SECTION 06 1000

ROUGH CARPENTRY

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

[LANL MASTER SPECIFICATION]{.underline}

This template must be edited for each project.  In doing so, specifier
must add job-specific requirements.  Brackets are used in the text to
indicate designer choices or locations where text must be supplied by
the designer.  Once the choice is made or text supplied, remove the
brackets.  The specifications must also be edited to delete
specification requirements for processes, items, or designs that are not
included in the project \-- and specifier's notes such as these.  To
seek a variance from requirements in the specifications that are
applicable, contact the Engineering Standards Manual Architectural
[POC](http://www.lanl.gov/orgs/eng/engstandards/POCs.shtml#arch). Please
contact POC with suggestions for improvement as well.\
\
When assembling a specification package, include applicable
specifications from all Divisions, especially Division 1, General
requirements.\
\
Specification developed for ML-4 projects.  For ML-1, 2, and 3
applications, additional requirements and independent reviews should be
added if increased confidence in procurement or execution is desired;
see ESM Ch 1 Section Z10 Specifications and Quality Sections.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

PART 1 GENERAL

1.  SECTION INCLUDES

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Framing with dimension lumber.

B.  Wood furring, grounds, nailers, and blocking.

C.  Sheathing.

D.  Subflooring.

E.  Underlayment.

F.  Rooftop equipment bases and support curbs.

G.  Fasteners and metal framing anchors.

    1.  REFERENCES

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  American Forest and Paper Association (AFPA)

    1.  Manual for Wood Frame Construction.

B.  American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

    1.  A208.1: Mat-Formed Manufactured Panels.

C.  APA - Engineered Wood Association (APA)

    1.  Form E30: Engineered Wood Design/Construction Guide.

D.  American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).

    1.  B18.2.1: Square and Hex Bolts and Screws - Inch Series.

    2.  B18.6.1: Wood Screws (Inch Series).

E.  American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC)

F.  American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

    1.  A153: Specifications for Zinc-Coating (Hot-Dip of Iron and Steel
        Hardware).

    2.  A307: Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 PSI
        Tensile Strength.

    3.  A563: Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts.

    4.  A653: Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or
        Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process.

    5.  D245: Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Related
        Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber.

    6.  D2555: Test Method for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values.

    7.  F1667: Standard Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails,
        Spikes, and Staples

G.  American Wood Preservers Association (AWPA)

    1.  C2: Lumber, Pressure Treatment

    2.  C9: Plywood, Pressure Treatment

    3.  C20: Structural Lumber, Fire-Retardant Pressure Treatment

    4.  C27: Plywood, Fire-Retardant Pressure Treatment

    5.  M4: Standard for the Care of Preservative-Treated Wood Products

H.  Federal Specifications (FS)

    1.  FF-N-105B: Nails, Brads, Staples and Spikes: Wire, Cut and
        Wrought

I.  International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO)

    1.  International Building Code, Chapter 23, Wood

J.  National Particle Board Association (NPA)

K.  U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and
    Technology

    1.  PS 1: S Product Standard for Construction and Industrial Plywood

    2.  PS 2: Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels

    3.  PS 20: American Softwood Lumber Standard (ASLS)

    ```{=html}
    <!-- -->
    ```
    1.  SUBMITTALS

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Submit the following in accordance with the conditions of Contract
    and Section 01 3300, Submittal Procedures:

    1.  Product Data: Submit manufacturer's product data for each
        distinct product specified.

    2.  Material certificates for dimension lumber specified to comply
        with minimum allowable unit stresses. Indicate species and grade
        selected for each use, and design values approved by AITC's
        American Lumber Standards Committee's Board of Review.

    3.  Wood treatment data as follows, including chemical treatment
        manufacturer's warranty and instructions for handling, storing,
        installing, finishing and disposal of treated materials:

        a.  For each type of preservative-treated wood product, include
            certification by treating plant stating type of preservative
            solution and pressure process used, net amount of
            preservative retained, and compliance with applicable
            standards.

        b.  For waterborne-treated products, include statement that
            moisture content of treated materials was reduced to levels
            indicated before shipment to Project site.

        c.  For fire-retardant-treated wood products, include
            certification by treating plant that treated materials
            comply with specified standard and other requirements as
            well as data relative to bending strength, stiffness, and
            fastener-holding capacities of treated materials.

B.  LEED Submittals

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
1.  Credit EQ 4.1: Manufacturers' product data for construction
    adhesive, including printed statement of VOC content.

2.  Credit EQ 4.4: Composite wood manufacturer's product data for each
    composite wood product used indication that bonding agent used
    contains no urea formaldehyde.

> 3\. \[Credit MR 7: Certificates of chain-of-custody signed by
> manufacturers certifying that products specified to be made from
> certified wood were made from wood obtained from forests certified by
> a Forest Stewardship Council - accredited certification body to comply
> with FSC 1.2, "Principles and Criteria". Include evidence that mill is
> certified for chain-of-custody by an FSC-accredited certification
> body.\]

1.  QUALITY ASSURANCE

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Single-Source Responsibility for Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood: Obtain
    each type of fire-retardant-treated wood product from one source and
    by single producer.

    1.  DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Deliver wood products bundled or crated to proved adequate
    protection during transit and job storage, with required grade marks
    clearly identifiable. Inspect wood products for damage upon
    delivery. Remove and replace damaged materials.

B.  Keep materials under cover and dry. Protect from weather and contact
    with damp or wet surfaces. Stack lumber, plywood, and other panels.
    Provide for air circulation within and around stacks, and under
    temporary coverings.

    1.  For lumber and plywood pressure-treated with waterborne
        chemicals, place spacers between each bundle to provide air
        circulation.

C.  Protect sheet materials during handling to prevent breaking of
    corners and damage to surfaces.

PART 2 -- PRODUCTS

2.1 LUMBER, GENERAL

A.  Lumber Standards: Comply with PS 20, "American Softwood Lumber
    Standard," and with applicable grading rules of inspection agencies
    certified by AITC's American Lumber Standards Committee's Board of
    Review. Lumber design values are to comply with ASTM D245 and ASTM
    D2555.

B.  Inspection Agencies: Inspection agencies, and their grading rules
    include the following:

    1.  Northeastern Lumber Manufactures Association (NELMA).

        a.  Standard Grading Rules.

> 2\. National Lumber Grades Authority (NLGA) (Canadian).
>
> a\. Standard Grading Rules.
>
> 3\. Redwood Inspection Service (RIS).
>
> a\. Standard Specifications for Grades of California Redwood Lumber.
>
> 4\. Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB)
>
> a\. Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber.
>
> 5\. West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLIB).
>
> a\. No. 17 Standard Grading Rules for West Coast Lumber.
>
> 6\. Western Wood Products Association (WWPA).
>
> a\. Western Lumber Grading Rules.

C.  Grade Stamps: Provide lumber with each piece factory marked with
    grade stamp of inspection agency evidencing compliance with grading
    rule requirements and identifying grading agency, grade, species,
    moisture content at time of surfacing, and mill.

> 1\. For exposed lumber, furnish pieces with grade stamps applied to
> ends or back of each piece, or omit grade stamps and provide
> grade-compliance certificates issued by inspection agency.

D.  Where nominal sizes are indicated, provide actual sizes required by
    PS 20 for moisture content specified. Where actual sizes are
    indicated, they are minimum dressed sizes for dry lumber.

    1.  Provide dressed lumber, surfaced four sides (S4S), unless
        otherwise indicated.

    2.  Provide dry lumber with 19 percent maximum moisture content at
        time of dressing for 2-inch nominal thickness or less, unless
        otherwise indicated.

    ```{=html}
    <!-- -->
    ```
    2.  WOOD-PRESERVATIVE-TREATED MATERIALS

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  General: Where lumber or plywood is indicated as preservative
    treated or is specified to be treated, comply with applicable
    requirements of AWPA C2 (lumber) and AWPA C9 (plywood). Mark each
    treated item with Quality Mark Requirements of inspections agency
    approved by AITC's American Lumber Standards Committee's Board of
    Review.

    1.  For exposed items indicated to receive stained finish, use
        chemical formulations that do not bleed through, contain
        colorants, or otherwise adversely affect finishes.

B.  Pressure treat aboveground items with waterborne preservatives to
    minimum retention of 0.25 lb/cu. ft. After treatment, kiln-dry
    lumber and plywood to maximum moisture content of 19 and 15 percent,
    respectively. Treat indicated items and the following:

    1.  Wood cants, nailers, curbs, equipment support bases, blocking,
        stripping, and similar members in connection with roofing,
        flashing, vapor barriers, and waterproofing.

    2.  Wood sills, sleepers, blocking, furring, stripping, and similar
        concealed members in contact with masonry or concrete.

    3.  Wood framing members less than 18 inches above grade.

    4.  Wood floor plates installed over concrete slabs directly in
        contact with earth.

C.  Pressure treat wood members in contact with ground or freshwater
    with waterborne preservatives to minimum retention of 0.40 lb/cu.
    ft.

D.  Complete fabrication of treated items before treatment, where
    possible. If cut after treatment, apply field treatment complying
    with AWPA M4 to cut surfaces. Inspect each piece of lumber or
    plywood after drying and discard damaged or defective pieces.

    2.  FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED MATERIALS

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  General: Where fire-retardant-treated wood is indicated, comply with
    applicable requirements of AWPA C20 (lumber) and AWPA C27 (plywood).
    Identify fire-retardant-treated wood with appropriate classification
    marking of Underwriter Laboratory (UL), U.S. Testing, or Timber
    Products Inspection, Inc.

B.  Interior Type A: For interior locations, use chemical formulation
    that produces treated lumber and plywood with the following
    properties under conditions present after installation:

    1.  Bending strength, stiffness, and fastener-holding capacities are
        not reduced below values published by manufacturer of chemical
        formulation under elevated temperature and humidity conditions
        simulating installed conditions when tested.

    2.  No form of degradation occurs due to acid hydrolysis or other
        causes related to treatment.

    3.  Contact with treated wood does not promote corrosion of metal
        fasteners.

C.  Exterior Type: Use for exterior locations, and where indicated.

D.  Inspect each piece of treated lumber or plywood after drying, and
    discard damaged or defective pieces.

    2.  DIMENSION LUMBER

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  General: If not indicated on Contract documents, provide dimension
    lumber of any species and grades indicated for applicable use
    category listed in table below. Lumber shall comply with AITC's
    American Lumber Standards Committee's National Grading Rule (NGR)
    provisions of inspection agency applicable to species.

+------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------+
| PRODUCT                | GRADE           | USE                       |
|                        |                 |                           |
| (Nominal Dimension)    |                 |                           |
+------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------+
| Structural Light       | Select          | Structural applications   |
| Framing                | Structural      | where highest design      |
|                        |                 | values are needed in      |
| 2 to 4 inches thick    | No. 1           | light framing sizes.      |
|                        |                 |                           |
| 2 to 4 inches wide     | No. 2           |                           |
|                        |                 |                           |
|                        | No. 3           |                           |
+------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------+
| Light Framing          | Construction    | Where high-strength       |
|                        |                 | values are not required,  |
| 2 to 4 inches thick    | Standard        | such as wall framing,     |
|                        |                 | plates, sills, cripples,  |
| 2 to 4 inches wide     | Utility         | and blocking.             |
+------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------+
| Stud                   | Stud            | Optional all-purpose      |
|                        |                 | grade designed primarily  |
| 2 to 4 inches thick    |                 | for stud uses, including  |
|                        |                 | bearing walls.            |
| 2 inches and wider     |                 |                           |
+------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------+
| Structural Joists and  | Select          | Intended to fit           |
| Planks                 | Structural      | engineering applications  |
|                        |                 | for lumber nominal 5      |
| 2 to 4 inches thick    | No. 1           | inches and wider, such as |
|                        |                 | joists, rafters, headers, |
| 5 inches and wider     | No. 2           | beams, trusses, and       |
|                        |                 | general framing.          |
|                        | No. 3           |                           |
+------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------+

B.  Species and grades must meet or exceed the following values, unless
    indicated otherwise on Contract documents.

    1.  Fb (extreme fiber stress in bending): Minimum 850 psi.

    2.  E (modulus of elasticity): Minimum 1, 300,000 psi.

C.  Exposed Framing: Refers to dimension lumber which is not concealed
    by other work, and is indicated to receive stained, painted, and or
    natural finish.

D.  Provide material hand-selected from lumber of species and grade
    indicated for type of use, for uniformity of appearance, and freedom
    from characteristics that would impair finish appearance.

    2.  MISCELLANEOUS LUMBER

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  General: Provide lumber for support or attachment of other
    construction, including rooftop equipment curbs and support bases,
    cant strips, bucks, nailers, blocking, furring, grounds, stripping,
    and similar members.

B.  Fabricate miscellaneous lumber from dimension lumber of sizes
    indicated, and into shapes shown on Contract documents.

C.  Moisture Content: 19 percent maximum for lumber items not specified
    to receive wood preservative treatment.

D.  Grade and Species: For dimension lumber sizes, provide No. 3 or
    Standard grade lumber per AITC's American Lumber Standards
    Committee's NGRs of any species. For board-size lumber, provide No.
    3 Common or Standard grade per WWPA of any species.

    2.  WOOD-BASED STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS, GENERAL

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Structural-Use Panel Standards: Panel thickness, grade, veneer
    qualities and group number or span rating, shall be as shown on
    Drawings, and in accordance with recommendations of APA. Comply with
    PS 1 for plywood panels, and PS 2 for products not manufactured
    under PS 1 provisions.

    1.  Panels which have any edge or surface permanently exposed to
        weather shall be classed Exterior Grade.

    2.  Panel thickness, grade, and group number or span rating shall be
        at least equal to that shown on Drawings.

    3.  Application shall be in accordance with recommendations of APA.

B.  Trademark: Factory-mark each structural-use panel with APA trademark
    evidencing compliance with grade requirements.

    2.  CONCEALED, PERFORMANCE-RATED STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS

> A. General: Where structural-use panels are indicated for concealed
> types of applications, provide APA performance rated panels complying
> with requirements indicated for grade designation, span rating,
> exposure durability classification, and edge detail (where
> applicable).

1.  Provide panel clips for edge support as recommended by panel
    manufacturer, or where required by IBC.

2.  Provide panels of thickness meeting requirements specified, but not
    less than thickness indicated.

> B. Combination Subfloor-Underlayment: APA-rated Sturd-I-Floor.
>
> 1\. Exposure Durability Classification: Exposure 1.
>
> 2\. Span Rating: As required to suit joist spacing indicated.

3.  Edge Detail: Tongue and groove.

4.  Surface Finish: Fully sanded face.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
C.  Subflooring: APA-rated sheathing.

    1.  Exposure Durability Classification: Exposure 1.

    2.  Span Rating: As required to suit joist spacing indicated.

D.  Wall Sheathing: APA-rated sheathing.

    1.  Exposure Durability Classification: Exposure 1. Where sheathing
        is exposed on any side, it shall be exposure durability
        classification "Exterior."

    2.  Span Rating: As required to suit stud spacing indicated.

E.  Roof Sheathing: APA-rated sheathing.

    1.  Exposure Durability Classification: Exposure 1.

    2.  Span Rating: As required to suit joist or truss spacing
        indicated.

    ```{=html}
    <!-- -->
    ```
    2.  STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS FOR BACKING

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Plywood Backing Panels: For mounting electrical or telephone
    equipment, provide fire-retardant-treated plywood panels with grade
    C-D plugged Exposure 1, in thickness indicated on Contract documents
    or, if not otherwise indicated, not less than 15/32 inch thick.

    2.  STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS FOR UNERLAYMENT

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  General: Over smooth subfloors, provide underlayment not less than
    1/4 inch thick. Over board or uneven subfloors, provide underlayment
    not less than 11/32 inch thick.

B.  Plywood Underlayment for Resilient Flooring: For underlayment under
    19/32 inch thick, provide plywood panels with fully sanded face, APA
    Underlayment grade, Exposure 1.

C.  Structural-Use Panel Underlayment for Resilient Flooring: For
    underlayment 19/32 inch thick or more, provide fully sanded,
    veneer-faced, APA-rated, Sturd-I-Floor panels, Exposure 1.

D.  Plywood Underlayment for Ceramic Tile: Provide APA-rated,
    Underlayment grade, exterior plywood, 5/8 inch thick, for ceramic
    tile set in epoxy mortar.

E.  Plywood Underlayment for Carpet: For underlayment under 19/32 inch
    thick, provide plywood panels with fully sanded face, APA
    Underlayment grade, Exposure 1.

F.  Structural-Use Panel Underlayment for Carpet: For underlayment 19/32
    inch thick or more, provide APA-rated Sturd-I-Floor panels with
    touch-sanded face, Exposure 1.

2.10 PARTICLE BOARD

A.  General: Comply with and factory mark each panel according to ANSI
    A208.1. Provide thickness indicated on Contract documents.

B.  Particleboard Underlayment: Grade PBU.

C.  Particleboard Subflooring: Grade M-3-Exterior Glue.

D.  Particleboard Wall Sheathing: Grade M-1-Exterior Glue.

2.11 FASTENERS

A.  General: Provide fasteners of size and type indicated, that comply
    with requirements specified.

> 1\. Where rough carpentry work is exposed to weather, in ground
> contact, or in areas of high relative humidity, provide fasteners with
> hot-dip, zinc-coating per ASTM A153.

B.  Nails, Wire, Brads, and Staples: ASTM F1667

C.  Wood Screws: ASME B18.6.1.

D.  Lag Bolts: ASME B18.2.1.

E.  Bolts: Steel bolts complying with ASTM A307, Grade A with ASTM A563
    hex nuts and, where indicated, flat washers.

2.12 METAL FRAMING ANCHORS

A.  General: Provide galvanized steel framing anchors of structural
    capacity, type, and size indicated, with allowable design loads as
    published by manufacturer that meet or exceed those indicated.

B.  Galvanized Steel Sheet: Hot-dip, zinc-coated steel sheet complying
    with ASTM A653, G60 coating designation, structural, commercial, or
    lock-forming quality, as standard with manufacturer for type of
    anchor indicated.

PART 3 -- EXECUTION

1.  INSTALLATION, GENERAL

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Discard units of material with defects that impair quality of rough
    carpentry and that are too small to use with minimum number of
    joints or optimum joint arrangement.

B.  Set rough carpentry to required levels and lines, with members
    plumb, true to line, cut, and fitted.

C.  Fit rough carpentry to other construction; scribe and cope as
    required for accurate fit. Correlate location of furring, nailers,
    blocking, grounds, and similar supports to allow attachment of other
    construction.

D.  Apply field treatment complying with AWPA M4 to cut surfaces of
    preservative-treated lumber and plywood.

E.  Securely attach rough carpentry work to substrate by anchoring and
    fastening as indicated, complying with IBC Table 2304.9.1, Fastening
    Schedule.

    1.  WOOD GROUNDS, NAILERS, BLOCKING, AND SLEEPERS

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Install wood grounds, nailers, blocking, and sleepers where shown,
    and where required for screening or attaching other work. Form to
    shapes shown and cut as required for true line and level of attached
    work. Coordinate locations with other work involved.

B.  Attach to substrates to support applied loading. Recess bolts and
    nuts flush with surfaces, unless otherwise indicated. Build into
    masonry during installation of masonry work. Where possible, anchor
    to formwork before concrete placement.

C.  Install permanent grounds of dressed, preservative-treated,
    key-beveled lumber not less than 1-1/2 inches wide, and of thickness
    required to bring face of ground to exact thickness of finish
    material. Remove temporary grounds when no longer required.

    1.  WOOD FURRING

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Install plumb and level with closure strips at edges and openings.
    Shim with wood as required for tolerance of finish work.

B.  Firestop furred spaces of walls at each floor level, and at ceiling
    with wood blocking or noncombustible materials, accurately fitted to
    close furred spaces.

    1.  WOOD FRAMING, GENERAL

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Framing Standard: Comply with AFPA's "Manual for Wood Frame
    Construction," unless otherwise indicated.

B.  Install framing members of size and at spacing indicated.

C.  Do not splice structural members between supports.

D.  Firestop concealed spaces of wood-framed walls and partitions at
    each floor level and at ceiling line of top story. Where
    firestopping is not inherent in framing system used, provide closely
    fitted wood blocks of 2-inch nominal thickness lumber of same width
    as framing members.

E.  Arrange studs so that wide face of stud is perpendicular to
    direction of wall or partition and narrow face is parallel.

    1.  Provide single bottom plate and double top plates using members
        of 2-inch nominal thickness whose widths equal that of studs;
        except single top plate may be used for non-load-bearing
        partitions. Nail or anchor plates to supporting construction,
        unless otherwise indicated.

    2.  For exterior walls, provide 2 by 6-inch nominal size wood studs
        spaced 24 inches o.c., except where otherwise indicated or
        required.

    3.  For interior partitions and walls, provide 2 by 4-inch nominal
        size wood studs spaced 16 inches (406 mm) o.c., except where
        otherwise indicated or required.

F.  Construct corners and intersections with three (3) or more studs.
    Provide miscellaneous blocking and framing as shown, and as required
    to support facing materials, fixtures, specialty items, and trim.

> 1\. Provide continuous horizontal blocking at mid-height of
> single-story partitions over 96 inches high and multistory partitions,
> using members of 2-inch nominal thickness and of same width as wall or
> partitions.

G.  Frame openings with multiple studs and headers. Provide nailed
    header members of thickness equal to width of studs. Set headers on
    edge and support on jamb studs.

    1.  For non-load-bearing partitions, provide double-jamb studs with
        headers not less than 4-inch nominal depth for openings 36
        inches (914 mm) and less in width, and not less than 6-inch
        nominal depth for wider openings.

    2.  For load-bearing walls, provide double-jamb studs for openings
        72 inches and less in width, and triple-jamb studs for wider
        openings. Provide headers of depth shown as indicated on
        Contract documents.

H.  Provide bracing in exterior walls and at interior load-bearing walls
    (that are no more than 25 feet from other parallel braced walls) at
    each end and at not more than 25 feet apart, to comply with IBC,
    Section 2308.9.3, "Bracing" and IBC Table 2308.9.3 (I).

    1.  FLOOR JOIST FRAMING

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  General: Install floor joists with crown edge up and support ends of
    each member with not less than 1-1/2 inches of bearing on wood or
    metal, or 3 inches on masonry. Attach floor joists as follows:

    1.  Where supported on wood members, by toe nailing or by using
        metal framing anchors.

    2.  Where framed into wood supporting members, by using wood ledgers
        as shown or, if not shown, by using metal joist hangers.

B.  Frame openings with headers and trimmers supported by metal joist
    hangers; double headers and trimmers where span of header exceeds 48
    inches.

C.  Do not notch in middle third of joists; limit notches to 1/6 depth
    of joist, 1/3 at ends. Do not bore holes larger than 1/3 depth of
    joist; do not locate closer than 2 inches from top or bottom.

D.  Provide solid blocking of 2-inch nominal thickness by depth of joist
    at ends of joists unless nailed to header or band.

E.  Lap members framing from opposite sides of beams, girders, or
    partitions not less than 4 inches or securely tie opposing members
    together. Provide solid blocking of 2-inch nominal thickness by
    depth of joist over supports.

F.  Under jamb studs at openings, provide solid blocking between joists.

G.  Under non-load-bearing partitions, provide double joists separated
    by solid blocking equal to depth of studs above.

> 1\. Provide triple joists separated as above, under partitions
> receiving ceramic tile and similar heavy finishes or fixtures.

H.  Provide bridging of type indicated below, at intervals of 96 inches
    o.c, between joists.

    1.  Form diagonal wood bridging from bevel cut 1 by 3-inch nominal
        size lumber, double-crossed and nailed both ends to joists.

    2.  Install steel bridging to comply with manufacturer's written
        instructions.

    ```{=html}
    <!-- -->
    ```
    1.  RAFTER AND CEILING JOIST FRAMING

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Ceiling Joists: Install ceiling joists with crown edge up and
    complying with requirements specified above for floor joists. Face
    nail to ends of parallel rafters.

B.  Rafters: Notch to fit exterior wall plates and toe nail or use metal
    framing anchors. Double rafters to form headers and trimmers at
    openings in roof framing, if any, and support with metal hangers.
    Where rafters abut a ridge, place directly opposite each other and
    nail to ridge hangers.

C.  Provide collar beams (ties) as shown or, it not shown, provide 1 by
    6-inch nominal size boards between every third pair of rafters, but
    not more than 48 inches o.c. Locate below ridge member, at third
    point of rafter span. Cut ends to fit roof slope and nail to
    rafters.

D.  Rafter Ties: Tie straps shall be provided from each roof framing
    member to exterior studs, posts or other supporting members below
    the roof. Opposing rafters at ridges shall be aligned and connected
    with straps.

    1.  STAIR FRAMING

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Provide stair framing members of size, space, and configuration
    indicated or, if not otherwise indicated, to comply with the
    following requirements:

    1.  Stringer Size: 2 by 12-inch nominal size minimum.

    2.  Notching: Notch stringers to receive treads, risers, and
        supports; leave at least 3-1/2 inches of effective depth.

    3.  Stringer Spacing: At least three (3) stringers for each 36-inch
        clear width of stair.

B.  Provide stair framing that does not exceed the following variations
    between treads and risers within each flight:

    1.  Adjacent Treads and Risers: 3/16 inch.

    2.  Between Largest and Smallest Treads and Risers: 3/8 inch.

        1.  INSTALLATION OF STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  General: Comply with applicable recommendations contained in APA
    Form No. E30, for types of structural-use panels and applications
    indicated.

B.  Fastening Methods: Fasten panels as indicated below:

    1.  Combination Subflooring-Underlayment: Glue subflooring and
        underlayment to floor joists, and screw to joists. Space panels
        1/8 inch at edges and ends.

    2.  Subflooring: Glue subflooring to floor joists, and screw to
        joists. Space panels 1/8 inch at edge and ends.

    3.  Sheathing: Nail to framing. Space panels 1/8 inch at edges and
        ends.

    4.  Underlayment: Nail to subflooring. Space panels 1/32 inch at
        edges and ends.

    5.  Plywood Backing Panels: Nail or screw to supports.

    ```{=html}
    <!-- -->
    ```
    1.  PARTICLEBOARD UNDERLAYMENT

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
A.  Install to comply with the recommendations of the National
    Particleboard Association (NPA) for type of subfloor indicated.

B.  Fill and sand gouges, gaps, and chipped edges. Sand uneven joints
    flush.

C.  Glue and nail underlayment to subflooring throughout.

END OF SECTION

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

Do not delete the following reference information:

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

FOR LANL USE ONLY

This project specification is based on LANL Master Specification 06
1000, Rev. 1, dated May 1, 2008.