**Number range CHAPTERCALIFORNIA FORESTRY**

[]{.mark}

This scenario is intended to represent forestlands in northern
California. The area of interest (AOI) includes Trinity, Shasta, Modoc,
and Humboldt counties since they are predominantly forested (Figure 1)
and comprise the largest amount of pesticide application to forest lands
in California. Approximately 33% of California's land surface is
forested, with roughly 32 million acres and 25 forest types throughout
the state. There are 18 national forests in California totalling over 20
million acres. The majority of national forest lands occur in the
northern and western part of the state. The predominant forest types in
northern California as well as throughout the state include Sierran
mixed Conifer, Montane hardwood, and Douglas Fir (USDA, 2006a). Based on
typical forest composition and common pest species, this scenario is
intended to represent coniferous evergreen forests.

![](media/image1.png){width="3.18125in" height="5.01875in"}

Forestlands in California are susceptible to a wide range of forest
pests such as the Mountain pine beetle and the fir engraver. In forest
lands, pesticides are used for a number of management operations that
include:

1\. Thinning or control of specific trees to promote growth of desirable
species.

2\. Thinning or control of vegetation to reduce fire fuel.

3\. Site preparation for planting of trees.

4\. Control of vegetation on highways, utility, and railroad
rights-of-way in forests.

5\. Control of vegetation in forest nurseries and riparian areas.

6\. Suppression of insects and diseases.

7\. Management of aquatic plants and fish.

[]{.mark}

On Forest service lands, Forest Service units applied a total of 163,015
lbs. of pesticides to 255,434 acres of National Forest System (NFS) land
throughout the United States. Based on 2005 California Pesticide Use
Data (CalPIP, 2006), approximately 91 thousand pounds of pesticides were
applied to California forests (public and private). Nearly 60% of the
total pounds applied in California were applied in the counties of
Shasta, Humboldt, Siskiyou, Trinity, and Lassen Counties, located in
northern California. MLRAs 4, 5 and 22 dominate northern California
forest lands.

Metfile W24283 is the closest meteorological data set available to
represent Northern California. The station was chosen for it's proximity
to Shasta county where most pesticide application occurs (CalPIP, 2006).
Its data were collected at the station in Arcata/Eureka, California,
located approximately 100 miles from the center of Shasta County. The
station is located approximately 62 meters above mean sea level and
receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 38 inches (NOAA,
2006). On average, December and January are the wettest months,
receiving approximately 30 percent of the annual precipitation (NOAA,
2006).

[]{.mark}

The Marpa series was selected for the scenario because it is a common
soil in the AOI (Table 5), is among the highest in erodibility, and
slope, and is listed as supporting timber production in California
(USDA, 1998). It is a Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Ultic
Haploxeralfs soil found on slopes of 5 to 75%, which includes 60%, the
maximum slope on which timber is harvested (D. Bakke, Pesticide-Use
Specialist and Invasive Plants Coordinator State and Private Forestry,
personal communication).

[]{.mark}

Marpa is a Hydrologic Group C soil. Approximately 52% of soils in the
AOI are in hydrologic groups A and B. Approximately 22% are in
hydrologic group C. The USLE K factor for Marpa soils is 0.37, which is
among the highest soil erodibilties in the AOI. Three soils in the AOI
have a USLEK greater than Marpa (Table 5), however they were not used
for modeling for several reasons. Inville (0.17-0.43) is a hydrologic
goup B soil, which is less preferable than C or D soils due to lower
curve numbers. Deven and Jellico, are less common than Marpa soils, and
do not include the maximum slope range on which timberlands are located.
Moreover, these soils do not generally support timber production as a
use based on the official soil series descriptions (USDA, 1997; USDA,
2003). Approximately 50% of soils in the AOI have a pH lower than Marpa
soils. However, soil pH is not currently a PRZM input parameter and is
not expected to often affect chemical fate in the acidic range. Marpa
soils have a litter layer one inch thick, an A horizon from 0 to 6
inches (0-15 cm) deep, a B horizon from 6 to 26 inches (15-66 cm) deep,
and a layer of fractured shale from 26 to 32 inches (66-81 cm) deep
(USDA, 1998). Scenario parameters are based on Marpa gravely loam,
Shasta County, CA (USDA, 2006c)

[]{.mark}

+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| **Table 1. PRZM |          |                                         |
| 3.12 Climate    |          |                                         |
| and Time        |          |                                         |
| Parameters for  |          |                                         |
| Northern        |          |                                         |
| California --   |          |                                         |
| Forestry.**     |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| **Parameter**   | *        | **Source/Comments**                     |
|                 | *Value** |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Starting Date   | Jan. 1,  | Meteorological File from Arcata/Eureka, |
|                 | 1961     | CA (W24283)                             |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Ending Date     | Dec. 31, | Meteorological File from Arcata/Eureka, |
|                 | 1990     | CA (W24283)                             |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Pan Evaporation | 0.76     | PRZM Manual Figure 5.1. Value           |
| Factor (PFAC)   |          | represents the mid-point of the range   |
|                 |          | of values for northern CA range (from   |
|                 |          | 0.73 to 0.79).                          |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Snowmelt Factor | 0.12     | PRZM Manual Table 5-1. Maximum value of |
| (SFAC)          |          | the minimum range of values             |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Minimum Depth   | 17.5 cm  | PRZM Manual Figure 5.2 (EPA, 1998). Set |
| of              |          | to the mid-point of the range of        |
|                 |          | values.                                 |
| Evaporation     |          |                                         |
| (ANETD)         |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+

[]{.mark}

+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| **Table 2. PRZM |          |                                         |
| 3.12 Erosion    |          |                                         |
| and Landscape   |          |                                         |
| Parameters for  |          |                                         |
| Northern        |          |                                         |
| California --   |          |                                         |
| Forestry.**     |          |                                         |
+=================+==========+=========================================+
| **Parameter**   | *        | **Source/Comments**                     |
|                 | *Value** |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Method to       | 4 (MUSS) | PRZM Manual (EPA, 1998)                 |
| Calculate       |          |                                         |
| Erosion         |          |                                         |
| (ERFLAG)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| USLE K Factor   | 0.37     | USDA NRCS Soil Data Mart                |
| (USLEK)         | tons     | (http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/)    |
|                 | EI^-1\*^ |                                         |
|                 |          | Value listed for the soil series Marpa. |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| USLE LS Factor  | 28.83    | LS equation (Haan and Barfield, 1978)   |
| (USLELS)        |          |                                         |
|                 |          | LS value for 40% slope and 400' slope   |
|                 |          | length                                  |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| USLE P Factor   | 1.0      | Practice factor does not exist for      |
| (USLEP)         |          | forestlands. Default for orchards with  |
|                 |          | no contour practices.                   |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Field Area      | 172 ha   | Area of Shipman Reservoir watershed     |
| (AFIELD)        |          | (EPA, 1999)                             |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| NRCS Hyetograph | 2        | PRZM Manual Figure 5.12 (EPA, 1998)     |
| (IREG)          |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Slope (SLP)     | 40%      | Marpa soils. Max slope range on which   |
|                 |          | pesticides are applied. (D. Bakke,      |
|                 |          | Pesticide-Use Specialist and Invasive   |
|                 |          | Plants Coordinator                      |
|                 |          |                                         |
|                 |          | State and Private Forestry)             |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Hydraulic       | 600 m    | Shipman Reservoir (EPA, 1999)           |
| Length (HL)     |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Irrigation Flag | 0        | Forestlands not irrigated.              |
| (IRFLAG)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| \* EI = 100     |          |                                         |
| ft-tons \* in/  |          |                                         |
| acre\*hr        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| []{.mark}       |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+

[]{.mark}

+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| **Table 3. PRZM |          |                                         |
| 3.12 Crop       |          |                                         |
| Parameters for  |          |                                         |
| Northern        |          |                                         |
| California --   |          |                                         |
| Forestry.**     |          |                                         |
+=================+==========+=========================================+
| **Parameter**   | *        | **Source/Comments**                     |
|                 | *Value** |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Initial Crop    | 1        | Set to one for all crops (EPA, 2004).   |
| (INICRP)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Initial Surface | 3        | 3 = Residue. Brush and debris are left  |
| Condition       |          | behind.                                 |
|                 |          |                                         |
| (ISCOND)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Number of       | 1        | Set to number of crops in simulation.   |
| Different Crops |          |                                         |
| (NDC)           |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Number of       | 30       | Set to weather data in meteorological   |
| Cropping        |          | file: Arcata/Eureka, CA (W24283)        |
| Periods (NCPDS) |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Maximum         | 0.25     | Recommended value for orchards (EPA,    |
| rainfall        |          | 2004). In line with empirical data from |
| interception    |          | Dunne and Leopold (1978) for coniferous |
| storage of crop |          | forests.                                |
| (CINTCP)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Maximum Active  | 66 cm    | Tree species such as Douglas fir have   |
| Root Depth      |          | deep roots depending on soil depth      |
| (AMXDR)         |          | (Harlow, et al., 1991). Value is        |
|                 |          | constrained by the scenario soil depth. |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Maximum Canopy  | 100      | 100% canopy coverage for coniferous,    |
| Coverage        |          | evergreen woodlands.                    |
| (COVMAX)        |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Soil Surface    | 3        | 3 = Residue. Brush and debris are left  |
| Condition After |          | behind.                                 |
| Harvest (ICNAH) |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Date of Crop    | 01/01    | Coniferous forests dominate Northern    |
| Emergence       |          | California. Values are set to keep E/T  |
|                 |          | and canopy coverage terms working       |
| (EMD, EMM,      |          | correctly for this evergreen scenario.  |
| IYREM)          |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Date of Crop    | 02/01    | Coniferous forests dominate Northern    |
| Maturity        |          | California. Values are set to keep E/T  |
|                 |          | and canopy coverage terms working       |
| (MAD, MAM,      |          | correctly for this evergreen scenario.  |
| IYRMAT)         |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Date of Crop    | 31/12    | Coniferous forests dominate Northern    |
| Harvest (HAD,   |          | California. Values are set to keep E/T  |
| HAM, IYRHAR)    |          | and canopy coverage terms working       |
|                 |          | correctly for this evergreen scenario.  |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Maximum Dry     | 0.0      | Not used in scenario                    |
| Weight (WFMAX)  |          |                                         |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Maximum Canopy  | 5,486    | Firs in California/Pacific Northwest    |
| Height (HTMAX)  | (180 ft) | can be as high as 180 feet. (Harlow, et |
|                 |          | al., 1991)                              |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| SCS Curve       | 77, 77,  | TR-55 (Table 2-2c). Curve number for    |
| Number (CN)     | 77       | woodlands, poor condition, hydrologic   |
|                 |          | group C. No fallow condition. (USDA,    |
|                 |          | 1986).                                  |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Manning's N     | 0.040    | RUSLE Project; A20OFOFNfor Eureka       |
| Value (MNGN)    |          | orchard with full cover (USDA, 2000).   |
|                 |          | These data were used to approximate     |
|                 |          | values in forest values, as no data for |
|                 |          | forest covers were included in the      |
|                 |          | project.                                |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
| USLE C Factor   | 0.006 -  | RUSLE Project; A20OFOFNfor Eureka       |
| (USLEC)         | 0.049    | orchard with full cover (USDA, 2000).   |
|                 |          | These data were used to approximate     |
|                 |          | values in forest values, as no data for |
|                 |          | forest covers were included in the      |
|                 |          | project.                                |
+-----------------+----------+-----------------------------------------+

[]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| []{.mark}     |                   |                                 |
|               |                   |                                 |
| **Table 4.    |                   |                                 |
| PRZM 3.12     |                   |                                 |
| Marpa Soil    |                   |                                 |
| Parameters    |                   |                                 |
| for Northern  |                   |                                 |
| California -  |                   |                                 |
| Forestry**    |                   |                                 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| **Parameter** | **Value**         | **Source/Comments**             |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Total Soil    | 66 cm             | Marpa gravely loam, Shasta      |
| Depth (CORED) |                   | County, CA. Number range        |
|               |                   | CHAPTERNRCS Soil Data Mart      |
|               |                   | Database                        |
|               |                   | (<http:/                        |
|               |                   | /soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/>). |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Number of     | 3                 | Marpa gravely loam, Shasta      |
| Horizons      |                   | County, CA. Number range        |
| (NHORIZ)      |                   | CHAPTERNRCS Soil Data Mart      |
|               |                   | Database                        |
|               |                   | (<http:/                        |
|               |                   | /soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/>). |
|               |                   | The A horizon spans scenario    |
|               |                   | horizons 1 and 2 in order to    |
|               |                   | conform to PRZM input           |
|               |                   | requirements. A layer of        |
|               |                   | fractured shale extends from 66 |
|               |                   | to 81 cm deep (USDA, 1998) and  |
|               |                   | is not included in this         |
|               |                   | scenario.                       |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Horizon       | 10 cm (HORIZN =   | Number range CHAPTERNRCS Soil   |
| Thickness     | 1)                | Data Mart Database              |
| (THKNS)       |                   | (<http:/                        |
|               | 23 cm (HORIZN =   | /soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/>). |
|               | 2)                |                                 |
|               |                   |                                 |
|               | 33 cm (HORIZN =   |                                 |
|               | 3)                |                                 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Bulk Density  | 1.40 g/cm^3^      | NRCS SDM; values are mean       |
| (BD)          | (HORIZN = 1)      | 1/3-bar moist bulk densities of |
|               |                   | a soil sampled as a Marpa soil. |
|               | 1.40 g/cm^3^      |                                 |
|               | (HORIZN = 2)      |                                 |
|               |                   |                                 |
|               | 1.43 g/cm^3^      |                                 |
|               | (HORIZN = 3)      |                                 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Initial Water | 0.215 cm^3^/cm^3^ | NRCS SDM; values are mean       |
| Content       | (HORIZN =1)       | 1/3-bar water contents of a     |
| (THETO)       |                   | soil sampled as a Marpa soil.   |
|               | 0.215 cm^3^/cm^3^ |                                 |
|               | (HORIZN =2)       |                                 |
|               |                   |                                 |
|               | 0.159 cm^3^/cm^3^ |                                 |
|               | (HORIZN =3)       |                                 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Compartment   | 0.1 cm (HORIZN =  | NRCS SDM                        |
| Thickness     | 1)                |                                 |
| (DPN)         |                   |                                 |
|               | 1.0 cm (HORIZN =  |                                 |
|               | 2)                |                                 |
|               |                   |                                 |
|               | 3.0 cm (HORIZN =  |                                 |
|               | 3)                |                                 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Field         | 0.215 cm^3^/cm^3^ | NRCS SDM; values are mean       |
| Capacity      | (HORIZN =1)       | 1/3-bar water contents of a     |
| (THEFC)       |                   | soil sampled as a Marpa soil.   |
|               | 0.215 cm^3^/cm^3^ |                                 |
|               | (HORIZN =2)       |                                 |
|               |                   |                                 |
|               | 0.159 cm^3^/cm^3^ |                                 |
|               | (HORIZN =3)       |                                 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Wilting Point | 0.103 cm^3^/cm^3^ | NRCS SDM; values are mean       |
| (THEWP)       | (HORIZN =1)       | 15-bar water contents for Marpa |
|               |                   | soil.                           |
|               | 0.103 cm^3^/cm^3^ |                                 |
|               | (HORIZN =2)       |                                 |
|               |                   |                                 |
|               | 0.093 cm^3^/cm^3^ |                                 |
|               | (HORIZN =3)       |                                 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+
| Organic       | 1.16% (HORIZN =   | NRCS SDM; values = mean %OM /   |
| Carbon        | 1)                | 1.724.                          |
| Content (OC)  |                   |                                 |
|               | 1.16% (HORIZN =   |                                 |
|               | 2)                |                                 |
|               |                   |                                 |
|               | 0.49% (HORIZN =   |                                 |
|               | 3)                |                                 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------------------------+

[]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

***Sensitive Parameter Uncertainties***

[Slope]{.underline}

The typical slope that timber is harvested on is 40%. The maximum slope
of timber lands where pesticides are applied is generally 60%. However,
60% is too high and outside the range of what PRZM can handle therefore
the more typical slope was selected.

[USLE C Factor and Manning's N Value]{.underline}

The RUSLE Project did not include data for forest cover. Therefore, USLE
C Factor and Manning's N values were selected from data on northern
California orchards with full cover, due to the similarities between
conditions. Of the available locations, Eureka has the most similar
weather conditions to this scenario and full cover.

[]{.mark}

[USLE LS Factor]{.underline}

The scenario USLELS value was calculated with the Haan and Barfield
equation (1978) using a 60% slope and an assumed 400-foot slope length,
as per PRZM scenario development guidance (EPA, 2004). LS values for
slopes longer than 300 feet or steeper than 18% are extrapolations
beyond the research data range, however, which increases uncertainty in
them. A 60% slope combined with a 400-foot slope length is so far past
the research data range that the uncertainty in the calculated value is
very great.

[]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

**Figure 1. California forestlands by major forest type, including
MLRAs.**

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table 5. Soils of northern California (Shasta, Humboldt, Siskiyou,                                                                                                    
  Trinity, Lassen counties).**                                                                                                                                            
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ------- ---------- ------------- -------- --------- ---------- ----------- ----------- -----------
  Soil                                                                   Total     \% Area Drainage   Erodibility   Slopes   pH        OM (%)     \% Sand     \% Silt     \% Clay
                                                                         Acreage                                    (%)                                                   

  CLALLAM FAMILY                                                         360,237   3.20%   B          0.37          10-100   5.8-6.8   2-3        42.1        37.9        20

  ROCK OUTCROP                                                           310,966   2.76%   D          0.02          0-100    \-        0          \-          \-          \-

  [COHASSET](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/C/COHASSET.html)     242,059   2.15%   B          0.24-0.37     2-75     5.8-6.1   4-6        42.1        37.9        20

  [TROJAN](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/T/TROJAN.html)         177,595   1.58%   B          0.24-0.37     0-50     6.1-6.3   2-2.5      41.4-65.9   19.1-37.1   15-21.5

  [JELLYCAMP](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/J/JELLYCAMP.html)   164,694   1.46%   D          0.24-0.37     2-15     7.2       1.5        39.2-67.9   19.6-37.7   12.5-23.5

  HOLLAND FAMILY                                                         162,062   1.44%   B          0.28-0.37     0-100    5.5-6.8   2-3        42.1-65.9   19.1-37.9   15-20

  SKALAN FAMILY                                                          154,137   1.37%   B/C        0.32-0.37     0-70     5.8-6.2   2-3        42.1-65.9   19.1-37.9   15-20

  [SHELD](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/S/SHELD.html)           153,928   1.37%   B          0.24          0-70     5.8-6     2.5-5      68.8        23.7        7.5-8

  [YORKVILLE](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/Y/YORKVILLE.html)   149,382   1.33%   D          0.32          15-50    6.7       1.5        39.2        37.3        23.5

  [MCCARTHY](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/M/MCCARTHY.html)     145,862   1.30%   B          0.24          2-75     6.1-6.1   6          45-66.9     15.2-45     10-18

  [HOPLAND](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/H/HOPLAND.html)       138,687   1.23%   B          0.37          15-75    6.5       3          42.1        37.9        20

  [INVILLE](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/I/INVILLE.html)       135,030   1.20%   B          0.17-0.43     0-50     6.1-6.6   1.5-2.5    67.8-67.9   19.6-22.2   10-15

  [WACA](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/W/WACA.html)             132,908   1.18%   B          0.2           2-50     6.1       9          65.7        22.8        11.5

  [MAYMEN](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/M/MAYMEN.html)         130,579   1.16%   D          0.24-0.32     9-75     5.6-6.1   0.75-1.5   43-67.2     15.3-39.5   17.5

  DEADWOOD FAMILY                                                        124,362   1.10%   B/D        0.37          30-100   5.8-6     2-3        26.5-42.1   37.9-53.5   20

  WAPI FAMILY                                                            118,835   1.06%   D          0.24          10-85    6.5       2          80.2        16.8        3

  [LASSEN](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/L/LASSEN.html)         115,594   1.03%   D          0.37          2-50     7.2       1.5        22.1        27.9-27.9   50

  [MARPA](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/M/MARPA.html)           114,878   1.02%   C          0.37          5-75     6.1-6.5   1.25-2     42.1-59.6   17.9-37.9   20-22.5

  [DUZEL](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/D/DUZEL.html)           110,325   0.98%   C          0.37          5-50     6.5       1.5        44.8        41.2        14

  [HURLBUT](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/H/HURLBUT.html)       104,649   0.93%   C          0.32-0.37     2-75     5.8       2          39.8-68.1   14.4-37.7   17.5-22.5

  HUGO FAMILY                                                            100,935   0.90%   B/C        0.32-0.37     15-70    5.5-5.8   2          21.3-42.1   37.9-54.7   20-24

  [WINDY](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/W/WINDY.html)           90,798    0.81%   B          0.2           8-75     5.5-6.5   9          65.7-66.9   15.2-23.1   10-18

  AIKEN FAMILY                                                           90,686    0.81%   B/C        0.37          2-70     6-6.3     2-6        42.1        37.9        20

  [KLICKER](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/K/KLICKER.html)       89,750    0.80%   B          0.37          0-70     6.6       2.5        \-          \-          16

  [YORKTREE](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/Y/YORKTREE.html)     85,243    0.76%   C          0.37          15-75    6.5       3          39.2        37.3        23.5

  [HOLLAND](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/H/HOLLAND.html)       77,712    0.69%   B          0.28-0.37     0-70     5.8-7     2.5-3.5    43-65.9     19.1-38.5   15-20

  [BURROIN](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/B/BURROIN.html)       77,547    0.69%   C          0.24          2-50     5.4-5.6   5-80       15-41.1     36.9-75     10-22

  [TOOMES](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/T/TOOMES.html)         77,028    0.68%   D          0.37          2-50     6.1       1.5        43          38.5        18.5

  [YALLIANI](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/Y/YALLIANI.html)     76,572    0.68%   B          0.28          0-70     6.5       2.5        \-          \-          12

  [SANHEDRIN](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/S/SANHEDRIN.html)   76,501    0.68%   B          0.37          2-75     6.1       1.5        41.4        37.1        21.5

  [DEADWOOD](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/D/DEADWOOD.html)     76,123    0.68%   D          0.24          30-75    6.1       2          65.9        19.1        15

  JAYEL FAMILY                                                           75,300    0.67%   C          0.37          5-60     6         3          33.3        31.7        35

  [NEUNS](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/N/NEUNS.html)           74,236    0.66%   C          0.24-0.37     15-80    5.6-5.8   0.75-8     42.1-65.7   22.8-43.2   11.5-20

  [MARIPOSA](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/M/MARIPOSA.html)     74,044    0.66%   C          0.37          5-75     5.8-6.7   2          44.3        40.7        15

  [KYBURZ](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/K/KYBURZ.html)         73,769    0.66%   B          0.24          2-50     6.1       3          44.8-66.8   19.2-41.2   14

  CHAIX FAMILY                                                           72,630    0.64%   A/B        0.24-0.37     2-100    5.8-6.8   3-4        66.9-67.9   19.1-23.1   10-13

  [MEISS](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/M/MEISS.html)           72,625    0.64%   D          0.24          2-75     6.5       2.5        \-          \-          \-

  TOEM FAMILY                                                            71,106    0.63%   C          0.24          2-55     6.3       4          79          18          3

  HAYPRESS FAMILY                                                        68,186    0.61%   B          0.2           2-85     7         2          80.2        16.8        3

  [CASABONNE](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/C/CASABONNE.html)   68,158    0.61%   B          0.37          9-75     6.1       4          41.6        37.4        21

  SATTLEY FAMILY                                                         68,099    0.60%   B          0.37          0-80     6.3       2          42.1        37.9        20

  [KARCAL](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/K/KARCAL.html)         65,530    0.58%   C/D        0.28-0.37     0-15     7-7.6     0.75       5.3-22.1    27.9-44.7   50

  [KINDIG](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/K/KINDIG.html)         63,870    0.57%   B          0.24-0.37     15-80    6.5       3          45.8-66.9   23.1-43.7   10-10.5

  [DEVEN](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/D/DEVEN.html)           62,822    0.56%   D          0.37-0.43     0-50     6.7-7     2          35.4-39.2   33.6-37.3   23.5-31

  [CHAIX](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/C/CHAIX.html)           61,703    0.55%   B          0.24-0.28     5-70     6.1-6.2   4          66.9-67.8   22.2-23.1   10

  [HUNSINGER](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/H/HUNSINGER.html)   61,635    0.55%   B          0.24          2-50     6.7       3.5        67.9        19.6        12.5

  WACA FAMILY                                                            60,767    0.54%   B          0.28          0-85     6.8       3          65.6        29.4        5

  INVILLE FAMILY                                                         60,610    0.54%   B          0.37          10-50    7         2          42.1        37.9        20

  [SCARFACE](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/S/SCARFACE.html)     58,603    0.52%   B          0.24          2-30     6.7       4          \-          \-          \-

  [JELLICO](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/J/JELLICO.html)       57,826    0.51%   C          0.55          5-50     6.7       2          29.1        53.4        17.5

  [AIKEN](http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/A/AIKEN.html)           57,552    0.51%   B          0.24-0.37     2-50     6.1-6.1   6          39.2        37.3-37.3   23.5
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

***Contacts:***

[]{.mark}

**David Bakke**

Pesticide-Use Specialist and Invasive Plants Coordinator

State and Private Forestry

USDA Forest Service

1323 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592

Phone: (707) 562-8916

Fax: (707) 562-9054

Email: <dbakke@fs.fed.us>

***Works Cited***

CalPIP. 2006. 2005 Pesticide Usage Reporting. California Pesticide
Information Portal, CA Department of Pesticide Regulation. Accessed
December 4, 2006. Online at:
<http://calpip.cdpr.ca.gov/cfdocs/calpip/prod/main.cfm>.

Dunne, T., and L. Leopold. 1978. Water in Environmental Planning. W.H.
Freeman an Company, New York. 818 pp.

EPA. 1998. Carsel, R.F., J.C. Imhoff, P.R. Hummel, J.M. Cheplick, and
A.S. Donigian, Jr. PRZM-3, A Model for Predicting Pesticide and Nitrogen
Fate in the Crop Root and Unsaturated Soil Zones: Users Manual for
Release 3.0. National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research
and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA.

EPA. 1999. Jones, R.D., J. Breithaupt, J. Carleton, L. Libelo, J. Lin,
R. Matzner, and R. Parker. Guidance for Use of the Index Reservoir in
Drinking Water Exposure Assessments. Environmental Fate and Effects
Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.

EPA. 2004. Abel, S.A. Procedure for Conducting Quality Assurance and
Quality Control of Existing and New PRZM Field and Orchard Crop Standard
Scenarios. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide
Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

Haan, C.T. and B.J. Barfield. 1978. Hydrology and Sedimentology of
Surface Mined Lands. Office of Continuing Education and Extension,
College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506. pp
286.

Harlow, W., Harrar, W., Hardin, J., and F. White. 1991. Textbook of
Dendrology: Covering the important forest trees of the United States and
Canada. McGraw-Hill. 501 pp.

NOAA. 2006. Climate Normals at Major Weather Observing Stations in all
50 States, Puerto Rico, and Pacific Islands. National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Environmental Satellite, Data, and
Information Service. Online at:
[http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ccd-data](http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ccd-data/).

USDA Soil Conservation Service. 1986. Urban Hydrology for Small
Watersheds. Technical Release 55, 2nd edition, June 1986.

USDA. 1997. Official Series Description -- DEVIN Series. U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Feb.
1997. Online at: <http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/D/DEVEN.html>.

USDA. 1998. Official Series Description -- MARPA Series. U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Aug 1998.
Online at: <http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/M/MARPA.html>.

USDA. 2000. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) EPA Pesticide
Project. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) and Agricultural Research Service (ARS).

USDA. 2003. Official Series Description -- JELLICO Series. U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service
(NRCS). Mar. 2003. Online at:
<http://ortho.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/osd/dat/J/JELLICO.html>.

USDA. 2006a. 2005 Forest Health Highlights of California. Online at:
<http://fhm.fs.fed.us/fhh/fhh-05/ca/ca_05.pdf>

USDA. 2006b. USDA Forest Health Protection Program. United States Forest
Service. Online at: <http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/pesticide/>

USDA. 2006c. Soil Survey Areas of Northern California. U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Soil Data
Mart. December 1, 2006. Online at: http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov.