Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 4/7/2006

**GAIN Report Number:** PL6020

PL6020

**Poland**

**Exporter Guide**

**Annual**

**2005**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Ed Porter

U.S. Embassy

**Prepared by:**

Charles Rush

**Report Highlights:**

Poland\'s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 3.5 percent in 2005, 5.4
percent in 2004 and 3.8 percent in 2003. Experts predict 2006 GDP will
increase to 4.2 percent in 2006. Despite economic difficulties, the food
retail sector continues to be modernized and expand. Food trade,
predominantly between Poland and the EU, has risen significantly in
recent years and continued growth is expected. There are prospects for
U.S. food and beverages sold directly to Poland or indirectly via
Western Europe.

Includes PSD Changes: No

Includes Trade Matrix: No

Annual Report

Warsaw \[PL1\]

\[PL\]

# Market Overview

The retail food sector is the most vibrant sector of the economy since
free-market restructuring and privatization began in the early 90s.
Agricultural products such as snack foods, beverages, fast food, and ice
cream oriented toward young consumers below the age of 24 will remain in
high demand, as this age group comprises 32.7 percent of the population.
Food and beverage purchases accounted for 39 percent of total consumer
spending in 2003.

[]{.mark}

In 2004 Poland experienced its highest GDP increase in seven years. GDP
growth topped out at 5.4 percent in 2004, up from 3.8 percent in 2003
and 1.4 percent in 2002. The main factor affecting GDP growth was
domestic demand, which increased 4.5 percent (compared to 2.5 percent in
2003). GDP growth in 2005 was 3.3 percent but it is expected to increase
to 4.2 percent in 2006.

#### Poland\'s Real GDP Growth Rate

![](media/image2.wmf)

Source: Citibank and Polish Market Review

Final consumption expenditure grew 2.8 percent in 2004 up from 2.4
percent in 2003 and individual consumption expenditure grew 3.2 percent
up from 3.1 percent in 2003. The situation on the labour market was
still difficult in 2004; despite signs of improvement, unemployment
increased from 18 percent in 2003 to 19.4 percent in 2004. Inflation in
2004 increased to 3.6 percent from a low of 0.7 percent in 2003. Total
commodity exports in 2004 were valued at \$74.8 billion showing an
increase of approximately 39 percent over 2003. Imports in 2004 were
valued at \$89 billion, increasing over 30 percent from 2003. Continued
import growth is expected over the next few years.

[]{.mark}

After two years of decline in agricultural output, 2004 gross
agricultural output increased 7.6 percent due to a 3 percent increase in
acreage of planted land and an estimated 20 percent increase in cereal
yields. Beef production decreased in 2004 and is expect to continue into
2005 as a result of strong export demand for live cattle. Swine
production increased in 2005 and is expected to continue into 2006 due
to the high grain harvest of 2005.

In 2004 trade with the EU accounted for 79 percent of all Polish exports
and 68 percent of Polish imports. The majority of Poland's exports are
to Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, France, Great Britain, and
Russia. Imports are mainly from China, the Czech Republic, Italy,
France, and Germany.

Total U.S. exports of agriculture, fishery, and forestry products to
Poland in 2005 are estimated at between \$96 and \$100 million. Through
November 2005, poultry and red meat accounted for one-third of U.S.
exports.

According to official Polish statistics, the value of exports grew over
12 percent year-over-year in May 2005, while imports decreased 10.5
percent during the same period. Such low dynamics resulted mostly from
the base effect (imports grew significantly in the pre-accession
period).

When Poland became a member of the European Union in May 2004 all goods
flowing between Poland and the EU became duty free and all imported
goods became subject to EU external tariffs. EU accession has resulted
in lower tariffs on several products, which has expanded market growth
potential in many areas. However, given the existence of tariffs on many
U.S. products, product origin and brand name emphasis in marketing will
become even more critical in introducing new products and maintaining
market-share.

In the months, immediately after EU accession, a substantial increase in
prices for consumer goods and services was reported as compared to the
preceding year. In December 2004 prices were 4.4 percent higher than in
the previous year. The average annual growth of consumer prices reached
3.5 percent and was higher than in the two previous years and greater
than outlined in the budget law.

According to the Polish Ministry of Agriculture, overall food prices
increased by an estimated 3 percent from the second quarter of 2003 to
the second quarter of 2004. According to the Ministry, in spite of
recent post-accession increases, food prices in Poland still remain
amongst the lowest in the expanded EU-25.

After May 2004 most of the previously used product import certificates
were amended to reflect EU regulations. For detailed information on
product import certificates please refer to the Food and Agricultural
Regulations and Standards Report available via Internet at the following
address: www.fas.usda.gov at attaché reports link.

In 2005 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Poland was \$10 billion. Of
total FDI, 1.7 percent was in food processing and 0.2 percent in
agriculture. Poland ranks second among the 19 CEE countries, only after
Russia, for the amount of FDI inflows in 2004. U.S. enterprises invested
USD 1.43 billion (18 percent of total Polish FDI inflows) in 2004.

**Foreign Direct Investment in Poland between 1993-2004**

![](media/image3.wmf)**(Million \$)**

Source: PAIiIZ

Poland's public finance situation is improving even if slightly, as
evidenced by the state budget's revenue increase to 44.3 percent of GDP
up from 43.9 percent of GDP in 2003. Additionally, expenditures
decreased from 48.9 percent of GDP in 2003 to 48.1 percent of GDP in
2004. This, coupled with Poland's continued GDP growth is good news for
the overall Polish economy.

Economic growth has been rising as the Polish Zlotych (PLN) appreciates
in relation to the Dollar. The 2005 average official exchange Dollar/PLN
exchange rate was \$1 = PLN 3.23 compared to 3.65 PLN in 2004 The Polish
economy will increasingly become integrated with the new expanded EU
internal market. Significant policy changes have been implemented to
bring Poland's regulatory requirements in line with EU requirements.

### Polish Exports

  ------------------- ---------- ------- ---------- ------- ---------- -------
                      **2002**           **2003**           **2004**   

                      **Mil      **%**   **Mil      **%**   **Mil      **%**
                      EUR**              EUR**              EUR**      

  Live Animals        147        4%      151        4%      218        4%

  Animal Products     798        23%     141        26%     1429       27%

  Fish and Products   240        7%      263        7%      364        7%

  Unprocessed Food    371        11%     453        12%     602        12%

  Processed Food      1583       46%     1746       40%     2097       40%

  Drinks, Coffee,     327        9%      349        9%      513        10%
  Tea, alcohol, and                                                    
  Tobacco                                                              
  ------------------- ---------- ------- ---------- ------- ---------- -------

Source: Foundation of Assistance Programs for Agriculture, Foreign
Agricultural Markets Monitoring Unit

Polish Imports

  ------------------- ---------- ------- ---------- ------- ---------- -------
                      **2002**           **2003**           **2004**   

                      **Mil      **%**   **Mil      **%**   **Mil      **%**
                      EUR**              EUR**              EUR**      

  Live Animals        47         1%      39         1%      69         2%

  Animal Products     295        8%      295        8%      493        11%

  Fish and Products   342        9%      326        9%      391        9%

  Unprocessed Food    905        24%     843        24%     986        23%

  Processed Food      1409       37%     1349       38%     1602       37%

  Drinks, Coffee,     804        21%     704        20%     828        19%
  Tea, alcohol, and                                                    
  Tobacco                                                              
  ------------------- ---------- ------- ---------- ------- ---------- -------

Source: Foundation of Assistance Programs for Agriculture, Foreign
Agricultural Markets Monitoring Unit

Polish Agricultural Product Trade by Country (in USD thousands)

  --------------- ------------- ------------ ------------- ------------- ------------ -------------
  ** **           ** **                                    ** **                      

                  **2003**                                 **2004**                   

  ** **           ** **                                    ** **                      

  **Countries**   **Total                                  **Total                    
                  Agriculture                              Agriculture                
                  Products**                               Products**                 

  ** **           ** **         ** **        ** **         ** **         ** **        ** **

                  **Export**    **Import**   **Balance**   **Export**    **Import**   **Balance**

  World           53,882        68,417       -14,535       74,840        89,062       -14,222

  Germany         17,385        16,691       694           22,246        24,800       -2,554

  Russia          15,189        5,249        9,940         2,901         6,351        -3,450

  The Netherlands 2,420         2,319        101           3,202         4,741        -1,539

  Czech Republic  2,183         2,354        -171          3,215         3,376        -161

  United Kingdom  2,713         2,545        168           4,008         3,024        984

  Italy           3,095         5,828        -2,733        4,490         6,633        -2,143

  United States   1,205         2,545        -1,340        1,813         3,024        -1,211

  Lithuania       1,332         306          1,026         1,278         518          760

  Ukraine         1,568         749          819           2,056         1,064        992

  France          3,296         4,835        -1,539        4,512         5,786        -1,274

  Hungary         1,301         1,227        74            1,922         1,706        216

  Denmark         1,273         1,009        264           1,669         1,470        199
  --------------- ------------- ------------ ------------- ------------- ------------ -------------

**Source:** Calculations of FAS Warsaw based on data from the Global
Trade Atlas

## 

## Market indicators:

-   Enterprises selling food, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, and
    tobacco products reported 14.2 percent sales growth in 2004.

-   Poland's population of close to 40 million is relatively dispersed.
    Although 62 percent of the population can be classified as urban,
    only 42 percent reside in cities of over 100,000 inhabitants. The
    population is young with an average age of 36. The age groups 30-44
    and 45-64 are the largest population groups with 21 percent and 24
    percent respectively.

-   Average monthly gross wage and salary in the national economy in
    2004 was 2,289.57 PLN (USD 685), 4.8 percent higher than in 2003. In
    the public sector it amounted to 2,555.43 PLN (USD 765), a growth of
    5.4 percent, while in the private sector it was 2,141.39 PLN (USD
    641), a growth of 4.4 percent.

-   Domestic demand increased 5 percent in 2004 and is expected to
    continue at a rate of 3.1 percent in 2005 and 4.6 percent in 2006.
    Additionally, the percentage of disposable income spent on food and
    non-alcoholic beverages has been increasing since 2002.

-   The buying power of the average monthly gross wage and salary in the
    national economy was 1.5 percent higher in 2004 than in 2003.

-   Of the approximately 15 million people employed in Poland, 26
    percent work in the public sector and the remaining 74 percent in
    the private sector. The workforce is diversified with 42.9 percent
    of women economically active (38.2 percent are employed and another
    9.7 percent are actively looking for work).

-   Approximately 28.7 percent of the population works directly in the
    agriculture, forestry, and fishery sectors.

-   The trend toward smaller families is continuing. In 2004 the
    population growth rate was 0.02 percent with an average family size
    of 2.748.

**Supplier Strengths/Weaknesses - Market Opportunities and Competitive
Threats**

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **Advantages**                    | **Challenges**                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Central Europe's most populous    | Distance from the U.S. means      |
| country with domestic consumer    | higher transportation costs       |
| market of nearly 40 million       | versus European suppliers.        |
| people.                           |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| A strategic location within a     | Complicated system of product     |
| dense, major international market | registration, in some cases       |
| offering re-export potential.     | delaying or even preventing the   |
|                                   | product from entering the Polish  |
|                                   | market.                           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Poland is continuously moving     | Poland's EU accession puts U.S.   |
| towards a more open market        | products at a competitive         |
| economy.                          | disadvantage versus duty free EU  |
|                                   | internally traded products.       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Poland is home to a very          | Food recalls in the EU could      |
| educated, productive, young, and  | potentially have a negative       |
| skilled labor force.              | impact on Polish consumers views  |
|                                   | of imported products.             |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Polish consumers believe U.S.     | []{.mark}                         |
| products to be of high quality.   |                                   |
|                                   | EU biotechnology regulations      |
|                                   | hamper imports of U.S. products.  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| []{.mark}                         | Foreign investment in the Polish  |
|                                   | food processing industry results  |
| Market niches exist in            | in local production of many high  |
| consumer-ready food products -    | quality products, which were      |
| i.e. microwavable products.       | previously imported.              |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| There is high potential for       | Polish importers are reluctant to |
| finding trading partners and      | use Letter of Credit and          |
| favorable conditions for          | prepayments. Establishing a       |
| establishing joint ventures and   | Letter of Credit with a bank in   |
| local production.                 | Poland is costly. In many cases,  |
|                                   | U.S. competitors (e.g. suppliers  |
|                                   | from the EU) are willing to give  |
|                                   | credit terms even to first time   |
|                                   | customers, at times, in cases of  |
|                                   | smaller Polish importers, the     |
|                                   | first order is done on prepayment |
|                                   | terms.                            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

## 

# II. Exporter Business Tips

Success on the Polish market requires establishing a local
representative or agent and personal contacts with Polish businesses. A
solid position in the market may only be achieved by exporters who have
a thorough knowledge of current legal, tax and customs regulations,
market structures, local exhibitions and trade fairs, implications of EU
accession, and non-tariff trade barriers. These obstacles are best
overcome by working with an experienced local representative. Relations
between an exporter and local partner should be well established before
contracts or long-term agreements are considered. Exporters should
consider using consulting firms working within Poland for market
research.

## Local Business Customs/Practices

-   It is customary for business people in Poland to shake hands upon
    meeting. An American businesswoman should not be surprised if a
    Polish businessman kisses her hand, however, it is not necessary for
    American businessmen to kiss the hand of Polish businesswomen.

-   Business cards are the norm in Poland and are generally exchanged at
    meetings. Cards do not have to be printed in Polish.

-   Business attire is suggested, including a suit and tie for men and a
    suit or dress for women. Casual wear is suitable for informal
    occasions, but more formal dress is customary for visiting or
    entertainment in the evenings.

## 

## Consumer Tastes and Preferences

The issues of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Foot-and-Mouth
Disease along with Genetically Modified Organisms have Polish consumers
concerned about the safety of their food, both domestic and imported.
Until recently, Polish consumers did not focus on these issues. However,
their concern has not reached the level of their Western European
counterparts.

-   Due to the difficult economic situation for many Polish families, 88
    percent of Poles are price-sensitive; many shops provide a
    relatively large variety of low-cost products and few high end
    products.

-   Consumers consider expiration dates for products.

-   Advertising in Poland is crucial. Television is believed to be the
    most effective advertising medium. Products advertised through
    television promotions show the greatest sales growth of all
    advertised products. Billboards and in-store promotions are also
    very effective.

-   Product promotions influence the purchases of 50 percent of adult
    Poles. Advertising influences 42 percent of students' purchasing
    decisions.

-   It is estimated that 5-10 percent of Poles are considered rich while
    20-25 percent constitute the emerging middle class. The remaining
    65-75 percent is considered poor or having limited purchasing power.

## Consumer Preferences

-   Recent trends indicate improvement in the image of Polish products
    compared to Western imports. Although country of origin is not as
    important for purchasing decisions as in previous years youth,
    higher education, and company owners tend to prefer Western
    products. Polish customers especially favor products originating
    from the U.S.

-   Although becoming more liberal, Polish importers generally prefer to
    meet exporters face-to-face before buying the product. Transactions
    are usually on term payments (extended), but prepayments are also
    used, usually at the onset of cooperation.

-   With limited access to capital and high interest rates, Polish
    importers seldom purchase products at an initial meeting and prefer
    to discuss the product's technical parameters before negotiating
    price.

-   Many U.S. and Polish firms form joint ventures, which share both the
    risks and rewards of doing business in Poland.

## Food Standards/Regulations and Import/Inspection Procedures

LABELING REQUIREMENTS

**General requirements**

General rules on the labeling, presentation, and advertising of
foodstuffs marketed in the EU can be found in the European Parliament
and Council Directive 2000/13/EC + corrigendum (English version of Annex
III). This directive consolidates general labeling directive 79/112/EEC
and all its amendments in a single text. It applies to food products
intended for supply to food retail and foodservice. ()

Polish legislation closely follows EU legislation. The basic law on food
labeling was published in the December 16, 2002 Polish Journal of Law
(Link in Polish language only) and can be located at
http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/du/2002/1856.htm

The basic law was updated in order to reflect additional EU regulations
(Journal of Law no. 58 pos. 563 dated. April 18, 2004) on March 29, 2004
and can be located at http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/du/2004/0563.htm

All food products entering the Polish market must have Polish language
labeling. Normally all pre-packaged foods intended for final consumer or
catering establishments must be labeled according to the general rules
prior to entering the Polish market.

**Name and** **address**

> Name and address of the producer.

**Country of origin**

> Country of origin must be declared if exclusion of that information
> can mislead the consumer as to where the product originates.

# Product designation

> The product designation must describe the product accurately. A
> fantasy name or a trademark cannot replace the product designation.
> Pictures or claims regarding a certain component as well as
> identifying specific ingredients in the product designation requires a
> quantitative declaration of that ingredient either in accordance with
> the product designation or on the ingredients list.

# Composition

> The composition of a food item must be indicated on the ingredients
> list. Ingredients must be identified according to falling weight at
> the time of production. Some groups of ingredients, e.g. vegetable
> oils, can be declared by a group name. Allowed group names are defined
> in the labeling regulations. Composite ingredients well known to
> consumers, e.g. margarine, need not be specified if the content is
> below 25 percent of the total weight of the product.
>
> Some categories of foods are exempt from declaring a list of
> ingredients e.g. alcoholic beverages.

# Net weight

> Net content (weight or volume) must be stated in the metric system.
> Drained net weight should be stated as well when appropriate. The
> number of pieces may be stated as well.

# Durability

> The durability must be stated by best before/best before end date
> ("najlepiej spożyć przed"). Perishable foods must be marked with last
> day of consumption ("należy spożyc do"). Durability statements must be
> followed by storage instructions and instructions for use, if
> necessary in order to ensure correct use and storage.

# 

# Other labeling requirements

The Polish label or stick-on label must be applied prior to retail sale
or sale to catering establishments. Before that, there are no labeling
requirements.

More information on food standards and regulations along with general
import and inspection procedures can be found in the latest FAS/Warsaw
Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards (FAIRS) report
online at www.fas.usda.gov (market and trade data).

## FOOD ADDITIVES REGULATIONS

Polish food additive regulations are primarily based on EU regulations.
Poland, as in other EU countries, is allowed to conduct a separate
procedure for approval of particular ingredients within its territory.
Currently, there is only one such case of a new sweetener "neotame",
which is allowed in Poland but not in the rest of the EU.

Four major EC-directives on the use of additives and the labeling rules
are implemented in Polish food additive regulations. These directives
govern colors, sweeteners, flavors, and miscellaneous food additives and
as well as the labeling directive. This EC regulation also requires the
identity and purity of approved food additives.

1\. European Parliament and Council Directive 94/35/EC on sweeteners for
use in foodstuffs. The annex to this directive lists maximum usable
doses for sweeteners in selected foodstuffs.

2\. European Parliament and Council Directive 94/36/EC on colors for use
in foodstuffs.

Annex I: List of permitted food colors. Only substances listed in this
annex may be used

Annex II: Foodstuffs, which may not contain added colors.

Annex III: Foodstuffs to which only certain permitted colors may be
added.

Annex IV: Colors permitted for certain uses only.

Annex V: Colors permitted in general and the conditions of use. Colors
permitted following the "quantum satis" principle (no maximum specified)
are listed in the Appendix.

3\. European Parliament and Council Directive 95/2/EC, as amended, the
so-called miscellaneous additives directive on food additives other than
colors and sweeteners.

Annex I: List of food additives permitted for use in foodstuffs (excl.
those listed in Annex II) following the \"quantum satis\" principle.

Annex II: List of foodstuffs in which only a limited number of additives
of Annex I may be used. These include cocoa and chocolate products,
fruit juices and nectars, jam and jelly, dehydrated milk and cream,
fruits and vegetables, rice, oils and fats, certain cheeses, minced
meat, bread and pasta, wines and beer.

Annex III: List of conditionally permitted preservatives and
antioxidants.

Annex IV: List of other permitted additives.

Annex V: List of permitted carriers and carrier solvents.

Annex VI: List of additives permitted in foods for infants and young
children.

All three of these directives and their lists can be downloaded from the
FAS/USEU web page www.useu.be/agri/additive.html.

Labeling requirements for additives and flavorings are laid down in
Directive 2001/13/EC (general labeling directive), Regulation 50/2000/EC
(GM additives) and Directive 89/107/EEC.

**- The Polish Positive Additive**

Poland uses a positive-additives list, which identifies additives that
are permitted for use in foodstuffs. Poland's Ministry of Health and
Social Welfare approved a new regulation (Journal of Law no. 94 dated
April 30, 2004) on food additives on April 23, 2004. This particular
regulation has been one of the most difficult obstacles facing imported
products. According to the Polish authorities the new list is in line
with the current EU regulations. **Please note:** As each EU member
state at times introduces slight variations to allowable food additives
it is vital for all U.S. exporters to check with the potential Polish
importers whether the product intended for the Polish market meets all
the ingredient requirements.

The following institutions are directly involved in inspecting food
additive levels in imported products:

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare - preparation of legal
documentation

Warsaw Sanitary Station - SANEPID - tests & check ups

National Food and Nutrition Institute - legal work & check ups

Labeling additives in foods shall consists of a category designation
followed by the specific name or the E-number of the additive used. The
category designations are defined in the labeling directive and
implemented in the Polish labeling regulation. The specific names and
E-numbers of the food additives are specified in the directives and on
the Polish Positive Food Additives List.

#### 

#### III. Market Sector Structure and Trends

**Wholesale Sector**

## 

The wholesale market has changed over the last several years including
consolidation, strengthening of large buyers, companies with national
coverage, and a strengthening of ties between wholesaler and retailer.

Poland's wholesale market structure has five categories: national
chains, regional chains, regional wholesalers, local wholesalers, and
buying groups (consisting of regional chains and regional wholesalers).

-   National chains are the smallest group. They operate several
    branches throughout Poland.

-   Regional chains have expanded through the acquisition of bankrupt
    firms. They are territorial, usually operating in several provinces,
    and supply mainly retailers.

-   Regional wholesalers have a strong presence in local markets where
    they offer a wide range of products and better service.

-   Local wholesalers are primarily cash and carry operations.

-   Buyer groups operate in several market segments and are increasingly
    integrated with many retailers.

-   Larger businesses in this sector are multi-national. The largest is
    Macro Cash and Carry, owned by Metro (German firm). Eurocash JMB
    Polska, Milo and McClane International (USA) follow Macro in market
    share.

**Retail Sector**

The distribution system for consumer ready food products, as with all
other branches of the Polish economy, is still undergoing rapid
transformation. In spite of many obstacles (e.g., high cost of credit,
high store rental fees, late payments from retailers), it remains one of
the most active areas of the Polish economy. The distribution system for
consumer ready products in Poland is very diversified. It ranges from
small family operated stores, to medium sized stores, to large western
style distribution centers.

-   Foreign investors are very active in retail sector. There are now
    over 186 hypermarkets nationwide along with many super-stores.

-   There are approximately 30.9 shops per 10,000 inhabitants.

-   According to Polish analysts, large retail chains will gain control
    of as much as 80 percent of the Polish market within the next four
    years.

For more information on the Polish retail sector refer to FAS Warsaw
Post Country report on the Retail Food Sector, which is available via
the Internet at the following web site: www.fas.usda.gov - once there
click on Market and Trade Data then the attaché reports link.

## 

**Food Processing Sector**

Results of 2003 production indicate that the most dynamically expanding
products in the food processing industry include beverages, fruit juices
and drinks, confectionary, food concentrates, oils and margarine,
processed poultry, cheeses, milk drinks, and beer. The proportion of
food industry products considered to be "value added" is constantly
increasing.

For more detailed information on Poland's processing sector refer to FAS
Warsaw's Food Processing Sector report, which is available via Internet
at the following web site: www.fas.usda.gov - once there click on Market
and Trade Data then Attache Reports.

**Hotel, Restaurant & Institutional Sector**

Until the early 1990s, the state-owned company Orbis dominated the
Polish hotel and restaurant sector. The transition to a market economy
saw the emergence of many new private hotels and restaurants. Poland's
population of nearly 40 million people along with nearly 14 million
visitors each year has maintained steady demand for this growing sector.

-   With more Poles working longer hours, Polish eating habits have
    changed and eating out is not uncommon.

-   In addition to a preference for traditional Polish food, Poles are
    increasingly open to international cuisines. Italian, Chinese,
    Mexican, and Indian restaurants can be found in most large Polish
    cities.

-   American chains are also visible in larger cities. These include
    T.G.I. Friday's, Champions, Mc Donald's, Pizza Hut, and KFC.

-   Currently, many international hotel chains such as the Marriott
    Hotel, Radisson, Sheraton, Hyatt, and Holiday Inn are present in
    larger Polish cities.

-   Poland's catering sector began developing in the early 1990s.

-   HRI is one of the fastest growing sectors of the Polish economy.

Several of the larger producers have set up separate distribution
channels especially for this sector. HRI is probably one of the few
existing market niches, which if supported with the proper promotion
campaign, could offer U.S. exporters a chance to enter the Polish
market.

For more detailed information on Poland's HRI Food sector please refer
to FAS Warsaw's report on the Hotel, Restaurant & Institutional Food
Service Sector, which is available at the following web site:
www.fas.usda.gov - click Market and Trade Data, then attaché reports.

#### 

#### IV. Best Consumer Oriented Product Prospects

  ------------ --------- --------- ------------ --------------- ----------------
  Product      2004      2-Yr.     Import       Key Constraints Market
  category     Imports   Avg.      Tariff Rate  Over Market     Attractiveness
                         Annual                 Development     for USA
                         Import                                 
                         Growth                                 

  Salmon       \$ 77.3 M 63.70%    2% & 8%      Price           Growing seafood
                                                competition     consumption and
                                                from local      increased
                                                producers and   restaurant
                                                European        market
                                                countries, lack 
                                                of promotion    

                                                                

  Sunflower    \$15.1 M  24.80%    0%           Competitively   Growing market,
  Seeds                                         priced quality  insufficient
                                                product         local production
                                                available from  of high quality
                                                Hungary         product

  Wine         \$95.6 M  28.20%    9.9-32€ /hl  Strong position Good reputation
                                   depending on of French,      of Californian
                                   alcohol      Italian and     wines, growing
                                   content      other suppliers market

  Grapefruit   \$23 M    12.60%    1.5-2.4%     Competitively   Strong position
                                   depending on priced imports  of American
                                   season       available, esp. suppliers,
                                                from Turkey     growing market

  Whiskies     \$11.9 M  76.60%    0%           Traditional     Increasing
                                                consumption of  consumption due
                                                Scottish        to prestige
                                                Whiskey         associated with
                                                                product

  Dried        \$16 M    19.70%    2.40%        Price           Developing
  grapes,                                       competition     market for cakes
  including                                     from other      and sweets,
  raisins                                       suppliers       opportunities
                                                                for further
                                                                development of
                                                                this segment

  Dried prunes \$7.3 M   30.50%    9.60%        Price           High quality and
                                                competition     strong position
                                                from local and  of California
                                                other foreign   prunes,
                                                suppliers       opportunity for
                                                                further growth

  Pistachios   \$5.5 M   30.60%    1.60%        Increasing      Growing snacks
                                                activity of     and ingredient
                                                other           market
                                                suppliers,      
                                                relatively high 
                                                prices compared 
                                                to other nuts   

  Peanuts      \$26 M    12.80%    0%           Lower prices    Growing snacks
                                                offered by      and ingredient
                                                competitors     market

  Almonds      \$11.9 M  43.80%    3.50%        Competitively   Growing snacks
  (shelled)                                     priced imports  and ingredient
                                                available from  market
                                                Spain           

                                                                
  ------------ --------- --------- ------------ --------------- ----------------

Source: FAS Warsaw calculations based on Global Trade Atlas statistics

## 

  ------------------------ --------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
  Annual Consumption per                                             
  capita of Staple                                                   
  Foodstuffs, 1995-2003                                              

  Specification            unit      1995    2000    2001    2002    2003

  Processed Cereals        kg        120     119     119     120     120

  Potatoes                 kg        138     132     130     131     130

  Vegetables               kg        120     120     121     111     110

  Fruit                    kg        40.9    51.1    57.1    56.7    54.5

  Meat and Offals          kg        63.4    65.4    65.9    69.5    72.4

  \~Total Meat             kg        59.4    61.4    61.8    65.3    67.7

  \~Pork                   kg        39.1    38      38.2    39.2    41.2

  \~Beef                   kg        8.7     6.8     5.5     5.2     5.8

  \~Poultry                kg        10.2    14.1    17      19.8    19.7

  Edible Oils              kg        25.3    28.4    29.5    30.8    29.2

  \~Animal Fats            kg        7.2     6.6     6.7     6.7     6.9

  \~Vegetable Oils         kg        14.4    17.6    18.5    19.5    17.6

  \~Butter                 kg        3.7     4.23    4.3     4.6     4.7

  Cow\'s Milk              liter     195     191     187     182     181

  Hen Eggs                 (units)   154     186     198     211     214

  Sugar                    kg        41.9    41.2    41.2    43.6    40.3
  ------------------------ --------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------

## source: GUS, Statistical Yearbooks 

## 

## KEY TRADE & DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Agricultural Imports From All Countries (\$Mil)/U.S.     | 89/1.61%  |
| Market Share (%)                                         |           |
+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Consumer Food Imports From All Countries (\$Mil)/U.S.    | 2,724/2%  |
| Market Share (%)[^1]                                     |           |
+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Edible Fishery Imports From All Countries (\$Mil)/U.S.   | []{.mark} |
| Market Share (%)[^2]                                     |           |
|                                                          | 369/1.9%  |
+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Total Population (Millions)/Annual Growth Rate (%)       | 3         |
|                                                          | 8.6/0.02% |
+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Urban Population (Millions)/Annual Growth Rate (%)[^3]   | 23.9/1-2% |
+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Number of Major Metropolitan Areas[^4]                   | 1         |
+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Size of the Middle Class (Millions)/Growth Rate (%)[^5]  | []{.mark} |
|                                                          |           |
|                                                          | 3.9/1%    |
+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Gross Domestic Product Increase (%)                      | 5.4%      |
+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Unemployment Rate (%)                                    | 19.4%     |
+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Average Monthly Food Expenditures (Zloty) [^6]           | 225.00    |
+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Percent of Employed Females[^7]                          | 38.2%     |
+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Exchange Rate (USD 1 = PLN)                              | 3.44      |
+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------+

#### 

#### 

#### 

####  

#### Key Contacts

**[U.S. EMBASSY TRADE PERSONNEL]{.underline}**

Foreign Agricultural Service

Jolanta Figurska, Marketing Specialist, (4822) 504-2324

Al. Ujazdowshie 29/31,

00-540 Warsaw, Poland

E-mail: [agwarsaw@usda.gov]{.underline}

Web page: http://www.usinfo.pl/agri/

## 

## 

##### U.S. BASED MULTIPLIERS RELEVANT FOR POLAND

Polish-U.S. Economic Council, U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Mr. Garry Litman, Poland, Central Europe Int. Division

1615 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20062-2000

phone: (202) 463-5482

fax: (202) 463-3114

e-mail: eurasia@uschamber.com

##### POLISH GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| **Contact     | **Address**  | **P    | **F  | **web page;**        |
| Name**        |              | hone** | ax** |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
|               |              |        |      | **e-mail address**   |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Mr. Krzysztof | ul.Wspolna   | \(     | \(48 | [http://www.m        |
| Jurgiel,      | 30, 00-930   | 4822\) | 22\) | inrol.gov.pl](http:/ |
| Minister of   | Warsaw       | 6      | 629  | /www.minrol.gov.pl/) |
| Agriculture   |              | 231510 | 2894 |                      |
| and Rural     |              |        |      |                      |
| Development   |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Mr. Julian    | ul.Wspolna   | \(     | \(48 | [http://www.m        |
| Krzyzanowski; | 30, 00-930   | 4822\) | 22\) | inrol.gov.pl](http:/ |
| Department of | Warsaw       | 623    | 623  | /www.minrol.gov.pl/) |
| European      |              | 1834   | 1780 |                      |
| Union and     |              |        |      |                      |
| International |              |        |      |                      |
| Cooperation   |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Mr. Krzysztof | ul. Wspolna  | \(     | \(48 | [www.w               |
| Jazdzewski,   | 30, 00-930   | 4822\) | 22\) | etgiv.gov.pl](http:/ |
| Chief         | Warsaw       | 623    | 623  | /www.wetgiv.gov.pl/) |
| Veterinary    |              | 1717,  | 1408 | ; wet@minrol.gov.pl  |
| Inspector     |              | 623    |      |                      |
| Ministry of   |              | 2088   |      |                      |
| Agriculture   |              |        |      |                      |
| and Rural     |              |        |      |                      |
| Development   |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Mr. Zbigniew  | ul. Miodowa  | \(     | \(48 | <ht                  |
| Religa;       | 15 Warsaw    | 4822\) | 22\) | tp://www.mz.gov.pl/> |
| Minister,     |              | 831    | 635  |                      |
| Ministry of   |              | 2324   | 8852 |                      |
| Health and    |              |        |      |                      |
| Social        |              |        |      |                      |
| Welfare       |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Mr. Andrzej   | ul.Dluga     | \(     | \(48 | [www.g               |
| Trybusz,      | 38/40 Warsaw | 4822\) | 22\) | is.mz.gov.pl](http:/ |
| Chief         |              | 6      | 635  | /www.gis.mz.gov.pl/) |
| Sanitary      |              | 354581 | 6194 | ;                    |
| Inspector     |              |        |      | inspe                |
|               |              |        |      | ktorat@gis.mz.gov.pl |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Mr. Zbigniew  | ul.Wawelska  | \(     | \(48 | [www.mos.gov.pl](htt |
| Witkowski;    | 52/54        | 4822\) | 22\) | p://www.mos.gov.pl/) |
| Under         | 00-922Warsaw | 579    | 579  | ;                    |
| Secretary of  |              | 2406,  | 2383 | Chief.Nature.Co      |
| State Nature  |              | 579    |      | nservator@mos.gov.pl |
| Conservation, |              | 2353   |      |                      |
| Ministry of   |              |        |      |                      |
| Environment   |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Ms. Anna      | ul.Wawelska  | \(     | \(48 |  <htt                |
| Liro; Deputy  | 52/54        | 4822\) | 22\) | p://www.mos.gov.pl/> |
| Director      | 00-922Warsaw | 579    | 579  |                      |
| Nature        |              | 2282   | 2555 | Departament.Ochrony  |
| Protection    |              |        |      | .Przyrody@mos.gov.pl |
| GMO, Ministry |              |        |      |                      |
| of            |              |        |      |                      |
| Environment   |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Ms. Zofia     | ul.Wawelska  | \(     | \(48 |   <htt               |
| Chrempinska   | 52/54 00-922 | 4822\) | 22\) | p://www.mos.gov.pl/> |
| Acting        | Warsaw       | 579    | 579  |                      |
| Director      |              | 2553   | 2290 | Departament.         |
| Department of |              |        |      | Lesnictwa@mos.gov.pl |
| Forestry,     |              |        |      |                      |
| Ministry of   |              |        |      |                      |
| Environment   |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Mr. Stanislaw | ul           | \(     | (48  | <http://www.an       |
| Kowalczyk,    | .Dolanskiego | 4822\) | -22) | r.gov.pl/index.html> |
| Chairman,     | 2,00-215     | 8      | 860  |                      |
| Agricultural  | Warsaw       | 606545 | 6577 | e-mail:              |
| Property      |              |        |      | anr@anr.gov.pl       |
| Agency        |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Mr. Jerzy     | Plac Trzech  | \(     | \(48 | [www.mg.gov.pl](ht   |
| Drewniak;     | Krzyzy 3/5;  | 4822\) | 22\) | tp://www.mg.gov.pl/) |
| Department    | 00-507       | 693    | 621  |                      |
| for           | Warsaw       | 5955   | 4019 |                      |
| International |              |        |      |                      |
| Bilateral     |              |        |      |                      |
| Cooperation,  |              |        |      |                      |
| Ministry of   |              |        |      |                      |
| Economic      |              |        |      |                      |
| Affairs and   |              |        |      |                      |
| Labor         |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Mr. Wojciech  | ul.Klobucka  | \(     | \(48 |  <http://www.pcb     |
| Henrykowski,  | 23a, 02-699  | 4822\) | 22\) | c.gov.pl/index1.htm> |
| Chairman,     | Warsaw       | 647    | 647  |                      |
| Center for    |              | 0742   | 1222 |                      |
| Research and  |              |        |      |                      |
| Certification |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Mr. Piotr     | Aleja Roz 2, | \(     | \(48 | <http:/              |
| Dabrowski,    | 00-559       | 4822\) | 22\) | /www.paiz.pl/index/> |
| Polish        | Warsaw       | 334    | 334  |                      |
| Investment    |              | 9841,  | 9999 |                      |
| Agency        |              | 334    |      |                      |
|               |              | 9810   |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Mr. Roman     | ul. Nowy     | \(     | \(48 | <http://             |
| Wenerski,     | Swiat 6/12,  | 4822\) | 22\) | www.eng.arr.gov.pl/> |
| Chairman,     | 00-400       | 661    | 628  |                      |
| Agricultural  | Warsaw       | 7272   | 9353 |                      |
| Markets       |              |        |      |                      |
| Agency        |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Mr. Adam      | ul. Wspolna  | \(     | \(48 |  <http:/             |
| Zych,         | 30 Warsaw    | 4822\) | 22\) | /www.piorin.gov.pl/> |
| Director of   |              | 623    | 623  |                      |
| Plant         |              | 2302   | 2304 | gi@piorin.gov.pl     |
| Protection    |              |        |      |                      |
| and Seed      |              |        |      |                      |
| Inspection    |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+
| Ms. Elzbieta  | Al. Jana     | \(     | \(48 | [www                 |
| Ka            | Pawla II 70, | 4822\) | 22\) | .arimr.gov.pl](http: |
| ufman-Suszko, | 00-175       | 318    | 318  | //www.arimr.gov.pl/) |
| Chairman,     | Warsaw       | 4220   | 5330 | ; info@arimr.gov.pl  |
|               |              |        |      |                      |
| Agency for    |              | 48-800 |      |                      |
| Restructuring |              | 380    |      |                      |
| and           |              | 084    |      |                      |
| Modernizing   |              |        |      |                      |
| Agriculture   |              |        |      |                      |
+---------------+--------------+--------+------+----------------------+

#### [POLAND TRADE INSTITUTES/ASSOCIATIONS/CHAMBER OF COMMERCE]{.underline}

+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Organi | Contact | Address   | P    | Fax  | web page,e-mail      |
| zation | Name    |           | hone |      | address              |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Am     | Ms.     | ul.Emilii | \(48 | \(48 | [http://www.a        |
| erican | Dorota  | Plater    | 22\) | 22\) | mcham.com.pl](http:/ |
| C      | Dab     | 53,       | 520- | 520- | /www.amcham.com.pl/) |
| hamber | rowska, | 00-113    | 5999 | 5998 | di                   |
| of     | Ex      | Warsaw    |      |      | rector@amcham.com.pl |
| Co     | ecutive |           |      |      |                      |
| mmerce | D       |           |      |      |                      |
| in     | irector |           |      |      |                      |
| Poland |         |           |      |      |                      |
| (A     |         |           |      |      |                      |
| mCham) |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Bu     | Mr.     | Plac      | \(48 | \(48 | <http://www.bcc      |
| siness | Marek   | Zelaznej  | 22\) | 22\) | .org.pl/english.htm> |
| Center | Golis   | Bramy 2   | 625  | 621- |                      |
| Club   | zewski, | 00-136    | 3037 | 8420 |                      |
|        | Pr      | Warsaw    |      |      |                      |
|        | esident |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Ins    | Prof.   | ul.Swie   | \(48 | \(48 | <                    |
| titute | A       | tokrzyska | 22\) | 22\) | http://www.ierigz.wa |
| of     | ugustyn | 20 Warsaw | 827- | 827- | w.pl/old/ier_uk.htm> |
| Agricu | Wos     |           | 6189 | 1960 |                      |
| ltural |         |           |      |      | ierigz@ierigz.waw.pl |
| and    |         |           |      |      |                      |
| Food   |         |           |      |      |                      |
| Eco    |         |           |      |      |                      |
| nomics |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Na     | Mr.     | ul        | \(48 | \(48 | [http://www.kig.pl]  |
| tional | Andrzej | .Trebacka | 22\) | 22\) | (http://www.kig.pl/) |
| C      | Are     | 4 00-074  | 630- | 827- | alachowicz@kig.pl    |
| hamber | ndarski | Warsaw    | 9600 | 4673 |                      |
| of     |         |           |      |      |                      |
| Co     |         |           |      |      |                      |
| mmerce |         |           |      |      |                      |
| of     |         |           |      |      |                      |
| Poland |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Na     | Prof.   | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | [www.pzh.gov.pl](htt |
| tional | Jan     | Chocimska | 22\) | 22\) | p://www.pzh.gov.pl/) |
| Ins    | Kr      | 24,       | 5421 | 8497 |                      |
| titute | zysztof | 00-791    | 400, | 484, |                      |
| of     | Lu      | Warsaw    |      | 849  |                      |
| H      | dwicki, |           | 8497 | 3513 |                      |
| ygiene | D       |           | 612, |      |                      |
|        | irector |           | 542- |      |                      |
|        |         |           | 1202 |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Plant  | Prof.   | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | [www.i               |
| Prot   | Stefan  | Miczurina | 61\) | 61\) | or.poznan.pl](http:/ |
| ection | Prus    | 20 60-318 | 864- | 867- | /www.ior.poznan.pl/) |
| Ins    | zynski, | Poznan    | 9001 | 6301 | ;                    |
| titute | D       |           |      |      | S.Prus               |
|        | irector |           |      |      | zynski@ior.poznan.pl |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Fede   | Mr.     | u         | \(48 | \(48 |                      |
| ration | Jacek   | l.Wspolna | 22\) | 22\) |                      |
| of     | K       | 30,       | 623- | 623- |                      |
| Polish | alinski | 00-930    | 2413 | 2357 |                      |
| Associ |         | Warsaw    |      |      |                      |
| ations |         |           |      |      |                      |
| of     |         |           |      |      |                      |
| Pro    |         |           |      |      |                      |
| ducers |         |           |      |      |                      |
| of     |         |           |      |      |                      |
| Agricu |         |           |      |      |                      |
| ltural |         |           |      |      |                      |
| Commo  |         |           |      |      |                      |
| dities |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Polish | Ms.     | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | [www.pfpz.pl](       |
| Fede   | Mal     | M         | 22\) | 22\) | http://www.pfpz.pl/) |
| ration | gorzata | okotowska | 3544 | 354  |                      |
| of     | Sko     | 49,       | 373, | 4374 | biuro@pfpz.pl        |
| Food   | nieczn, | 00-542    |      |      |                      |
| Pro    | Ch      | Warsaw    |      |      |                      |
| ducers | airman, |           |      |      |                      |
|        | Mr.     |           |      |      |                      |
|        | Andrzej |           |      |      |                      |
|        | G       |           |      |      |                      |
|        | artner, |           |      |      |                      |
|        | General |           |      |      |                      |
|        | D       |           |      |      |                      |
|        | irector |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Polish | Ms.     | ul.Ka     | \(48 | \(48 | [http://www.franchi  |
| Fra    | Jolanta | sprowicza | 18\) | 18\) | se.com.pl](http://ww |
| nchise | Kramarz | 41c,      | 200  | 200  | w.franchise.com.pl/) |
| Assoc  | Pr      | 34-520    | 1010 | 1012 | info@franchise.pl    |
| iation | esident | Poronin   |      |      |                      |
| (PFA)  |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Polish | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | [ht                  |
| Organi | Maria   | Krz       | 22\) | 22\) | tp://www.pohid.pl](h |
| zation | Andrzej | ywickiego | 625  | 622  | ttp://www.pohid.pl/) |
| of     | Wa      | 34,       | 12   | 95   | pohid@pohid.pl       |
| Trade  | linski, | 02-078    | 48,  | 33   |                      |
| and    | Se      | Warsaw    | 625  |      |                      |
| Distri | cretary |           | 49   |      |                      |
| bution | G       |           | 41   |      |                      |
|        | eneral, |           |      |      |                      |
|        | Ms.     |           |      |      |                      |
|        | Dorota  |           |      |      |                      |
|        | An      |           |      |      |                      |
|        | tochow, |           |      |      |                      |
|        | Commun  |           |      |      |                      |
|        | ication |           |      |      |                      |
|        | Spe     |           |      |      |                      |
|        | cialist |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Na     | Mr.     | ul. J.    | \(48 | \(48 | <http://www.pol      |
| tional | M       | Pił       | 48\) | 48\) | skiesadownictwo.pl/> |
| Assoc  | iroslaw | sudskiego | 664  | 664  | biuro@p              |
| iation | Malis   | 59,       | 37   | 37   | olskiesadownictwo.pl |
| of     | zewski, | 05-600    | 79   | 79   |                      |
| O      | C       | Grojec    |      |      |                      |
| rchard | hairman |           |      |      |                      |
| Owners |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Na     | Ms.     | ul.       | \(   | \(48 | sltpipz@wp.pl        |
| tional | Jadwiga | R         | 48\) | 22\) |                      |
| M      | Rot     | akowiecka | 606  | 606  |                      |
| illers | hkaehl, | 36, room  | 3845 | 3    |                      |
| Assoc  | C       | 178,      |      | 845, |                      |
| iation | hairman | 02-532    |      |      |                      |
|        |         | Warsaw    |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Polish | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | jul                  |
| Fede   | Z       | Wspola    | 22\) | 22\) | ita.dziendziel@wp.pl |
| ration | bigniew | 30,       | 623  | 623  |                      |
| of     | Kaszuba | 00-930    | 2351 | 2752 |                      |
| Grain  |         | Warsaw    |      |      |                      |
| Pro    |         |           |      |      |                      |
| ducers |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Polish | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 |      | <polishbaker@zrp.pl> |
| Bakers | Lech    | Miodowa   | 22\) |      |                      |
| Assoc  | J       | 14,       | 635  |      |                      |
| iation | edryka, | 00-246    | 89   |      |                      |
|        | C       | Warszawa  | 68   |      |                      |
|        | hairman |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Polish | Mr.     | Al.       | \(48 | \(48 |                      |
| Grai   | Bogdan  | Jero      | 22\) | 22\) |                      |
| n-Feed | Jud     | zolimskie | 570  | 570- |                      |
| C      | zinski, | 146D,     | 2181 | 2180 |                      |
| hamber | Ch      | 02-305    |      |      |                      |
|        | airman, | Warsaw    |      |      |                      |
|        | Mr.     |           |      |      |                      |
|        | Maciej  |           |      |      |                      |
|        | Tomas   |           |      |      |                      |
|        | zewicz, |           |      |      |                      |
|        | D       |           |      |      |                      |
|        | irector |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Polish | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | [http:/              |
| Union  | Leszek  | No        | 22\) | 22\) | /www.pzppasz.pl](htt |
| of     | Iracki, | wogrodzka | 622  | 622  | p://www.pzppasz.pl/) |
| Feed   | C       | 22 p.     | 15   | 15   |                      |
| Pro    | hairman | 416, 00 - | 93   | 93   | prezes1@pzppasz.pl   |
| ducers |         | 511       |      |      |                      |
|        |         | Warszawa  |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Assoc  | Mr.     |           | \(   | \(48 | stow.sir@wp.pl       |
| iation | St      |           | 48\) | 91\) |                      |
| of     | anislaw |           | 508  | 462  |                      |
| Fish   | Mro     |           | -141 | 4902 |                      |
| Imp    | zinski, |           | 500, |      |                      |
| orters | C       |           | (4   |      |                      |
|        | hairman |           | 891) |      |                      |
|        |         |           | 462- |      |                      |
|        |         |           | 4902 |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Na     | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 |      | <                    |
| tional | Z       | S         | 94\) |      | http://www.pspr.pl/> |
| Assoc  | dzislaw | lowianska | 3    |      |                      |
| iation | Safader | 5, 75-846 | 47-1 |      | pspr@pspr.pl         |
| of     |         | Koszalin  | 328, |      |                      |
| Fish   |         |           | mob  |      |                      |
| Proc   |         |           | ile: |      |                      |
| essors |         |           | (48) |      |                      |
|        |         |           | 606  |      |                      |
|        |         |           | 307  |      |                      |
|        |         |           | 238  |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Na     | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | [www.k               |
| tional | Leszek  | Czackiego | 22\) | 22\) | rd-ig.com.pl](http:/ |
| C      | Kawski, | 3/5,      | 336- | 828- | /www.krd-ig.com.pl/) |
| ouncil | Pr      | 00-043    | 1338 | 2389 | krdig&pro.onet.pl    |
| of     | esident | Warsaw    |      |      |                      |
| Po     |         |           |      |      |                      |
| ultry, |         |           |      |      |                      |
| Ec     |         |           |      |      |                      |
| onomic |         |           |      |      |                      |
| C      |         |           |      |      |                      |
| hamber |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Polish | Mr. Jan | Opacz,    | \(48 | \(48 | <polsus@polsus.pl>   |
| Assoc  | Biegn   | ul.       | 22\) | 22\) |                      |
| iation | iewski, | Centralna | 723  | 723  |                      |
| of     | Pr      | 10c,      | 0217 | 0083 |                      |
| Swine  | esident | 05-816    |      |      |                      |
| Pro    |         | Mi        |      |      |                      |
| ducers |         | chalowice |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Polish | Mr.     | ul        | \(48 | \(48 | [www.polskie         |
| Prod   | Witold  | .T.Chalub | 22\) | 22\) | -mieso.pl](http://ww |
| ucers, | Ch      | inskie-go | 8    | 830- | w.polskie-mieso.pl/) |
| Exp    | oinski, | 8, 00-613 | 30-2 | 1648 | i                    |
| orters | Office  | Warsaw    | 656, |      | nfo@polskie-mieso.pl |
| and    | Manager |           |      |      |                      |
| Imp    |         |           |      |      |                      |
| orters |         |           |      |      |                      |
| of     |         |           |      |      |                      |
| Meat   |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Na     | Mr.     | ul. 17    | \(48 | \(48 | <http                |
| tional | Sloma,  | Stycznia  | 22\) | 22\) | ://www.kspt.org.pl/> |
| Assoc  | General | 56,       | 868  | 868  |                      |
| iation | D       | 02-146    | 3710 | 3711 | kspt@kspt.org.pl     |
| of     | irector | Warsaw    |      |      |                      |
| T      |         |           |      |      |                      |
| obacco |         |           |      |      |                      |
| In     |         |           |      |      |                      |
| dustry |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Polish | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | [http://w            |
| Assoc  | Piotr   | Smoluc    | 81\) | 81\) | ww.pspt.org.pl](http |
| iation | Szaf    | howskiego | 745  | 441  | ://www.pspt.org.pl/) |
| of     | ranski, | 1, 20-474 | 2623 | 8731 |                      |
| T      | C       | Lublin    |      |      | pspt@pspt.org.pl     |
| obacco | hairman |           |      |      |                      |
| In     |         |           |      |      |                      |
| dustry |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Am     | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 | (4   |                      |
| erican | E       | Chmielna  | 58\) | 858) |                      |
| Polish | ligiusz | 54/57,    | 301- | 301- |                      |
| Home   | K       | 80-748    | 6851 | 4217 |                      |
| Bu     | oniarek | Gdansk    |      |      |                      |
| ilders | D       |           |      |      |                      |
| Ins    | irector |           |      |      |                      |
| titute |         |           |      |      |                      |
| Foun   |         |           |      |      |                      |
| dation |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Assoc  | Mr.     | ul.       | (48  | (4   | spsb@spsb.com.pl     |
| iation | Jozef   | Laskowa   | 22)7 | 822) |                      |
| of     | Du      | 4, 05-200 | 87-3 | 787- |                      |
| Wooden | zynski, | Wolomin   | 502, | 3502 |                      |
| J      | C       |           | 787- |      |                      |
| oinery | hairman |           | 2474 |      |                      |
| M      |         |           |      |      |                      |
| anufac |         |           |      |      |                      |
| turers |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Na     | Mr.     | ul.       | (4   | (4   | [www.domydrewn       |
| tional | Prz     | Chmielna  | 858) | 858) | iane.org](http://www |
| Assoc  | emyslaw | 54/57,    | 301- | 301- | .domydrewniane.org/) |
| iation | Dobra   | 80-748    | 6854 | 5722 | biu                  |
| of     | niecki, | Gdansk    |      |      | ro@domydrewniane.org |
| Wooden | M       |           |      |      |                      |
| House  | anaging |           |      |      |                      |
| Bu     | D       |           |      |      |                      |
| ilders | irector |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Na     | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | [www                 |
| tional | Maciej  | Gr        | 61\) | 61\) | .oigpm.org.pl](http: |
| C      | Forma   | unwaldzka | 86   | 867- | //www.oigpm.org.pl/) |
| hamber | nowicz, | 104,      | 7-31 | 3188 | oigpm@oigpm.org.pl   |
| of     | C       | 60-307    | 88(4 | (4   |                      |
| Co     | hairman | Poznanul. | 822) | 822) |                      |
| mmerce |         | M         | 671- | 671  |                      |
| of     |         | arokańska | 5203 | 52   |                      |
| Fur    |         | 16,       |      | 03   |                      |
| niture |         | 03-977    |      |      |                      |
| Manufa |         | Warszawa  |      |      |                      |
| ctures |         |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Polish | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | [www.pol-woo         |
| Ec     | Bogdan  | Winiarska | 61\) | 61\) | d-chamber.drewno.pl] |
| onomic | Czemko, | 1, 60-654 | 822- | 849- | (http://www.pol-wood |
| C      | D       | Poznan    | 4752 | 2468 | -chamber.drewno.pl/) |
| hamber | irector |           |      |      | ;                    |
| of     |         |           |      |      | [www.przemysldrz     |
| Wood   |         |           |      |      | ewny.pl](http://www. |
| In     |         |           |      |      | przemysldrzewny.pl/) |
| dustry |         |           |      |      | pigpd@drewno.pl      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Polish | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | <http://www.ps       |
| Homebu | Adam    | Foksal 2, | 22\) | 22\) | bd.com.pl/index.htm> |
| ilders | Sz      | 00-366    | 827  | 827  | psbd@psbd.com.pl     |
| Assoc  | ewczyk, | Warsaw    | 7    | 7    |                      |
| iation | Pre     |           | 750, | 750, |                      |
|        | sident, |           | 828  | 828  |                      |
|        | Mr.     |           | 3043 | 3043 |                      |
|        | Z       |           |      |      |                      |
|        | bigniew |           |      |      |                      |
|        | Koryl,  |           |      |      |                      |
|        | Office  |           |      |      |                      |
|        | D       |           |      |      |                      |
|        | irector |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Wood   | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | <http:/              |
| Tech   | Wl      | Winiarska | 61\) | 61\) | /www.itd.poznan.pl/> |
| nology | adyslaw | 1 60-654  | 849- | 822- | office@itd.poznan.pl |
| Ins    | Stry    | Poznan    | 2401 | 4372 |                      |
| titute | kowski, |           |      |      |                      |
|        | D       |           |      |      |                      |
|        | irector |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+
| Wooden | Mr.     | ul.       | \(48 | \(48 | <ht                  |
| House  | W       | Chmielna  | 58\) | 58\) | tp://www.domydrewnia |
| Assoc  | ojciech | 54/57,    | 301  | 305  | ne.org/index_en.php> |
| iation | Nitka,  | 80-748    | 68   | 57   | biu                  |
|        | C       | Gdańsk    | 54   | 22   | ro@domydrewniane.org |
|        | hairman |           |      |      |                      |
+--------+---------+-----------+------+------+----------------------+

[^1]: Foundation of Assistance Programs for Agriculture (FAPA) and
    Foreign Agricultural Markets Monitoring Unit (FAMMU)/Warsaw, 2004.

[^2]: *Ibid*

[^3]: Statistics from 2003

[^4]: Population in excess of 1,000,000.

[^5]: These are unofficial estimates due to the lack of reliable
    statistics.

[^6]: Statistics from 2003

[^7]: Percent against total number of women (18-59 years old).