+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # DIVISION 500                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| **RIGID PAVEMENTS**                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

## Section 501. --- RIGID PAVEMENT

Description

**501.01** This work consists of constructing rigid pavement on a
prepared surface. This work also includes pavement rehabilitation
consisting of full-depth, full-width removal and reconstruction of rigid
pavement. Pavement smoothness/roughness type is designated as shown in
Subsection 501.12.

Material

**501.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Air-entraining admixtures 711.02

Chemical admixtures 711.03

Coarse aggregate 703.02

Curing material 711.01

Epoxy grout 725.22(b)

Epoxy resin adhesives 725.21

Fine aggregate 703.01

Fly ash 725.04(a)

Hydraulic cement 701.01

Joint fillers and sealants 712.01

Non-shrink grout 725.22(c)

Reinforcing steel, tie bars, dowel bars, hook bolts, caps 709.01

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**501.03 Composition of Mix (Concrete Mix Design).** Design the concrete
mix according to Subsection 552.03. Conform to Table 501-1.

**501.04 Equipment.** Furnish equipment conforming to the following:

**(a) Forms.** Furnish straight, steel forms. For edge radii less than
60 meters, furnish flexible or curved forms. Conform to all the
following:

**(1)** Depth equal to edge of pavement thickness;

**(2)** 3-meter minimum length;

**(3)** Stabilizing devices to withstand paving operations;

**(4)** Joint locks to join form lengths tightly together; and

**(5)** Clean and oil before each use.

Table 501-1

Rigid Pavement Composition

+-------------+-----------+------+-------+---------------+-----------+
| **W         | **Temp    | *    | **Air | **Aggregate   | *         |
| ater/Cement | erature** | *Slu | Cont  | Size^(1)^**   | *28-Day** |
| Ratio**     |           | mp** | ent** |               |           |
|             | **of**    |      |       | **(AASHTO M   | **Co      |
| **          |           |      | **    | 43)**         | mpressive |
| (maximum)** | **C       |      | (%)** |               | S         |
|             | oncrete** |      |       |               | trength** |
|             |           |      |       |               |           |
|             |           |      |       |               | **(m      |
|             |           |      |       |               | inimum)** |
+-------------+-----------+------+-------+---------------+-----------+
| 0.49        | 20±10 ºC  | 4    | 4½    | No. 57 or 67  | 25 MPa    |
|             |           | 0±20 | min.  |               |           |
|             |           | mm   |       |               |           |
+-------------+-----------+------+-------+---------------+-----------+

\(1\) Other AASHTO M 43 aggregate sizes smaller than no. 57 or 67 may be
used in the concrete mix design. If the nominal-maximum-sized aggregate
is 12.5 millimeters or smaller, provide at least 5 percent air content.

**(b) Paving.** Furnish the paving and finishing equipment applicable to
the type of construction as follows:

**(1) Slip form construction.** Furnish slip form machines capable of
spreading, consolidating, screeding, and float-finishing the
freshly-placed concrete in one complete pass of the machine to provide a
dense and homogeneous pavement with minimal hand finishing.

Equip the paving machine with the following:

*(a)* Electronic controls to control line and grade from either or both
sides of the machine.

*(b)* Vibrators to vibrate the concrete for the full width and depth of
the strip of pavement being placed.

*(c)* A positive interlock system to stop all vibration and tamping
elements when the forward motion of the machine is interrupted.

Operate the paving machine with a continuous forward movement and
coordinate mixing, delivering, and spreading concrete to provide uniform
progress without stopping and starting the paving machine. Apply no
tractive force to the machine except that which is controlled from the
machine.

**(2) Side form construction.** Furnish mechanical, self-propelled
spreading and finishing machines capable of compacting and finishing the
concrete with minimal hand finishing. Equip the machine with one
450-millimeter minimum width screed with compensating springs to
minimize the effect of the screed\'s momentum on the side forms, or 2
independently-operated screeds.

Coordinate the number of driving wheels, power of the motor, and the
machine\'s mass to prevent slippage. Any machine that displaces the side
forms will not be permitted.

**(3) Vibrators.** Furnish internal immersed tube or multiple spud type
vibrators for all paving more than 200-millimeters-thick. Surface pan
type vibrators are acceptable for full-width concrete consolidation of
slabs 200 millimeters or less in thickness. Attach vibrators to the
spreader or finishing machine or mount on a separate carriage. For
construction of irregular areas, use hand-held vibrators according to
Subsection 552.11(d).

**(c) Joint sealing.** Furnish sealing equipment according to the
sealant manufacturer\'s recommendations.

**(d) Joints and concrete removal.** Furnish an adequate supply of
concrete saws with sufficient power to saw full depth and complete the
work with water-cooled, diamond-edged blades or abrasive wheels. Equip
saws with blade guards and guides or devices to control alignment and
depth. Furnish and maintain standby equipment and an adequate supply of
replacement blades or wheels.

**(e) Concrete removal.** Furnish concrete saws, drop hammers,
hydrohammers, and jack hammers to break concrete. Concrete saws shall
conform to (d) above. Ball‑drop breakers are not permitted.

Furnish equipment that will not damage the subgrade, subbase, base, or
existing concrete slabs designated to remain.

If new or existing slabs not scheduled for replacement are chipped,
spalled, or damaged during the removal operations, replace the damaged
slabs.

**501.05 Preparing Roadbed.** Prepare the roadbed according to
Subsection 303.07 and Section 301. Uniformly dampen the roadbed before
placing the concrete. If traffic is allowed to use the prepared roadbed,
check and correct the surface immediately before the concrete is placed.

Full-depth, full-width reconstruction shall conform to Subsection
501.13.

**501.06 Placing Concrete.** For storing, handling, batching, and mixing
material and delivering concrete, conform to Subsections 552.04 through
552.08 and 552.10.

Do not place concrete on frozen subgrade. Place concrete with side form
or slip form paving machines. Where a paving machine is impractical,
place concrete according to Subsection 501.07.

When concrete is placed adjoining a previously-constructed lane of
pavement, do not allow mechanical equipment to be operated on the
existing lane until the lane has attained a minimum flexural strength of
3.8 megapascals according to AASHTO T 97 or compressive strength of 24
megapascals according to AASHTO T 22. Protect the previously constructed
lane from damage by the paving equipment.

Construct reinforcing steel according to Section 554. Firmly position
the reinforcement on acceptable supports before placing the concrete, or
after spreading, mechanically place or vibrate the reinforcement to the
required depth in the plastic concrete.

**501.07 Construction of Irregular Areas.** In irregular areas or areas
inaccessible to paving equipment, construct the pavement using side
forms. Strike-off, consolidate, float, and surface finish the concrete
as follows:

**(a)** Thoroughly and uniformly vibrate and compact the concrete during
placement without segregating the material.

**(b)** Using templates or screeds, strike-off the concrete to shape it
to the required cross-section between the forms. Carry a slight excess
of concrete in front of the leading edge of the template or screed.

**(c)** Float the surface to the required grade and cross-section.

**(d)** Finish the surface according to Subsection 501.09.

**501.08 Joints.** Do not vary longitudinal joints more than 13
millimeters and transverse joints more than 6 millimeters from the true
alignment. When curbs or medians are constructed integral with the
pavement, construct transverse joints continuous through the curb or
median. Protect all joints from the intrusion of deleterious matter
until sealed.

Form isolated joints at structures by placing 13-millimeter expansion
joint filler around each structure that extends into or through the
pavement before concrete is placed.

Remove and replace all newly-placed concrete pavement where uncontrolled
cracking occurs.

**(a) Longitudinal joints.** Construct longitudinal joints by forming or
sawing. Construct sawed longitudinal joints (with tie bars) when the
concrete pavement placement width exceeds 4.5 meters. Construct the
longitudinal joint continuous with no gaps in either the transverse or
longitudinal joints at intersections.

Place tie bars perpendicular to the longitudinal joints with mechanical
equipment or rigidly secured chairs without damaging or disrupting the
concrete. Do not paint or coat tie bars with any material or enclose
them in tubes or sleeves.

Where adjacent lanes of pavement are constructed separately, use slip
form paving machines or steel side forms to form a keyway along the
construction joint. Tie bars may be bent at right angles against the
form of the first lane constructed and straightened into final position
before placing concrete in the adjacent lane. Repair or replace broken
or badly-damaged tie bars.

Threaded hook bolts may be used instead of tie bars. Fasten hook bolts
to the form of the longitudinal construction joint. With slip form
paving, tie bars may be hydraulically inserted through metal keyways.

**(1) Formed joints.** Form joints with an approved nonmetallic or
removable device while the concrete is plastic. When adjacent lanes are
constructed separately, form the sealant reservoir in the lane placed
last.

**(2) Sawed joints.** After placing concrete, saw joints as soon as
equipment can be supported and before uncontrolled cracking occurs. Do
not ravel the joints while sawing. Saw longitudinal joints immediately
after sawing transverse joints. Protect the sawed concrete faces from
drying during the curing period. Saw sealant reservoirs no sooner than
72 hours after placing the concrete.

If necessary, continue sawing day and night, regardless of weather
conditions. Clean the saw cut and adjacent concrete surface of slurry
residue after sawing each joint.

Do not saw a joint if a crack occurs at or near the joint location
before sawing. Discontinue sawing when a crack develops ahead of the
saw.

If a crack develops in reinforced concrete pavement, remove and replace
at least a 3‑meter long, full-width slab properly attached to adjacent
slabs.

If a crack develops in plain concrete pavement, remove and replace a
full slab properly attached to adjacent slabs.

**(b) Transverse expansion joints.** Form transverse expansion joints
according to (a)(1) above. Place dowel bars through transverse joints.
Hold dowels parallel to the surface and center line of the slab by a
metal device that remains in the pavement.

Dowel placement implanters may be used while the concrete is plastic
provided they conform to the dowel tolerance specified. Remove all
concrete that leaks into the joint expansion space.

Install the preformed joint filler full-depth, perpendicular to the
subgrade, and continuous across the full-pavement width. Do not use
damaged or repaired joint filler. If joint filler is assembled in
sections, construct without an offset between adjacent sections.

**(c) Transverse contraction joints.** Where required by the contract,
place dowel bars according to (b) above. Dowel bar sleeves and finishing
caps are not required. Saw joints according to (a)(2) above. For
adjacent lanes placed separately, construct joints continuously across
full width of pavement.

Concrete edges adjacent to the joint may be rounded or beveled to a
radius or length as approved. Resaw or grind any joint having an
insufficient opening. Where a joint is larger than required, furnish a
larger size joint seal as approved.

**(d) Transverse construction joints.** Unless an expansion joint occurs
at the same location, construct a transverse construction joint at the
end of each day\'s work or where concrete placement is interrupted for
more than 30 minutes. Do not construct a transverse joint within 3
meters of any parallel joint.

If sufficient concrete has not been mixed to form a slab at least 3
meters long when an interruption occurs, remove and dispose of the
excess concrete back to the last preceding joint.

Use a metal or wooden bulkhead to form the joint, shaped to the pavement
cross-section, and designed to permit the installation of dowel bars.

Install dowel bars in all transverse construction joints whose location
does not coincide with the location of a transverse expansion or
contraction joint.

**501.09 Surface Finishing.** Protect the surface from rain damage.

After floating, check the surface of the fresh concrete with a 3-meter
straightedge. Remove high areas indicated by the straightedge. Lap each
successive check with the straightedge 1.5 meters over the previous
check path.

Correct pavement edge slump in excess of 6 millimeters in 3 meters
before the concrete has hardened. If edge slump exceeds 25 millimeters
on any 0.3 meter or greater length of hardened concrete, remove and
replace the entire panel between the transverse and longitudinal joints.

Before the concrete has initially set, work the pavement edges on each
side of transverse expansion joints, formed joints, transverse
construction joints, and emergency construction joints to produce a
6-millimeter continuous radius and a smooth, dense mortar finish. Do not
use mortar buildup to round edges.

Finish the surface according to Subsection 552.14(c)(1).

**501.10 Curing.** Immediately after finishing and when marring will not
occur, cure the concrete for a minimum of 72 hours. Do not leave the
concrete exposed for more than one half hour during the curing period.
Cure using one of the following methods:

**(a) Water method.** Cure according to Subsection 552.15(b). Entirely
cover the surface of the pavement and the edges of the slab with water
saturated mats. Extend mats at least twice the thickness of the pavement
beyond the edges of the slab. Place the mats in complete contact with
the surface. Use masses or other approved methods to maintain contact.

**(b) Liquid membrane curing compound method.** Cure according to
Subsection 552.15(c). Protect sawed joints from intrusion of foreign
material into the joint before sealing. Repair damaged areas immediately
with additional compound.

**(c) Waterproof cover method.** Thoroughly wet the surface using a fog
mist applicator. Cover the entire surface with a waterproof cover. Lap
the cover at least 0.5 meter. Extend the cover beyond the edges of the
slab at least twice the thickness of the pavement. Place the cover in
complete contact with the surface.

Use masses or other approved methods to maintain contact. Seal, sew, or
cement lap joints to prevent opening or separating while curing.

When the air temperature is expected to drop below 2 ºC, furnish a
sufficient supply of insulating material. Insulate the pavement surface
and sides to a depth that maintains a temperature above 4 ºC for 3 days.
Furnish and place continuously recording thermometers according to
Subsection 552.10.

Remove forms when the concrete has hardened sufficiently to resist
damage but not earlier than 12 hours after placing concrete. Protect the
sides of the exposed slabs immediately with a curing method equal to
that provided for the surface. Prevent erosion of the base course
beneath the exposed pavement edges until shoulders are constructed.

**501.11 Sealing Joints.** Saw cut and seal joints before the pavement
is opened to construction or public traffic. Do not saw sealant
reservoirs within 72 hours after placing concrete.

Clean each joint of all foreign material, including membrane curing
compound and concrete slurry, immediately after sawing the joint. Blow
dry joints with compressed air. Do not apply sealing material unless the
joint faces are clean and surface dry.

Use preformed joint seals, silicone sealant, or hot-poured sealant for
expansion joints. Use silicone or hot-poured sealants for longitudinal
and transverse contraction joints.

**(a) Silicone or hot-poured sealants.** Install backer rod with a steel
wheel to the depth required. Do not stretch or twist the backer rod
during installation. Limit the length of backer rod installed to that
which can be sealed during the same workday.

Place poured joint sealing material when the air temperature is over
4 ºC. Immediately remove any excess or spilled material, and clean the
pavement surface. Do not use sand or similar material to cover the seal.

**(b) Preformed joint seals.** Furnish the seal in one piece in the size
specified for the joint opening. Install seals with a lubricant adhesive
covering both sides of the concrete joint. Compress the seal to between
20 and 50 percent of its nominal width. Install the top of the seal
about 6 millimeters below the pavement surface.

Remove and replace seals that are damaged, twisted, improperly
positioned, or stretched more than 3 percent.

**501.12 Pavement Smoothness/Roughness.** Measure the
smoothness/roughness of the final pavement surface after the concrete
has sufficiently hardened and according to the designated type below. In
addition, construct all pavement surfaces to meet the requirements of
(c) below.

**(a) Type A smoothness (profile ride index (PRI)).** For type A
pavement smoothness, furnish a California type profilograph and
personnel to operate the profilograph. The CO will direct and observe
its operation. Operate the profilograph in the "mode" such that the
continuous plot produced can be reduced according to FLH T 504. Measure
in the middle portion of each lane and exclude areas according to FLH T
504. Measure excluded areas according to (c) below. Submit the trace to
the CO.

A PRI will be calculated for each 0.1-kilometer lane of traveled way
using a zero blanking-band. The PRI will be determined according to FLH
T 504. Bumps will be located using a 10-millimeter bump template.

The upper specification limit is 380 millimeters per kilometer.
Defective areas are bumps in excess of 10 millimeters in 7.62 meters,
0.1-kilometer profile ride index greater than 450 millimeters per
kilometer, or surfaces with a pay factor less than 0.75 as determined
under Subsection 106.05.

**(b) Type B roughness (international roughness index (IRI)).** For type
B pavement roughness, furnish an inertial profiler conforming to AASHTO
PP 50 and validated according to AASHTO PP51. At least 21 days before
use, submit results showing the inertial profiler conforms to AASHTO PP
51. Furnish personnel to operate the inertial profiler according to
AASHTO PP 52. The CO will direct and observe its operation. Measure in
the middle portion of each lane. Submit raw data files (\*.ERD) that are
compatible with FHWA Profile Viewer software on a compact disk to the
CO.

Areas of localized roughness will be identified using a 7.62-meter
moving average filter. The difference between the 7.62-meter moving
average and the reported relative elevation for every profile point will
be determined. Deviations greater than 3.81 millimeters are areas of
localized roughness.

An IRI value will be determined for each 0.1-lane kilometer of traveled
way. Cattle guards and bridges not being overlayed will be excluded from
the calculation of IRI and determination of localized roughness. Measure
excluded areas according to (c) below.

Defective areas are 0.1-lane kilometer segments with IRI values greater
than 1.499 meters per kilometer or areas of localized roughness.

The pay adjustment factor for each 0.1-kilometer segment will be
determined from Table 401-3.

**(c) Type C pavement smoothness/roughness (straightedge measurement).**
Use a 3-meter metal straightedge to measure at right angles and parallel
to the centerline. Defective areas are surface deviations in excess of 6
millimeters in 3 meters between any two contacts of the straightedge
with the surface.

**(d) Defective area correction.** Correct defective areas from
paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) above. Obtain approval for the proposed
method of correction. If no corrections are allowed, no adjustment will
be made to the pay adjustment factors.

Re-measure corrected areas according to the specified type of pavement
smoothness/roughness. The smoothness/roughness value obtained will
replace the original.

**501.13 Full-Depth, Full-Width Patching.** Construct the pavement patch
to provide a similar appearance to the existing pavement. Prepare test
panels using the same materials proposed for the work.

Begin pavement work after the test panels have been inspected and
approved for appearance and the concrete mix design 28-day compressive
strength is verified.

**(a) Concrete removal.** For mesh-reinforced, plain dowel, or plain
jointed concrete pavement, saw cut slabs full depth leaving vertical
edges at the limits of the patch.

For continuously reinforced concrete pavement, saw cut the exterior
transverse patch limits to a depth of 45±5 millimeters. Do not allow the
saw cut to penetrate the steel reinforcement. Saw cut longitudinal
limits full depth. Break up the concrete with a chipping hammer down to
the steel.

If replacement steel is welded, cut the existing reinforcing steel and
leave 200 millimeters of steel exposed. If replacement steel is tied,
cut the existing steel to leave the lap length plus 50 millimeters. Lap
lengths are shown in Table 501-2.

Table 501-2

Reinforcing Steel Splices

+-----------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| **Bar Size**          | **Length of Overlap**                        |
|                       |                                              |
|                       | **(Millimeters)**                            |
+-----------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 10M                   | 375                                          |
+-----------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 15M                   | 450                                          |
+-----------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 20M                   | 550                                          |
+-----------------------+----------------------------------------------+

Remove the concrete by either or both of the following methods:

**(1) Break-up and clean-out method.** Break up the concrete from the
center of the patch area toward the end saw cuts. Remove the concrete
pieces with equipment that will not damage the underlying surface.

**(2) Lift-out method.** Lift the slab in one or more pieces without
disturbing the underlying surface. Clean out the area with hand tools.

Dispose of the concrete according to Section 203. When directed,
excavate the underlying material to a maximum depth of 300 millimeters,
and replace with aggregate base according to Sections 204 and 301.
Prevent adjacent concrete slabs from being undermined.

Remove and replace adjacent slabs damaged by concrete removal. Repair
spalls using partial-depth patching methods according to Section 502.

Repair all saw overcuts at the corner of repair areas and nicks to
adjacent pavement outside the perimeter of the repair area with
non-corrosive, non-shrink grout.

**(b) Replacing reinforcing steel.** For continuously reinforced
concrete pavement, if more than 10 percent of the reinforcing steel is
visibly corroded or damaged, extend the limits of the patch over the
required lap length. The required lap lengths for various sizes of
reinforcing steel bars are shown in Table 501-2.

For concrete pavement patches, provide a 75-millimeter clearance between
the ends of new reinforcing steel and the existing slab face. Match the
number, type, and spacing of the new reinforcement to the existing
pavement. Support reinforcing steel with bar chairs or other approved
methods while placing concrete.

**(c) Joints.** Construct joints according to Subsection 501.08. Field
adjust locations and lengths of joints as directed at intersections,
median openings, and other areas of odd-shaped slabs such that no joint
is less than 460 millimeters long and no slab has an angle less than 60
degrees. Construct joints perpendicular to the edge of pavement.

Place dowels or tie bars into the existing slab. Drill the dowel or tie
bar holes into the face at the required diameter with the drill rigidly
supported. Completely fill the holes around the dowels and tie bars with
an epoxy or nonshrink grout for a permanent fastening to the existing
concrete. Furnish a plug or donut to prevent epoxy or grout loss.

Edge all transverse and longitudinal joints against forms or existing
pavement. Transverse joints in a continuous lane pour or longitudinal
joints in a continuous dual lane pour do not require edging.

Clean the exposed faces of joints according to Subsection 502.06(a).
Seal joints according to Subsection 501.11.

**(d) Concrete placement.** Construct side forms to overlap the ends of
the existing slab. Securely fasten side forms so they do not move when
concrete is placed. To accommodate forms for the patch, excavate the
adjacent shoulders a maximum width of 300 millimeters.

Cast each patch in one continuous full-depth operation. After removal of
the forms, backfill, compact, and return the excavated shoulder area to
its previous condition.

**(e) Finishing.** Finish patches according to Subsection 501.09 to
match the plane and texture of the contiguous pavement.

**501.14 Opening to Traffic.** Do not allow traffic on new concrete
pavement earlier than 14 days after concrete placement unless concrete
tests indicate one of the following conditions is obtained:

**(a)** Flexural strength of 4 megapascals according to AASHTO T 97; or

**(b)** Compressive strength of 25 megapascals according to AASHTO T 22.

Cure specimens according to AASHTO T 23, Curing, Curing for Determining
Form Removal Time or When a Structure May be Put into Service.

Do not allow traffic on the pavement when joint sealant is tacky and
traffic debris would imbed into the sealant.

**501.15 Acceptance.** Material (except reinforcing steel) for rigid
pavement will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03. Furnish
a production certification for the hydraulic cement.

The concrete mixture\'s slump, air content, unit mass, and temperature
will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04. See Table 501-3
for sampling and testing requirements.

Type B pavement roughness will be evaluated under Subsection 106.04. See
Subsection 501.12.

Concrete compressive strength, pavement thickness, and type A pavement
smoothness will be evaluated under Subsection 106.05. See Table 501-3
for sampling and testing requirements.

**(a) Compressive strength.** The lower specification limit is the
minimum required compressive strength at 28 days (f~c~\') specified in
Table 501-1. A single compressive strength test result is the average
result from 2 cylinders cast from the same load and tested at 28 days.
See Table 501-3 for the acceptance quality characteristic category.

**(b) Pavement thickness.** The lower specification limit is the
required thickness minus 6 millimeters. See Table 501-3 for the
acceptance quality characteristic category.

**(c) Pavement smoothness.** The evaluation will be made after all
defective areas are corrected. See Subsection 501.12.

Construction (including batching, placing, finishing, and curing
concrete) of the rigid pavement will be evaluated under Subsections
106.02 and 106.04.

Reinforcing steel will be evaluated under Section 554.

Measurement

**501.16** Measure the Section 501 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure the square meter width horizontally including allowable curve
widening. Measure the square meter length horizontally along the
centerline of the roadway.

Measure sealing joints under Section 502.

Measure removal and disposal of unsuitable material in the subbase or
subgrade under Section 204.

Measure patching and leveling material used to replace unsuitable
material removed from the roadbed under the applicable Sections.

Payment

**501.17** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 501 pay items listed in the bid
schedule except the rigid pavement unit bid price will be adjusted
according to Subsections 106.05 and 501.12. Payment will be full
compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection
109.05.

Payment for rigid pavement will be made at a price determined by
multiplying the unit bid price by the material pay factor. The material
pay factor is the lowest single pay factor determined for either
compressive strength or pavement thickness.

When the bid schedule contains a pay item for rigid pavement, type A
pavement smoothness, a separate adjustment will be made for pavement
smoothness according to the following formula:

A2 = 20,300(PF~smooth~ -- 1.00)(L)

where:

A2 = Adjustment to contract payment in dollars for pavement smoothness.

L = Total project length in lane kilometers of traveled way including
excluded areas. Measure project length to 3 decimal places.

> PF~smooth~ = Pay factor for smoothness with respect to the upper
> specification limit of 380 millimeters per kilometer after completion
> of corrective work.

When the bid schedule contains a pay item for rigid pavement, type B
pavement roughness, a separate pay adjustment will be made. The dollar
amount of the adjustment will be determined by summing the pay
adjustment factors determined in Subsection 401.16 for each
0.1-kilometer and multiplying that sum by the contract unit bid price.

+-------+-------+----------+----------+-------------+--------+-------+
| Table | *     | Before   | Before   | Before      | "      | "     |
| 501-3 | *Repo | p        | p        |             |        |       |
|       | rting | roducing | roducing | batching    |        |       |
| Sam   | T     |          |          |             |        |       |
| pling | ime** |          |          |             |        |       |
| and   |       |          |          |             |        |       |
| Te    |       |          |          |             |        |       |
| sting |       |          |          |             |        |       |
| Re    |       |          |          |             |        |       |
| quire |       |          |          |             |        |       |
| ments |       |          |          |             |        |       |
+-------+-------+----------+----------+-------------+--------+-------+
|       | **Sp  | Yes      | Yes      | Yes, when   | "      | "     |
|       | lit** |          |          | requested   |        |       |
|       |       |          |          |             |        |       |
|       | **Sam |          |          |             |        |       |
|       | ple** |          |          |             |        |       |
+-------+-------+----------+----------+-------------+--------+-------+
|       | **    | Source   | Source   | Flowing     | "      | "     |
|       | Point | of       | of       | aggregate   |        |       |
|       | of    |          |          | stream      |        |       |
|       | Sampl | material | material | (bin,       |        |       |
|       | ing** |          |          |             |        |       |
|       |       |          |          | belt,       |        |       |
|       |       |          |          | discharge   |        |       |
|       |       |          |          | conveyor    |        |       |
|       |       |          |          | belt, or    |        |       |
|       |       |          |          | stockpile)  |        |       |
+-------+-------+----------+----------+-------------+--------+-------+
|       | **    | 1 per    | 1 per    | 1 per day   | ---    | ---   |
|       | Sampl | material | mix      |             |        |       |
|       | ing** | type     | design   |             |        |       |
|       |       |          |          |             |        |       |
|       | **F   |          |          |             |        |       |
|       | reque |          |          |             |        |       |
|       | ncy** |          |          |             |        |       |
+-------+-------+----------+----------+-------------+--------+-------+
|       | *     | AASHTO M | Su       | AASHTO T 27 | AASHTO | A     |
|       | *Test | 80       | bsection | &           | T 27   | ASHTO |
|       | Me    |          | 552.03   |             |        | T 255 |
|       | thods |          |          | T 11        |        |       |
|       | S     |          |          |             |        |       |
|       | pecif |          |          |             |        |       |
|       | icati |          |          |             |        |       |
|       | ons** |          |          |             |        |       |
+-------+-------+----------+----------+-------------+--------+-------+
|       | **    | ---      | ---      | ---         | ---    | ---   |
|       | Categ |          |          |             |        |       |
|       | ory** |          |          |             |        |       |
+-------+-------+----------+----------+-------------+--------+-------+
|       | **C   | Quality  | All      | Gradation   | Fi     | Moi   |
|       | harac |          |          |             | neness | sture |
|       | teris |          |          |             |        | test  |
|       | tic** |          |          |             | m      |       |
|       |       |          |          |             | odulus |       |
+-------+-------+----------+----------+-------------+--------+-------+
|       | *     | Measured | Measured | Measured    |        |       |
|       | *Type | and      | and      | and tested  |        |       |
|       | of    | tested   | tested   |             |        |       |
|       | Accep |          |          | for         |        |       |
|       | tance | for      | for      | conformance |        |       |
|       | (Sub  | con      | con      | (106.04)    |        |       |
|       | secti | formance | formance |             |        |       |
|       | on)** |          |          |             |        |       |
|       |       | (106.04  | (106.04  |             |        |       |
|       |       | & 105)   | & 105)   |             |        |       |
+-------+-------+----------+----------+-------------+--------+-------+
|       | **Mat | A        | Concrete | Produced    |        |       |
|       | erial | ggregate |          | aggregate   |        |       |
|       | or    | source   | com      | (fine &     |        |       |
|       | Prod  | quality  | position | coarse)     |        |       |
|       | uct** |          |          |             |        |       |
|       |       | (703.02) | (mix     |             |        |       |
|       |       |          | design)  |             |        |       |
+-------+-------+----------+----------+-------------+--------+-------+

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="9"><p>Table 501-3 (continued)</p>
<p>Sampling and Testing Requirements</p></td>
<td><strong>Reporting Time</strong></td>
<td><p>Upon</p>
<p>completing</p>
<p>tests</p></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>Subsection 552.09(b)(4)</td>
<td><p>Upon</p>
<p>completing paving</p></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>72 hours</td>
<td rowspan="9">(1) Sample according to AASHTO T 141 except composite
samples are not required.</td>
<td rowspan="9">(2) Cast at least 4 compressive strength test cylinders
and carefully transports the cylinders to the job site curing
facility.</td>
<td rowspan="9">(3) A single compressive strength test result is the
average result from 2 cylinders cast from the same lead and tested at 28
days.</td>
<td rowspan="9">(4) Deliver cylinders to designated laboratory for
test.</td>
<td rowspan="9">(5) Thickness is not a statistically evaluated parameter
unless concrete pavement payment is by the square meter.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Split</strong></p>
<p><strong>Sample</strong></p></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Note 4</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Point of Sampling</strong></td>
<td>Point of discharge</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>Discharge stream at point of placement</td>
<td>See Subsection 501.12</td>
<td><p>See Subsection</p>
<p>501.12</p></td>
<td>In place after sufficient hardening</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Sampling</strong></p>
<p><strong>Frequency</strong></p></td>
<td>1 per load</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>1 set per 25 m<sup>3</sup> but not less than 1 per day</td>
<td><p>See Subsection</p>
<p>501.12</p></td>
<td><p>See Subsection</p>
<p>501.12</p></td>
<td>1 core per 2000 m<sup>2</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Test Methods Specifications</strong></td>
<td>AASHTO T 121</td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 152 or</p>
<p>T 196</p></td>
<td>AASHTO T 119</td>
<td>Field measured</td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 23 &amp;</p>
<p>T 22</p></td>
<td><p>See Subsection</p>
<p>501.12</p></td>
<td><p>See Subsection</p>
<p>501.12</p></td>
<td>AASHTO T 24</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Category</strong></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>II</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>II</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Characteristic</strong></td>
<td>Unit mass</td>
<td>Air content</td>
<td>Slump</td>
<td>Temperature</td>
<td>Compressive strength<sup>(2)(3)</sup></td>
<td><p>Type A</p>
<p>smoothness</p></td>
<td><p>Type B</p>
<p>roughness</p></td>
<td>Pavement<br />
thickness <sup>(5)</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type of Acceptance (Subsection)</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance (106.04)</p></td>
<td><p>Statistical</p>
<p>(106.05)</p></td>
<td><p>Statistical</p>
<p>(106.05)</p></td>
<td><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance (106.04)</p></td>
<td><p>Statistical</p>
<p>(106.05)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Material or Product</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><p>Concrete<sup>(1)</sup></p>
<p>(552.09 (b)(3))</p></td>
<td>Structural concrete (552.09 (b)(3))</td>
<td colspan="3"><p>Concrete</p>
<p>pavement</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

## Section 502. --- RIGID PAVEMENT RESTORATION

Description

**502.01** This work consists of the restoration of rigid pavement. This
work includes partial‑depth patching, pavement jacking, subsealing,
surface grinding, crack and joint repair, and breaking and seating
before a pavement overlay.

Material

**502.02** Conform to the following Section and Subsections:

Epoxy grout 725.22(b)

Epoxy resin adhesives 725.21

Joint fillers and sealants 712.01

Non-shrink grout 725.22(c)

Polymer grout 725.22(b)

Rigid pavement 501

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**502.03 Composition of Mix (Concrete Mix Design).** Design the concrete
mix according to Subsection 501.03. Provide cement which is similar in
color to that used in existing pavement. Provide aggregates which are
similar in gradation, color, and hardness to those used in existing
pavement.

**502.04 Equipment.** Furnish equipment conforming to Section 501 and
the following:

**(a) Rigid pavement removal.** Furnish removal equipment that will not
fracture the concrete below the necessary patch depth.

**(b) Routing.** Furnish routers that control and maintain the required
cutting depth and width without damaging the adjacent concrete or
remaining joint material.

**(c) Sandblasting.** Furnish sandblasting equipment that will remove
any residual sealant, oil, or other foreign material in joints that may
prevent bond of new sealant.

**(d) Jet waterblasting.** Furnish a high-pressure water jet machine
that is capable of removing all residual sealant, oil, or other foreign
material in joints that may prevent the new sealant from bonding.

**(e) Air compressors.** Furnish air compressors with a minimum nozzle
pressure of 690 kilopascals and capable of dislodging loose debris and
drying joints and cracks.

**(f) Joint and crack sealing.** Furnish sealing equipment according to
the manufacturer\'s recommendations for the sealing material furnished.

**(g) Grouting.** Furnish a grout plant which consists of a positive
displacement cement injection pump and a high-speed colloidal mill.
Operate colloidal mixing machine at speeds necessary to make a
homogeneous mixture.

Furnish an injection pump having a pressure capability of 1900±170
kilopascals when pumping a grout slurry mixed to a 12-second flow cone
time and that continuously pumps at a minimum rate of 6.0 liters per
minute. The system may be modified by adding a recirculating hose and
valve at the discharge end of the pump.

Batch water through a meter or scale capable of measuring the total
day\'s consumption. Furnish hoses, fittings, and control which provide a
positive seal during grout injection.

**(h) Drilling.** Furnish rock drills capable of drilling straight and
true minimum 38‑millimeter holes through the concrete slab, steel
reinforcement, and base material.

Furnish rock drills weighing less than 27 kilograms that are capable of
drilling with a downward pressure of less than 90 kilograms. Furnish an
auger to open clogged holes and existing pavement jacking holes.

**(i) Slab stabilization testing.** Furnish testing equipment including
the following:

**(1)** A 2-axle truck with dual rear wheels. Load the rear axle to 80
kilonewtons evenly distributed between the 2 wheel paths;

**(2)** Static load measuring gauges consisting of 4 gauges on 2 gauge
mounts, 2 gauges per mount, capable of detecting slab movement under
load; and

**(3)** A modified Benkelman beam or similar approved device.

**(j) Surface diamond grinding.** Furnish power driven, self-propelled
grinding equipment, specifically designed to smooth and texture concrete
pavement with diamond blades. Furnish equipment that:

**(1)** Cuts or planes at least 1 meter in width;

**(2)** Does not encroach on traffic movement outside of the work area;
and

**(3)** Grinds the surface without spalling at joints and cracks or
fracturing surface aggregates.

**(k) Fracturing and seating.** Furnish an approved fracturing device
capable of producing the desired fracturing pattern without displacing
or spalling the pavement. \"Headache balls\" and vibratory pneumatic
hammers will not be permitted.

Furnish at least a 32-metric ton pneumatic tired roller to seat the
broken pavement. Towing equipment shall have pneumatic tires and shall
move the roller forward and backward along predetermined lines.

**502.05 Partial-Depth Patching.** This work consists of patching
spalls, potholes, corner breaks, or other surface distresses in concrete
pavement.

Construct the pavement patch similar in appearance to the existing
pavement. Prepare test panels using the same material proposed for the
work. Begin concrete pavement work after approval of the concrete mix
design and the test panel appearance.

**(a) Patch material.** Use an epoxy grout or polymer concrete patch
material for patches less than or equal to 40 millimeters deep. Use
hydraulic cement concrete for patches greater than 40 millimeters deep.

**(b) Patch area preparation.** Extend the limits of repair areas a
minimum of 100 millimeters outside the area of delamination. Saw cut the
perimeter of the patch area, parallel to the existing joint, to a
minimum depth of 40 millimeters and provide a vertical face at the edge
of the patch. Near vertical edges from milling or grinding machines are
acceptable. Repair all saw overcuts at corners of repair areas and nicks
to adjacent pavement outside the perimeter of the repair area with
noncorrosive, nonshrink grout.

Break out concrete within the patch area to a minimum depth of 40
millimeters to expose sound and clean concrete. If the depth of the
repair exceeds 100 millimeters, remove and replace the repair area as a
full-width, full-depth slab according to Subsection 501.13.

Sandblast exposed concrete faces clean of loose particles, oil, dust,
traces of asphalt concrete, and other contaminants before patching.
Remove sandblasting residue immediately before placing the epoxy resin
adhesive.

Remove shoulders adjacent to the patch longitudinally to the depth of
the patch and to a maximum width of 300 millimeters to facilitate
placing form work. Patch and compact shoulders with material similar to
the existing shoulder. Dispose of the concrete according to Section
203.05.

**(c) Placing patch material.** Apply an epoxy resin adhesive according
to the manufacturer\'s recommendations. Delay concrete placement until
the epoxy becomes tacky. Place and consolidate the patch mixture to
eliminate voids at the interface of the patch and existing concrete.
Finish patches according to Subsection 501.09 to match the plane and
texture of the contiguous pavement. Cure according to Subsection 501.10.

**(d) Joints.** If a partial-depth repair area abuts a working joint,
repair the joint similar to the existing joint to maintain a working
joint. Form a new joint to the same width as the existing joint. Seal
the joint according to Subsection 502.06.

**502.06 Joint and Crack Repair.** This work consists of repairing and
resealing joints and cracks in existing concrete pavement.

**(a) Preparation of joints and cracks.** Clean and reseal longitudinal
and transverse joints as required. Remove the existing material in the
joints, and clean the joint no earlier than 1 day before resealing. Do
not damage joints or previously-repaired patches.

Remove sealant with a router to a minimum depth of 2.5 times the joint
width to accommodate the backer rod and to provide the required depth
for the new sealant. After routing, clean the adjacent pavement
surfaces.

Reface cracks with a concrete saw. Remove old sealant from the crack
faces to expose new, clean concrete. When the crack widths vary and the
crack faces are ravelled and irregular, cut a crack reservoir depth of
20 millimeters.

Thoroughly clean the joint or crack of all foreign material. Clean the
joint by sandblasting, high-pressure water jet, or with a mechanical
wire brush. Repeat the process until a new, clean concrete face is
exposed. Dry the joint with compressed air.

Use sawing if other methods do not properly clean the joint. Limit
sawing to exposing clean, new, concrete faces in the joint with a
minimum allowable cut of 2 millimeters on each face of the joint.

**(b) Backer rod.** Install the backer rod to the required depth after
the joints and cracks are clean and dry. Do not stretch or twist the
backer rod during installation. Limit the length of backer rod installed
to that which can be sealed during the same workday.

**(c) Sealant application.** Seal joints and cracks immediately after
placing the backer rod. Apply sealant at the air and surface
temperatures recommended by the sealant manufacturer. If the joint or
crack becomes contaminated or damp, remove the backer rod, clean and dry
the joint or crack, and reinstall a new backer rod before placing the
sealant. Immediately after application, tool the sealant to provide firm
contact with the joint faces and to form the required recess below the
slab surface.

**502.07 Pavement Jacking.** This work consists of raising and
supporting the concrete pavement to the specified grade tolerances by
drilling and injecting non-shrink hydraulic cement grout.

**(a) Drilling holes.** Determine a pattern for grout injection holes
and submit for approval. Drill holes vertically, round, and less than 50
millimeters in diameter. Prevent breaking out the bottom of the
pavement.

**(b) Jacking.** Establish string lines from the pavement high points to
monitor slab movement. Lower an expanding rubber packer or hose,
providing a positive seal and connected to the discharge hose on the
grout plant, into the holes. Do not allow the discharge end of the
packer or hose to extend below the lower surface of the concrete
pavement.

When jacking continuously-reinforced concrete pavement, allow pumping to
raise the pavement to within 3 millimeters of the string line grade.
When jacking jointed pavement and bridge approach slabs, allow pumping
to raise the pavement to within 6 millimeters of the transverse and
longitudinal grades.

Continuous pressures to 1.4 megapascals are permitted. Use pressures to
2 megapascals only for short periods (30 seconds or less). If the
pavement is bonded to the subbase, brief pressure rises (10 seconds or
less) to 4.1 megapascals may be allowed. Stop pumping if grout extrudes
through cracks, joints, shoulders, or from back pressure in the hose.

**(c) Overjacking.** Grind pavement raised above the specified
tolerances to grade. If the overjacking is greater than 25 millimeters,
remove and replace the pavement or a portion thereof, according to
Subsection 501.13.

**(d) Cracks.** New cracks radiating through the grout injection holes
are presumed to have been caused by improper injection techniques. If
any cracks emanate from any grout injection hole, remove and replace the
slab or a portion of the slab according to Subsection 501.13.

**(e) Hole patching.** After the grout has set and the hole plugs are
removed, remove all grout from the holes for the full depth of the slab,
and fill the holes with an epoxy mortar. Repair damaged holes.

**502.08 Undersealing and Slab Stabilization.** This work consists of
pumping a non‑shrink hydraulic cement grout mixture through holes
drilled in the pavement into voids underneath the slabs to stabilize and
underseal concrete pavement.

**(a) Preliminary testing.** Perform all testing at night or when there
is no evidence of slab lock-up due to thermal expansion. Testing may be
allowed to continue if the slabs are not interlocked or under
compression. Furnish testing equipment as provided in Subsection
502.04(i).

Test each designated slab using a static method as follows:

**(1)** Position one set of gauges with one gauge referenced to the
corner of each slab on both sides of the joint near the pavement edge.

**(2)** Set the gauges to zero with no load on the slab on either side
of the joint.

**(3)** Move the test truck into position and stop with the center of
the test axle 300 millimeters behind the joint and the outside test
wheel 300 millimeters from the pavement edge. Read the back gauge.

**(4)** Move the test truck across the joint to a similar position 300
millimeters forward from the joint and stop. Read the forward gauge.

**(5)** Repeat for each joint to be tested. Underseal all slabs with a
deflection of more than 0.8 millimeter.

**(b) Drilling Holes.** Drill holes using the required hole pattern. An
altered hole pattern may be approved based on slab testing and field
conditions. Size drilled holes to provide a positive seal for the
pumping nozzle. For the first undersealing, drill holes to a depth of 75
millimeters beneath the bottom of the concrete.

Submit the number, depth, and location of holes for the second
undersealing for review and approval.

**(c) Cleaning holes.** After the holes are drilled and before pumping
the underseal grout, clean the hole with compressed air to remove debris
and provide a passage for the grout.

**(d) Pumping underseal grout.** Pump grout in all holes. Seal the
nozzle of the discharge hose in the hole to maintain the grout pressure
underneath the slab. Do not allow the nozzle end to extend below the
bottom of the concrete.

Continue pumping into a hole until grout flows out other holes, joints,
or cracks, or until the slab begins to lift. Stop grouting if there is
any lift in the slab or the adjacent shoulder.

During pumping and grouting, closely monitor lift measuring devices to
prevent pumping pressures greater than 700 kilopascals and slab lift
greater than 1.3 millimeters total accumulative movement measured at the
outside joint corner. Do not plug holes while grouting.

Prevent the slab from cracking or breaking. Remove and replace damaged
slabs according to Subsection 501.13.

**(e) Permanently sealing holes.** After the grout has set, remove all
grout from the holes for the full depth of the slab and fill the holes
with a non-shrink grout or epoxy mortar. Repair damaged holes.

**(f) Stability testing.** After the designated slabs have been
undersealed and tested according to (a) above and after 24 hours have
elapsed, underseal any slab that continues to show excess movement. The
CO may accept or direct replacement of any slab that continues to show
movement in excess of that specified after undersealing twice. Remove
and replace designated slabs according to Subsection 501.13.

**502.09 Surface Diamond Grinding.** This work consists of grinding
existing concrete pavement to eliminate joint or crack faults and
providing positive lateral drainage. Uniformly transition auxiliary or
ramp lane grinding from the mainline edge to provide positive drainage
and an acceptable riding surface.

Remove solid residue from pavement surfaces before it is blown by
traffic or wind. Do not allow residue to flow across lanes used by
public traffic or into drainage facilities.

Produce a surface texture consisting of parallel grooves 3±0.5
millimeters wide. Provide an area between the grooves 2.2±0.5
millimeters, and a difference between the peaks of the ridges and the
bottom of the grooves of approximately 2 millimeters.

Test the ground pavement surfaces for pavement smoothness according to
Subsection 501.12(b). Check transverse joints and random cracks with a
3-meter straightedge. Misalignment of surface planes on adjacent sides
of the joints or cracks and between each grinding pass shall be less
than 1.6 millimeters. The transverse slope of the pavement shall have no
depressions or slope misalignment greater than 6 millimeters in 3 meters
tested perpendicular to the centerline. Straightedge requirements do not
apply across longitudinal joints or outside of ground areas.

**502.10 Fracturing Concrete Pavement.** This work consists of
fracturing existing concrete pavement and firmly seating or compacting
the pavement before a pavement overlay. Use one of the following
methods:

**(a) Crack and seat.** Crack the existing concrete pavement into
full-depth hairline cracks with pieces approximately 0.5 to 1.0 meters
in size. Seat the pieces firmly into the foundation.

**(b) Break and seat.** Break the existing concrete pavement into
full-depth hairline cracks with pieces approximately 0.4 to 0.6 meters
in size. Rupture the reinforcement or break the concrete bond and seat
the pieces firmly into the foundation.

**(c) Rubblize and compact.** Completely fracture the existing pavement
into pieces approximately 0.05 to 0.15 meters in size. Remove exposed
reinforcing steel and wire mesh. Compact the pieces into a layer.

The CO will designate a test section. Fracture the test section using
varying energy and striking heights to establish a satisfactory,
evenly-distributed crack pattern. Obtain 150‑millimeter diameter
pavement cores at 10 designated locations over the cracks to verify that
the cracks are full depth.

When fracturing a test section, furnish and apply water to dampen the
pavement following fracturing to enhance visual determination of the
fracturing pattern. Furnish and apply water to a checked section at
least once a day to verify that a satisfactory fracture pattern is
maintained. If approved, adjust the energy and striking height based on
check sections.

Seating consists of rolling the rigid pavement, 2 passes minimum with a
45-metric ton roller or 4 to 7 passes with a 32-metric ton roller, until
the concrete pieces are firmly seated. Compacting consists of rolling
the rigid pavement, 2 passes minimum with a 9‑metric ton vibratory
roller. The CO will determine the maximum number of roller passes on the
test section to ensure seating or compacting without damaging the
pavement. Remove all loose pieces of broken concrete that are not firmly
seated.

Tack the near vertical sides where full-depth broken concrete is removed
according to Section 412. Fill the hole with asphalt concrete according
to Section 404.

Prevent the formation of continuous longitudinal cracks. Do not fracture
pavement within 3 meters of existing box or pipe culverts.

Fill 25-millimeter or greater depressions, resulting from the
compaction, with graded aggregate and recompact.

If unable to fracture pavement to the specified size due to poor
subgrade, remove the pavement and replace with aggregate according to
Section 301.

Clean and seal existing joints and cracks greater than 13 millimeters
width according to Subsection 414.05.

Place the first course of asphalt concrete within 48 hours following the
fracturing operation. If the pavement is used to maintain traffic after
fracturing, but before the asphalt concrete overlay, sweep and patch to
maintain a safe riding surface.

**502.11 Opening to Traffic.** Do not allow traffic on patched pavement
until the concrete has a compressive strength of 25 megapascals when
tested according to AASHTO T 22 or until the grout used for jacking or
undersealing the pavement has attained 4.2 megapascals when tested with
a 160-square millimeter probe according to AASHTO T 197.

Do not allow traffic on sealed joints when the sealant is tacky and
traffic debris embeds into the sealant.

**502.12 Acceptance.** See Table 502-1 for sampling and testing
requirements.

Material for rigid concrete pavement restoration will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.03. Furnish a production certification for
the hydraulic cement.

The concrete mixture\'s slump, air content, unit mass, and temperature
will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

The concrete compressive strength will be evaluated under Subsection
106.04. The lower specification limit is the minimum required
compressive strength at 28 days (f~c~\') specified in Table 501-1. A
single compressive strength test result is the average result from two
cylinders cast from the same load and tested at 28 days.

Construction (including batching, placing, finishing, and curing
concrete) of the concrete will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.04.

Grout will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Rigid pavement restoration work (including partial-depth patching,
pavement jacking, subsealing, surface grinding, crack and joint repair,
and breaking and seating) will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and
106.04.

Measurement

**502.13** Measure the Section 502 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure grout for pavement jacking and undersealing by the cubic meter
by metering.

Measure full-depth, full-width pavement patches under Section 501.

Measure slabs ordered replaced after undersealing twice under Section
501.

Measure aggregate base under Section 301.

Payment

**502.14** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 502 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05

+-------+-------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------+-----+
| Table | *     | Before      | Before   | Before       | "     | "   |
| 502-1 | *Repo | producing   | p        |              |       |     |
|       | rting |             | roducing | batching     |       |     |
| Sam   | T     |             |          |              |       |     |
| pling | ime** |             |          |              |       |     |
| and   |       |             |          |              |       |     |
| Te    |       |             |          |              |       |     |
| sting |       |             |          |              |       |     |
| Re    |       |             |          |              |       |     |
| quire |       |             |          |              |       |     |
| ments |       |             |          |              |       |     |
+-------+-------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------+-----+
|       | **Sp  | Yes         | Yes      | Yes, when    | "     | "   |
|       | lit** |             |          | requested    |       |     |
|       |       |             |          |              |       |     |
|       | **Sam |             |          |              |       |     |
|       | ple** |             |          |              |       |     |
+-------+-------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------+-----+
|       | **    | Source of   | Source   | Flowing      | "     | "   |
|       | Point |             | of       | aggregate    |       |     |
|       | of    | material    |          | stream (bin, |       |     |
|       | Sampl |             | material | belt,        |       |     |
|       | ing** |             |          | discharge    |       |     |
|       |       |             |          | conveyor     |       |     |
|       |       |             |          | belt, or     |       |     |
|       |       |             |          | stockpile)   |       |     |
+-------+-------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------+-----+
|       | **    | 1 per       | 1 per    | 1 per day    | ---   | --- |
|       | Sampl | material    | mix      |              |       |     |
|       | ing** | type        | design   |              |       |     |
|       |       |             |          |              |       |     |
|       | **F   |             |          |              |       |     |
|       | reque |             |          |              |       |     |
|       | ncy** |             |          |              |       |     |
+-------+-------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------+-----+
|       | *     | AASHTO M 80 | Su       | AASHTO T 27  | A     | AAS |
|       | *Test |             | bsection |              | ASHTO | HTO |
|       | Me    |             | 552.03   | & T 11       | T 27  | T   |
|       | thods |             |          |              |       | 255 |
|       | S     |             |          |              |       |     |
|       | pecif |             |          |              |       |     |
|       | icati |             |          |              |       |     |
|       | ons** |             |          |              |       |     |
+-------+-------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------+-----+
|       | **    | ---         | ---      | ---          | ---   | --- |
|       | Categ |             |          |              |       |     |
|       | ory** |             |          |              |       |     |
+-------+-------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------+-----+
|       | **C   | Quality     | All      | Gradation    | Fin   | Mo  |
|       | harac |             |          |              | eness | ist |
|       | teris |             |          |              |       | ure |
|       | tic** |             |          |              | mo    | t   |
|       |       |             |          |              | dulus | est |
+-------+-------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------+-----+
|       | *     | Measured    | Measured | Measured and |       |     |
|       | *Type | and tested  | and      | tested       |       |     |
|       | of    |             | tested   |              |       |     |
|       | Accep | for         |          | for          |       |     |
|       | tance | conformance | for      | conformance  |       |     |
|       | (Sub  | (106.04 &   | con      | (106.04)     |       |     |
|       | secti | 105)        | formance |              |       |     |
|       | on)** |             | (106.04  |              |       |     |
|       |       |             | & 105)   |              |       |     |
+-------+-------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------+-----+
|       | **Mat | Aggregate   | Concrete | Produced     |       |     |
|       | erial | source      |          | aggregate    |       |     |
|       | or    | quality     | com      |              |       |     |
|       | Prod  |             | position | (fine &      |       |     |
|       | uct** | (703.02)    |          | coarse)      |       |     |
+-------+-------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------+-----+

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="9"><p>Table 502-1 (continued)</p>
<p>Sampling Testing Requirements</p></td>
<td><strong>Reporting Time</strong></td>
<td>Upon completing tests</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>See 552.09(b)(4)</td>
<td rowspan="9">(1) Sample according to AASHTO T 141 except composite
samples are not required.</td>
<td rowspan="9">(2) Cast at least 4 compressive strength test cylinders
and carefully transport the cylinders to the job site curing
facility.</td>
<td rowspan="9">(3) A single compressive strength test result is the
average result from 2 cylinders cast from the same lead and tested at 28
days.</td>
<td rowspan="9">(4) Deliver cylinders to designated laboratory for
test.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Split</strong></p>
<p><strong>Sample</strong></p></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Note 4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Point of Sampling</strong></td>
<td><p>Point of</p>
<p>discharge <sup>(1)</sup></p></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td><p>Discharge stream at point of</p>
<p>placing</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Sampling</strong></p>
<p><strong>Frequency</strong></p></td>
<td>1 per load <sup>(2)</sup></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>1 set per 25 m<sup>3</sup> but not less than 1 per day</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Test Methods Specifications</strong></td>
<td>AASHTO T 121</td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 152</p>
<p>or T 196</p></td>
<td>AASHTO T 119</td>
<td>Field measured</td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 23</p>
<p>&amp; T 22</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Category</strong></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>II</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Characteristic</strong></td>
<td>Unit mass</td>
<td>Air content</td>
<td>Slump</td>
<td>Temperature</td>
<td><p>Compressive</p>
<p>strength<sup>(3)</sup></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type of Acceptance (Subsection)</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance (106.04)</p></td>
<td><p>Statistical</p>
<p>(106.05)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Material or Product</strong></td>
<td colspan="4">Concrete (552.09(b)(3))</td>
<td>Structural concrete (552.09(b)(3))</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>