+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ##### Ani         |                                                  |
| mals in Disasters |                                                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| MODULE A\         | The Four Phases of\                              |
| UNIT 3            | Emergency Management                             |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Ov             | This unit covers ways in which emergency          |
| erview {#overvie | management can be applied to individuals and      |
| w .Animals-head} | communities. It implies that much of what will    |
|                  | happen in an emergency or a disaster can be       |
|                  | predicted. This knowledge allows individuals and  |
|                  | communities to anticipate the types of disasters  |
|                  | that are likely to affect them, and to think of   |
|                  | ways to reduce the impact, or prevent disasters   |
|                  | altogether.                                       |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | Family and community disaster preparedness is     |
|                  | often referred to as emergency preparedness, and  |
|                  | involves thinking about hazards that threaten     |
|                  | your safety at home and in your community and     |
|                  | developing a preparedness plan for your family.   |
|                  | For many, animals are an important part of their  |
|                  | families and their livelihood. Therefore, animals |
|                  | should be included in a preparedness plan.        |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Object         | Upon completion of this unit you should be able   |
| ives {#objective | to:                                               |
| s .Animals-head} |                                                   |
|                  | -   Define emergency management                   |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Define the four phases of emergency           |
|                  |     management and describe activities associated |
|                  |     with each phase                               |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Describe the organization of emergency        |
|                  |     management at the local, State and Federal    |
|                  |     levels                                        |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Discuss the ways in which emergency           |
|                  |     management at the local, State and Federal    |
|                  |     levels work together and form a partnership   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

+------------------+---+---------------------+----------------------------+
| # Historical b   |   | Emergency           |                            |
| ackground on eme |   | management was      |                            |
| rgency managemen |   | institutionalized   |                            |
| t {#historical-b |   | in 1979 with the    |                            |
| ackground-on-eme |   | creation of the     |                            |
| rgency-managemen |   | Federal Emergency   |                            |
| t .Animals-head} |   | Management Agency   |                            |
|                  |   | (FEMA). Five        |                            |
| #  {#sectio      |   | Federal agencies    |                            |
| n .Animals-head} |   | that dealt with     |                            |
|                  |   | many types of       |                            |
|                  |   | emergencies         |                            |
|                  |   | consolidated to     |                            |
|                  |   | form FEMA. Since    |                            |
|                  |   | that time, many     |                            |
|                  |   | State and local     |                            |
|                  |   | organizations have  |                            |
|                  |   | changed the names   |                            |
|                  |   | of their            |                            |
|                  |   | organizations to    |                            |
|                  |   | include the words:  |                            |
|                  |   | emergency           |                            |
|                  |   | management.         |                            |
|                  |   |                     |                            |
|                  |   | The name change     |                            |
|                  |   | indicates a change  |                            |
|                  |   | in orientation from |                            |
|                  |   | specialized         |                            |
|                  |   | preparedness for    |                            |
|                  |   | single or narrowly  |                            |
|                  |   | defined categories  |                            |
|                  |   | of hazards toward   |                            |
|                  |   | an *all-hazards*    |                            |
|                  |   | approach that       |                            |
|                  |   | includes potential  |                            |
|                  |   | threats to life and |                            |
|                  |   | property through    |                            |
|                  |   | environmental and   |                            |
|                  |   | technological       |                            |
|                  |   | hazards, and        |                            |
|                  |   | domestic and        |                            |
|                  |   | foreign attacks.    |                            |
|                  |   | This change         |                            |
|                  |   | reflects not a      |                            |
|                  |   | *reduction* in      |                            |
|                  |   | security, but an    |                            |
|                  |   | increased emphasis  |                            |
|                  |   | on making the       |                            |
|                  |   | nation's emergency  |                            |
|                  |   | management          |                            |
|                  |   | capability          |                            |
|                  |   | responsive to any   |                            |
|                  |   | major emergency.    |                            |
|                  |   |                     |                            |
|                  |   | The concept of      |                            |
|                  |   | *emergency          |                            |
|                  |   | management*         |                            |
|                  |   | consists of three   |                            |
|                  |   | interrelated        |                            |
|                  |   | components, as      |                            |
|                  |   | shown in this       |                            |
|                  |   | table.              |                            |
+------------------+---+---------------------+----------------------------+
|                  | A |                     | There are many common      |
|                  | l |                     | features of technological  |
|                  | l |                     | and natural disasters and  |
|                  | t |                     | attack, suggesting that    |
|                  | y |                     | many of the same           |
|                  | p |                     | management strategies can  |
|                  | e |                     | apply to all emergencies.  |
|                  | s |                     |                            |
|                  | o |                     |                            |
|                  | f |                     |                            |
|                  | h |                     |                            |
|                  | a |                     |                            |
|                  | z |                     |                            |
|                  | a |                     |                            |
|                  | r |                     |                            |
|                  | d |                     |                            |
|                  | s |                     |                            |
+------------------+---+---------------------+----------------------------+
|                  | A |                     | Finding resources for      |
|                  | n |                     | disaster management        |
|                  | e |                     | requires a partnership     |
|                  | m |                     | among all levels of        |
|                  | e |                     | government (local, State,  |
|                  | r |                     | and Federal) and the       |
|                  | g |                     | private sector (business   |
|                  | e |                     | and industry, voluntary    |
|                  | n |                     | organizations, and the     |
|                  | c |                     | public). This approach     |
|                  | y |                     | also allows the disaster   |
|                  | m |                     | victims to contribute to   |
|                  | a |                     | emergency management       |
|                  | n |                     | solutions. Emergency       |
|                  | a |                     | managers and the           |
|                  | g |                     | animal-care community can  |
|                  | e |                     | collaborate in such a      |
|                  | m |                     | partnership.               |
|                  | e |                     |                            |
|                  | n |                     |                            |
|                  | t |                     |                            |
|                  | p |                     |                            |
|                  | a |                     |                            |
|                  | r |                     |                            |
|                  | t |                     |                            |
|                  | n |                     |                            |
|                  | e |                     |                            |
|                  | r |                     |                            |
|                  | s |                     |                            |
|                  | h |                     |                            |
|                  | i |                     |                            |
|                  | p |                     |                            |
+------------------+---+---------------------+----------------------------+
|                  | A |                     | Disasters do not just      |
|                  | n |                     | appear one day --- they    |
|                  | e |                     | exist throughout time and  |
|                  | m |                     | have a life cycle of       |
|                  | e |                     | occurrence. This cycle is  |
|                  | r |                     | matched by a series of     |
|                  | g |                     | management phases:         |
|                  | e |                     | establish strategies to    |
|                  | n |                     | mitigate hazards; prepare  |
|                  | c |                     | for and respond to         |
|                  | y |                     | emergencies; and recover   |
|                  | l |                     | from effects.              |
|                  | i |                     |                            |
|                  | f |                     |                            |
|                  | e |                     |                            |
|                  | c |                     |                            |
|                  | y |                     |                            |
|                  | c |                     |                            |
|                  | l |                     |                            |
|                  | e |                     |                            |
+------------------+---+---------------------+----------------------------+

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Legal responsi | Many States require that local jurisdictions      |
| bilities {#legal | provide for the position of emergency program     |
| -responsibilitie | manager. At each level of government, laws define |
| s .Animals-head} | the responsibility and authority of emergency     |
|                  | managers and management programs.                 |
| #  {#section-    |                                                   |
| 1 .Animals-head} | If you know how emergency management works at the |
|                  | various governmental levels, you can coordinate   |
|                  | your personal preparedness plans with official    |
|                  | community plans. You may even become a part of    |
|                  | your local or State emergency management program. |
|                  | Coordination of knowledge, resources and          |
|                  | expertise between government officials and the    |
|                  | private sector is a basic principle of emergency  |
|                  | management.                                       |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| #                | Since World War II emergency management has       |
| The four phases  | focused primarily on preparedness. Often this     |
| of emergency man | involved preparing for enemy attack. Community    |
| agement {#the-fo | preparedness for all disasters requires           |
| ur-phases-of-eme | identifying resources and expertise in advance,   |
| rgency-managemen | and planning how these can be used in a disaster. |
| t .Animals-head} | However, preparedness is only one phase of        |
|                  | emergency management. Current thinking defines    |
| #  {#section-    | four phases of emergency management: mitigation,  |
| 2 .Animals-head} | preparedness, response, and recovery. There are   |
|                  | entire courses on each of these phases.           |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | The following diagram illustrates the four phases |
|                  | of emergency management.                          |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

> The Four Phases of Emergency Management
>
> The following table briefly describes each of these phases.

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Th             |                                                   |
| e Four Phases of |                                                   |
|  Emergency Manag |                                                   |
| ement {#the-four |                                                   |
| -phases-of-emerg |                                                   |
| ency-management- |                                                   |
| 1 .Animals-head} |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Mitigation       | -   Includes any activities that prevent an       |
|                  |     emergency, reduce the chance of an emergency  |
| Preventing       |     happening, or reduce the damaging effects of  |
| future           |     unavoidable emergencies.                      |
| emergencies or   |                                                   |
| minimizing their | -   Buying flood and fire insurance for your home |
| effects          |     is a mitigation activity.                     |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Mitigation activities take place **before**   |
|                  |     and **after** emergencies.                    |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Preparedness     | -   Includes plans or preparations made to save   |
|                  |     lives and to help response and rescue         |
| Preparing to     |     operations.                                   |
| handle an        |                                                   |
| emergency        | -   Evacuation plans and stocking food and water  |
|                  |     are both examples of preparedness.            |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Preparedness activities take place **before** |
|                  |     an emergency occurs.                          |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Response         | -   Includes actions taken to save lives and      |
|                  |     prevent further property damage in an         |
| Responding       |     emergency situation. Response is putting your |
| safely to an     |     preparedness plans into action.               |
| emergency        |                                                   |
|                  | -   Seeking shelter from a tornado or turning off |
|                  |     gas valves in an earthquake are both response |
|                  |     activities.                                   |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Response activities take place **during** an  |
|                  |     emergency.                                    |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Recovery         | -   Includes actions taken to return to a normal  |
|                  |     or an even safer situation following an       |
| Recovering from  |     emergency.                                    |
| an emergency     |                                                   |
|                  | -   Recovery includes getting financial           |
|                  |     assistance to help pay for the repairs.       |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Recovery activities take place **after** an   |
|                  |     emergency.                                    |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Mitiga         | This phase includes any activities that prevent   |
| tion {#mitigatio | an emergency, reduce the likelihood of            |
| n .Animals-head} | occurrence, or reduce the damaging effects of     |
|                  | unavoidable hazards. Mitigation activities should |
|                  | be considered long before an emergency.           |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | For example, to mitigate fire in your home,       |
|                  | follow safety standards in selecting building     |
|                  | materials, wiring, and appliances. But, an        |
|                  | accident involving fire could happen. To protect  |
|                  | yourself and your animals from the costly burden  |
|                  | of rebuilding after a fire, you should buy fire   |
|                  | insurance. These actions reduce the danger and    |
|                  | damaging effects of fire.                         |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Preparedne     | This phase includes developing plans for what to  |
| ss {#preparednes | do, where to go, or who to call for help before   |
| s .Animals-head} | an event occurs; actions that will improve your   |
|                  | chances of successfully dealing with an           |
|                  | emergency. For instance, posting emergency        |
|                  | telephone numbers, holding disaster drills, and   |
|                  | installing smoke detectors are all preparedness   |
|                  | measures. Other examples include identifying      |
|                  | where you would be able to shelter your animals   |
|                  | in a disaster. You should also consider preparing |
|                  | a disaster kit with essential supplies for your   |
|                  | family and animals.                               |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Re             | Your safety and well-being in an emergency depend |
| sponse {#respons | on how prepared you are and on how you respond to |
| e .Animals-head} | a crisis. By being able to act responsibly and    |
|                  | safely, you will be able to protect yourself,     |
|                  | your family, others around you and your animals.  |
|                  | Taking cover and holding tight in an earthquake,  |
|                  | moving to the basement with your pets in a        |
|                  | tornado, and safely leading horses away from a    |
|                  | wildfire are examples of safe response. These     |
|                  | actions can save lives.                           |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Re             | After an emergency and once the immediate danger  |
| covery {#recover | is over, your continued safety and well-being     |
| y .Animals-head} | will depend on your ability to cope with          |
|                  | rearranging your life and environment. During the |
|                  | recovery period, you must take care of yourself   |
|                  | and your animals to prevent stress-related        |
|                  | illnesses and excessive financial burdens. During |
|                  | recovery, you should also consider things to do   |
|                  | that would lessen (mitigate) the effects of       |
|                  | future disasters.                                 |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # What makes     | Emergency management works when you and your      |
| emergency manage | local, State and Federal government fulfill       |
| ment work? {#wha | emergency management responsibilities. Voluntary  |
| t-makes-emergenc | organizations also have important                 |
| y-management-wor | responsibilities during disasters. This next      |
| k .Animals-head} | section describes responsibilities at each of     |
|                  | these levels.                                     |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Pers           | Animals owners have the ultimate responsibility   |
| onal responsibil | for their animals. Community disaster             |
| ities {#personal | preparedness plans try to incorporate the care of |
| -responsibilitie | animals and their owners in their plans, but      |
| s .Animals-head} | plans can only coordinate care --- they cannot    |
|                  | always provide it. The best way to be prepared is |
| #  {#section-    | to create a personal emergency plan that includes |
| 3 .Animals-head} | provisions to care for your animals. You can      |
|                  | learn how to prepare such a plan from your local  |
|                  | American Red Cross office, your local emergency   |
|                  | management agency and numerous other groups. Some |
|                  | classes are listed in the appendix. Once you      |
|                  | develop your personal emergency management plan,  |
|                  | you may:                                          |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Be prepared to deal with the four phases of   |
|                  |     most emergencies;                             |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Find it much easier to understand the actions |
|                  |     of official emergency managers; and           |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Help with the official response.              |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Loca           | Local governments make plans and provide          |
| l government res | resources to protect their citizens from the      |
| ponsibilities {# | hazards that threaten their communities. This is  |
| local-government | done through mitigation activities, preparedness  |
| -responsibilitie | plans, response to emergencies, and recovery      |
| s .Animals-head} | operations. Wherever you live within the United   |
|                  | States, a county or municipal agency has been     |
| #  {#section-    | designated as your local emergency management     |
| 4 .Animals-head} | agency. The local government level is the most    |
|                  | important at which to develop emergency           |
|                  | management plans because local governments serve  |
|                  | as the link between you and the State and Federal |
|                  | agencies in the emergency management network.     |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | Local law will specify a chain of command in      |
|                  | emergencies. It will spell out who reports to     |
|                  | whom. The chief executive officer or jurisdiction |
|                  | manager is charged with creating effective        |
|                  | emergency services.                               |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | The following table lists responsibilities of     |
|                  | local governments in terms of emergency           |
|                  | management.                                       |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ###### Local Government Responsibilities                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| -   Identifying hazards and assessing their potential risk to the     |
|     community.                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| -   Determining the community's capability to mitigate against,       |
|     prepare for, respond to, and recover from major emergencies.      |
|                                                                       |
| -   Identifying and employing methods to improve the community's      |
|     emergency management capability through efficient use of          |
|     resources, improved coordination, and cooperation with other      |
|     communities and with the State and Federal governments.           |
|                                                                       |
| -   Establishing mitigation measures such as building codes, zoning   |
|     ordinances, or land-use management programs.                      |
|                                                                       |
| -   Developing and coordinating preparedness plans.                   |
|                                                                       |
| -   Establishing warning systems.                                     |
|                                                                       |
| -   Stocking emergency supplies and equipment.                        |
|                                                                       |
| -   Educating the public and training emergency personnel.            |
|                                                                       |
| -   Assessing damage caused by the emergency.                         |
|                                                                       |
| -   Activating response plans and rescue operations.                  |
|                                                                       |
| -   Ensuring that shelter and medical assistance are provided.        |
|                                                                       |
| -   Recovering from the emergency and helping citizens return to      |
|     normal life as soon as possible.                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  | You can assist your community in developing and   |
|                  | improving community disaster plans for the care   |
|                  | of animals and their owners by doing the          |
|                  | following.                                        |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Find out who your emergency manager and       |
|                  |     animal industry representatives are;          |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Determine how these groups perceive hazards   |
|                  |     in your community;                            |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Review with the emergency manager and         |
|                  |     animal-care groups in your community the most |
|                  |     important areas of need to provide care for   |
|                  |     animals and their owners in disasters; and    |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Determine where you might fit in and be able  |
|                  |     to help your community as a whole.            |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | Working with local emergency managers before a    |
|                  | disaster strikes can help all animal owners       |
|                  | during a disaster.                                |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Stat           | The State emergency management office is          |
| e government res | responsible for protecting communities and        |
| ponsibilities {# | citizens within the State. The State office       |
| state-government | carries out statewide emergency management        |
| -responsibilitie | activities, helps coordinate emergency management |
| s .Animals-head} | activities involving more than one community, or  |
|                  | assists individual communities when they need     |
| #  {#section-    | help. If any community lacks the resources needed |
| 5 .Animals-head} | to protect itself or to recover from a disaster,  |
|                  | the State may help with money, personnel, or      |
|                  | other resources.                                  |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | Financial assistance is available on a            |
|                  | supplemental basis through an application         |
|                  | process. The Governor reviews the local           |
|                  | government's application, studies the damage      |
|                  | estimates and, if appropriate, declares the area  |
|                  | a State disaster. This official declaration makes |
|                  | State resources available. However, if damages    |
|                  | are so extensive that the combined local and      |
|                  | State resources are not sufficient, the Governor  |
|                  | applies to the President for Federal disaster     |
|                  | assistance. If the need for Federal assistance    |
|                  | funds is justified, the President issues a major  |
|                  | disaster declaration and Federal resources are    |
|                  | made available. This system ensures that the      |
|                  | State and Federal limited resources are used      |
|                  | wisely and fairly, and the needs of disaster      |
|                  | victims are met.                                  |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | State emergency management offices often have     |
|                  | various names and procedures for operating.       |
|                  | Titles commonly used include Emergency            |
|                  | Management, Civil Defense, Civil Preparedness,    |
|                  | and Disaster Services. In this text, the term     |
|                  | emergency management is used to refer to these    |
|                  | State offices. The State is the pivotal point     |
|                  | between policy guidance and resources available   |
|                  | at the Federal level and the implementation of    |
|                  | comprehensive emergency management programs at    |
|                  | the local level.                                  |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Federal        | At the Federal level of government, the Federal   |
| government respo | Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is involved in |
| nsibilities {#fe | mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery  |
| deral-government | activities. FEMA helps the States in several      |
| -responsibilitie | ways. FEMA provides the following programs:       |
| s .Animals-head} |                                                   |
|                  | -   Training programs and research information on |
| #  {#section-    |     the latest mitigation measures;               |
| 6 .Animals-head} |                                                   |
|                  | -   Review and coordination of State emergency    |
|                  |     plans;                                        |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Financial assistance;                         |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Flood insurance to individuals and businesses |
|                  |     in communities that join the National Flood   |
|                  |     Insurance Program (NFIP);                     |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Subsidies to State and local offices of       |
|                  |     emergency management for maintaining          |
|                  |     emergency management programs;                |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Guidance and coordination for plans to warn   |
|                  |     and protect the nation in national security   |
|                  |     emergencies; and                              |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Coordination of services for disaster         |
|                  |     response and recovery activities.             |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | In addition, FEMA may provide supplemental        |
|                  | resources when communities and States do not have |
|                  | sufficient resources to protect or assist their   |
|                  | citizens, restore essential services that can get |
|                  | the local economy going again, and meet           |
|                  | disaster-related needs of individuals.            |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | FEMA is your principal source of Federal          |
|                  | assistance for education in disaster management.  |
|                  | It provides a variety of training opportunities,  |
|                  | including this course. Many of FEMA's courses are |
|                  | taught through your State emergency management    |
|                  | agency. FEMA also provides classroom instruction  |
|                  | and operates the National Emergency Training      |
|                  | Center which offers higher level courses in       |
|                  | emergency management.                             |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Voluntary      | One of the most important voluntary organizations |
| agencies and org | in terms of disasters is the American Red Cross.  |
| anizations {#vol | The American Red Cross is a humanitarian          |
| untary-agencies- | organization, chartered by Congress and led by    |
| and-organization | volunteers, that provides relief to victims of    |
| s .Animals-head} | disasters. Each local chapter is responsible for  |
|                  | providing disaster relief services in the         |
|                  | community it serves. In large-scale disasters,    |
|                  | volunteers from across the country may respond.   |
|                  | The American Red Cross provides individuals and   |
|                  | families with food, shelter, first aid, clothing, |
|                  | bedding, medicines and other services.            |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | Voluntary organizations like the Salvation Army,  |
|                  | Catholic Charities, Mennonite Disaster Services,  |
|                  | and other local church and civic organizations    |
|                  | often help disaster victims by distributing food, |
|                  | medicine, and supplies, and by providing          |
|                  | temporary shelter. Many voluntary organizations   |
|                  | also conduct fund-raising drives to provide       |
|                  | financial assistance to disaster victims.         |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  | The following table summarizes the                |
|                  | responsibilities for emergency management at      |
|                  | various levels.                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ###### Emergency Management                                           |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| The goal of emergency management is to provide protection from all    |
| hazards for the citizens, properties, and governments within the      |
| United States. Effective emergency management includes a functional   |
| approach to all emergencies, cooperative planning, appropriate use of |
| resources, and shared responsibilities among the three levels of      |
| government.                                                           |
|                                                                       |
| -   Personal disaster preparedness is the first and most effective    |
|     intervention to reduce the impact of disasters.                   |
|                                                                       |
| -   The local government is responsible for emergency planning        |
|     response and continued assessment of its ability to protect       |
|     citizens and property within the community.                       |
|                                                                       |
| -   In some States, there are several layers between the local and    |
|     the State level. You must become familiar with your State's       |
|     structure.                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| -   The State government is responsible for assisting the communities |
|     within the State by reviewing plans and providing guidance. The   |
|     State government also makes plans and assesses its capability to  |
|     provide protection from large-scale, statewide disasters.         |
|                                                                       |
| -   A State will assist communities within the State that do not have |
|     adequate resources to protect themselves or to recover from       |
|     disaster.                                                         |
|                                                                       |
| -   The Federal government is responsible for assisting the States by |
|     reviewing plans, providing guidance, making plans and assessing   |
|     their capability to provide protection from large-scale,          |
|     nationwide disasters. It supplements State assistance when State  |
|     and local resources are insufficient to complete recovery. In the |
|     event of a response to a Federally declared disaster, FEMA acts   |
|     primarily in a coordinating role.                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| ### Scenario     | To understand how emergency management is applied |
|                  | at the local level and how it relates to you as   |
|                  | an individual, let's look at an imaginary         |
|                  | community and some of its emergency management    |
|                  | activities. We'll call the community Centerville. |
|                  | It is a medium-sized town of 20,000 people,       |
|                  | located alongside a river.                        |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| # Centervill     | One of the major hazards that threatens           |
| e:  {#centervill | Centerville is flooding. Centerville joined the   |
| e .Animals-head} | National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) by        |
|                  | adopting a local ordinance to regulate building   |
| # The            | activities in the flood-prone areas. Because of   |
| four phases in a | this, any resident or property owner is eligible  |
| ction {#the-four | to purchase Federal flood insurance. The          |
| -phases-in-actio | Centerville Town Council appointed an emergency   |
| n .Animals-head} | manager to prepare plans that included a warning  |
|                  | system, evacuation plans, and emergency response  |
| #  {#section-    | teams to help move people and their animals to    |
| 7 .Animals-head} | safety from the low-lying areas of the community. |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | There are several farms with livestock in         |
|                  | floodplains. The emergency manager distributed    |
|                  | flood preparedness information, presented public  |
|                  | and school programs on flood hazards and          |
|                  | preparedness, and encouraged citizens and         |
|                  | businesses in the community to buy flood          |
|                  | insurance provided by the NFIP through property   |
|                  | insurance companies and agents. The local         |
|                  | government and the Red Cross pre-identified       |
|                  | shelter sites and offered first aid and shelter   |
|                  | operations courses to the public. Representatives |
|                  | from the local animal-care community also         |
|                  | identified fencing, cage and feed suppliers in    |
|                  | the area that were willing to help farmers and    |
|                  | pet owners in the event of major flood. In        |
|                  | cooperation with the National Weather Service and |
|                  | the State, Centerville installed a series of      |
|                  | river gauges at certain points along the river to |
|                  | monitor water levels and provide an advance       |
|                  | warning system.                                   |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | > One spring, a major flood struck Centerville.   |
|                  | > Warnings were issued, and response teams        |
|                  | > quickly followed emergency plans and            |
|                  | > procedures. Early in the incident, most owners  |
|                  | > moved with their pets to stay temporarily with  |
|                  | > friends and family in nearby towns. Farmers and |
|                  | > horse owners also moved their animals to higher |
|                  | > ground. One swine producer decided to send his  |
|                  | > finishing hogs to slaughter early. For those    |
|                  | > farmers that could not move their cattle to     |
|                  | > higher ground, the State Department of          |
|                  | > Transportation was called to help coordinate    |
|                  | > the evacuation of several hundred cattle from   |
|                  | > farms in areas that would be most severely      |
|                  | > flooded. At the same time, citizens in          |
|                  | > threatened areas were evacuated to Red Cross    |
|                  | > emergency shelters. The local humane shelter    |
|                  | > set up an emergency shelter for pets with cages |
|                  | > supplied from a local pet supermarket and       |
|                  | > another shelter for horses at the county        |
|                  | > fairgrounds. Veterinarians and animal control   |
|                  | > personnel supervised the admission and health   |
|                  | > status of all animals. No lives were lost and   |
|                  | > only minor injuries                             |
|                  | >                                                 |
|                  | > occurred. However, damage to homes, businesses, |
|                  | > and farmlands were extensive.                   |
|                  | >                                                 |
|                  | > The amount of damage and economic loss was      |
|                  | > quickly estimated by local disaster assessment  |
|                  | > teams. These teams worked closely with the      |
|                  | > county extension educators, local veterinarians |
|                  | > and the humane association, to assess damages   |
|                  | > to farms and other properties caring for        |
|                  | > animals. The Mayor contacted the State's office |
|                  | > of emergency management and gave the damage     |
|                  | > report. The State contacted FEMA with the       |
|                  | > damage report, and requested a joint Federal,   |
|                  | > State, and local assessment. Based on the       |
|                  | > results of the joint                            |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | assessment, the Governor requested a Presidential |
|                  | declaration of major disaster through FEMA. The   |
|                  | President declared Centerville a major disaster   |
|                  | area and authorized release of Federal disaster   |
|                  | assistance funds.                                 |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | FEMA, in coordination with the State and local    |
|                  | governments, established a disaster assistance    |
|                  | hotline and disaster recovery center in           |
|                  | Centerville where its citizens and business       |
|                  | owners applied for disaster relief funds. After   |
|                  | applications were reviewed, disaster relief funds |
|                  | from the Federal government were distributed to   |
|                  | disaster victims and local jurisdictions based on |
|                  | the funding available and the documentation       |
|                  | provided.                                         |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | In addition, those citizens of Centerville who    |
|                  | had purchased a flood insurance policy contacted  |
|                  | their insurance agents and had the damage         |
|                  | assessed immediately. Flood insurance claims were |
|                  | paid quickly, and flood victims began to rebuild  |
|                  | in ways that made their property less prone to    |
|                  | damage in the next flood. In a few months,        |
|                  | Centerville homes and businesses were safer than  |
|                  | ever.                                             |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | #                                                 |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| #                | Before a flood emergency . . .                    |
|  How were the ci |                                                   |
| tizens of Center | -   The local government knew that flooding was a |
| ville protected? |     hazard.                                       |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Plans had been developed with representatives |
|                  |     from the animal-care community to protect     |
|                  |     people, animals and property in the event of  |
|                  |     flood.                                        |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   A floodplain management ordinance was adopted |
|                  |     and enforced.                                 |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   A warning system was established.             |
|                  |                                                   |
|                  | -   Citizens were informed of the risk of floods  |
|                  |     and encouraged to buy flood insurance.        |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
| #  {#section-    |   | During a      |                                  |
| 9 .Animals-head} |   | flood         |                                  |
|                  |   | emergency . . |                                  |
|                  |   | .             |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | -   Warnings  |                                  |
|                  |   |     were      |                                  |
|                  |   |     issued,   |                                  |
|                  |   |     and       |                                  |
|                  |   |     livestock |                                  |
|                  |   |     was moved |                                  |
|                  |   |     early to  |                                  |
|                  |   |     prevent   |                                  |
|                  |   |     greater   |                                  |
|                  |   |     problems  |                                  |
|                  |   |     later.    |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | -   Everyone  |                                  |
|                  |   |     knew what |                                  |
|                  |   |     to do,    |                                  |
|                  |   |     and       |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   |    understood |                                  |
|                  |   |     the       |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   |    importance |                                  |
|                  |   |     of early  |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   |    evacuation |                                  |
|                  |   |     of pets   |                                  |
|                  |   |     and farm  |                                  |
|                  |   |     animals.  |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | -   The plans |                                  |
|                  |   |     made      |                                  |
|                  |   |     earlier   |                                  |
|                  |   |     were put  |                                  |
|                  |   |     into      |                                  |
|                  |   |     action.   |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | -   People    |                                  |
|                  |   |     evacuated |                                  |
|                  |   |     quickly.  |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | -   Shelters  |                                  |
|                  |   |     were      |                                  |
|                  |   |     prepared. |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | -   Medical   |                                  |
|                  |   |     and       |                                  |
|                  |   |     health    |                                  |
|                  |   |     services  |                                  |
|                  |   |     were      |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   |    available. |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
| #  {#section-1   |   | After a flood |                                  |
| 0 .Animals-head} |   | emergency . . |                                  |
|                  |   | .             |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | -   Damage to |                                  |
|                  |   |     property  |                                  |
|                  |   |     was       |                                  |
|                  |   |     quickly   |                                  |
|                  |   |     assessed  |                                  |
|                  |   |     by        |                                  |
|                  |   |     persons   |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | knowledgeable |                                  |
|                  |   |     of the    |                                  |
|                  |   |     animal    |                                  |
|                  |   |     industry. |                                  |
|                  |   |     After     |                                  |
|                  |   |     proper    |                                  |
|                  |   |     d         |                                  |
|                  |   | ocumentation, |                                  |
|                  |   |     insurance |                                  |
|                  |   |     claims    |                                  |
|                  |   |     were      |                                  |
|                  |   |     promptly  |                                  |
|                  |   |     paid.     |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | -             |                                  |
|                  |   |   Governments |                                  |
|                  |   |     (local,   |                                  |
|                  |   |     State,    |                                  |
|                  |   |     and       |                                  |
|                  |   |     Federal), |                                  |
|                  |   |     disaster  |                                  |
|                  |   |     relief    |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | organizations |                                  |
|                  |   |     (such as  |                                  |
|                  |   |     the Red   |                                  |
|                  |   |     Cross),   |                                  |
|                  |   |     humane    |                                  |
|                  |   |     shelters, |                                  |
|                  |   |     local     |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | veterinarians |                                  |
|                  |   |     and       |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   |    individual |                                  |
|                  |   |     citizens, |                                  |
|                  |   |     worked    |                                  |
|                  |   |     together  |                                  |
|                  |   |     to help   |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   |   Centerville |                                  |
|                  |   |     recover.  |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
| # Some personal  |   | So far we     |                                  |
| examples {#some- |   | have          |                                  |
| personal-example |   | discussed how |                                  |
| s .Animals-head} |   | emergency     |                                  |
|                  |   | management    |                                  |
| #  {#section-1   |   | applies to a  |                                  |
| 1 .Animals-head} |   | community.    |                                  |
|                  |   | The same      |                                  |
|                  |   | principles    |                                  |
|                  |   | also apply on |                                  |
|                  |   | a personal    |                                  |
|                  |   | level. Each   |                                  |
|                  |   | of us can     |                                  |
|                  |   | prepare for,  |                                  |
|                  |   | respond to,   |                                  |
|                  |   | recover from  |                                  |
|                  |   | and mitigate  |                                  |
|                  |   | disasters     |                                  |
|                  |   | that threaten |                                  |
|                  |   | our personal  |                                  |
|                  |   | lives. Animal |                                  |
|                  |   | owners are    |                                  |
|                  |   | actually      |                                  |
|                  |   | required to   |                                  |
|                  |   | think in      |                                  |
|                  |   | those terms,  |                                  |
|                  |   | because they  |                                  |
|                  |   | are           |                                  |
|                  |   | responsible   |                                  |
|                  |   | for the       |                                  |
|                  |   | safety and    |                                  |
|                  |   | well-being of |                                  |
|                  |   | their         |                                  |
|                  |   | animals.      |                                  |
|                  |   | Let's         |                                  |
|                  |   | illustrate    |                                  |
|                  |   | the four      |                                  |
|                  |   | phases of     |                                  |
|                  |   | emergency     |                                  |
|                  |   | management    |                                  |
|                  |   | with two      |                                  |
|                  |   | personal      |                                  |
|                  |   | examples.     |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | #             |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
| # T              |   | You are       |                                  |
| he horse show th |   | traveling     |                                  |
| at didn't happen |   | with your     |                                  |
|                  |   | horse to a    |                                  |
| #  {#section-1   |   | show where it |                                  |
| 3 .Animals-head} |   | will likely   |                                  |
|                  |   | be a winner   |                                  |
|                  |   | and a tire on |                                  |
|                  |   | the trailer   |                                  |
|                  |   | explodes.     |                                  |
|                  |   | Your truck    |                                  |
|                  |   | and trailer   |                                  |
|                  |   | swerve into a |                                  |
|                  |   | ditch.        |                                  |
|                  |   | Fortunately   |                                  |
|                  |   | nobody in the |                                  |
|                  |   | truck is hurt |                                  |
|                  |   | and you are   |                                  |
|                  |   | able to get   |                                  |
|                  |   | the trailer   |                                  |
|                  |   | out of the    |                                  |
|                  |   | ditch, but    |                                  |
|                  |   | your horse    |                                  |
|                  |   | appears to    |                                  |
|                  |   | have cut its  |                                  |
|                  |   | poll (top of  |                                  |
|                  |   | the neck) and |                                  |
|                  |   | is in         |                                  |
|                  |   | considerable  |                                  |
|                  |   | pain.         |                                  |
|                  |   | Anticipating  |                                  |
|                  |   | emergencies   |                                  |
|                  |   | and break     |                                  |
|                  |   | downs you     |                                  |
|                  |   | recently      |                                  |
|                  |   | installed a   |                                  |
|                  |   | cellular      |                                  |
|                  |   | phone in your |                                  |
|                  |   | truck. You    |                                  |
|                  |   | call the      |                                  |
|                  |   | highway       |                                  |
|                  |   | patrol to     |                                  |
|                  |   | help secure   |                                  |
|                  |   | the area and  |                                  |
|                  |   | request a     |                                  |
|                  |   | local equine  |                                  |
|                  |   | veterinarian  |                                  |
|                  |   | to examine    |                                  |
|                  |   | your horse.   |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | The highway   |                                  |
|                  |   | patrol        |                                  |
|                  |   | arrives at    |                                  |
|                  |   | the same time |                                  |
|                  |   | as the        |                                  |
|                  |   | veterinarian. |                                  |
|                  |   | The area is   |                                  |
|                  |   | secured and   |                                  |
|                  |   | you and the   |                                  |
|                  |   | veterinarian  |                                  |
|                  |   | carefully     |                                  |
|                  |   | back your     |                                  |
|                  |   | horse out of  |                                  |
|                  |   | the trailer.  |                                  |
|                  |   | The           |                                  |
|                  |   | veterinarian  |                                  |
|                  |   | determines    |                                  |
|                  |   | that          |                                  |
|                  |   | follow-up     |                                  |
|                  |   | radiographs   |                                  |
|                  |   | will show if  |                                  |
|                  |   | the horse has |                                  |
|                  |   | any internal  |                                  |
|                  |   | damage. For   |                                  |
|                  |   | the moment    |                                  |
|                  |   | the horse     |                                  |
|                  |   | appears well  |                                  |
|                  |   | enough to     |                                  |
|                  |   | continue the  |                                  |
|                  |   | journey       |                                  |
|                  |   | having        |                                  |
|                  |   | received      |                                  |
|                  |   | anti          |                                  |
|                  |   | -inflammatory |                                  |
|                  |   | analgesic     |                                  |
|                  |   | therapy by    |                                  |
|                  |   | the           |                                  |
|                  |   | veterinarian. |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | You decide it |                                  |
|                  |   | is best to    |                                  |
|                  |   | take your     |                                  |
|                  |   | horse home,   |                                  |
|                  |   | where it can  |                                  |
|                  |   | recover from  |                                  |
|                  |   | its shock in  |                                  |
|                  |   | a familiar    |                                  |
|                  |   | environment.  |                                  |
|                  |   | Before you    |                                  |
|                  |   | carry on you  |                                  |
|                  |   | replace the   |                                  |
|                  |   | flat tire     |                                  |
|                  |   | with a spare  |                                  |
|                  |   | and have the  |                                  |
|                  |   | burst tire    |                                  |
|                  |   | replaced in   |                                  |
|                  |   | the next      |                                  |
|                  |   | town. Once    |                                  |
|                  |   | home, you     |                                  |
|                  |   | call your     |                                  |
|                  |   | regular       |                                  |
|                  |   | veterinarian  |                                  |
|                  |   | who takes     |                                  |
|                  |   | radiographs   |                                  |
|                  |   | of the        |                                  |
|                  |   | injured area  |                                  |
|                  |   | of your       |                                  |
|                  |   | horse.        |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | Fortunately,  |                                  |
|                  |   | your horse    |                                  |
|                  |   | did not       |                                  |
|                  |   | sustain       |                                  |
|                  |   | serious       |                                  |
|                  |   | injuries.     |                                  |
|                  |   | From then on, |                                  |
|                  |   | before each   |                                  |
|                  |   | show and      |                                  |
|                  |   | throughout    |                                  |
|                  |   | the years you |                                  |
|                  |   | regularly     |                                  |
|                  |   | check the     |                                  |
|                  |   | wear and      |                                  |
|                  |   | condition of  |                                  |
|                  |   | all the tires |                                  |
|                  |   | on your truck |                                  |
|                  |   | and trailer.  |                                  |
|                  |   | Your          |                                  |
|                  |   | diligence     |                                  |
|                  |   | pays off and  |                                  |
|                  |   | your horse    |                                  |
|                  |   | wins its next |                                  |
|                  |   | show.         |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
| #  {#section-1   |   | When you      |                                  |
| 4 .Animals-head} |   | respond to    |                                  |
|                  |   | emergency     |                                  |
|                  |   | situations or |                                  |
|                  |   | dangers in    |                                  |
|                  |   | this manner,  |                                  |
|                  |   | you are       |                                  |
|                  |   | practicing    |                                  |
|                  |   | emergency     |                                  |
|                  |   | management.   |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
|                  | # |               | You learned from your experience |
|                  | # |               | and applied your knowledge to    |
|                  | # |               | improve on transport safety by   |
|                  | # |               | regularly checking the condition |
|                  | # |               | of your equipment.               |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  | M |               |                                  |
|                  | i |               |                                  |
|                  | t |               |                                  |
|                  | i |               |                                  |
|                  | g |               |                                  |
|                  | a |               |                                  |
|                  | t |               |                                  |
|                  | i |               |                                  |
|                  | o |               |                                  |
|                  | n |               |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
|                  | # |               | You prepared yourself by         |
|                  | # |               | equipping your truck with a      |
|                  | # |               | cellular phone that you used to  |
|                  | # |               | contact highway patrol to help   |
|                  | # |               | you secure the area, and ensure  |
|                  | # |               | the safety of your horse and     |
|                  | # |               | passing motorists.               |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  | P |               |                                  |
|                  | r |               |                                  |
|                  | e |               |                                  |
|                  | p |               |                                  |
|                  | a |               |                                  |
|                  | r |               |                                  |
|                  | e |               |                                  |
|                  | d |               |                                  |
|                  | n |               |                                  |
|                  | e |               |                                  |
|                  | s |               |                                  |
|                  | s |               |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
|                  | # |               | When the emergency occurred you  |
|                  | # |               | reacted responsibly by calling a |
|                  | # |               | veterinarian to examine your     |
|                  | # |               | horse and give a professional    |
|                  | # |               | opinion on its health status.    |
|                  | # |               | You also rested the horse by     |
|                  | # |               | returning home and not entering  |
|                  |   |               | the show.                        |
|                  | R |               |                                  |
|                  | e |               |                                  |
|                  | s |               |                                  |
|                  | p |               |                                  |
|                  | o |               |                                  |
|                  | n |               |                                  |
|                  | s |               |                                  |
|                  | e |               |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
|                  | R |               | Once the immediate emergency was |
|                  | e |               | over you repaired the damage by  |
|                  | c |               | replacing the tire and lost no   |
|                  | o |               | time in ensuring that you had    |
|                  | v |               | another spare in case of another |
|                  | e |               | incident. You also contacted     |
|                  | r |               | your regular veterinarian to be  |
|                  | y |               | sure that your horse had not     |
|                  |   |               | sustained internal injuries and  |
|                  |   |               | did not require treatment.       |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
|                  |   |               |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+

+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
| # The p          |   | You recently  |                                  |
| uppy that conque |   | bought a dog, |                                  |
| red firecrackers |   | which is a    |                                  |
|                  |   | great family  |                                  |
| #  {#section-1   |   | pet, plays    |                                  |
| 5 .Animals-head} |   | nicely with   |                                  |
|                  |   | children and  |                                  |
| #  {#section-1   |   | is friendly   |                                  |
| 6 .Animals-head} |   | to visitors.  |                                  |
|                  |   | It is late    |                                  |
|                  |   | June and      |                                  |
|                  |   | Fourth of     |                                  |
|                  |   | July          |                                  |
|                  |   | celebrations  |                                  |
|                  |   | have begun.   |                                  |
|                  |   | Random        |                                  |
|                  |   | firecrackers  |                                  |
|                  |   | are being set |                                  |
|                  |   | off. Your dog |                                  |
|                  |   | is crying,    |                                  |
|                  |   | digging at    |                                  |
|                  |   | the floor and |                                  |
|                  |   | tearing at    |                                  |
|                  |   | the door as a |                                  |
|                  |   | result of the |                                  |
|                  |   | loud noises.  |                                  |
|                  |   | His barking   |                                  |
|                  |   | is disturbing |                                  |
|                  |   | the neighbors |                                  |
|                  |   | and you are   |                                  |
|                  |   | concerned     |                                  |
|                  |   | about his     |                                  |
|                  |   | frantic       |                                  |
|                  |   | behavior and  |                                  |
|                  |   | the damage he |                                  |
|                  |   | is doing to   |                                  |
|                  |   | your home.    |                                  |
|                  |   | You realize   |                                  |
|                  |   | that the      |                                  |
|                  |   | problem is    |                                  |
|                  |   | likely to     |                                  |
|                  |   | intensify     |                                  |
|                  |   | with the      |                                  |
|                  |   | upcoming      |                                  |
|                  |   | holiday.      |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | You phone     |                                  |
|                  |   | your          |                                  |
|                  |   | veterinarian  |                                  |
|                  |   | who           |                                  |
|                  |   | recommends    |                                  |
|                  |   | that you      |                                  |
|                  |   | bring your    |                                  |
|                  |   | dog in for an |                                  |
|                  |   | examination.  |                                  |
|                  |   | Upon          |                                  |
|                  |   | examination   |                                  |
|                  |   | you and your  |                                  |
|                  |   | veterinarian  |                                  |
|                  |   | agree that    |                                  |
|                  |   | sedation may  |                                  |
|                  |   | be the best   |                                  |
|                  |   | temporary     |                                  |
|                  |   | solution.     |                                  |
|                  |   | Twenty        |                                  |
|                  |   | minutes later |                                  |
|                  |   | the sedative  |                                  |
|                  |   | is working    |                                  |
|                  |   | and your dog  |                                  |
|                  |   | is sleeping   |                                  |
|                  |   | quietly at    |                                  |
|                  |   | home. Your    |                                  |
|                  |   | veterinarian  |                                  |
|                  |   | also sends    |                                  |
|                  |   | you home with |                                  |
|                  |   | medication to |                                  |
|                  |   | administer    |                                  |
|                  |   | until the     |                                  |
|                  |   | Fourth of     |                                  |
|                  |   | July has      |                                  |
|                  |   | passed, and   |                                  |
|                  |   | suggests you  |                                  |
|                  |   | keep your dog |                                  |
|                  |   | comfortably   |                                  |
|                  |   | confined in a |                                  |
|                  |   | room with a   |                                  |
|                  |   | radio         |                                  |
|                  |   | playing.      |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | You           |                                  |
|                  |   | administer    |                                  |
|                  |   | the           |                                  |
|                  |   | medication as |                                  |
|                  |   | directed, and |                                  |
|                  |   | the remainder |                                  |
|                  |   | of the        |                                  |
|                  |   | holiday       |                                  |
|                  |   | passes        |                                  |
|                  |   | uneventfully. |                                  |
|                  |   | Your pet      |                                  |
|                  |   | again becomes |                                  |
|                  |   | a relaxed and |                                  |
|                  |   | playful       |                                  |
|                  |   | member of the |                                  |
|                  |   | family. To    |                                  |
|                  |   | give everyone |                                  |
|                  |   | a brighter    |                                  |
|                  |   | outlook, the  |                                  |
|                  |   | entire family |                                  |
|                  |   | goes for a    |                                  |
|                  |   | walk to a     |                                  |
|                  |   | neighborhood  |                                  |
|                  |   | park.         |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | Your          |                                  |
|                  |   | veterinarian  |                                  |
|                  |   | also          |                                  |
|                  |   | identified    |                                  |
|                  |   | steps you can |                                  |
|                  |   | take to       |                                  |
|                  |   | desensitize   |                                  |
|                  |   | your dog to   |                                  |
|                  |   | loud noises   |                                  |
|                  |   | in the        |                                  |
|                  |   | future. You   |                                  |
|                  |   | practice      |                                  |
|                  |   | these steps   |                                  |
|                  |   | and by the    |                                  |
|                  |   | end of the    |                                  |
|                  |   | summer your   |                                  |
|                  |   | dog is no     |                                  |
|                  |   | longer afraid |                                  |
|                  |   | of loud       |                                  |
|                  |   | noises.       |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  |   | How do the    |                                  |
|                  |   | phases of     |                                  |
|                  |   | emergency     |                                  |
|                  |   | management    |                                  |
|                  |   | apply to this |                                  |
|                  |   | situation?    |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
|                  | # |               | You learned how to desensitize   |
|                  | # |               | your dog to prevent future       |
|                  | # |               | problems.                        |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  | M |               |                                  |
|                  | i |               |                                  |
|                  | t |               |                                  |
|                  | i |               |                                  |
|                  | g |               |                                  |
|                  | a |               |                                  |
|                  | t |               |                                  |
|                  | i |               |                                  |
|                  | o |               |                                  |
|                  | n |               |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
|                  | P |               | Although you might not have been |
|                  | r |               | prepared the first time, you     |
|                  | e |               | acted quickly to control your    |
|                  | p |               | pet's behavior for the remainder |
|                  | a |               | of the holiday period, and for   |
|                  | r |               | future events, by obtaining      |
|                  | e |               | prescription sedatives.          |
|                  | d |               |                                  |
|                  | n |               |                                  |
|                  | e |               |                                  |
|                  | s |               |                                  |
|                  | s |               |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
|                  | # |               | You immediately sought help from |
|                  | # |               | your veterinarian.               |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  | R |               |                                  |
|                  | e |               |                                  |
|                  | s |               |                                  |
|                  | p |               |                                  |
|                  | o |               |                                  |
|                  | n |               |                                  |
|                  | s |               |                                  |
|                  | e |               |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+
|                  | # |               | You relieved stress in your pet  |
|                  | # |               | and reinforced the bond with the |
|                  | # |               | family by going on a walk        |
|                  | # |               | together.                        |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  | # |               |                                  |
|                  |   |               |                                  |
|                  | R |               |                                  |
|                  | e |               |                                  |
|                  | c |               |                                  |
|                  | o |               |                                  |
|                  | v |               |                                  |
|                  | e |               |                                  |
|                  | r |               |                                  |
|                  | y |               |                                  |
+------------------+---+---------------+----------------------------------+

LEARNING CHECK -- WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED ABOUT\
THE FOUR PHASES OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT?

This activity is designed to assess your understanding of the
information presented in this unit.

Directions: Answer the questions --- use the Answer Key in Unit 10 to
check your answers.

# True or False

1.  Preparedness and response activities always occur at the same time.

2.  Government officials are ultimately responsible for animals in
    disasters.

3.  Response activities are actions taken to save lives and prevent
    future property damage in a disaster or emergency situation.

4.  The State is the point between policy guidance and resources
    available at the Federal level and the implementation of
    comprehensive emergency management programs at the local level.

5.  The Federal level is the most important at which to develop
    emergency management plans.

6.  Response activities take place before an emergency occurs.

# Multiple Choice

7.  These include actions taken to return to normal once an emergency
    occurs.

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| a.  Mitigation       | c\. Preparedness                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| b\. Response         | d\. Recovery                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

8.  Following safety standards in selecting building materials is an
    example of this type of activity.

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  a\. Mitigation          c\. Preparedness

  b\. Response            d\. Recovery
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

9.  At the local level, the authority granted to the emergency manager
    is defined by:

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
a.  Local laws or ordinances

b.  The Governor

c.  The director of the State emergency management office

d.  The authority of the emergency manager is not defined

# Fill in the Blank {#fill-in-the-blank .Animals-head}

10. List various levels at which emergency management can take place.

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| #                | In this unit, you learned the definition of       |
| Summary {#summar | emergency management; the four phases of          |
| y .Animals-head} | emergency management; the responsibilities of     |
|                  | individuals and local, State, and Federal         |
|                  | governments in regard to emergency management;    |
|                  | and looked at some examples of emergency          |
|                  | management in action.                             |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| #  {#section-1   |                                                   |
| 7 .Animals-head} |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

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