**[Introduction]{.underline}**

The underlying requirement for all electrical work is that

> "Only those persons who are qualified and authorized may install,
> fabricate, repair, test, calibrate, or modify electrical or
> electronics wiring, devices, systems, or equipment."
>
> PUB-3000, 8.5

The Hot Work requirements are described in Chapter 8 of PUB-3000. There
are separate but equivalent requirements for utility work (electricians)
and for R&D (EE technicians and researchers). We recognize 4 different
voltage levels on the utility side (Class 1A-4A), and 3 different
voltage/current/energy levels on the R&D side (Class 1B-3B). See
Attachment A.

Special controls for Hot Work apply for Class 2 work and higher.
Typically this involves voltage is in excess of 50V, but there are
special cases for high and low current at other voltages. See again
Attachment A. We recognize 3 modes of work. Mode 1 is "Cold" (everything
is de-energized), Mode 2 is "Cold to Hot" (all manipulative functions
are performed while the equipment is de-energized, but the equipment may
be energized after leads are connected) and Mode 3 "Hot" is work on
energized components. These modes are described in greater detail in
Attachment B.

**[Question 1: What procedures are used to authorize electrical \"hot
work\"?]{.underline}**

> "Mode 3 work in excess of 50 volts is a high-risk situation that is
> permitted only when justified. Tasks performed in this mode must be
> conducted under close supervision and control. Written approval of the
> documented justification and plan of work is . . . required."
> (PUB-3000, 8.6.1)

The exact procedure used depends on the Class level of the work
involved. A summary of all the requirements pertaining to Mode 3 Hot
Work for the various class levels is contained in Attachment C. But in
all cases of Class 2 or higher work a safety plan must be executed. See
Attachment D.

**[Question 2: Is \"Hot Work\" limited-for instance is there a voltage
limitation?]{.underline}**

Hot Work is generally discouraged, but the special requirements apply to
Class 2, 3 and 4 work -- 50V and higher, with exceptions and additions
as described in Attachment A.

**[Question 3: Under what circumstances is \"hot work\" performed and
what justifications have been used in the past to justify \"hot
work\"?]{.underline}**

Hot work is always the last resort, when the work cannot be accomplished
otherwise. Typical examples are the removal and insertion of circuit
breakers on 12 KV lines where the work could not be accomplished
otherwise without turning off the power to large portions of the
Laboratory site; removing covers on electrical equipment to install
insulating materials so work in the vicinity of energized components can
be accomplished safely; and troubleshooting of R&D equipment which can
only be achieved under load conditions.

The policy requirement is contained in PUB-3000, 8.6 Energized Systems

> It is Laboratory policy to de-energize live parts, when possible,
> before an employee works on or near them (see Chapter 18,
> *Lockout/Tagout*). This is the preferred method for protecting
> employees from electrical hazards. Personnel are permitted to work on
> or near exposed live parts only if an overriding reason necessitates
> the practice. Overriding reasons might include situations in which
> de-energizing would introduce additional or increased hazards, or
> those in which de-energizing is not feasible due to equipment design
> or operational limitations.

**[Question 4: Who approves the \"hot work\"?]{.underline}**

For utility work, hot work is approved by one of the two electric shop
supervisors. For R&D work, hot work is approved by the supervisor of the
employees who will perform the hot work.

**[Question 5: Is there special or additional oversight involved
whenever \"hot work\" is conducted?]{.underline}**

All Hot Work requires adherence to the two person rule:

> "8.5.2 Electrical Two-Person Rule
>
> Certain work requires two qualified persons. This occurs when work is
> considered **electrically hazardous**, as established by the
> conditions in Tables 8.2 or 8.3 of this chapter, or by the work
> supervisor. When the \"two-person rule\" is required, both workers
> must be present at the work site, and each worker must be aware of the
> other worker\'s tasks and must:
>
> \- be a qualified electrical worker;\
> - have a thorough knowledge of the location of shutdown controls and
> disconnects;\
> - remain in visual and audible contact with the workers performing the
> work (less than 50 feet if practicable);
>
> \- be able to de-energize equipment and alert emergency rescue
> personnel;\
> - be able to disengage an injured worker from the hazard; and\
> - be training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
>
> Both workers may perform separate work tasks so long as safety is not
> compromised."

For high hazard work (Utility Class 4A and R&D Class 3B), a safety watch
must be provided.

> "8.5.3 Electrical Safety Watch
>
> A Safety Watch is a *more stringent* hazard control measure than the
> two-person rule and must be implemented when there are grave
> consequences from a failure to follow safe-work procedures. This
> occurs when work is considered **high-hazard electrical work**, as
> established by the conditions in Tables 8.2 or 8.3 of this chapter, or
> by the work supervisor. When a Safety Watch is required, the Safety
> Watch must be a qualified electrical worker who must be responsible
> for monitoring the qualified worker(s) performing the work. A Safety
> Watch must:
>
> \- have no other duties that preclude continually observing, coaching,
> and monitoring for potential mistakes;\
> - be less than 50 feet from the worker(s) performing the work (where
> practicable);\
> - have a thorough knowledge of the specific working procedures to be
> followed and the work to be done; and\
> - ensure that access to barricaded areas is controlled."

**[Question 6: How often has \"hot work\" been conducted in the last 12
months? What was the nature of this activity - contractors and/or
subcontractors, installation or repair, On what voltage
lines?]{.underline}**

Electrician supervisor Mattson advises that he has issued 19 hot work
permits so far this year. Typically these are for installing breakers
into panels and cutting holes into panels to accommodate additional
conduit.

There have also been 6 -- 8 occasions where switching tags have been
issued. Each of these involves the racking (insertion or removal) of
breakers on the 12 KV lines. As indicated above, this is necessary to
avoid shutting down the power to major portions of the entire
Laboratory.

We have no information of how often hot work procedures have been issued
for R&D work. We will recommend to the Electrical Safety sub-committee
of the SRC to require a copy of each written and approved work plan or
work procedure be provided to EH&S.

**[Attachment A]{.underline}**

![](media/image1.wmf){width="4.275in" height="5.961805555555555in"}

Figure 8.1. Electrical hazard classification and analysis.

**[Attachment B]{.underline}**

**["8.6.1 Modes of Operation]{.underline}**

**Mode 1 ("COLD")**

All operations are conducted in a positively de-energized state. All
external sources of electrical energy are disconnected by some positive
action---for example, with a locked and tagged out circuit breaker---and
all internal energy sources are rendered safe. See Chapter 18,
*Lockout/Tagout.*

**Mode 2 ("COLD to HOT")**

All manipulative operations of uninsulated parts are conducted with the
equipment in the positively de-energized state. When all manipulative
operations are suspended, measurements and observation of equipment
functions ![](media/image2.wmf){width="0.11944444444444445in"
height="8.958333333333333e-2in"}may
be![](media/image3.wmf){width="0.11944444444444445in"
height="8.958333333333333e-2in"} conducted with the equipment energized
and with some or all normal protective barriers removed and interlocks
bypassed. Some Mode 2 examples are:

\- Making connections or alterations to normally energized components.

\- Working in close proximity to normally energized, exposed components.

**Mode 3 ("HOT")**

Manipulative operations are conducted with the equipment fully
energized, and with some or all normal protective barriers removed.

Mode 3 work in excess of 50 volts is a high-risk situation that is
permitted only when justified. Tasks performed in this mode must be
conducted under close supervision and control. Written approval of the
documented justification and plan of work is frequently required."

**[Attachment C]{.underline}**

**Detailed Requirements for Mode 3 Hot Work for the various classes of
electrical work.**

[Utility Class 2A:]{.underline}

> • Insulated gloves and/or insulated tools and/or other insulating
> personal protective equipment, as appropriate to the task, are
> required.
>
> • The two-person rule is required.
>
> [• An applicable written and approved plan is required for all work.
> An open permit is allowed for routine maintenance and operations
> work.]{.underline}
>
> [• A Safety Watch may be required when the hazard level is elevated by
> environmental or physical circumstances; it must be noted on the
> written work approval.]{.underline}
>
> [• Specific approval from a lead electrician or supervisor is
> required. Implied approval is acceptable for routine maintenance and
> operations work]{.underline}.
>
> • Access must be restricted by ropes, barriers, or other means to
> exclude unauthorized personnel.

[Utility Class 3A:]{.underline}

> • At least two qualified persons are required. One is a Safety Watch,
> stationed outside normal protective barriers and in continuous sight
> and sound communication with the worker(s).
>
> • Insulated gloves and/or insulated tools and/or other insulating
> personal protective equipment, as appropriate to the task, are
> required.
>
> [• An applicable written and approved plan is required for all work.
> Specific approval from a lead electrician or supervisor is also
> required. Implied approval is acceptable for routine maintenance and
> operations work.]{.underline}
>
> • Access must be restricted by ropes, barriers, or other means to
> exclude unauthorized personnel.

[Utility Class 4A:]{.underline}

> [• LBNL personnel must not work on Class 4A equipment in Mode 3,
> except for certain testing procedures performed under a Facilities
> Department Switching Tag.]{.underline}
>
> • Insulated gloves and/or insulated tools and/or other insulating
> personal protective equipment, as appropriate to the task, are
> required.
>
> [• Only commercial power utility personnel or their subcontractors
> will work on energized Class 4 equipment, and they will follow their
> own procedures.]{.underline}
>
> • Access must be restricted by ropes, barriers, or other means to
> exclude unauthorized personnel.
>
> • A Safety Watch is required.

[R&D Class 2B:]{.underline}

> • The two-person rule is mandatory.
>
> • Insulated gloves and/or insulated tools and/or other insulating
> personal protective equipment, as appropriate to the task, are
> required.
>
> [• A written procedure must describe how the work is to be
> accomplished safely and why the work must be done with energized
> equipment. The work supervisor must sign the procedure and provide
> general supervision.]{.underline}
>
> • Access must be restricted by ropes, barriers, or other means to
> exclude unauthorized personnel.

[R&D Class 3B:]{.underline}

> [• A written procedure must describe how the work is to be
> accomplished safely, and why the work must be done with the equipment
> energized. The work supervisor must sign the procedure and provide
> general supervision.]{.underline}
>
> • Insulated gloves and/or insulated tools and/or other insulating
> personal protective equipment, as appropriate to the task, are
> required.
>
> • Access must be restricted by ropes, barriers, or other means to
> exclude unauthorized personnel.
>
> • A Safety Watch is mandatory.

Attachment D

+------------+--------------------------------------+------------------+
| Appendix   |                                      |                  |
| A\         |                                      |                  |
| **SIGNOFF  |                                      |                  |
| SHEET FOR  |                                      |                  |
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| \_\_\_\_\_ |                                      |                  |
+------------+--------------------------------------+------------------+
| Work       | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\            | \_\_\_\_\_\_\    |
| scheduled: | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
|            | Date                                 | Time             |
+------------+--------------------------------------+------------------+
| Signed By: | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\            | \_\_\_\_\_\_\    |
|            | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
|            | Person-in-Charge                     | Date             |
+------------+--------------------------------------+------------------+
|            | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\            | \_\_\_\_\_\_\    |
|            | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
|            | 1. Qualified person performing work  | Date             |
+------------+--------------------------------------+------------------+
|            | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\            | \_\_\_\_\_\_\    |
|            | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
|            | 2. Qualified person performing work  | Date             |
+------------+--------------------------------------+------------------+