Archived Information

**EDUCATION FOR HOMELESS CHILDREN AND YOUTH PROGRAM**

# **TITLE VII, SUBTITLE B**

## OF THE

# **STEWART B. McKINNEY HOMELESS ASSISTANCE ACT**

### **REPORT TO CONGRESS**

#### FISCAL YEAR 1997

![](media/image1.png){width="2.479861111111111in"
height="2.4930555555555554in"}

This report is written in accordance with Section 722(f)(4) of the
Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act, Title VII-B (42 USC 11431
[et seq.]{.underline})

##### UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

# REPORT TO CONGRESS

FISCAL YEAR 1997

EDUCATION FOR HOMELESS CHILDREN AND YOUTH

##### 

##### 

##### 

##### 

##### **TABLE OF CONTENTS**

###### Introduction Page 1

Summary of Data from Previous Reports Page 2

Summary of Data Included in 1997 SEA Reports Page 3

Appendices:

Appendix A. Number of Homeless Children and Youth By Page 7

Appendix B. Number of Homeless Children and Youth Enrolled Page 10

Appendix C. Number of Homeless Children and Youth Regularly Attending
Page 14

Appendix D. Number of Homeless Preschool Age Children Enrolled Page 18

Appendix E. Number of Homeless Children and Youth Without Residences
Page 22

**REPORT TO CONGRESS**

AGENCY: U.S. Department of Education

PROGRAM: Education for Homeless Children and Youth

STATUTE: Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act, Title VII-B (42USC
11431 [et]{.underline} [seq.]{.underline})

SUBJECT: A compilation of the reports submitted by States in accordance
with Section 722(f)(4) of the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance
Act

> **INTRODUCTION**

In accordance with Section 722(f)(4) of the Act, State educational
agencies (SEAs) are instructed to submit reports to the Secretary every
three years that include (1) estimates of the number and location of
homeless children and youth in their States, (2) comprehensive
information on the nature and extent of the problems and barriers
homeless children and youth experience in gaining access to public
preschool programs and to public elementary and secondary schools, and
(3) the difficulties in identifying the specials needs of homeless
children and youth, any progress made in the States in addressing such
problems and difficulties, and the States' success in allowing homeless
children and youth to enroll in, attend, and succeed in school. This
report summarizes data reported by States and other jurisdictions
(hereafter referred to as States) for the period ending October 1, 1997.

State educational agencies in 50 States, Guam, Palau, Puerto Rico, the
Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) received fiscal year
(FY) 1997 funds under this program. All SEAs receiving program funds
submitted reports to the Department with the exception of Arizona, the
District of Columbia (the District has declined federal funds
administered under this program), Idaho, and Wyoming. Additionally, the
Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands did not
submit reports, since they receive funds through a consolidated funds
system.

In the original McKinney legislation, SEAs were required to gather data
annually on the number and location of homeless children and youth in
the State. The McKinney Homeless Assistance Amendments of 1990 changed
this responsibility to a biennial requirement. The 1990 amendments also
directed the Secretary to conduct a study to determine the best means of
identifying, locating, and counting homeless children and youth.

In response to that legislative mandate, the Department contracted with
the Urban Institute to develop alternative approaches for obtaining
consistent national estimates of the number of homeless children and
youth, their educational needs, and their living situations.[^1] The
Urban Institute presented various national data collection designs. The
most complete design involved using primary data collection (interviews)
with service-using and street homeless, and an add-on to a national
survey to obtain data on doubled-up households. A separate design was
recommended to count homeless street youth, who would likely be missed
in the other design approaches. These data collection designs were never
funded.

The Department's 1991 and 1995 reports to Congress stated that due to
problems with gathering data on homeless children and youth, the
information contained in the report should be viewed with caution. In
spite of efforts by the Department and the States, the problems
associated with identification, duplication, extrapolation, and
differing State definitions of homelessness continue. We advise,
therefore, that the information contained in this report also be viewed
cautiously as estimates rather than as precise numbers.[^2] As a part of
the reauthorization of the program, the Department is exploring ways of
obtaining more accurate data concerning the numbers of homeless children
and youth and the difficulties they face in enrolling, attending, and
succeeding in school.

Department guidance regarding the current data collection asked States
to make adjustments, to the extent possible, for duplication. However,
not all States were able to do so. In addition, some segments of the
homeless population, such as those temporarily in doubled-up housing
(i.e., children sharing housing with other families or relatives because
of loss of housing or other similar situations and preschool-age
children not attending preschool or residing in a shelter), are
extraordinarily difficult to identify. Not all States included these
populations in their counts.

## 

## SUMMARY OF DATA FROM PREVIOUS SEA REPORTS

The data received from SEA reports confirm independent studies and
research conducted outside of the Department regarding the educational
status of homeless children and youth. Reports indicate that many
homeless children and youth are not enrolled in school, and most are
likely to have poor attendance records. When compared with poor housed
children, homeless children and youth are almost three times more likely
to miss three or more weeks of school in a three-month period.
Preschool-age homeless children are at particularly high risk. In one
study of this age group, more than half of the homeless preschoolers
manifested serious emotional and developmental delays. When compared
with poor, housed children, homeless children were slower in language
development, motor skills, fine-motor coordination, and personal and
social ability.[^3] The following provides information regarding the
numbers of homeless children and youth according to prior data collected
from States by the Department:

**NUMBERS OF SCHOOL-AGE HOMELESS CHILDREN AND YOUTH**

1989 \-- States reported approximately **272,773** school-age homeless
(K-12)

1991 \-- States reported approximately **327,416** school-age homeless
(K-12)

1993 \-- States reported approximately **744,266** school-age homeless
(K-12)

1997 \-- States reported approximately **625,330** school-age homeless
(K-12) [^4]

States reported approximately **216,391** preschool-age children [^5]

For the purposes of the most recent data collection, the Department
requested that States provide an estimate of the total number of
homeless children and youth, the number of homeless children and youth
enrolled in public school, and the number of homeless children and youth
regularly attending school.

1997 \-- **12%** of homeless children and youth (K-12) **were not
enrolled** in

school during their homelessness.

**10%** of homeless children (K-5) **were not enrolled** in school
during

their homelessness.

**24%** of homeless youth (9-12) **were not enrolled** in school during

their homelessness.

**REGULAR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE**

1997 \-- **45%** of homeless children and youth (K-12) were **not
attending school**

**on a regular basis** during their homelessness.

**NUMBER OF HOMELESS PRESCHOOL CHILDREN**

1997 \-- States reported approximately 216,391 preschool homeless
children.[^6]

Approximately **21** percent of preschool homeless children are enrolled

in preschool programs.

**SUMMARY OF DATA INCLUDED IN 1997 SEA REPORTS**

This report compiles data submitted by States regarding the total
numbers of homeless children and youth including preschoolers in each
State, the number enrolled in school, the number regularly attending
school, and the location of their nighttime residence. This report also
summarizes data from States on the special service needs of homeless
children and youth and the reasons such children and youth do not attend
school.

***Reasons Homeless Children and Youth Are Not Attending School***

States provided data on a number of reasons why homeless children and
youth did not attend school. From the States that had the largest number
of homeless children and youth, (California, Florida, Indiana, Michigan,
New York, Ohio, and Texas) the most commonly reported reasons in order
of their frequency are:

-   Lack of transportation to or from temporary residence;

-   Lack of school records\--academic, health, and immunization;

-   State guardianship/residency requirements not uniformly interpreted
    by schools;

-   Lack of birth certificates

***Unique Needs of Homeless Children and Youth***

States were asked to indicate the extent (major or minor) to which the
educational and school-related activities listed below are needed to
ensure the individual success of homeless children and youth. The major
needs to be addressed to ensure the academic success of homeless
children and youth, according to their frequency and the number of
States that reported them as such, are as follows:

-   Tutoring/Remediation (44 States)

-   Transportation (40 States)

-   Preschool Programs (39 States)

-   Records Transfer (24 States)

-   Enrollment (23 States)

-   Special Education (20 States)

***Access to Federal Programs***

States provided data for school year 1996-97 identifying Federal
programs that homeless children

and youth, including preschoolers, had difficulty accessing. Of the 47
States that submitted

data reports:

-   59 percent of States reported difficulties accessing Title I
    program;

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   39 percent of States reported difficulties accessing both Head Start
    and Special

> Education programs; and

-   20 percent of States report difficulties accessing Head Start
    programs only.

-   The Department's Director of Title I and Assistant Secretary of
    Special Education

> programs will continue conversations and explore approaches to better
> address the
>
> logistical concerns of providing services to homeless children and
> youth, in accordance
>
> with the revised regulations of the Individuals with Disabilities
> Education Act (IDEA).
>
> Additionally, language has been included in other federal program
> legislation
>
> (Department of Health and Human Services) to address services to
> homeless children

eligible for Head Start.

# 

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # Appendices                                                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**\[Note:** Due to problems with gathering data on homeless children and
youth for Department's 1991 and 1995 reports to Congress the contained
in the report should be viewed with caution.

In spite of efforts by the Department and the States, the problems
associated with identification, duplication, extrapolation, and
differing State definitions of homelessness continue.**\]**

Appendix A

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # **Total Number of Homeless Children and Youth by Grade Level**      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**TABLE 1: Total Number of Homeless Children and Youth by Grade Level**

Table 1 shows the grade levels of the total number of homeless children
and youth reported in each State. The data instrument requested that
States provide the estimated number of homeless children and youth in
their State according to grade level. States reported a total of 625,330
homeless school-age children and youth, of whom:

-   50 percent were in grades K-5;

-   22 percent were in grades 6-8; and

-   24 percent were in grades K-5

(Percentages do not total 100 because Washington did not submit a break
down of their homeless population by grade level but was included in the
total number for this category)

+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **State**   | **K-5**     | **6th-8th**  | **9th-12th** | *        |
|             |             |              |              | *Total** |
|             | **Homeless  | **Homeless   | **Homeless   |          |
|             | children    | children**   | children**   |          |
|             | and youth** |              |              |          |
|             |             | **and        | **and        |          |
|             |             | youth**      | youth**      |          |
+=============+=============+==============+==============+==========+
| **Alabama** | 642         | 4572         | 1832         | 7046     |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Alaska**  | 184         | 229          | 944          | 1357     |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Ar        | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-       |
| izona**[^7] |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| *           | 4222        | 1424         | 2230         | 7876     |
| *Arkansas** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
|             |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **C         | 65591       | 20633        | 48029        | 134253   |
| alifornia** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| *           | 2623        | 837          | 883          | 4343     |
| *Colorado** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Co        | 1753        | 1106         | 426          | 3285     |
| nnecticut** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| *           | 663         | 285          | 74           | 1022     |
| *Delaware** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
|             |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Florida** | 12683       | 5372         | 10906        | 28961    |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Georgia** | 3974        | 2332         | 3563         | 9869     |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Hawaii**  | 579         | 198          | 156          | 933      |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **          | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-       |
| Idaho**[^8] |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
|             |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| *           | 5679        | 2583         | 2188         | 10450    |
| *Illinois** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **In        | 9990        | 4050         | 2700         | 16740    |
| diana**[^9] |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Iowa**    | 2224        | 2664         | 3586         | 8474     |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Kansas**  | 1063        | 1194         | 856          | 3113     |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
|             |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| *           | 5454        | 857          | 959          | 7270     |
| *Kentucky** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **          | 9504        | 2227         | 1905         | 13636    |
| Louisiana** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Maine**   | 446         | 289          | 2145         | 2880     |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Mary      | 4906        | \-           | \-           | 4906     |
| land**[^10] |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Mass      | 940         | 649          | 1342         | 2931     |
| achusetts** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| *           | 13800       | 8700         | 13000        | 35500    |
| *Michigan** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **          | 686         | 160          | 164          | 1010     |
| Minnesota** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Mi        | 2697        | 1276         | 991          | 4964     |
| ssissippi** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| *           | 3608        | 1295         | 1820         | 6723     |
| *Missouri** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
|             |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Montana** | 705         | 499          | 1164         | 2368     |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| *           | 2310        | 1108         | 834          | 4252     |
| *Nebraska** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **New       | 278         | 68           | 74           | 420      |
| Hampshire** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Nevada**  | 1059        | 233          | 322          | 1614     |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
|             |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **New       | 3151        | 1140         | 1656         | 5947     |
| Jersey**    |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **New       | 1266        | 752          | 2281         | 4299     |
| Mexico**    |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **New       | 12711       | 7880         | 3813         | 24404    |
| York**      |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **North     | 1500        | 800          | 1500         | 3800     |
| Caro        |             |              |              |          |
| lina**[^11] |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
|             |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **North     | 79          | 41           | 21           | 141      |
| Dakota**    |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Ohio**    | 11378       | 5593         | 5559         | 22530    |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| *           | 3545        | 1619         | 1315         | 6479     |
| *Oklahoma** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Oregon**  | 6237        | 3105         | 2349         | 11691    |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
|             |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Pen       | 8204        | 3004         | 1785         | 12993    |
| nsylvania** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Puerto    | 4124        | 1399         | 883          | 6406     |
| Rico**      |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Rhode     | 472         | 315          | 327          | 1114     |
| Island**    |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **South     | 1817        | 1197         | 756          | 3770     |
| Carolina**  |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
|             |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **South     | 2064        | 1354         | 838          | 4256     |
| Dakota**    |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **          | 3158        | 1895         | 821          | 5874     |
| Tennessee** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Texas**   | 80136       | 32548        | 16908        | 129592   |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Utah**    | 6897        | 3643         | 3093         | 13633    |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
|             |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Vermont** | 348         | 79           | 220          | 647      |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| *           | 4711        | 1913         | 1270         | 7894     |
| *Virginia** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Washin    | \-          | \-           | \-           | 22203    |
| gton**[^12] |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **West      | 2004        | 1034         | 1068         | 4106     |
| Virginia**  |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
|             |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **          | 7034        | 4858         | 2211         | 14103    |
| Wisconsin** |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **Wyo       | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-       |
| ming**[^13] |             |              |              |          |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+
| **TOTALS**  | 319099      | 139009       | 151767       | 625330   |
+-------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+----------+

### Appendix B

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # **Total Number of Homeless Children and Youth Enrolled**            |
|                                                                       |
| # **by Grade Level**                                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

Table 2 indicates the number of homeless children and youth enrolled in
school by grade level reported in each State. The data instrument
requested that States provide the estimated number of homeless children
and youth in their State according to grade level. States reported a
total of 521,610 homeless children and youth enrolled in school of whom:

-   53 percent were in grades K-5;

-   24 percent were in grades 6-8; and

-   23 percent were in grades 9-12

**Table 2: The Number of Homeless Children and Youth Enrolled in School
by**

**Grade Level, 1996-97**

+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **State**  | **K-5**        | **6th-8th** | **9th-12th** | **Total  |
|            |                |             |              | Enrolled |
|            | **Enrolled     | **Enrolled  | **Enrolled   | Homeless |
|            | Homeless       | Homeless    | Homeless     | children |
|            | children and   | children    | children and | and      |
|            | youth**        | and youth** | youth**      | youth**  |
+============+================+=============+==============+==========+
| *          | 642            | 4572        | 1832         | 7046     |
| *Alabama** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Alaska** | 184            | 229         | 944          | 1357     |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Ariz     | \-             | \-          | \-           | \-       |
| ona**[^14] |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **         | 4222           | 1424        | 2230         | 7876     |
| Arkansas** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
|            |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Califor  | 56080          | 17691       | 41065        | 114836   |
| nia**[^15] |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **         | 1972           | 629         | 664          | 3265     |
| Colorado** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Con      | 1753           | 1106        | 426          | 3285     |
| necticut** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **         | 663            | 285         | 72           | 1020     |
| Delaware** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
|            |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| *          | 11039          | 5130        | 5103         | 21272    |
| *Florida** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| *          | 3852           | 2261        | 3454         | 9567     |
| *Georgia** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Hawaii** | 579            | 198         | 156          | 933      |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Id       | \-             | \-          | \-           | \-       |
| aho**[^16] |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
|            |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **         | 4375           | 1746        | 1804         | 7925     |
| Illinois** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Indi     | \-             | \-          | \-           | \-       |
| ana**[^17] |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Iowa**   | 2025           | 2381        | 2619         | 7025     |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Kansas** | 1026           | 1149        | 826          | 3001     |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **         | 5454           | 857         | 959          | 7270     |
| Kentucky** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
|            |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **L        | 9504           | 2227        | 1905         | 13636    |
| ouisiana** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Maine**  | 108            | 169         | 2024         | 2880     |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+

+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **State**  | **K-5**        | **6th-8th** | **9th-12th** | **Total  |
|            |                |             |              | Enrolled |
|            | **Enrolled     | **Enrolled  | **Enrolled   | Homeless |
|            | Homeless       | Homeless    | Homeless     | children |
|            | children and   | children    | children and | and      |
|            | youth**        | and youth** | youth**      | youth**  |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Maryl    | 4906           | \-          | \-           | 4906     |
| and**[^18] |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Massa    | 928            | 495         | 1323         | 2746     |
| chusetts** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **         | 11100          | 7000        | 10400        | 28500    |
| Michigan** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Minnes   | 686            | 160         | 85           | 931      |
| ota**[^19] |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
|            |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Mis      | 2697           | 1276        | 991          | 4964     |
| sissippi** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **         | 3608           | 1295        | 1820         | 6723     |
| Missouri** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| *          | 685            | 478         | 1136         | 2299     |
| *Montana** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **         | 2094           | 1009        | 716          | 3819     |
| Nebraska** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
|            |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Nevada** | 1044           | 231         | 321          | 1596     |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **New      | 139            | 39          | 70           | 248      |
| H          |                |             |              |          |
| ampshire** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **New      | 2184           | 747         | 482          | 3413     |
| Jersey**   |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **New      | 1266           | 752         | 2281         | 4299     |
| Mexico**   |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
|            |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **New      | 12711          | 7880        | 3813         | 24404    |
| York**     |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **North    | \-             | \-          | \-           | \-       |
| Carol      |                |             |              |          |
| ina**[^20] |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **North    | 79             | 41          | 21           | 141      |
| Dakota**   |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Ohio**   | 10816          | 5262        | 5009         | 21087    |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
|            |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **         | 2562           | 762         | 778          | 4102     |
| Oklahoma** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Oregon** | 5239           | 2608        | 1973         | 9820     |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Penn     | 6563           | 2403        | 1428         | 10394    |
| sylvania** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Puerto   | 4124           | 1399        | 883          | 6406     |
| Rico**     |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
|            |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Rhode    | 425            | 148         | 187          | 760      |
| Island**   |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **South    | 1081           | 796         | 412          | 2289     |
| Carolina** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **South    | 2064           | 1354        | 838          | 4256     |
| Dakota**   |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
|            |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **T        | 2732           | 1508        | 608          | 4848     |
| ennessee** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Texas**  | 73244          | 29749       | 15454        | 118447   |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Utah**   | 6304           | 2376        | 2606         | 11286    |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
|            |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| *          | 348            | 79          | 220          | 647      |
| *Vermont** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **         | 4402           | 1767        | 1166         | 7894     |
| Virginia** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Washing  | \-             | \-          | \-           | \-       |
| ton**[^21] |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
|            |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **West     | 2002           | 1018        | 1068         | 4088     |
| Virginia** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **W        | 7034           | 4858        | 2211         | 14103    |
| isconsin** |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **Wyom     | \-             | \-          | \-           | \-       |
| ing**[^22] |                |             |              |          |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+
| **TOTALS** | 276545         | 119544      | 124383       | 521610   |
+------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------+

###  Appendix C

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # **Total Number                                                      |
|  of Homeless Children and Youth Regularly Attending by Grade Level**  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

The Department requested that States provide the estimated number of
homeless children and youth in their State according to grade level.
Table 3 shows that 327,601 homeless children and youth regularly
attended school during their homelessness, of whom:

-   53 percent were in grades K-5;

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   23 percent were in grades 6-8; and

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   24 percent were in grades 9-12

From the total number of homeless children and youth reported, **45**
percent were not attending school on a regular basis during their
homelessness.

**TABLE 3: Total Number of Homeless Children and Youth Regularly
Attending School by Grade Level, 1996-97**

+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **STATE**  | **K-5**     | **6th-8th**  | **9th-12th** | **Total   |
|            |             |              |              | Homeless  |
|            | **Homeless  | **Homeless   | **Homeless   | children  |
|            | children    | children**   | children and | and youth |
|            | and youth   |              | youth        | regularly |
|            | regularly   | **and youth  | regularly    | attending |
|            | attending   | regularly    | attending    | school**  |
|            | school**    | attending    | school**     |           |
|            |             | school**     |              |           |
+============+=============+==============+==============+===========+
| *          | 642         | 4572         | 1832         | 7046      |
| *Alabama** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Ala      | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| ska**[^23] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Ariz     | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| ona**[^24] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **         | 4116        | 1366         | 2010         | 7492      |
| Arkansas** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
|            |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Califor  | 56080       | 17691        | 41065        | 114836    |
| nia**[^25] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **         | 1972        | 629          | 664          | 3265      |
| Colorado** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Con      | 1753        | 1106         | 426          | 3285      |
| necticut** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **         | 663         | 285          | 72           | 1020      |
| Delaware** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
|            |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| *          | 9589        | 3853         | 3901         | 17343     |
| *Florida** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| *          | 3813        | 2238         | 3420         | 9471      |
| *Georgia** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Hawaii** | 268         | 87           | 70           | 425       |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Id       | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| aho**[^26] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
|            |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **         | 4046        | 1567         | 303          | 5916      |
| Illinois** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Indi     | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| ana**[^27] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Iowa**   | 2025        | 2381         | 2619         | 7025      |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Kansas** | 986         | 1097         | 796          | 2879      |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **         | 5454        | 857          | 959          | 7270      |
| Kentucky** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Louisi   | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| ana**[^28] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Ma       | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| ine**[^29] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Maryl    | 4906        | \-           | \-           | 4906      |
| and**[^30] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Massa    | 928         | 495          | 1323         | 2746      |
| chusetts** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
|            |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Michi    | 11100       | 7000         | 10400        | 28500     |
| gan**[^31] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **M        | 686         | 160          | 85           | 931       |
| innesota** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Mis      | 2300        | 1100         | 845          | 4275      |
| sissippi** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **         | 2525        | 906          | 1274         | 4705      |
| Missouri** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
|            |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| *          | 665         | 409          | \-           | \-        |
| *Montana** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Nebra    | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| ska**[^32] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Nevada** | 1044        | 231          | 321          | 1596      |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **New      | 139         | 39           | 70           | 248       |
| H          |             |              |              |           |
| ampshire** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
|            |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **New      | 1921        | 650          | 366          | 2937      |
| Jersey**   |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **New      | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| Mex        |             |              |              |           |
| ico**[^33] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **New      | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| Y          |             |              |              |           |
| ork**[^34] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **North    | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| Carol      |             |              |              |           |
| ina**[^35] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
|            |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **North    | 79          | 41           | 21           | 141       |
| Dakota**   |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Ohio**   | 8490        | 3900         | 3864         | 16254     |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **         | 1511        | 759          | 367          | 2637      |
| Oklahoma** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Oregon** | 5239        | 2608         | 1973         | 9820      |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
|            |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Penn     | 4594        | 1682         | 1000         | 7276      |
| sylvania** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Puerto   | 4124        | 1399         | 883          | 6406      |
| Rico**     |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Rhode    | 381         | 138          | 163          | 682       |
| Island**   |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **South    | 1051        | 730          | 384          | 2129      |
| Carolina** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
|            |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **South    | 1920        | 1259         | 779          | 3958      |
| Dakota**   |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **T        | 2476        | 1363         | 556          | 4395      |
| ennessee** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Te       | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| xas**[^36] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Utah**   | 6228        | 2310         | 2508         | 11046     |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Verm     | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| ont**[^37] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **         | 4034        | 1543         | 1058         | 6635      |
| Virginia** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Washing  | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| ton**[^38] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **West     | 1968        | 986          | 1048         | 4002      |
| Virginia** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **W        | 7034        | 4858         | 2211         | 14103     |
| isconsin** |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Wyom     | \-          | \-           | \-           | \-        |
| ing**[^39] |             |              |              |           |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+
| **TOTALS** | 166750      | 72295        | 89636        | 327601    |
+------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+

### Appendix D

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # **Total Number                                                      |
|  of Homeless Preschool-Age Children Enrolled in Preschool Programs**  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**Table 4: The Number of Homeless Preschool-Age Children and Number
Enrolled in Preschool Programs**, **1996-97**

The data instrument directed states to provide the number of homeless
preschool-age children in their State (from birth through pre-k). Table
4 shows that out of the total number of homeless preschool age children,
79 percent are **not enrolled** preschool programs.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **State**               **Number of Homeless         **Number Enrolled
                          Preschool Children**         in Preschool
                                                       Programs**
  ----------------------- ---------------------------- -------------------
  **Alabama**             246                          240

  **Alaska**              260                          260

  **Arizona**[^40]        \-                           \-

  **Arkansas**[^41]       4136                         1466

                                                       

  **California**[^42]     84706                        \-

  **Colorado**[^43]       \-                           \-

  **Connecticut**         330                          \-

  **Delaware** [^44]      360                          234

                                                       

  **Florida**[^45]        5094                         1537

  **Georgia**             3835                         3797

  **Hawaii**[^46]         870                          60

  **Idaho**[^47]          \-                           \-

                                                       

  **Illinois**            7324                         \-

  **Illinois**[^48]       10260                        465

  **Iowa**[^49]           1375                         1291

  **Kansas**              290                          186

                                                       

  **Kentucky**            1034                         1034

  **Louisiana**           2500                         1000

  **Maine**[^50]          578                          24

  **Maryland**[^51]       \-                           \-

  **Massachusetts**       1711                         1051

  **Michigan**[^52]       7800                         6300

  **Minnesota**[^53]      1095                         350

  **Mississippi**[^54]    \-                           235

                                                       

  **Missouri**[^55]       812                          \-

  **Montana**[^56]        460                          \-

  **Nebraska**[^57]       2198                         \-

  **Nevada**              600                          156

                                                       

  **New Hampshire**[^58]  446                          \-

  **New Jersey**          3927                         405

  **New Mexico**          643                          183

  **New York**            \-                           \-

                                                       

  **North Carolina**[^59] \-                           \-

  **North Dakota**        35                           \-

  **Ohio**                6570                         597

  **Oklahoma**            382                          216

                                                       

  **Oregon**              8586                         1188

  **Pennsylvania**        11328                        1201

  **Puerto Rico**         257                          257

  **Rhode Island**        517                          172

                                                       

  **South Carolina**      625                          236

  **South Dakota**        2193                         \-

  **Tennessee**           3790                         432

                                                       

  **Texas**               17500                        15995

  **Utah**                1075                         370

  **Vermont**             135                          47

                                                       

  **Virginia**            5131                         1561

  **Washington**[^60]     8048                         257

  **West Virginia**       294                          189

  **Wisconsin**           6789                         \-

  **Wyoming**[^61]        \-                           \-

  **TOTALS**              216391                       42757
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------

### Appendix E

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # **Total Number of Homeless Children                                 |
|  and Youth, Including Preschoolers, by Primary Nighttime Residence**  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**Table 5: Primary Nighttime Residence of Homeless Children and Youth,
1996-97**

Table 5 below shows that States reported estimates of the total number
of homeless children and youth, including preschoolers, by the type of
primary nighttime residence:

-   44 percent have doubled-up arrangements as their primary nighttime
    residence

-   33 percent have shelters as their primary nighttime residence

-   13 percent have "other" arrangements as their primary nighttime
    residence

-   3 percent are unsheltered

-   2 percent have "unknown" arrangements for their primary nighttime
    residence

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **State**              **Shelters**   **Doubled   **Unsheltered**   **Others**   **Unknown**   **Total**
                                        -Up**                                                    
  ---------------------- -------------- ----------- ----------------- ------------ ------------- -----------
  **Alabama**            5816           462         768               \-           \-            7046

  **Alaska**             853            460         90                \-           \-            1403

  **Arizona**[^62]       \-             \-          \-                \-           \-            \-

  **Arkansas**           2530           6964        1304              516          698           12012

                                                                                                 

  **California**[^63]    46350          60650       13364             28783        \-            149147

  **Colorado**[^64]      750            1795        \-                100          620           3265

  **Connecticut**[^65]   3286           \-          \-                \-           \-            3286

  **Delaware**[^66]      1380           \-          \-                \-           \-            1380

                                                                                                 

  **Florida**[^67]       \-             \-          \-                \-           \-            \-

  **Georgia**            12059          835         595               80           135           13704

  **Hawaii**             377            \-          237               \-           363           600

  **Idaho**[^68]         \-             \-          \-                \-           \-            \-

                                                                                                 

  **Illinois**           2093           15388       383               \-           \-            17864

  **Indiana**            13500          5400        3200              2200         2700          27000

  **Iowa**               1662           5020        1613              1554         \-            9849

  **Kansas**             1778           1416        69                65           106           3434

                                                                                                 

  **Kentucky**           1092           5000        600               \-           378           7070

  **Louisiana**          3826           1593        8017              \-           200           13636

  **Maine**              3458           \-          \-                \-           \-            3458

  **Maryland**[^69]      4096           1001        82                8            194           5381

  **Massachusetts**      1671           200         475               492          100           2938

  **Michigan**           28800          7200        1300              4500         1600          43400

  **Minnesota**          2105           \-          \-                \-           \-            2105

  **Mississippi**[^70]   \-             \-          \-                \-           \-            \-

  **Missouri**           585            2854        476               0            0             3915

  **Montana**            1132           1046        141               141          368           2828

  **Nebraska**           4636           \-          1814              \-           \-            6450

                                                                                                 

  **Nevada**             28             875         366               421          80            1770

  **New Hampshire**      833            \-          \-                \-           \-            833

  **New Jersey**         2079           996         15                6779         5             9874

  **New Mexico**         80             962         54                \-           \-            1096

                                                                                                 

  **New York**           23362          2060        \-                \-           \-            25422

  **North                \-             \-          \-                \-           \-            \-
  Carolina**[^71]                                                                                

  **North Dakota**       98             66          \-                \-           12            176

  **Ohio**               6984           17460       2910              \-           1746          29100

                                                                                                 

  **Oklahoma**           2987           3758        116               \-           \-            6861

  **Oregon**             10341          5475        2028              1825         608           20277

  **Pennsylvania**       21693          1500        \-                1128         \-            24321

  **Puerto Rico**        1147           4365        894               \-           \-            6406

                                                                                                 

  **Rhode Island**       1286           53          1                 2            289           1631

  **South Carolina**     464            2721        36                481          693           4395

  **South Dakota**       3096           1161        1225              967          0             6449

  **Tennessee**          2223           5992        773               386          290           9664

                                                                                                 

  **Texas**              29207          88612       \-                29274        \-            147093

  **Utah**               1490           8012        1385              1818         649           13354

  **Vermont**            434            233         49                47           19            782

  **Virginia**           9108           2137        241               633          905           13024

                                                                                                 

  **Washington**         8048           \-          \-                \-           \-            8048

  **West Virginia**      280            2344        125               930          573           4252

  **Wisconsin**          13371          6685        \-                836          \-            20892

  **Wyoming**[^72]       \-             \-          \-                \-           \-            \-

  **TOTALS**             118675         138448      10073             40527        6906          314449
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[^1]: The Urban Institute\'s Report estimated the cost for this design
    to be \$2.06 million to \$2.44 million.

[^2]: In reauthorizing the McKinney Act, Congress recognized the
    problems inherent with this data. States now provide estimates of
    the numbers of homeless children and youth in their States.

[^3]: ^?^ Kryder-Coe, J.M. ed. (1991). *Homeless Children and Youth: A
    New American Dilemma.* New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction
    Publishers.

[^4]: Three States and the District of Columbia did not submit reports.

[^5]: Data on preschool age children was collected for the first time in
    1997.

[^6]: Ten states and DC did not report estimates of the number of
    preschool homeless children.

[^7]: No report was submitted.

[^8]: No report was submitted.

[^9]: State did not collect data regarding enrollment and attendance.

[^10]: Data reported from shelters, LEAS, and by phone surveys of
    non-respondents.

[^11]: This data was derived from 50% of the counties that reported.

[^12]: Washington reported numbers based on age: 0-5 years: 8048; 6-11
    years: 5602; 12-17 years: 4634; and 18-21 years: 3919 **TOTAL:
    22203**

[^13]: No report was submitted.

[^14]: No report was submitted.

[^15]: Numbers have been extrapolated based on 85.5% of identified
    homeless children and youth listed.

[^16]: No report was submitted.

[^17]: State did not collect data regarding enrollment or attendance.

[^18]: Data reported from shelters, LEAS, and by phone surveys of
    non-respondents.

[^19]: The figures are actuals and are not based on a point in time
    survey.

[^20]: No data was collected by the State in this category.

[^21]: Washington reported numbers based on age:0-5 years: 8048; 6-11
    years: 5602; 12-17 years: 4634; and 18-21 years: 3919 **TOTAL:
    22203**

[^22]: No report was submitted.

[^23]: State did not collect data regarding the number of homeless
    children that regularly attend school.

[^24]: No report was submitted.

[^25]: Numbers have been extrapolated based on 85.5% of identified
    homeless children and youth listed.

[^26]: No report was submitted.

[^27]: State did not collect information regarding enrollment or
    attendance.

[^28]: State law requires all children to attend school, therefore, this
    question is not applicable.

[^29]: No State system in place to track homeless children.

[^30]: Data reported from shelters, LEAS, and by phone surveys of
    non-respondents.

[^31]: The figures are actuals and are not based on a point in time
    survey.

[^32]: No information submitted due to the lack of tracking by schools
    and shelters.

[^33]: No methodology for counting or tracking students currently exists
    within the State.

[^34]: State is not capable of tracking students because of poor
    tracking by schools and shelters.

[^35]: State did not submit information regarding this category.

[^36]: No mechanism currently exists that would enable this information
    to be collected on a Statewide basis.

[^37]: The State was unable to collect this data because of the
    difficulty in tracking these students.

[^38]: Washington reported numbers based on age:0-5 years: 8048; 6-11
    years: 5602; 12-17 years: 4634; and 18-21 years: 3919 **TOTAL:
    22203**

[^39]: No report was submitted.

[^40]: No report was submitted.

[^41]: The number of children in need of services exceeds the number of
    available slots, which directly impacts the number of children
    enrolled in preschool.

[^42]: No State statistics are currently available on the number
    enrolled.

[^43]: There is no count conducted in the State on preschool age
    children, however, the Early Childhood Leadership Team will consider
    a visit in the future.

[^44]: Availability of preschool programs for homeless children is
    limited.

[^45]: Schools district reports indicate that only 30% of homeless
    preschool children are receiving services. Currently, the State does
    not collect data on preschool-age homeless children.

[^46]: The definition of homeless preschool children resulted in all
    children from birth to pre-k being counted. This count does not
    differentiate between 3 and 4 year olds that are eligible for
    preschool programs.

[^47]: No report was submitted.

[^48]: ^?^ State did not collect data regarding number of homeless
    children enrolled in preschool programs.

[^49]: 95% of homeless preschool children are enrolled in schools
    because most of the programs are targeted at low-income populations.

[^50]: There are very few public preschools in the State. Because of the
    funding for preschools, few children can be enrolled.

[^51]: Data reported from shelters, LEAs, and by phone survey of
    non-respondents.

[^52]: An estimated 80% of homeless preschoolers are enrolled in
    preschool programs provided by homeless and domestic violence
    shelters.

[^53]: This report is not based on a point in time survey.

[^54]: The data reported only reflects figures from McKinney
    subgrantees.

[^55]: The State did not collect data on the number of preschool
    children enrolled in preschool programs.

[^56]: The State survey only asked if preschool children were homeless
    and did not count preschool children as attending because they only
    count for K-12.

[^57]: There are no public preschools in the State. No data exists for
    homeless children enrolled in Head Start.

[^58]: Data on number of preschool children enrolled was not collected
    by State.

[^59]: This data was not collected by the State.

[^60]: Washington reported numbers based on age; 0-5 years: 8048

    6-11 years: 5602, 12-17 years: 4634, and 18-21 years: 3919 **TOTAL:
    22203**

[^61]: No report was submitted.

[^62]: No report was submitted.

[^63]: California reported 69,812 families have been reported as
    homeless during some portion of the year and have moved to permanent
    housing.

[^64]: Number unknown by State.

[^65]: No source data was available for other categories.

[^66]: No information was reported.

[^67]: This data was not collected by the State.

[^68]: No report was submitted.

[^69]: Data based on information reported by 17 Local Educational
    Agencies (LEAs).

[^70]: This data was not collected by the State.

[^71]: This data was not collected by the State.

[^72]: No report was submitted.