response \-- a response which, however, is beside
the point. It is not the answer to the question asked. In most cases, a
respondent gives an irrelevant response because an important word or
phrase in the question has been missed.

###### Example

QUESTION: \"How did you feel about retiring?\"

RESPONSE: \"Well my wife thought it was really great that I decided to
retire.\"

> At this point, you realize that the respondent is not talking about
> his feelings but about his wife\'s feelings, so you would probe with:

PROBE: \"I see. - - But this question deals with YOUR feelings about
retirement. How did YOU feel about retiring?\"

Emphasizing the word \"you\" will help the respondent return to the
point of the question. Note this probe is *completely neutral*: the
interviewer does not suggest any ideas, opinions or possible responses.

Interviewers often wonder whether they should actually record the
irrelevant response. No. However, always begin entering the response as
the respondent starts talking. If, as you proceed, it is *clear* that
the respondent has missed the point of the question, stop and repeat the
question. Emphasize those parts of the question which appear to have
been missed. *When you are at all in doubt, record it*. Then probe, by
repeating the question or that part of the question which the respondent
seems to have misunderstood, until the result is a clear and relevant
answer.

In addition to recording the response, interviewers should note the
probe(s) used to elicit the response. It is good practice to record the
type of probe used in parenthesis. For example use (R.Q.) when you must
repeat the question, (Mean?) for \"What did you mean by \...?\", (Ex.?)
for \"For example?\", (Explain?) for \"Could you explain?\" etc.

b\. *Vague and General Responses*. In everyday social conversation,
people often speak in vague and loose terms. It is understandable that
respondents may at first respond to the questions in a way which is not
clear and specific. It is important to encourage respondents to express
themselves more concretely, in very specific terms.

Your own probing will be easier if you assume that each question *will*
be responded to in a manner which is vague or general at first. Thus,
you will not have to ask yourself, \"Is this a vague response?\", but
\"This *is* a vague response: How shall I probe?\".

**Example**

QUESTION: \"Are there any advantages, things you particularly like or
enjoy, about living in your present home and neighborhood?\"

RESPONSE: \"I very much like the convenience of living here.\"

  ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------
  PROPER\          \"Could you explain that a little?\"\
  PROBES:          or\
                   \"Could you tell me more about that? In what way is it
                   convenient for you?\"

  ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------

Note that the first response is vague. It tells us very little. The
probes are meant to get the respondent thinking and talking in specific
terms on the subject.

c\. *Circular Responses*. Sometimes respondents will think they are
answering a question when in fact they are simply repeating an answer
which was already given or simply repeating parts of the question. A
respondent can talk a great deal and still be just repeating the
question in different words.

**Example**

QUESTION: \"Do you think you will move out of this neighborhood?\"

RESPONSE: \"Yes.\"

QUESTION: (*IF YES*) \"Why?\"

RESPONSE: \"Well, because I don\'t want to stay here.\"

The response to the second part of the question tells us little we
didn\'t already know from the previous answer. Clearly, the most neutral
and effective way of probing would be to repeat the question, using the
circular response in this manner: \"I see, and why don\'t you want to
stay there?\" In this way, you are directing the thoughts of the
respondent to the point of the question.

There is a special type of short open-ended question that may best be
described as a cross between precoded and open-ended questions. This
type simply asks the respondent to name something which is relevant to
them, such as a particular brand preference, (such as, \"What brand of
beer do you usually drink?\"). These short questions are followed by a
space in which to record the answer.

This type of question in theory could have been followed by a list of
answer categories, but for various reasons the categories are not
predefined. For instance, it is impractical to list all of the possible
brands of beer.

In the case of the longer open-ended questions, the techniques of
probing must be used to the fullest, because frequently the initial
answers given by a respondent will fall short of being specific, clear,
and complete. In some cases, the main question will be followed on the
questionnaire by a specific follow-up question and sometimes the main
question will be followed by the term \"probe\". Whether or not this is
done, *the need to probe always exists*, as long as the initial answer
is not fully specific, clear, and complete.

**Probing for Precoded or Forced Choice Responses**Error! Bookmark not
defined.

Many respondents will answer a precoded question in the exact words of
one of the answer categories. You will then simply choose the
appropriate code. For example, a precoded question may ask:

> How many meals in a day do you normally eat?
>
> Five meals a day 1\
> Four meals a day 2\
> Three meals a day 3\
> Two meals a day 4\
> One meal a day 5\
> Snacks when hungry 6\
> DON\'T KNOW 7\
> NO RESPONSE 8

In the example above, if the respondent answered two meals a day, you
would enter the response choice, number 4.

Often the answer will not be given in the exact words of the categories
which may make it difficult, if not impossible, to record the response
accurately. For example, if the respondent answers the above question by
saying, \"I\'m on a diet and haven\'t eaten anything for two days,\" you
should follow up the question in such a way as to elicit an answer to
the question that does fit into one of the categories. In this example
you would probe by rereading the question emphasizing \"*normally*\".

Other situations which may come up in precoded questions are:

a\. The respondent tells you more than you need to know. Often
respondents want to explain their response to a particular question. The
proper procedure to follow is to code the direct answer to the question
and then write down any *relevant* comments the respondent volunteers.

b\. The respondent cannot choose one of the choices offered. Sometimes
the respondent will feel that none of the response categories fits, or
that one answer would be right under certain conditions but another
under different circumstances. In this situation you should try to
obtain a *generalized* response by repeating the question and saying
\"Just generally speaking\" or \"Most of the time\" or \"In most
cases\". If the respondent insists that they are unable to choose,
again, make a note of the respondent\'s explanations and move on to the
next question.

Some precoded questions are designed to be answered with only one
response, others may permit several. The question itself will be clear
as to the number of responses that are allowed. When asking questions
that call for only one response you must be sure to code only one answer
even if the respondent originally gives two. Suppose the question is:
\"How many meals a day do you normally eat?\" The response may be \"two
or three\". Since the question calls for only one answer, you may only
record one response. Therefore, it is important to ascertain *which*
single answer comes closest to reality. Use the neutral probing
technique \"Which comes closer, two meals or three meals?\"

Some precoded questions list an \"other\" category. This simply means
that while most respondents\' answers will fall into the specific
categories listed, a few respondents will give a valid answer that will
not fit into one of the specific categories. These answers are recorded
by entering the numerical code next to the \"other\" category. The
\"other\" category is usually followed by a \"specify\" probe.

EXAMPLE: Where were you when you got injured? Were you at home, at a
restaurant or bar, at work, in a car or some place else.

> At home 1\
> Restaurant 2\
> Bar 3\
> At Work 4\
> Car 5\
> Other (specify) 6

If the respondent answered, \"I was in the parking lot at the mall.\"
the interviewer would enter a \"6\" for the \"other\" category. The
interviewer would then write the response in the blank following
\"Specify:\"

**Probing When Respondent Says I don\'t know.**

Respondents will sometimes say \"I don\'t know\" because:

> 1\. They don\'t understand the question and therefore say \"I don\'t
> know\" to avoid saying they don\'t understand;
>
> 2\. They are thinking over the question, and say \"I don\'t know\" to
> fill the silence and give themselves time to think;
>
> 3\. Some respondents may be trying to evade the issue because they
> feel uninformed or because the question strikes them as too personal;
>
> 4\. A respondent really may not know or may actually have no opinion
> on the question.
>
> 5\. The question may be asking the respondent to recall events over an
> extended period of time and the respondent feels he/she just can\'t
> remember.

Try to decide which of the above may be the case. Don\'t settle for a
\"DON\'T KNOW\" reply immediately. If you wait quietly, but expectantly,
the respondent may think of something further to say. Silence and
waiting are frequently your best probes for a \"DON\'T KNOW\". You\'ll
also find that other useful probes are: \"Let me repeat the question\";
\"Well, what do you *think*?\"; \"I just want your own ideas on that\";
Nobody really *knows*, I suppose, but what\'s your opinion?\"; \"If you
can\'t remember exactly, just your best guess is fine.\"

**Response Cards**

Some surveys include a response card which is given to the respondent.
The questionnaire will remind you to *[(use response
card)]{.smallcaps}*. Explain to the respondent, \"You will find the
answers to Question x on the Response Card, just give me the number of
your answer.\" If a respondent is having difficulty, you may offer,
\"Would you like me to read the choices to you?\"

A final point is that there is no situation where it is legitimate to
leave a question without some kind of response coding as long as the
particular respondent should have been asked the question. In other
words, every question that applies to a particular respondent **must**
have either a specific and complete answer, or an explanation for the
lack of an answer.

**CHAPTER 5 SKIP PATTERNS**

**What is a Skip Pattern?**

Whether or not a respondent is asked a particular question or group of
questions may depend upon their response to a previous question. For
example, if the respondent answers one way to a particular question, the
next set of questions are asked; if he/she answers another way, the next
set of questions may be \"skipped.\" - thus the term, skip pattern.
Questions which form the skip pattern may be precoded, open-ended, or a
combination of both these forms. An example of a skip pattern is:

> Q4. Now tell me about your present work situation. As I read the
> following categories, please tell me which one describes you best. Are
> you . . .

Working full time for pay or profit 1

Working part time for pay or profit 2

Retired and not working 3 (go to Q5)

Unemployed and not wanting work

outside the home 4 (go to Q5)

Unemployed and wanting work

outside the home 5 (go to Q5)

NO RESPONSE 8 (go to Q5)

Q4a. What business or industry do you work for now? (e.g., HIGH SCHOOL,
RETAIL SUPERMARKET, COAL COMPANY.)

Q4b. What kind of work are you doing? (E.G., ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, STOCK
CLERK, TYPIST, FARMER.)

The above example shows a skip pattern which is a combination of both
open-ended and precoded questions. In this particular example, if the
respondent is not currently employed, there is no reason to ask what
business they work for or what type of work they are doing. The
instructions, therefore, indicate that the interviewer must \"skip\" to
Q5 if the respondent is unemployed, retired or not currently working for
some reason.

**Following Skip Patterns**

It is very important that you are familiar with the questionnaire, its
logic and sequence of questions. You must always be aware of which
groups of questions will be relevant to individual respondents. You
should know who will fit into particular groups based upon their
response to specific questions within the survey, and the
characteristics of the respondent. After the training session it is
always necessary to familiarize yourself with the survey questionnaire
by reading, studying, and practicing the questions *prior* to beginning
a survey. With preparation and practice, skip patterns will become
familiar and you will be able to move back and forth through the
questionnaire without any problem. In addition, the questionnaire will
have notes to assist you with skip problems which may occur due to
inconsistencies in a respondents\' answers.

**CHAPTER 6 A CHECKLIST OF COMMON MISTAKES**

**General Rules of Interviewing**

1\. Always read ALL questions verbatim. DO NOT IMPROVISE or PARAPHRASE.

2\. Generally each question is completely written out, but when a
question ends with (EACH), you must repeat the question, completing the
sentence with each item in the list following the semi colon.

3\. Anything bolded or in solid capitals is to be emphasized (e.g., Have
you felt this way in the **LAST 6 MONTHS**?).

4\. Anything shown in *[small italicized capital letters]{.smallcaps}*
is an instruction to you. Do not read it to the respondent. Instructions
shown in *[small italicized capital letters]{.smallcaps}* in the
response categories also should not be read.

5\. Never read the \"DON\'T KNOW\", \"NEUTRAL\" or \"NO RESPONSE\"
categories.

6\. Make sure you have entered the correct response. Go back and check
if you are at all uncertain.

7\. Answer the open-ended questions with complete sentences.

8\. Note your probes with abbreviations in parenthesis adjacent to the
response that the probe elicited.

9\. When appropriate, have a Response Card available and request the
respondent refer to it before giving a response.

10\. Record any special circumstances involving the interview in the
questionnaire and the Interviewer Observations at the end of the
questionnaire. It is better to record too much rather than too little
information.

11\. Report any problems (e.g., in locating a respondent, with the
respondent, or with survey equipment) to your supervisor immediately.

12\. Always check with the supervisor if you are unsure of the proper
procedure(s).

**CHAPTER 7 ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES: RULES & REGULATIONS**

**General Employment Information**

All employees are required to endorse the Pacific Institute for Research
and Evaluation\'s Drug Free Workplace policy. The integrity of the
research and the reputation of Pacific Institute absolutely requires
that staff members abstain from illegal substances while at work.
Additionally, staff must be drug and alcohol free when they arrive to
work or return from breaks. The failure to do so can mean immediate
dismissal.

Employees must also disclose all memberships or involvements in other
professional organizations which might be in conflict with their
interests at the Pacific Institute and the Prevention Research Center.

All employees are considered probationary during the first three (3)
months of employment. A probation period may be extended for an
additional three month period. If it becomes apparent at any time during
this period that the employee\'s performance is not satisfactory, he/she
will be separated from employment.

Interviewers who have completed the three month probationary period are
considered regular part-time employees. Part-time employees are not
eligible for paid vacation, sick leave or holiday time. Benefits for
part-time employees include: social security, worker\'s compensation
insurance, state unemployment compensation, and state disability
insurance (in California). Withholding for state and federal income
taxes, state disability insurance and part of the social security taxes
will be deducted from your paychecks and deposited in accordance with
law.

**Scheduling**

Interviewers are hired to work predominantly weekend evenings for the
duration of the study. The number of interviewers required for a survey
and the administrative scheduling of hours is calculated for each
survey. Scheduling of interviewers is determined by the type of survey,
the number of completed interviews needed, and the time allowed for
completing them. Although interviewing schedules may need to be adjusted
from time to time, assigned schedules must be maintained to ensure full
staffing for each survey team. It is understood that people are often
less willing to work on holidays. We make a special effort to meet
people\'s preferences and to rotate working holidays. However, the data
collection must go on whether there are holidays or not.

Very rarely will the Emergency Room Surveys be cancelled, but
occasionally the Roadside Surveys will need to be cancelled either
because of weather, police availability, or other extenuating
circumstances. If you are informed before showing up for work of such a
cancellation you will receive no pay. If you have already arrived at
work before being notified, you will be paid for one hour or the portion
of the shift already worked whichever is greater.

**Absenteeism**

*Late but not absent:*

Interviewers must be at work on time. Interviewers who are more than 10
minutes tardy will be considered late for work. Being late, depending on
how late, can mean the same as being absent. If a personal emergency
arises which could make the interviewer late for work, it is important
that the interviewer phone the Data Manager as soon as possible.
Whenever an interviewer is more than ten minutes late the Team Leader or
Site Supervisor will inform the interviewer that they are late to work
and will also notify the Data Manager. If an interviewer is more than 10
minutes late without prior notification, three times in a six month
period, they may be suspended or separated from employment.

*Absent with a replacement:*

In the event that something, such as illness, makes it impossible for an
interviewer to report for an assigned shift, the interviewer must locate
an acceptable substitute from among the trained interviewing staff, and
must notify the Data Manager of the substitution as soon as possible.
Finding a replacement has no immediate consequences but repeatedly
finding replacements can become a problem for the other interviewers and
for the supervisor.

In preparing schedules we try to consider interviewer preferences, but
it is also necessary to ensure that the load is evenly distributed and
that all interviewers work frequently enough to maintain their skills.
Occasionally it will be necessary for interviewers to work a shift that
they did not want, but schedules will be distributed substantially in
advance so that interviewers can plan ahead. Finding a replacement on a
shift where you have made it known you do not want to work is
particularly frowned upon.

*Reporting an absence:*

Notifying the Data Manager of inability to work without arranging a
substitute should be avoided because the survey will be understaffed and
less data can be collected. On the other hand, people do get sick, so it
is important that when you call in you make it clear why you are not
participating in the scheduled shift and what efforts have been made to
obtain a replacement so that there will be no misunderstanding.

If an interviewer calls in sick, they must notify the Data Manager by
the following Tuesday whether they are ready to return to work or they
will be taken off the schedule for the next four weeks and replaced by
another interviewer.

*Unexcused absences:*

It is unacceptable for an interviewer to fail to come to work as
scheduled and to also fail to notify the Data Manager. Failing to call
in for any scheduled activity, including trainings, will result in
immediate suspension from further work and may result in separation from
employment.

If an interviewer calls in without a replacement twice within four
weeks, will be assumed to have an on-going problem. In order to ensure
adequate staffing for data collection, that interviewer will be taken
off the schedule, no matter what the reason for the absence, for the
next four weeks.

## Work Shift Procedures

1\. Interviewer schedules will be posted about a month ahead of time,
and efforts will be made to take preferences into account when the
schedule is made.

2\. If you will be unable to work a scheduled shift, it is *your*
responsibility to locate a replacement. If you are a bilingual
interviewer it is particularly important that you locate a bilingual
substitute. Always notify the Data Manager *as soon as possible* if you
will be unable to work a shift, or if you will be late. Notification
requires that you speak with the Data Manager personally and call back
if he/she is not accessible on your first attempt. When you reach the
Data Manager, be prepared to say who your replacement will be if you are
unable to work.

3\. When you arrive at the local office for the evening\'s survey, you
must sign in on the Interviewer Log including name, social security
number, task, whether your vehicle was used and time in.

4\. Following a brief staff meeting and equipment distribution period,
interviewing teams will leave for the survey site(s).

5\. After the evening\'s survey is completed, all interviewers should
return to the local office, check in any equipment and enter the Time
Out on the Interviewer Log.

**Paychecks**

1\. Pay periods are from the 1st to the 15th and from the 16th to the
end of the month. Paychecks are issued on the 10th and the 25th of each
month.

2\. Timesheets are submitted on the 15th and the last day of each month
for the preceding work period. Timesheets will be completed using
information on the Interviewer Log to obtain the total hours worked
during the period. Time sheets must be signed by both the interviewer
and the Data Manager before a paycheck can be issued.

3\. If an interviewer elects to have his/her paycheck Direct Deposited
into his/her bank account, the amount will be deposited on the 10th or
the 25th of each month. Paychecks are mailed to those not using direct
deposit and will usually arrive within 3 to 5 days after the pay date.

**Reimbursements**

Interviewers who use personal vehicles for survey work (such as
carpooling to survey sites) will be reimbursed at a Federally approved
standard mileage rate as specified in Pacific Institute\'s most current
policies and procedures. Currently this is 25 cents per mile. To request
reimbursement an employee must complete a travel reimbursement voucher
and have it approved by his/her supervisor. Reimbursements generally
take 30 days to process.

**CHAPTER 8 PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS**

**Interviewing Capabilities**

In any survey, the quality of the data is directly tied to the standards
set and maintained by the interviewing staff. Evaluation of the
interviewing aspect of your work includes the manner in which you handle
the questionnaire and your ability to relate to respondents. Your
ability to conduct interviews in accordance with the methods and
procedures as specified during your training will be of primary
importance in evaluating your performance. Your cooperativeness in
response to supervisor corrective feedback and supplemental instruction,
and your efforts to demonstrate improvement in problem areas, will also
be considered.

**Verification of Your Work**

In order for us to do an effective job, we will be constantly monitoring
your work. We will notify you immediately if any discrepancies occur so
we can work with you to correct any problems.

Survey research can require a sizable amount of paperwork as the number
of forms and details recorded grows. It is imperative that interviewing
staff keep accurate and current records. If you have any question about
handling any form, check with your supervisor.

**Evaluation Criteria**

Because our standards of work quality are high, participation in one
survey does not guarantee participation in subsequent studies. The
selection and scheduling of interviewers for current and future surveys
is based upon past performance and evaluation measures.

During the administration of each survey, refusal and completion rates
are continuously calculated for each interviewer. A consistently high
refusal rate by an interviewer is considered a serious problem.
Significant rates of incomplete or incorrectly completed surveys is also
a very serious problem. Interviewers with such problems will be provided
with additional training to help correct the problem(s). A consistently
low productivity rate is another problem. Again, supervisors will advise
you if your performance is below expectations and you will be expected
to improve it.

The following is a list of some of the other criteria which are
considered very important and will be used for evaluation purposes.

**Professionalism**

COMMITTED TO STANDARDS OF QUALITY: Professional approach to interviewing
and study objectives; seeks to improve skills; desires to do above
standard work; maintain high standards of integrity, professionalism, as
well as standards of a drug-free workplace.

APPEARANCE: Maintains a neat and clean appearance.

RELATIONSHIP WITH RESPONDENTS AND GENERAL PUBLIC: Relates well with all
types of respondents; treats blacks and whites, rich and poor, sober and
intoxicated, male and female, those with high and low education with
equal respect, patience, good humor and understanding.

TEAM RELATIONS: Willing to carry load even when difficult; maintains a
positive relationship with co-workers.

PROMPTNESS: Arrives promptly, free of illegal substances, and prepared
for work; meets study deadlines; and calls to notify supervisor when
unable to work.

PREPARATION: Studies instructions carefully; aware of unexpected
situations which may arise in interviewing and is prepared to handle
them.

EFFICIENCY: Well organized; does not take extended breaks; strives to
maintain a productive schedule; number of interviews per shift within
acceptable range.

**Quality of Work**

READS QUESTIONS VERBATIM: Does not improvise. Read questions exactly as
written. VERBATIM RECORDING: Ability to take down actual responses in
respondent\'s own words on open-ended questions.

PROBING: Gains full and appropriate response to each question.

DOCUMENTATION: Uses forms correctly; writes legibly; notes probes,
irregularities or problems appropriately; documentation of all
interviews must be correctly completed.

PRODUCTIVITY RATE: Must complete an acceptable number of interviews and
attempted interviews during each shift.

REFUSAL RATE: Must be acceptably low.

**Administration**

COMMUNICATION WITH SUPERVISOR: Faithful reporting of vital information
regarding ability to handle assignment; informs supervisor of problems
and difficulties; has a positive response to requests and guidance of
supervisor.

ADMINISTRATIVE FORMS AND PROCEDURES: Keeps good records; uses survey
forms and instruments correctly; follows established procedures; is
responsible in signing Interviewer Log and timesheets, etc.

**Professionalism**

Remember, as an interviewer, your position serves as the main link
between the public and the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
(PIRE), the Prevention Research Center (PRC) and the Sacramento
Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project (SNAPP). Your position demands
the ability to interact with all types of people, treating all with
equal respect. The manner in which you relate to the respondent may well
mean the difference between an interview and a refusal.

The Prevention Research Center and Pacific Institute for Research and
Evaluation are committed to conducting research projects in a
professional manner and with the highest standards for quality assurance
to protect the integrity of the research. All interviewers are
thoroughly trained in respondent selection and questionnaire
administration procedures for each study. Any deviation from these
procedures could result in serious consequences for the entire research
project. Evidence that an interviewer has falsified data, disregarded
instructions or respondent selection methods, changed questionnaire
wording in a way that could alter the meaning, jeopardized the research
through personal behavior, or in any other way intentionally violated
PRC policies and procedures, will be considered very serious and the
interviewer may be subject to immediate separation from employment. It
is important that each interviewer understand the importance of his/her
individual role and contribution to the research.

**INTERVIEWER CONFIDENTIALITY STATEMENT**

**PREVENTION RESEARCH CENTER**

**PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EVALUATION**

I hereby promise to keep all information I receive confidential while
interviewing for the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation,
Prevention Research Center. I will divulge nothing that I learn as a
result of this process to anyone except my supervisor when necessary to
the efficient conduct of my job.

Signed: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Witnessed: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Date: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**INTERVIEWER EVALUATION CRITERIA**

**PROFESSIONALISM**

COMMITTED TO STANDARDS OF QUALITY: Professional approach to interviewing
and study objectives; seeks to improve skills; desires to do above
standard work; maintain high standards of integrity, professionalism, as
well as standards of a drug-free workplace.

APPEARANCE: Maintains a neat and clean appearance.

RELATIONSHIP WITH RESPONDENTS AND GENERAL PUBLIC: Relates well with all
types of respondents; treats blacks and whites, rich and poor, sober and
intoxicated, male and female, those with high and low education with
equal respect, patience, good humor and understanding.

TEAM RELATIONS: Willing to carry load even when difficult; maintains a
positive relationship with co-workers.

PROMPTNESS: Arrives promptly, free of illegal substances, and prepared
for work; meets study deadlines; and calls to notify supervisor when
unable to work.

PREPARATION: Studies instructions carefully; aware of unexpected
situations which may arise in interviewing and is prepared to handle
them.

EFFICIENCY: Well organized; does not take extended breaks; strives to
maintain a productive schedule; number of interviews per shift within
acceptable range.

## QUALITY OF WORK

READS QUESTIONS VERBATIM: Does not improvise. Read questions exactly as
written.

VERBATIM RECORDING: Ability to take down actual responses in
respondent\'s own words on open-ended questions.

PROBING: Gains full and appropriate response to each question.

DOCUMENTATION: Uses forms correctly; writes legibly; notes probes,
irregularities or problems appropriately; documentation of all
interviews must be correctly completed.

PRODUCTIVITY RATE: Must complete an acceptable number of interviews and
attempted interviews during each shift.

REFUSAL RATE: Must be acceptably low.

## ADMINISTRATION

COMMUNICATION WITH SUPERVISOR: Faithful reporting of vital information
regarding ability to handle assignment; informs supervisor of problems
and difficulties; has a positive response to requests and guidance of
supervisor.

ADMINISTRATIVE FORMS AND PROCEDURES: Keeps good records; uses survey
forms and instruments correctly; follows established procedures; is
responsible in signing Interviewer Log and timesheets, etc.

Appendix F[]{#ApxF .anchor} []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491425 .anchor}\
\
\
\
RBS: Premise Survey\
and\
Management Training Evaluation

**On-Premise Alcohol Establishment Characteristics**

1\. ABC License Number
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

2\. Name on form (ABC Name)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

3\. Address \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

4\. Name on Store (DBA Name)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

5a. Today\'s Date: \_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_ 5b. Time of Visit:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5c. Scouted by: \_\_\_\_\_

6a. Closing time Friday: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 6b. Closing time Saturday:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

7\. Neighborhood: \_\_\_ South \_\_\_ North \_\_\_ At-large

8\. Type of Business

1 \_\_\_ Bar, tavern, pub\
2 \_\_\_ Restaurant with separate bar area\
3 \_\_\_ Restaurant\
4 \_\_\_ Club\
5 \_\_\_ Hotel or motel lounge\
6 \_\_\_ Bowling Alley\
7 \_\_\_ Other*, (specify)* \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Exterior** **Environment**

9\. Area

1 \_\_\_ Primarily Downtown/retail\
2 \_\_\_ Primarily Industrial\
3 \_\_\_ Primarily perimeter retail (malls, etc.)\
4 \_\_\_ Primarily residential\
5 \_\_\_ Resort or rural\
6 \_\_\_ Other. (*Describe)*
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

10\. Proximity to other Alcohol Outlets

1 \_\_\_ Next door to Alcohol Outlet\
2 \_\_\_ Within same block (1/8 mile)\
3 \_\_\_Within 2 blocks (1/4 mile)\
4 \_\_\_Beyond 2 blocks

11\. Exterior Maintenance

> 1 \_\_\_ Good *(no trash on the ground nor overflowing trash
> containers, no disrepair/peeling paint)\
> *2 \_\_\_ Fair *(a few pieces of trash on the ground, minor
> disrepair)\
> *3 \_\_\_ Poor *(lots of trash, graffiti, broken windows)*

12\. How would you rate the exterior condition of the building? *(circle
one)*\
\
excellent disrepair\
1 2 3 4 5

13\. Lighting *(circle one)* :

> Dim, difficult to see 1\
> Moderately low lighting (e.g., spots) 2\
> Fairly bright lighting 3\
> Very bright 4

14a. Was there loitering outside the establishment? *(circle one)*

Yes 1\
No 2

> 14b. If loitering, what gender? *(circle one)*

Males only 1\
Females only 2\
Both males and females 3

> 14c. If loitering, what predominant race/ethnicity? *(circle all that
> apply)*

White 1\
Native American 2\
African American 3\
Hispanic 4\
Asian 5\
Other (specify) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

> 14d. If loitering, was there a predominant age range?

Yes 1\
No 2

14e. What is your estimate of the age range? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

15a. Any exterior alcohol advertisements?

Yes 1\
No 2

> 15b. If yes, how many? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> 15c. If yes, do any signs indicate price promotions *(e.g., happy
> hours w/ drinks, 2-for-1, etc.)*?

Yes, many 1\
Yes, one or two 2\
No 3

> 15d. Are the ads targeted to any particular group\
> (e.g., women, ethnic groups, in Spanish or with Mexican symbols,
> etc.)?

Yes 1\
No 2

> 15e. If YES, to whom? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Interior Environment**

16\. Lighting *(circle one)* :

> Dim, difficult to see until eyes get adjusted 1\
> Moderately low lighting (e.g., spots) 2\
> Fairly bright lighting 3\
> Very bright 4

17\. Noise level *(circle one)* :

Intimate conversation possible 1\
Normal conversation possible 2\
Difficult to converse 3\
Impossible to converse 4

> 18\. How would you rate the general condition of the interior?
> *(circle one)*\
> \
> excellent disrepair\
> 1 2 3 4 5

19\. Approximate number of patrons *(not counting yourself*)?

> 0 to 10 1\
> 11 to 20 2\
> 21 to 50 3\
> over 50 4

20\. How busy was the establishment? *(circle one)*

> not busy very busy\
> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

21\. What is the predominant gender of the patrons? *(circle one)*

Males only 1\
Females only 2\
Both males and females 3

22\. What is the predominant race/ethnicity of the patrons? *(circle all
that apply)*

White 1\
Native American 2\
African American 3\
Hispanic 4\
Asian 5\
Other (specify) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

23a. Is there a predominant age range of the patrons?

Yes 1\
No 2\
23b. What is your estimate of the age range? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

24\. Activities *(circle all that apply)*

> Games (include. pool) 1\
> Dancing 2\
> Restaurant 3\
> Stage entertainment 4\
> Television 5\
> Other 6\
> What? *(specify)* \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Conclusion:**

25a. Is this establishment safe to visit?

\_\_\_ Yes\
\_\_\_ No. Why?

25b. Please specify any concerns *(even if you answered "Yes" above):*

> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

26\. Directions or suggestions for locating the outlet:

> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Appendix G []{#ApxG .anchor} []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491426 .anchor}\
\
\
\
Management Training Evaluation

MANAGE YOUR RISK

A checklist for assessing Responsible Beverage Service Policies and
Liability Exposure

The following assessment checklist follows the model House Policies
provided by (TOAST/RBS task force, etc.). It is designed to be a simple
check on areas of accomplishment and areas that may need more attention.
Points are given according to the importance of the item in reducing
alcohol-related injuries, the potential for a liability lawsuit, and
steps that can aid in the defense against such as suit.

The scoring should be used as a guideline only. Many businesses are
unique and some of the policies and procedures included below may not
fit the physical or social environment of a specific business. If,
however, there is something about the business that stands in the way of
responsible beverage service, the manager should look closely at
modifying the operation to remove any obstacles.

Monitor your door and control the environment ( \_\_\_ out of 28 points)

Which of the following do you have in place to deal with an entering
patron who's intoxicated or underage?

-   A [written]{.underline} policy that such patrons will be denied
    entrance \_\_\_ (3 points)

-   A sign at the entrance stating that entry will be denied to
    intoxicated or \_\_\_ (3 points)\
    underage persons

-   A specific person on duty (either at the door or elsewhere) who is
    given \_\_\_ (3 points)\
    the responsibility of checking incoming patrons to see if they are\
    underage or intoxicated

Which of the following is used to maintain control over the number of
patrons?

-   A policy stating the maximum number of people that will be allowed
    in at a time \_\_\_ (3 points)

-   A policy on the minimum number of staff who must be on duty for a
    given \_\_\_ (3 points)\
    number of customers

-   A specific person on duty (either at the door or elsewhere) who is
    given the \_\_\_ (3 points)\
    responsibility of monitoring the number of people on the premise

-   Do you keep an incident log to record any problems that might arise?
    \_\_\_ (5 points)

What is the policy regarding employee's drinking alcoholic beverages?

-   They are not allowed to drink on premises under any circumstances
    \_\_\_(+5 point)

-   They are only allowed to drink on premise when they are not on duty
    \_\_\_ (0 points)

-   There are no restrictions on when or where they may drink \_\_\_(-5
    point)

Monitor drinking by guests (\_\_\_ out of 25 points)

Which of the following do you have in place to effectively monitor each
customer's level\
of alcohol consumption?

-   A [written]{.underline} policy that specifies a limit to the number
    of drinks a customer \_\_\_(10 point)\
    will be served over a period of time

-   Drinks are served only one at a time \_\_\_ (5 points)

-   Drinks are only served in standard sizes (i.e., 12 oz beer, 4.5 oz
    wine, \_\_\_ (5 points)\
    1.25-1.5 oz liquor)

-   Management has reviewed procedures to ensure that monitoring can be
    done \_\_\_ (5 points)

Manage the intoxicated customer (\_\_\_ out of 16 points)

Which of the following do you have in place to effectively identify and
manage a\
customer who may become intoxicated while at your bar or restaurant?

-   Staff have been trained to recognize signs of intoxication \_\_\_ (3
    points)

-   Procedures have been developed to deal with intoxicated guests
    \_\_\_ (5 points)

-   Those procedures include refusing further service to intoxicated
    guests \_\_\_ (5 points)

-   Incentives have been developed for the staff to comply with the
    policies \_\_\_ (3 points)

Never serve underage customers (\_\_\_ out of 22 points)

Which of the following do you have in place to effectively prevent
service of alcoholic\
beverages to minors?

-   All servers are at least 21 years old \_\_\_ (3 points)

-   Clear procedures have been set as to when a customer is asked for ID
    \_\_\_ (5 points)

-   Those procedures are [in writing]{.underline} and posted where staff
    see them \_\_\_ (3 points)

-   Anyone who looks to be 30 or younger is asked for ID \_\_\_ (3
    points)

-   Acceptable forms of ID have been set and are in writing where staff
    see them \_\_\_ (5 points)

-   Staff has been trained in how to recognize false ID \_\_\_ (3
    points)

Adopt a safe transportation strategy (\_\_\_\_ out of 14 points)

-   Policies have been set as to when alternative transportation will be
    arranged \_\_\_ (5 points)

-   Staff have been given a list of options for arranging transportation
    \_\_\_ (3 points)

-   Arrangements with outside transportation companies (e.g., taxi) have
    been \_\_\_ (3 points)\
    made in advance

-   Alternative transportation policy is being advertised to patrons
    \_\_\_ (3 points)

Price Responsibility (\_\_\_\_ out of 0 points)

Do you engage in any of the following promotions?

-   "Happy hours" when standard drinks are sold at a discount \_\_\_ (-5
    points)

-   Drink "specials" when some type or category of alcoholic beverage
    \_\_\_ (-3 points)\
    is sold at a discount

-   Special quantity discounts for alcoholic beverages \_\_\_ (-3
    points)

-   Complementary drinks as part of any promotion \_\_\_ (-3 points)

Train all staff ( \_\_\_ out of 33 points)

Which of the following do you do to keep your staff informed?

-   Provide all staff with a copy of the establishment's house policies
    \_\_\_ (5 points)

-   Train [some]{.underline} staff and managers in responsible alcohol
    service \_\_\_ (3 points)

-   Train [all]{.underline} staff and managers in responsible alcohol
    service \_\_\_ (5 points)

-   Does the training include a system for counting drinks and knowing
    \_\_\_ (5 points)\
    when a patron has reached the legal limit of intoxication?

-   Does the training include how to identify underage customers? \_\_\_
    (3 points)

-   Continually update all staff \_\_\_ (3 points)

-   Regularly review incident log with all staff \_\_\_ (3 points)

-   Hold regular staff meetings \_\_\_ (3 points)

-   Pay staff for time in training and/or staff meetings \_\_\_ (3
    points)

Actively market food (\_\_\_ out of 14 points)

Do you?

-   Provide a range of food menu selections \_\_\_ (5 points)

-   Offer reduced food prices during late afternoon/evening \_\_\_ (3
    points)

-   Have low-cost, low-salt food at all times \_\_\_ (3 points)

-   Provide incentives to servers for increased food sales \_\_\_ (3
    points)

Promote alternative beverages (\_\_\_ out of 14 points)

Do you?

-   Stock and promote light and non-alcoholic beer and wine \_\_\_ (5
    points)

-   Use table tents to promote non-alcoholic drinks \_\_\_ (3 points)

-   Set prices for non-alcoholic drinks that are competitive with
    alcoholic products \_\_\_ (3 points)

-   Evaluate servers on total sales including non-alcoholic products
    \_\_\_ (3 points)

Publicize and market your position (\_\_\_ out of 16 points)

Do you?

-   Explain and market your program internally to customers (use tent
    cards, \_\_\_ (5 points)\
    posters, server buttons, etc.)

-   Indicate that you wish no customer to drink to intoxication \_\_\_
    (5 points)

-   Promote your position to the public at large \_\_\_ (3 points

-   Develop a mission statement and post prominently \_\_\_ (3 points)

    Scoring the Checklist:

The checklist is meant to be a guide to managers and owners and there is
no "passing grade" *per se*. It may be instructive, however, to review
the subtotals for each major policy area (e.g., "Monitor your door and
control the environment" or "Monitor drinking by guests") and note where
your score is significantly lower (proportionately) than in other policy
areas. "Price responsibly" is a little different because it has a
negative subtotal, so a manager whould like to have no (negative) points
for that subtotal.

Once those areas are identified, a manager can get som idea of what can
be done to improve the situation. Do policies need to be developed? Are
policies in hand but no procedures to carry tham out (e.g., no person is
assigned to each as a way of determining what should be given priority.
As an example, for "Monitoring your door and control the environment,"
keeping an incident log and having a sign at the entrance stating that
entry will be denied to intoxicated persons.

Instituting some of these procedures may prove difficult for the
business that has not given much thought to these matters before. As the
"culture" of the business evolves and incorporates these policies into
day-to-day conduct of business, however, the procedures become mutually
reinforcing and require much less effort to maintain than to initiate.
Remembers, too, that anything that raises the score on the checklist
will protect the licensee and his or her business in two ways: first,
because the chances of any customer injuring others or themselves are
reduced; second, because if there were to be a lawsuit, having these
policies and procedures in place and documented provides an extra line
of defense for the establishment.

SUBTOTALS

> Monitor Your Door and Control the Environment \_\_\_\_\_ of 28 points
>
> Monitor Drinking by Guests \_\_\_\_\_ of 25 points
>
> Manage the Intoxicated Customer \_\_\_\_\_ of 16 points
>
> Never Serve Underage Customers \_\_\_\_\_ of 22 points
>
> Adopt a Safe Transportation Strategy \_\_\_\_\_ of 14 points
>
> Price Responsibility \_\_\_\_\_ of 0 points
>
> Train all Staff \_\_\_\_\_ of 33 points
>
> Actively Market Food \_\_\_\_\_ of 14 points
>
> Promote Alternative Beverages \_\_\_\_\_ of 14 points
>
> Publicize and Market Your Position \_\_\_\_\_ of 16 points
>
> TOTAL \_\_\_\_\_ of 182 points

**RBS Manager Training Evaluation**

1\. Overall, how satisfied would you say you are with the manager
training you just attended?\
\
1. \_\_\_\_\_ Very satisfied\
2. \_\_\_\_\_ Somewhat satisfied\
3. \_\_\_\_\_ Somewhat dissatisfied\
4. \_\_\_\_\_ Very dissatisfied

2\. Overall, would you say that the training seemed to fit your
particular business well or not very well?\
\
1. \_\_\_\_\_ Well\
2. \_\_\_\_\_ Not Very Well

2A. If you said NOT VERY WELL, Why didn't it fit well?

3\. Was there anything that the training did not spend enough time on?\
\
1. \_\_\_\_\_ Yes\
2. \_\_\_\_\_ No

3A If you said YES, What was that?

4\. Was there anything that the training spent too much time on?\
\
1. \_\_\_\_\_ Yes\
2. \_\_\_\_\_ No

4A If you said YES, What was that?

5\. Do you think that if owners and managers adopted the guidelines
given in the training there would be an appreciable drop in drunk
driving?\
\
1. \_\_\_\_\_ Yes\
2. \_\_\_\_\_ No

5A If you said NO, Why not?

6\. What do you see as the greatest obstacle to your implementing
policies and procedures as suggested in the training?

7\. Do you think that a training seminar for your employees who serve
alcohol should also be offered, or would it be better for managers and
owners to train their own staff?\
\
1. \_\_\_\_\_ Training seminar offered\
2. \_\_\_\_\_ Managers train their own staff\
3. \_\_\_\_\_ Other (please specify):

8\. Managers may have difficulty implementing responsible beverages
serving practices in their own establishments. There are several ways a
program can help owners and managers overcome obstacles that they may
confront in their own businesses beyond the basic training. For each of
the following, please tell us whether you think it would be very useful,
somewhat useful, or not useful.

8A Manager training is followed by personal visits to each business from
a consultatn in responsible beverage service.\
\
1. \_\_\_\_\_ Very Useful\
2. \_\_\_\_\_ Somewhat Useful\
3. \_\_\_\_\_ Not Useful\
Comments:

8B Training sessions offered to front-line servers covering serving
practices, preventing intoxication, and how to communicate with
customers.\
\
1. \_\_\_\_\_ Very Useful\
2. \_\_\_\_\_ Somewhat Useful\
3. \_\_\_\_\_ Not Useful\
Comments:

8C A training video that you could show your staff as part of your own
training program.\
\
1. \_\_\_\_\_ Very Useful\
2. \_\_\_\_\_ Somewhat Useful\
3. \_\_\_\_\_ Not Useful\
Comments:

8D A workbook is given out at the end of the basic training which
outlines the basic steps toward implementation (e.g., reviewing
policies, meeting with staff, training staff, etc.)\
\
1. \_\_\_\_\_ Very Useful\
2. \_\_\_\_\_ Somewhat Useful\
3. \_\_\_\_\_ Not Useful\
Comments:

Appendix H[]{#ApxH .anchor} []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491427 .anchor}\
\
\
\
Acting Pseudo Patron Survey

**PSEUDO-PATRON PROTOCOL**

1\. Enter the establishment, locate the bar or bar area.

2\. Walk to bar, displaying difficulty in balance and walking a straight
line.

3\. Be sure to have employee's attention (preferably bartender)

4\. Display difficulty in getting seated.

5\. Check your money, emptying pockets on bar top and trying to
concentrate on what you've got.

6\. Try to interact with server for a minimum of three to five minutes
before placing an order. Use slurred speech.

7\. Note server characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity).

8\. Order standard size beer.

9\. Note reaction to order in what server says, does, or any signs of
ignoring or delaying service.

10\. Stay until served, refused, or for five more minutes. If service is
delayed, see if later orders were filled.

11\. Exit. If served, pay for it, but do not drink the beer. Let server
know you won't be drinking (e.g., "I don't feel too good," or "I've had
enough already," etc.). If refused, thank the server for his or her
concern, agreeing with their judgment. In either case, the server is
probably anxious about their dealing with you, so relieve them as best
you can. If service is clearly delayed, just walk out.

**INTOXICATION SCENE COMPONENTS**

1\. Walking In\
Gross motor coordination: sway, stagger, difficulty sitting,
disorientation, fast/slow speed and changes; making visible effort to
get it under control.

2\. Talking with the barkeep\
Swaying on stool, speech slurred, fast/slow, loud/soft speech changes;
difficulty understanding, distractions, emotional changes.

3\. Ask for the prices\
Price of house scotch, beer, ask for repeat, having difficulty
understanding and remembering

4\. Find motor coordination\
Fumble with wallet, purse, money, cigarettes; confusion and difficult
motor coordination

5\. More time for scene if needed\
Ask for more time, go to restroom, get cigarettes, etc.

6\. After service or refusal\
Refuse the drink if served or thank the employee if not served; reassure
them that you are not going to drive and will be safe after leaving

After served you don't need to get elaborate in dumping out or spilling
drink. Make a congenial exit as soon as possible after #6 above.

**RELIABLE SIGNS OF INTOXICATION**

1\. RED EYES

2\. DECREASED ALERTNESS

3\. SMELL OF ALCOHOL

4\. QUICK, SLOW, OR FLUCTUATING PACE OF SPEECH

5\. FINE MOTOR COORDINATION PROBLEMS (like ability to light a cigarette,
hold a stemmed glass, pick up change)

6\. gross motor coordination problems (like staggering, leaning,
falling, plopping down in the chair)

7\. SLURRED SPEECH

8\. CHANGED SPEECH VOLUME (starting to talk louder or much softer)

9\. SLOWED RESPIRATION (the person's breathing seems to slow down)

10\. SWEATING

11\. SLEEPINESS

**POTENTIAL PROBLEM SIGNS**

1\. DEPRESSED OR "HYPER" ATTITUDE

2\. SOCIALLY INAPPROPRIATE

3\. FLUSHED FACE

4\. RAMBLING SPEECH

**INTOXICATION SCENE**

Enter a bar or the bar area of a restaurant alone (your partner will
already be seated with a good view of the bar or serving area). Look
around and check the place out. You are so intoxicated that it is easy
for others to notice that you are. You are having difficulty walking,
coordinating your movements, and speaking. You walk to the bar or a
table with some difficulty and sit down. Pick a spot that is easily
viewed by your partner.

Look around and check out other patrons and servers. Be expansive and
engaged in the environment, not withdrawn. When approached, ask for a
beer and request that the wait person tell you what is available when
asked what kind. You are slow, have difficulty understanding, and ask
for him or her to repeat some of the choices. You ask for a bottle of
Budweiser. When the beer is brought, you fumble through your pockets,
purse, and/or wallet for money. You drop something (wallet, purse,
money, keys, etc.) and have difficulty picking it up. You have
difficulty counting out your money. You may also fumble with cigarettes
if you have them.

Your goal is to give the server a minimum of a 5 minute sample of
"no-doubt" intoxicated behavior. If you find that they attempt to speed
you up, do whatever you can to slow the interaction down (fumble for
cigarettes, delay a decision to look for money, ask directions and go to
the bathroom, ask what food they have available, etc.) Be nice and
friendly. Do not get into arguments or react to negative comments of the
server or other customers.

Do not accept a draft beer if served one. Insist on beer in a bottle
even if not Bud. Do not accept a non-alcoholic beer. If served one ask
for something else. Once served, pay for the beer and leave the bar
without drinking. Stay in character until you are out the door and back
in the car. When your partner joins you, allow them to drive to the next
destination.

**PSEUDO PATRON INSTRUMENT**

**OBSERVER**

**Header Information**

**1. Establishment ID code** \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Community**:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**2. Your ID \#** \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Survey date:**
\_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_

**3. Time arrived at assigned establishment**: \_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_ am/pm

**Exterior** **Environment**

**4. How would you rate the exterior condition of the building?**
*(circle one)*\
\
excellent disrepair\
1 2 3 4 5

**5. Any signs indicating price promotions\
**(e.g., happy hours w/ drinks, two-for-ones, etc.)?

> Yes, many 1\
> Yes, one or two 2\
> No 3

**6. Are the signs or posters targeted to any particular group\
**(e.g., women, ethnic groups, in Spanish or with Mexican symbols,
etc.)?

Yes 1 No 2

6a. **If YES, to whom**? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**7. Type of establishment**

> Bar 1\
> Restaurant w/separate bar area 2\
> Restaurant 3\
> Club 4\
> Hotel or motel lounge 5\
> Bowling Alley 6\
> Other 7\
> What? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Interior (Drink Orders)**

**8. Drinker's Sitting location**

> At a bar (preferred) 1\
> Table near a bar 2\
> Table away from any bar 3

**9. How obvious was performer's display of intoxication**

> Impossible to miss, very obvious 1\
> Easy to see if watching 2\
> Hard to tell if intoxicated 3\
> Didn't look intoxicated at all 4

**10. How similar is the performance to past performances?**

> Very Similar 1\
> Similar 2\
> Not Similar 3

10 a. **If NOT SIMILAR, why not?**
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**11. Server's attention to performance:**

> Server was very attentive, paid close attention 1\
> Server seemed to notice what was going on 2\
> Server was slightly attentive 3\
> Server may not have noticed behavior 4

**12. How many other employees showed attention:** \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**General Descriptive Information**

**13. Lighting:**

> Dim, difficult to see until eyes get adjusted 1\
> Moderately low lighting (e.g., spots) 2\
> Fairly bright lighting 3\
> Very bright 4

**14. Noise level:**

> Intimate conversation possible 1\
> Normal conversation possible 2\
> Difficult to converse 3\
> Impossible to converse 4

**15. How would you rate the general condition of the interior?**
*(circle one)*\
\
excellent disrepair\
1 2 3 4 5

**16. Approximate number of patrons** (not counting yourself and your
partner)?

> 0 to 10 1\
> 11 to 20 2\
> 21 to 50 3\
> over 50 4

**17. How busy was the establishment?** *(circle one)*

> not busy very busy\
> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

**18. Approximate number of staff**

> 18 a. Bartenders\
> 18 b. Other Servers\
> 18 c. Security (include. door person)

**19. Activities**

> Games (include. pool) 1\
> Dancing 2\
> Restaurant 3\
> Stage entertainment 4\
> Television 5\
> Other 6\
> What? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**20. Were there any signs, posters, table tents, etc. that caution
patrons about the health\
or safety dangers associated with drinking alcoholic beverages?**

Yes 1 No 2

20 a. **IF YES, What prevention messages are covered by the signs, table
tents, etc.?**

> Pregnancy warning 1\
> Enforcement 2\
> Safety (Crash) 3\
> Know your limits 4\
> Friends don't let friends drive drunk 5\
> Designated Driver 6\
> Other 7\
> What? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Wrap-up**

**21. Apart from data directly coded above, was there anything in the
behavior of the server(s) or other employees that would indicate that
they saw a need to intervene?**

**22. Staff interaction with patrons:**

> Very friendly, lots of interaction 1\
> Friendly, some interaction 2\
> Impersonal, minimal interaction 3\
> Rude 4

**Patrons**

**23. Are there any "types" of patrons that seem most visible?**
*(circle up to 3)*

> 1\. Families\
> 2. Business & Professionals (including co-workers)\
> 3. Bikers\
> 4. Seniors\
> 5. Singles\
> 6. Blue collar\
> 7. Agricultural workers (include. cowboys, field hands, etc.)\
> 8. Couples\
> 9. Sports oriented (include. team members/fishermen/golfers)\
> 11. Military\
> 12. Gay/Lesbian\
> 13. Students\
> 10. Other (What?) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**24. Any predominant ethnicity?**

> 1 White\
> 2 Native American\
> 3 African-American\
> 4 Hispanic\
> 5 Asian\
> 6 Other (What?) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**25. Was there any predominant age range?**

Yes 1 No 2

25a. **IF YES, What is your estimate of it?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

**End**

**PSEUDO PATRON INSTRUMENT**

**DRINKER**

**Header Information**

**1. Establishment ID code** \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Community:**
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**2. Your ID \#** \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Survey date:**
\_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**3. Time arrived at assigned establishment**: \_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_ am/pm

**Exterior** **Environment**

**4. Type of establishment**

> Bar 1\
> Restaurant w/separate bar area 2\
> Restaurant 3\
> Club 4\
> Hotel or motel lounge 5\
> Bowling Alley 6\
> Other 7\
> What? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Interior (Drink Orders)**

**4. When drink was ordered**

4a. Circle one for server response, if more than one, use code number to
separate written responses.\
1. Comments\
2. Interrogation\
3. Suggestions regarding alternatives\
4. Delaying\
5. Transportation\
6. Refusals

4b.

**5. Were you served the drink?\
\
Yes 1 No 2**

**6. When the drink was brought:**

6a. Circle one for server response, if more than one, use code number to
separate written responses.\
1. Comments\
2. Interrogation\
3. Suggestions regarding alternatives\
4. Delaying\
5. Transportation\
6. Refusals

6b.

**Server Demographic Characteristics**

Please indicate, as best you can, the following characteristics of the
server you interacted with at this location.

**7. Was the server:**

> Male 1\
> Female 2

**8. Was the server:**

> Caucasian 1\
> Hispanic 2\
> Native American 3\
> African American 4\
> Asian/Pacific Islander 5\
> Other 6\
> Please try to describe
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**9. Estimate the approximate age of the server:**

> 21 to 25 1\
> 26 to 30 2\
> 31 to 35 3\
> 36 to 40 4\
> 41 to 45 5\
> 46 to 50 6\
> 51 to 55 7\
> 56 to 60 9\
> 61 to 65 9\
> over 65 10

**10. How similar was your performance to past performances?**

> Very Similar 1\
> Similar 2\
> Not Similar 3

10 a. **If NOT SIMILAR, why not?**
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**11. Server's attention to performance:**

> Server was very attentive, paid close attention 1\
> Server seemed to notice what was going on 2\
> Server was slightly attentive 3\
> Server may not have noticed behavior 4

**12. Did you deal with more than one server?**

> Yes 1 No 2

**13. Cost of standard drinks**

> Bottle of Budweiser? \$ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\
> Well drink (scotch)? \$ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Wrap-up**

**14. Apart from data directly coded above, was there anything in the
behavior of the server(s) or other employees that would indicate that
they saw a need to intervene?**

**End**

September 1999

To Whom It May Concern:

This letter certifies that the bearer is a volunteer of SNAPP project of
the Prevention Research Center, and is currently engaged in a research
project on server intervention funded by the National Institute on
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), a federal National Institutes of
Health agency. The bearer is an actor; his role in this project is to
portray the part of an intoxicated patron requesting alcohol service. He
is visiting numerous establishments to determine how often intoxicated
individuals are served alcohol in Sacramento. He is not actually
intoxicated; he is only acting and attempting to appear as if he is.

Please note that all information gathered from his experiences in the
establishments that he visits, particularly in terms of the names of
servers and the name of the establishment, will be held in complete
confidentiality. To be clear, no employee names or names of
establishments will be divulged to any individual, organization, or
agency. We appreciate your help and assistance in our research. If you
have any concerns or questions about the nature of this project, please
feel free to me at (510) 486-1111.

Thank you for your cooperation.

Sincerely,

Dr. Andrew Treno Lenora Nuñez\
Project Manager Data Manager\
Prevention Research Center SNAPP Project\
(510) 486-1111 (916)

**Observer Expenses**

**Observers Name**:

**Survey date**: \_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_/ 99 **Neighborhood:**
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Odometer reading** at beginning of evening:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**Odometer reading** at end of evening:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

  -------------------------------- --------------- -------------- ---------
  Name of Outlet                   Amount Received Amount Spent   Balance

  Beginning amount:                **\$**                         

  1\.                                              **\$**         

  2\.                                              **\$**         

  3\.                                              **\$**         

  4\.                                              **\$**         

  5\.                                              **\$**         

  6\.                                              **\$**         

  7\.                                              **\$**         

  8\.                                              **\$**         

  9\.                                              **\$**         

  10\.                                             **\$**         

  12                                               **\$**         

  13\.                                             **\$**         

  14\.                                             **\$**         

  15\.                                             **\$**         

  Balance remaining *(return to                                   **\$**
  supervisor)*                                                    
  -------------------------------- --------------- -------------- ---------

**Pseudo Patron Expenses**

**Pseudo Patron's Name**:

**Survey date**: \_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_/ 99 **Neighborhood**:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

  -------------------------------- --------------- -------------- ---------
  Name of Outlet                   Amount Received Amount Spent   Balance

  Beginning amount:                **\$**                         

  1\.                                              **\$**         

  2\.                                              **\$**         

  3\.                                              **\$**         

  4\.                                              **\$**         

  5\.                                              **\$**         

  6\.                                              **\$**         

  7\.                                              **\$**         

  8\.                                              **\$**         

  9\.                                              **\$**         

  10\.                                             **\$**         

  12                                               **\$**         

  13\.                                             **\$**         

  14\.                                             **\$**         

  15\.                                             **\$**         

  Balance remaining *(return to                                   **\$**
  supervisor)*                                                    
  -------------------------------- --------------- -------------- ---------

Appendix I[]{#ApxI .anchor} []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491428 .anchor}\
\
\
\
Retail Off-Premise Description Survey

**SNAPP**

**Off-Premise Alcohol Establishment Characteristics**

1\. ABC License Number
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

2\. Name on form (ABC Name)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

3\. Address \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

4\. Name on Store (DBA Name)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

5a. Today\'s Date: \_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_ 5b. Time of Visit:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5c. Data by: \_\_\_\_\_

6a. Closing time Friday: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 6b. Closing time Saturday:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

7\. Neighborhood:

\_\_\_ South \_\_\_ North \_\_\_ At-large

8\. Type of Busines

01 \_\_\_ Gas station (no milk)\
02 \_\_\_ Convenience store (milk)\
03 \_\_\_ Grocery store (fresh meat)\
04 \_\_\_ Private clubs (VFW, American Legion)\
05 \_\_\_ Drug store\
06 \_\_\_ Liquor store\
07 \_\_\_ Bar\
08 \_\_\_ Restaurant only\
09 \_\_\_ Restaurant/Bar\
10 \_\_\_ Other, specify \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

9\. Chain store

\_\_\_ Yes\
\_\_\_ No

10\. Area

1 \_\_\_ Primarily Downtown/retail\
2 \_\_\_ Primarily Industrial\
3 \_\_\_ Primarily perimeter retail (malls, etc.)\
4 \_\_\_ Primarily residential\
5 \_\_\_ Resort or rural\
6 \_\_\_ Other. Describe
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

11\. Proximity to other Alcohol Outlets

1 \_\_\_ Next door to Alcohol Outlet\
2 \_\_\_ Within same block (1/8 mile)\
3 \_\_\_Within 2 blocks (1/4 mile)\
4 \_\_\_Beyond 2 blocks

12\. Exterior Maintenance

1 \_\_\_ [Good]{.underline} (no trash on the ground or overflowing the
trash barrel, no disrepair/peeling paint)\
2 \_\_\_ [Fair]{.underline} (a few pieces of trash on the ground, minor
disrepair)\
3 \_\_\_ [Poor]{.underline} (lots of trash, lots of disrepair)

13\. Safe to Visit

\_\_\_ Yes\
\_\_\_ No. Why
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

14\. Unusual characteristics\
\
\
\
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

15\. Directions:

Appendix J []{#ApxJ .anchor} []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491429 .anchor}\
\
\
\
Under Age Decoy Purchase Survey

**Overview of the Underage Decoy Data Collection**

*Why collect data through use of an underage decoy?*

> Direct purchasing of liquor by minors at off-site premises, such as
> liquor stores, convenience stores, and supermarkets, is apparently
> relatively easy. Previous studies in different communities around the
> U.S. report that approximately 50% of minors age 16-21 get carded
> (asked for identification) when attempting to purchase alcohol.
> Because laws banning such sales already exist, increasing enforcement
> of these laws is one way to reduce access to alcohol by minors.
> Another way is to increase awareness of the relative ease with which
> someone who appears to be under age 21 can purchase alcoholic
> beverages.
>
> Hence, the specific purpose of this data collection is to determine
> the rate at which youthful buyers are able to purchase liquor at
> off-site premises in the communities under study.
>
> The survey is part of the data collection efforts of the SNAPP project
> of the Prevention Research Center (PRC) and is funded by the National
> Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA).

*Who will be the buyers.*

> The decoys will be females over the age of 21 who appear to be around
> 18 years of age. The Internal Review Board of the Prevention Research
> Center, the body that reviews ethical issues in data collection, has
> stated after some discussion that the decoys must be over 21.
> Youthful-looking females are used because past research has indicated
> that they are more successful in buying liquor than are
> youthful-looking males.
>
> A panel will be established to judge the apparent age of decoys. We
> will try to hire people who appear to be about 18 years old. We are
> working on the assumption that any person whose appearance indicates
> they may be under 18 should be carded.

*How is the survey conducted?*

> The decoy will go into stores that sell liquor and attempt to buy a
> six pack of beer. If they are asked for ID they will leave. They will
> not lie about their age.

*Which establishments are being selected?*

> Only places that sell liquor to go, off-site premises, are included in
> this study. We will be surveying a sample of 100 off-site alcohol
> retailers in each community. In communities having less than 100
> licensed off-premise establishments, all outlets will be surveyed.

*How will the data be used?*

> Data will be used in aggregate form to inform the community about the
> ability of minors to purchase alcohol. Data will not be reported back
> to individual places or people. The data will also be used to monitor
> change over time in the ability of minors to purchase alcohol.

**How to Conduct the Underage Decoy Data Collection**.

A. Purpose

The purpose of the underage decoy survey is to determine the rate at
which a young appearing person is able to purchase liquor without
showing ID to establish age at off-site premises in the communities
under study, both experimental and control. This data collection will
take place periodically over the entire course of the five years of the
study. Meeting this goal will successfully address a number of different
agendas:

> 1\. Monitor change in alcohol sales to minors over time.
>
> 2\. Monitor differences between comparison and experimental sites.
>
> 3\. Provide feedback to the experimental communities on the extent of
> underage purchase of liquor at off-site premises.
>
> 4\. Provide data with which to produce scientific articles on the
> ability of minors to make liquor purchases.
>
> 5\. Potentially play a role in determining which premises are
> recruited for clerk training.

B. Overview of the Process

The buying would occur only on weekends. Attempted buys would be made
twice at each of the randomly selected sites, however, no buyer would
make an attempt to purchase at the same site more than once. The buyers
should be females that would actually be 21 or over, but appear to be
around 18. Women are used because research has shown that an underage
female is more likely to be served than an underage male. Data on the
success of the buy and on the characteristics of the server and the
premises are collected. IN general it is possible to make four buys an
hour. Past research indicates youthful buyers make a successful alcohol
purchase about 50% of the time.

C. Site Selection

From a list of off-site establishments in each community, a randomly
selected sample of 100 is drawn in Berkeley. For communities where there
are only about 100 sites (Oceanside and Orange), all sites will be used
and no sample draws.

For those sites where we do not have prior information, the site must be
scouted using the Scout Form. Also, for those sites where we have reason
to believe that the operating times may have changed, or the
neighborhood in which the outlet is located may have become more
dangerous, scouting should be done. It should not be assumed that places
that closed early previously will close early the next year; they should
be scouted again or called to determine their operating hours.

D. Procedures

1\. Hiring

> The recruitment of buyers is a crucial step in this process. We must
> have people who definitely appear to be underage; they also need to
> come form a different area than the one from which they will make a
> purchase, and feel comfortable in playing the role being asked of
> them. They should not only have a youthful physical appearance, but
> their demeanor and style of dress should also be appropriate for an 18
> year old. A sample advertisement is attached.
>
> In addition to hiring buyers, drivers will be hired so there will be a
> two person team. The drivers may be the people not selected to be
> buyers from the applicant pool. The drivers need also to appear
> youthful.
>
> In order to ensure the potential buyers actually appear under 21, (18
> is the appearance we are after to remove ambiguity), a panel is needed
> to judge the applicant\'s apparent age. This is necessary because the
> entire validity of the study rests on the appearance of the buyers.
> The panel should be composed of 7 to 10 individuals that would ideally
> include males and females, an appropriate ethnic match for the
> community, people who sell liquor or whose job includes interacting
> with people aged 14 to 20 years of age, and several people in the 21
> to 28 year age group who might be more discriminating in judging age
> of this set. (Judging Panel demographic questionnaire is attached)
>
> The actual process of review by the panel should not take very long.
> Each applicant should be asked similar questions such as to describe a
> recent movie they have seen. It might be interesting to have them talk
> about what factors might influence a clerk to sell to a minor. These
> interviews should not take very long, perhaps 5 minutes \-- the
> typical exchange between a buyer and a clerk is usually very short.
> Selection should be determined by physical appearance, whether they
> come across as being a teenage in mannerism and whether they would be
> able to successfully pose as an underage person. Each member of a
> panel would write down the person\'s apparent age (Judging Form) and
> the selection of buyers would be done on this basis. Those candidates
> whose average age is closest to 18 should be chosen.
>
> The plan is to hire two two person teams for each community. Each team
> is composed of a driver and a buyer. In communities where race or
> ethnicity must match neighborhoods, four two person teams must be
> hired; two teams for each race or ethnicity required. Each buyer will
> go to all the sites selected for that community (or within the
> racial/ethnic group of that community).
>
> Logistics of hiring are a major challenge. To be done successfully,
> there are three issues:\
> 1) hiring people from out of the area\
> 2) creating a panel of people to judge the age appropriateness\
> 3) getting the panel and buyer candidates together for review.

2\. Training of Buyers

> Training of buyers will take about four hours followed by three or
> more practice purchases followed by feedback sessions. See sample
> training agenda attached. Even if buyers who worked last year are used
> again they should be retrained and do some practice buys.
>
> A crucial element of the training is that consistent patterns are used
> when making the actual purchase attempt at the checkout stand.
>
> Buyers were instructed to select a 6-pack of Miller Lite beer for
> purchase. Where this is not offered, they were to select any other
> light beer, or Budweiser or any other 6-pack of beer or single
> bottles/cans of beer in order of availability at that outlet. Where
> beer is not available, wine cooler is an acceptable alternate
> beverage. In South Carolina, a pint of vodka is the beverage of choice
> at retail liquor stores. Where no alcohol is available such as in a
> flower shop or department store which may carry alcohol only
> seasonally, a buy can not be attempted.
>
> Drivers are instructed to avoid parking adjacent to the door,
> particularly where the cashier might be able to see the car while the
> buyer enters the establishment.
>
> **Buyers** are to attempt the purchase with a minimum of interaction
> with clerks or patrons in the store. They are to select the shortest
> line, or, where an express line is available and faster, to select the
> express line. If the clerk does request their age, they are to answer
> truthfully (all the buyers are of legal age to purchase alcohol). If
> the clerk requests identification, they are to say \"I left it in the
> car.\" At this point they should not leave, but should act a though
> they have a right to make the purchase. Only if the clerk insists on
> seeing the ID are they to leave the premise without a purchase.
> Following each buy attempt the buyer completes a Buyer Form.
>
> **Drivers**, in addition to knowing how to get to the establishments
> and providing company and security for the buyer, the driver will need
> to complete a Scouting Form for those establishments which do not have
> a current Scouting Form.

3\. Scheduling the Buys.

> All buys must occur between 6 pm and midnight. Buyers are paired, and
> a route assigned to Buyer A on a Friday would be reassigned to Buyer B
> on a Saturday. In this way, each outlet is scheduled to have two buy
> attempts, one on a Friday and one on a Saturday; one by Buyer A and
> one by Buyer B. Consequently, half of each buyer\'s attempts should
> occur on a Friday and half on a Saturday. In communities with two
> pairs of buyers, the routes must be designed and assigned to match the
> race/ethnicity of the buyers to that of the neighborhood being
> surveyed. These precautions allow analysis for possible bias due to
> weekend night or individual characteristics of the buyer.

Officially approved advertisement\
for recruiting underage alcohol purchase buyers

> \"Do you get carded at bars? Research Project needs people over 21 to
> work 3 weekend evenings in Sacramento. \$8 an hour with substantial
> bonus at the end. Women and minorities encouraged to apply.
> Bi-lingual/Spanish speakers also needed. (phone number ) (name of
> contact person).\"

Information about\
\
**Age Reviewer Panelists**

1\. What is your name (or ID)?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

2\. What is your gender? \_\_\_ Male \_\_\_ Female

3\. What is your ethnic/racial background?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

4\. What is your occupation?

5\. How many youth aged 14 to 21 live with you in your home?\
\
What are their ages? \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_

6\. Do you have regular contact with youth aged 14 to 21 in your work?\
\
\_\_\_\_ Yes \_\_\_\_ No\
\
If yes, please describe the type and frequency of such contact, and the
approximate number of youth contacted per week.

7\. Do you have other regular contact with youth aged 14 to 21 such as
through extended family, church, community service, teen club or
Scouting activities, etc.?\
\
\_\_\_\_ Yes \_\_\_\_ No\
\
If yes, please describe the type and frequency of such contacts,
including the approximate number of youth contacted per week.

REVIEW OF POTENTIAL APPLICANTS

Reviewer Name or ID \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Applicant first name \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Estimated Age (in years) \_\_\_\_\_\_

Self-Confidence \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 1 = low 5 = high

Ability to handle challenges \_\_\_\_\_\_ 1 = low 5 = high

Applicant first name \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Estimated Age (in years) \_\_\_\_\_\_

Self-Confidence \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 1 = low 5 = high

Ability to handle challenges \_\_\_\_\_\_ 1 = low 5 = high

Applicant first name \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Estimated Age (in years) \_\_\_\_\_\_

Self-Confidence \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 1 = low 5 = high

Ability to handle challenges \_\_\_\_\_\_ 1 = low 5 = high

Applicant first name \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Estimated Age (in years) \_\_\_\_\_\_

Self-Confidence \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 1 = low 5 = high

Ability to handle challenges \_\_\_\_\_\_ 1 = low 5 = high

**Underage Alcohol Purchase\
\
Buyer Training Agenda**

10:00-11:00 Administrative paperwork:\
Employment application, W-4 form, DE-3 form, I-9 form\
Check driver\'s license and auto insurance\
Alcohol Use Contract & Talent Release Form\
Sign-in sheets, time sheet masters, etc.

11:00-11:15 Introduction to the Prevention Research Center\
and SNAPP projects

11:15-11:30 Introductions to each other

11:30-1:00 Underage Decoy Survey background information:\
Experiences in the Minnesota Research & Community Trials Project\
Overview sheet\
Research practices, i.e., biases, consistency\
\
Individual experiences of being carded\
Interactions: what may happen out in the field\
How to handle potential problems\
\
Paperwork (observation/recording purchases/etc.)\
Buyer Form, handling money, Money (accounting) Form\
What to do with the alcohol when purchased\
\
How to act (and not to act)\
Buyer\'s role and duties\
Driver\'s role and duties\
\
Studying local maps\
\
Step-by-step layout of a survey night

1:00-1:30 Lunch Break (unpaid time)

1:30-3:00 Field practice - survey work

3:30-4:00 What happens next?\
Schedule of times and places to meet for actual surveys\
(including pick up of routes, buyer forms, maps, money and accounting
sheets).

**PRC/SNAPP\
\
Alcohol Purchase Project\
\
Alcohol Use Contract**

I hereby state that I will **NOT** consume **alcoholic beverages** on a
day I am employed by the Prevention Research Center.

In addition, under no circumstances will I consume any of the beer
purchased for the study. I am accountable for all the beer purchased
and/or money spent for that process.

> Name (please print)\
> \
> \
> Signature\
> \
> \
> Date:\
> \
> \
> Witness

[Prevention Research Center]{.smallcaps}\
2150 Shattuck Avenue Suite 900\
Berkeley, CA 94704

[Talent Release Form]{.smallcaps}

I,
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
hereby consent that my name and any photographs, video tapes or audio
recordings made of me may be used by the Prevention Research Center in
connection with their alcohol problem prevention efforts.

> Date: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
>
> Signature:\
> Address:\
> City: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
> State:\
> Zip code: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

{On coalition or PRC stationary}

To Whom it May Concern:

\<Name of Buyer\> is an employee of the Prevention Research Center. She
will be traveling around the Sacramento area to collect data for the
Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project, a research project
being conducted for the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism.

Thank you.

Lenor Nuñez\
Data Manager\
\<phone number\>

**SNAPP\
Alcohol Purchase Outcome (Buyer Form)**

1\. License Number

2\. Name on form

3\. Address

4\. Name on Store

5\. Buyer\'s ID

6\. Driver\'s ID

7\. Today\'s Date \_\_/\_\_/\_\_ 8. Time: \_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_

9\. Neighborhood:

1 South 2 North 3 At Large

10\. Purchase attempt outcome:

1 \_\_\_\_ Purchased with no questions

2 \_\_\_\_ Purchased after stating no ID

3 \_\_\_\_ No purchase

4 \_\_\_\_ No attempt possible (Explain on back)

11\. Purchase six pack of

12\. Purchase price; alcohol only: \$\_\_ \_\_. \_\_ \_\_

13\. Seller/server\'s Sex: 1 \_\_\_ Male 2. \_\_\_ Female

14\. Seller/server\'s Age: 1 \_\_\_ Less than 21\
2 \_\_\_ 21-30\
3 \_\_\_ 31 or older

15\. Seller/server\'s Ethnicity:

1 Asian 4 Latino 8 White\
2 Black 5 Middle Eastern 9 Other

16\. How many people were standing in line behind you at the time you
were at the cash register? \_\_\_\_\_

17\. How many cash registers (including closed counters)? \_\_\_\_\_

Warning Signs A B C\
Door Register Other

18\. No sales to minors \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

19\. Pregnancy warning \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

20\. Drunk driving warning \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

21\. Other, specify \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

22\. Comments during buy

C: Clerk B: Buyer

23\. Other Comments

**UNDERAGE PURCHASE DATA COLLECTION\
MONEY ACCOUNTING FORM**

Date \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Buyer \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Neighborhood: (circle one)\
\
South North At-Large

[Name of Outlet Cost]{.smallcaps} (including tax)

1\. \$\
2. \$\
3. \$\
4. \$\
5. \$\
6. \$\
7. \$\
8. \$\
9. \$\
10. \$

TOTAL: \$

  -------------------------------- --------------------------------------
  This is page \_\_\_\_\_\_ of     Amount at Start \$\
  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_                   Total (all pages) \$\
                                   Amount Returned \$

  -------------------------------- --------------------------------------

Appendix K[]{#ApxK .anchor} []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491430 .anchor}\
\
\
\
Interviewer Performance Evaluation

**Interviewer Evaluation Procedures**

When to Evaluate:

> Interviewers must be evaluated after their three month probationary
> period. Thereafter they should be evaluated on a yearly basis based on
> the anniversary of their employment.

Purpose of Evaluations:

> Some of the many purposes of evaluation include:
>
> \- To address areas for improvement for the interviewer
>
> \- To recognize areas of superior performance
>
> \- To provide a record of performance for personnel file
>
> \- To evaluate performance for decisions such as promotions,
> demotions, or separation from employment
>
> \- To provide feedback for the supervisor.

Evaluation Procedures:

> 1\. Before a Performance Evaluation
>
> You must notify the employee(s) up to two weeks before their
> evaluation is due, explain what it is, and schedule it. With
> interviewers, this advance notice is particularly important in order
> to set a schedule for the face-to-face interview which is required.
>
> When an appointment has been made, mail a confirmation memo (sample
> attached) and include a copy of the Interviewer Evaluation Worksheet
> (attached) and the Evaluation Criteria. Request the interviewers rate
> themselves based on a scale of best to worst where best = 5 and worst
> = 1. You might interpret the scale as:\
> 1 = inadequate performance to maintain employment\
> 2 = performance below satisfactory, significant improvement required\
> 3 = adequate performance, much improvement possible\
> 4 = good performance, some improvement possible\
> 5 = excellent performance, little improvement possible
>
> Inform the interviewer that all evaluation materials will be added to
> their personnel files. The attached worksheet was designed to evaluate
> roadside interviewers; the Specific Duties section will need
> modification or additions for ER interviewers and those performing
> other data collection tasks.
>
> 2\. Prepare the Evaluation
>
> Data Managers should also complete an Interviewer Evaluation Worksheet
> for each interviewer. Use information from the CompRate QuatroPro
> program to evaluate refusal rates and productivity, the NMH reports to
> evaluate identification of \"at risk\" drivers and feedback from the
> team leaders and your own observations to evaluate other items. Attach
> a comment section to the back of the worksheet.
>
> Prepare a brief cover letter summarizing the evaluation and any
> additional information such as details of infractions or superior
> performance which may not have been covered on the comment page or
> which you feel needs emphasizing. The letter should include any
> information appropriate for the personnel file which might not
> otherwise be accessible to PRC and PIRE, but which is important to the
> present and future employment of the interviewer. For example, this
> information may be used for advancement, or may later be used to
> provide references to future employers.
>
> The cover letter, evaluation worksheet, and comments page must be
> completed before the evaluation interview.
>
> 3\. Conduct the Evaluation Interview
>
> Check that the interviewer has signed the \"Evaluator\" space at the
> upper right of the Evaluation Worksheet which they completed, and that
> you have signed the one you completed.
>
> Meet with the interviewer, review the two Evaluation Worksheets, and
> discuss any differences of opinion between them.
>
> 4\. Conclude the Evaluation
>
> If differences between your evaluation and the interviewer\'s
> self-evaluation are significant, following the interview, you may wish
> to add a memo discussing the results of the interview. If the
> interviewer has been recommended for a raise and permission from the
> Evaluation Coordinator has been obtained, you must also prepare a
> Personnel Action Form (PAF).
>
> Photocopy all evaluation materials, and mail originals to the Office
> Manager at PRC for inclusion in their personnel files in Berkeley, CA
> and Rockville, MD.
>
> Sample Memo Regarding Performance Reviews

MEMORANDUM

TO: \<Interviewer #1\>, \<Interviewer #2\>, \<Interviewer #3\>\
FROM: \<Data Manager\>\
RE: 90-Day Performance Review\
DATE: \<date\>

As each of you know, you have been with the Prevention Research
Center\'s SNAPP Project since \<date\>. As your supervisor it is my
responsibility to evaluate your work performance at 3 months and
annually thereafter. I would like to meet with each of you soon to
discuss the evaluation.

Your evaluation will consist of a letter addressed to each of you
personally. I will be basing my evaluation on the \"Interviewer
Evaluation Criteria\" (attached). Using the enclosed Evaluation
Worksheet, I will be rating your performance. I would like you to
participate in your review by evaluating yourself using the same form.
Rate yourself using a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 is worst and 5 is best.
The letter, my worksheet and your worksheet will be added to your
personnel file.

During your fifteen minute conference, we will discuss each point
addressed and any differences of opinion. I would like to avoid
disturbing your schedule unduly, so have scheduled the interviews for
Friday and Saturday nights prior to the next survey. Please have your
evaluation forms completed in time for your evaluation as scheduled
below:

> Name Date Time\
> \
> Interviewer #1 October 8, 1999 5:30 to 5:45 pm\
> Interviewer #3 October 8, 1999 5:45 to 6:00 pm\
> \
> Interviewer #2 October 9, 1999 5:45 to 6:00 pm

If you are unable to make the date or time noted on the above schedule,
please call me by Tuesday October 5, 1999 so that we can make other
arrangements. Thank you for your cooperation and your hard work during
the past year.

Attachments: Interviewer Evaluation Worksheet\
Interviewer Evaluation Criteria

SNAPP INTERVIEWER EVALUATION WORKSHEET\
for Underage Decoy and Pseudo Patron Surveys

Name: Date:\
\
Evaluation Period: Evaluator:

+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| CRITERIA                            | 1 | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | N/A |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| PROFESSIONALISM:                    |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Committed to Standards of Quality   |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Appearance                          |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Relationship with General Public    |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Team Relations                      |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Promptness                          |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Preparation                         |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Efficiency                          |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
|                                     |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| QUALITY OF WORK:                    |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Completeness of Data Collection     |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Completeness of responses           |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| #                                   |   |    |    |    |    |     |
| ######  Follow the Protocol Exactly |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Documentation of irregularities     |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Productivity Rate                   |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Data is Organized at Data Check-in  |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
|                                     |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| ADMINISTRATION :                    |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Attention during staff              |   |    |    |    |    |     |
| meetings/training sessions          |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Communication with supervisor       |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
| Administrative Forms and Procedures |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+
|                                     |   |    |    |    |    |     |
+-------------------------------------+---+----+----+----+----+-----+

**INTERVIEWER EVALUATION**\
Comment Section

PROFESSIONALISM:

QUALITY OF WORK:

SURVEY SPECIFIC DUTIES:

INTERVIEWER INFRACTIONS:

HONORARY ACHIEVEMENTS/ OUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE:

**SNAPP INTERVIEWER EVALUATION CRITERIA**

**PROFESSIONALISM**

COMMITTED TO STANDARDS OF QUALITY: Professional approach to interviewing
and study objectives; seeks to improve skills; desires to do above
standard work; maintain high standards of integrity, professionalism, as
well as standards of a drug-free workplace.

APPEARANCE: Maintains a neat and clean appearance.

RELATIONSHIP WITH GENERAL PUBLIC: Relates well with all types of
respondents; treats blacks and whites, rich and poor, sober and
intoxicated, male and female, those with high and low education with
equal respect, patience, good humor and understanding.

TEAM RELATIONS: Willing to carry load even when difficult; maintains a
positive relationship with co-workers.

PROMPTNESS: Arrives promptly, free of illegal substances, and prepared
for work; meets study deadlines; and calls to notify supervisor when
unable to work.

PREPARATION: Studies instructions carefully; aware of unexpected
situations which may arise in survey work and is prepared to handle
them.

EFFICIENCY: Well organized; does not take extended breaks; strives to
maintain a productive schedule; number of surveys per shift within
acceptable range.

######## QUALITY OF WORK

Completeness of data collection: Attempts each assigned outlet and
answers each question on the survey instrument. Uses forms correctly

Completeness of responses: Does not skip questions, leave blanks or give
incomplete responses. Writes legibly

Follow the protocol exactly: Follows the protocol exactly as trained to
do. The quality of survey data is dependent upon consistent data
collection procedures.

DOCUMENTATION of irregularities: When irregularities occur during a
survey, documents both the problem and the response to the problematic
situation correctly and completely.

PRODUCTIVITY RATE: Must complete an acceptable number of surveys and
attempted surveys during each shift.

DATA IS ORGANIZED AT DATA CHECK-IN: Data forms are organized to
correspond with route sheets. All data is present, complete and
organized when submitted to the Data Manager.

**ADMINISTRATION**

ATTENTION DURING STAFF MEETINGS/TRAINING SESSION: Attends staff meetings
and training sessions in an alert, attentive frame of mind. Genuinely
interested in the data collection effort and improving performance.

COMMUNICATION WITH SUPERVISOR: Faithful reporting of vital information
regarding ability to handle assignment; informs supervisor of problems
and difficulties; has a positive response to requests and guidance of
supervisor.

ADMINISTRATIVE FORMS AND PROCEDURES: Keeps good records; follows
established procedures; is responsible in signing Interviewer Log and
timesheets, etc.

**PIRE is a Drug Free Workplace**

From the *Staff Guidebook* Appendix 7.6 Substance Abuse Policy and
Procedures

Pacific Institute requires its staff to report to and be at work in a
mental and physical condition conducive to the maintenance of safe
working conditions and expected levels of job performance, productivity,
and efficiency. Accordingly, the use, possession, manufacture,
distribution, dispensation, purchase, and/or sale of illegal drugs
(which include controlled substances), or the abuse of alcohol or legal
drugs, or being under the influence of either alcohol or illegal drugs
while on or in Pacific Institute property or premises or on Pacific
Institute business is prohibited and may result in immediate dismissal
from employment (See Corrective Action Policy and Procedures, Appendix
7.4). Further, conviction in any court for the use, possession,
distribution, dispensation, purchase, or sale of illegal drugs off
Pacific Institute property or while not on Pacific Institute business
will also usually result in immediate dismissal. Due to the nature of
the work at Pacific Institute there is a special sensitivity to this
issue.

As a federal contractor Pacific Institute must abide by governmental
regulations for a drug-free workplace, and each staff member, as a
condition of employment, must abide by Pacific Institute's substance
abuse policy. In compliance with the Drug-Free Workplace Act, staff
members must sign a statement that they have received this policy for
placement in their personnel file. Staff must also notify Pacific
Institute in writing within five days of conviction of a criminal drug
offense. Failure to provide the required notice may result in immediate
separation from employment.

See the *Staff Guidebook* for Procedures and Management
Responsibilities.

**Interviewer Job Description**

Hours:

> Friday and Saturday nights from 6:00 pm to midnight am. Interviewers
> are expected to work three to six such nights per month during survey
> periods.

Setting:

> 1 Underage Decoy Purchase Surveys: These surveys will take place in
> off-premise alcohol establishments throughout Sacramento.
>
> 2 Pseudo Patron Surveys: These surveys will take place in on-premise
> alcohol establishments throughout Sacramento.

Specific Responsibilities:

> 1 Work as a team; one is the actor, the other the driver.
>
> 2\. Follow the protocol for the survey exactly, and consistently
> across all establishments visited.
>
> 3\. Complete data collection forms immediately following each visit,
> and complete forms accurately and completely. Document any
> irregularities thoroughly.
>
> 4\. Complete route in a timely manner, and return all data to the Data
> Manager each evening.

Requirements:

> 1\. Ability to interact with all people in a congenial and
> professional manner.
>
> 2\. Ability to fulfill complex tasks with consistency.
>
> 3\. Ability to meet standards of professionalism and quality of work
> as detailed in the "Interviewer Evaluation Criteria."
>
> 4\. Physically able to drive, stand, hear, walk and speak.
>
> 5\. Underage Decoy team members are young women (age 21 to 24);\
> Pseudo Patron team members are adult men

Employment:

Status - part time temporary employee

> Pay - \$10.00 per hour. Bilingual (Spanish) preferred. Appropriate
> taxes will be withheld.
>
> Benefits - No benefits.

Employer:

  ------------------------------------------ ----------------------------
  (Parent Organization)\                     Prevention Research Center\
  Pacific Institute for Research &           2150 Shattuck Avenue #900\
  Evaluation\                                Berkeley, CA 94547-1314\
  11140 Rockville Pike 6^th^ floor\          (510) 486-1111
  Rockville, MD 20852\                       
  (301) 984-6500                             

  ------------------------------------------ ----------------------------

Appendix L[]{#ApxL .anchor} []{#__RefHeading___Toc458491431 .anchor}\
\
\
\
Human Subjects Protection

**Human Subjects Protection**

The Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation (PIRE) and the
Prevention Research Center (PRC) conduct important public health and
social science research. Necessarily we obtain the data for our research
from human subjects. However, it is incumbent upon us all to ensure that
no person is injured, not even indirectly, because of participation in
our research efforts.

To ensure maximum protection for all human subjects, each project of
PIRE and the PRC which involves human subjects, is reviewed annually by
an Institutional Review Board (IRB). As the Local Data Manager, it is
important to understand the potential for risk to respondents so that
you can ensure their anonymity and preserve the confidentiality which
makes this research possible. The Code o f Federal Regulations (45 CFR
46) require that all human subjects research abide by the principles of
respect for persons, minimization of risk, maximization of benefit, and
fairness. Some important points to consider include:

> Informed Consent: A respondent must always be fully informed about any
> survey in which he/she is asked to participate. Respondents must be
> told the purpose of the survey the possible benefits, any possible
> risks, their right to refuse to participate in part or all of the
> survey, and the name and phone number of the Project Manager should
> they desire to contact him.
>
> Confidentiality: All interviews should be conducted in such a way that
> the responses are confidential. All interview materials must be stored
> and transmitted to Berkeley in such a was as to ensure individual
> confidentiality, and it is essential that interviewers not discuss or
> reveal information obtained through the interview process.
>
> Security: All data should be stored or transmitted in such a way as to
> protect the identity of respondents. For purposes of the SNAPP
> project, no survey data should contain names of individual
> respondents, all data should be stored in secured file cabinets and
> duplicated before shipping to Berkeley.

[^1]: The much greater percentages of minority youth in elementary
    schools reflects the changing demographics of the South and North
    sites; continuing the historical shift from predominantly white to
    predominantly minority neighborhoods which has been taking place in
    Sacramento for some decades.