Archived Information

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  [Planning and Evaluation Service]{.smallcaps}

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**[State ESEA Title I Participation Information for
1996-97]{.smallcaps}**

**[Summary Report]{.smallcaps}**

[2000]{.smallcaps}

![](media/image2.wmf){width="1.5152777777777777in"
height="1.632638888888889in"}

+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **[U.S. Department of             | [Office of the Under             |
| Education]{.smallcaps}**          | Secretary]{.smallcaps}           |
|                                   |                                  |
|                                   | [Office of Elementary and        |
|                                   | Secondary Education]{.smallcaps} |
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| [Doc #2000-01]{.smallcaps}        |                                  |
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------+

**This is some test text**

**[State ESEA Title I Participation]{.smallcaps}**

**[Information for 1996-97]{.smallcaps}**

**[Summary Report]{.smallcaps}**

###### Beth Sinclair

**Westat, Rockville, Md**

**Prepared for:**

**Office of the Under Secretary**

######## Office of Elementary and Secondary Education

**U.S. Department of Education**

**Contract No. EA94052001**

**2000**

This report was prepared for the U.S. Department of Education under
Contract No. EA94052001. The views expressed herein are those of the
contractor. No official endorsement by the U.S. Department of Education
is intended or should be inferred.

**U.S. Department of Education**

Richard W. Riley

*Secretary*

**Office of the Under Secretary**

Marshall S. Smith

*Under Secretary*

**Planning and Evaluation Service**

Alan L. Ginsburg

*Director*

**Office of Elementary and Secondary Education**

Michael Cohen

*Assistant Secretary*

**Compensatory Education Programs**

Mary Jean LeTendre

*Director*

**January 2000**

This report is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in
whole or in part is granted. While permission to reprint this
publication is not necessary, the citation should be: U.S. Department of
Education, Office of the Under Secretary, Planning and Evaluation
Service, *State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 1996-97*,
Washington, D.C., 2000.

This report is also available on the Department's web site at:
www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/eval/elem.html.

On request, this publication is available in alternative formats, such
as Braille, large print, audiotape, or computer diskette. For more
information, please contact the department's Alternate Format Center\
(202) 260-9895 or (202) 205-8113.

######## Highlights of Data Submitted on the ESEA Title I

######## 1996-97 State Performance Reports

####### Background and Introduction

The *State ESEA Title I Participation Summary Report for 1996-97*
summarizes data regarding students and schools served, and staffing
patterns as reported in Title I performance reports submitted by states.
The report addresses both the Title I Grants to Local Education Agencies
Program (Part A) and the Title I State Agency Program for Neglected or
Delinquent (N/D) Children and Youth (Part D). The 1996-97 achievement
results are reported separately in *State Education Indicators with A
Focus on Title I, 1998.*[^1]

Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) represents
the single largest investment in elementary and secondary education by
the federal government. This federal aid program was funded in 1996-97
at more than \$7.2 billion and the vast majority of these funds (93
percent) were distributed to school districts under the Title I Grants
to Local Education Agencies (LEAs) program. More than 90 percent of
districts nationwide receive Title I funding. What is now Title I
evolved from landmark legislation, the Elementary and Secondary
Education Act of 1965, which was the first major piece of legislation
enacted as part of President Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty. Title I of
ESEA was the beginning of federal aid to the nation's elementary and
secondary schools. Research has shown a high correlation between high
poverty and low achievement. The intent of Title I was to provide
financial assistance to LEAs serving areas with concentrations of
children from low-income families so that the schools could expand and
improve their educational programs.[^2]

![](media/image3.wmf)

When shown in constant dollars, funding for the Title I Grants to LEAs
program has increased since the early 1980s. However, the funding levels
reached a peak in 1992 and have leveled off since then. (Figure 1)

The reauthorization of Title I of ESEA in 1994 brought about significant
changes in some of the key elements of this program. Specifically, under
the reauthorized Title I, services are to be linked to the same rigorous
standards that are expected of all children and aligned assessments are
to be used to measure students' progress toward these standards. The
statute also encourages high-poverty schools to develop schoolwide
approaches to improving student performance. Evidence of these changes
is seen in the State Performance Report data, particularly in the
increase in the number of schoolwide projects.

This report also presents information on the Title I State Agency
Program for Neglected or Delinquent Children and Youth, a program
originally enacted in 1967 as part of ESEA. The purpose of this program
is to provide financial assistance for compensatory education to state
agencies directly responsible for providing free public education to
children in institutions for neglected or delinquent children and
juveniles in adult correctional institutions.

The following sections present data from the 1996-97 Title I State
Performance Reports and state-by-state summary tables. Reported data
were submitted by the states in 1998, and reviewed, edited, and verified
to ensure completeness and accuracy. Despite this, for some items,
states were not able to provide complete information and those instances
are cited in the summary tables. The U.S. Department of Education is
developing procedures to improve the quality of data submitted by states
for Title I and other programs.

**[Title I School and Local Educational Agency
Information]{.smallcaps}**

####### Targeted Assistance (TAS) and Schoolwide (SWP) Schools

![](media/image4.wmf)The Title I Grants to LEAs program supports
services to students in schools under two basic program models. The
first, targeted assistance, provides specific students with
instructional or support services. Under the schoolwide approach, Title
I funds are used to provide services to students throughout the school.
In order to qualify as a schoolwide, schools must have at least 50
percent of the students in the school eligible for free- or
reduced-price lunch under the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Child
Nutrition Programs.

In 1996-97, states reported that more than 45,000 schools participated
in the Title I program. Of those, almost 15,000, or one-third, operated
schoolwide programs. This number has increased significantly because the
eligibility criteria for schoolwide programs was reduced from 75 percent
to 50 percent free- or reduced-price lunch. The 1996-97 school year was
the first year that schools used the new 50 percent criteria for
schoolwide programs. As a result of the increase, the overall number of
students served by Title I also increased significantly.[^3] (Figures 2
and 3 and Table 1, page 7)

####### School Improvement

####### Schools Identified for Improvement

States reported that of the 45,000 schools that participated in the
Title I program in 1996-97, 7,616 schoolwide and targeted assistance
schools (or 16 percent) were identified for improvement. When viewed
separately, 20 percent of schoolwide schools and 14 percent of targeted
assistance schools were identified for improvement. (Tables 2 and 3,
pages 8 and 9)

####### School Districts Identified for Improvement

In 1996-97, states reported that 13,377 school districts participated in
the Title I Grants to LEAs program. Among these districts, 1,470 were
identified for improvement based on state-level criteria. This figure
represents 11 percent of all Title I school districts. This figure
should be interpreted with caution, however, because 10 states did not
submit information regarding the number of Title I school districts
identified for improvement. (Table 2, page 8)

####### Title I Participation

####### ![](media/image5.wmf)Overall Participation Patterns

After earlier declines in the number of students participating in Title
I (1980-1983), participation has steadily increased. This increase was
particularly dramatic recently, due to increases in the number of
schoolwide programs. The overall number of Title I participants
increased to 11,294,446 in 1996-97. This represents a 70 percent
increase over the 1994-95 participation level of 6,671,821 students.
(Figure 3 and Tables 4 and 5, pages 10 and 11)

####### ![](media/image6.wmf)Grade Level Participation

Despite the significant increase in the number of participants in the
Title I Grants to LEAs program, the participation by grade level
remained virtually unchanged from past years. Both public and nonpublic
student participation was concentrated in the elementary grades, and
local neglected or delinquent participation was primarily in the
secondary grades.[^4] The largest concentration of pre-kindergarten and
kindergarten students was in public schoolwide schools. (Figure 4 and
Table 6, page 12)

####### Racial/Ethnic Classification

####### 

![](media/image7.wmf)In 1996-97, 36 percent of Title I participants were
non-Hispanic whites and 28 percent were black. Since 1979-80, the
percentage of Hispanic Title I participants increased from 15 to 30
percent while the percentage of non-Hispanic white participants
decreased from 51 to 36 percent. The percentage of participants from
other racial and ethnic groups including Native American and Asian
remained virtually unchanged during this period. (Figures 5 and 6,
Tables 7 and 8, pages 13 and 14)

####### Special Populations Served by Title I

Title I serves a significant proportion of students with special needs.
In 1996-97, **students with disabilities** represented 9 percent of the
Title I participants, an increase from 5 percent in 1994-95. Seventeen
percent of Title I participants were classified as **students with
limited English proficiency**, similar to the overall percentage
reported in 1994-95. Two percent of Title I students were identified as
having been **homeless** at some time and 3 percent of Title I
participants were children of **migratory** workers.

Refer to Tables 9-12, pages 15-18, for state-by-state participation
information for these special populations.

**[Services Supported by Title I]{.smallcaps}**

**Instructional Services**

Virtually all students (98 percent) in TAS schools received
reading/language arts services and almost half (47 percent) of the
students received instruction in mathematics. Two percent of students in
TAS schools received services in science and as did 2 percent in social
studies. (Table 13, page 19)

**Other Support Services**

As in past years, far fewer students received Title I-supported support
services than did instructional services. In 1996-97, 16 percent of
students received Title I-supported guidance/counseling/social work, 11
percent received health/dental services, and 7 percent received other
support services. (Table 13, page 19)

**Family Literacy Services**

Overall, in 1996-97, 50 states and the District of Columbia reported
that 1,215 local districts provided Title I-supported family literacy
services. However, several states were unable to provide this
information and some chose to use the number of Even Start programs as a
proxy. (Table 14, page 20)

**Extended Time Instructional Programs**

In 1996-97, 45 states and the District of Columbia reported that there
were 13,688 Title I extended time instructional programs in operation.
These programs are typically before- and after-school, as well as summer
school programs. (Table 15, page 21)

####### Title I Staffing Patterns

As part of the revised data collection instrument, states were asked to
provide full-time equivalent (FTE) staffing information for targeted
assistance schools only. The reasoning behind this change was that in
some schoolwide schools, the school would not be able to identify the
staff members funded with Title I funds. However, approximately half of
the states provided staff information for both targeted assistance and
schoolwide schools combined. A column in Table 16 details the
information submitted by each state.

Almost one-half (46 percent) of the staff funded by Title I in 1996-97
were teachers. Teachers and teacher aides constituted 85 percent of the
total staff funded by Title I dollars. The distribution of teachers and
teacher aides has remained fairly constant since 1981-82. (Figures 7 and
8, Tables 16 and 17, pages 22 and 23)

![](media/image9.wmf)

**[Information on the Title I State Agency Program for]{.smallcaps}**

**[Neglected or Delinquent Children and Youth]{.smallcaps}**

![](media/image11.wmf)

[Participation by Type of Institution]{.smallcaps}

Data providers were asked to determine the number of State Neglected (N)
or Delinquent (D) participants receiving Title I services through each
of three types of institutions[^5]: Neglected, Delinquent, and Adult
Correctional. In 1996-97, 42 percent of State Agency N or D participants
were classified as neglected, 47 percent were classified as delinquent
and 11 percent were classified as adult correctional. (Figure 9 and
Table 18, page 24)

[Institution-Wide Programs]{.smallcaps}

The reauthorization of 1994 ESEA expanded schoolwide eligibility to
institutions and, as a result, many institutions are using Title I State
N or D funds to provide services institution-wide to students in
state-supported, state-operated institutions, or community day programs.
Only institutions serving neglected or delinquent participants are
eligible, adult correctional institutions may not use the
institution-wide option.

In 1996-97, 49 states and the District of Columbia reported on their use
of institution-wide programs. Among these states, 285 (or 25 percent) of
the neglected and delinquent institutions provided services to students
using the institution-wide option. (Table 19, page 25)

[Use of Title I State Administration Funds]{.smallcaps}

Starting with the 1996-97 school year, states were asked to report on
their use of Title I state administrative funds. The states were asked
to break out their administrative funds into three activities:

-   basic program operation and compliance monitoring,

-   statewide program services such as development of standards and
    assessments, curriculum development, and program evaluation, and

-   technical assistance and other direct support to local educational
    agencies and schools.

Twenty-four states and the District of Columbia consolidate their
administration funds and therefore are not able to provide this
information. Among the remaining 26 states, 53 percent of the state
administration funds were used for basic program operation. One state
did not provide information for this data item. (Table 20, page 26)

Table 1

Number of Targeted Assistance (TAS) and Schoolwide (SWP) Schools, by
State, 1996-97

+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| **State**         | **Total    | **Total    | **Total    | #####   |
|                   | Number of  | TAS        | SWP**      | Percent |
|                   | Title I    | Schools**  |            |         |
|                   | Schools**  |            | ###        | ##      |
|                   |            |            | ## Schools | ### SWP |
|                   |            |            |            |         |
|                   |            |            |            | **Sc    |
|                   |            |            |            | hools** |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Alabama           | 789        | 345        | 444        | 56      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Alaska            | 205        | 144        | 61         | 30      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Arizona           | 778        | 422        | 356        | 46      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Arkansas          | 799        | 543        | 256        | 32      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| California        | 4,166      | 2,544      | 1,622      | 39      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Colorado          | 549        | 483        | 66         | 12      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Connecticut       | 398        | 341        | 57         | 14      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Delaware          | 112        | 109        | 3          | 3       |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| District of       | 97         | 13         | 84         | 87      |
| Columbia          |            |            |            |         |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Florida           | 916        | 154        | 762        | 83      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Georgia           | 987        | 660        | 327        | 33      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Hawaii            | 117        | 53         | 64         | 55      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Idaho\*\*         | 372\*\*    | 308\*\*    | 64\*\*     | 17      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Illinois          | 2,305      | 1,788      | 517        | 22      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Indiana           | 844        | 763        | 81         | 10      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Iowa              | 799        | 744        | 55         | 7       |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Kansas            | 672        | 534        | 138        | 21      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Kentucky          | 886        | 365        | 521        | 59      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Louisiana         | 841        | 290        | 551        | 66      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Maine             | 416        | 378        | 38         | 9       |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Maryland          | 269        | 126        | 143        | 53      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Massachusetts     | 841        | 604        | 237        | 28      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Michigan          | 1,964      | 1,500      | 464        | 24      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Minnesota         | 887        | 784        | 103        | 12      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Mississippi       | 670        | 224        | 446        | 67      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Missouri\*\*      | 1,255      | 551        | \--        | \--     |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Montana           | 618        | 535        | 83         | 13      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Nebraska          | 480        | 435        | 45         | 9       |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Nevada            | 91         | 63         | 28         | 31      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| New Hampshire     | 233        | 223        | 10         | 4       |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| New Jersey        | 1,173      | 1,097      | 76         | 6       |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| New Mexico        | 487        | 378        | 109        | 22      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| New York          | 2,593      | 2,113      | 480        | 19      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| North Carolina    | 974        | 486        | 488        | 50      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| North Dakota      | 281        | 265        | 16         | 6       |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Ohio              | 1,789      | 1,446      | 343        | 19      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Oklahoma          | 1,079      | 581        | 498        | 46      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Oregon            | 647        | 532        | 115        | 18      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Pennsylvania      | 1,735      | 1,396      | 339        | 20      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Rhode Island      | 138        | 112        | 26         | 19      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| South Carolina    | 477        | 139        | 338        | 71      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| South Dakota      | 380        | 322        | 58         | 15      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Tennessee         | 738        | 407        | 331        | 45      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Texas             | 3,923      | 1,071      | 2,852      | 73      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Utah              | 255        | 184        | 71         | 28      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Vermont           | 230        | 219        | 11         | 5       |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Virginia          | 699        | 601        | 98         | 14      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Washington        | 905        | 721        | 184        | 20      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| West Virginia     | 471        | 287        | 184        | 39      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Wisconsin         | 1,666      | 1,492      | 174        | 10      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Wyoming           | 127        | 95         | 32         | 25      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Bureau of Indian  | 173        | 3          | 170        | 98      |
| Affairs           |            |            |            |         |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| Puerto Rico       | 1,358      | 1,086      | 272        | 20      |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+
| **Total**         | **45,399** | **30,508** | **14,891** | **33**  |
+-------------------+------------+------------+------------+---------+

\*\* The 1997-98 figure is used here as a proxy for 1996-97.

**Note: Missouri** was unable to provide information on the number of
schools broken out by TAS and SWP. As a result, no percent SWP
calculation is shown for **Missouri** and the overall percent SWP figure
shown in this table is deflated.

**Table 2**

######### Participating Title I Local Education Agencies (LEAs) and School Improvement, 

######### by State, 1996-97

+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| #              |   | **     |        |      | **Sch  |        |      |
|                |   | LEAs** |        |      | ools** |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| #              | * |        | **     | **%  | *      | **     | **%  |
|                | * |        | Number | in   | *Total | Number | in   |
| # State        | T |        | in     | Im   | Number | in     | Im   |
|                | o |        | Im     | prov | (TAS+  | Im     | prov |
|                | t |        | prove- | e-me | SWP)** | prove- | e-me |
|                | a |        | ment** | nt** |        | ment** | nt** |
|                | l |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | N |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | u |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | m |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | b |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | e |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | r |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | * |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | * |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Alabama        | 1 |        | 23     | 18   | 789    | 248    | 31   |
|                | 2 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 6 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Alaska         | 4 |        | 0      | 0    | 205    | 24     | 12   |
|                | 8 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Arizona        | 3 |        | 28     | 9    | 778    | 42     | 5    |
|                | 2 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 1 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Arkansas       | 3 |        | 44     | 14   | 799    | 101    | 13   |
|                | 1 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 2 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| California     | 8 |        |        |      | 4,166  | 330    | 8    |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 6 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Colorado\*\*   | 1 |        | 1      | 1    | 549    | 15\*\* | 3    |
|                | 6 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Connecticut    | 1 |        | 10     | 9    | 398    | 95     | 24   |
|                | 1 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Delaware       | 2 |        | 0      | 0    | 112    | 29     | 26   |
|                | 1 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| District of    | 1 |        | 1      | 100  | 97     | 82     | 85   |
| Columbia       |   |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Florida        | 6 |        | 0      | 0    | 916    | 29     | 3    |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Georgia        | 1 |        | 0      | 0    | 987    | 236    | 24   |
|                | 8 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Hawaii         | 1 |        |        |      | 117    | 37     | 32   |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Idaho\*\*      | 1 |        | 20\*\* | 18   | 372    | 45\*\* | 12   |
|                | 1 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Illinois       | 8 |        | 14     | 2    | 2,305  | 93     | 4    |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 6 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Indiana        | 2 |        |        |      | 844    | 242    | 29   |
|                | 8 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 5 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Iowa           | 3 |        | 28     | 7    | 799    | 28     | 4    |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 9 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Kansas         | 3 |        | 65     | 22   | 672    | 147    | 22   |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 2 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Kentucky       | 1 |        | 77     | 44   | 886    | 356    | 40   |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 5 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Louisiana      | 6 |        | 1      | 2    | 841    | 30     | 4    |
|                | 6 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Maine          | 1 |        | 58     | 31   | 416    | 127    | 31   |
|                | 8 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 8 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Maryland       | 2 |        | 0      | 0    | 269    | 59     | 22   |
|                | 4 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Massachusetts  | 2 |        | 23     | 9    | 841    | 97     | 12   |
|                | 4 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Michigan       | 6 |        | 10     | 2    | 1,964  | 641    | 33   |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 3 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Minnesota      | 3 |        | 36     | 10   | 887    | 98     | 11   |
|                | 5 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Mississippi    | 1 |        | 37     | 24   | 670    | 129    | 19   |
|                | 5 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 3 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Missouri\*\*   | 5 |        | 477    | 92   | 1,255  | 551    | 44   |
|                | 2 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Montana        | 3 |        | 35     | 11   | 618    | 53     | 9    |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 9 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Nebraska       | 3 |        | 60     | 19   | 480    | 102    | 21   |
|                | 2 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Nevada         | 1 |        | 14     | 82   | 91     | 64     | 70   |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| New Hampshire  | 1 |        | 0      | 0    | 233    | 1      | 0    |
|                | 3 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| New Jersey     | 4 |        | 40     | 9    | 1,173  | 185    | 16   |
|                | 6 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| New Mexico     | 8 |        | 71     | 81   | 487    | 394    | 81   |
|                | 8 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| New York       | 6 |        | 61     | 9    | 2,593  | 410    | 16   |
|                | 4 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 5 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| North          | 1 |        | 0      | 0    | 974    | 74\*\* | 8    |
| Carolina\*\*   | 1 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| North Dakota   | 2 |        |        |      | 281    | 16     | 6    |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Ohio           | 5 |        |        |      | 1,789  | 680    | 38   |
|                | 9 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 5 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Oklahoma       | 5 |        | 38     | 7    | 1,079  | 37     | 3    |
|                | 4 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 2 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Oregon         | 1 |        | 2      | 1    | 647    | 29     | 4    |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 9 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Pennsylvania   | 4 |        | 31     | 6    | 1,735  | 215    | 12   |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 9 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Rhode Island   | 3 |        |        |      | 138    | 23     | 17   |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| South Carolina | 9 |        |        |      | 477    | 88     | 18   |
|                | 1 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| South Dakota   | 3 |        | 10     | 3    | 380    | 10     | 3    |
|                | 8 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 9 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Tennessee      | 1 |        | 7      | 5    | 738    | 118    | 16   |
|                | 3 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 9 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Texas          | 1 |        | 4      | 0    | 3,923  | 40     | 1    |
|                | , |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 1 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Utah           | 4 |        | 0      | 0    | 255    | 7      | 3    |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Vermont        | 6 |        |        |      | 230    | 14     | 6    |
|                | 0 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Virginia       | 1 |        | 46     | 35   | 699    | 152    | 22   |
|                | 3 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 3 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Washington\*\* | 2 |        | 93\*\* | 33   | 905    | 1      | 19   |
|                | 8 |        |        |      |        | 76\*\* |      |
|                | 6 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| West Virginia  | 5 |        | 0      | 0    | 471    | 60     | 13   |
|                | 5 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Wisconsin      | 3 |        | 0      | 0    | 1,666  | 139    | 8    |
|                | 8 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 8 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Wyoming        | 4 |        | 5      | 12   | 127    | 23     | 18   |
|                | 2 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Bureau of      | 1 |        |        |      | 173    | 160    | 92   |
| Indian Affairs | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 3 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Puerto Rico    | 1 |        |        |      | 1,358  | 435    | 32   |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| **Total**      | * |        | **1    | **   | **46   | **7    | **   |
|                | * |        | ,470** | 11** | ,654** | ,616** | 16** |
|                | 1 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 3 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | , |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 3 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | 7 |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | * |        |        |      |        |        |      |
|                | * |        |        |      |        |        |      |
+----------------+---+--------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+

\*\* The 1997-98 figure is used here as a proxy for 1996-97.

\+ The figure shown here is an estimate.

**Note**: The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states.
**Ten states** did not submit information regarding the number of LEAs
identified for improvement.

Table 3

Targeted Assistance and Schoolwide Schools in School Improvement, by
State, 1996-97

+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| #### State    | **    |          |      | **    |          |      |
|               | TAS** |          |      | SWP** |          |      |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
|               | **N   | **Number | *    | **N   | **Number | *    |
|               | umber | in       | *%** | umber | in       | *%** |
|               | of    | Impro    |      | of    | Impro    |      |
|               | Scho  | vement** |      | Scho  | vement** |      |
|               | ols** |          |      | ols** |          |      |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Alabama       | 345   | 23       | 7    | 444   | 225      | 51   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Alaska        | 144   | 15       | 10   | 61    | 9        | 15   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Arizona       | 422   | 21       | 5    | 356   | 21       | 6    |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Arkansas      | 543   | 67       | 12   | 256   | 34       | 13   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| California    | 2,544 | 139      | 5    | 1,622 | 191      | 12   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Colorado\*\*  | 483   | 12\*\*   | 2    | 66    | 3\*\*    | 5    |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Connecticut   | 341   | 58       | 17   | 57    | 37       | 65   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Delaware      | 109   | 27       | 25   | 3     | 2        | 67   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| District of   | 13    |          |      | 84    | 82       | 98   |
| Columbia      |       |          |      |       |          |      |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Florida       | 154   | 0        | 0    | 762   | 29       | 4    |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Georgia       | 660   | 138      | 21   | 327   | 98       | 30   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Hawaii        | 53    | 11       | 21   | 64    | 26       | 41   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Idaho\*\*     | 30    | 45\*\*   | 15   | 6     | 0        | 0    |
|               | 8\*\* |          |      | 4\*\* |          |      |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Illinois      | 1,788 | 23       | 1    | 517   | 70       | 14   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Indiana       | 763   | 211      | 28   | 81    | 31       | 38   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Iowa          | 744   | 8        | 1    | 55    | 20       | 36   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Kansas        | 534   | 110      | 21   | 138   | 37       | 27   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Kentucky      | 365   | 166      | 45   | 521   | 190      | 36   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Louisiana     | 290   | 10       | 3    | 551   | 20       | 4    |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Maine         | 378   | 109      | 29   | 38    | 18       | 47   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Maryland      | 126   | 15       | 12   | 143   | 44       | 31   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Massachusetts | 604   | 46       | 8    | 237   | 51       | 22   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Michigan\*\*  | 1,500 | 630\*\*  | 42   | 464   | 11       | 2    |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Minnesota     | 784   | 69       | 9    | 103   | 29       | 28   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Mississippi   | 224   | 18       | 8    | 446   | 111      | 25   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Missouri\*\*  | 1,255 | 551      | 4    | \--   | \--      | \--  |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Montana       | 535   | 22       | 4    | 83    | 31       | 37   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Nebraska      | 435   | 97       | 22   | 45    | 5        | 11   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Nevada        | 63    | 47       | 75   | 28    | 17       | 61   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| New Hampshire | 223   | 1        | 0    | 10    | 0        | 0    |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| New Jersey    | 1,097 | 125      | 11   | 76    | 60       | 79   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| New Mexico    | 378   | 313      | 83   | 109   | 81       | 74   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| New York      | 2,113 | 226      | 11   | 480   | 184      | 38   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| North         | 486   | 20       | 4    | 488   | 54       | 11   |
| Carolina      |       |          |      |       |          |      |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| North         | 265   | 9\*\*    | 3    | 16    | 7\*\*    | 44   |
| Dakota\*\*    |       |          |      |       |          |      |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Ohio          | 1,446 | 443      | 31   | 343   | 237      | 69   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Oklahoma      | 581   | 6        | 1    | 498   | 31       | 6    |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Oregon        | 532   | 22       | 4    | 115   | 7        | 6    |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Pennsylvania  | 1,396 | 43       | 3    | 339   | 172      | 51   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Rhode Island  | 112   | 23       | 21   | 26    |          |      |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| South         | 139   | 9        | 6    | 338   | 79       | 23   |
| Carolina      |       |          |      |       |          |      |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| South Dakota  | 322   | 10       | 3    | 58    |          |      |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Tennessee     | 407   | 29       | 7    | 331   | 89       | 27   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Texas         | 1,071 | 6        | 1    | 2,852 | 34       | 1    |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Utah          | 184   | 5        | 3    | 71    | 2        | 3    |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Vermont       | 219   | 14       | 6    | 11    | 0        | 0    |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Virginia      | 601   | 96       | 16   | 98    | 56       | 57   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| W             | 721   | 120\*\*  | 17   | 184   | 56\*\*   | 30   |
| ashington\*\* |       |          |      |       |          |      |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| West Virginia | 287   | 31       | 11   | 184   | 29       | 16   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Wisconsin     | 1,492 | 20       | 1    | 174   | 119      | 68   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Wyoming       | 95    | 15       | 16   | 32    | 8        | 25   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Bureau of     | 3     | 3        | 100  | 170   | 157      | 92   |
| Indian        |       |          |      |       |          |      |
| Affairs       |       |          |      |       |          |      |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| Puerto Rico   | 1,086 | 315      | 29   | 272   | 120      | 44   |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+
| **Total**     | **31, | *        | **   | **14, | *        | **   |
|               | 763** | *4,592** | 14** | 891** | *3,024** | 20** |
+---------------+-------+----------+------+-------+----------+------+

\*\* The 1997-98 figure is used here as a proxy for 1996-97.

**Note**: The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states. The
**District of Columbia** was unable to provide the number of targeted
assistance schools identified for improvement and **South Dakota** was
unable to provide the number of schoolwide schools identified for
improvement. Two states (**Missouri** and **Rhode Island)** were unable
to provide information on the number of schools broken out by TAS and
SWP. All schools in these states are shown under TAS and, as a result,
the overall percent TAS in improvement figure shown in this table is
inflated.

######## 

######## Table 4

**Number and Percent of Title I Public, Private, and Local Neglected or
Delinquent (N or D) Participants, by State, 1996-97**

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 19%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h4 id="state-2">State</h4></td>
<td><h1 id="public">Public</h1>
<h1 id="tas">TAS</h1></td>
<td><strong>%</strong></td>
<td><h1 id="public-1">Public</h1>
<h1 id="swp-1">SWP</h1></td>
<td><strong>%</strong></td>
<td><h1 id="section-4"></h1>
<h1 id="private">Private</h1></td>
<td><strong>%</strong></td>
<td><h1 id="local">Local</h1>
<h1 id="n-or-d">N or D</h1></td>
<td><strong>%</strong></td>
<td><h1 id="section-5"></h1>
<h1 id="total">Total</h1></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Alabama</td>
<td>45,007</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>191,652</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>505</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1,185</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>238,349</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Alaska</td>
<td>6,109</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>11,504</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>268</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>17,888</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Arizona</td>
<td>41,857</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>165,812</td>
<td>79</td>
<td>1,978</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,431</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>211,078</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Arkansas</td>
<td>54,149</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>82,976</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>624</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>288</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>138,037</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>California</td>
<td>895,873</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>1,144,621</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>20,771</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2,061,265</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Colorado</td>
<td>33,960</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>29,871</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>368</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>840</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>65,039</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Connecticut</td>
<td>27,983</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>30,086</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>1,191</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1,456</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>60,716</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Delaware</td>
<td>8,630</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>1,723</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>752</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>11,105</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>District of Columbia</td>
<td>7,863</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>37,600</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>1,745</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>85</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>47,293</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Florida</td>
<td>22,331</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>539,099</td>
<td>95</td>
<td>2,386</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1,637</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>565,453</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Georgia</td>
<td>81,900</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>183,466</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>289</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1,199</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>266,854</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hawaii</td>
<td>6,588</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>41,301</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>47,934</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Idaho</td>
<td>36,533</td>
<td>99</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>70</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>131</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>36,734</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Illinois</td>
<td>117,979</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>233,520</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>11,139</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1,988</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>364,626</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Indiana</td>
<td>65,158</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>33,099</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>1,507</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,753</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>101,517</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Iowa</td>
<td>32,549</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>24,024</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>1,806</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1,466</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>59,845</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kansas</td>
<td>24,124</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>45,678</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>1,260</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2,339</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>73,401</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kentucky</td>
<td>44,562</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>203,269</td>
<td>81</td>
<td>1,480</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,894</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>251,205</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Louisiana</td>
<td>25,424</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>283,969</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>5,973</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>14,550</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>329,916</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Maine</td>
<td>18,304</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>3,528</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>22,005</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Maryland</td>
<td>18,342</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>93,039</td>
<td>81</td>
<td>1,336</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,503</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>114,220</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Massachusetts</td>
<td>41,241</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>109,315</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>3,888</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1,014</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>155,458</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Michigan**</td>
<td>107,300</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>140,000</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>2,700</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>250,000**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Minnesota</td>
<td>64,944</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>46,021</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>3,829</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1,809</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>116,603</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Mississippi</td>
<td>25,840</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>251,506</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>2,025</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>726</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>280,097</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Missouri</td>
<td>153,408</td>
<td>97</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3,698</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1,748</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>158,854</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Montana</td>
<td>24,127</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>7,969</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>352</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>272</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>32,720</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nebraska</td>
<td>19,188</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>15,248</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>1,301</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1,311</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>37,048</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nevada</td>
<td>11,890</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>13,153</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1,152</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>26,263</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>New Hampshire</td>
<td>10,855</td>
<td>81</td>
<td>2,264</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>116</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>126</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>13,361</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>New Jersey</td>
<td>103,493</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>35,966</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>6,974</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1,391</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>147,824</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>New Mexico</td>
<td>33,978</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>39,846</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>953</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,090</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>75,867</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>New York</td>
<td>294,456</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>349,381</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>27,655</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>9,409</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>680,901</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>North Carolina</td>
<td>40,023</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>211,148</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>594</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>408</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>252,173</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>North Dakota</td>
<td>15,916</td>
<td>97</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>513</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>16,486</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ohio</td>
<td>112,830</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>155,731</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>7,027</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2,863</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>278,451</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oklahoma</td>
<td>52,386</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>134,692</td>
<td>72</td>
<td>246</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>391</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>187,715</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon</td>
<td>42,958</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>47,004</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>800</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,267</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>92,029</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Pennsylvania</td>
<td>121,475</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>210,284</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>18,324</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>3,570</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>353,653</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Rhode Island</td>
<td>14,531</td>
<td>91</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1,420</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>16,029</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>South Carolina</td>
<td>11,655</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>201,242</td>
<td>94</td>
<td>141</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>672</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>213,710</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>South Dakota</td>
<td>12,875</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>7,884</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>295</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>21,084</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Tennessee</td>
<td>43,860</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>150,112</td>
<td>76</td>
<td>290</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>4,350</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>198,612</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Texas</td>
<td>92,432</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>1,541,537</td>
<td>94</td>
<td>6,795</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>4,725</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1,645,489</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Utah</td>
<td>25,713</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>24,980</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>158</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>50,851</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Vermont+</td>
<td>8,436</td>
<td>67</td>
<td>3,881</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>247</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>12,564</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Virginia</td>
<td>44,267</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>48,795</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>576</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2,642</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>96,280</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Washington</td>
<td>57,540</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>92,761</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>887</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>621</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>151,809</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>West Virginia</td>
<td>22,162</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>47,696</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>276</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>308</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>70,442</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Wisconsin</td>
<td>75,046</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>77,641</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>3,322</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>129</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>156,138</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Wyoming</td>
<td>6,117</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>7,110</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>143</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>13,452</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Bureau of Indian Affairs</td>
<td>320</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>46,941</td>
<td>99</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>47,261</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Puerto Rico</td>
<td>214,135</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>129,817</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>16,625</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>412</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>360,989</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>3,520,622</strong></td>
<td><strong>31</strong></td>
<td><strong>7,529,762</strong></td>
<td><strong>67</strong></td>
<td><strong>167,590</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>76,719</strong></td>
<td><strong>1</strong></td>
<td><strong>11,294,673</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\*\* The figures shown for this state are estimates.

\+ The 1997-98 private school figure is used here as a proxy for
1996-97.

**Note**: Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding.

> Four states (**Idaho, Missouri, North Dakota, and Rhode Island**) were
> unable to provide public participation figures broken out between TAS
> and SWP. All of their participants are reported under TAS and
> therefore the total TAS figure does include some SWP students.

**Table 5**

**Title I Participation, Public, Nonpublic, Local Neglected or
Delinquent (N or D),\
and Total -- 1979-80 to 1996-97**

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="2"><strong>Year</strong></th>
<th colspan="4"><strong>Public</strong></th>
<th colspan="2"><h2 id="section-6">%</h2>
<p><strong>Diff</strong></p></th>
<th colspan="2"><strong>Private</strong></th>
<th colspan="2"><h2 id="section-7">%</h2>
<p><strong>Diff</strong></p></th>
<th colspan="2"><strong>Local N or D</strong></th>
<th colspan="2"><h2 id="section-8">%</h2>
<p><strong>Diff</strong></p></th>
<th colspan="2"><strong>Total</strong></th>
<th><h2 id="section-9">%</h2>
<p><strong>Diff</strong></p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">1979-80</td>
<td colspan="4">4,973,708</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">189,114</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">5,162,822</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">1980-81</td>
<td colspan="4">4,862,308</td>
<td colspan="2">-2</td>
<td colspan="2">213,499</td>
<td colspan="2">13</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">5,075,807</td>
<td>-2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">1981-82</td>
<td colspan="4">4,434,447</td>
<td colspan="2">-9</td>
<td colspan="2">184,084</td>
<td colspan="2">-14</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">4,618,531</td>
<td>-9</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">1982-83</td>
<td colspan="4">4,270,424</td>
<td colspan="2">-4</td>
<td colspan="2">177,210</td>
<td colspan="2">-4</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">4,447,634</td>
<td>-4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">1983-84</td>
<td colspan="4">4,381,975</td>
<td colspan="2">3</td>
<td colspan="2">190,660</td>
<td colspan="2">8</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">4,572,635</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">1984-85</td>
<td colspan="4">4,528,177</td>
<td colspan="2">3</td>
<td colspan="2">184,532</td>
<td colspan="2">-3</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">4,712,709</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">1985-86</td>
<td colspan="4">4,611,948</td>
<td colspan="2">2</td>
<td colspan="2">127,922</td>
<td colspan="2">-31</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">4,739,870</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">1986-87</td>
<td colspan="4">4,594,761</td>
<td colspan="2">*</td>
<td colspan="2">137,900</td>
<td colspan="2">8</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">4,732,661</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">1987-88</td>
<td colspan="4">4,808,030</td>
<td colspan="2">5</td>
<td colspan="2">136,618</td>
<td colspan="2">-1</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">4,944,648</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">1988-89</td>
<td colspan="4">4,777,643</td>
<td colspan="2">--</td>
<td colspan="2">137,656</td>
<td colspan="2">--</td>
<td colspan="2">131,574</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">5,046,873</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">1989-90</td>
<td colspan="4">5,014,617</td>
<td colspan="2">5</td>
<td colspan="2">151,948</td>
<td colspan="2">10</td>
<td colspan="2">161,255</td>
<td colspan="2">23</td>
<td colspan="2">5,327,820</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">1990-91</td>
<td colspan="4">5,252,141</td>
<td colspan="2">5</td>
<td colspan="2">157,360</td>
<td colspan="2">4</td>
<td colspan="2">138,069</td>
<td colspan="2">-14</td>
<td colspan="2">5,547,570</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">1991-92</td>
<td colspan="4">5,594,718</td>
<td colspan="2">7</td>
<td colspan="2">163,329</td>
<td colspan="2">4</td>
<td colspan="2">145,572</td>
<td colspan="2">5</td>
<td colspan="2">5,903,619</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">1992-93</td>
<td colspan="4">6,042,849</td>
<td colspan="2">8</td>
<td colspan="2">171,239</td>
<td colspan="2">5</td>
<td colspan="2">182,398</td>
<td colspan="2">25</td>
<td colspan="2">6,396,486</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">1993-94</td>
<td colspan="4">6,198,095</td>
<td colspan="2">3</td>
<td colspan="2">177,243</td>
<td colspan="2">4</td>
<td colspan="2">178,942</td>
<td colspan="2">-2</td>
<td colspan="2">6,554,280</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">1994-95</td>
<td colspan="4">6,392,372</td>
<td colspan="2">3</td>
<td colspan="2">172,982</td>
<td colspan="2">-2</td>
<td colspan="2">106,467</td>
<td colspan="2">-41</td>
<td colspan="2">6,671,821</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">1995-96+</td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">Public TAS</td>
<td></td>
<td>Public SWP</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1996-97</td>
<td colspan="2">3,520,622</td>
<td></td>
<td>7,529,762</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2">167,590</td>
<td colspan="2">-3</td>
<td colspan="2">76,719</td>
<td colspan="2">-28</td>
<td colspan="2">11,294,673</td>
<td colspan="2">70</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\+ No State Performance Report information was collected for the 1995-96
school year.

######## Table 6

**Title I Participants by Grade Span, Targeted Assistance (TAS),
Schoolwide (SWP), Private, Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D), and
Total, 1996-97**

+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Public TAS**                  | # Number    | # Percent           |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Pre-K**                       | 48,354      | 1                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Kindergarten**                | 276,840     | 8                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 1-3**                  | 1,405,066   | 41                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 4-6**                  | 989,203     | 29                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 7-9**                  | 545,396     | 16                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 10-12**                | 167,103     | 5                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| ## Ungraded                     | 20,751      | 1                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Total**                       | 3,452,713   | 100                 |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Public SWP**                  |             |                     |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Pre-K**                       | 214,596     | 3                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Kindergarten**                | 817,709     | 11                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 1-3**                  | 2,574,690   | 35                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 4-6**                  | 2,226,005   | 30                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 7-9**                  | 1,102,495   | 15                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 10-12**                | 398,655     | 5                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Ungraded**                    | 67,240      | 1                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Total**                       | 7,401,390   | 100                 |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Private**                     |             |                     |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Pre-K**                       | 558         | \*                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Kindergarten**                | 8,930       | 7                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 1-3**                  | 56,346      | 44                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 4-6**                  | 39,747      | 31                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 7-9**                  | 17,342      | 14                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 10-12**                | 3,599       | 7                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Ungraded**                    | 160         | 0                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Total**                       | 126,682     | 100                 |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Local N or D**                |             |                     |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Pre-K**                       | 633         | 1                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Kindergarten**                | 1,383       | 2                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 1-3**                  | 5,369       | 7                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 4-6**                  | 9,685       | 13                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 7-9**                  | 28,356      | 37                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 10-12**                | 20,440      | 27                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Ungraded**                    | 4,636       | 6                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Total**                       | 70,502      | 100                 |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| # Total {#total-1}              |             |                     |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Pre-K**                       | 264,141     | 2                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Kindergarten**                | 1,104,862   | 10                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 1-3**                  | 4,041,471   | 37                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 4-6**                  | 3,264,640   | 30                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 7-9**                  | 1,693,589   | 15                  |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Grades 10-12**                | 589,797     | 5                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Ungraded**                    | 92,787      | 1                   |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+
| **Total**                       | 11,051,287  | 100                 |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

**Note**: The figures shown above do not include data submitted by three
states (**Nebraska, Massachusetts,** and **Vermont**) because the
information submitted by these states was not broken out by grade.

Table 7

Number and Percent of Title I Targeted Assistance (TAS) and Schoolwide
(SWP) Participation by Racial or Ethnic Classification and State,
1996-97

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 18%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h1 id="state-3">State</h1></td>
<td><strong>Black, Not Hispanic</strong></td>
<td><strong>%</strong></td>
<td><h1 id="hispanic">Hispanic</h1></td>
<td><strong>%</strong></td>
<td><h1 id="white">White</h1></td>
<td><strong>%</strong></td>
<td><h1 id="other">Other**</h1></td>
<td><strong>%</strong></td>
<td><h1 id="total-2">Total</h1></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Alabama</td>
<td>138,851</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>1,894</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>92,686</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>3,228</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>236,659</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Alaska</td>
<td>1,549</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>664</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5,417</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>10,258</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>17,888</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Arizona</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Arkansas</td>
<td>53,969</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>2,796</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>79,103</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>1,257</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>137,125</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>California</td>
<td>244,485</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>1,179,790</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>351,425</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>207,336</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>1,983,036</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Colorado</td>
<td>5,727</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>29,706</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>27,252</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>2,354</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>65,039</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Connecticut</td>
<td>18,210</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>21,579</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>16,917</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>1,363</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>58,069</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Delaware</td>
<td>3,908</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>582</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>5,727</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>136</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>10,353</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>District of Columbia</td>
<td>40,391</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>3,923</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>136</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>538</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>44,988</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Florida</td>
<td>230,284</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>107,588</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>214,341</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>9,217</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>561,430</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Georgia</td>
<td>172,230</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>9,025</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>82,109</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>3,831</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>267,195</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hawaii</td>
<td>1,129</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1,132</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>5,774</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>32,265</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>40,300</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Idaho</td>
<td>239</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>8,658</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>26,775</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>961</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>36,633</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Illinois</td>
<td>181,860</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>69,406</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>95,722</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>4,511</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>351,499</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Indiana</td>
<td>26,681</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>4,769</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>65,071</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>2,110</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>98,631</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Iowa</td>
<td>3,762</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>2,764</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>48,441</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>1,611</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>56,578</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kansas</td>
<td>9,500</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>14,953</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>42,581</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>2,768</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>69,802</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kentucky</td>
<td>30,904</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>1,415</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>208,284</td>
<td>85</td>
<td>3,925</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>244,528</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Louisiana</td>
<td>204,620</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>2,779</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>104,067</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>5,498</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>316,964</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Maine</td>
<td>220</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>88</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>21,404</td>
<td>97</td>
<td>293</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>22,005</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Maryland</td>
<td>72,700</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>6,908</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>29,005</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>2,486</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>111,099</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Massachusetts</td>
<td>29,434</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>47,552</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>62,995</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>10,575</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>150,556</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Michigan</td>
<td>82,100</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>14,200</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>151,400</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>2,300</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>250,000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Minnesota</td>
<td>16,756</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>7,801</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>71,393</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>14,804</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>110,754</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Mississippi</td>
<td>184,701</td>
<td>67</td>
<td>926</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>90,219</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>1,500</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>277,346</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Missouri</td>
<td>25,179</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>4,017</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>264,429</td>
<td>88</td>
<td>8,166</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>301,791</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Montana</td>
<td>234</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>834</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>21,686</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>9,342</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>32,096</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nebraska</td>
<td>5,916</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>4,090</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>22,433</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>1,997</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>34,436</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nevada</td>
<td>4,213</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>10,289</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>8,726</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>1,815</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>25,043</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>New Hampshire</td>
<td>486</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>259</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>12,427</td>
<td>93</td>
<td>189</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>13,361</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>New Jersey</td>
<td>56,229</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>42,720</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>44,241</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>4,634</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>147,824</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>New Mexico</td>
<td>1,862</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>42,977</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>15,493</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>15,418</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>75,750</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>New York</td>
<td>227,658</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>221,390</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>154,774</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>40,015</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>643,837</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>North Carolina</td>
<td>121,715</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>8,470</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>109,099</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>11,887</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>251,171</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>North Dakota</td>
<td>157</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>290</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>12,304</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>3,678</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>16,429</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ohio</td>
<td>102,655</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>8,706</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>161,805</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>5,285</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>278,451</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oklahoma</td>
<td>30,612</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>10,354</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>107,124</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>38,009</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>186,099</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon</td>
<td>4,837</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>14,257</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>62,419</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>8,449</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>89,962</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Pennsylvania</td>
<td>141,980</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>32,226</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>149,760</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>7,793</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>331,759</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Rhode Island</td>
<td>2,821</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>4,073</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>6,902</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>2,233</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>16,029</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>South Carolina</td>
<td>129,398</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>2,128</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>79,770</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>1,601</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>212,897</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>South Dakota</td>
<td>215</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>303</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>12,562</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>8,004</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>21,084</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Tennessee</td>
<td>83,552</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>1,817</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>111,963</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>1,132</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>198,464</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Texas</td>
<td>266,575</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>956,076</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>390,539</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>20,779</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1,633,969</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Utah</td>
<td>990</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>9,752</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>34,447</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>5,662</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>50,851</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Vermont</td>
<td>119</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>11,852</td>
<td>96</td>
<td>273</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>12,317</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Virginia</td>
<td>55,195</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>2,247</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>35,121</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>1,075</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>93,638</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Washington</td>
<td>12,498</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>36,727</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>83,620</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>16,944</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>149,789</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>West Virginia</td>
<td>149</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>3,797</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>65,690</td>
<td>94</td>
<td>222</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>69,858</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Wisconsin</td>
<td>61,544</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>11,743</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>67,290</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>10,170</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>150,747</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Wyoming</td>
<td>185</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1,244</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>9,490</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>646</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>11,565</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Bureau of Indian Affairs</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>47,261</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>47,261</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Puerto Rico</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>343,952</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>343,952</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>3,091,184</strong></td>
<td><strong>28</strong></td>
<td><strong>3,315,709</strong></td>
<td><strong>30</strong></td>
<td><strong>3,954,210</strong></td>
<td><strong>36</strong></td>
<td><strong>597,804</strong></td>
<td><strong>5</strong></td>
<td><strong>10,958,907</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\*\* The category of "Other" includes participants classified as Native
American and as Asian.

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

+The figures shown here are an estimate.

**Notes**: Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding. The
totals shown here do not reflect data from all states. **Arizona** was
unable to provide information for this data item.

**Table 8**

**Number and Percent of Title I Participants by Racial or Ethnic
Classification,**

**1979-80 through 1996-97**

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Year</strong></td>
<td><strong>Native American/ Asian/ Other</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent of Total</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Black,</strong></p>
<p><strong>Not Hispanic</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>Percent of Total</strong></td>
<td><strong>Hispanic</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent of Total</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>White,</strong></p>
<p><strong>Not Hispanic</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>Percent of Total</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Total Racial/</strong></p>
<p><strong>Ethnic</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1979-80</td>
<td>173,685</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1,371,304</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>702,940</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>2,324,433</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>4,572,362</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1980-81</td>
<td>186,120</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1,299,725</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>859,108</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>2,049,795</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>4,394,748</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1981-82</td>
<td>131,789</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1,002,116</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>582,408</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>1,699,030</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>3,415,343</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1982-83</td>
<td>138,721</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1,040,510</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>730,699</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>1,558,123</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>3,468,023</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1983-84</td>
<td>188,138</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1,122,407</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>924,517</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>1,747,691</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>3,982,753</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1984-85</td>
<td>174,870</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1,252,817</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>898,994</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>1,962,436</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>4,289,117</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1985-86</td>
<td>192,984</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1,319,907</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>1,106,902</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>2,089,988</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>4,709,781</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1986-87</td>
<td>199,585</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1,301,106</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>1,144,865</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>2,054,588</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>4,700,114</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1987-88</td>
<td>226,491</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1,367,197</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>1,231,874</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>2,121,428</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>4,946,990</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1988-89</td>
<td>227,938</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1,368,893</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>1,275,526</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>2,165,591</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>5,037,948</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1989-90</td>
<td>244,177</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1,445,326</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>1,359,025</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>2,162,953</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>5,211,481</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1990-91</td>
<td>256,746</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1,487,977</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>1,439,549</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>2,183,894</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>5,368,166</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1991-92</td>
<td>288,353</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1,590,927</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>1,608,146</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>2,316,446</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>5,803,872</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1992-93</td>
<td>314,162</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1,682,765</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>1,823,057</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>2,412,572</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>6,232,556</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1993-94</td>
<td>300,640</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1,705,518</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>1,923,354</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>2,464,649</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>6,394,161</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1994-95</td>
<td>312,665</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>1,712,631</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>2,103,346</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>2,466,949</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>6,596,287</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1995-96*</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1996-97</td>
<td>597,804</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>3,091,184</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>3,315,709</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>3,954,210</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>10,958,907</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\*No State Performance Report information was collected for the 1995-96
school year.

########  {#section-10}

######## Table 9

**Number and Percent of Total Public Targeted Assistance (TAS) and
Schoolwide (SWP) Title I Participants with Disabilities, by State,
1996-97**

+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| #  {#section-11}   | **Total Public  | **Total         | ##  {#      |
|                    | SWP and TAS     | Students with   | section-12} |
| # State {#state-4} | Participants**  | Disabilities    |             |
|                    |                 | (TAS + SWP)**   | ## Perce    |
|                    |                 |                 | nt of Total |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Alabama            | 236,659         | 25,184          | 11          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Alaska             | 17,613          | 2,850           | 16          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Arizona            | 207,669         | 22,076          | 11          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Arkansas           | 137,125         | 9,743           | 7           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| California         | 2,040,494       | 133,886         | 7           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Colorado           | 63,831          | 5,501           | 9           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Connecticut        | 58,069          | 6,781           | 12          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Delaware           | 10,353          | 1,241           | 12          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| District of        | 45,463          | 1,871           | 4           |
| Columbia           |                 |                 |             |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Florida            | 561,430         | 118,628         | 21          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Georgia            | 265,366         | 11,449          | 4           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Hawaii             | 47,889          | 3,336           | 7           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Idaho              | 36,533          | 3,451           | 9           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Illinois           | 351,499         | 30,768          | 9           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Indiana            | 98,257          | 15,914          | 16          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Iowa               | 56,573          | 2,175           | 4           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Kansas             | 69,802          | 5,788           | 8           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Kentucky           | 247,831         | 28,556          | 12          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Louisiana          | 309,393         | 24,377          | 8           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Maine              | 21,832          | 1,560           | 7           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Maryland           | 111,381         | 4,015           | 4           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Massachusetts      | 150,556         | 22,869          | 15          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Michigan\*\*       | 247,300         | 10,000\*\*      | 4           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Minnesota          | 110,965         | 12,288          | 11          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Mississippi        | 277,346         | 18,867          | 7           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Missouri           | 153,408         | 10,836          | 7           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Montana            | 32,096          | 2,343           | 7           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Nebraska           | 34,436          | 4,272           | 12          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Nevada             | 25,043          | 3,037           | 12          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| New Hampshire      | 13,119          | 1,168           | 9           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| New Jersey         | 139,459         | 3,197           | 2           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| New Mexico         | 73,824          | 5,636           | 8           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| New York           | 643,837         | 58,554          | 9           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| North Carolina     | 251,171         | 32,726          | 13          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| North Dakota       | 15,916          | 821             | 5           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Ohio               | 268,561         | 13,238          | 5           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Oklahoma           | 187,078         | 18,139          | 10          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Oregon             | 89,962          | 10,746          | 12          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Pennsylvania       | 331,759         | 23,472          | 7           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Rhode Island       | 14,531          | 1,373           | 9           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| South Carolina     | 212,897         | 24,389          | 11          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| South Dakota       | 20,759          | 1,579           | 8           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Tennessee          | 193,972         | 25,296          | 13          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Texas              | 1,633,969       | 172,510         | 11          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Utah               | 50,693          | 5,829           | 11          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Vermont            | 12,317          | 1,332           | 11          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Virginia           | 93,062          | 5,417           | 6           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Washington         | 150,301         | 14,381          | 10          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| West Virginia      | 69,858          | 6,976           | 10          |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Wisconsin          | 152,687         | 12,241          | 8           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Wyoming            | 13,227          | 1,124           | 8           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Bureau of Indian   | 47,261          | 7,305           | 15          |
| Affairs            |                 |                 |             |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Puerto Rico        | 343,952         | 14,443          | 4           |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+
| **Total**          | **11,050,384**  | **1,005,554**   | **9**       |
+--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------+

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\*\* The figure shown here is an estimate.

Note: The total number of students shown in this table is taken from the
by-grade figures reported by the states. In this table, the figures for
TAS and SWP are combined, as a number of states were unable to provide
this information separately.

Table 10

**Number and Percent of Total Title I Participants with Limited**

# English Proficiency, by State, 1996-97

+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| #                | Total Title I    | **Total Title I | **Percent   |
| #  {#section-13} | Participants     | Students with   | of Total**  |
|                  |                  | Limited English |             |
| ##               | **(TAS + SWP +   | Proficiency**   |             |
| State {#state-5} | Private + Local  |                 |             |
|                  | N or D)**        |                 |             |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Alabama          | 238,349          | 1,540           | 1           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Alaska           | 17,888           | 5,107           | 29          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Arizona          | 211,078          | 73,915          | 35          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Arkansas         |                  |                 |             |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| California       | 2,061,265        | 861,610         | 42          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Colorado         | 65,039           | 10,119          | 16          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Connecticut      | 60,716           | 8,041           | 13          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Delaware         | 11,105           | 1,725           | 16          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| District of      | 47,293           | 2,808\*\*       | 6           |
| Columbia\*\*     |                  |                 |             |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Florida          | 565,453          | 71,140          | 13          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Georgia          | 266,854          | 14,334          | 5           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Hawaii           | 47,934           | 3,960           | 8           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Idaho            | 36,734           | 11,267          | 31          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Illinois         | 364,626          | 23,592          | 6           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Indiana          | 101,517          | 1,808           | 2           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Iowa             | 59,845           | 389             | 1           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Kansas           | 73,401           | 11,631          | 16          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Kentucky\*\*     | 251,205          | 1,425\*\*       | 1           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Louisiana        | 329,916          | 2,016           | 1           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Maine\*\*        | 22,005           | 179\*\*         | 1           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Maryland         | 114,220          | 3,979           | 3           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Massachusetts    | 155,458          | 30,857          | 20          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Michigan\*\*     | 250,000          | 22,675\*\*      | 9           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Minnesota        | 116,603          | 11,057          | 9           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Mississippi      | 280,097          | 568             | \*          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Missouri         | 158,854          | 719             | \*          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Montana          | 32,720           | 2,033           | 6           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Nebraska         | 37,048           | 1,817           | 5           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Nevada           | 26,263           | 7,150           | 27          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| New Hampshire    |                  |                 |             |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| New Jersey       | 147,824          | 13,785          | 9           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| New Mexico       | 75,867           | 20,036          | 26          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| New York         | 680,901          | 94,461          | 14          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| North Carolina   | 252,173          | 7,725           | 3           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| North Dakota     | 16,486           | 401             | 2           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Ohio             | 278,451          | 3,100           | 1           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Oklahoma         | 187,715          | 8,417           | 4           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Oregon           | 92,029           | 6,323           | 7           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Pennsylvania     | 353,653          | 10,586          | 3           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Rhode Island     | 16,029           | 3,283           | 20          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| South Carolina   | 213,710          | 737             | \*          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| South Dakota     |                  |                 |             |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Tennessee        | 198,612          | 2,048           | 1           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Texas            | 1,645,489        | 359,720         | 22          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Utah             | 50,851           | 8,976           | 18          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Vermont          |                  |                 |             |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Virginia         | 96,280           | 24,899          | 26          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Washington       | 151,809          | 22,601          | 15          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| West Virginia    | 70,442           | 63              | \*          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Wisconsin        | 156,138          | 7,569           | 5           |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Wyoming          | 13,452           | 1,628           | 12          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Bureau of Indian | 47,261           | 26,759          | 57          |
| Affairs          |                  |                 |             |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Puerto Rico      | 360,989          | 103,832         | 29          |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| **Total**        | **11,109,647**   | **1,914,410**   | **17**      |
+------------------+------------------+-----------------+-------------+

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\*\* The 1997-98 figure is used here as a proxy for 1996-97.

**Notes**: Four states (**Arkansas, New Hampshire, South Dakota,** and
**Vermont**) were unable to provide information for this data item. The
total number of Title I participants does not include participants from
these states. In some states, the counts of limited English proficient
students may include Private and Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D)
students.

> **Table 11**

######## Number of Homeless Children Participating in Title I, by State, 1996-97

+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| # S             | Total Title I     | **Number of     | **Percent   |
| tate {#state-6} | Participants      | Homeless        | of Total**  |
|                 |                   | Children**      |             |
|                 | **(TAS + SWP +    |                 |             |
|                 | Private + Local N |                 |             |
|                 | or D)**           |                 |             |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Alabama         | 238,349           | 2,631           | 1           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Alaska          | 17,888            | 1,081           | 6           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Arizona         | 211,078           | 3,271           | 2           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Arkansas        | 138,037           | 1,480           | 1           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| California      | 2,061,265         | 138,000         | 7           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Colorado\*\*    | 65,039            | 1,127\*\*       | 2           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Connecticut     | 60,716            | 1,282           | 2           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Delaware        | 11,105            | 876             | 8           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| District of     | 47,293            | 291             | 1           |
| Columbia        |                   |                 |             |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Florida         | 565,453           | 2,694           | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Georgia         | 266,854           | 329             | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Hawaii          | 47,934            | 373             | 1           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Idaho           | 36,734            | 386             | 1           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Illinois        | 364,626           | 5,916           | 2           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Indiana         | 101,517           | 350             | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Iowa            | 59,845            | 1,178           | 2           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Kansas          | 73,401            | 945             | 1           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Kentucky        | 251,205           | 1,308           | 1           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Louisiana       | 329,916           | 9,028           | 3           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Maine           | 22,005            | 37              | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Maryland        | 114,220           | 159             | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Massachusetts   | 155,458           | 1,107           | 1           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Michigan\*\*    | 250,000           | 2,476\*\*       | 1           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Minnesota       | 116,603           | 7,544           | 6           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Mississippi     | 280,097           | 4,400           | 2           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Missouri        | 158,854           | 396             | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Montana         | 32,720            | 103             | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Nebraska        | 37,048            | 464             | 1           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Nevada          | 26,263            | 1,171           | 4           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| New Hampshire   | 13,361            | 64              | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| New Jersey      | 147,824           | 754             | 1           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| New Mexico      | 75,867            | 1,592           | 2           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| New York        | 680,901           | 1,508           | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| North Carolina  | 252,173           | 191             | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| North Dakota    | 16,486            | 0               | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Ohio            | 278,451           | 84              | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Oklahoma        | 187,715           | 440             | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Oregon          | 92,029            | 4,506           | 5           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Pennsylvania    | 353,653           | 1,215           | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Rhode Island    | 16,029            | 26              | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| South Carolina  | 213,710           | 763             | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| South Dakota    | 21,084            | 189             | 1           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Tennessee       | 198,612           | 393             | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Texas           | 1,645,489         | 5,777           | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Utah            | 50,851            | 1,524           | 3           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Vermont         | 12,317            | 31              | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Virginia        | 96,280            | 315             | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Washington      |                   |                 |             |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| West Virginia   | 70,442            | 207             | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Wisconsin       | 156,138           | 282             | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Wyoming         | 13,452            | 13              | \*          |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Bureau of       | 47,261            | 328             | 1           |
| Indian Affairs  |                   |                 |             |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| Puerto Rico     | 360,989           | 2,691           | 1           |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+
| **Total**       | **11,142,637**    | **213,296**     | **2**       |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------------+-------------+

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\*\* The 1997-98 figure is used here as a proxy for 1996-97.

**Notes**: The total number of children shown is taken from the by-grade
figures reported by the states. In this table the figures include
Targeted Assistance (TAS), Schoolwide (SWP), Private and Local Neglected
or Delinquent (N or D) students, as Homeless participants are not just
TAS and SWP. The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states.
**Washington** was unable to provide information for this data item. The
total number of Title I participants shown here does not include
participants from this state.

> **Table 12**

**Number and Percent of Total Public Targeted Assistance (TAS) and
Schoolwide (SWP) Title I Participants Classified as Migrant, by State,
1996-97**

+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| ##                | **Total Public | **Number of      | **Percent   |
|  State {#state-7} | Participants** | Migrant          | of Total**  |
|                   |                | Students**       |             |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Alabama           | 236,659        | 2,635            | 1           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Alaska            | 17,613         | 3,916            | 22          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Arizona           | 207,669        | 10,597           | 5           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Arkansas          | 137,125        | 2,651            | 2           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| California        | 2,040,494      | 82,952           | 4           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Colorado          | 63,831         | 1,243            | 2           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Connecticut       | 58,069         | 1,517            | 3           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Delaware          | 10,353         | 301              | 3           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| District of       | 45,463         | 437              | 1           |
| Columbia          |                |                  |             |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Florida           | 561,430        | 20,169           | 4           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Georgia           | 265,366        | 7,486            | 3           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Hawaii            | 47,889         | NA               | \--         |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Idaho             | 36,533         | 3,212            | 9           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Illinois          | 351,499        | 42,293           | 12          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Indiana           | 98,257         | 352              | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Iowa              | 56,573         | 269              | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Kansas            | 69,802         | 4,101            | 6           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Kentucky          | 247,831        | 7,780            | 3           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Louisiana         | 309,393        | 1,442            | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Maine             | 21,832         | 1,031            | 5           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Maryland          | 111,381        | 3,979            | 4           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Massachusetts     | 150,556        | 1,178            | 1           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Michigan\*\*      | 247,300        | 3,614\*\*        | 1           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Minnesota         | 110,965        | 1,346            | 1           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Mississippi       | 277,346        | 1,526            | 1           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Missouri          | 153,408        | 822              | 1           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Montana           | 32,096         | 62               | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Nebraska          | 34,436         | 815              | 2           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Nevada            | 25,043         | 204              | 1           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| New Hampshire     | 13,119         | 13               | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| New Jersey        | 139,459        | 183              | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| New Mexico        | 73,824         | 1,403            | 2           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| New York          | 643,837        | 1,721            | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| North Carolina    | 251,171        | 4,283            | 2           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| North Dakota      |                |                  |             |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Ohio              | 268,561        | 52               | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Oklahoma          | 187,078        | 1,203            | 1           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Oregon            | 89,962         | 6,292            | 7           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Pennsylvania      | 331,759        | 687              | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Rhode Island      | 14,531         | 90               | 1           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| South Carolina    | 212,897        | 396              | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| South Dakota      | 20,759         | 154              | 1           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Tennessee         | 193,972        | 227              | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Texas             | 1,633,969      | 55,918           | 3           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Utah              | 50,693         | 571              | 1           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Vermont           | 12,317         | 65               | 1           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Virginia          | 93,062         | 105              | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Washington        | 150,301        | 10,560           | 7           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| West Virginia     | 69,858         | 45               | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Wisconsin         | 152,687        | 229              | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Wyoming           | 13,227         | 66               | \*          |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Bureau of Indian  |                |                  |             |
| Affairs           |                |                  |             |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| Puerto Rico       | 343,952        | 15,236           | 4           |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+
| **Total**         | **10,987,207** | **307,429**      | **3**       |
+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------+

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\*\* The 1997-98 figure is used here as a proxy for 1996-97.

**Notes**: The total number of children shown in this table is taken
from the by-grade figures reported by the states. In this table, the
figures for TAS and SWP are combined, as a number of states were unable
to provide this information separately.

> The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states. The
> **Bureau of Indian Affairs** and **North Dakota** were unable to
> provide information for this data item and therefore the total number
> of public participants does not include their public participants.

**Table 13**

###### Total Public TAS Title I Participants by Service Area, 1996-97

+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
|                            | **Number**     | # Percent of all       |
|                            |                |                        |
|                            |                | **Public TAS**         |
|                            |                |                        |
|                            |                | **Title I              |
|                            |                | Participants**         |
|                            |                |                        |
|                            |                | ## Served              |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| **Instructional Services** |                |                        |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| Reading / Language Arts    | 3,310,449      | 98                     |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| Mathematics                | 1,607,580      | 47                     |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| Science                    | 61,720         | 2                      |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| Social Studies             | 64,009         | 2                      |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| ### Othe                   | 305,822        | 9                      |
| r Instructional Services\* |                |                        |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| ### Total Instructional S  | 5,349,580      |                        |
| ervices (Duplicated Count) |                |                        |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| ###  {#section-14}         |                |                        |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| ### Supporting Services    |                |                        |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| Guidance / Counseling /    | 555,617        | 16                     |
| Social Work                |                |                        |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| Health / Dental            | 358,469        | 11                     |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| Other Supporting           | 251,499        | 7                      |
| Services\*\*               |                |                        |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| **Total Supporting         | 1,165,585      |                        |
| Services (Duplicated       |                |                        |
| Count)**                   |                |                        |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
|                            |                |                        |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+
| **Unduplicated Public TAS  | 3,386,333      |                        |
| Participant Count**        |                |                        |
+----------------------------+----------------+------------------------+

\* Other instructional services include preschool/early childhood,
tutoring, basic skills, readiness, English as a Second Language
(ESL)/bilingual, arts/recreational/living, practical living, technology,
and Spanish, among others.

\*\* Other supporting services include transportation, nutrition, speech
therapy, clothing, media, field trips, home visit, job prep, physical
education, and nurse, among others.

**Table 14**

**Number and Percent of LEAs Providing Family Literacy Services, by
State, 1996-97**

+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| ##                  | **Total Number | **Number of    | **Percent   |
| ## State {#state-8} | of Title I     | LEAS Providing | of Total**  |
|                     | LEAs**         | Family         |             |
|                     |                | Literacy       |             |
|                     |                | Services**     |             |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Alabama             | 126            | 13             | 10          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Alaska              | 48             | 5+             | 10          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Arizona             | 321            | 22             | 7           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Arkansas            | 312            | 32             | 10          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| California          | 876            | 56             | 6           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Colorado            | 167            | 16             | 10          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Connecticut         | 117            | 4              | 3           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Delaware            | 21             | 0              | \*          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| District of         | 1              | 1              | 100         |
| Columbia            |                |                |             |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Florida             | 67             | 28             | 42          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Georgia             | 180            | 5              | 3           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Hawaii              | 1              | 1              | 100         |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Idaho               | 110            | 22             | 20          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Illinois            |                |                |             |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Indiana             | 285            | 23             | 8           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Iowa                | 379            | 6              | 2           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Kansas              | 302            | 7              | 2           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Kentucky            | 175            | 66             | 38          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Louisiana           | 66             | 17             | 26          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Maine               | 188            | 4              | 2           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Maryland            | 24             | 4              | 17          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Massachusetts       | 247            | 43             | 17          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Michigan\*\*        | 603            | 146\*\*        | 24          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Minnesota+          | 350            | 5+             | 1           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Mississippi         | 153            | 12             | 8           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Missouri            | 520            | 9              | 2           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Montana             | 309            | 13             | 4           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Nebraska            | 320            | 2              | 1           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Nevada              | 17             | 4              | 24          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| New Hampshire       | 130            | 2              | 2           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| New Jersey          |                |                |             |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| New Mexico          | 88             | 7              | 8           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| New York            | 645            | 56             | 9           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| North Carolina      | 117            | 112            | 96          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| North Dakota+       | 207            | 6+             | 3           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Ohio                | 595            | 28             | 5           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Oklahoma            | 542            | 12             | 2           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Oregon              | 179            | 25             | 14          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Pennsylvania        | 479            | 8              | 2           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Rhode Island        | 37             | 9              | 24          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| South Carolina      | 91             | 35             | 38          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| South Dakota        | 389            | 0              | \*          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Tennessee+          | 139            | 19+            | 14          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Texas               | 1,010          | 132            | 13          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Utah                | 40             | 8              | 20          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Vermont             | 60             | 47             | 78          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Virginia            | 133            | 10             | 8           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Washington          | 286            | 30             | 10          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| West Virginia       | 55             | 9              | 16          |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Wisconsin           | 388            | 5              | 1           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Wyoming             | 42             | 3              | 7           |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Bureau of Indian    | 173            | 85             | 49          |
| Affairs             |                |                |             |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| Puerto Rico         | 1              | 1              | 100         |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+
| **Total**           | **12,111**     | **1,215**      | **10**      |
+---------------------+----------------+----------------+-------------+

\* Less than 0.5 percent.

\*\* The 1997-98 figure is used here as a proxy for 1996-97.

\+ The number of Even Start programs is used here as a proxy for Family
Literacy Services.

**Note**: The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states.
**Illinois** and **New Jersey** were unable to provide information for
this data item. The total number of LEAs does not include the LEAs in
those states.

**Table 15**

**Number of Extended Time Instructional Programs in Operation, by State,
1996-97**

+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| # State {#state-9}                         | **Number of Title I     |
|                                            | Extended Time           |
|                                            | Programs**              |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Alabama                                    | 302                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Alaska                                     | 67                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Arizona                                    | 487                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Arkansas                                   | 292                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| California                                 |                         |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Colorado                                   | 118                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Connecticut                                | 40                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Delaware                                   | 5                       |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| District of Columbia                       | 5                       |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Florida                                    |                         |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Georgia                                    | 178                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Hawaii                                     | 25                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Idaho                                      | 120                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Illinois                                   |                         |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Indiana                                    | 616                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Iowa                                       | 36                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Kansas                                     | 315                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Kentucky                                   | 0                       |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Louisiana                                  | 3                       |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Maine                                      | 122                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Maryland                                   |                         |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Massachusetts                              | 211                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Michigan\*\*                               | 529\*\*                 |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Minnesota                                  | 505                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Mississippi                                | 245                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Missouri                                   |                         |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Montana                                    | 153                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Nebraska                                   | 22                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Nevada                                     | 22                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| New Hampshire                              | 113                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| New Jersey                                 |                         |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| New Mexico                                 | 29                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| New York                                   | 1,149                   |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| North Carolina                             | 126                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| North Dakota                               | 59                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Ohio                                       | 443                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Oklahoma                                   | 92                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Oregon                                     | 446                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Pennsylvania                               | 532                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Rhode Island                               | 10                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| South Carolina                             | 194                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| South Dakota                               | 436                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Tennessee                                  | 267                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Texas                                      | 3,935                   |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Utah                                       | 111                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Vermont                                    | 54                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Virginia                                   | 242                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Washington                                 | 45                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| West Virginia                              | 365                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Wisconsin                                  | 219                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Wyoming                                    | 70                      |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Bureau of Indian Affairs                   | 140                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Puerto Rico                                | 193                     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| **Total**                                  | **13,688**              |
+--------------------------------------------+-------------------------+

\*\* The 1997-98 figure is used here as a proxy for 1996-97.

**Note**: The total shown here does not reflect data from all states.
Six states (**California, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Missouri,** and
**New Jersey)** were unable to provide information for this data item.

**Table 16**

Title I-Funded Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Staff, by State, 1996-97

+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| State      | **Data     | **A  | #    | *    | *    | **O  | # T   |
|            | Includes   | dmin | Teac | *Tea | *Sup | ther | otal  |
|            | I          | is-t | hers | cher | port | Sta  | {#tot |
|            | nformation | rato |      | Aid  | Sta  | ff** | al-3} |
|            | for:**     | rs** |      | es** | ff** |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Alabama    | TAS        | 39   | 570  | 589  | 56   | 41   | 1,294 |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Alaska     | TAS        | 4    | 68   | 179  | 28   | 0    | 279   |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Arizona    |            |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Arkansas   | TAS/SWP    | 100  | 847  | 1    | 77   | 64   | 2,960 |
|            | Combined   |      |      | ,871 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| California | TAS/SWP    | 374  | 2    | 11   | 1    | 1    | 1     |
|            | Combined   |      | ,791 | ,170 | ,907 | ,661 | 7,902 |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Colorado   | TAS/SWP    | 36   | 1    | 596  | 19   | 12   | 1,746 |
|            | Combined   |      | ,082 |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| C          | TAS        | 16   | 355  | 440  | 34   | 76   | 921   |
| onnecticut |            |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Delaware   | TAS/SWP    | 13   | 98   | 189  | 13   | 19   | 332   |
|            | Combined   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| District   | TAS        | 0    | 7    | 12   | 1    | 2    | 22    |
| of         |            |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| Columbia   |            |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Florida    | TAS/SWP    | 104  | 3    | 2    | 503  | 217  | 6,682 |
|            | Combined   |      | ,005 | ,853 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Georgia    | TAS/SWP    | 126  | 2    | 1    | 236  | 358  | 4,353 |
|            | Combined   |      | ,335 | ,298 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Hawaii     | TAS        | 0    | 53   | 131  | 0    | 4    | 188   |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Idaho      | TAS        | 21   | 217  | 491  | 7    | 27   | 762   |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Illinois   | TAS/SWP    | 355  | 6    | 2    | 168  | 628  | 9,717 |
|            | Combined   |      | ,511 | ,055 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Indiana    | TAS        | 66   | 1    | 2    | 260  | 95   | 4,010 |
|            |            |      | ,016 | ,573 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Iowa       | TAS/SWP    | 0    | 1    | 163  | 31   | 0    | 1,293 |
|            | Combined   |      | ,098 |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Kansas     | TAS        | 50   | 1    | 638  | 63   | 43   | 2,363 |
|            |            |      | ,569 |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Kentucky   | TAS/SWP    | 113  | 1    | 2    | 139  | 103  | 4,790 |
|            | Combined   |      | ,969 | ,465 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Louisiana  | TAS/SWP    | 145  | 1    | 2    | 375  | 233  | 5,074 |
|            | Combined   |      | ,554 | ,767 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Maine      | TAS        | 95   | 302  | 669  | 8    | 14   | 1,087 |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Maryland   | TAS/SWP    | 18   | 350  | 571  | 35   | 260  | 1,234 |
|            | Combined   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Mas        | TAS        | 65   | 1    | 481  | 76   | 59   | 1,718 |
| sachusetts |            |      | ,037 |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Mi         | TAS        | 113  | 1    | 2    | 243  | 147  | 4,64  |
| chigan\*\* |            |      | ,233 | ,910 |      |      | 6\*\* |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Minnesota  | TAS/SWP    | 47   | 510  | 1    | 27   | 35   | 2,300 |
|            | Combined   |      |      | ,681 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| M          | TAS        | 27   | 297  | 447  | 40   | 33   | 843   |
| ississippi |            |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Missouri   | TAS        | 31   | 1    | 1    | 26   | 89   | 3,087 |
|            |            |      | ,872 | ,070 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Montana    | TAS        | 13   | 411  | 352  | 26   | 12   | 814   |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Nebraska   | TAS        | 31   | 388  | 211  | 27   | 18   | 676   |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Nevada     | TAS        | 1    | 132  | 94   | 0    | 1    | 228   |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| New        | TAS/SWP    | 22   | 202  | 281  | 21   | 27   | 553   |
| Hampshire  | Combined   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| New Jersey | TAS        | 98   | 2    | 617  | 93   | 124  | 3,051 |
|            |            |      | ,118 |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| New Mexico | TAS/SWP    | 24   | 789  | 874  | 59   | 56   | 1,802 |
|            | Combined   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| New York   | TAS        | 142  | 5    | 2    | 350  | 358  | 8,504 |
|            |            |      | ,276 | ,377 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| North      | TAS        | 44   | 1    | 629  | 33   | 47   | 2,071 |
| Carolina   |            |      | ,319 |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| North      | TAS/SWP    | 18   | 324  | 318  | 0    | 0    | 660   |
| Dakota     | Combined   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Ohio       | TAS/SWP    | 111  | 4    | 1    | 141  | 101  | 5,552 |
|            | Combined   |      | ,045 | ,153 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Oklahoma   |            |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Oregon     | TAS/SWP    | 32   | 596  | 872  | 56   | 56   | 1,611 |
|            | Combined   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Pe         | TAS        | 91   | 2    | 1    | 69   | 221  | 3,752 |
| nnsylvania |            |      | ,275 | ,096 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Rhode      | TAS/SWP    | 9    | 197  | 209  | 10   | 173  | 597   |
| Island     | Combined   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| South      | TAS        | 26   | 189  | 205  | 26   | 14   | 460   |
| Carolina   |            |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| South      | TAS/SWP    | 6    | 368  | 242  | 4    | 21   | 642   |
| Dakota     | Combined   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Tennessee  | TAS/SWP    | 125  | 728  | 711  | 33   | 174  | 1,771 |
|            | Combined   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Texas      | TAS        | 40   | 1    | 1    | 104  | 126  | 3,014 |
|            |            |      | ,377 | ,367 |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Utah       | TAS/SWP    | 22   | 176  | 980  | 36   | 0    | 1,213 |
|            | Combined   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Vermont    | TAS/SWP    | 16   | 194  | 200  | 4    | 5    | 420   |
|            | Combined   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Virginia   | TAS        | 77   | 1    | 632  | 42   | 78   | 2,122 |
|            |            |      | ,294 |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Washington | TAS/SWP    | 39   | 768  | 24   | 1    | 65   | 2,095 |
|            | Combined   |      |      |      | ,199 |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| West       | TAS        | 117  | 617  | 155  | 21   | 25   | 935   |
| Virginia   |            |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Wisconsin  | TAS        | 25   | 1    | 449  | 34   | 41   | 1,585 |
|            |            |      | ,036 |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Wyoming    | TAS        | 9    | 156  | 184  | 9    | 7    | 364   |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Bureau of  | TAS        | 1    | 7    | 9    | 1    | 1    | 18    |
| Indian     |            |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| Affairs    |            |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Puerto     | TAS/SWP    | 527  | 5    | 164  | 1    | 1    | 9,034 |
| Rico       | Combined   |      | ,526 |      | ,038 | ,779 |       |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| **Total**  |            | *    | **   | **   | *    | *    | *     |
|            |            | *3,6 | 61,2 | 52,7 | *7,8 | *7,7 | *133, |
|            |            | 26** | 53** | 15** | 03** | 52** | 149** |
+------------+------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+

\* The figures in this column include the FTE staff reported by the
states in all 5 staffing categories: Administrators, Teachers, Teacher
Aides, Support Staff, and Other.

Other staff include clerical, parent coordinator/liaison, bus driver,
truant officer, health coordinator, and secretary.

\*\* The 1997-98 figure is used here as a proxy for 1996-97.

**Note**: The totals shown here do not reflect data from all states.
**Arizona** and **Oklahoma** were unable to provide information for this
data item.

**Table 17**

**Title I Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Teachers and Teacher Aides \--
1979-80 through\
1996-97**

  ------------- -------------- ----------- ------------ ----------- -----------
                **Teachers**               **Teacher                
                                           Aides**                  

  **Year**      **Number**     **Percent   **Number**   **Percent   **Number of
                               of Total                 of Total    Total
                               Staff**                  Staff**     Staff**

  1979-80       77,782         40          86,826       45          194,403

  1980-81       80,078         43          80,938       44          185,925

  1981-82       74,786         45          67,536       40          167,748

  1982-83       68,590         46          58,093       39          149,220

  1983-84       68,627         46          57,479       38          150,277

  1984-85       72,797         46          61,380       39          158,967

  1985-86       69,014         45          59,058       39          151,936

  1986-87       64,143         46          55,530       39          140,691

  1987-88       65,668         46          56,078       39          143,675

  1988-89       68,149         45          60,544       40          150,816

  1989-90       68,554         46          61,282       41          149,275

  1990-91       71,109         45          65,232       41          158,270

  1991-92       77,344         45          69,806       41          171,830

  1992-93       82,294         45          74,342       41          182,496

  1993-94       85,565         45          77,811       41          192,165

  1994-95       85,288         45          77,811       40          189,528

  1995-96\*                                                         

  1996-97\*\*   61,253         45          52,715       40          133,148
  ------------- -------------- ----------- ------------ ----------- -----------

\* No State Performance Report information was collected for the 1995-96
school year.

\*\* The information shown for 1996-97 is nearly equally divided between
those states which submitted information for Targeted Assistance (TAS)
schools only and those which submitted information for TAS and
Schoolwide (SWP) combined.

> **Table 18**

**Number of Neglected, Delinquent, and Adult Correctional**

# Title I Participants, by State, 1996-97

+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| **State**        | ##         | ##  {#s    | **Adult    | ## Total   |
|                  |  Neglected | ection-15} | Corr       | {#total-4} |
|                  |            |            | ectional** |            |
|                  |            | ##         |            |            |
|                  |            | Delinquent |            |            |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Alabama\*\*      | 0          | 3,130      | 762        | 3,892\*\*  |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Alaska           |            | 288+       | 29         | 317        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Arizona          | 0          | 11,413     | 1,646      | 13,059     |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| ### Arkansas     | 0          | 273        | 319        | 592        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| California       | 71,671     | 34,115     |            | 105,786    |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Colorado         |            | 226        |            | 226        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Connecticut      | 164        | 621        | 1,241      | 2,026      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Delaware         | 0          | 286        | 258        | 544        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| District of      | 85         | 793        | 1,850      | 2,728      |
| Columbia         |            |            |            |            |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Florida          | 0          | 288        | 2,931      | 3,219      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Georgia          | 0          | 1,350      | 380        | 1,730      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Hawaii           | 0          | 153        | 117        | 270        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Idaho            | 131        | 370        | 79         | 580        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Illinois         | 1,988      | 1,976      | 932        | 4,896      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Indiana          | 164        | 1,633      | 0          | 1,797      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Iowa             | 67         | 102        | 239        | 408        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Kansas           | 444        | 792        | 103        | 1,339      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Kentucky         | 55         | 2,224      | 352        | 2,631      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Louisiana        | 0          | 1,817      | 0          | 1,817      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Maine            | 0          | 181        | 41         | 222        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Maryland         | 0          | 1,429      | 514        | 1,943      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Massachusetts    | 1,014      | 536        | 132        | 1,682      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Michigan\*\*     | 1,130      | 915        | 250        | 2,295\*\*  |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Minnesota        |            |            |            | 0          |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Mississippi      | 474        | 551        | 328        | 1,353      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Missouri         | 1,632      | 789        | 710        | 3,131      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Montana          | 0          | 198        | 54         | 252        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Nebraska         | 153        | 1,155      | 173        | 1,481      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Nevada           | 0          | 342        | 0          | 342        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| New Hampshire    | 92         | 793        | 0          | 885        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| New Jersey       | 0          | 745        | 697        | 1,442      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| New Mexico       | 36         | 1,831      | 116        | 1,983      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| New York         | 6,757      | 8,133      | 1,500      | 16,390     |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| North Carolina   | 0          | 515        | 1,493      | 2,008      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| North Dakota     | 0          | 140        | 0          | 140        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Ohio             |            | 2,224      | 1,758      | 3,982      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Oklahoma         | 445        | 248        | 387        | 1,080      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Oregon           | 870        | 1,225      | 136        | 2,231      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Pennsylvania     | 336        | 709        | 434        | 1,479      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Rhode Island     | 111        | 418        | 350        | 879        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| South Carolina   | 83         | 584        | 851        | 1,518      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| South Dakota     | 266        | 772        | 196        | 1,234      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Tennessee        | 147        | 565        | 268        | 980        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Texas            | 0          | 3,215      | 559        | 3,774      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Utah             | 82         | 589        | 81         | 752        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Vermont          | 115        | 15         | 88         | 218        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Virginia         |            | 2,396      | 505        | 2,901      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Washington       | 0          | 1,701      | 512        | 2,213      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| West Virginia    | 0          | 871        | 0          | 871        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Wisconsin        | 0          | 1,864      | 426        | 2,290      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Wyoming          | 0          | 324        | 0          | 324        |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Bureau of Indian | NA         | NA         | NA         | \--        |
| Affairs          |            |            |            |            |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| Puerto Rico      | 0          | 944        | 362        | 1,306      |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| **Total**        | **88,512** | **98,767** | **24,159** | *          |
|                  |            |            |            | *211,438** |
+------------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+

\*\* The 1997-98 figure is used here as a proxy for 1996-97.

\+ The figure shown under delinquent actually represents neglected (N)
and delinquent (D) participants combined.

**Note**: The national figures for this portion of the program should be
viewed with caution, as participants in **California** account for more
than 50 percent of state N or D participants. Additionally, year-to-year
trends tend to be a reflection of trends in **California**, rather than
a reflection of trends in the nation as a whole.

Table 19

Number of Institutions by State Participating in the State Agency
Neglected (N) or Delinquent (D) Program and the Number Operating
Institution-Wide Programs,

by State, 1996-97

+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| # Stat        | **Neg  | **Deli | # Tota | **N    | **P    | *      |
| e {#state-10} | lected | nquent | l {#to | and D  | ercent | *Adult |
|               | In     | In     | tal-5} | Instit | Instit | Cor    |
|               | stitut | stitut |        | ution- | ution- | rect-i |
|               | ions** | ions** | **N    | Wide** | Wide** | onal** |
|               |        |        | and D  |        |        |        |
|               |        |        | In     |        |        |        |
|               |        |        | stitut |        |        |        |
|               |        |        | ions** |        |        |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Alabama\*\*   | 0      | 1      | 1\*\*  | 1      | 100.0% | 6\*\*  |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Alaska        |        | 5      | 5      | 3      | 60.0%  | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Arizona       | 0      | 18     | 18     | 17     | 94.4%  | 12     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Arkansas      | 0      | 1      | 1      | 4      | 400.0% | 3      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| California    | 176    | 53     | 229    | 163    | 71.2%  |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Colorado      |        | 3      | 3      | 0      | 0%     |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Connecticut   | 1      | 1      | 2      | 3      | 150.0% | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Delaware      | 0      | 1      | 1      | 5      | 500.0% | 4      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| District of   | 2      | 2      | 4      | 1      | 25.0%  | 1      |
| Columbia      |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Florida       | 0      | 2      | 2      | 2      | 100.0% | 11     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Georgia       | 0      | 10     | 10     | 2      | 20.0%  | 4      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Hawaii        | 0      | 1      | 1      | 0      | 0%     | 8      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Idaho         | 10     | 7      | 17     | 2      | 11.8%  | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Illinois      | 39     | 6      | 45     | 6      | 13.3%  | 7      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Indiana       | 1      | 6      | 7      | 0      | 0%     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Iowa          | 1      | 1      | 2      | 0      | 0%     | 4      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Kansas        | 9      | 4      | 13     | 1      | 7.7%   | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Kentucky      | 4      | 30     | 34     | 7      | 20.6%  | 9      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Louisiana     | 0      | 4      | 4      | 0      | 0%     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Maine         | 0      | 1      | 1      | 1      | 100.0% | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Maryland      | 0      | 9      | 9      | 0      | 0%     | 13     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Massachusetts | 71     | 16     | 87     | 1      | 1.1%   | 4      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Michigan      | 68     | 7      | 75     | 0      | 0%     | 27     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Minnesota     | 0      |        |        |        |        |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Mississippi   | 31     | 2      | 33     | 2      | 6.1%   | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Missouri      | 58     | 21     | 79     |        |        | 12     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Montana       | 0      | 1      | 1      | 0      | 0%     | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Nebraska      | 1      | 2      | 3      | 0      | 0%     | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Nevada        | 0      | 2      | 2      | 0      | 0%     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| New Hampshire | 5      | 6      | 11     | 0      | 0%     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| New Jersey    | 10     | 13     | 23     | 0      | 0%     | 8      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| New Mexico    | 1      | 2      | 3      | 0      | 0%     | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| New York      | 96     | 133    | 229    | 0      | 0%     | 3      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| North         | 0      | 5      | 5      | 5      | 100.0% | 6      |
| Carolina      |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| North Dakota  | 0      | 1      | 1      | 1      | 100.0% | 0      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Ohio          |        | 8      | 8      | 6      | 75.0%  | 7      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Oklahoma      | 14     | 2      | 16     | 0      | 0%     | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Oregon        | 22     | 31     | 53     | 0      | 0%     | 6      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Pennsylvania  | 1      | 10     | 11     | 0      | 0%     | 15     |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Rhode Island  | 2      | 3      | 5      | 1      | 20.0%  | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| South         | 1      | 2      | 3      | 1      | 33.3%  | 5      |
| Carolina      |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| South Dakota  | 4      | 10     | 14     | 11     | 78.6%  | 4      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Tennessee     | 1      | 4      | 5      | 4      | 80.0%  | 2      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Texas         | 0      | 1      | 1      | 2      | 200.0% | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Utah          | 6      | 23     | 29     | 29     | 100.0% | 3      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Vermont       | 3      | 1      | 4      | 0      | 0%     | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Virginia      |        | 6      | 6      | 0      | 0%     | 3      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Washington    | 0      | 16     | 16     | 0      | 0%     | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| West Virginia | 0      | 6      | 6      | 0      | 0%     | 0      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Wisconsin     | 0      | 4      | 4      | 0      | 0%     | 4      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Wyoming       | 0      | 2      | 2      | 2      | 100.0% | 0      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Bureau of     | NA     | NA     | NA     | NA     | \--    | NA     |
| Indian        |        |        |        |        |        |        |
| Affairs       |        |        |        |        |        |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Puerto Rico   | 0      | 1      | 1      | 2      | 200.0% | 1      |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Total**     | *      | *      | **1    | *      | *      | *      |
|               | *638** | *507** | ,145** | *285** | *25%** | *206** |
+---------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

\*\* The 1997-98 figure is used here as a proxy for 1996-97.

**Table 20**

**Use of Title I State Administrative Funds, 1995-96 and 1996-97**

+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|               |       | *     |       |       | *     |       |       |
|               |       | *1995 |       |       | *1996 |       |       |
|               |       | -96** |       |       | -97** |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| #### Stat     | **    | **    | **    | *     | **    | **    | *     |
| e {#state-11} | Funds | Basic | State | *Tech | Basic | State | *Tech |
|               | Conso | Pr    | -wide | nical | Pr    | -wide | nical |
|               | l-ida | ogram | Pr    | Ass   | ogram | Pr    | Ass   |
|               | ted** | O     | ogram | is-ta | O     | ogram | is-ta |
|               |       | perat | Servi | nce** | perat | Servi | nce** |
|               |       | ion** | ces** |       | ion** | ces** |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Alabama       | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Alaska        |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Arizona       | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Arkansas      |       | 60    | 10    | 30    | 55    | 10    | 35    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| California    | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Colorado      |       | 55    | 5     | 40    | 54    | 6     | 40    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Connecticut   |       | 53    | 0     | 47    | 64    | 0     | 36    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Delaware      | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| District of   | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| Columbia      |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Florida       | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Georgia       |       | 30    | 10    | 60    | 35    | 15    | 50    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Hawaii        |       | 56    | 15    | 29    | 48    | 15    | 37    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Idaho         | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Illinois      |       | 27    | 25    | 47    | 28    | 34    | 38    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Indiana       |       | 67    |       | 33    | 66    |       | 34    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Iowa          |       | 85    | 5     | 10    | 80    | 10    | 10    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Kansas        | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Kentucky      |       | 75    | 0     | 25    | 75    | 0     | 25    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Louisiana     |       | 61    |       | 39    | 39    | 38    | 23    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Maine         | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Maryland      |       | 97    | 0     | 3     | 96    | 0     | 4     |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Massachusetts | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Michigan      |       | 28    | 0     | 72    | 54    | 0     | 46    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Minnesota     | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Mississippi   | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Missouri      | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Montana       |       | 50    | 10    | 40    | 40    | 20    | 40    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Nebraska      |       | 47    | 12    | 41    | 54    | 14    | 32    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Nevada        |       | 35    | 5     | 60    | 35    | 10    | 55    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| New Hampshire |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| New Jersey    | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| New Mexico    | Yes   | 80    | 10    | 10    |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| New York      | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| North         |       | 10    | 2     | 88    | 15    | 4     | 81    |
| Carolina      |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| North Dakota  |       | 80    | 5     | 15    | 75    | 10    | 15    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Ohio          |       | 70    | 10    | 20    | 60    | 8     | 32    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Oklahoma      | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Oregon        |       | 55    | 8     | 37    | 50    | 6     | 44    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Pennsylvania  | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Rhode Island  | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| South         |       | 40    | 3     | 57    | 42    | 3     | 55    |
| Carolina      |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| South Dakota  | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Tennessee     | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Texas         | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Utah          |       | 58    | 12    | 30    | 60    | 10    | 30    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Vermont       |       | 50    | 25    | 25    | 50    | 25    | 25    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Virginia      | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Washington    | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| West Virginia |       | 60    | 10    | 30    | 62    | 8     | 30    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Wisconsin     | Yes   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Wyoming       |       |       |       |       | 37    | 37    | 26    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Bureau of     |       | 66    | 12    | 22    | 66    | 12    | 22    |
| Indian        |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| Affairs       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Puerto Rico   |       | 40    | 25    | 35    | 40    | 25    | 35    |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| **Overall**   |       | *     | **9** | *     | *     | *     | *     |
|               |       | *55** |       | *36** | *53** | *13** | *35** |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| **Number of   | *     | *     |       |       | *     |       |       |
| States**      | *25** | *26** |       |       | *26** |       |       |
+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

[^1]: See Blank, Manise, Braithwaite, and Langesen. (1999). *State
    Education Indicators with a Focus on Title I.* (Washington, DC:
    Council of Chief State School Officers and U.S. Department of
    Education).

[^2]: Funds are first distributed to counties based primarily on counts
    of low-income children. The state is then responsible for allocating
    the funds to local school districts based also on counts of
    low-income children. At the district level, schools are selected for
    Title I based on their relative poverty levels. However, within
    eligible schools, services are delivered on the basis of children's
    educational, rather than economic, needs.

[^3]: Title I participation data were not collected for the 1995-96
    school year.

[^4]: The local neglected or delinquent program provides funding for
    services for children living in local institutions for neglected
    children. These services are provided by the school district and are
    to be comparable to the services provided to the students enrolled
    in the elementary and secondary schools in the district.

[^5]: The types of institutions providing services to students under
    this portion of the program are defined as follows: **Neglected** --
    a residential facility for the care of children who have been
    committed to the institution due to abandonment, neglect, or death
    of their parents or guardians. **Delinquent** -- a residential
    facility for the care of children who have been adjudicated to be
    delinquent or in need of supervision. **Adult Correctional** -- a
    facility in which persons are confined as a result of a conviction
    for a criminal offense, including persons under 21 years of age.