#  Conventional Facilities for the Neutrino Factory 

## Introduction

The Conventional Facilities for the proposed Neutrino Factory include
all necessary civil construction components required to house the beam
facilities and on-site physics detectors including below grade
enclosures, access shafts, halls, and surface support buildings. In
addition, Conventional Facilities includes site improvements such as
grading, roadways, utilities, heat rejection facilities such as
cryogenic plants and cooling ponds, and high voltage electrical supply.

We have included the incorporation of some of the existing Fermilab
infrastructure into the preliminary design of this study. The
Collaboration has assumed that the existing Proton Physics program would
most likely not be viable at that time in the future when the Neutrino
Factory would be complete and ready for operation. This makes available
the existing Fermilab infrastructure including; roadways, utilities,
heat rejection facilities, high voltage electrical supply, office
buildings, and mechanical support facilities for use in this proposed
facility.

The following pages describe the preliminary conceptual design for the
Conventional Facilities portion of the proposed Neutrino Factory and
Muon Storage Ring at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
(Fermilab) site in northeastern Illinois. Conceptual Drawings and
Sketches are presented in the following pages to reflect the design
assumptions that were made and to represent the level of design
development that was performed for this report.

## Description of the Proposed Conventional Facilities

The technical components of the facility include the 16 GeV Booster,
Target Hall, Decay Drift Channel, Induction Linac, Bunching, Cooling, 2
GeV Linac, Recirculating Linear Accelerators 1 and 2 (RLA 1 and RLA 2,
and finally the Muon Storage Ring (MuSR) which houses beamline
components to direct the neutrino beam to its final destination. Several
layouts for the Fermilab site were derived. Constraints for these
layouts included the size of the elements and their respective
adjacencies, site radiation requirements, existing environmentally
sensitive areas and existing developed areas. Existing developed areas
and wetlands were avoided to minimize cost and environmental impact.

The layout shown in Figure 1 meets all the criteria mentioned above and
is relatively close to existing cooling ponds and electrical
distribution systems. This layout utilizes the existing 400 MeV H-minus
Linac, includes a new 16 GeV Booster around the existing Antiproton
Source, includes a beamline to carry 16 GeV protons to the existing Main
Ring beam enclosure, and eventually to the infield of the Main Ring
(currently undeveloped) where the remaining machine elements would be
constructed. Figure 2 through Figure 8 show design sketches in plan and
section.

We anticipate improving and expanding the existing Fermilab
infrastructure as it relates to mechanical and electrical systems,
grading, paving and parking. The following sections outline the current
required improvements for each.

## Mechanical Systems

We anticipate a total cooling load of approximately 150 MW for this
proposed facility. We assume 80% (120MW) is technical component power
and 20% (30MW) is conventional power for cooling, lights, etc. In
addition, 75% of technical component cooling is chilled due to high
klystron concentrations and cryogenic facilities and 25% is exchanged
pond cooling (95LCW). At the 150MW level pond-water circuiting would not
interfere with other current operations on site, if they were to remain.
Pond-water cooling would be circuited through equipment in a Central
Cooling Plant (CCP) and spray discharged into Lake Logo, on the eastside
of RLA2. Following natural site topography pond-water would cascade from
Lake Logo (20 acres remaining), through Main Ring Lake (42 acres),
through Lake Law (45 acres), and through the AE Sea (49 acres), where a
100,000 gpm pump station would be located ahead of the outfall to the
Sea of Evanescence and Ferry Creek. The pump station would return
pond-water through dual 48\" HDPE lines to the CCP and out to the Lake
Logo spray headers. For additional cooling the Tevatron and Main
Injector Ring ponds can be used for an additional 50MW if the physics
program is not using this capacity. This involves additional chillers,
pumps, piping, etc. in the same proportions as above.

## Electrical Systems

The anticipated electrical load required for this facility is 150 MW.
The existing Kautz Road substation has a capacity of between 160 and 200
MW. We anticipate using this substation with upgrades for the proposed
study including rehabilitation of the existing transformers,
installation of a new 50 MW transformer, concrete duct bank and feeder
from the Kautz road substation to the Main Ring infield.

## Grading

We anticipate utilizing earthen berms for radiation shielding above most
cut and cover enclosures. Fermilab currently has over 7 miles of earthen
shielded cut and cover enclosure of a similar type. General site grading
for drainage and wetland mitigation would also be required. An attempt
would be made to balance cut and fill volumes to minimize earth
excavation and hauling costs.

## Paving

Paving would be required to create access roadways on the Main Ring
infield.

## Parking Areas

New parking areas would be required at all new facilities. Existing
parking at such areas as Wilson Hall and Industrial Center will remain.
The above systems design and construction requirements are very familiar
to the Fermilab Engineering and Operation Personnel.

## Surface Buildings 

The Collaboration does not anticipate requiring any additional office or
manufacturing buildings. However, beamline support buildings and
klystron galleries above the enclosures will be required. Figure 2 shows
a site overview of these surface buildings, and Figure 3 through Figure
5 show the relationship of the surface buildings to the beam enclosures.
We estimate as much as 300,000 sf of these low-rise industrial type
buildings will be necessary. Below grade facilities for this study
include cut and cover type enclosures and sloping enclosures constructed
with tunneling technology.

The estimated 18,500 lineal feet of near surface enclosures constructed
with the cut and cover construction would vary in width from 10 feet in
the 16 GeV Booster beam enclosure to as much as 60 feet in the RLA arcs.
Heights will range from 8 to 10 feet. These underground areas will be
used to house beamline elements starting with the 400 MeV H-minus beam
and ending with the extraction of the muon beam from the second
recirculating linac. Earthen cover of between 15 and 25 feet will be
typical for these enclosures. The majority of this accelerator complex
would be constructed at or near the surface with cut and cover
construction. The near surface enclosures are shown in Figure 3 through
Figure 5. Sloping enclosures for the Muon Storage Ring (MuSR) will be
constructed with methods including cut and cover at the shallow arc,
soft tunneling in the glacial moraines and drill and blast methods in
the lower shale and dolomite rock. Figure 6 shows cross sections of the
MuSR tunnel in these two regions indicating the difference in
construction techniques. The MuSR consists of 5800 lineal feet of
enclosure sloping at 13% pointed nearly due West to deliver Neutrinos to
a detector located somewhere on the West Coast of the United States.
Tunnel enclosure cross sections for the proposed MuSR are expected to be
approximately 10' wide and 13' high as shown in Figure 6. Fermilab is
currently constructing a tunneled below grade enclosure for the
Neutrinos at Main Injector (NuMI) project that is very similar to this
proposed construction.

We believe the Fermilab Geology provides an excellent media for
constructing such an enclosure. Based on our research the proposed 13
degree slope creates an acceptable environment for the required mucking
of the drill and blast tunneling method. Figure 7 shows the Muon Storage
Ring in an elevation view with the Fermilab Geology represented. Figure
8 shows the lower end of the Muon Storage Ring.

![](media/image1.jpeg){width="8.5in" height="8.113194444444444in"}Figure
1: Layout of the Neutrino Factory on a photograph of the Fermilab site.

![](media/image2.jpeg){width="8.3in" height="7.922916666666667in"}

Figure 2: Sketch of the Neutrino Factory layout on the Fermilab site.
The sections (A through F) and details (1 and 2) are shown in the
Figures which follow. The hashed areas indicate new surface buildings.

![](media/image3.jpeg){width="8.2in" height="6.248611111111111in"}

Figure 3: Section A shows the 16 GeV Booster klystron gallery over the
beam enclosure with a sketch of a magnet cross section. Section B shows
the existing Main Ring beam enclosure with a Tevatron magnet below the
16 GeV permanent magnet beam transport line.

![](media/image4.jpeg){width="8.0in" height="6.767361111111111in"}

Figure 4: Section C shows a cross section of the Target facility
building. Section D shows a cross section of the Cooling facility with
the klystron gallery above the beamline enclosure.

![](media/image5.jpeg){width="8.3in" height="6.808333333333334in"}

Figure 5:Section E shows the muon linac klystron gallery and beam
enclosure. Section F shows the klystron gallery and beam enclosure for a
Recirculating Linac.

![](media/image6.jpeg){width="8.8in" height="6.5055555555555555in"}

Figure 6: Section G shows the Muon Storage Ring in its beam enclosure
near the top of the tunnel where soft tunneling or cut and cover will be
used. Section H shows the beam enclosure where drill and blast through
dolomite or shale will be used.

![](media/image7.jpeg){width="7.8in" height="6.726388888888889in"}Figure
7:The above shows the geology beneath the Fermilab Site.

![](media/image8.jpeg){width="8.2in" height="6.9319444444444445in"}

Figure 8: Detail 2 shows the lower end of the Muon Storage Ring and its
relationship to the lower physics detector. The two 1000 sq.ft. areas
indicated on the floor plan are for accelerator support equipment such
as power supplies and cryogenic plant.