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+---+---------+---------+---+-------+--------------+----------------------+
| P |         |         |   | Rev   |              | Approved by:         |
| r |         |         |   | iewed |              |                      |
| e |         |         |   | by:   |              | \[Name\]             |
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| a |         |         |   |       |              | \[                   |
| r |         |         |   |       |              | division/institute\] |
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| d |         |         |   |       |              | \[electronic.mail\]  |
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+---+---------+---------+---+-------+--------------+----------------------+
|   |         |         |   |       |              |                      |
+---+---------+---------+---+-------+--------------+----------------------+
|   | History |         |   |       |              |                      |
|   | of      |         |   |       |              |                      |
|   | Changes |         |   |       |              |                      |
+---+---------+---------+---+-------+--------------+----------------------+
|   | Rev.    | Date    | P |       | Description  |                      |
|   | No.     |         | a |       | of Changes   |                      |
|   |         |         | g |       |              |                      |
|   |         |         | e |       |              |                      |
|   |         |         | s |       |              |                      |
+---+---------+---------+---+-------+--------------+----------------------+
|   | 1.0     | 4       | A |       | Submitted    |                      |
|   |         | -Sep-02 | l |       |              |                      |
|   |         |         | l |       |              |                      |
+---+---------+---------+---+-------+--------------+----------------------+

Table of Contents (not compulsory, can be removed)

[1. overview 4](#overview)

[1.1 Introduction 4](#introduction)

[1.2 why an upgrade? 4](#why-an-upgrade)

[1.2.1 problems and limitations with the current system
5](#problems-and-limitations-of-the-current-system)

[1.2.2 Upgrade proposal 5](#upgrade-proposal)

[2. Functional specifications and requirements
6](#functional-specifications-and-requirements)

[2.1 Recycler operational modes 6](#recycler-operational-modes)

[2.2 Alignment requirements 6](#alignment-requirements)

[2.3 system proformance Requirements
6](#system-proformance-requirements)

[2.4 ion clearing 7](#ion-clearing)

[3. Beam position Monitor software 7](#beam-position-monitor-software)

[3.1 Architecture 7](#architecture)

[4. Reliability Requirements 8](#tests-and-reliability-requirements)

[4.1 Tests 8](#tests)

[4.2 spares 9](#spares)

[5. Schedule and task distribution 9](#schedule-and-task-distribution)

# overview

## Introduction

> Fermilab's Recycler Ring is an 8 GeV storage ring constructed of
> permanent magnets. It will increase Tevatron collider luminosity in
> two ways. First, "used' antiprotons at the end of a store will be
> "recycled' and cooled in the Recycler. Also, Accumulator high
> antiproton production rate will be maintained by periodically sending
> its stack to the Recycler for storage. The entire project was a late
> addition to the Main Injector project, funded with contingency money.
> The resulting time and money constraints played a role during
> subsystem development.
>
> Besides the task of orbit measurement, the Beam Position Monitor
> system is also used for ion clearing. In fact, this dominated the
> decision to use two BPM detectors per half-cell, or 414 BPMs for the
> 3320 meter ring. The associated beamlines have an additional 28 BPMs.
>
> For injection into and extraction of beam out of the Recycler, the BPM
> system is required to measure beam with 2.5 MHz or 7.5 MHz RF
> structures. In the storage/cooling operational mode, the Recycler will
> have up to three partitions of beam at a time: cooled, warmer, and
> injected beam. These partitions will be separated by six RF barriers
> created by the wideband RF system. In this mode no other RF will be
> used to modulate the beam, so the roughly 1 microsecond beam
> distribution edges at the barrier buckets will produce the only
> signals for BPM processing, which necessitates good low frequency
> sensitivity. The rest of the current processing chain is based on
> logarithmic amplifiers, or logamps, before a timing module and
> commercial digitizers.

The current recycler BPM system consists of 0.3m long elliptical
split-plate detectors matching the Recycler beam pipe shape, with axis
dimensions 96mm by 44mm (See Drawing ME-341064). In (some of) the
straight sections the Recycler uses round BPM that have a 4" aperture
(See Drawing ME-341066).

A brief account of the current system is as follows: in the Main
Injector tunnel, the BPM electrodes reside in vacuum inside the Recycler
beampipe. The capacitances of the BPM electrodes and inductors at the
input of the first pre-amp form a resonant circuit at 7.5 MHz with a Q
of about 6. A second amplification stage with another 7.5 MHz resonant
circuit (Q\~15) is used to drive the long cable runs from the tunnel to
the service buildings. The signals upstairs are transformed from
differential to single-ended and routed to the logamp modules which
provide the A/B signals to the digitizers and ACNET front-end. The
output of the logamp is a sample and hold signal triggered relative to
beam revolution markers.

## why an upgrade?

A proposal was made to upgrade the Recycler BPM system to incorporate
digital receivers instead of the logamp modules currently in use. This
proposal has been motivated by the necessity to overcome the inherent
limitations as well as performance shortfalls of the current system.

### problems and limitations of the current system

> During beam transfer from the Main Injector to the Recycler, the beam
> is coalesced in the Main Injector into four 2.5 MHz buckets, which are
> transferred bucket-to-bucket into the Recycler. The 7.5 MHz frequency
> content of the 4 bunches of 2.5 MHz beam is not only attenuated but
> also sensitive to the phase details of the coalescing and the RF
> bucket alignment. This has the net result of inconsistent, noisy
> position measurements. The position measurements also exhibit a
> dependence on beam intensity.
>
> The current BPM system has a poor transient response due to the log
> non-conformity error inherent in the logamp modules and the critical
> need for channel matching. One of the typical method for orbit closure
> in a storage ring is to use a BPM system to compare the position of
> the first turn of beam to the closed orbit and use the information to
> adjust the elements in the injection beamline to match to the
> preferred position and angle at the injection point. This task is
> hindered by the poor transient resolution of the current system.
>
> In the current BPM pre-amp configuration, the two BPM plates also
> capacitively couple the two pre-amp input LCR circuits together so
> mixing of the A and B signals occur in time. The result is a position
> measurement that decays in time, consequently the position magnitude
> depends on the timing of sampling.
>
> Furthermore, a switch that routes a 7.5 MHz CW signal to the input of
> the first stage pre-amps has been discovered to fail in time, with the
> possible fialure mode of gradual increase in conductivity to ground.
>
> In summary, the current BPM system with the current logamp modules
> display the following problems:

-   Poor transient (first turn) measurement of beam position

-   Poor consistency of measurements of the same beam

-   Uncertainty in offset (zero = physical center of BPM?)

-   Inconsistencies in reported relative position (orbit difference)

-   Measured relative displacements fall short of model prediction

-   Poor measurement reproducibility on longer time scale

-   Uncertainty in reported absolute position

### Upgrade proposal

A proposal to upgrade the Recycler BPM system can be found in the
following link:

<http://www-rfi.fnal.gov/global/DR-BPM/index.html>. This approach
requires modifications of the pre-amps in the tunnel, and the
replacements of the logamps with commercial digital receivers in the
service buildings. This document will state the expected performance
from the upgrade, the extent of work necessary, the personnel in both RF
& I and the Recycler group responsible for individual tasks, and a
proposed schedule of testing and installation.

# Functional specifications and requirements

## Recycler operational modes

> **Run Scenarios/Operations Modes**: (Protons and Anti-Protons)
>
> **2.5 MHz**; In this mode of operation Main Injector completes a
> bucket to bucket transfer of 4 coalesced (2.5 Mhz) bunches spaced 21
> 53 Mhz buckets apart into the Recycler. The Recycler captures the beam
> in 2.5 Mhz buckets spaced 21 53 Mhz buckets apart.
>
> **7.5 MHz**; In this mode of operation Main Injector completes a
> bucket to bucket transfer of 4 coalesced (2.5 Mhz) bunches spaced 21
> 53 Mhz buckets apart into the Recycler. The Recycler captures the beam
> in 2.5 Mhz buckets spaced 21 53 Mhz buckets apart. In this case the
> Recycler also plays out a 7.5 Mhz waveform on top of the 2.5Mhz
> waveform.
>
> **89 KHz debunched beam in barrier buckets**; Barrier buckets in the
> Recycler are typically 40 buckets wide (53 Mhz buckets) and can have
> separations from 20 to 504 buckets with varying intensity listed in
> the Dynamic Range.

## Alignment requirements

> The required relative alignment of the detector is defined in the
> Alignment Reference Table. The positions of the Beam Position Monitors
> also have a specific offset from the center line of the adjcent
> (magnet) depending on the type of gradient magnets at the given
> location.

**Table 1** Alignment Requirements

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  Tolerance -- Beam Position Monitor              Value

  Transverse Offset                               .25 mm

  Relative Roll                                   5 mrad
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

## system proformance Requirements 

> **The BPM system must be able to measure position of beam with the
> following RF Frequencies:**$$

1.  4 x 2.5MHz bunches ($\sigma_{t}$= 25 to 50 nsec.)

2.  12 x 7.5MHz bunches ($\sigma_{t}$= 6 to 12 nsec.)

3.  Barrier buckets with de-bunched beam (89 KHz)***.***

> **Dynamic range**: To be able to measure from 0.3E10/bunch (1.2E10
> total) to 7.5E10/bunch (30E10 total) particles (injected beam), and 1
> to 400E10 particles (stored beam).

  

**Measurement Specifics:**

** **

> 1\)

For less than 1E10 particles or greater than 10mm amplitude: 1.5mm RMS
in absolute position and 0.5mm RMS resolution/reproducibility --
subsequent measurements on the same beam

> 2\) For greater than 10E10 particles and less than 10mm amplitude:
> 0.5mm RMS in absolute position and 0.15mm RMS
> resolution/reproducibility -- subsequent measurements on the same beam

3\) Ability to close the Recycler injection orbit to the Closed orbit to
\< 0.25 mm. We do this in MI with 53 MHz - this is a question of whether
one uses a first turn flash or a BLT to do the closure.

> 4\) Day to day stability (with automatic calibration procedure if
> needed) to the level of 2 and 3.

5\) Timing, global, house and BPM delay and calibration procedures to be
documented and provided to MI staff.

## ion clearing

> Two ion clearing high voltages, up to +/- 500v, are applies to the
> detector plates through the pre-amp box. The high voltage supplies
> will be interlocked and seperately controlled via the control system.
> The clearing power supplies for a sector are daisy-chained via the BPM
> plates (See Ref. X for specifications for Clearing Electrode Power
> Supply.).

# Beam position Monitor software

## Architecture

> The BPM package must provide real time data acquisition modes,
> operation mode coordination, and data scaling and access methods. The
> real-time component of this package implements the five required
> operational modes:

-   Background Flash Mode

-   Flash Mode

-   Closed Orbit Mode

-   Turn by Turn Mode

    Data Acquisition Mode: Each of the above modes of operation should
    have the following triggering capabilities:

```{=html}
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-   **Azimuthal delay** encoded with in a MDAT signal setting the global
    delay. This MDAT marks the start point of the different segments of
    beam within the Recycler to a 53 Mhz resolution.

-   **Start event** specifies the RRBS event to be used to start the
    data acquisition mode of Flash, Turn-By-Turn, Closed Orbit.

-   **Turn Number** specifies the turn number to be collected for flash
    and turn-by-turn modes.

-   **Number Turns** specifies the number of turns to average over for
    closed orbit and turn-by-turn modes.

-   **BeginTurnNum** specifies on which turn to start acquiring data for
    turn-by-turn mode.

1.  **Background Flash:** Azimuthal delay

    -   Start asynchronously

    -   Acquire on RRBS 0xC0 revolution marker (plus Azimuthal delay)

    -   Update single turn data sample MDAT synchronous at 200 Hz

    -   No history buffer

    -   Not for the 89 KHz mode

2.  **Flash (**Azimuthal delay, Start event, turn number)

    -   Start RRBS trigger event "start event"

    -   Acquire on RRBS 0xC0 revolution marker (plus Azimuthal delay)

    -   Store single turn data for "turn number"

    -   100 element history buffer

    -   Not for the 89 KHz mode

3.  **Closed Orbit (**Azimuthal delay, number turns)

    -   Start on first 720 Hz MDAT message after 0xDA RRBS event

    -   Acquire on RRBS 0xC0 revolution marker (plus Azimuthal delay)

    -   Average "number turns" data sample MDAT synchronous to 720 Hz

4.  **Turn By Turn (**Azimuthal delay, Start event, Begin turn, number
    turns, Horz channel, Vert channel)

    -   Start RRBS trigger event "start event"

    -   Acquire on RRBS 0xC0 revolution marker (plus Azimuthal delay)

    -   Store "number turns" consecutive turns starting at turn "Begin
        Turn"

    -   Not for the 89KHz mode

# tests and Reliability Requirements

## Tests

The new system must go through a rigorous testing procedure with
Recycler beam in addition to lab tests made during development. A list
of measurements will be performed by Recycler personnel to certify that
the new system meets the performance requirements. The following is a
summary of tests that will be performed on the test channels using
Recycler beam.

1\. Three bump scale and linearity measurement and comparison with the
model.

2\. BPM noise measurement.

3\. Beam position stability over long time (hour, day) for stored beam.

4\. Beam position stability for repeat injection (proper orbit closure).

5\. Beam Position vs. Beam Intensity measurement.

6\. Beam Position vs. Injection Phase Error measurement.

7\. Position of 2.5 MHz beam with a large amount of debunched beam
nearby.

8\. Position of debunched beam in the barrier bucket, leading and
trailing edges.

9.  System sensitivity over a large range of RF voltage (Beam Position
    vs. Bunch Width

> measurement without barrier bucket).

10\. Test the transient response besides moving phase and TBT
measurement.

-   **The measured position in the above tests must satisfy the
    requirements outlined in 2.3.**

-   **The tunnel electronics must be able to withstand beam loss
    radiation during normal operation without failure.**

-   **All component failure encountered during tests are assumed to be
    re-occuring unless causes are understood and eliminated.**

## spares

> A complete set of fully tested system components will be kept as
> spares. The spares will include a kit of field added parts necessary
> to allow it to be installed in any location.

# Schedule and task distribution

Described below is schedule with listed milestone that will need to be
met to complete this system project in the prescribe time frame.

1.  System testing

    a.  Install the modified pre-amps, transition and DDC modules for
        the test channels by 10/01 (Peter Prieto).

    b.  Finish front-end software by 10/07 (Duane Voy).

    c.  Finish data acquisition software by 10/07 (Tom Meyer).

    d.  Finish MDAT decoder integration into current system by 10/07
        (Craig).

    e.  Finish MDAT decoder integration into the current system by 10/18
        (Craig McClure -- still working -- to be done).

    f.  Make measurements with test channels (4.1) and determine whether
        the performance meets the requirements (2.3) by 10/24 (Brajesh
        Choudhary and Martin Hu).

    g.  Test with 2^nd^ set of 4 channels by 10/28 (Brajesh Choudhary &
        Martin Hu)

    h.  Make decision of which and how many BPM's to replace and which
        to leave alone in the Recycler -- 10/30 (Shekhar Mishra, Brajesh
        Choudhary, & Jim Crisp).

2.  System installation for January shutdown (All these dates are old
    and pre-review -- will change -- Brajesh Choudhary on 4^th^ Nov
    2002)

    a.  Complete and send out all purchasing orders by 10/22 (Jim,
        Peter).

    b.  Install all new crates, transition modules and terminate new
        cables upstairs by 01/15/2003 (Peter).

    c.  Complete tunnel pre-amp modifications during the first two weeks
        of shutdown (Peter).

    d.  Complete tunnel calibration work during shutdown (Peter,
        Warren).