**July 23, 2007 FEMA Emergency Management Higher Education Project
Report**

\(1\) CENTENNIAL COLLEGE, TORONTO CANADA \-- EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
CERTIFICATE PROGRAM:

Received from Virginia Jones with the Ontario Emergency Management
Association, several documents pertaining to a new four month executive
\"Emergency Management Certificate\" at Centennial College in Toronto.
In one document, under the heading of \"Who should take this program\"
is the following: \"This program is a post diploma program designed for
graduates of business Administration, social sciences, police
foundations, or those people who are employed in the area of risk
assessment or emergency management.\" The program begins Fall Semester
2007 and is comprised of six modules:

Introduction to Emergency Management

Emergency and Continuity of Operations Planning Hazard Identification
and Risk Assessment Incident Management Systems and Supporting
Technologies Emergency Exercise Design Applications Emergency Operations
Centre Design and Procedures

For information, please contact Charleen Lapalme at 416-289-5000, ext.
8072, or email at: <clapalme@centennialcollege.ca>

\(2\) CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE:

Congressional Research Service (John Moteff). Critical Infrastructure:
The National Asset Database. Washington DC: CRS Report for Congress
(RL33648), July 16, 2007, 17 pages. Accessed at:
[[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RL33648.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RL33648.pdf)
\[Note: Update to September 2006 draft.\]

\(3\) CYBERCRIME AND HOMELAND SECURITY:

Government Accountability Office. Cybercrime: Public and Private
Entities Face Challenges in Addressing Cyber Threats (Report to
Congressional Requesters). Washington, DC: GAO-07-705, June 2007, 59
pages. Accessed at:
[[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07705.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07705.pdf)

\[Excerpt: \"\...there is continued concern about the threat that our
adversaries, including nation-states and terrorists, pose to our
national security. For example, intelligence officials have stated that
nation-states and terrorists could conduct a coordinated cyber attack to
seriously disrupt electric power distribution, air traffic control, and
financial sectors\.... GAO recommends that the Attorney General and the
Secretary of Homeland Security help ensure adequate law enforcement
analytical and technical capabilities.\"\]

\(4\) EARTHQUAKE:

Jacob, Klaus H. Scenario Earthquakes for Urban Areas Along the Atlantic
Seaboard of the United States. New York City Area Consortium for
Earthquake Loss Mitigation. January 29, 2002 update (Originally
published in Economic Consequences of Earthquakes: Preparing for the
Unexpected, MCEER-SP-0001, January 1997). Accessed at:
[[http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/EconCons/default.asp]{.underline}](http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/EconCons/default.asp)

McCaffrey, Robert. \"The Next Great Earthquake.\" Science, Vol. 315,
March 23, 2007, pp. 1675-1676.

\[Excerpt: \"The Sumatra-Andaman earthquake surprised many Earth
scientists by occurring in an unexpected place. Earth gave us a stark
reminder of the important difference between improbability and
impossibility. Our understanding of where and when the next great
earthquake will happen is in its infancy at best. We have not had enough
time to decipher M9 earthquake behavior. It will take many more
centuries, or many more quakes, or both, to understand the pattern, if
one exists.

For policy purposes, one lesson we should take away from the
Sumatra-Andaman earthquake is that every subduction zone is potentially
locked, loaded, and dangerous. To focus on some and ignore others may be
folly.\"\]

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Earthquake Loss
Estimation Study For New Jersey: Geologic Component (Website). Accessed
at:
[[http://www.njgeology.org/enviroed/hazus.htm]{.underline}](http://www.njgeology.org/enviroed/hazus.htm)

New York City Area Consortium For Earthquake Loss Mitigation. Scenario
Earthquakes for Urban Areas Along the Atlantic Seaboard of the United
States \-- Scenario Events: Historical Examples, Global Analogs and
Hypothetical Scenarios. NY: NYCEM, April 18, 2002, 6 pages. Accessed at:
[[http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/EconCons/Scenarios.asp]{.underline}](http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/EconCons/Scenarios.asp)

\(5\) EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT:

New York City Emergency Response Task Force. Enhancing New York City\'s
Emergency Preparedness: A Report to Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg. NY:
NYCERTP, October 28, 2003, 24 pages. Accessed at:
[[http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/pdf/em_task_force_final_10_28_03.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/pdf/em_task_force_final_10_28_03.pdf)

\[Task Force Recommendations have general applicability.\]

\(6\) FEMA:

New York Times. \"FEMA Runs for Cover\' (Editorial). July 22, 2007.
Accessed at:

[[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/opinion/22sun3.html?\_r=1&th&emc=th&oref=slogin]{.underline}](http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/opinion/22sun3.html?_r=1&th&emc=th&oref=slogin)

\[Excerpt: \"A Congressional investigation has discovered that in March
2006, FEMA was made aware that trailers housing hurricane evacuees
contained levels of formaldehyde that were up to 75 times the
recommended safety threshold. Exposure to formaldehyde, a preservative
used in plywood or particleboard, has been linked to vision and
respiratory problems, allergies in children and cancer. The agency
received numerous complaints from occupants of the trailers. In June
2006, a man who had complained about formaldehyde fumes was found dead
in his trailer. In July, officials at the Environmental Protection
Agency advised FEMA that some of the trailers were likely to have levels
of the chemical that were way too high. Still, FEMA resisted performing
a systematic investigation because, according to FEMA lawyers, this
could make the agency liable for health problems. \'Once you get results
and should they indicate some problems, the clock is running on our duty
to respond to them,\' a FEMA lawyer wrote in June 2006.\"\]

\(7\) FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT: PRINCIPLES AND CURRENT PRACTICES:

The EMI Webmaster today informed us that the recently completed course
\"Floodplain Management Principles and Current Practice,\" by James M.
Wright, under commission to the FEMA EM Hi-Ed Project, has been uploaded
to the EM HiEd Project website \-- Free College Courses tab (left side
of homepage) \-- Course Treatments section \--
[[http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/fm.asp]{.underline}](http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/fm.asp)
\-- where it is now freely accessible.

James Wright, P.E., is Adjunct Faculty, Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, and has
been involved in floodplain management for over 25 years.

From the Note to Users: \"This course\'s audience is typically graduate
students in the fields of civil engineering and planning, although it
has been, on occasion, modified for geography majors. It is designed to
be taught in twenty classroom sessions, each of 2 ½ hours duration.\"

This complete college course is being placed in the \"Course Treatment\"
section of \"Free College Courses,\" rather than the \"Complete
Courses - Ready to Download\" section, in that there was not sufficient
funding available to develop this course in the same style and format as
the 23 other college/university courses placed on the website. At over
300 pages of material, it is an excellent teaching resource and very
nicely complements the FEMA EM HiEd Project Course \"Introduction to
Floodplain Management\" \-- located in the \"Completed Courses\" section
of the website.

\(8\) HAZARDOUS MATERIALS:

Congressional Research Service. Chemical Facility Security: Regulation
and Issues for Congress. Washington DC: CRS Report for Congress, June
21, 2007, 17 pages. Accessed at:
[[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RL33847.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RL33847.pdf)
\[This is an update of January 31, 2007 draft.\]

Environmental Protection Agency. General Guidance on Risk Management
Programs For Chemical Accident Prevention (40 CFR Part 68). Washington,
DC: EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, EPA-550-B-04-001,
April 2004. Accessed at:
[[http://yosemite.epa.gov/oswer/ceppoweb.nsf/content/EPAguidance.htm#General]{.underline}](http://yosemite.epa.gov/oswer/ceppoweb.nsf/content/EPAguidance.htm#General)

Environmental Protection Agency. Preparing and Submitting Your RMP
\[Risk Management Plan\]. Washington, DC: EMPA, Chemical Emergency
Prevention and Preparedness, July 23, 2007 Update. Accessed at:
[[http://yosemite.epa.gov/oswer/ceppoweb.nsf/content/RMPsubmission.htm]{.underline}](http://yosemite.epa.gov/oswer/ceppoweb.nsf/content/RMPsubmission.htm)

The Right-To-Know Network (Website):
[[http://www.rtknet.org/]{.underline}](http://www.rtknet.org/)

\[From, website: \"The Right-to-Know Network (RTK NET), a service
provided by OMB Watch, provides free access to numerous environmental
databases. With the information available on RTK NET, you can identify
specific factories and their environmental effects, and assess the
people and communities affected.\"

U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. \"After Katrina:
Precautions Needed During Oil and Chemical Facility Startup.\" USCSHIB
Safety Bulletin, No. 2005-01-S, September 2005, 2 pages. Accessed at:
[[http://www.csb.gov/safety_publications/docs/CSBKatrinaSafetyBulletin.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.csb.gov/safety_publications/docs/CSBKatrinaSafetyBulletin.pdf)

U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. The 600K Report:
Commercial Chemical Incidents in the United States 1987-1996 (Baseline
Study Special Congressional Summary). Washington, DC: Chemical Safety
and Hazard Investigation Board, 22 pages, February 1999. Accessed at:
[[http://www.mapcruzin.com/download/600k_sum.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.mapcruzin.com/download/600k_sum.pdf)

\[Opening paragraph: \"Why The 600K Report? Why, indeed? Why does the
industrial equivalent of two 737 airplanes \"crash\" year after year,
killing all passengers (256 people)? And why does no one seem to notice?
While these remain questions today, the United States recently embarked
on a journey whose destination is precise answers to the causes of and
means of preventing chemical incidents . . .over 600,000 from 1987
through 1996 . . . , answers to help government and business take steps
benefiting everyone.\"\]

U.S. Chemical Safety Board. \"CSB Chairman Merritt Describes the Lessons
from Five Years of Board Investigations to Senate Committee, Urges
Additional Resources and Clearer Authorities for Federal Safety
Efforts.\" Washington, DC: CSB News Release, July 10, 2007. Accessed at:
[[http://www.chemsafety.gov/index.cfm?folder=news_releases&page=news&NEWS_ID=384]{.underline}](http://www.chemsafety.gov/index.cfm?folder=news_releases&page=news&NEWS_ID=384)

\[Excerpt: \"In testimony today before a Senate subcommittee, U.S.
Chemical Safety Board Chairman Carolyn W. Merritt said that federal
regulatory oversight of the petrochemical industry should be
strengthened, BP\'s safety culture was flawed, and American communities
are unprepared for chemical disasters\.... CSB\'s other investigations
reveal a variety of common findings, Ms. Merritt said. \'I have been
greatly concerned by the lack of chemical emergency preparedness that
our investigations have found among many communities where accidents
strike. Preventing accidents and mitigating their impact requires an
active partnership between communities and industrial facilities. If
that partnership is missing the stage is set for a potentially severe
impact on the community\'.\"\]

U. S. Chemical Safety Board. \"Testimony of Carolyn W. Merritt, Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Chemical Safety Board before the U.S.
Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, Subcommittee on
Transportation Safety, Infrastructure.\" Washington, DC: CSB, July 10,
2007, 13 pages. At:
[[http://www.csb.gov/news_releases/docs/MerrittSenateEPW7-10-07Written.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.csb.gov/news_releases/docs/MerrittSenateEPW7-10-07Written.pdf)

\[Excerpt: \"To the communities where hazardous chemical plants are
located, the details of corporate culture and organizational performance
are not as important as simply knowing that the facilities are safe. And
when companies are failing to follow rules and good practices - and are
experiencing accidents year-in and year-out as a result - communities
rightly expect that government regulators will intervene promptly to
require compliance\....

Our investigation found numerous requirements of the OSHA and EPA
standards were not followed in Texas City. Required safety studies were
not performed for years. For example, a relief valve study that was
required under the regulations was 12 years overdue on the day of the
explosion. Had this study been performed and its conclusions
implemented, the March 2005 accident could have been avoided. Incidents
that should have served as serious warnings were not properly
investigated nor were the underlying causes identified and
corrected\....

Although the Texas City investigation has a great many lessons, it is
but one of many cases the CSB has now completed. Our other
investigations have revealed a variety of common findings. For several
years, I have been greatly concerned by the lack of chemical emergency
preparedness that our investigations have found among many communities
where accidents strike\....

In the past few years, there have been several quite serious chemical
accidents in the U.S. that have had offsite impacts. When a small
chemical firm in northwest Georgia experienced a reactive chemical
accident that released toxic vapor into the community, firefighters and
police lacked the planning, equipment, and training to respond
effectively, and the city lacked an emergency notification system for
residents. More than 200 families had to be evacuated, and 154 people
had to be decontaminated and treated at the hospital. The most seriously
impacted were police officers, who were instructed to conduct the
community evacuation without protective gear. The CSB investigation
found that the county had no hazardous materials response unit, and that
Georgia had not implemented key provisions of the 1986 EPCRA law to
establish local emergency planning committees.

Similar shortcomings in planning were evident when a major chlorine gas
release occurred at a repackaging plant in a St. Louis suburb in 2002.
Emergency shutdown equipment failed to work as designed, and protective
gear was stored too close to the chlorine rail car to be accessed during
this emergency. The community lacked an emergency notification system
for residents, and logistical difficulties slowed the emergency
response. By the time the release was finally shut off, more than three
hours after it began, some 48,000 pounds of deadly chlorine gas had been
released, and more than 60 people sought medical treatment for possible
exposure. The human impact could have been far worse but for the
fortuitous wind direction and the time of day. And a 2007 CSB study
revealed that a third of U.S. water treatment facilities lack automatic
emergency shutdown systems for chlorine unloading, which means that many
communities are vulnerable to similar chlorine releases\....

A number of federal codes are also increasingly out-of-date\....

Both the EPA and OSHA process safety regulatory programs are limited in
various ways, an issue which I believe will ultimately fall to Congress
to address\....

All of the federal agencies involved in process safety - the EPA, OSHA,
the CSB, and others - suffer from a lack of high-quality data on the
frequency of chemical accidents throughout the U.S.\"\]

\(9\) HOMELAND DEFENSE:

Joint Chiefs of Staff. Homeland Defense. Washington, DC: DoD, JCS Joint
Publication 3-27, July 12, 2007, 181 pages. Accessed at:
[[http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/jp3_27.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/jp3_27.pdf)

\[From Federation of American Scientists commentary on this document:

\"It provides information on command and control, interagency and
multinational coordination, and operations required to defeat external
threats to, and aggression against, the homeland.\"

The document further extends the unfortunate use of the term
\"homeland\" to refer to the United States, a relatively recent coinage
that became prevalent in the George W. Bush Administration.

Not only does the word \"homeland\" have unhappy echoes of the Germanic
\"Heimat\" and the cult of land and soil, it is also a misnomer in a
nation of immigrants.

Moreover, \"homeland\" is defined by the military exclusively in terms
of geography: It is \"the physical region that includes the continental
United States, Alaska, Hawaii, United States territories and
possessions, and surrounding territorial waters and airspace.\"

This means that actions to defend the Constitution and the political
institutions of American democracy are by definition excluded from
\"homeland defense.\"

For the Joint Chiefs, constitutional liberties are subordinate to, and
contingent upon, physical security:

\"To preserve the freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, the Nation
must have a homeland that is secure from threats and violence,
especially terrorism.\" (page I-1).

\(10\) HURRICANE:

Pensacola News Journal. \"What Would A \$500 Billion Hurricane Do To
Premiums.\" 13 July 2007. At:
[[http://www.pensacolanewsjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070713/OPINION/707130328/1020]{.underline}](http://www.pensacolanewsjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070713/OPINION/707130328/1020)

\[Excerpt: \"\....Based on current development patterns, researchers
with the National Hurricane Center and other agencies say, in little
more than decade we could be looking at damage that dwarfs Katrina\....
researchers say that by 2020 a major metropolitan area of the United
States ? Miami, for example ? could, if hit by the right storm, suffer
\$500 billion in losses. Katrina\'s toll? About \$80 billion..\"

\(11\) NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM ARTICLE BY FEMA ASSISTANT
ADMINISTRATOR FOR MITIGATION AND INSURANCE:

Maurstad, David. \"The National Flood Insurance Program: A Multi-Year
Evaluation.\" Natural Hazards Observer, Vol. XXXI, No. 6, July 2007, 3
pages (should be on Hazards Center website soon \-- at:
[[http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/o/]{.underline}](http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/o/)
).

\[Excerpt: \"\...as I write this, the city of Aberdeen, South Dakota, is
flooding after receiving more than eight inches of rain in one 24-hour
period. That horrific situation is compounded by local residents\'
decisions to drop their flood insurance after construction of a new
levee eliminated the federal requirement. The levee was constructed to
protect the town from the 1% annual chance event \-- the minimum federal
requirement for flood protection \-- thereby removing areas behind the
levee from the mandatory flood insurance purchase requirement. More than
half the 260 affected policyholders voluntarily dropped their coverage
when their insurance requirements changed, not realizing or
understanding that removing an area from a designated floodplain does
not mean the area is immune to flooding. Unfortunately, the May flood
exceeded the levee\'s 1% annual chance height, and more than 100
families are learning the hard way that nature does not pay attention to
human probability formulas\....

As the old saying goes, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
In the case of flood mitigation, Gilbert White taught us that it\'s an
ounce of preparation that\'s worth a pound of flood cleanup. Flood
hazard mitigation tools like flood insurance and floodplain management
are low-cost, high-value methods of preventing costly damage and lost
lives. Yet, too often, short-sighted decisions by local leaders to
petition the federal government to shrink SFHAs \[Special Flood Hazard
Areas\] lead to catastrophic results for the very people they have
pledged to serve. And even shorter-sighted decisions to drop flood
insurance coverage instead of converting it to lower-cost coverage when
an area is removed from an SFHA amount to an incredibly expensive gamble
\-- especially in areas with a prior history of flooding.\"\]

\(12\) NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY \-- MASTERS CONCENTRATION IN
EM AND BC:

Communicated today with Dr. M. J. Chumer, Information Systems
Department, College of Computing Sciences, NJIT-University Heights,
concerning placing information on NJIT\'s \"Masters in Interdisciplinary
Studies with a Concentration in Emergency Management and Business
Continuity\" up on the website \-- The College List \-- Emergency
Management Section \-- Masters Programs subsection. According to the
NJIT website URL on this program, it is intended to:

\* Allow students from most undergraduate degrees to enter a Master\'s
level program in the field of Emergency Management and Business
Continuity.

\* Encourage those with undergraduate degrees in the Physical,
Biological, Social Sciences, Engineering, Management, Public
Administration, and Communications to enter this evolving field.

\*Encourage outstanding students to consider an academic path to a Ph.D.
and to conduct research in their original (undergraduate degree) field
that is relevant to areas of Emergency Management and Business
Continuity. For students going on to a participating Ph.D. program, all
30 credits will be counted toward the 90 graduate credit Ph.D.
requirements.

\* Provide a part time path to the degree based entirely on courses
offered online through the Web, using appropriate group communications
technology that allows for active participation with other course and
degree students (Virtual Classroom TM and Asynchronous Learning Network
approaches).

\* Bring about the integration of the endeavors of Emergency Management
and Business Continuity into one academic program, given that crises and
disasters are impartial about their impact on both public and private
sector segments of society.

\* Increase the professionalism of this field, which is evolving in
importance and societal needs, by increasing its presence in academic,
research, and development professional communities.

Providing an open door to good students in any undergraduate degrees by
providing a \"bridge\" program of certain undergraduate requirements for
some of the specialty areas.

For more information, the NJIT Emergency Management Masters
Concentration URL is:
[[http://catalog.njit.edu/graduate/programs/interdisciplinarystudies.php]{.underline}](http://catalog.njit.edu/graduate/programs/interdisciplinarystudies.php)

Dr. Chumer can be reached at:
[[www.chumer.com]{.underline}](../www.chumer.com)

\(13\) NEW YORK CITY NATURAL DISASTERS:

Bloom, Molly. \"Determining the Effects of a Possible New York Quake.\"
Daily Princetonian, February 7, 2001. Accessed at:
[[http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2001/02/07/page3/#2255]{.underline}](http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2001/02/07/page3/#2255)

Dargush, Andrea S., et al. \"Estimating Earthquake Losses for the
Greater New York City Area.\" New York City Area Consortium for
Earthquake Loss Mitigation, May 2001, 11 pages. Accessed at:
[[http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/EstEQlossNYC/EstEQlossNYC.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/EstEQlossNYC/EstEQlossNYC.pdf)

Hollister, Christopher. Natural Disasters in the New York City Area:
Economic Effects: Annotated Bibliography. May 23, 2001. Accessed at:
[[http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/bibliography/nycecon.asp]{.underline}](http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/bibliography/nycecon.asp)

New York City Area Consortium For Earthquake Loss Mitigation. Earthquake
Risks and Mitigation in the New York, New Jersey, Connecticut Region
(Summary Report, 1999-2003). NY: NYCEM, April 2005, 52 pages. Accessed
at:
[[http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/FinalReport/03-SP02p.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/FinalReport/03-SP02p.pdf)

Salisbury, Shari and Montree Polyium. Natural Disasters in the New York
City Area: Pilot Studies on HAZUS and Other Earthquake Loss
Methodologies: Annotated Bibliography. MCEER Information Service,
September 17, 2001. At:
[[http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/bibliography/nycecon2.asp]{.underline}](http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/bibliography/nycecon2.asp)

Tantala, Michael W., et al. Earthquake Loss Estimation for the New York
City Area (NYCEM 2nd Year Technical Report, 1999-2000). The New York
City Area Consortium for Earthquake Loss Mitigation, May 1, 2001, 207
pages. At:
[[http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/lossEstYr2/default.asp]{.underline}](http://www.nycem.org/techdocs/lossEstYr2/default.asp)

\(14\) PANDEMIC:

Government Accountability Office. Influenza Pandemic: DOD Combatant
Commands\' Preparedness Efforts Could Benefit from More Clearly Defined
Roles, Resources, and Risk Mitigation (Report to the Committee on
Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives). Washington,
DC: GAO-07-696, June 2007, 60 pages. Accessed at:
[[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07696.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07696.pdf)

\[Excerpt: \"An influenza pandemic-a novel influenza virus that has the
ability to infect and be passed efficiently among humans-could
significantly impair the military\'s readiness, jeopardize ongoing
military operations abroad, and threaten the day-to-day functioning of
the Department of Defense (DOD) due to a large percentage of sick or
absent personnel. The vulnerability of U.S. armed forces to an influenza
pandemic was demonstrated during World War I when at least 43,000 U.S.
servicemembers died-about half of all of the deaths of U.S.
servicemembers during World War I-due to influenza or influenza-related
complications, and another 1 million servicemembers were hospitalized,
which limited the military\'s ability to continue ongoing missions.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the
\"Spanish flu\" pandemic of 1918-1919 killed at least 50 million people
worldwide, including approximately 675,000 in the United States.1
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is not a question
of if, but when, another influenza pandemic will occur. During the peak
weeks of an outbreak of a severe influenza pandemic, the Homeland
Security Council estimates that 40 percent of the U.S. workforce might
not be at work due to illness, the need to care for family members who
are sick, or fear of becoming infected. DOD military and civilian
personnel and contractors would not be immune and the department would
face a similar absentee rate.\" (p. 1)\]

\(15\) PIPELINE SAFETY AND SECURITY:

Congressional Research Service (Paul Parfomak). Pipeline Safety and
Security: Federal Programs (CRS Report for Congress). Washington, DC:
CRS (RL33347), July 11, 2007, 24 pages. Accessed at:
[[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RL33347.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RL33347.pdf)

\(16\) SPECIAL NEEDS POPULATIONS:

Special Needs Committee of the International Association of Emergency
Managers. \"Briefing Memo Prepared by IAEM Special Needs Committee at
Request of Associate Director for Domestic Policy at the White House.\"
July 16, 2007, 17 pages. Accessed at:

[[http://www.iaem.com/committees/SpecialNeeds/documents/IAEM_SN_BriefingMemo071607.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.iaem.com/committees/SpecialNeeds/documents/IAEM_SN_BriefingMemo071607.pdf)

\[Highly recommend. Very good professional emergency management position
paper, complete with social science research citations.\]

\(17\) TERRORISM:

Al-Nogaidan, Mansour. \"A Cry for Change: Losing My Jihadism.\"
Washington Post, July 22, 2007. At:
[[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/20/AR2007072001808.html]{.underline}](http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/20/AR2007072001808.html)

Hamid, Mohsin. \"Roots of Rage: \'Why Do They Hate Us?\'\" Washington
Post, July 22, 2007. Accessed at:
[[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/20/AR2007072001806.html?nav%3Dhcmodule&sub=new]{.underline}](http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/20/AR2007072001806.html?nav%3Dhcmodule&sub=new)

\(18\) TOXIC WARFARE:

Karasik, Theodore. Toxic Warfare. Rand (Project Air Force), 2002, 66
pages. Accessed at:
[[http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1572/]{.underline}](http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1572/)
\-- scroll down for free PDF file.

\[Abstract: \"The past several years have seen an increase in the use of
toxic weapons \-- i.e., inexpensive and easily acquired chemicals and
industrial waste \-- on the part of state as well as nonstate actors.
Nonetheless, little analysis has been done on the nature and extent of
this threat either to the military or to the U.S. homeland. This report
examines the implications of toxic weapon use for military planning and
concludes that such weapons merit further analysis.\"\]

National Research Council. Protecting Building Occupants and Operations
from Biological and Chemical Airborne Threats \-- A Framework for
Decision Making. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, NRC Committee
on Protecting Occupants of DOD Buildings from Chemical and Biological
Release, 2007, 150 pages. At:
[[http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11965]{.underline}](http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11965)

B.Wayne Blanchard, Ph.D., CEM

Higher Education Project Manager

Emergency Management Institute

National Emergency Training Center

Federal Emergency Management Agency

Department of Homeland Security

16825 S. Seton, K-011

Emmitsburg, MD 21727

\(301\) 447-1262, voice

\(301\) 447-1598, fax

wayne.blanchard@dhs.gov

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\* To subscribe to the Hi Ed Activity Reports go to the Higher Education
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If you are unsubscribing from a different email address than the one you
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\* NOTE:  Users can be dropped from the Hi Ed Activity Report list for a
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daily Monday through Friday; if for any reason delivery of the Hi Ed
Activity Reports stops let us know immediately via email at
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