### **ITEM D‑754  CONCRETE GUTTERS, DITCHES, AND FLUMES**

DESCRIPTION

**754‑1.1**  This item shall consist of portland cement concrete
gutters, ditches, and flumes constructed in accordance with these
specifications at the specified locations in accordance with the
dimensions, lines, and grades as shown on the plans.

MATERIALS

**754-2.1** Concrete, plain and reinforced concrete shall meet the
requirements of Item P‑610.

**754-2.2 JOINTS.**  Joint filler materials and premolded joint material
shall conform to Item P‑610.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

**754-3.1 PREPARING SUBGRADE.**  Excavation shall be made to the
required width and depth, and the subgrade upon which the item is to be
built shall be compacted to a firm uniform grade.  All soft and
unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced with suitable approved
material.  When required, a layer of approved granular material,
compacted to the thickness indicated on the plans, shall be placed to
form a subbase.  The underlying course shall be checked and accepted by
the Engineer before placing and spreading operations are started.

**754-3.2 PLACING.**  The forms for and the mixing, placing, finishing,
and curing of concrete shall conform to the requirements of Item P‑610
and shall be in accordance with the following requirements.

The concrete shall be tamped and spaded until it is consolidated and
mortar entirely covers and forms the top surface.  The surface of the
concrete shall be floated smooth and the edges rounded to the radii
shown on the plans.  Before the concrete is given the final finishing,
the surface shall be tested with a 10‑foot (3 m) straightedge, and any
irregularities of more than 1/4 inch (6 mm) in 10 feet (3 m) shall be
eliminated.

The concrete shall be placed with dummy‑grooved joints not to exceed 25
feet (7.5 m) apart, except where shorter lengths are necessary for
closures, but no section shall be less than 4 feet (120 cm) long.

Expansion joints of the type called for in the plans shall be
constructed to replace a dummy groove at spacings of approximately 100
feet (30 m).  When the gutter is placed next to concrete pavement,
expansion joints in the gutter shall be located opposite expansion
joints in the pavement.  When a gutter abuts a pavement or other
structure, an expansion joint shall be placed between the gutter and the
other structure.

Forms shall not be removed within 24 hours after the concrete has been
placed.  Minor defects shall be repaired with mortar containing 1 part
cement and 2 parts fine aggregate.

The operations of depositing, compacting, and finishing the item shall
be conducted so as to build a satisfactory structure.  If any section of
concrete is found to be porous, other than minor defects that may be
plastered, or is otherwise defective, it shall be removed and replaced
by the Contractor without additional compensation.

**754-3 BACKFILLING.**  After the concrete has set sufficiently, the
spaces adjacent to the structure shall be refilled to the required
elevation with material specified on the plans and compacted by
mechanical equipment to at least 90% of the maximum density as
determined by ASTM D 698.  The in‑place density shall be determined in
accordance with ASTM D 1556.

**754-3.4 CLEANING AND RESTORATION OF SITE.**  After the backfill is
completed, the Contractor shall dispose of all surplus material, dirt,
and rubbish from the site.  Surplus dirt may be deposited in
embankments, shoulders, or as ordered by the Engineer.  The Contractor
shall restore all disturbed areas to their original condition.

After all work is completed, the Contractor shall remove all tools and
equipment, leaving the entire site free, clear and in good condition.

Performance of the work described in this section is not payable
directly but shall be considered as a subsidiary obligation of the
Contractor, covered under the contract unit price for the structure.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

**754-4.1**  Concrete shall be measured by the cubic yard (cubic meter)
in accordance with the dimensions shown on the plans or ordered by the
Engineer.  No deductions shall be made for the volume occupied by
reinforcing steel, anchors, conduits, weep holes, or piling.

**754-4.2**  Reinforcing steel shall be measured by the pound (kg),
based on the theoretical number of pounds (kg) complete in place as
shown on the plans or placed as ordered by the Engineer.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

**754-5.1**  The accepted quantities of structural concrete will be paid
for at the contract unit price per cubic yard (cubic meter) complete in
place.

**754-5.2**  The accepted quantities of reinforcing steel will be paid
for at the contract price per pound (kg) complete in place.  No
allowance shall be made for clips, wire, or other material used for
fastening reinforcement in place.

Payment will be made under:

Item D‑754‑5.1 Structural Concrete---per cubic yard (cubic meter)

Item D‑754‑5.2 Reinforcing Steel---per pound (kg)

TESTING REQUIREMENTS

ASTM D 698 Moisture‑Density Relations of Soils and Soil‑Aggregate
Mixtures Using 5.5 lb (2.49 kg) Rammer and 12‑inch (300 mm) Drop

ASTM D 1556 Density of Soil in Place by the Sand‑Cone Method

**END OF ITEM D-754**

#