Section VII:

Bibliography for the Review of Undergraduate Education\
in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology

Section VII:

Bibliography for the Review of Undergraduate Education\
in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology

Clifford Adelman, *The Way We Are: The Community College as American
Thermometer* (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of
Educational Research and Improvement, February, 1992, OR92-511).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *The New College Course Map and Transcript
Files: Changes in Course-Taking and Achievement, 1972-1993* (Draft
Manuscript, Fall 1995)

Jeffrey C. Alexander, "The Irrational Disciplinarity of Undergraduate
Education," *The Chronicle of Higher Education*, Vol. 40 (December 1,
1993) p. B3.

American Association for the Advancement of Science, *Project 2061,
Science for All Americans* (James Rutherford and Andrew Ahlgren,
principal authors) (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1989).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
*Update* (Washington, DC: AAAS, Inc., 1992).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
*Benchmarks for Science Literacy* (New York, NY: Oxford University
Press, 1993).

American Association for Higher Education, *Forum on Faculty Roles and
Rewards*, *and Teaching Effectiveness,* \-\-- AAHE publications
addressing the Forum\'s concerns include:

> E. Anderson,*Campus Use of the Teaching Portfolio: Twenty-Five
> Profiles* (1993);
>
> Jon Wergin, *The Collaborative Department: How Five Campuses Are
> Inching Toward Cultures of Collective Responsibility* (1994);
>
> Ernest Lynton, *Making the Case for Professional Service* (1995);
>
> Robert Diamond and Bronwyn Adam (editors), *The Disciplines Speak:
> Rewarding the Scholarly, Professional, and Creative Work of Faculty*
> (1995); and
>
> P. Hutchings*, Peer Review of Teaching: A Project Workbook* (1995).
> (Washington, DC: AAHE, One Dupont Circle).

American Association of State Colleges and Universities, *Formula for
Reform: The Role of the Comprehensive University in Undergraduate
Science and Engineering Education* (Washington, DC: November, 1989).

American Council on Education, *Educating One-Third of a Nation: The
Conference Report* (Washington DC: ACE, 1988).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Status Report on
Minorities in Higher Education* (Washington D.C., ACE, annual volumes).

American Geophysical Union, Chapman Conference, *Scrutiny of
Undergraduate Geoscience Education: Is the Viability of the Geosciences
in Jeopardy?* Conference Proceedings (Washington, DC: American
Geophysical Union Chapman Conference, 1995)

American Institute of Biological Sciences, *Report of the Workshop on
Undergraduate Environmental Science Education*: Held in conjunction with
the 42nd AIBS Annual Meeting of Scientific Societies, San Antonio,
Texas, August 7-8, 1991 (Washington, DC: American Institute of
Biological Sciences, 1991).

American Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges, *Standards for
Curriculum and Pedagogical Reform in Two-Year College and Lower Division
Mathematics* (Cobleskill, New York: AMATYC, 1993).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
*Standards for Introductory College Mathematics Before Calculus*,
Revised Final Draft (February, 1995).

American Psychological Association, *Handbook for Enhancing
Undergraduate Education in Psychology*, Results of a National Conference
held during June, 1991 at St Mary\'s City, MD, (Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association, 1993).

T.A. Angelo and K.P. Cross, *Classroom Assessment Techniques: A Handbook
for College Teachers* (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1993).

Alexander W. Astin, *Undergraduate Science Education:* *The impact of
different college environments on the educational pipeline in the
sciences: Final Report* (Los Angeles, CA: Higher Education Research
Institute, Graduate School of Education, University of California at Los
Angeles, 1992).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *What Matters in College?* (Jossey-Bass,
San Francisco, CA, 1993).

J.C. Bailar, "First-Year College Chemistry Textbooks," *Journal of
Chemical Education,* Vol. 70 (1993), pp. 695-698.

Steven R. Barley, \"The New Crafts: On the Technization of the Workforce
and the Occupationalization of Firms,\" *Working Paper*, National Center
for the Education of the Workforce (Philadelphia, PA: University of
Pennsylvania, 1991).

Robert Barr and John Tagg, "From Teaching to Learning - a New Paradigm
for Undergraduate Education," *Change*, Vol. 27 (November/December,
1995) pp. 12-25.

P.A. Basili and P.J. Sanford, "Conceptual Change Strategies and
Cooperative Group Work in Chemistry," *Journal of Research in Science
Teaching,* Vol. 28, No. 4 (1991), pp. 293-304.

D.L. Benson, M.C. Wittrock, and M.E. Bauer, "Students Preconceptions on
the Nature of Gases," *Journal of Research in Science Teaching,* Vol.
30, (1993), pp. 587-597.

Tora K. Bikson and S.A. Law, *Global Preparedness and Human Resources,
College and Corporate Perspectives*, RAND (Santa Monica, CA: RAND,
1994).

J.P. Birk and J. Foster, "The Importance of Lecture in General Chemistry
Course Performance," *Journal of Chemical Education,* Vol. 70 (1993),
pp. 180-182.

John Bishop, "Incentives and Disincentives for Studying in High School,"
*American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings* (May 1995), paper
presented at the American Economic Association national meetings,
January 6, 1995.

Debra E. Blum, "Colleges Urged to Make Radical Changes to Deal with
National Crisis in Mathematics Education (Moving beyond Myths:
Revitalizing Undergraduate Mathematics; Report by the National Research
Council)," *The Chronicle of Higher Education*, Vol. 37 (April 17, 1991)
pp. A15-16.

Paul Von Blum, *Stillborn Education, A Critique of the American Research
University* (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1986).

J.V. Boettcher (editor), *101 Success Stories of Information Technology
in Higher Education* (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1993).

C.C. Bonwell and J.A. Eison, *Active Learning: Creating Excitement in
the Classroom,* ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report 1 (Washington, DC:
George Washington University, 1991).

George Boggs, "The Learning Paradigm," *Community College Journal*
(December/January, 1995/1996), pages 24-27.

Derek Bok, *Higher Learning*, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
1986).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Universities and the Future of America* (Durham,
NC: Duke University Press, 1990).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, "What's Wrong with Our Universities?: Are they
flunking out? or are the graders asking the wrong questions?" *Harvard
Magazine* (Cambridge, MA: May-June, 1990) pp. 44-59.

H.R. Bowen, *The Costs of Higher Education: How Much Do Colleges and
Universities Spend per Student and How Much Should They Spend?* (San
Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1980).

Ernest L. Boyer, *College: The Undergraduate Experience in America* (New
York: Harper and Row, 1987)

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *The Condition of the Professoriate:
Attitudes and Trends* (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,
Lawrenceville, NJ, 1989).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the
Professoriate* (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, Carnegie
Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1990).

L. Braskamp and J. Ory, *Assessing Faculty Work: Enhancing Individual
and Institutional Performance* (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1994).

A. Brown, *Science Education in Private Colleges of Central Appalachia*
(Lexington, KY: Faulty Scholars Program, University of Kentucky, October
22-24, 1989).

S. Brush, *The History of Modern Science: A Guide to the Second
Scientific Revolution, 1880-1950* (Ames, IA: Iowa State University
Press, 1988).

Lawrence Burton and Carin Celebuski, *Technical Education in 2-Year
Colleges; HES 17* (Washington, DC: National Science Foundation, US Dept
of Education, National Endowment for the Humanities, March 1995).

Ann Bykerk-Kauffman, "Using Cooperative Learning in College Geology
Classes, *Journal of Geology Education*, Vol. 43 (1995), pp. 308-316.

A.F. Cabrera, M.B. Castaneda, & D.S. Hengstler, \"The Convergence
Between Two Theories of College Persistence,\" *Journal of Higher
Education*, Vol. 63, No. 2 (1992) pp. 144-164.

The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, *A
Classification of Institutions of Higher Education: A Technical Report,
1994 Edition* (Ewing, New Jersey: California / Princeton Fulfillment
Services, 1445 Lower Ferry Road).

Center for Instructional Study, Syracuse University, *A National Study
of Research Universities on the Balance Between Research and
Undergraduate Teaching*, Supported by a grant from the Lilly Endowment
(Syracuse, NY: Center for Instructional Development, Office of
Evaluation and Research, Syracuse University, 1992)

C.S. Claxton and P.H. Murrell, *Learning Styles: Implications for
Improving Educational Practices,* ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No.
4 (Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Higher Education, 1987).

J. Clement, D.E. Brown, and A Zietsman, "Not All Preconceptions are
Misconceptions: Finding "Anchoring Conceptions" for Grounding
Instruction on Students' Intuitions," *International Journal of Science
Education,* Vol. 11 (1989), pp. 554-565.

Council of Chief State School Officers, *State Indicators of Science and
Mathematics Education 1993, State and National Trends*: New Indicators
form the 1991-92 School Year (Washington, DC: Council of Chief State
School Officers, 1993).

Mary Crystal Cage, "A Struggle for Reform," (University of Minnesota\'s
Plan Focuses on Undergraduate Education*) The Chronicle of Higher
Education*, Vol. 40 (March 23, 1994) p. A41

Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy, Task Force on Teaching as a
Profession, *A Nation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century* (New
York, 1986).

Audrey B. Champagne (editor), *Science Teaching: Making the System Work*
(Washington DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science,
1988).

Bradford Chaney, *Student Outcomes and the Professional Preparation of
Eighth-grade Teachers in Science and Mathematics*, NSF/NELS:88 Teacher
Transcript Analysis Prepared for the NSF (Washington, DC: Westat, Inc.,
May, 1995).

Change Magazine, "Where\'s the Beef? College Seniors Evaluate Their
Undergraduate Experience," *Change,* Vol. 26 (September/October, 1994)
pp. 29-32.

Lynne Cheney, *50 Hours: A Core Curriculum for College Students*
(Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Humanities, 1989).

A. W. Chickering and Z. F.Gamson (editors), "Applying the Seven
Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education (A Symposium),
*New Directions for Teaching and Learning* (Fall, 1991) pp. 1-100.
\[Available at GWU and CU\]

Barry Cipra, "Calculus Reform Sparks a Backlash," *Science* (February
16, 1996), page 901.

Charles Clotfelter, *Demand for Undergraduate Education*, Part I in
*Economic Challenges in Higher Education*, A National Bureau of Economic
Research Monograph (Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1991)
pp. 19-139.

I.B. Cohen, *Birth of a New Physics* (Norton, New York, 1985).

M. M. Cooper, "Cooperative Learning: An Approach for Large Enrollment
Courses," *Journal of Chemical Education*, Vol. 72 (1995), pp. 162-64.

Patricia Cuniff (Chair), Curtis Heiggelkke (co-Chair), and Barbara Leigh
Smith (co-Chair), *Putting the Pieces Together, A Guide Book for Leaders
of Coalitions of Two- and Four-Year Colleges and Universities* (Largo,
MD: The Science & Technology Resource Center, Prince George's Community
College, 301 Largo Rd., October 14-15, 1993).

Brian H. Denton, and Roger Bowers, "An innovation in Undergraduate
Mathematics Courses," *Journal of Education for Teaching*, Vol. 19, No.
2 (1993) pp. 227-9.

Mary E. Diez, *Setting Standards and Educating Teachers: a National
Conversation:* A Report from the Wingspread Conference, November 1-4,
1993 (Washington, DC: American Association of Colleges for Teacher
Education, 1994).

James J. Duderstadt, *A Vision for the 21st Century: Beyond "The Leaders
and Best."* President's Weekend Address (Ann Arbor, MI: The University
of Michigan, September 29, 1995).

R. Duit, F. Goldberg, and H. Niedderer (editors), *Research in Physics
Learning: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Studies* (San Diego, CA: San
Diego State University, 1991). In particular see: D. Brown and J.
Clement, *Classroom Teaching Experiments in Mechanics.*

Richard Duschl, *Restructuring Science Education; The Importance of
Theories and Their Development* (New York, NY: Columbia University,
Teachers College Press, 1990).

Gordon P. Eaton, "Post Industrial Geological Education: What Curriculum
Changes Might We Need at the Undergraduate and Graduate Level?",
*Abstracts with Programs*, Geological Society of America, Vol. 26, No. 7
(1994), p. 154.

Kenneth Eugene Eble, "The Degradation of Undergraduate Education," *New
Directions for Teaching and Learning* (Winter, 1990) pp. 11-19.

The Journal of Economic Education, "Undergraduate Economic Education (a
Symposium)," *The Journal of Economic Education*, Vol. 22 (Summer, 1991)
pp. 195-300.

Russell Edgerton, P. Hutchings, and K. Quinlan, *The Teaching Portfolio:
Capturing the Scholarship in Teaching* (Washington, DC: American
Association of Higher Education, 1991).

S.C. Ehrmann, "Asking the Right Question: What Does Research Tell Us
About Technology and Higher Learning?" *Change Magazine* (March, 1995).

The Engineering Foundation, *Innovation in Undergraduate Engineering
Education* (New York, NY: United Engineering Trustees, August 6-11,
1989).

B. L. Erickson and D.W. Strommer, *Teaching College Freshmen* (San
Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1991).

Edward W. Ernst, "Revitalizing Undergraduate Programs: Curriculum
Development," *Engineering Education*, Vol. 79 (January/February, 1989)
pp. 20-4.

Engineering Foundation, *Innovation in Undergraduate Engineering
Education*, Proceedings of a Conference held at Potosi, Missouri, August
5-10, 1990 (New York, NY: Engineering Foundation, 1991).

Executive Office of the President, Office of Science and Technology
Policy, *Science in the National Interest* (August 1994).

Federal Coordinating Council for Science Engineering and Technology
(FCCSET), *Pathways to Excellence: A Federal Strategy for Science,
Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education* \[A strategic plan
for the years FYl994 - FY1998.\] (Washington, DC: Committee on Education
and Human Resources, FCCSET, 1992).

The Five Colleges, *Conference on Cooperation in Undergraduate Science
Education*, November 13-15, 1986 (Northampton, MA: The Five Colleges,
Inc., 1986).

Maura C. Flannery, "Problems in Beloit (BioQuest, a project for the
improvement of undergraduate biology education)," *The American Biology
Teacher*, Vol. 53 (November/December, 1991) pp. 500-3.

Deborah C. Fort, "Top Federal Agencies Join Other Reformers to Focus on
the Vital Undergraduate Years," *Journal of College Science Teaching*,
Vol. 25 (September/October, 1995) pp. 26-31.

D.L. Gabel and D.M. Bunce, "Research on Problem Solving: Chemistry," in
D.L. Gabel (editor), *Handbook of Research on Science Teaching and
Learning* (New York, NY: Macmillan, 1994).

Zelda F. Gamson, "A brief History of the Seven Principles for Good
Practice in Undergraduate Education," *New Directions for Teaching and
Learning* (Fall, 1991) pp. 5-12.

Malcolm Getz and John Siegfried, *Costs and Productivity in American
Colleges and Universities*, Part III in *Economic Challenges in Higher
Education*, A National Bureau of Economic Research Monograph (Chicago,
IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1991) pp. 261-392.

R. Giere, *Explaining Science: A Cognitive Approach* (Chicago, IL:
University of Chicago Press, 1988).

John I. Goodlad, *A Place Called School: Prospects for the Future* (New
York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1984).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Teachers for Our Nation's Schools* (San
Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc., 1990).

A.S. Goodsell, M.R. Maher, V. Tinto, B.L. Smith, and J. MacGregor,
*Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education* (University
Park, PA: National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, Learning, and
Assessment, 1992).

David Goodstein, "Scientific Elites and Scientific Illiterates," Sigma
Xi, *Proceedings of a Forum on Ethics, Values, and the Promise of
Science* (New Haven, CT: Sigma XI, February 25-26, 1993).

Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable National Academy of
Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine,
*Stresses on Research and Education at Colleges and Universities:
Institutional and Sponsoring Agency Responses* (Washington, DC: National
Academy Press, 1994).

M.F. Green (editor), *Minorities on Campus: A Handbook for Enhancing
Diversity*, (Washington, DC: American Council on Education, 1989).

Thomas J. Greenbowe, "An Interactive Multimedia Software Program for
Exploring Electrochemical Cells," (Project supported by the NSF Division
of Undergraduate Education), *Journal of Chemical Education,* Vol. 71
(July, 1994) pp. 555-7.

Michael Henchman, "Developing a Science Course for Nonscientists on the
Chemistry of Art," (Project supported by the NSF Division of
Undergraduate Education) *Journal of Chemical Education,* Vol. 71
(August, 1994) p. 670.

Susan T. Hill, *Blacks in Undergraduate Science and Engineering
Education,* National Science Foundation Special Report (Washington DC:
National Science Foundation, 1992, NSF92-305).

Thomas L. Hilton and Valerie E. Lee, \"Student Interest and Persistence
in Science: Changes in the Educational Pipeline in the Last Decade,\"
*Journal of Higher Education,* Vol. 59 (1988) pp. 510-526.

Susan H. Hixson and Curtis T. Sears, "Instrumentation and laboratory
improvement grants in Chemistry," (Projects supported by the NSF
Division of Undergraduate Education), *Journal of Chemical Education,*
Vol. 71 (October, 1994) pp. A244-5.

Peter M. Hogan, "Vocational Preparation Within a Liberal Arts Framework:
Suggested directions for undergraduate psychology programs," *Teaching
of Psychology*, Vol. 18 (October, 1991) pp. 148-53.

The Holmes Group, *Tomorrow\'s Teachers: A Report of the Holmes Group*
(East Lansing MI, The Holmes Group, 1986).

Gerald Holton, "A Nation at Risk, Revisited," *The Advancement of
Science and its Burdens* (Cambridge, England: The Press Syndicate of the
University of Cambridge, 1986).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Science and Anti-Science* (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1993).

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, *Enriching the Undergraduate Laboratory
Experience: 1992 Undergraduate Program Directors Meeting* (Bethesda, MD:
HHMI, 1993).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Institutional
Strategies for Enhancing Undergraduate Science Education: 1993
Undergraduate Program Directors Meeting* (Bethesda, MD: HHMI, 1994).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Expanding the
Role of Science Departments: 1994 Undergraduate Program Directors
Meeting* (Bethesda, MD: HHMI, 1995).

G.A. Hutchings, W. Hall, and P. Thorogood, "Experiences with Hypermedia
in Undergraduate Education," *Computers & Education*, Vol. 22
(January/February, 1994) pp. 39-44.

Inverness Research Associates, *Science Education for the 1990s:
Strategies for Change*: Reflections on a 1991 Wingspread Conference
(held at Inverness, CA in 1991) sponsored by the Johnson Foundation
(Inverness, CA: Inverness Research Associates, 1991).

D.W. Johnson, R.T. Johnson, and K. A. Smith, *Active Learning:
Cooperation in the College Chemistry Classroom* (Edina, MN: Interaction
Book Co., 1991).

Howard G. Johnson, "The National Geography Standards and Your
Undergraduate Curriculum: The Opportunity that Knocks More than Once,"
*Journal of Geography*, Vol. 94 (September/October, 1995) pp. 534-7.

William B. Johnson and Arnold Packer, *Workforce 2000: Work and Workers
for the 21st Century* (Indianapolis, IN: Hudson Institute, 1987).

Joint Policy Board for Mathematics, Committee on Professional
Recognition and Rewards, *Recognition and Rewards in the Mathematics
Sciences* (Washington, DC: Joint Policy Board for Mathematics, 1994),
\[Copies available from the American Mathematical Society.\]

Journal of Chemical Education, "Systemic Changes in the Undergraduate
Chemistry Curriculum Program," (Project supported by the NSF Division of
Undergraduate Education*) Journal of Chemical Education*, Vol. 71
(January, 1994) pp. 43-6.

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, "Projects supported
by the NSF Division of Undergraduate Education," *Journal of Chemical
Education,* Vol. 71 (June, 1994) pp. 506-8.

Project Kaleidoscope, *What Works: Building Natural Science
Communities*, *A Plan for Strengthening Undergraduate Science and
Mathematics* (Washington, D.C.: Project Kaleidoscope, 1730 Rhode Island
Avenue, NW, Suite 1205-ICO, 20036, 1991).

L. Keig and M.D. Waggoner, *Collaborative Peer Review: The Role of
Faculty in Improving College Teaching,* ASHE-ERIC Report No. 2
(Washington, DC: George Washington University, School of Education and
Human Development, 1994).

Donald Kennedy, "Another Century's End, Another Revolution for Higher
Education," *Change* (May/June, 1995), pages 8-15.

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *A Research-Rich Environment* (Washington,
DC: Project Kaleidoscope, 1993).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Leadership: Challenges for the Future*
(Washington, DC: Project Kaleidoscope, 1994).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Structures for Science: A Handbook on
Planning Facilities for Undergraduate Natural Science Communities*
(Washington DC: Project Kaleidoscope, 1995).

Leslie Koltai & Michael Welding, Co-Chairs, *The Status of Science,
Engineering, and Mathematics Education in Community, Technical, and
Junior Colleges* (Washington, D.C.: American Association of Community
and Junior Colleges, National Center for Higher Education, 1991).

L. M. Lambert and S. L. Tice, *Preparing Graduate Students to Teach*
(Washington, DC: American Association for Higher Education, 1993).

Chen-Lin C. Kulik and J. A. Kulik, "Effectiveness of Computer-Based
Instruction: An Updated Analysis," *Computers in Human Behavior* Vol. 7,
Nos. 1 and 2 (1991) pp. 75-94.

J. J. Lagowski, "The Condition of Undergraduate Science Education: the
NSF Perspective," *Journal of Chemical Education*, Vol. 67 (January,
1990) p. 1.

Ram S. Lamba, "Laboratory-driven Instruction in Chemistry," (Project
supported by the NSF Division of Undergraduate Education), *Journal of
Chemical Education,* Vol. 71 (December, 1994) pp.1073-4.

Priscilla Laws, "Calculus Based Physics without Lectures," *Physics
Today* (December 24-31, 1991).

Rosarius Roy Leonardi, *Reflections: a Study of the Undergraduate
Experience as it Relates to College Graduates in the Workplace*
(University of Vermont, Doctoral Thesis, 1995).

Nathan S. Lewis, "The Caltech Chemistry Animation Project," (Project
Supported by the NSF Division of Undergraduate Education) *Journal of
Chemical Education,* Vol. 70 (September, 1993) pp. 739-40.

G. Lisensky, L. Parmentier, and B. Spencer, "Introductory Chemistry at
Beloit College," *Leadership: Challenges for the Future,* Occasional
Paper II (Washington, DC: Project Kaleidoscope, 1994).

G. Loacker and M. Mentkowski, "Creating a Culture Where Assessment
Improves Learning," in T. Banta (editor) *Making a Difference: Outcomes
of a Decade of Assessment in Higher Education* (San Francisco:
Jossey-Bass, 1993).

Jack R. Lohmann & Angelica M. Stacy (co-Chairs), *America\'s Academic
Future: A Report of the Presidential Young Investigator Colloquium on
U.S. Engineering, Mathematics, and Science Education for the Year 2010
and Beyond*, Nov. 4-6, 1990, (Washington, DC: Division of Undergraduate
Science, Engineering and Mathematics Education, National Science
Foundation, 1992, NSF91-150).

J. Lowman, *Mastering the Technique of Teaching,* 2^nd^ Edition (San
Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1995).

Mathematical Sciences Education Board, *Measuring Counts, A Policy
Brief* (Washington, DC: National Research Council, National Academy
Press, 1993).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
*Measuring Up, Prototypes for Mathematics Assessment* (Washington, DC:
National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1993).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, The
Preparation of Teachers of Mathematics: Considerations and Challenges, A
Letter Report (Washington, DC: National Research Council, National
Academy Press, March 1996).

Marcia L. Matyas & Shirley M. Malcom (editors), *Investing in Human
Potential: Science and Engineering at the Crossroads* (Washington, DC:
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1991).

R.A. Markwood and S.M. Johnstone (editors), *New Pathways to a Degree:
Technology Opens the College* (Boulder, CO: Western Interstate
Commission for Higher Education, 1994).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
New Pathways to a Degree: Seven Technology Stories* (Boulder, CO:
Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 1994).

William F. Massy and Robert Zemsky, *Using Information to Enhance
Academic Productivity*, based on a meeting of an 18-member roundtable in
June, 1995 at Wingspread (Washington, DC: Educom, 1995).

Lewis B. Mayhew, Patrick Ford, and Dean Hubbard, *The Quest for Quality:
The Challenge for Undergraduate Education in the 1990s* (San Francisco,
CA: Jossey-Bass, 1990).

Lillian C. McDermott, "A Perspective on Teacher Preparation in Physics
and Other Sciences: The Need for Special Science Courses for Teachers,
*The American Journal of Physics*, Vol.58 (1990), pp. 734-742.

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, "What We Teach and What is Learned
-- Closing the Gap," *The American Journal of Physics*, Vol.59 (1991),
pp. 701-315.

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, P. Shaffer, and M. Somers, "Research
as a Guide for Curriculum Development: An Illustration in the Context of
the Atwood's Machine," *The American Journal of Physics*, Vol.62 (1994),
pp. 46-55.

Wilbert J. McKeachie (editor), *Teaching Tips: Strategies, Research, and
Theory for College and University Teachers,* 9th edition (Lexington, MA:
D.C. Heath, 1994).

Dean McManus, "Some overlooked matters in undergraduate geoscience
education," *Journal of College Science Teaching* Vol. 24 (March/April,
1995) pp. 316-21.

Dennis G. McMinn, Kay L. Nakamaye, and Joanne A. Smieja, "Enhancing
Undergraduate Education: Curriculum Modification and Instrumentation,"
(at Gonzaga University) *Journal of Chemical Education,* Vol. 71
(September, 1994) pp. 755-8.

Ann P. Woodhull-McNeal, "Project Labs in Physiology," *Advances in
Physiology Education*, Vol. 8 (1992) pp. 29-32.

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and Michelle Murrain, "Drugs in the Nervous
System: a Course in Learning to Learn Science," *College Teaching* Vol.
42 (1994) pp. 47-50.

C. Meyers and T.B. Jones, *Promoting Active Learning: Strategies for the
College Classroom* (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1993).

J. A. Moore, "Science as a Way of Knowing: Evolutionary Biology," *The
American Zoologist*, Vol. 24 (1984), pp. 421-435.

P. Morris, S.C. Ehrmann, R. Goldsmith, K. Howat, and V. Kumar,
*Valuable, Viable Software in Education: Cases and Analysis*, (New York,
NY: Primis Division of McGraw-Hill, 1994).

Robert T. Morrison, "The Lecture System in Teaching Science,"
*Proceedings of the Chicago Conferences on Liberal Education*, Number 1,
Undergraduate Education in Chemistry and Physics (edited by Marian Rice)
(Chicago, IL: University of Chicago, The College Center for Curricular
Thought, October 18-19, 1995).

S.L. Mow & M.T. Nettles, *Minority Access to, and Persistence and
Performance in, College: A Review of the Trends and Research
Literature*, in J.C. Smart (editor), *Higher Education: Handbook of
Theory and Research, Vol. VI* (New York: Agathon Press, 1990).

Richard Murnane, John Willett, and Frank Levy, *The Growing Importance
of Cognitive Skills in Wage Determination* (Cambridge, MA: NBER Working
Paper No. 5076, March 1, 1995).

National Academy of Sciences, Committee on Science, Engineering, and
Public Policy, *Reshaping the Graduate Education of Scientists and
Engineers* (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1995).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Reinventing
Schools: The Technology is Now!; A Model for Education*; A policy
statement accessible through the NAS/NAE/IOM Internet Home Page
(HTTP://WWW.NAS.edu, go to
http://www.nap.edu/nap/online/techgap/welcome.html and choose *A Model
for Education*; based on a May 1993 Convocation at the NAS).

The National Association of Scholars, *The Dissolution of General
Education: 1914-1993* (Princeton, NJ: March 1996). An executive summary
is available on the Internet at the NAS home page.

National Center on Education and the Economy, *America\'s Choice: High
Skills or Low Wages, A Report of the Commission on the Skills of the
American Workforce* (Rochester, NY: 1990).

National Commission on Excellence in Education, *A Nation at Risk*
(Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1983).

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, *Curriculum and Evaluation
Standards for School Mathematics* (Reston, Va: 1989).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
*Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics* (Reston, VA: 1991).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
*Assessment Standards for School Mathematics*, Working Draft (October,
1993).

National Governors\' Association, *Time for Results* (Washington, DC:
National Governors\' Association Publication Office, 1986).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Making America
Work; Bringing Down the Barriers; Productive People Productive Policies*
(Washington D.C., National Governors\' Association Publication Office,
1987).

National Research Council, *Everybody Counts: A Report to the Nation on
the Future of Mathematics Education.* A joint policy statement of the
Mathematical Sciences Education Board, the Board on Mathematical
Sciences, and the Committee on Sciences in the Year 2000 (Washington DC:
National Academy Press, 1989).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Committee on the
Mathematical Sciences in the Year 2000, Moving Beyond Myths:
Revitalizing Undergraduate Mathematics (Washington, DC: National Academy
Press, 1991).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Board on Engineering
Education, Engineering Education: Designing an Adaptive System
(Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1995).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *From Analysis to Action:
Undergraduate Education in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and
Technology*, Challenge Paper for the NRC/NSF Convocation, April 9-11,
1995 (Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1995).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Committee on Undergraduate
Science Education, *Science Teaching Reconsidered: A Handbook*
(Washington, DC: National Academy Press, Draft, 1995).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, National Committee on
Science Education Standards and Assessments, *National Science Education
Standards* (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1995).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Center for Science
Mathematics, and Engineering Education, *From Analysis to Action:
Undergraduate Education in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and
Technology*, Report of a Convocation (Washington, DC: National Academy
Press, 1996).

National Science Board, Task Committee on Undergraduate Science and
Engineering Education, Homer A. Neal (Chairman), *Undergraduate Science,
Mathematics and Engineering Education; Role for the National Science
Foundation and Recommendations for Action by Other Sectors to Strengthen
Collegiate Education and Pursue Excellence in the Next Generation of
U.S. Leadership in Science and Technology,* (Washington DC: National
Science Foundation, 1986, NSB86-100).

National Science Foundation, *Changing America: The New Face of Science
and Engineering, Interim Report of the Task Force on Women, Minorities,
and the Handicapped in Science and Technology* (Washington DC: National
Science Foundation, 1988).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Report on the National
Science Foundation Disciplinary Workshops on Undergraduate Education*:
*Recommendations of the disciplinary task forces concerning issues in
U.S. undergraduate education in the Sciences, Mathematics and
Engineering* (Washington, DC: Division of Undergraduate Science,
Engineering, and Mathematics Education, National Science Foundation,
1989, NSF89-3).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Report on the National
Science Foundation Workshop on Science, Engineering and Mathematics
Education in Two-Year Colleges*, Robert E. Parilla (Chair) October 31 -
November 1, 1988 (Washington, DC: Division of Undergraduate Science,
Engineering, and Mathematics Education, National Science Foundation,
1989, NSF89-50).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Report on the National
Science Foundation Undergraduate Curriculum Development Workshop in
Materials*, October 11-13, 1989 (Washington, DC: National Science
Foundation, 1989, NSF90-60)

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, The State of Academic
Science and Engineering* (Washington, DC: National Science Foundation,
Division of Policy Research & Analysis, 1990).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Report of the National
Science Foundation Workshop on the Dissemination and Transfer of
Innovation in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Education*, Richard
D. Breslin (Chair) May 1-3, 1990 (Washington, DC: Division of
Undergraduate Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Education, National
Science Foundation, 1990, NSF91-21).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Report of the National
Science Foundation Workshop on Undergraduate Laboratory Development*
Theodore Brown and Anton Lawson (co-Chairs) June 18-19, 1990
(Washington, DC: Division of Undergraduate Science, Engineering, and
Mathematics Education, National Science Foundation, 1990, NSF91-26).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Matching Actions and
Challenges: Report of a National Science Foundation Workshop on Science,
Engineering, and Mathematics Education in Two-Year Colleges*, David
Mertes & Dale Ewen (co-Chairs) May 13-14, 1991 (Washington, DC: Division
of Undergraduate Science, Engineering and Mathematics Education,
National Science Foundation, 1991, NSF91-111).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Gateway to Diversity in
the Scientific and Technological Workforce (Washington, DC:* Directorate
for Education and Human Resources, National Science Foundation, l992,
NSF 92-99).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Partners in Progress:
Report of a National Science Foundation Workshop on the Role of
Professional Societies in Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics Education in Two-Year Colleges*, Susan Forman & James Stith
(co-Chairs) October 29-30, 1992 (Washington, DC: Division of
Undergraduate Science , Engineering and Mathematics Education, National
Science Foundation, 1992, NSF93-64).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Division of Research,
Evaluation, and Dissemination, *Indicators of Science and Mathematics
Education - 1992, First Edition* (Washington, DC: National Science
Foundation, 1993, NSF93-95).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,* *Proceedings of the
National Science Foundation Workshop on The Role of Faculty from the
Scientific Disciplines in the Undergraduate Education of Future Science
and Mathematics Teachers* (Washington DC: Division of Undergraduate
Education, 1993, NSF93-108).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*, *Gaining the Competitive
Edge: Critical Issues in Science and Engineering Technician Education,*
Timothy Collins, Don Gentry, and Vernon Crawley (Co-Chairs), Workshop on
Critical issues in Science and Engineering Technician Education
(Washington, DC: National Science Foundation, 1993, NSF94-32).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,* Expert Panel for the
Review of Federal Education Programs in SMET, *The Federal Investment in
Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education: Where Now?
What Next?* (Washington, DC: NSF, 1993).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Innovation and Change
in the Chemistry Curriculum,* Seyhan Ege and Orville Chapman (Co-Chairs)
(Washington, DC: Division of Undergraduate Education, National Science
Foundation, 1993, NSF94-l9).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Foundation for the
Future* (Arlington, VA: Directorate for Education and Human Resources,
National Science Foundation, 1994, NSF94-65).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Foundation for the
Future: The Systemic Cornerstone* (Arlington, VA: Directorate for
Education and Human Resources, National Science Foundation, 1994,
NSF94-121).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Federal Support to
Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions: Fiscal Year 1992*
(Surveys of Science Resources Studies, Detailed Statistical Tables,
NSF94-324).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *NSF in a Changing World,
The National Science Foundation's Strategic Plan* (full text: NSF 95-24,
executive summary: NSF 95-142).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Foundation for the
Future: Turning Points* (Arlington, VA: Directorate for Education and
Human Resources, National Science Foundation, 1995, NSF95-36).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*, Division of
Undergraduate Education, *Project Impact: Disseminating Innovation in
Undergraduate Education, Abstracts of Projects: Things That Work*
(Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation, 1995, NSF95-70).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*, *Teacher Preparation and
NSF Collaboratives for Excellence in Teacher Preparation,* FY93 and 94
Awards (Washington, DC: National Science Foundation, Division of
Undergraduate Education, 1995, NSF95-73).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*, *Restructuring
Engineering Education: A Focus on Change*, Report of an NSF Workshop on
Engineering Education (Washington, DC: Division of Undergraduate
Education, National Science Foundation, 1995, NSF95-65).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Division of
Undergraduate Education, Directorate for Education and Human Resources,
*Undergraduate Education in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and
Technology; Program Announcement and Guidelines* (NSF 96-10).

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*, *Contributions of the
Social Sciences to the National Science Foundation Review of
Undergraduate Education*, A Workshop, February 22, 1996. See Draft
Report (March 6, 1996).

Katherine J. Nevins, "Understanding Students as Learners: Using Student
Development Models," SPECTRUM Program at Bethel College, St. Paul, MN
\[SPECTRUM = Scholars Pursuing Educational Competencies to Reach
Undergraduate Maturity\], *Liberal Education*, Vol. 78
(January/February, 1992) pp. 24-7.

William H. Newell, "Academic Disciplines and Undergraduate
Interdisciplinary Education: Lessons from the School of
Interdisciplinary Studies at Miami University, Ohio," *European Journal
of Education*, Vol. 27, No.3 (1992) pp. 211-21.

Eli M. Noam, "Electronics and the Dim Future of the University,"
*Science,* (October 13, 1995), pages 247-249.

J. D. Novak, and D. B. Gowin, *Learning How to Learn* (New York,
Cambridge University Press, 1984).

Lyman O\'Neal and Jerry Skelton, "Teaching Undergraduate Ecology Through
Adventure and Travel in the United States," *Journal of College Science
Teaching*, Vol. 21 (December,1991 /January, 1992)\
pp. 154-8.

E. T. Pascarella, and P. T. Terenzini, *How College Affects Students.
Findings and Insights from Twenty Years of Research* (San Francisco, CA:
Jossey-Bass, 1991).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, "Living with
Myths: Undergraduate Education in America," *Change*, Vol. 26
(January/February, 1994) pp. 28-32.

Physics Today, "Roundtable: Whither Now Our Research Universities?"
*Physics Today* (March, 1995)\
pp. 42-51.

Baron Perlman and Lee McCann, "The Place of Mathematics and Science in
Undergraduate Psychology Education," *Teaching of Psychology*, Vol. 20
(December, 1993) pp. 205-8.

The Pew Higher Education Roundtable, "To Dance with Change," *Policy
Perspectives* (A Publication of the Pew Higher Education Roundtable),
Vol. 5, No. 3, Section A (April, 1994), pp. 1-12.

Karl S. Pister, *Report to the University-wide Task Force on Faculty
Rewards* (Oakland, CA: Office of the President, University of
California, 1991).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, "Renewing the Research University," *University of
California at Santa Cruz Review* (Winter 1996).

H.B. Posner and J.A. Markstein, "Cooperative Learning in Introductory
Cell and Molecular Biology," *Journal of College Science Teaching*,
Vol.23 (1994), pp. 231-233.

Anne Reynolds, "What is Competent Beginning Teaching? A Review of the
Literature," *Review of Educational Research*, Vol. 62 (1992), pp. 1-36.

S.A. Rice, *Report of the Symposium on Undergraduate Education in
Chemistry and Physics* (Chicago, IL: Chemistry Department, University of
Chicago, April, 1986).

R.C. Richardson & L.W. Bender, *Fostering Minority Access and
Achievement in Higher Education* (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1987).

Robert W. Ricci, Mauri A. Ditzler, and Ronald M. Jarret, "The Holy Cross
Discovery Chemistry Program," (Project supported by the NSF Division of
Undergraduate Education) *Journal of Chemical Education,* Vol. 71 (May,
1994) pp. 404-5.

V. Richardson, "Significant and Worthwhile Change in Teaching Practice,"
*Educational Researcher*, (October, 1990) pp. 10-17.

Iris C. Rotberg, \"Resources and Reality: The Participation of
Minorities in Science and Engineering,\" *Phi Delta Kappan*, Vol. 71,
No. 9, (1990) pp. 672-679.

Inez Rovegno, "Content-knowledge Acquisition During Undergraduate
Teacher Education: Overcoming Cultural Templates and Learning Through
Practice," *American Educational Research Journal*, Vol. 30 (Fall, 1993)
pp. 611-42. \[Available at GWU\]

S.B. Sarason, K.S. Davidson, and B. Blatt, *The Preparation of Teachers:
An Unstudied Problem in Education* (Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books,
1986).

School Science and Mathematics Association, *National Science Foundation
/ School Science and Mathematics Association Wingspread Conference: A
Network for Integrated Science and Mathematics Teaching and Learning*
(Held at Racine, WI, 1991) (Bowling Green, OH: School Science and
Mathematics Association, 1994).

Arnold E. Seigel and Cynthia Davis, "Televising Undergraduate
Engineering Courses: a Survey," *Engineering Education*, Vol. 81
(July/August, 1991) pp. 482-3.

Elaine Seymour and Nancy Hewitt, *Talking About Leaving: Factors
Contributing to High Attrition Rates Among Science, Mathematics, and
Engineering Undergraduate Majors* (Boulder, CO: Bureau of Sociological
Research, University of Colorado, 1994).

Bonney H. Sheahan and John A. White, "Quo Vadis, Undergraduate
Engineering Education?" *Engineering Education*, Vol. 80 (December,
1990) pp. 1017-22.

Sigma Xi, *An Exploration of the Nature and Quality of Undergraduate
Education in Science, Mathematics and Engineering*, A Report of the
National Advisory Group of Sigma XI, The Scientific Research Society,
sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the Johnson Foundation,
The Wingspread Meeting \[Racine, WI: January 23-26, 1989\] (New Haven,
CT: Sigma XI, 1989) \[Address: 345 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT
06511\].

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Entry-level Undergraduate Courses in Science,
Mathematics and Engineering: An Investment in Human Resources*, An
initiative of Sigma XI, The Scientific Research Society, Committee on
Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education, supported by the
National Science Foundation and The Johnson Foundation, June 21-24, 1990
(Research Triangle Park, NC: 1990).

K.L. Smith, "Collaborative and Interactive Writing for Increasing
Communication Skills," *Hispania*, Vol. 73, No. 1, (1990) pp. 77-87.

R. Slavin, "Research on Cooperative Learning: Consensus and
Controversy," *Educational leadership : Journal of the Department of
Supervision and Curriculum Development, National Education Association*,
Vol. 47 (1989), pp. 52-54.

Page Smith, *Killing the Spirit, Higher Education in America*, (New
York, NY: Viking Penguin, 1990).

Timothy Stanton, "Liberal Arts, Experiential Learning and Public
Service: Necessary Ingredients for Socially Responsible Undergraduate
Education," *The Journal of Cooperative Education*, Vol. 27 (Fall, 1991)
pp. 55-72.

Lynn Arthur Steen, "Reaching for Science Literacy," *Change*
(July/August, 1991), pages 11-19.

John Richard Tinker, Jr., "Undergraduate Education in Hydrogeology,"
*Journal of Geological Education*, Vol. 37 (January, 1989) pp. 20-3.

Shiela Tobias, *They\'re Not Dumb, They\'re Different* (Tucson, AZ:
Research Corporation, 1990).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Stalking the Second Tier* (Tucson, AZ: Research
Corporation, 1990).

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, *Revitalizing Undergraduate Science: Why Some
Things Work and Most Don't* (Tucson, AZ: Research Corporation, 1992).

K. Tobin, D.J. Tippins, and A. Gallard, "Research on Instructional
Strategies for Teaching Science," in D.L. Gabel (editor), *Handbook of
Research on Science Teaching and Learning* (New York, NY: Macmillan,
1994).

J. Trefil and R.M. Hazen, *The Sciences: An Integrated Approach* (New
York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1995).

Alan C. Tucker and James R. Leitzel, *Assessing Calculus Reform Efforts,
A Report to the Community* (Washington, DC: Mathematical Association of
America, 1995).

Harriet Tyson, *Who Will Teach the Children? Progress and Resistance in
Teacher Education* (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1994).

U.S. Congress, House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology,
Subcommittee on Science, *The Quality of Undergraduate Science
Education: Hearing*, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session, March
31, 1992 (Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992, No.
105).

U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,
*The Condition of Education: A Statistical Report* (Washington, DC: U.S.
Dept of Education, NCES, 1987 through 1995).

U.S. Department of Energy, *Science and Engineering Research Semester
for Undergraduate Students, Program Description and Application,*
(Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research,
1993).

U.S. Department of Labor, *What Work Requires of Schools* (Washington,
DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991).

U.S. Department of Labor, Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary
Skills (SCANS), *Learning A Living: A Blueprint for High Performance, A
Scans Report for America 2000* (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing
Office, April, l992).

William E. Vandament, "Those Who Would Reform Undergraduate Education
Must Recognize the Realities of Academic Governance*," The Chronicle of
Higher Education*, Vol. 35 (November 30, 1988) p. A52.

Anne-Lee Verville, "What Business Needs form Higher Education,"
*Educational Record* (Fall, 1995), pp. 46-50.

Charles Vest, *The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Report of the
President for the Academic Year 1994-1995* (Cambridge MA: MIT Press, Jan
6, 1996).

S.B. Watson and J.E. Marshall, "Effects of Cooperative Incentives and
Heterogeneous Arrangement on Achievement and Interaction of Cooperative
Learning Groups in a College Life Science Course," *Journal of Research
in Science Teaching*, Vol. 32 (1995), pp. 291-299.

James C. Weisshaar, "Frontier Chemistry for Freshmen," (Project
supported by the NSF Division of Undergraduate Education) *Journal of
Chemical Education,* Vol. 71 (March, 1994) pp. 225-6.

Kenneth G. Wilson and Bennett Daviss, *Redesigning Education*, (New
York, NY: Henry Holt, 1994, 254 pages; and also
http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/\~kgw/RE.html).

W.R. Wineke & P. Certain, Co-Chairs, *The Freshman Year in Science and
Engineering: Old Problems, New Perspectives for Research Universities*,
April 6-7, 1990 (University Park, PA: The Alliance for Undergraduate
Education, 1990). \[Address: 405 Old Main, University Park, PA 16802.\]

Wingspread Conference on Teacher Preparation (at Racine, WI in 1984),
*An Urgent Imperative: Proceedings of the Wingspread Conference on
Teacher Preparation* (Washington, DC: American Association of State
Colleges and Universities, 1986).

Wingspread Conference (at Colorado Springs, CO during June 8-12, 1987),
*Communication is Life: Essential College Sophomore Speaking and
Listening Competencies* (Annandale, VA: Speech Communication
Association, 1990).

The Wingspread Conference*, National Life Science Education Summit -
Report of the Wingspread Conference* \[February 1-3, 1991, South
Carolina\] sponsored by the Johnson Foundation and the American Society
for Microbiology, (Racine, WI: 1991).

Wingspread Group on Higher Education, William E. Brock (Chair), *An
American Imperative: Higher Expectations for Higher Education*, (Racine,
WI: The Johnson Foundation, 1993).

D.R. Woods, "Teaching and Learning: What Can Research Tell Us?" *Journal
of College Science Teaching*, Vol. 25 (1995) pp. 229-232.

Gene Wright, Andersen Consulting, in "Consulting Giant's Hot Offer:
Jobs, Jobs, Jobs," *The Wall Street Journal* (March 16, 1996), page B6.

William A. Wulf, "Warning: Information Technology Will Transform the
University," *Issues in Science and Technology*, (Summer, 1995), pages
46-52.

Shoshana Zuboff, *In the Age of the Smart Machine* (New York, NY: Basic
Books, 1989).