**Aerial Photography Field Office**

**(AFPO)**

**Historical Imagery Holdings**

**For The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)**

**Written by Louise E. Mathews**

**2005**

**Table of Contents**

Summation

Summary of Vault Holdings

Acronym Glossary

Chapter 1: Photo Programs Through the Years

Chapter 2: What Does Our Vault Contain?

Chapter 3: Uses for Historical Imagery

Chapter 4: Who Uses Our Imagery?

Chapter 5: Assessing the Need to Archive

Arguments For and Against Archiving

Assessment Questions

Archiving Options

Appendix 1: Rolls By Program

Appendix 2: Rolls By Type

Appendix 3: Vault Holdings By Year

Appendix 4: Indexes by Type

Appendix 5: Indexes by Year

Appendix 6: Records Appraisal Tool

Appendix 7: Work Orders by Year

Appendix 8: Work Orders by Customer

Appendix 9: Work Orders by Customer, 1993 - Present

Appendix 10: Work Orders by Customer, 1954 - 1993

Appendix 11: Digital Imagery Orders

Appendix 12: Digital Imagery Orders without APFO or Forest Service

**Summation**

The format of this report was to answer some basic questions about the
Aerial Photography Field Office's historical film library
(affectionately known as "the vault"), its past, and its future. The
questions I pose here are why we have this collection, what is in it,
what can it be used for, who uses it, and why should it be archived
digitally. Scanning the vault would be a mammoth undertaking, and some
clear decisions would need to be considered before it is seriously
proposed.

The Aerial Photography Field Office (APFO) reputedly has one of the
largest collections of historical aerial photography in the nation. It
was acquired as an aid to county offices in administering farm programs.
In addition to serving the Farm Service Agency (FSA) and its
predecessors, APFO has contracted imagery acquisition for the Forest
Service (FS), National Resources and Conservation Service (NRCS), and
others.

There are 54,533 rolls in the APFO film library. The largest part of the
collection, 43%, is ASCS film dating from the mid-1950s through 1982.
Nearly all of this is Black and White. Over 20% of the imagery is
Natural Color, flown for the Forest Service. The rest was flown for a
number of other programs, including the National High Altitude Program
(NHAP) and National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP).

Overall, over 63% of the film is Black and White; 22% is natural color,
and the rest is Color Infrared (15%). 87.2% is negative film and 12.8%
is positive film. Nearly 60% of the film was flown before 1980, and
nearly all of the film is in the "normal" 9" x 9" flying format.

There are 83,875 indexes in the vault. This number refers to individual
index sheets; in many cases, more than one sheet was needed to cover a
county area. Over 78% of these are photo indexes, and date from the
earlier years of the collection. The last photo indexes were made in
1984. Some of these are in fragile condition; the catalog lists over 100
of poor quality, and these might not holdup to even an archival scan.
There is no georeferencing information with these indexes, or with the
accompanying rolls of film. This would need to be addressed in order to
create an online ordering system, or even a more geographically friendly
system for the Sales Section to use. Center point data is available for
newer imagery, and this could be easily used in GIS to create custom
indexes, perhaps using Digital Raster Graphics (DRGs) or an automated
imagery search.

The quality of film in the film library is considered to be good by
those who have daily contact with it.

Historical aerial photography has a great many potential uses, and more
would be uncovered as it becomes increasingly available. In addition to
the original agricultural uses, aerial photography can provide a
historical record for studying such things as land use change, landform
change, demographic change, and habitat assessment. It can be used for
community planning, environmental enforcement, industrial projects,
transportation planning, creating base maps, and basic enjoyment.

APFO is currently doing custom scanning, and has a four month backlog of
orders. These scans are not archived, as there is no standard format,
size, or metadata creation. Continuing this activity without changes, or
in line with set standards and metadata creation, would be one necessary
option for the future of the library. Custom scans for "high end"
customers (who may want greater detail than in a standard format) will
always be a part of APFO's workload.

Orders for imagery submitted from January 2002 through December 2004
came largely from the general public. Nearly 66% of all work orders were
from the public, but these accounted for less than 10% of the actual
units requested. Most of the units requested were for APFO Contracting
Obligations or the Forest Service. This would be expected, since this
was the basic work commitment of this office. Looking at work order
requests from the last two years for imagery flown between 1954 and
1992, the public was the largest customer in both areas, accounting for
over 70% of work orders and over 39% of units. Requests for NDOP and
NAIP imagery came almost entirely from federal users, with the largest
being (as expected) APFO internal orders and the Farm Service Agency.
Interest in digital imagery from the states and general public might
need to be developed.

Many opinions and options exist regarding the need to archive the
library and how to go about it. These will need to be thoroughly studied
before moving forward.

**Summary of Film Library Holdings**

(Readers Digest Version)

Indices:

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  Photo Indexes                       65672

  Spot Indices                        5027

  Line Indices                        10998

  "Digital" Indices                   2178

  Total:                              83875
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

Rolls:

Total: 54533 rolls (excluding film related to the national programs)

By Band:

  ---------------------------- ---------------- -------------------------
  BW:                          34542            63.34%

  CIR:                         7963             14.60%

  Color:                       12024            22.05%

  Unclassified                 4                0.007%
  ---------------------------- ---------------- -------------------------

By Program:

  -------------------------- ------------------ -------------------------
  ASCS                       23447              43.00%

  BIA                        199                0.36%

  BLM                        247                0.45%

  FS                         19675              36.08%

  FSA                        31                 0.06%

  GS                         8                  0.01%

  MIL                        28                 0.05%

  MILA1                      16                 0.03%

  MILA2                      51                 0.09%

  NA                         21                 0.04%

  NAPP1                      1937               3.55%

  NAPP2                      1846               3.39%

  NAPP3                      1832               3.36%

  NASA                       513                0.94%

  NFAP                       587                1.08%

  NHAP1                      1458               2.67%

  NHAP2                      239                0.44%

  NPS                        55                 0.10%

  NRCS                       211                0.39%

  OTHER                      56                 0.10%

  PSU                        15                 0.03%

  SCS                        2061               3.78%

                             54533              100%
  -------------------------- ------------------ -------------------------

By Type:

  ---------------------------- ----------------- -------------------------
  Negative:                    47531             87.2%

  Positive:                    6978              12.8%

  Internegative:               19                \<1%

  Half Tone:                   4                 \<1%
  ---------------------------- ----------------- -------------------------

By Year:

  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
  1947 -1952              \<1%                    Mostly ASCS

  1953-1971               48.8%                   ASCS, FS

  1972-1979               15.8%                   FS, ASCS

  1980-1986               11.5%                   FS, NHAP

  1987-1992               9.7%                    FS, NAPP1

  1993-1996               6.3%                    NAPP2, FS

  1997-2004               7.9%                    FS, NAPP3
  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

**ACRONYM GLOSSARY**

ASCS Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service

APFO Aerial Photography Field Office

BIA Bureau of Indian Affairs

BIRN Black and White Infrared Negative\
BIRP Black and White Infrared Positive

BLM Bureau of Land Management

BN Black and White Negative

BNDN Black and White Duplicated Negative

BNRD Black and White Rectified Negative\
BP Black and White Rectified Positive

BWHT Black and White Halftone

BWIN Black and White Internegative

CIND Color Infrared Negative Duplicated

CIPD Color Infrared Positive Duplicated

CIRN Color Infrared Negative

CCM Compressed County Mosaic

CD Compact Disc

CIR Color Infrared

CLU Common Land Unit

CN Color Negative\
CP Color Positive

DI Digital Index

DLT Digital Linear Tape

DOI Department of the Interior

DOQQ Digital Ortho Quarter Quad

DRG Digital raster Graphics

DVD The original acronym came from \"digital video disc." Some

Members of the DVD Forum tried to express that DVD goes far

beyond video by retrofitting the painfully contorted phrase \"digital

versatile disc,\" but this has never been officially accepted by the

DVD Forum as a whole. The DVD Forum decreed in 1999 that

DVD, as an international standard, is simply three letters.

ECW ERMapper Compress Wavelets. "The ECW compressed image format is the
popular standard for compressing and using very large images."

EDC EROS Data Center

EROS Earth Resources Observation Systems\
ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute

FS Forest Service

FSA Farm Service Agency

GDW Geospatial Data Warehouse

GeoTIFF A newly emerging interchange standard, which permits the
addition of Geographic information such as projections, datums, etc,
associated with remote sensing or cartographic raster data.

GIS Geographic Information System (or "Science")

> (due to the expansion of GIS and its capabilities, some academics
> would like to see the "S" refer to "Science".)

GPS Global Positioning System

GS (U.S.) Geographic Survey

ILHAP Illinois Historical Aerial Photograhy \[program\]

IMG

ISGS Illinois State Geologic Survey

JP3 JPEG 2000 compression format.

LI Line Index

MDOQ Mosaicked Digital Ortho Quad

MIL Military

MrSID Multiresolution Seamless Image Database. "A powerful wavelet-based
image encoder, optimizer, viewer and file format designed specifically
for GIS professionals for true portability of massive images."

NA Not Applicable

NAIP National Agricultural Imagery Program

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASS: National Agricultural Statistics Service

NAPP National Aerial Photography Program

NDOP National Digital Ortho Program

NFAP National Forest Application Program

NHAP National High Altitude Progam

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NPS National Park Service

NRCS Natural Resources and Conservation Service

PI Photo Index

PSU Primary Sample Unit; a plot of ground studied under the National

Research Inventory.

SCS Soil Conservation Service\
S&T Scientific and Technical

SI Spot Index

TIFF Tagged Image File Format; a format for raster data interchange.
Copyright held by Adobe Systems, Inc.

USDA United States Department of Agriculture\
USGS United States Geological Survery

**Chapter 1: Photo Programs Through the Years**

**Why do we have such an extensive collection of imagery at the Aerial
Photography Field Ofiice?**

The use of aerial photography in agricultural programs dates from 1935.
After the twin devastations of the Depression and the Dust Bowl,
programs were set up to assist farmers. These included the Federal
[Crop](http://www.rma.usda.gov/aboutrma/history.html) Insurance
Corporation or the Soil Bank Program of 1956, which became the
[Conservation Reserve
Program](http://www.fsa.usda.gov/dafp/cepd/12crplogo/history.htm). Over
the years, agricultural services have expanded, and aerial photography
has been used to assist county offices in administering the programs.

[FSA's website](http://fsagis.usda.gov/) describes its current role as
follows:

> The Farm Service Agency (FSA) supports American farmers through
> commodity programs, farmer operating and emergency loans,
> conservation, domestic and overseas food assistance and disaster
> programs that improve the economic stability of agriculture and the
> environment. These programs help farmers produce an adequate food
> supply, assist farmers to compete for export sales of commodities in
> the world marketplace, and keep consumer prices reasonable while
> caring for the environment and natural resources.

The aerial photography products, analog and digital, which have passed
through APFO have played a crucial role in supporting the agency's
mission.

APFO's role in administering farm programs was the creation of rectified
photo enlargements.
[Rectification](http://www.apfo.usda.gov/Order Information.html#anchornapp)
is a process which eliminates variation in photo scale and image
displacement from tip and tilt (Lillesand and Kiefer, 336). Several
scales and photo sizes were used over the years. For most program years,
county offices were supplied 24" x 24" photos at a scale of 1: 7920 (1"
= 660'). County officers drew field boundaries directly onto these photo
enlargements, along with identifying tract and field numbers, and basic
information such as crops or erodibility status. These boundaries, known
as [Common Land
Units](http://www.titangis.com/html/body_common_land_units.html) (CLUs),
remain the basic unit in farm program administration.

Over 40% of the holdings at APFO were acquired through the Agricultural
Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS), and date from 1947 --
1990. Nearly 65% of the imagery in APFO's collection dates from 1947
-1979, when ASCS was in operation. ASCS film is listed as "FSA" in the
online catalog.

Another large part of the collection, totaling 36%, is made up of Forest
Service (FS) imagery. APFO initially began contracting Forest Service
flying because some regions did not have the capability to acquire
imagery. In 1976, agency heads decided that it was seen as more cost
effective to have one central aerial photography office than to have
regional offices operating independently. Before 1976, there were two
ASCS labs: the one in Salt Lake City, UT and another identical office in
Asheville NC. The Asheville office was closed, and some of the employees
transferred to Salt Lake. All USDA projects larger than 100 square miles
were required to be contracted through APFO.

APFO acquired about 1% of its collection for the National Forestry
Application Program (NFAP), a USFS initiative. This was primarily high
altitude color photography. Some of this 1:40,000 film has been
orthorectified by the Forest Service Office in Salt Lake City.

In 1980, further consolidation efforts produced
[NHAP](http://edc.usgs.gov/guides/nhap.html), the National High Altitude
Program. For three years, under NHAP, the scale used was 1" = 1000' for
enlargements. The objective of this [USGS](../EDC%20Glossary.doc)
coordinated interagency program was to eliminate duplication in
government imagery acquisition. In 1987, the name was changed to the
National Aerial Photography Program
([NAPP](http://edc.usgs.gov/products/aerial/napp.html)). Beginning in
1985, duplicate copies of film were kept both at APFO and at the Earth
Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDC) in Sioux Falls,
S.D. About 13% of APFO's vault is made up of NHAP and NAPP photography.

NAPP was established to coordinate the collection of aerial photography
covering the 48 contiguous States and Hawaii every five years. NAPP\'s
goals are to ensure that photography with uniform scale, quality, and
cloud-free coverage be made available to meet the requirements of
several Federal and State agencies. The flying height for the program
changed from 40,000 feet to 20,000 feet. NAPP photography is available
in black and white, or color-infrared. The program is administered by
the U.S. Geological Survey\'s National Mapping Division. NAPP imagery is
used by the USGS for photo revision and land use/ land cover
characterization work on the standard series maps at 1:24,000; 1:100,000
and 1:250,000 scales (Source: [EDC Glossary](../EDC%20Glossary.doc))

The following Federal agencies have contributed funds to NHAP and NAPP:
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Services Agency (FSA),
formerly known as the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation
Service (ASCS), U.S. Forest Service (USFS), National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS), National Resources Conservation Service
([NRCS](http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/about/)), previously known as Soil
Conservation Service (SCS), and from the U.S. Department of Interior
(DOI): Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
The Tennessee Valley Authority also contributed to this project.

The FSA was set up during the USDA's 1994 reorganization, which
incorporated programs from several agencies. These included the ASCS,
the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (now a separate [Risk Management
Agency](http://www.act.fcic.usda.gov/)), and the Farmers Home
Administration.

FSA began moving towards a digital environment for farm programs in the
mid 1990s. The agency recently completed an enterprise purchase of
computers with Geographic Information System
([GIS](http://www.fsa.usda.gov/pas/publications/facts/html/gis03.htm)[)]{.underline}
software from Environmental Systems Research Institute
([ESRI](http://www.esri.com/) ).The county offices were to replace the
paper enlargements with digital imagery, and the hand drawn field
boundaries were replaced by GIS shape files for the CLUs. Some states
set up digitizing centers to transfer the CLUs from paper imagery to the
screen, using Mosaicked DOQs as a base layer (MDOQs). Other CLU
digitizing was contracted out.

A detailed explanation of the GIS program can be found in the USDA
Online Fact Sheet, located at:

<http://www.fsa.usda.gov/pas/publications/facts/html/gis03.htm>

MDOQs were an APFO product. USGS DOQQs (digital ortho quarter quads)
were seamed together and tonally matched to produce "seamless" images
covering the same area as a 7.5 ' USGS topographic map. These were used
to create compressed county mosaics covering an entire county. The DOQQs
were created from NAPP imagery, so APFO's collection includes digital
and film versions of the same scenes from the same flying years.

FSA programs require that compliance be done every year after the
growing season. One method checking compliance was the use of 35mm
slides, often contracted locally, or at a state level. The slides were
then projected onto the paper enlargements, and the farmers' compliance
with program terms analyzed. With the coming of GIS, the 35mm slide
program needed to be replaced by digital images. The MDOQ base layer,
which was often 5 - 10 years old, also needed to be updated.

The solution to these problems was the establishment of the National
Agricultural Imagery program
([NAIP](http://www.apfo.usda.gov/NAIP.html)[)]{.underline}. This is
Natural Color and Color Infrared imagery, to be flown at 2 meter
resolution for compliance purposes, and one meter resolution for base
layer imagery. The imagery is acquired with both digital and film
cameras. Film from NAIP imagery is also being archived at APFO.

**Sources:**

Lillesand,Thomas and Ralph Kiefer. *Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation*

J Wiley and Son, New York, 1994

SQL Queries: Kathleen Casterline

Verbal Communication: David Davis, Bruce Finch, Geoffrey Gabbott, Jimmie
Kniss, Bonnie Mullen, Peter Parrish

**Chapter 2: What does our Film Library Contain?**

The collection of aerial photography housed in the historical film
library at the Aerial Photography Field Office (APFO) is reputed to be
one of the largest in the country. Its initial purpose was to maintain a
photographic record of the nation's farmlands for use in administering
farm programs.

National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP) film has been removed from this
listing, since it was delivered primarily as a digital product, and
would not need to be scanned. However, NAIP projects flown with film
cameras do have the rolls archived at APFO. Technically, it is
"historical" imagery (or will be in a year or so!)

**Film Holdings**

**By Program**:

Excluding more recent film from the new NAIP program, the library
contains 54,533 rolls of film and 83,875 indexes (Some areas required
more than one index sheet to cover the area). A roll of film would
generally have an average of 160 -- 170 exposures per roll. A maximum
would be 280 exposures). The largest part of the collection, about 43%,
came from the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service
(ASCS), the precursor of Farm Service Agency (FSA). The second largest
program represented was the Forest Service and the Forest Service's
National Forest Application Program, with over 37% of the rolls. Over
13% of the film was flown through the national programs, National High
Altitude Photography (NHAP) and National Aerial Photography Program
(NAPP). The rest of the collection is made up of film flown for other
agencies, including nearly 4% for SCS, which is now the National
Resources and Conservation Service (NRCS).

For more detail, see [Appendix 1, Rolls by
Program](../Ap%201.%20Rolls%20by%20Program.doc).

**By Film Type**:

Over 63% of the film is Black and White; 22% is Natural Color, and the
rest (15%) is Color Infrared. 87.2% is photo negative and 12.8% is
positive. The film choice was usually determined by the agency
requesting the imagery. The national film programs have different
requirements from the Resource Photography Projects ; this would refer
to photography for other agencies such as Forest Service or BLM, which
is contracted through APFO.

**Largest Single Categories by Type and Program**

Type: Program \# of Roll % of Type % of Total Rolls

  --------------- ----------------- --------------- ----------------------
  **BN:ASCS**     23411             69.50           42.93

  **CN: FS**      11340             94.69           20.79

  **CIRP:NAPP**   229               53.82           6.75

  **BN:NAPP**     1876              5.57            3.44

  **BN: SCS**     1854              5.50            3.40
  --------------- ----------------- --------------- ----------------------

A detailed breakdown by film type can be found in [Appendix 2, Rolls by
Type](../Ap%202.%20Rolls%20by%20Type.doc).

**By Year**:

A rough breakdown of film holdings arranged chronologically is as
follows:

  --------------------- --------------------- ----------------------------
  1947 -- 1954          \<1%                  Mostly ASCS

  1955 -- 1971          48.8%                 ASCS, FS

  1972 -- 1979          15.8%                 FS, ASCS

  1980 -- 1986          11.5%                 FS, NHAP

  1987 -- 1992          9.7%                  FS, NAPP1

  1993 -- 1996          6.3%                  NAPP2, FS

  1997 -- 2004          7.9%                  FS, NAPP3
  --------------------- --------------------- ----------------------------

For more detail, see [Appendix 3, Vault Holdings by
Year](../Ap%203.%20Vault%20Holdings%20By%20Year.doc)

**Film Format**:

A query of film format lists 54738 rolls in Normal 9" x 9" flying
format. There were 102 rolls in a special 9" x 18" format. 552 rolls
were side edited.

**Duplicated Film**:

In 1980, the national film program (NHAP) began making a Black and White
internegative copy of the film. This was necessary because the enlargers
could not use the CIR film, and enlargements were needed in the county
offices.

In 1985, USDA began the system of making duplicate rolls of film, with a
copy stored both here at APFO and at the Earth Resources Observation
Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDC) in Sioux Falls, SD. Film for the
eastern part of the U.S. is stored here, and film for the western part
is stored in South Dakota. In the vault where the film library is
stored, original film is marked with a green dot, and duplicated film
with a red dot. The number of duplicated rolls at APFO is:

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  ASCS 2                              NASA 58

  BLM 1                               NHAP1 1446

  FS 13                               NHAP2 209

  NRCS 75                             NAPP1 2999

  SCS 75                              NAPP2 3350

                                      NAPP3 2271
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

Earlier years of photography in the National High Altitude Photography
(NHAP), have both original and duplicated rolls stored in APFO's film
library. Both rolls have the same number, but there are different spot
numbers: original film has odd numbers, and duplicated film has even
numbers. The red and green dot system is used here as well. "HAP" film
is not listed as such in the rolls table, but it appears on work orders.
The fact that naming conventions don't match in the myriad of Oracle
tables could prove confusing to people who don't know our cataloging
system and its history.

**Scale:**

Film in the vault is at a wide variety of scales. In actuality, each
exposure on a roll will have a different scale. The catalog on the web
site lists a nominal scale (what it was "supposed" to be) for different
photo programs. This was generally 1:40,000 for the NAPP program,
1:58,000 for the NHAP program, and 1:20,000 for many of the earlier ASCS
programs. The Rolls Table in the Oracle database lists the scale as
calculated by quality inspection, or by the rectification process.

After the AT rectification was completed, an average scale for the roll
was calculated from the ratio data entered into the Oracle database. The
scales as listed range from 1:35,120 to 1:47,972 for the NAPP program,
and 1:54,900 to 1:70,000 for the NHAP program. Film from the Forest
Service and other programs is also at a wide range of scales.

During the quality inspection process, the contact prints were taped to
a table and lined up with the correct overlap. The distance between the
center points of the first and last print were measured with a tape
measure, and the ground distance was calculated from known locations on
the topographic maps. These figures were used to calculate an
approximate scale for the roll, and these figures are listed on the
inspection reports still on file in QA.

**Film Quality**:

Film in the vault is judged to be well intact, and with a shelf life
that could exceed 100 years. Some of the older film may be more brittle.
Over the years, Kodak improved the film to make it more environmentally
friendly. Older film was silver nitrate, which is highly flammable. Film
from those years was sent to the National Archives; they duplicated the
rolls and destroyed the originals.

Handling the film could increase the risk of damage and lessen the
value. Archival storage of the film would not pose a risk to the film's
chemical properties.

Printing from the archived film can cause damage the rolls. Processing
the film through the enlargers can produce rips and scratches. Sometimes
original film needs to be recovered from EDC and re-duplicated at APFO.

**Film Value**:

The cost of unexposed and unprocessed film ranges between \$350 and
\$700 per roll. The imagery on the film is, of course, priceless.

**Catalog Listing Issues**:

The vault also contains some oblique angle photography, which is not
listed in the catalog. It is often given a nominal scale of "0". The
Forest Service film is listed separately by Forest Region, and is not
geo-referenced, or listed by location.

Another example of geographical confusion is the Dinosaur National
Monument; it lies mostly in Colorado, but the headquarters and the
Visitors Center are in Utah. (It is listed under Moffat County,
Colorado.)

There are a number of instances of cross referencing, and situations
where the two agencies used each other's film. One example is Klamath
County, Oregon. "Forest Service" is listed in the title block, but it
was also used by ASCS.(The film is listed through the Forest Service).

Many rolls of film and indexes are listed in the catalog as "FSA," even
though they were probably flown as part of the ASCS, or other USDA,
programs. This might prove confusing to people interested in accurate
historical research.

The first national program was the National High Altitude Photography
(NHAP) program, and was flown at a 1:58,000 scale. The film is listed as
NHAP on the film cans, but as "HAP" on the film itself, and in some
catalog listings. Inconsistencies in naming (another example is listing
ASCS film as "FSA") can prove extremely confusing who might need
historical accuracy when researching film and using it for historical
assessments.

**Indexes**

A breakdown of the indexes is:

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Photo Indexes     (PI)              65672             78.3%

  Spot Indexes      (SI)              5027              6.0 %

  Line Indexes      \(LI\)            10998             13.1%

  "Digital" Indexes \(DI\)            2178              2.6%
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

A more detailed listing is in [Appendix 4, Indexes by
Type](../Ap%204.%20%20Indexes%20by%20Type.doc).

Photo indexes were used until mid-1980s (start of the NHAP program).
Many of these are in extremely fragile condition. In the catalog, over
120 are listed as being in very poor condition. These are generally from
the mid-1950s.

Until the 50s or 60s, negatives often were not washed off well during
the developing process. The surfaces of some indexes from that period
look like broken glass, and might disintegrate on impact. It is
questionable if they could withstand even one scan. Line indexes were
also used from the 1950s through to the present.

The first spot index is listed in 1976. These display the center points
of the imagery. They are stored on mylar, with paper or ozalid copies.
Some of these are noted in the catalog as being in paper format only.

A "Digital" index is a bit of a misnomer; these were created by the
photogrammetry section for projects from the late 1980s through the end
of the NAPP program. They were created using AutoCAD, but the final
output was a paper copy. The CAD files were backed up on 35mm tape,
which are stored in an undisclosed location. They are not available in
digital format.

A chronological breakdown:

  ------------------------ ------------- --------------------------------
  **1950-1971**            **48993**     

  LI                       3661          FS

  PI                       45259         

  SI                       73            62: FS

                                         

  **1972-1979**            **17899**     

  LI                       2521          

  PI                       15367         

  SI                       11            

                                         

  **1980-1986**            **8348**      

  LI                       1341          

  PI                       5040          ended 1984

  SI                       1967          

                                         

  **1987-1992**            **5499**      

  DI                       429           

  LI                       2345          

  PI                       5             

  SI                       2720          

                                         

  **1993-1996**            **2330**      

  DI                       1538          

  PI                       1             

  LI                       557           

  SI                       234           

                                         

  **1997-2004**            **806**       

  DI                       211           

  LI                       573           

  SI                       22            
  ------------------------ ------------- --------------------------------

More detail is in [Appendix 5, Indexes by
Year](../Ap%205.%20Indexes%20by%20Year.doc).

In 2002, contractors were required to provide (electronic) center point
data with the film. In 2004, the mylar indices were discontinued, and
only electronic indexes were required.

Film for which center point data is available could have indexes made
through Arc GIS, or some other program. Because the center points for
imagery in these programs are stored in the Oracle database, it would be
very easy to use this data to create shapefiles (or some other format)
with index information. An example of this, with center points displayed
over a DRG file, was made by David Davis.

Sources: David Davis, Jim Kniss, Robert Lear, Pete Parrish;

Kathy Casterline, SQL queries

![](media/image1.jpeg){width="6.45625in" height="8.375in"}

The EROS Data Center has created a records appraisal tool for use in
evaluating items to be archived. Bob Lear has answered the questions
relating to photography, as they relate to our collection. The records
tool is located at:

<http://edc2.usgs.gov/government/RAT/tool.asp>

*Are the records paper photographs*?

All 9.5" x 9.5"records are on film.

Most of the line and photo indices are film. A few of these records are
paper.

*Are the frames on a polyester base? If not, what is the base?*

The newer films are on an ESTAR Base with a gel backing. The absence of
solvent in ESTAR base is one of the reasons films show excellent
dimensional stability. In photography, dimensional stability applies to
size changes caused by changes in humidity and in temperature, and by
processing and aging.

*What generation are the photographs? \[term changed to "films" in
answering the question\]*

The photo indices are third generation

9.5" x 9.5" films are first generation

Microfilm is fourth generation.

Aperture cards are fifth generation.

*Rate the overall quality of the photographs \[film\] based upon proper
exposure, color, balance, and sharpness*.

The film is rated from good to excellent if these factors \[above\] have
been controlled.

*Do the frames contain clouds or haze?*

Most of our film does not contain clouds. Less than 1% has a cloud
cover. Haze exists in every aerial image. Variables such as filtration,
visibility, and altitude have an impact on the lighting ratio when
photographing from an aircraft. Aerial films have extended red
sensitivity that helps to deal with haze.

*Are the frames in roll format or single cut format?*

99% of the images are on a roll; however, a few special projects are in
a cut format.

*Are the frames free from gross scratches, tears, pinholes, or dirt?*

No, they are not free of imperfections.

*Are the photographic rolls stored on reels securely enclosed in
non-metal containers?*

All rolls of film are on metal reels and are stored in either a plastic
or metal container.

NOTE: Processed film is stored in a dark, dust free area at 50 to 70
degrees F, and 30 to 50 precent relative humidity. High relative
humidity promotes the growth of mold and causes ferrotyping. Very low
humidity causes excessive curl and brittleness.

*Is the film type, camera type, camera focal length, lens number, date
taken, flying height, and area of coverage available electronically*?

Don't know.

*Is the manufacturer number of the film available?*

Yes, in the film reports.

*Is the film titled with roll and frame reference numbers?*

Yes.

**Chapter 3: Uses for Historical Aerial Imagery**

The uses of historical aerial imagery are many and varied. A quick
search on the Internet, in GIS periodicals, or textbooks can result in
hundreds of ideas for their use. In many cases, such as new road maps,
the newest imagery possible would be needed. But in many other cases,
historical imagery, or imagery over a range of years would be of more
use.

A professor of Architecture and Urbanism at Yale University worked with
an aerial photographer for her class. *Aerial Photography in Community
Debates on Land Use* emphasizes visualization of the spatial landscape.
In the section *Aerial Photography and Visualization*, they discuss
bringing spatial issues to the general public through the medium of
readily available aerial shots. (Dolores Hayden and Alex Mac Lean, site
listed below)

<http://classes.yale.edu/00-01/amst401a/guilford/essay.html>

APFO's historical aerial photography collection can be of value to the
federal agencies that flew the imagery or partnered in its acquisition;
to state agencies, to universities, to private consultants, and to the
general public. Making it easily available to the public would
facilitate its use.

Going one step beyond the world of aerial imagery, dreamers in GIS
development hope to some day have the "Z" factor (elevation) as an
integral third dimension in a working GIS system. This can be used with
existing technology to create 3-D visualizations. Time, or the
historical factor, would be a fourth dimension in spatial analysis and
modeling.

Because APFO's collection is an extensive historical record, it would,
almost by definition, be in need of preservation. But there are many
varied applications of the historical data for many different users.
Because life is not static, but part of a continuum, looking at
historical records is an essential part of decision making in the
present.

APFO's film vault exists because aerial photography has been used for
over half a century in the service of USDA farm programs. **Agricultural
uses** would be the logical place to start in detailing uses of
historical imagery

-   *CLU/Farm Program History*

Digital imagery is being used by the FSA in the USDA Service Centers to
administer farm programs. While the emphasis will always be on existing
conditions, it may be necessary at times to check old records. Older
imagery could help in locating older field boundaries. Someday they may
even want to digitize historical CLUs! Historical imagery would also be
useful in assessing former crop types.

-   *Crop Conditions*

Aerial photography can be very useful in judging plant health. CIR
imagery can be used in stress detection. This is, of course, something
that only works if done repeatedly within a growing season, rather than
after the fact. But a snapshot from a given point in the past might
provide a baseline of "normal" conditions, or be used to verify a past
problem.

-   *Locating Abandoned Farmland*

In the eastern part of the country, farm land left fallow will quickly
become populated with other species, and eventually revert to woodlands.
Older imagery could be used to identify areas which had once been
farmed, and might be again. Hampshire County, England used historical
aerial photography to justify a plan for replacing wooded areas with
farmland.
[http://www.historicairphotos.com](http://www.historicairphotos.com/)

-   *Locating Illicit Crops*

In the Smoky Mountains of Tennessee/North Carolina, rumor has it that
the former moonshine stills deep in the mountains have been converted to
marijuana patches. Aerial photography, especially CIR, could help spot
this type of activity.

-   *Soil Mapping*

Soil mapping is the province of NRCS, and is one of the GIS data layers
used in the Service Centers. Many paper soil maps are superimposed on
aerial photographs. Everyday use would dictate a need for the most
recent imagery, but creating or verifying a digital version might
benefit from historical imagery. The older imagery could be superimposed
on the newer and compared with the soil map lines.

-   *Use by Farmers*

Some farmers now use GIS with Global Positioning Systems (GPS) on their
tractors to precisely plan their planting. This is, again, an
application that needs new imagery, and at a larger scale than APFO
offers. But the historical imagery might be useful to them for their own
records and planning, especially if they rotate crops.

**\
Landform change,** or other changes in the natural environment, would be
another area of study. Some of these might impact human activity, while
others are in more remote locations. Some of these are caused by human
activity. This application might also interact with studies of land use
change.

-   *Fluvial Landforms*

Thomas Lillesand and Ralph Kiefer, in *Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation,* list a number of uses for aerial photography, many of
which would benefit from a historical approach. Landforms created by
flowing water include alluvial fans, floodplains, and deltas. Some
applications of studying these landforms might be:

1.  Analyzing locations of and change in alluvial fans before planning
    development. Shifting alluvial fans have destroyed parts of the
    Alaska Highway, and have damaged subdivisions in California and
    Colorado. (Lillesand and Kiefer, 280).

2.  Floodplain analysis also needs to be done before development takes
    place. This is an area that should be very important to farmers, who
    may wish to plant on low lying areas. A good example was seen in
    creating the MDOQs; in one area of Oklahoma, a river had changed
    course dramatically between the date of one DOQQ's acquisition and
    that of the one adjacent to it. The two images would not "line up"
    because the new riverbed had moved too far from the old one. (This
    also points out a need to have accurate imagery from the same time
    period/acquisition project)

3.  Deltas and sediment deposition can also be looked at on a temporal
    scale. The Mississippi Delta is especially critical because the
    sedimentation level is dropping, and the delta eroding. This poses a
    particular hazard for New Orleans. The same problem is occurring in
    the nearby Atchafalaya delta.

4.  Reservoir sedimentation is technically not a "fluvial landform"
    issue, but is included here because the sedimentation is a natural
    process. Sedimentation is, to varying degrees, a problem behind many
    human made dams. In the Ocoee River of Tennessee, down stream from
    the Copper Basin described in the next section, sedimentation is a
    severe problem, especially in Dam #3. Sedimentation in the dams was
    the motivating factor behind TVA's initial revegetation project. In
    Tennessee the sedimentation impacts electricity generation, but in
    arid parts of the country it might impact water used for irrigation.

5.  Changes in drainage patterns would have obvious consequences for
    humans, for agriculture, and for natural resources management. This
    is something that can traced on historical imagery. An NRCS officer
    in Oregon recently contacted APFO requesting historical imagery for
    a geomorphological study on stream networks.

-   *Landslide Studies*

*Time for Change: Quantifying Landslide Evolution Using Historical
Aerial Photographs and Modern Photogrammetric Methods,* by Walstra,
Chandler, Dixon, and Dijkstra, documents their studies in assessing past
landslide activity. The goal is to predict future climate (i.e., from
global warming) induced landslide activity in the U.K. with the aid of
historical imagery.

<http://www.isprs.org/istanbul2004/comm4/papers/395.pdf>

-   Aeolian (wind created) landforms and Glacial landforms, also
    mentioned in Lillesand and Kiefer, would probably not be areas of
    historical study in the U.S.

**Environmental Enforcement** uses aerial imagery in investigations

-   *Environmental Protection Agency National Enforcement Investigations
    Center*

Carrie Middleton, in the website cited below, describes the use of
aerial imagery in the course of an investigation -- for targeting and
prioritization, change detection, "virtual field reconnaissance",
evaluation, and in court. Historical imagery could play a role in
investigations involving past conditions or abuses.

<http://www.isprs.org/commission1/proceedings/paper/00045.pdf>.

**Water Resources** is an area that could benefit greatly from
historical imagery.

-   *Point Source Pollution*

Areas of point source pollution can be spotted on aerial photography by
dispersed plumes of lighter color spreading out into the water. This
analysis would need to be backed up by water samples. (Lillesand and
Kiefer, 207)

-   *Nonpoint Source Pollution*

Measurements of impervious surfaces could be used to help analyze the
amount or runoff from potentially toxic surfaces such as parking lots,
waste dumps, or fields covered with pesticides.

-   *Oil Slicks*

Oil deposits on water also have a distinctive signature. They are best
seen with natural color photography.

-   *Lake Eutrophication*

Eutrophication occurs when lakes are choked with weeds or algal blooms.
These can be studied with aerial photography, but might be better
addressed with smaller, low altitude, custom flying.

-   *Wetlands Mapping*

Wetlands have been recognized as extremely important features in
maintaining a healthy ecosystem. They are identified by hydrophytic
vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. (Lillesand and Kiefer,
219). A study in changing wetlands can be seen in APFO's own imagery of
the nearby Decker Lake, which once extended as far as our building. A
closer examination of the historical photography (as well as noticing
things like the cattails out back) could delineate the natural wetland
that still underlies this developed area.

**Land use change** is one of the most frequently cited applications of
historical analysis. This is a heading that could include environmental
protection and restoration activities. These are a few of many possible
examples:

-   *Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project (CERP)*

USGS is assisting in this large cooperative effort by providing
orthorectified historical aerial photography to aid in "resource
planning and scientific inquiry." Their goals for 2004 included the
creation of a mosaicked dataset from 1940. CERP is a program to restore
the fragile Everglades ecosystem and protect water resources in central
and south Florida. It includes over 60 major components, and has a
number of partners. Project leaders for the aerial imagery component are
Tom Smith, Ann Foster, and John Jones.

<http://sofia.er.usgs.gov/projects/digarchive_aerial/>

-   *Coastal Erosion Studies*

Kenneth Connell and Gary Zarillo describe the use of a historical
photoset to analyze change in inlets and shoals on Long Island. This
analysis, done with an ArcView extension, provides a quick method for
assisting in maintenance of tidal inlets and channels. These are
necessary for navigation -- commercial, defensive, and recreational --
as well as shoreline and habitat preservation.

<http://cirp.wes.army.mil/cirp/cetns/InletGiS_CHETN-draft.pdf>.

The Aero Data Corporation in Louisiana used historical imagery to study
coastal erosion along the Gulf Coast. It has also done environmental
analysis with historical imagery, locating old waste pits, chemical
spills, and problematic oil fields.

<http://www.kodak.com/eknec/PageQuerier.jhtml?pq-path=2608/2609/4123/6310&pq-locale=en_US>

-   *Revegetation Studies; Restoration of a Damaged Landscape*

The Copper Basin in southeastern Tennessee was stripped of all
vegetation before 1900 as a result of copper smelting and sulfur dioxide
pollution, as well as open range grazing. The Tennessee Valley Authority
began attempts to replant trees in the 1940s, but the core area, eroded
to bedrock, resisted improvement. Later attempts also proved futile
until the 1990s, when some newer techniques succeeded in re-establishing
a tree cover. Historical aerial photographs were used to analyze
patterns of re-growth, and to plan tests of runoff, sedimentation, and
organic carbon in the soil. (L. Mathews, 1995 M.S. thesis)

-   *Identifying Abandoned Waste Disposal Sites*

Cornell University's Institute for Resource Information Systems used its
historical photo collection to locate residences in Suffolk County NY
(Long Island) that were on or near abandoned waste disposal sites.
Photos from 1947, 1962, and 1972 were used to identify old mines in the
area that had been converted into dumps before they were paved over.
Cornell is also studying submerged aquatic vegetation in the Hudson
River. (Article by Roger Segelken)

<http://www.news.cornell.edu/Chronicle/03/12.11.03/IRIS_photos.html>

Geoffrey Carton and Steve Baker describe a client who was able to use
aerial photography to locate old disposal sites -- including a few that
were not documented. Previous geophysical investigations had been unable
to locate the sites. The authors also give instruction in what to look
for on aerial photographs, and make a plug for hiring a skilled photo
interpreter.

<http://www.pollutionengineering.com/CDA/ArticleInformation/features/BNP__Features__Item/0,6649,110584,00.html>

-   *Human History*

The most obvious land use change comes from human impact on the
landscape. The Yale example cited above takes the visitor through of
quick tour of Guilford, Connecticut. Dealing with urban sprawl is one
possible application of historical photography. High altitude
photography might not be as accessible for community planning activities
as lower altitude or oblique shots, but it could still make a
contribution. Demographics could also benefit from seeing the spatial
layout of homes, businesses, and transportation arteries as they change
over time. This is an application that would be relevant to USDA's Rural
Development agency.

-   *Population Estimates and Housing Quality Studies*

Estimates of population can be made from aerial photography by
establishing an average family size per housing unit, counting houses,
and calculating a population. Housing quality estimates are made based
on such factors as house and lot size, presence of driveways and
garages, street conditions, location, and yard size and condition. Color
infrared is well suited for judging vegetation condition. (Lillesand and
Kiefer, 215)

-   *Traffic and Congestion*

Vehicle spacings and distribution could be used to assess changes in
congestion in urban areas. Lower altitude photography would be better,
and the researcher would need to be careful of the time of day and day
of the week when the photography was flown. (Lillesand and Kiefer, 215)

**Wildlife or Forest Census Taking**

-   *Wildlife Census*

Although somewhat problematic, aerial imagery has been used in wildlife
censuses by using a grid, estimating the number of individuals in a
grid, and multiplying by the number of occupied grids (similar to human
population estimates). Computer programs could do some of the counting,
but the human eye would be needed for decision making. Lillesand and
Kiefer show examples of imagery used to count prairie dog colonies and
beluga whales (pp 227, 228)

-   *Forestry Census*

Trees can be counted using the same methodology. This is used for
different species of trees; an example was a count of deciduous and
evergreen trees in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

**Archeaological Use**

-   Lillesand and Kiefer show some fascinating aerial photographs
    showing the outlines of Nazca lines in Peru, the ancient city of
    Spina, Italy, and a Roman villa in northern France. Older imagery,
    with less human development, might display these features more
    clearly. This could be useful in locating native American sites in
    the U.S.

**Site Selection**

-   GIS is at its best when different layers of data can be overlaid for
    decision making purposes. Good examples of overlay analysis are
    determining locations for things no one wants around, like garbage
    dumps: they need to be away from water sources, habitations, roads,
    etc. Creating a series of buffers around features and establishing
    other spatial rules can be used to eliminate areas from
    consideration. Historical photography might generally be irrelevant
    here, except in cases where a historical site or area would need to
    be isolated from the proposal area.

**Land Use Mapping**

-   The USGS has a classification system of *Land Use/Land Cover for Use
    with Remote Sensing Data* (Lillesand and Kiefer, 172). Someone
    wanting to create a temporal series of classification maps for a GIS
    application or display would need to refer to historical imagery in
    digitizing the areas. Aerial imagery would be crucial in creating
    vector data for GIS overlays. Historical imagery would play a role
    in any type of vector data creation for a past year.

**Industrial Use**

-   Wayne Grip, of the Aero Data Company in Louisiana, reports that oil
    companies will request historical imagery before buying an oil
    field. They are interested in locating old well heads, tank farms,
    brine or reserve pits, and possible environmental problems. This
    would probably be the case with other extractive industries, as
    well.

**Unusual Applications**

-   *History*

The Stennis Space Center is collaborating in a project to use space
imagery in locating some of the Lewis and Clark expedition's campsites.

[*http://www.geospatial-online.com/geospatialsolutions/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=68392&sk=&date=&&pageID=1*](http://www.geospatial-online.com/geospatialsolutions/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=68392&sk=&date=&&pageID=1)

-   *Humanitarian Service*

A team at James Madison University in Virginia, led by Sam Samuel of
Star Mountain, Inc, has used aerial photography to aid in locating
landmines on old battlefields in Cambodia and Bosnia. Fortunately this
is not an application relevant to the U.S. or our photography, but the
lessons they learn might someday have a use for some application closer
to home.

*<http://maic.jmu.edu/journal/2.1/gustafson.htm>*

**The General Public**

It is difficult to put the many uses of imagery into discrete
categories, since so much in life and the environment are
interconnected. Many of the applications described above could also be
important to **non-technical users**. This is the audience the Yale
class is trying to reach. Of specific interest to the general public
might be:

-   *Community Planning and Information*

In Guilford, Connecticut, a visual essay on the town's developmental
history is presented, along with the basic arguments for the town's
future. (Hayden and MacLean, *op cit*.) The authors feel that aerial
photography could be widely used in community decisions by posting it on
websites. They actually advocate oblique angle photography as being more
"user friendly" for non-technical users. But vertical historical imagery
is obviously necessary for the more distant past. Advances in GIS
display technology might also make 3-D visualization from historical
imagery a possibility online.

-   *Educational Use*

School teachers could use historical imagery to teach a wide variety of
lessons, including land use change in their own neighborhood. ESRI often
provides software and other GIS tools to help schools that incorporate
GIS into the lesson plans. University students, even in fields other
than geography, might find uses for historical imagery in their own
disciplines.

-   *Personal Historical Records*

Individuals may want to have a record of their hometown, old family
farm, or other important area "as it was" in their childhood or before
development moved in. This could be useful for genealogists looking for
older locations. For example, one may find that a birthplace exists now
just as an intersection on an old topographic map. Looking at historical
imagery might allow a researcher to visualize how the place looked in
earlier times, and then relate the location to present land use.

-   *Real Estate Issues*

Studying old aerial photography might help a homeowner to realize the
nature of the property before it was developed. They may find that it
used to be a wetland or lies in the center of a drainage basin. An
article by Terry Slonecker, Mary Lacerte, and Donald Garofalo, *The
Value of Historical Imagery* (website listed below), discusses the value
of aerial imagery in hazardous waste site analysis. They give a scenario
of a neighborhood sickened by contaminated water. Checking previous land
use might become an important step before buying a home.

**<http://www.eomonline.com/Common/Archives/1999julaug/99julaug_airborne.html>**

-   *Outdoor Activities*

Aerial photography can be useful for hunters, hikers, or anyone
venturing into more remote terrain. This is an area where recent paper
photographs might be more useful, but many prints could be made from a
digital image. Outdoor enthusiasts might also have some reasons for
wanting older imagery of their favorite areas (such as locating an old
camping spot).

-   *Personal Enjoyment*

This can cover a multitude of uses!

This is only the beginning. As aerial photography becomes more
accessible, and computer use more ubiquitous, the uses will certainly
multiply.

**Chapter 4: Who Uses Our Imagery?**

APFO's historical film library exists primarily because of the need to
serve FSA farm programs. This is reflected in the composition of the
holdings. 43% of the rolls are Black and White ASCS film. Another 13%
are from the national programs, NHAP and NAPP, in which FSA partnered.
This imagery was also used in administering programs.

The second largest part of our collection is Forest Service film. This
is consistent with APFO's role as the contractor for Forest Service
imagery. Although the Forest Service is also moving to the use of
digital imagery, "Contracting Obligations" remains a large part of our
work orders.

Analyzing customer needs and future purchases is probably the most
inexact part of a study such as this. Without a crystal ball, it is
difficult to predict what will be needed in the future. But in looking
at the reports, two initial patterns emerged. These can be seen in
Appendix 7, *Work Orders by Year, 1954-2004.* In this summary the
customers are divided into four groups: APFO, Other Federal Agencies,
the Non-Federal Public, and State Governments. "State" can also include
state-run universities.

In looking at this chart, it is obvious that the bulk of the work orders
submitted in the time frame of January 2002 through December 2004 came
from the years 2001 -- 2004. Nearly 70% of work orders for these three
years came from imagery flown during these three year. This would be
expected, because it reflects the expected work flow of this office as
we performed the tasks assigned to us. During these three years, the
largest number of work orders [and]{.underline} total units ordered were
from APFO internal operations. A large part of the orders also came from
other Federal agencies, especially the Forest Service. Again, this would
be expected, since APFO contracts flying for the Forest Service. This
effort is also reflected in the category "APFO Contracting Obligations,"
which I included with APFO internal orders.

Appendix 8, *Work Orders by Customer*, gives a listing of the number of
Work Orders submitted and Units requested by all APFO's customers. A
summation of this chart is shown below.

  ------------------------------- --------- ----------- --------- -----------
  **Summary:**                    **\#      **% WOs**   **\#      **% Units**
                                  WOs**                 Units**   

  APFO                            1,016     6.13        38,2526   **46.53**

  Federal                         3,492     21.06       309,524   37.65

  Public                          10,928    **65.90**   77,053    9.37

  States                          1,147     6.92        52,916    6.441

                                                                  

  Total                           16,583    100         822,019   100
  ------------------------------- --------- ----------- --------- -----------

A listing of the main customers for this entire time period is shown
below.

  ------------------------------------------------- ---------------------
  **Main Customers**                                

  **by Work Order**                                 

  Public Non-Federal                                **65.90**

  FSA                                               8.08

  NASS                                              3.25

  Forest Service                                    3.01

  APFO Director                                     2.73

  NRCS                                              2.07

  EPA                                               1.34

  BLM                                               1.28

  APFO GSB                                          1.06

                                                    

  **Main Customers**                                

  **by Units**                                      

                                                    

  APFO Contract Oblig.                              **37.37**

  Forest Service                                    **24.65**

  Public Non-Federal                                9.37

  APFO Director                                     6.61

  NRCS                                              4.02

  BLM                                               2.89

  FSA                                               1.79

  NASS                                              1.17

  APFO GSB                                          1.13
  ------------------------------------------------- ---------------------

(Notice that the Forest Service and APFO Contracting Obligations
together comprise 62% of all units produced.)

A quick look at the chart above verifies the first obvious point: Most
of the units produced within the last three years were for APFO's
contractual obligations from those years. The second finding was perhaps
less expected. The total number of work orders submitted came
overwhelmingly from the general public. The number of actual units
requested from the general public was not as high as the work order
requests. Again, this would be expected: individual customers,
especially non-commercial ones, would not have a need for large
quantities of imagery.

1992 -- 1993 was chosen as a break point in looking at work order
patterns. This was done because 1993 was the first year for which the
number of units requested was greater than 1% of the total. A breakdown
of customer requests from 1993 to the present can be seen in Appendix 9,
*Work Orders by Customer*

*1993 - Present*. A summation of this chart is shown below:

  -------------------------- -------------- ----------- --------- -----------
  **Summation**                                                   

  **Customer**               **\# Work      **% WO**    **\#      **% Units**
                             Orders**                   Units**   

  APFO                       902            11.10       377,570   **52.45**

  Other Federal              1,909          23.49       274,045   **38.07**

  Public Non-Federal         4,995          **61.47**   37,081    5.15

  States                     320            3.94        31,148    4.33

                                                                  

  Total                      8,126          100         719,844   100
  -------------------------- -------------- ----------- --------- -----------

Here the two points are well illustrated. Most of the work orders came
from the general public, but most of the units ordered were for APFO
internal requests, or from other agencies. Those two combined totaled
around 90% of all units requested. The largest customers from these
years are shown below:

  ---------------------------- ------------ -------------- ---- ----------
  **Main Customers**                                            

  **By Work Orders**           **\# of      **% of              
                               Orders**     Orders**            

                                                                

  Public Non-Federal           4,995        **61.47**           

  FSA                          634          7.8                 

  NASS                         452          5.56                

  APFO Director                406          5                   

  Forest Service               372          4.58                

  BLM                          168          2.07                

  APFO GSB                     149          1.83                

  APFO Contr. Oblig            148          1.82                

  NRCS                         132          1.62                

  APFO SC Support              90           1.12                

                                                                

                                                                

  **Main Customers**                                            

  **by Units**                 **\# of      **% Units**         
                               Units**                          

                                                                

  APFO Contr. Oblig            307197       **42.68**           69.99

  Forest Service               196598       **27.31**           For both

  APFO Director                53725        7.46                

  Public                       37081        5.15                

  BLM                          23364        3.25                

  NRCS                         15634        2.17                

  USGS                         11303        1.57                

  FSA                          11242        1.56                

  NASS                         9262         1.29                
  ---------------------------- ------------ -------------- ---- ----------

Once again, we see that APFO Contracting and the Forest Service combined
resulted in nearly 70% of all units requested. The percent of work
orders requested by these two customers, at 6.4%, didn't come close to
the percentage of units. With the general public, the pattern is the
opposite; they accounted for over 61% of total work orders, but only
about 5% of the total units produced.

The chart of work orders for imagery which was flown from 1954 through
1992 shows a very different picture. This is shown in Appendix 10, *Work
Orders from 1954 -- 1992.* A summation of this chart is shown below:

  ------------------------------ ---------- ----------- ---------- -----------
  **Summation**                  **\# Work  **% WO**    **\#       **% Units**
                                 Orders**               Units**    

  APFO                           114        1.35        4956       4.85

  Federal                        1583       18.72       35479      **34.72**

  Public Non-Federal             5933       **70.15**   39972      **39.12**

  States                         827        9.78        21768      21.31

                                                                   

  Total                          8457       100.00      102175     100
  ------------------------------ ---------- ----------- ---------- -----------

Here the percent of work orders from the general public is even higher,
at over 70%. The public also leads in the number of units requested. The
percentage of units requested by state governments is also much higher
than in the previous charts. The largest customers from these years are
listed below:

  ------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------
  **Largest Customers**                                    

  **by Work Orders**                         **\# of       **% of
                                             Orders**      Orders**

                                                           

  Public                                     5933          **70.15**

  FSA                                        706           8.35

  NRCS                                       211           2.49

  EPA                                        197           2.33

  Forest Service                             127           1.5

  New Jersey                                 124           1.47

  NASS                                       88            1.04

                                                           

                                                           

  **Largest Customers**                                    

  **by Units**                               \# of Units   \% of Units

                                                           

  Public Non-Federal                         39972         **39.12**

  NRCS                                       17446         17.07

  Forest Service                             6006          5.88

  FSA                                        3439          3.37

  Iowa                                       3302          3.23

  APFO GSB                                   3041          2.98

  BIA                                        2674          2.62

  Utah                                       2623          2.57

  EPA                                        1659          1.62

  Florida                                    1653          1.61

  California                                 1549          1.51

  U.S. Army                                  1507          1.47

  New Jersey                                 1494          1.46

  Illinois                                   1494          1.46

  Arizona                                    1108          1.08

  Montana                                    1052          1.03
  ------------------------------------------ ------------- --------------

Several individual states also feature in the standings here. These
orders are, of course, much smaller than the "industrial strength"
orders placed for the purpose of running federal programs. But they can
give some idea of areas of interest.

A next question might be whether digital products might be in demand by
the general public. A look at requests for digital imagery from the NAIP
or NDOP programs is not encouraging. Requests for imagery from the
public -- and from the states -- is minimal, and most of the work orders
were from APFO and other federal users. Perhaps with more time, and GDW
availability, the word will get out, and the public will want to use the
imagery. Perhaps bundling demo imagery on CDs along with viewing
software could expand public interest in digital imagery. Work orders
for digital imagery is shown in Appendix 11, *Digital*

*Imagery Orders:*

As of Spring 2005, the public's interest in ordering CLUs and NAIP
imagery is rising. We hope to receive more orders for this imagery from
the public.

  ----------------------- ------------- -------------- ---------- ---------
  **Summation**           **\# Work     **% Work       **\#       **%
                          Orders**      Orders**       Units**    Units**

  APFO                    3692          47.85          102594     63.35

  Other Federal           3500          45.37          52917      32.67

  Public Non-Federal      363           4.71           3041       1.88

  States                  160           2.07           3403       2.01
  ----------------------- ------------- -------------- ---------- ---------

Main customers for digital imagery are listed below As expected, APFO
internal orders and FSA were the bulk of requests:

  --------------------------------------- --------------- ---------------
  **Largest Customers by Work Order**     **Work Orders** **% Work
                                                          Orders**

                                                          

  FSA                                     3452            44.74

  APFO Partnership                        1969            25.52

  APFO GSB                                1596            20.69

  Public                                  363             4.71

  Kansas                                  108             1.4

                                                          

  **Largest Customers by Units**          **\# of Units** **% of Units**

                                                          

  APFO Partnership                        52652           32.5

  Farm Service Agency                     50549           31.21

  APFO GSB                                45623           28.17

  Public                                  3041            1.88

  APFO Director                           2671            1.65

  Fish and Wildlife                       1676            1.03
  --------------------------------------- --------------- ---------------

Appendix 12, *Digital Work Orders Without APFO and FSA,* is a listing of
digital imagery requests with APFO internal orders and FSA removed. This
shows a much more even distribution of requests.

  ------------------------------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  **Summation**                                                   

  Other Federal                   48        8.406305   2368       26.87245

  Public                          363       63.57268   3041       34.50976

  States                          160       28.02102   3403       38.61779

  **Total**                       **571**   **100**    **8812**   **100**
  ------------------------------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------

The main customers were:

  ------------------------------------------- ------------- -------------
  **Largest Customers**                       \# of Orders  \% of Orders

  **by Work Orders**                                        

                                                            

  Public Non-Federal                          363           63.57

  Kansas                                      108           18.91

  Bureau of Indian Affairs                    9             1.58

  Fish and Wildlife Service                   8             1.4

  Forest Service                              7             1.23

  Wisconsin                                   6             1.05

  National Park Service                       6             1.05

  Bureau of Land Management                   6             1.05

                                                            

                                                            

  **Largest Customers**                                     

  **by Units**                                \# of Units   \% of Units

                                                            

  Public Non-Federal                          3041          34.51

  Fish and Wildlife Service                   1676          19.02

  Minnesota                                   1034          11.73

  Vermont                                     805           9.14

  Utah                                        788           8.94

  Forest Service                              278           3.15

  Kansas                                      225           2.55

  Missouri                                    142           1.61

  Iowa                                        131           1.49

  National Park Service                       125           1.42

  Office of Surface Mining                    110           1.25

  Bureau of Indian Affairs                    108           1.23
  ------------------------------------------- ------------- -------------

I was also provided with some information from the misc and dmisc
listing, detailing scanning orders and other miscellaneous orders.
Investigating these would require more detailed searches into the menu
system.

At present, the photography branch at APFO is doing custom scans for
anyone who requests them. All requests are different, and the customer
does not have to pay any set-up fees. Media costs and shipping are also
included in the price of the scans.

The scanners at APFO have a 10,000 unit workload. They are able to do
2500 scans a month. It is estimated that scanning the film library using
our photogrammetric scanners would take over 50 years.

The largest number of scanning orders come from other government
agencies, such as the Forest Service and NRCS. Orders also come from
USGS, universities, state governments, consultants, and other
non-federal users. Other agricultural agencies are permitted to send
their film to be scanned at APFO.

Film scanned at APFO is not georeferenced (unless this is specifically
requested and approved). The old ASCS film in the vault does not have
any georeferencing information, and this would need to be obtained in
order to use the imagery in GIS. It also would be needed if some sort of
electronic indexing were to be developed.

Scans done for individual customers are not saved or archived. Because
they are at different resolutions, in different formats, and of
different sized areas, they would not fit into a standard archiving
system. A program to scan the imagery for archiving and distribution to
the public would need to be carefully planned, with standards set. There
would also be a need to create metadata. The actual scanning procedure
would have several steps: the scan itself, image enhancement (Photoshop
was recommended), and georeferencing.

Source: Robert Lear; SQL Query, Kathy Casterline, Linda McDonald

**Chapter 5: Assessing the Need to Archive**

Many different arguments could be put forward for or against preserving
the imagery. This chapter deals with both sides of the issue, as well as
some evaluation criteria.

**Arguments for Preservation**

**A. Risk of Damage**:

**Example 1.**

The Illinois Historical Aerial Photography project has a large
collection of paper photographs, which they are archiving to prevent
further damage. ILHAP's concern in digitizing is somewhat different from
ours; they have only paper photographs in their collection, while we
have the actual archived film

*From the Illinois Historical Aerial Photography project*:

> Unfortunately, the increased use of these aerial photographs has
> resulted in an undetermined number of prints becoming faded, worn,
> defaced, or lost. As a result, access to these unique print
> collections is becoming increasingly restricted. It is critical that
> the single best set of these prints be preserved in a permanent
> digital archive to ensure their availability for future users. The
> primary objectives of the Illinois Historical Aerial Photography
> project are to develop and provide Internet access to this digital
> archive.

The Illinois Historical Aerial Photography project is a part of the
Illinois State Geological Survey, which runs its own Natural Resources
Geospatial Data Clearinghouse. The primary goal of the Illinois
Historical Aerial Photography (ILHAP) project is to create digital
archival surrogates for the 1936 through 1941 USDA-AAA aerial
photographs. *Since the original silver nitrate negatives no longer
exist, the photographic paper prints produced from the original film
negatives must be digitized.*

<http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/nsdihome/webdocs/ilhap/scan.html>

Another Illinois Geological Survey project involves scanning and
orthorectifying imagery from the 1930s and 40s.

> Most of the photographs come from the Illinois Department of Natural
> Resources Office of Water Resources, which has an extensive
> collection. That collection has suffered through the years, though,
> from use and loss, and photographs are now transported using security
> measures to avoid further loss.

.

**Example 2:**

The University of Illinois has a good Power Point presentation
documenting their rationale for digitizing their photography collection.

<http://images.library.uiuc.edu/projects/aerial_photos/information/slideshow/sld001.htm>

They have a collection of old photographs, most from silver nitrate
film. The original film has been destroyed, and the paper copies are
their only record. Making a digital copy would be the best way to
preserve these records.

**Example 3**:

Utah, according to geologists, is overdue for the "big one," meaning a
major earthquake. Even if the building could withstand the tremors, the
fact that this area is a natural wetlands might make water damage a
possibility. Fire or other natural disasters are also a possibility.

**B. Greater Accuracy of Ortho Rectified Imagery**:

When flown, the imagery rarely would be at the precise scale defined by
the program. The range of average scales for each roll of film is listed
in the Oracle database. For the NAPP1 program, for example, the 1:40,000
"official" scale actually fell between 1:35,200 to 1:47,972. Within a
roll, individual exposures would also have differing scales. The
rectification process for the photo enlargements corrected this problem.
Orthorectification could provide more geometrically accurate imagery
over a larger continuous area.

**Example 1:**

This point is illustrated well by the Hennepin County, Minnesota
website, explaining the basics of orthorectification..

<http://www.co.hennepin.mn.us/vgn/portal/internet/hcdetailmaster/0,2300,1273_83317_102898005,00.html>

Geometrically accurate imagery probably would not be necessary for many
customers. However, it would be easier to rectify on demand if the
exposures were already scanned and available for processing.

**Example 2**:

The Illinois State Geological Survey has scanned and orthorectified
aerial imagery from the 1930s in four watershed areas. Their rationale
is that orthorectifying geometrically corrects the scanned images to
provide accurate locations, and includes the vertical dimension.

<http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/annulrpt/ar01_02/g15.htm>

**C. Past Value of Historical Collections Make Future Usage a
Certainty**

**Example1:**

From *Airborne: The Value of Historical Imagery*

By Terry Slonecker, Mary J. Lacerte, and Donald Garofalo

> The information contained in the vast holdings of historical imagery
> has already made many meaningful contributions to scientific discovery
> and resource management. This will no doubt grow as the rapidly
> expanding world of remote sensing technology creates unprecedented
> volumes of overhead imagery from a variety of sensors and platforms.
> Increases in spatial and spectral resolution will spawn many new and
> unforeseen uses of imagery.
>
> Creating permanent, digital archives of existing historical imagery
> collections should be a high priority for the remote sensing and
> scientific communities. In concert with the acquisition of imagery,
> comprehensive and searchable metadata files must be generated and
> maintained. Further, great care should be taken to preserve this
> capability by creating reliable physical storage systems to ensure
> efficient access to these new imagery resources.
>
>  Historical imagery is a unique and irreplaceable resource. We should
> always keep in mind that imaging scientists have a unique capability
> to view the past and we, as a community, should take great care to
> preserve this resource for future generations.

<http://www.eomonline.com/Common/Archives/1999julaug/99julaug_airborne.html>

**Example 2:**

*Data Science Journal, Volume 2, 31 October 2003* 159

The Challenge of Archiving and Preserving Remotely Sensed Data

By John L. Faundeen

*Archivist, U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD
57198 USA*

> *Abstract*
>
> Few would question the need to archive the scientific and technical
> (S&T) data generated by researchers. At a minimum, the data are needed
> for change analysis. Likewise, most people would value efforts to
> ensure the preservation of the archived S&T data. Future generations
> will use analysis techniques not even considered today. Until
> recently, archiving and preserving these data were usually
> accomplished within existing infrastructures and budgets. As the
> volume of archived data increases, however, organizations charged with
> archiving S&T data will be increasingly challenged (U.S. General
> Accounting Office, 2002). The U.S. Geological Survey has had
> experience in this area and has developed strategies to deal with the
> mountain of land remote sensing data currently being managed and the
> tidal wave of expected new data. The Agency has dealt with archiving
> issues, such as selection criteria, purging, advisory panels, and data
> access, and has met with preservation challenges involving
> photographic and digital media. That experience has allowed the USGS
> to develop management approaches, which this paper outlines*.*

<http://journals.eecs.qub.ac.uk/codata/Journal/contents/2_03/2_03pdfs/DS132.pdf>

**D. Technological Obsolescence Will Necessitate Moving to Newer Media**

**Example 1**:

*Data Science Journal, Volume 2, 31 October 2003* 159

The Challenge of Archiving and Preserving Remotely Sensed Data

By John L. Faundeen

*Archivist, U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD
57198 USA*

> Technological obsolescence is one of the biggest digital data
> challenges to a records manager (U.S. General Accounting Office,
> 2002). Media, hardware, and software all become obsolete. An earlier
> rule of thumb was that data residing on a media needed to be migrated
> to a next-generation media every 10 years. Although general in nature,
> the 10 years usually provided enough lead-time to accomplish data
> migrations. Today, technology is moving faster, causing the 10-year
> window to shrink. Five years has been discussed in various archiving
> circles as a more realistic period for digital data. The USGS has
> designed, built, and operated three data migration systems. These
> complex systems migrated the digital scientific data from aging to
> newer media and cost millions of dollars while spanning many years.
> The successful operation of these migrations ensure that the data will
> be available for researchers. A fourth system is being built to handle
> previously migrated data to yet another media. The cycle continues.
> Planning for these preservation activities is extensive and must be
> done before data are threatened.

<http://216.239.57.104/search?q=cache:EQhqj9QuNdwJ:journals.eecs.qub.ac.uk/codata/Journal/contents/2_03/2_03pdfs/DS132.pdf+Preserving+Aerial+photography&hl=en>

Because technology is moving so rapidly, it will be necessary to change
the archival media. Film may last for over 75 years, but for the older
film, a good deal of that time has already passed.

**Example 2:**

Stewart Taggart, writing for space.com, describes the spatial data glut,
and the rush to deal with it. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has moved
from digital linear tapes (DLT) to CDs to DVDs. Joseph King, of the
National Space Science Data Center in Greenbelt, MD reports a continuous
challenge in data storage, as they continually move from one media to
another. John Faundeen, at the EROS Data Center, says he "must keep
running just to stand still." Moving to a digital storage media may be
necessary to ensure the data's preservation for the future.

Of course, their imagery was not originally captured on film, so they
never faced the question of considering a move from analog to digital.

<http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/generalscience/satellite_archives_000913.html>

**Arguments Against Preservation**

**Cost:**

The Illinois project has been curtailed die to a lack of funds. They
write:

> Assistance from federal, state, and local governmental agencies, and
> non-governmental organizations will be required to continue the
> preservation of Illinois 1936 through 1941 USDA-AAA aerial photographs
> and provide access to the digital collection. No further file scanning
> activities are being undertaken at this time.

<http://images.library.uiuc.edu/projects/aerial_photos/information/overview.asp>

It could be argued that the cost may still be too high, especially in a
time when budgets are tight. It might be better to wait until archival
methods are less expensive and more durable.

**Shelf Life**:

Film has a longer shelf life than digital media. The cans of film in our
vault have lasted for 50 years, could probably last for 50 more, and
still be in good condition. Kodak representative Douglas A. DeGraaf, in
a presentation to the NAIP planning meeting (September 16, 2004), stated
that film is archival for up to 75 years, with less than 10% dye fade.

<http://www.apfo.usda.gov/naip/Kodak.pdf>

**Court Usage:**

Film versions of aerial photography are admissible in court. Digital
imagery is not, because it could potentially be altered.

**Technological Obsolescence Will Necessitate Moving to Newer Media**

This point was made in the "Arguments For" section. It could also be
argued that since film has a longer shelf life, it would be better to
keep the imagery archived in its original format, rather than moving to
a digital method that will probably need to be updated in a short period
of time, and then updated again for an even newer format.

**Scale Accurate Photography May Be a Low Priority**

Dolores Hayden and Alex MacLean, in a website through Yale University,
explore issues in the urban landscape of Guilford Connecticut. Their
abstract reads:

> Low-altitude, oblique-angle aerial photography offers easily
> understood documentation of town character and cultural landscape
> history. Aerial photography shows scale relationships well, and is
> especially useful for visualizing resources in older towns. Guilford,
> Connecticut, founded in 1639, offers an example of a town with four
> historic districts threatened by automobile-scale sprawl. Our website
> makes broad dissemination of color aerial photographs affordable. It
> carries extensive text and maps as well to encourage debate on land
> use among citizens, planners, and elected officials.

They emphasize the use of oblique angle photography, and dismiss
conventional, vertical aerial photography in saying

> These \[9" x 9" high resolution photography (*sic*)\] were taken at 90
> degrees to the ground, and were not easy to read. This was always an
> expensive format as well as a rigid one, and any shift to color
> photography only increased the expense of reproduction.
>
> Better images for a non-technical audience come from professional
> photographers who fly small planes, zooming in at oblique angles and
> varying altitudes, using 35mm cameras and different lenses. The format
> is versatile and more expressive.

Many users, even in an academic setting, might not see the need for
scale accurate photography, or even for high resolution digital images.

<http://classes.yale.edu/00-01/amst401a/guilford/aerialphoto.html>

**Assessment Questions**

The USGS has an online form for appraisal of the value of its records.
Four of their primary considerations are the authenticity, reliability,
integrity, and usability of the data. The questions asked on this form
could be modified for use with our unique collection.

<http://edc2.usgs.gov/government/RAT/tool.asp>

The questions specifically about photographs are:

Are the records paper photographs?

Are the frames on a polyester base? If not, what is the base?

What generation are the photographs?

Rate the overall quality of the photographs based upon proper exposure,
color, balance, and sharpness.

Do the frames contain clouds or haze?

Are the frames in roll format or single cut format?

Are the frames free from gross scratches, tears, pinholes, or dirt?

Are the photographic rolls stored on reels securely enclosed in
non-metal containers?

Is the film type, camera type, camera focal length, lens number, date
taken, flying height, and area of coverage available electronically?

Is the manufacturer number of the film available?

Is the film titled with roll and frame reference numbers?

The entire questionnaire is available as [Appendix 6, Records Appraisal
Tool.](../Ap%206.%20Records%20Appraisal%20Tool.doc)

The Illinois State Geologic Survey has been working slowly due to
funding constraints. They have sought partnership opportunities in
developing their library. They write:

> Archiving is prioritized depending on availability of funding; most of
> the cost incurred is for optical scanning. The Illinois Department of
> Transportation, which is required to conduct site assessments for any
> new road construction or improvement, contributed toward the archiving
> the images acquired in the Chicago and St. Louis Metro East areas.
>
> Future funding is not assured, but ISGS staff are working to find
> funds to continue the project. The ISGS recently received a grant from
> the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop a Web site to provide
> wider access to the collection. The present archive contains 9,000
> scanned aerial photographs from the late 1930s and early 1940s

<http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/annulrpt/ar01_02/g15.htm>

**Archiving Options**

Before beginning an archiving program, a number of different options
would need to be explored. These would include what type of products
should be provided, what type of format, what areas, and what time
series.

David Davis provided a list of historical imagery options to be
considered.

They include:

Products:

-   Custom made areas. This is the method being used at present, where
    imagery is scanned on demand for the area, format, time series, and
    media that the customer requests.

-   Pre-made areas. APFO could create products for areas where we
    anticipate a higher demand. This might be determined by factors such
    as high land use/change; large populations; industries that use
    imagery; areas of environmental sensitivity.

-   Time series. APFO could provide imagery of a city, metropolitan
    area, or county over a period of time, using all imagery for that
    area available in the vault.

-   Should pre-made coverages be by county (similar to the present
    CCMs), city, metropolitan areas, or by customer designated areas.

Geographical Reference:

-   Scanning only: scan imagery, either according to a set standard or
    at a resolution and format specified by the customer. This would not
    be georeferenced; the customers would need to do that themselves.
    Camera reports could be supplied upon request.

-   Georeferenced: a specified number of control points could be
    provided, and the images would need to be "rubber sheeted" by the
    customer.

-   Orthorectification: The images would be fully ortho-rectified,
    making them scale accurate and ready for any uses in GIS. This could
    be done to all imagery, or by request for customers.

-   Mosaicking: The orthorectified images could be used to create tone
    matched mosaics like the MDOQs created for the Service center base
    layers.

-   APFO could begin by merely scanning imagery, then over time move up
    through the stages of georeferencing and then orthorectifying.

> Standards for scanned products would need to be established.

-   Image resolution: Would we go for 1 meter, to match the present base
    layer pixel size, or choose something else.

-   Scanning quality: photogrammetric or flatbed scanners? EROS is
    creating lower resolution products by using a digital camera mounted
    above the imagery.

-   Image format: This could be uncompressed (Tiff, GeoTiff, IMG, or
    other) or compressed (MrSID, ECW, JP2, or other)

-   Data delivery: Data could be delivered on CD, DVD, hard drive, FTP,
    or in the future through the Geospatial Data Warehouse (GDW).

Online services could include:

-   Website access for browsing the imagery available and ordering. It
    could include map style searches as well as tabular, and perhaps
    allow a thumbnail view of the imagery.

-   Subscription Service: Customers could have an account, allowing them
    to easily order, pay, and track the progress of an order.

**Appendix 1:**

**VAULT FILM BY PROGRAM**

**Program Count % of Total**

**ASCS**: **23477 43.000**

Black and White Negative 23411 42.930

Black and White Duped Negative 13 0.024

Black and White Rectified Dupe Negative 2 0.002

Color Infrared Negative 10 0.018

Color Infrared Positive 1 0.002

Natural Color 10 0.018

**BIA: 199 0.364**

Color Infrared Negative 2 0.002

Color Infrared Positive 13 0.024

Natural Color Negative 184 0.337

**BLM: 247 0.453**

Black and White Negative 29 0.053

Black and White Duped Negative 1 0.002

Color Infrared Positive 14 0.026

Natural Color Negative 203 0.372

**Forest Service: 19675 36.080**

Black and White Infrared Negative 625 1.146

Black and White Infrared Positive 1 0.002

Black and White Negative 6169 11.312

Black and White Duped Negative 59 0.108

Black and White Half Tone 4 0.007

Color Infrared Negative Dupe 4 0.007

Color Infrared Negative 948 1.731

Color Infrared Positive 520 0.954

Natural Color Negative 11340 20.795

Color Positive 7 0.013

Unknown 2 0.002

**FSA: 31 0.057**

Black and White 1 0.001

Natural Color Negative 30 0.055

**GS: 8 0.015**

Black and White: 1 0.001

Black and White Negative Dupe 3 0.005

Natural Color Negative 4 0.007

**Military: 95 0.174**

Black and White Negative: 13 0.024

Natural Color Negative 11 0.020

Color Infrared Negative 5 0.009

Color Infrared Positive 2 0.004

Black and White Negative Dupe 64 0.117

**NA: 21 0.039**

Black and White Negative 1 0.001

Color Infrared Negative 1 0.001

Natural Color Negative 17 0.031

NA 2 0.002

**NAPP1: 1937 3.552**

Black and White Negative Dupe 1 0.001

Color Infrared Positive 1936 3.550

**NAPP2**: **1846 3.385**

Black and White Negative 1054 1.933

Color Infrared Positive 792 1.452

**NAPP3: 1832 3.359**

Black and White Negative 822 1.507

Color Infrared Negative 59 0.108

Color Infrared Positive 951 1.744

**NASA: 513 0.941**

Black and White Negative 107 0.196

Black and White Negative Dupe 62 0.114

Black and White Internegative 8 0.015

Color Infrared Negative Dupe 18 0.033

Color Infrared Positive Dupe 88 0.161

Color Infrared Negative 1 0.001

Color Infrared Positive 229 0.420

**NFAP: 587 0.941**

Black and White Negative 33 0.061

Black and White Dupe Negative 1 0.001

Black and White Positive 12 0.022

Color Infrared Positive Dupe 5 0.009

Color Infrared Positive 524 0.961

Natural Color Negative 3 0.006

Natural Color Positive 9 0.017

**NHAP1**: **1458 2.674**

Black and White Internegative 1 0.001

Color Infrared Negative Dupe 1 0.001

Color Infrared Positive 1456 2.670

**NHAP2: 239 0.438**

Black and White Internegative 4 0.007

Color Infrared Positive 235 0.431

**NPS: 55 0.101**

Natural Color Negative: 55 0.101

**NRCS: 211 0.387\
**

Black and White Negative 90 0.165

Black and White Negative Dupe 3 0.006

Natural Color Negative 113 0.207

Natural Color Positive 5 0.009

**OTHER: 56 0.103**

Color Infrared Positive 55 0.101

Natural Color Positive Dupe 1 0.001

**PSU: 15 0.027**

Natural Color Positive 15 0.028

**SCS**: **2061 3.780**

Black and White Infrared Negative 1 0.002

Black and White Negative 1854 3.400

Black and White Negative Dupe 78 0.143

Black and White Internegative 14 0.026

Color Infrared Positive Dupe 3 0.006

Color Infrared Positive 94 0.172

Natural Color Negative 17 0.031

**Appendix 2:**

**Film by Type and Program**

  ------------ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
  **BIRN**     **BW IR Neg**       **% of Category**   **% of Total**

  FS           625                 99.84051037         1.146095025

  SCS          1                   0.159489633         0.001833752

               626                                     1.147928777

                                                       

  **BIRP**     **BW IR Pos**                           

  FS           1                                       0.001833752

                                                       

  **BN**       **BW Neg**                              

  ASCS         23411               69.50184064         **42.92996901**

  BLM          29                  0.086094288         0.053178809

  FS           6169                18.31433321         11.31241634

  GS           1                   0.002968769         0.001833752

  NA           1                   0.002968769         0.001833752

  MIL          13                  0.038593991         0.023838777

  NAPP         1876                5.569409809         **3.440118827**

  NASA         107                 0.317658235         0.196211468

  NFAP         33                  0.097969362         0.060513817

  NRCS         90                  0.26718917          0.165037684

  SCS          1854                5.504096901         **3.399776282**

                                                       

  Total        33584               99.70312314         **61.58472851**

                                                       

  **BNDN**     **BW Neg**          **Dupe**            

  ASCS         13                  4.545454545         0.023838777

  BLM          1                   0.34965035          0.001833752

  FS           59                  20.62937063         0.10819137

  FSA          1                   0.34965035          0.001833752

  GS           3                   1.048951049         0.005501256

  MIL          64                  22.37762238         0.117360131

  NAPP         1                   0.34965035          0.001833752

  NASA         62                  21.67832168         0.113692626

  NFAP         1                   0.34965035          0.001833752

  NRCS         3                   1.048951049         0.005501256

  SCS          78                  27.27272727         0.143032659

                                                       

  Total        286                 100                 0.524453083

                                                       

  **BNRD**     **BW Neg**          **Rectified**       

  ASCS         2                                       0.003667504

                                                       

  **BP**       **BW Pos**                              

  NFAP         12                                      0.022005024

                                                       

  **BWHT**     **BW Half Tone**                        

  FS           4                                       0.007335008

                                                       

  **BWIN**     **BW Interneg**                         

  NASA         8                   29.62962963         0.014670016

  NHAP         5                   18.51851852         0.00916876

  SCS          14                  51.85185185         0.025672529

                                                       

  Total        27                  100                 0.049511305

                                                       

  **CIND**     **CIR Neg**         **Dupe**            

  FS           4                   17.39130435         0.007335008

  NASA         18                  78.26086957         0.033007537

  NHAP         1                   4.347826087         0.001833752

                                                       

  Total        23                  100                 0.042176297

                                                       

  **CIPD**     **CIR Pos**         **Dupe**            

  NASA         88                  91.66666667         0.16137018

  NFAP         5                   5.208333333         0.00916876

  SCS          3                   3.125               0.005501256

                                                       

  Total        96                  100                 0.176040196

                                                       

  **CIRN**     **CIR Neg**                             

  ASCS         10                  0.978473581         0.01833752

  BIA          2                   0.195694716         0.003667504

  FS           944                 92.36790607         1.731061926

  MIL          5                   0.489236791         0.00916876

  NAPP         59                  5.772994129         0.10819137

  NASA         1                   0.097847358         0.001833752

  NA           1                   0.097847358         0.001833752

                                                       

  Total        1022                100                 1.874094585

                                                       

  **CIRP**     **CIR Pos**                             

                                                       

  ASCS         1                   0.014628438         0.001833752

  BIA          13                  0.19016969          0.023838777

  BLM          14                  0.204798128         0.025672529

  FS           520                 7.606787595         0.953551061

  MIL          2                   0.029256875         0.003667504

  NAPP         3679                **53.81802224**     **6.746373755**

  NASA         229                 **3.349912229**     0.419929217

  NFAP         524                 **7.665301346**     0.960886069

  NHAP         1691                **24.73668812**     3.1008747

  OTHER        55                  0.804564073         0.100856362

  SCS          94                  1.375073142         0.172372692

                                                       

  Total        6822                99.79520187         **12.50985642**

                                                       

  **CN**       **Natural Color**   **Negative**        

                                                       

  ASCS         10                  0.083500334         0.01833752

  BIA          184                 1.536406146         0.337410375

  BLM          203                 1.69505678          0.372251664

  FS           11340               94.68937876         **20.79474813**

  FSA          30                  0.250501002         0.055012561

  GS           4                   0.033400134         0.007335008

  MIL          11                  0.091850367         0.020171272

  NA           17                  0.141950568         0.031173785

  NFAP         3                   0.0250501           0.005501256

  NPS          55                  0.459251837         0.100856362

  NRCS         113                 0.943553774         0.207213981

  SCS          17                  0.141950568         0.031173785

                                                       

  Total        11987               100.0918504         **21.9811857**

                                                       

  **CP**       **Natural Color**   **Positive**        

                                                       

  FS           7                   18.91891892         0.012836264

  NFAP         9                   24.32432432         0.016503768

  NRCS         5                   13.51351351         0.00916876

  PSU          15                  40.54054054         0.027506281

  Other        1                   2.702702703         0.001833752

                                                       

  Total        37                  100                 0.067848825

                                                       

               **Unclassified**                        

               4                                       0.007335008

                                                       

               **Count**                               **Percent of
                                                       Total**

  **Total**    **54533**                               **100**

                                                       
  ------------ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

**Largest Single Categories by Type and Program**

Type: Program \# of Rolls % of Type % of Total Rolls

  ---------------- ------------------ ----------------- ------------------
  **BN:ASCS**      23411              69.50184064       42.92996901

  **CN: FS**       11340              94.68937876       20.79474813

  **CIRP:NAPP**    229                53.81802224       6.746373755

  **BN:NAPP**      1876               5.569409809       3.440118827

  **BN: SCS**      1854               5.504096901       3.399776282
  ---------------- ------------------ ----------------- ------------------

**Appendix 3:**

**Vault Holdings By Year**

**1947 -- 2004**

**(Excluding NDOP & NAIP Film)**

Most Film 2^nd^ Largest 3^rd^ Largest Other Film

Year \# of Rolls % of Total for Year for year for Year That Year

  --------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------
  1947      1         0.001834   ASCS                           

  1949      1         0.001834   ASCS                           

  1950      5         0.009169   ASCS      NA                   

  1951      7         0.012836   ASCS      FS                   

  1952      1         0.001834   ASCS                           

  1953      1         0.001834   FS                             

  1954      203       0.372252   ASCS      FS        SCS        

  1955      2100      3.850879   ASCS      FS        NRCS       

  1956      1869      3.427283   ASCS      FS        SCS        

  1957      1976      3.623494   ASCS      FS        SCS        

  1958      2042      3.744522   ASCS      FS        SCS        

  1959      1637      3.001852   ASCS      FS                   

  1960      1705      3.126547   ASCS      FS        SCS        

  1961      994       1.82275    ASCS      FS        SCS        

  1962      1249      2.290356   ASCS      FS        SCS        

  1963      1617      2.965177   ASCS      FS        SCS        

  1964      1448      2.655273   ASCS      FS        SCS        

  1965      1336      2.449893   ASCS      FS        SCS        

  1966      1260      2.310528   ASCS      FS        SCS        

  1967      1459      2.675444   ASCS      FS        SCS        

  1968      1263      2.316029   ASCS      FS        SCS/MIL    

  1969      1477      2.708452   ASCS      FS        SCS        2 others

  1970      1488      2.728623   ASCS      FS        SCS        4 others

  1971      1476      2.706618   ASCS      FS        SCS        4 others

  1972      1216      2.229842   FS        ASCS      SCS        3 others

  1973      991       1.817248   FS        ASCS      SCS        2 others

  1974      1243      2.279354   FS        ASCS      SCS        3 others

  1975      766       1.404654   FS        SCS       ASCS       2 others

  1976      859       1.575193   FS        ASCS      SCS        2 others

  1977      876       1.606367   FS        ASCS      SCS        3 others

  1978      1295      2.374709   ASCS      FS        SCS        3 others

  1979      1358      2.490235   FS        ASCS      SCS        4 others

  1980      1533      2.811142   FS        ASCS      NHAP1      4 others

  1981      1164      2.134487   FS        NHAP1     ASCS       4 others

  1982      872       1.599032   FS        NHAP1     ASCS       3 others

  1983      999       1.831918   FS        NHAP1     NFAP       4 others

  1984      678       1.243284   FS        NHAP1                4 others

  1985      730       1.338639   FS        NHAP2     NHAP1      2 others

  1986      300       0.550126   FS                             3 others

  1987      912       1.672382   NAPP1     FS                   5 others

  1988      1214      2.226175   NAPP1     FS                   6 others

  1989      1170      2.14549    FS        NAPP1                8 others

  1990      746       1.367979   FS        ASCS                 6 others

  1991      828       1.518347   FS        NAPP1                4 others

  1992      401       0.735335   FS                             6 others

  1993      841       1.542185   FS        NAPP2                5 others

  1994      896       1.643042   NAPP2     FS                   5 others

  1995      805       1.47617    NAPP2     FS                   2 others

  1996      900       1.650377   NAPP2     FS                   3 others

  1997      642       1.177269   NAPP3     FS                   3 others

  1998      655       1.201108   NAPP3     FS                   3 others

  1999      708       1.298296   NAPP3     FS                   3 others

  2000      525       0.96272    FS        NAPP3                1 other

  2001      732       1.342306   FS        NAPP3                6 others

  2002      546       1.001229   FS        NAPP3     BLM        3 others

  2003      339       0.621642   FS        NAPP3                3 others

  2004      178       0.326408   FS                             4 others

                                                                

            54533                                               
  --------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------

**Appendix 4:**

**Indexes by Type**

  ---------------------- ---------------------- -------------------------
  **Digital**                                   

                                                

  FS                     14                     0.642792

  NAPP                   2141                   98.30119

  NRCS                   22                     1.010101

  NPS                    1                      0.045914

                                                

  Total                  2178                   100

                                                

  **Line**                                      

  BIA                    36                     0.327332

  BLM                    82                     0.74559

  FS                     9531                   86.66121

  FSA                    980                    8.910711

  MIL                    4                      0.03637

  NAPP                   52                     0.472813

  NHAP                   6                      0.054555

  NPS                    27                     0.245499

  NRCS                   241                    2.191308

  OTHER                  22                     0.200036

  PUBLIC                 6                      0.054555

  SCS                    11                     0.100018

                                                

  Total                  10998                  100

                                                

  **Photo**                                     

  BIA                    20                     0.030454

  FS                     5906                   8.993178

  FSA                    54471                  82.94402

  GS                     2                      0.003045

  MIL                    280                    0.426361

  NA                     2                      0.003045

  NRCS                   4583                   6.978621

  OTHER                  51                     0.077659

  SCS                    357                    0.543611

                                                

  Total                  65672                  100

                                                

  **Spot**                                      

                                                

  FS                     99                     1.969365

  FSA                    27                     0.5371

  NAPP                   2805                   55.79869

  NHAP                   1953                   38.85021

  NRCS                   141                    2.804854

  OTHER                  2                      0.039785

  Total                  5027                   100
  ---------------------- ---------------------- -------------------------

**Appendix 5:**

**Indexes by Year**

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  year              PRI               Count             

  1950              LI                5                 83875

                    PI                2191              

  1951              PI                1906              

  1952              PI                2087              

  1953              LI                7                 

                    PI                1930              

  1954              LI                5                 

                    PI                2275              

  1955              LI                18                

                    PI                2247              

  1956              LI                237               

                    PI                2149              

  1957              LI                155               

                    PI                2170              

  1958              LI                215               

                    PI                1899              

  1959              LI                354               

                    PI                1450              

  1960              LI                371               

                    PI                1690              

  1961              LI                91                

                    PI                1510              

  1962              LI                154               

                    PI                1591              

                    SI                73                

  1963              LI                85                

                    PI                2518              

  1964              LI                218               

                    PI                2492              

  1965              LI                213               

                    PI                2558              

  1966              LI                357               

                    PI                2195              

  1967              LI                263               

                    PI                2364              

  1968              LI                143               

                    PI                2050              

  1969              LI                294               

                    PI                2003              

  1970              LI                394               

                    PI                2219              

  1971              LI                82                

                    PI                1765              

  1972              LI                191               

                    PI                1623              

  1973              LI                309               

                    PI                1863              

  1974              LI                149               

                    PI                2137              

  1975              LI                91                

                    PI                846               

  1976              LI                411               

                    PI                741               

                    SI                7                 

  1977              LI                427               

                    PI                1240              

  1978              LI                654               

                    PI                3913              

                    SI                3                 

  1979              LI                289               

                    PI                3004              

                    SI                1                 

  1980              LI                228               

                    PI                2792              

                    SI                395               

  1981              LI                311               

                    PI                1314              

                    SI                424               

  1982              LI                89                

                    PI                617               

                    SI                279               

  1983              LI                151               

                    PI                311               

                    SI                275               

  1984              LI                340               

                    PI                6                 

                    SI                121               

  1985              LI                92                

                    SI                473               

  1986              LI                130               

  1987              DI                1                 

                    LI                268               

                    SI                600               

  1988              DI                1                 

                    LI                573               

                    SI                475               

  1989              DI                6                 

                    LI                369               

                    SI                314               

  1990              DI                14                

                    LI                609               

                    PI                5                 

                    SI                526               

  1991              DI                67                

                    LI                225               

                    SI                545               

  1992              DI                340               

                    LI                301               

                    SI                260               

  1993              DI                526               

                    LI                257               

                    SI                100               

  1994              DI                434               

                    LI                158               

                    SI                129               

  1995              DI                294               

                    LI                92                

                    SI                3                 

  1996              DI                284               

                    LI                50                

                    PI                1                 

                    SI                2                 

  1997              DI                16                

                    LI                47                

                    SI                2                 

  1998              DI                158               

                    LI                84                

                    SI                8                 

  1999              DI                4                 

                    LI                87                

  2000              DI                18                

                    LI                56                

  2001              LI                149               

  2002              LI                58                

                    SI                3                 

  2003              DI                6                 

                    LI                87                

                    SI                9                 

  2004              DI                9                 

                    LI                5                 
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

**Appendix 6:**

**Records Appraisal Tool**

![](media/image2.jpeg){width="6.25in" height="0.75in"}

**Records Appraisal Tool**

This tool assists the USGS in appraising record collections that are
offered to, or sought by, the USGS.

Top of Form

  ----------- ----------------------------------------- ---------------- ----------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------------------------------- ------------ -----------------------------------------
  **Date:**   ![](media/image3.wmf){width="0.84375in"   **Appraiser:**   ![](media/image3.wmf){width="0.84375in"   **Collection   ![](media/image3.wmf){width="0.84375in"   **Email:**   ![](media/image3.wmf){width="0.84375in"
              height="0.25in"}                                           height="0.25in"}                          Name:**        height="0.25in"}                                       height="0.25in"}

  ----------- ----------------------------------------- ---------------- ----------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------------------------------- ------------ -----------------------------------------

**Mission Relevancy**

  --------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
  Do the records fit within the scope of our Collecting Policy?         YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                                        height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Does the anticipated current and future utility of the data fit       YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  within the                                                            height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  [[EDC]{.underline}](http://edc2.usgs.gov/government/What_We_Do.doc)                                                                                            
  mission?                                                                                                                                                       

  Are the records significant or unique to the remote sensing,          YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  cartographic, and Earth science data user community?                  height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Would the contribution of the collection complement or supplement     YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  EDC's current archive holdings?                                       height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  --------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------

**Policy**

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
  Can the records                                                                    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  [[Authenticity]{.underline}](http://edc2.usgs.gov/government/RAT/moreinfo.htm#a)   height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  be judged, i.e. are the records considered to be authentic? (ISO 15489-1:2001(E)                                                                                            

  Can the records                                                                    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  [[Reliability]{.underline}](http://edc2.usgs.gov/government/RAT/moreinfo.htm#b) be height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  assessed? (ISO 15489-1:2001(E)                                                                                                                                              

  Are the records                                                                    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  [[Integrity]{.underline}](http://edc2.usgs.gov/government/RAT/moreinfo.htm#c) of a height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  high nature? (ISO 15489-1:2001(E)                                                                                                                                           

  Are the records                                                                    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  [[Usability]{.underline}](http://edc2.usgs.gov/government/RAT/moreinfo.htm#b)      height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  conducive to our anticipated exploitation of the information value in the records?                                                                                          
  (ISO 15489-1:2001(E)                                                                                                                                                        

  Do the data involve or reflect any legal rights of the Government or individuals?  YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                                                     height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Will the data be needed to defend the agency or the Government against charges of  YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  data fraud or misrepresentation?                                                   height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Will other users require access to the original \"raw\" (unedited, unprocessed)    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  data?                                                                              height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Has the collection been made available to other users, including NARA, through     YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  agency schedules or data sharing agreements?                                       height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Do the data support the study of geophysical changes over time?                    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                                                     height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Is this collection to be distributed from USGS/EDC?                                YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                                                     height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------

**General**

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
  Who created the record and for what purpose?                                    ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
                                                                                  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  What significant contributions, such as unique or under-recorded spatial or     ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
  temporal coverage, does the collection bring to EDC as defined through the      height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     
  archive's Collection Policy?                                                                                                                                                       

  What is the spatial area covered by the collection?                             ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
                                                                                  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  What is the temporal range(s) the collection spans?                             ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
                                                                                  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  How does the record meet the information needs and interest of various user     ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
  groups served by the archive?                                                   height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  What is the potential utility of the record based on past and present research  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
  use?                                                                            height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  Are there physical, intellectual, or legal barriers in making the records       YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"     N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  accessible?\                                                                    height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}
  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                                                                                                 
  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                                                                                                     

  Do the records represent a complete population or universe, or a statistically  YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"     N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  valid sample?                                                                   height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}

  Who owns the records?                                                           ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
                                                                                  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  Do the records provide information beyond the initial purpose?                  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
                                                                                  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  List where the records are also available from other organizations or           ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
  institutions:                                                                   height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  Do we have similar records already? List the similar records:\                  YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"     N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                              height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}
  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                                                                                                     

  If the collection is not complete, describe what is missing.                    ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
                                                                                  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  What media are the records stored on?                                           ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
                                                                                  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  Describe the size of the collection in terms of volume, boxes, pallets, tapes,  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
  canisters, etc.                                                                 height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  Are the records in a discernable order?                                         YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"     N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                                                  height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}

  What physical condition are the records in?                                     GOOD![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"          FAIR![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   POOR![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                                                  height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}

  Are the records at risk? If yes, describe the risk:\                            YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"     N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                              height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}
  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                                                                                                     

  Are the records housed on deteriorating media requiring immediate attention?    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"     N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                                                  height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}

  What format are the records in?                                                 ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
                                                                                  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  Describe any restrictions that apply to the collection:                         ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                 
                                                                                  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                     

  Is the anticipated demand for the records high? If so, by what user group(s)?\  YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"     N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                              height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}
  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                                                                                                     

  Would acceptance of the records impose unique archiving, distribution, or       YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"     N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  customer service requirements. Provide details:\                                height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}
  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                                                                                                 
  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                                                                                                     

  What is the overall quality of the data?                                        GOOD![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"          FAIR![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   POOR![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                                                  height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}

  Is this a continuously growing data collection?                                 YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"     N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                                                  height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}

  Does this record collection fill gaps in or complement existing collections?    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"     N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                                                  height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}

  Are the records of an                                                           YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"     N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  [[Intrinsic]{.underline}](http://edc2.usgs.gov/government/RAT/moreinfo.htm#b)   height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}
  value?\                                                                                                                                                                            
  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                                                                                                 
  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                                                                                                     
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------

**Physical**

  ------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
  Are the records provided at the level of processing    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  that best preserves the integrity of the records and   height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  is the most useful to the anticipated requestors of                                                                                             
  the data?                                                                                                                                       

  Are the data uncompressed?                             YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                         height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Do the records reside on media that is compatible with YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  USGS systems and have at least 5 years of reliable     height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  life remaining?                                                                                                                                 

  Is the format that the records are to be transferred   YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  in non-proprietary and computer-compatible?            height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  If the format is proprietary, has a formal sunset date YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  when the data would be considered Public Domain been   height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  agreed upon?                                                                                                                                    

  Can the record's file naming convention be documented? YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                         height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Are non-proprietary raw, raster-formatted browse       YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  available for each record?                             height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Are the initial, and any subsequent, processing        YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  histories available?                                   height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Are the records at the optimal generation level for    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  long-term preservation?                                height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  ------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------

**Metadata**

  ------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
  Is complete metadata, capable of supporting Federal    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  Geographic Data Committee/International Standards      height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  Organization collection- and record-level standards                                                                                             
  with emphasis upon complete frame/image center and                                                                                              
  corner latitude and longitude coordinates, available?                                                                                           

  Can the metadata be provided via flat, American        YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  Standard Code for Information Interchange, delimited   height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  files and indexed to tie to the physical inventory of                                                                                           
  records?                                                                                                                                        

  Is additional information about the records available? YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  Examples include libraries of documentation, guides,   height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  Data Information Files, fact sheets, Frequently Asked                                                                                           
  Questions sheets, instrument documentation,                                                                                                     
  Preliminary Design Reviews, Critical Design Reviews,                                                                                            
  lessons learned, hardware documentation, firmware                                                                                               
  documentation, engineering models, computer models,                                                                                             
  platform documentation, algorithm documentation, URLs,                                                                                          
  Principle Investigator contact, Algorithm Theoretical                                                                                           
  Basis Documents.\                                                                                                                               
  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                                                              
  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                                                                  

  Would training be available from the records provider  YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  or creator?                                            height="0.25in"}                             height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  ------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------

**Cost / Benefit**

  ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
  Are there sufficient funds to acquire, maintain, and   YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  make records available now and in the future?          height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Is there a potential of cost sharing for capital       YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  investment and/or recurring costs?                     height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Would the data be difficult or expensive to replicate  YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  by us or someone else?                                 height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Are there significant costs or consequences to the     YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  program or the Government if the data are not obtained height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  or maintained?                                                                                                                                          

  Does the estimated research value of the data exceed   YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  the costs to maintain them for secondary use by        height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}
  Government researchers or other?                                                                                                                        

  Estimate the cost of preserving the record weighed     ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                               
  against the benefit of retaining the information, i.e. height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                   
  what are the costs of identifying, appraising, and                                                                                                      
  accessioning the records?                                                                                                                               

  What are the costs of processing the collection to an  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                               
  accessible level?                                      height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                   

  Are the resources necessary for any preservation or    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  access functions available?                            height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  What are the annual costs of housing the original      ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                               
  records or reducing their bulk by sampling?            height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                   

  Will special equipment be required to read or process  YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"           NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  the records?                                           height="0.25in"}                                     height="0.25in"}                            height="0.25in"}

  Estimate the cost to deaccession/purge the             N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"                                                       
  collection.\                                           height="0.25in"}                                                                                 
  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                                                                      
  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                                                                          
  ------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------

**Photographs**

  ---------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
  Are the records paper photographs?                   YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"    NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"       N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                       height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}                                height="0.25in"}

  Are the frames on a polyester base? If not, what is  YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"    NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"       N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  the base?\                                           height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}                                height="0.25in"}
  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                                                                 
  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                                                                     

  What generation are the photographs?\                                                                                                              
  ![](media/image5.wmf){width="1.8958333333333333in"                                                                                                 
  height="0.6979166666666666in"}                                                                                                                     

  Rate the overall quality of the photographs based    GOOD![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   FAIR![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"     POOR![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  upon proper exposure, color balance and sharpness.   height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}                                height="0.25in"}

  Do the frames contain clouds or haze?                YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"    NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"       N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                       height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}                                height="0.25in"}

  Are the frames in roll format or single-cut format?  ROLL![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"   SINGLE![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"    
                                                       height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}                                

  Are the frames free from gross scratches, tears,     YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"    NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"       N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  pinholes or dirt?                                    height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}                                height="0.25in"}

  Are the photographic rolls stored on reels securely  YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"    NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"       N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  enclosed in non-metal containers?                    height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}                                height="0.25in"}

  Is the film type, camera type, camera focal length,  YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"    NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"       N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  lens number, date taken, flying height, and area of  height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}                                height="0.25in"}
  coverage available electronically?                                                                                                                 

  Is the manufacturer number of the film available?    YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"    NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"       N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
                                                       height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}                                height="0.25in"}

  Is the film titled with roll and frame reference     YES![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"    NO![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"       N/A![](media/image4.wmf){width="0.28125in"
  numbers?                                             height="0.25in"}                              height="0.25in"}                                height="0.25in"}
  ---------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  Additional Comments:\
  ![](media/image6.wmf){width="2.9375in" height="1.1354166666666667in"}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

![](media/image7.wmf){width="0.4375in"
height="0.3125in"}![](media/image8.wmf){width="0.71875in"
height="0.3125in"}Bottom of Form

**Appendix 7:**

**Work Orders by Year**

**1954 -- 2004**

  ------------- ------------- ------------ ---------------- ---------------- -------------- -------------- ----------------
  **Year**      **Customer    **\# of Work **% Work Orders  **% Work Orders  **Number of    **% of Units   **% Units /
                Type**        Orders**     for year**       / Total**        Units**        for year**     Total**

  **1954**      APFO          3            18.75            0.01809          76             **68.46847**   0.009246

                Other Fed     0            0                0                0              0              0

                Public        12           **75**           0.072359         33             29.72973       0.004015

                State         1            6.25             0.00603          2              1.801802       0.000243

                ***Total***   ***16***     ***100***        ***0.096479***   ***111***      ***100***      ***0.013503***

                                                                                                           

  **1955**      APFO          2            0.619195         0.01206          60             1.73913        0.007299

                Other Fed     25           7.739938         0.150748         559            16.2029        0.068003

                Public        242          **74.9226**      1.459238         1529           **44.31884**   0.186005

                State         54           16.71827         0.325615         1302           37.73913       0.15839

                ***Total***   ***323***    ***100***        ***1.94766***    ***3450***     ***100***      ***0.419698***

                                                                                                           

  **1956**      APFO          6            1.734104         0.036179         106            2.955116       0.012895

                Other Fed     30           8.67052          0.180897         273            7.610817       0.033211

                Public        284          **82.08092**     1.712494         2770           **77.22331**   0.336975

                State         26           7.514451         0.156778         438            12.21076       0.053283

                ***Total***   ***346***    ***100***        ***2.086348***   ***3587***     ***100***      ***0.436365***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1957**      APFO          6            1.643836         0.036179         160            5.845817       0.019464

                Other Fed     31           8.493151         0.186927         257            9.389843       0.031264

                Public        299          **81.91781**     1.802943         1419           **51.84509**   0.172624

                State         29           7.945205         0.174867         901            32.91925       0.109608

                ***Total***   ***365***    ***100***        ***2.200917***   ***2737***     ***100***      ***0.332961***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1958**      APFO          11           2.380952         0.066329         1071           16.53033       0.130289

                Other Fed     21           4.545455         0.126628         371            5.726192       0.045133

                Public        379          **82.03463**     2.285335         2118           32.69023       0.257658

                State         51           11.03896         0.307525         2919           **45.05325**   **0.355101**

                ***Total***   ***462***    ***100***        ***2.785818***   ***6479***     ***100***      ***0.788181***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1959**      APFO          1            0.3861           0.00603          68             3.018198       0.008272

                Other Fed     20           7.722008         0.120598         202            8.965823       0.024574

                Public        215          **83.01158**     1.29643          1159           **51.44252**   0.140994

                State         23           8.880309         0.138688         824            36.57346       0.100241

                ***Total***   ***259***    ***100***        ***1.561746***   ***2253***     ***100***      ***0.274081***

  **1960**      APFO          2            0.884956         0.01206          17             0.788132       0.002068

                Other Fed     16           7.079646         0.096479         426            19.74965       0.051824

                Public        188          83.18584         1.133623         1213           **56.23551**   0.147563

                State         20           8.849558         0.120598         501            23.2267        0.060947

                ***Total***   ***226***    ***100***        ***1.362759***   ***2157***     ***100***      ***0.262403***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1961**      APFO          0            0                0                0              0              0

                Other Fed     6            4.411765         0.036179         33             1.873935       0.004015

                Public        114          **83.82353**     0.68741          828            **47.01874**   0.100728

                State         16           11.76471         0.096479         900            **51.10733**   0.109487

                ***Total***   ***136***    ***100***        ***0.820068***   ***1761***     ***100***      ***0.214229***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1962**      APFO          0            0                0                0              0              0

                Other Fed     19           11.80124         0.114568         825            **43.6739**    0.100363

                Public        123          **76.39752**     0.741679         653            34.56855       0.079439

                State         19           11.80124         0.114568         411            21.75754       0.049999

                ***Total***   ***161***    ***100***        ***0.970815***   ***1889***     ***100***      ***0.2298***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1963**      APFO          1            0.456621         0.00603          78             3.091558       0.009489

                Other Fed     23           10.50228         0.138688         586            23.22632       0.071288

                Public        171          **78.08219**     1.031114         1141           **45.22394**   0.138805

                State         24           10.9589          0.144718         718            28.45818       0.087346

                ***Total***   ***219***    ***100***        ***1.32055***    ***2523***     ***100***      ***0.306927***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1964**      APFO          4            2.739726         0.02412          832            22.88858       0.101214

                Other Fed     13           8.90411          0.078389         646            17.77166       0.078587

                Public        103          **70.54795**     0.621081         1561           **42.9436**    0.189898

                State         26           17.80822         0.156778         596            16.39615       0.072504

                ***Total***   ***146***    ***100***        ***0.880367***   ***3635***     ***100***      *0.442204*

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1965**      APFO          5            2.906977         0.03015          476            14.92163       0.057906

                Other Fed     14           8.139535         0.084419         906            **28.40125**   0.110216

                Public        128          **74.4186**      0.771828         984            **30.84639**   0.119705

                State         25           14.53488         0.150748         824            **25.83072**   0.100241

                ***Total***   ***172***    ***100***        ***1.037144***   ***3190***     ***100***      ***0.388069***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1966**      APFO          1            0.609756         0.00603          378            10.18045       0.045984

                Other Fed     22           13.41463         0.132658         313            8.429841       0.038077

                Public        123          **75**           0.741679         2009           **54.10719**   0.244398

                State         18           10.97561         0.108538         1013           27.28252       0.123233

                ***Total***   ***164***    ***100***        ***0.988905***   ***3713***     ***100***      ***0.451693***

  **1967**      APFO          1            0.793651         0.00603          2              0.069614       0.000243

                Other Fed     13           10.31746         0.078389         415            14.44483       0.050485

                Public        87           **69.04762**     0.524602         1349           **46.9544**    0.164108

                State         25           19.84127         0.150748         1107           38.53115       0.134668

                ***Total***   ***126***    ***100***        ***0.759768***   ***2873***     ***100***      ***0.349505***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1968**      APFO          1            1.219512         0.00603          58             2.455546       0.007056

                Other Fed     10           12.19512         0.060299         574            24.30144       0.069828

                Public        54           **65.85366**     0.325615         1321           **55.92718**   0.160702

                State         17           20.73171         0.102508         409            17.31583       0.049756

                ***Total***   ***82***     ***100***        ***0.494452***   ***2362***     *100*          ***0.287341***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1969**      APFO          3            2.586207         0.01809          81             4.475138       0.009854

                Other Fed     10           8.62069          0.060299         262            14.47514       0.031873

                Public        85           **73.27586**     0.512542         1144           **63.20442**   0.13917

                State         18           15.51724         0.108538         323            17.8453        0.039293

                ***Total***   ***116***    ***100***        ***0.699469***   ***1810***     ***100***      ***0.22019***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1970**      APFO          1            0.689655         0.00603          2              0.073992       0.000243

                Other Fed     27           18.62069         0.162808         1130           **41.8054**    0.137466

                Public        99           **68.27586**     0.596961         990            **36.62597**   0.120435

                State         18           12.41379         0.108538         581            21.49464       0.07068

                ***Total***   ***145***    ***100***        ***0.874337***   ***2703***     ***100***      ***0.328825***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1971**      APFO          5            3.90625          0.03015          651            22.16547       0.079195

                Other Fed     20           15.625           0.120598         953            **32.44808**   0.115934

                Public        82           **64.0625**      0.494452         1026           **34.93361**   0.124815

                State         21           16.40625         0.126628         307            10.45284       0.037347

                ***Total***   ***128***    ***100***        ***0.771828***   ***2937***     ***100***      ***0.357291***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1972**      APFO          1            0.952381         0.00603          3              0.101351       0.000365

                Other Fed     22           20.95238         0.132658         1346           **45.47297**   0.163743

                Public        63           **60**           0.379884         817            27.60135       0.099389

                State         19           18.09524         0.114568         794            26.82432       0.096591

                ***Total***   ***105***    ***100***        ***0.63314***    ***2960***     ***100***      ***0.360089***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1973**      APFO          0            0                0                0              0              0

                Other Fed     13           18.84058         0.078389         539            **53.26087**   0.06557

                Public        36           **52.17391**     0.217077         357            35.27668       0.04343

                State         20           28.98551         0.120598         116            11.46245       0.014112

                ***Total***   ***69***     ***100***        ***0.416064***   ***1012***     ***100***      ***0.123112***

  **1974**      APFO          0            0                0                0              0              0

                Other Fed     37           14.97976         0.223107         2475           **69.54201**   0.301088

                Public        181          **73.27935**     1.091413         797            22.39393       0.096956

                State         29           11.74089         0.174867         287            8.064063       0.034914

                ***Total***   ***247***    ***100***        ***1.489387***   ***3559***     ***100***      ***0.432958***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1975**      APFO          0            0                0                0              0              0

                Other Fed     13           16.4557          0.078389         989            **56.64376**   0.120314

                Public        42           **53.16456**     0.253256         302            17.29668       0.036739

                State         24           30.37975         0.144718         455            26.05956       0.055352

                ***Total***   ***79***     ***100***        ***0.476363***   ***1746***     ***100***      ***0.212404***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1976**      APFO          0            0                0                0              0              0

                Other Fed     26           34.66667         0.156778         1973           **85.33737**   0.240019

                Public        38           **50.66667**     0.229137         227            9.818339       0.027615

                State         11           14.66667         0.066329         112            4.844291       0.013625

                ***Total***   ***75***     ***100***        ***0.452243***   ***2312***     ***100***      ***0.281259***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1977**      APFO          7            5.30303          0.042209         323            25.31348       0.039293

                Other Fed     17           12.87879         0.102508         536            **42.00627**   0.065205

                Public        92           **69.69697**     0.554752         352            27.58621       0.042821

                State         16           12.12121         0.096479         65             5.094044       0.007907

                ***Total***   ***132***    ***100***        ***0.795948***   ***1276***     ***100***      ***0.155228***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1978**      APFO          3            1.298701         0.01809          3              0.085421       0.000365

                Other Fed     31           13.41991         0.186927         1635           **46.55467**   0.198901

                Public        170          **73.59307**     1.025084         1058           30.12528       0.128707

                State         27           11.68831         0.162808         816            23.23462       0.099268

                ***Total***   ***231***    ***100***        ***1.392909***   ***3512***     ***100***      ***0.427241***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1979**      APFO          1                             0.00603          1              0.035727       0.000122

                Other Fed     28           15.64246         0.168837         814            29.08181       0.099024

                Public        135          **75.41899**     0.814038         1771           **63.2726**    0.215445

                State         15           8.379888         0.090449         213            7.609861       0.025912

                ***Total***   ***179***    ***100***        ***1.079354***   ***2799***     ***100***      ***0.340503***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1980**      APFO          6            2.307692         0.036179         30             1.117318       0.00365

                Other Fed     26           10               0.156778         254            9.459963       0.0309

                Public        202          **77.69231**     1.218041         1351           **50.31657**   0.164351

                State         26           10               0.156778         1050           39.10615       0.127734

                ***Total***   ***260***    ***100***        ***1.567776***   ***2685***     ***100***      ***0.326635***

  **1981**      APFO          4            2.919708         0.02412          4              0.160966       0.000487

                Other Fed     39           28.46715         0.235166         1415           **56.94165**   0.172137

                Public        69           **50.36496**     0.416064         606            24.38632       0.073721

                State         25           18.24818         0.150748         460            18.51107       0.05596

                ***Total***   ***137***    ***100***        ***0.826097***   ***2485***     ***100***      ***0.302304***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1982**      APFO          0            0                0                0              0              0

                Other Fed     16           26.22951         0.096479         378            **40.64516**   0.045984

                Public        34           **55.7377**      0.205017         337            **36.23656**   0.040997

                State         11           18.03279         0.066329         215            23.11828       0.026155

                ***Total***   ***61***     ***100***        ***0.367824***   ***930***      ***100***      ***0.113136***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1983**      APFO          2            1.754386         0.01206          6              0.293686       0.00073

                Other Fed     30           26.31579         0.180897         1405           **68.77141**   0.170921

                Public        62           **54.38596**     0.373854         491            24.03328       0.059731

                State         20           17.54386         0.120598         141            6.901615       0.017153

                ***Total***   ***114***    ***100***        ***0.68741***    ***2043***     ***100***      ***0.248534***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1984**      APFO          1            1.886792         0.00603          1              0.060938       0.000122

                Other Fed     13           24.5283          0.078389         333            20.2925        0.04051

                Public        24           **45.28302**     0.144718         309            18.82998       0.03759

                State         15           28.30189         0.090449         998            **60.81658**   0.121408

                ***Total***   ***53***     ***100***        ***0.319585***   ***1641***     ***100***      ***0.19963***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1985**      APFO          4            3.960396         0.02412          47             3.939648       0.005718

                Other Fed     11           10.89109         0.066329         32             2.682313       0.003893

                Public        72           **71.28713**     0.434153         839            **70.32691**   0.102066

                State         14           13.86139         0.084419         275            23.05113       0.033454

                ***Total***   ***101***    ***100***        ***0.609021***   ***1193***     ***100***      ***0.14513***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1986**      APFO          0            0                0                0              0              0

                Other Fed     1            16.66667         0.00603          132            **66**         0.016058

                Public        4            **66.66667**     0.02412          67             33.5           0.008151

                State         1            16.66667         0.00603          1              0.5            0.000122

                ***Total***   ***6***      ***100***        *0.036179*       ***200***      ***100***      ***0.02433***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1987**      APFO          11           4.661017         0.066329         19             1.078932       0.002311

                Other Fed     47           19.91525         0.283406         656            **37.25156**   0.079804

                Public        154          **65.25424**     0.928606         825            **46.84838**   0.100363

                State         24           10.16949         0.144718         261            14.82112       0.031751

                ***Total***   ***236***    ***100***        ***1.423058***   ***1761***     ***100***      ***0.214229***

                                                                                                           

  **1988**      APFO          9            2.866242         0.054269         44             2.132816       0.005353

                Other Fed     113          35.98726         0.68138          966            **46.82501**   0.117516

                Public        178          **56.6879**      1.073324         627            30.39263       0.076276

                State         14           4.458599         0.084419         426            20.64954       0.051824

                ***Total***   ***314***    ***100***        ***1.893391***   ***2063***     ***100***      ***0.250967***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1989**      APFO          2            0.598802         0.01206          2              0.098232       0.000243

                Other Fed     95           28.44311         0.572841         1130           **55.50098**   0.137466

                Public        226          **67.66467**     1.362759         776            38.11395       0.094402

                State         11           3.293413         0.066329         128            6.286837       0.015571

                ***Total***   ***334***    ***100***        ***2.013989***   ***2036***     ***100***      ***0.247683***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1990**      APFO          1            0.154321         0.00603          247            5.796761       0.030048

                Other Fed     164          25.30864         0.988905         2283           **53.57897**   0.277731

                Public        452          **69.75309**     2.725519         1461           34.28773       0.177733

                State         31           4.783951         0.186927         270            6.336541       0.032846

                ***Total***   ***648***    ***100***        ***3.907381***   ***4261***     ***100***      ***0.518358***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1991**      APFO          4            0.671141         0.02412          19             0.262105       0.002311

                Other Fed     284          **47.65101**     1.712494         5652           **77.96938**   0.687575

                Public        291          **48.8255**      1.754703         1194           16.47124       0.145252

                State         17           2.852349         0.102508         384            5.297282       0.046714

                ***Total***   ***596***    ***100***        ***3.593825***   ***7249***     ***100***      ***0.881853***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1992**      APFO          6            0.674916         0.036179         91             2.125175       0.01107

                Other Fed     237          26.65917         1.429088         1805           42.1532        0.219581

                Public        620          **69.74128**     3.738543         2161           **50.46707**   0.262889

                State         26           2.924634         0.156778         225            5.254554       0.027372

                ***Total***   ***889***    ***100***        ***5.360589***   ***4282***     ***100***      ***0.520913***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1993**      APFO          5            0.778816         0.03015          15             0.132485       0.001825

                Other Fed     265          41.27726         1.597926         8862           **78.27239**   1.078077

                Public        350          **54.51713**     2.110468         1953           17.2496        0.237586

                State         22           3.426791         0.132658         492            4.345522       0.059853

                ***Total***   ***642***    ***100***        ***3.871201***   ***11322***    ***100***      ***1.37734***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1994**      APFO          37           3.760163         0.223107         249            2.453202       0.030291

                Other Fed     203          20.63008         1.224071         4580           **45.12315**   0.557165

                Public        722          **73.37398**     4.353594         4520           **44.53202**   0.549866

                State         22           2.235772         0.132658         801            7.891626       0.097443

                ***Total***   ***984***    ***100***        ***5.93343***    ***10150***    ***100***      ***1.234765***

  **1995**      APFO          36           2.769231         0.217077         316            2.764654       0.038442

                Other Fed     253          19.46154         1.525567         6676           **58.4077**    0.812147

                Public        982          **75.53846**     5.92137          3383           29.59755       0.411548

                State         29           2.230769         0.174867         1055           9.230096       0.128343

                ***Total***   ***1300***   ***100***        ***7.838881***   ***11430***    ***100***      ***1.390479***

                                                                                                           

  **1996**      APFO          26           2.716823         0.156778         474            2.333826       0.057663

                Other Fed     269          28.10867         1.622045         13423          **66.0906**    1.632931

                Public        632          **66.03971**     3.810902         2549           12.55047       0.31009

                State         30           3.134796         0.180897         3864           19.02511       0.470062

                ***Total***   ***957***    ***100***        ***5.770622***   ***20310***    ***100***      ***2.470746***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1997**      APFO          95           9.396637         0.572841         5541           15.75311       0.674072

                Other Fed     126          12.46291         0.759768         17654          **50.19048**   2.147639

                Public        745          **73.68942**     4.492282         2798           7.954739       0.340381

                State         45           4.451039         0.271346         9181           26.10167       1.116884

                ***Total***   ***1011***   ***100***        ***6.096237***   ***35174***    ***100***      ***4.278977***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1998**      APFO          63           6.666667         0.379884         5320           14.43769       0.647187

                Other Fed     219          23.1746          1.32055          23909          **64.88548**   2.90857

                Public        612          **64.7619**      3.690304         3691           10.01683       0.449016

                State         51           5.396825         0.307525         3928           10.66001       0.477848

                ***Total***   ***945***    ***100***        ***5.698263***   ***36848***    ***100***      ***4.482621***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **1999**      APFO          67           13.16306         0.404004         11351          40.44251       1.380868

                Other Fed     96           18.86051         0.578871         13435          **47.8676**    1.63439

                Public        314          **61.68959**     1.893391         2301           8.19824        0.279921

                State         32           6.286837         0.192957         980            3.491645       0.119219

                ***Total***   ***509***    ***100***        ***3.069223***   ***28067***    ***100***      ***3.414398***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **2000**      APFO          92           18.29026         0.554752         16435          28.48354       1.999346

                Other Fed     130          25.84493         0.783888         35524          **61.56672**   4.321555

                Public        340          **67.59443**     2.050169         2549           4.417678       0.31009

                State         31           6.163022         0.186927         3192           5.532062       0.388312

                ***Total***   ***593***    ***117.8926***   ***3.575736***   ***57700***    ***100***      ***7.019302***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **2001**      APFO          296          **39.67828**     1.784853         141459         **62.67595**   17.20873

                Other Fed     233          31.23324         1.404969         72342          32.05242       8.800527

                Public        190          25.46917         1.145683         10726          4.752347       1.304836

                State         27           3.619303         0.162808         1172           0.519276       0.142576

                ***Total***   ***746***    ***100***        ***4.498312***   ***225699***   ***100***      ***27.45666***

                                                                                                           

  **2002**      APFO          121          **44.64945**     0.729619         101748         **66.98972**   12.37782

                Other Fed     69           25.46125         0.416064         49024          32.27684       5.963852

                Public        72           26.56827         0.434153         861            0.566873       0.104742

                State         9            3.321033         0.054269         253            0.166572       0.030778

                ***Total***   ***271***    ***100***        ***1.634105***   ***151886***   ***100***      ***18.47719***

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **2003**      APFO          44           **43.13725**     0.265316         85173          **72.33253**   10.36144

                Other Fed     36           35.29412         0.217077         26271          22.31045       3.195912

                Public        11           10.78431         0.066329         131            0.111251       0.015936

                State         11           10.78431         0.066329         6177           5.245771       0.751442

                **Total**     **102**      **100**          **0.615051**     **117752**     **100**        **14.32473**

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **2004**      APFO          14           24.13793         0.084419         9188           **69.59024**   1.117736

                Other Fed     10           17.24138         0.060299         2345           17.76111       0.285273

                Public        24           **41.37931**     0.144718         1618           12.25479       0.196832

                State         10           17.24138         0.060299         52             0.39385        0.006326

                **Total**     **58**       **100**          **0.349735**     **13203**      **100**        **1.606167**

                                                                                                           

                                                                                                           

  **Unclass**   APFO          2            25               0.01206          159            **52.47525**   0.019343

                Public        2            25               0.01206          2              0.660066       0.000243

                APFO Partner  4            **50**           0.02412          142            **46.86469**   0.017275

                **Total**     **8**        **100**          **0.048239**     **303**        **100**        **0.03686**

                                                                                                           

                              33168                         200              1644038                       200
  ------------- ------------- ------------ ---------------- ---------------- -------------- -------------- ----------------

**Appendix 8:**

**Work Orders by Customers**

**Customer \# Work Orders % WOs \# Unit** % Units

  ------------------------------- ----------- ---------------- ------------ --------------
  APFO Sales                      2           0.01206054       381          0.046349

  APFO BW                         8           0.04824218       290          0.035279

  APFO Color                      42          0.25327142       206          0.02506

  APFO GSB                        175         **1.05529759**   9322         **1.134037**

  APFO Director                   453         **2.7317132**    54370        **6.614202**

  APFO Service Center Support     91          0.54875475       2893         0.351938

  APFO Inspection                 1           0.00603027       1            0.000122

  APFO Contracting                29          0.17487789       539          0.06557

  APFO Contracting Obligations    148         0.89248025       307197       **37.37103**

  APFO Partnership Order          67          0.40402822       7327         0.891342

  US Air Force                    2           0.01206054       11           0.001338

  US Army                         66          0.39799795       2165         0.263376

  US Navy                         2           0.01206054       4            0.000487

  US Department of Agriculture    2           0.01206054       2            0.000243

  Forest Service                  499         **3.00910571**   202604       **24.64712**

  NRCS                            343         **2.06838328**   33080        **4.024238**

  National Agri. Statistical      540         **3.25634686**   9622         **1.170533**
  Service                                                                   

  Farm Service Agency             1340        **8.08056443**   14681        **1.785968**

  NOAA                            7           0.0422119        61           0.007421

  Dept of the Interior            1           0.00603027       4            0.000487

  US Geological Survey            85          0.51257312       12154        **1.478555**

  Fish and Wildlife Service       43          0.25930169       1016         0.123598

  National Park Service           57          0.3437255        2158         0.262524

  Bureau of Indian Affairs        15          0.09045408       4696         0.571276

  Bureau of Reclamation           34          0.20502925       1183         0.143914

  Bureau of Land Management       212         **1.27841766**   23764        **2.890931**

  Department of Justice           16          0.09648435       72           0.008759

  Department of Transportation    4           0.02412109       41           0.004988

  Environmental Protection Agency 223         1.34475065       2204         0.26812

  Tennessee Valley Authority      1           0.00603027       2            0.000243

  Public Non-Federal              10928       **65.898812**    77053        **9.373628**

  Alabama                         20          0.12060544       2602         0.316538

  Alaska                          10          0.06030272       154          0.018734

  Arizona                         24          0.14472653       1711         0.208146

  Arkansas                        18          0.1085449        302          0.036739

  California                      53          0.31960441       2637         0.320796

  Colorado                        68          0.41005849       4557         0.554367

  Connecticut                     2           0.01206054       2            0.000243

  Delaware                        10          0.06030272       17           0.002068

  Florida                         24          0.14472653       1653         0.20109

  Georgia                         13          0.07839354       52           0.006326

  Idaho                           25          0.1507568        301          0.036617

  Illinois                        13          0.07839354       1591         0.193548

  Indiana                         14          0.08442381       258          0.031386

  Iowa                            30          0.18090816       3536         0.43016

  Kansas                          6           0.03618163       86           0.010462

  Kentucky                        12          0.07236326       152          0.018491

  Louisiana                       11          0.06633299       118          0.014355

  Maine                           14          0.08442381       5397         0.656554

  Maryland                        12          0.07236326       594          0.072261

  Massachusetts                   12          0.07236326       175          0.021289

  Michigan                        38          0.22915033       939          0.114231

  Minnesota                       8           0.04824218       10           0.001217

  Mississippi                     27          0.16281734       459          0.055838

  Missouri                        21          0.12663571       116          0.014112

  Montana                         80          0.48242176       3649         0.443907

  Nebraska                        46          0.27739251       6600         0.802901

  Nevada                          5           0.03015136       292          0.035522

  New Hampshire                   19          0.11457517       198          0.024087

  New Jersey                      145         0.87438943       2161         0.262889

  New York                        17          0.10251462       76           0.009246

  North Carolina                  30          0.18090816       2865         0.348532

  North Dakota                    13          0.07839354       147          0.017883

  Ohio                            14          0.08442381       1028         0.125058

  Oklahoma                        11          0.06633299       185          0.022506

  Oregon                          33          0.19899897       1377         0.167514

  Pennsylvania                    18          0.1085449        268          0.032603

  South Carolina                  12          0.07236326       154          0.018734

  South Dakota                    8           0.04824218       26           0.003163

  Tennessee                       9           0.05427245       61           0.007421

  Texas                           42          0.25327142       792          0.096348

  Utah                            102         0.61508774       3461         0.421036

  Virginia                        9           0.05427245       30           0.00365

  Washington                      28          0.16884762       538          0.065449

  West Virginia                   8           0.04824218       10           0.001217

  Wisconsin                       6           0.03618163       1557         0.189412

  Wyoming                         7           0.0422119        22           0.002676

                                                                            

                                                                            

                                  **16583**   **100**          **822019**   **100**

                                                                            

  **Summary:**                    **Work      **% WO**         **Units**    **% Units**
                                  Orders**                                  

  **APFO**                        **1016**    **6.12675632**   **382526**   **46.53493**

  **Federal**                     **3492**    **21.0577097**   **309524**   **37.65412**

  **Public**                      **10928**   **65.898812**    **77053**    **9.373628**

  **States**                      **1147**    **6.91672194**   **52916**    **6.437321**

  **Total**                       **16583**   **100**          **822019**   **100**
  ------------------------------- ----------- ---------------- ------------ --------------

  ------------------------------------------------- ---------------------
  **Largest Customers**                             

  **by Work Order**                                 

  Public Non-Federal                                65.89

  FSA                                               8.08

  NASS                                              3.25

  Forest Service                                    3.01

  APFO Director                                     2.73

  NRCS                                              2.07

  EPA                                               1.34

  BLM                                               1.28

  APFO GSB                                          1.06

                                                    

  **Largest Customers**                             

  **by Units**                                      

                                                    

  APFO Contract Oblig.                              37.37

  Forest Service                                    24.65

  Public Non-Federal                                9.37

  APFO Director                                     6.61

  NRCS                                              4.02

  BLM                                               2.89

  FSA                                               1.79

  NASS                                              1.17

  APFO GSB                                          1.13
  ------------------------------------------------- ---------------------

**Appendix 9**

**Work Orders by Customer**

**1993 - Present**

  ------------------------- -------------- --------------- --------- ----------------
  **Customer**              **\#           **% WO**        **\#      **% Units**
                            WorkOrders**                   Units**   

  APFO Sales                2              0.0246124       381       0.05292813

  APFO BW                   5              0.0615309       38        0.00527892

  APFO Color                26             0.3199606       142       0.0197265

  APFO GSB                  149            **1.8336205**   6281      0.87255016

  APFO Director             406            **4.9963081**   53725     **7.46342263**

  APFO Service Center       90             **1.107556**    2503      0.34771423
  Support                                                            

  APFO Inspection           1              0.0123062       1         0.00013892

  APFO Contracting          28             0.344573        527       0.07321031

  APFO Contracting          148            **1.8213143**   307197    **42.6754964**
  Obligations                                                        

  APFO Partnership Order    47             0.5783904       6775      0.94117614

  US Air Force              1              0.0123062       8         0.00111135

  US Army                   11             0.135368        658       0.09140869

  US Department of          2              0.0246124       2         0.00027784
  Agriculture                                                        

  Forest Service            372            **4.5778981**   196598    **27.3111952**

  NRCS                      132            **1.6244155**   15634     **2.17185946**

  National Agri.            452            **5.5623923**   9262      **1.28666767**
  Statistical Service                                                

  Farm Service Agency       634            **7.8021167**   11242     **1.56172726**

  NOAA                      2              0.0246124       12        0.00166703

  US Geological Survery     55             0.6768398       11303     **1.57020132**

  Fish and Wildlife Service 14             0.1722865       838       0.11641411

  National Park Service     18             0.2215112       1669      0.23185579

  Bureau of Indian Affairs  5              0.0615309       2022      0.28089419

  Bureau of Reclamation     9              0.1107556       814       0.11308006

  Bureau of Land Management 168            **2.0674379**   23364     **3.24570324**

  Department of Justice     5              0.0615309       33        0.00458433

  Department of             2              0.0246124       39        0.00541784
  Transportation                                                     

  Environmental Protection  26             0.3199606       545       0.07571085
  Agency                                                             

  Tennessee Valley          1              0.0123062       2         0.00027784
  Authority                                                          

  Public Non-Federal        4995           **61.469358**   37081     **5.15125499**

  Alabama                   5              0.0615309       2520      0.35007585

  Alaska                    3              0.0369185       52        0.00722379

  Arizona                   11             0.135368        603       0.08376815

  Arkansas                  7              0.0861432       205       0.02847839

  California                13             0.1599803       1088      0.15114386

  Colorado                  22             0.2707359       3641      0.50580404

  Connecticut               1              0.0123062       1         0.00013892

  Delaware                  3              0.0369185       5         0.00069459

  Georgia                   2              0.0246124       12        0.00166703

  Idaho                     4              0.0492247       48        0.00666811

  Illinois                  2              0.0246124       97        0.01347514

  Indiana                   4              0.0492247       147       0.02042109

  Iowa                      4              0.0492247       234       0.03250704

  Kansas                    2              0.0246124       32        0.00444541

  Kentucky                  1              0.0123062       2         0.00027784

  Louisiana                 2              0.0246124       4         0.00055568

  Maine                     3              0.0369185       5383      0.74780091

  Maryland                  7              0.0861432       23        0.00319514

  Massachusetts             1              0.0123062       9         0.00125027

  Michigan                  7              0.0861432       302       0.04195353

  Minnesota                 3              0.0369185       4         0.00055568

  Mississippi               13             0.1599803       162       0.02250488

  Missouri                  4              0.0492247       82        0.01139136

  Montana                   22             0.2707359       2597      0.36077261

  Nebraska                  19             0.2338174       6177      0.85810259

  Nevada                    4              0.0492247       201       0.02792272

  New Hampshire             7              0.0861432       79        0.0109746

  New Jersey                21             0.2584297       667       0.09265896

  New York                  4              0.0492247       29        0.00402865

  North Carolina            25             0.3076544       2781      0.38633371

  North Dakota              2              0.0246124       41        0.00569568

  Ohio                      5              0.0615309       518       0.07196004

  Oklahoma                  4              0.0492247       70        0.00972433

  Oregon                    14             0.1722865       486       0.06751463

  Pennsylvania              1              0.0123062       3         0.00041676

  South Carolina            1              0.0123062       1         0.00013892

  South Dakota              1              0.0123062       2         0.00027784

  Tennessee                 3              0.0369185       9         0.00125027

  Texas                     7              0.0861432       118       0.01639244

  Utah                      33             0.4061039       838       0.11641411

  Virginia                  2              0.0246124       5         0.00069459

  Washington                11             0.135368        381       0.05292813

  West Virginia             4              0.0492247       6         0.00083351

  Wisconsin                 3              0.0369185       1473      0.20462767

  Wyoming                   3              0.0369185       10        0.00138919

                                                                     

                            8126           100             719844    100

                                                                     

  **Summation**                                                      

  **Customer**              **\#           **% WO**        **\#      **% Units**
                            WorkOrders**                   Units**   

  APFO                      902            11.100172       377570    52.4516423

  Other Federal             1909           23.492493       274045    38.0700541

  Public Non-Federal        4995           61.469358       37081     5.15125499

  States                    320            3.9379769       31148     4.32704864

                                                                     

                            8126           100             719844    100

                                                                     
  ------------------------- -------------- --------------- --------- ----------------

  ------------------------- -------------- --------- -------- ------------
  **Main Customers**                                          

  **By Work Orders**                                          

                                                              

  Public Non-Federal        4995           61.47              

  FSA                       634            7.8                

  NASS                      452            5.56               

  APFO Director             406            5                  

  Forest Service            372            4.58               

  BLM                       168            2.07               

  APFO GSB                  149            1.83               

  APFO Contr. Oblig         148            1.82               

  NRCS                      132            1.62               

  APFO SC Support           90             1.12               

                                                              

                                                              

  **Main Customers**                                          

  **by Units**                                                

                                                              

  APFO Contr. Oblig         307197         42.68              69.99

  Forest Service            196598         27.31              For both

  APFO Director             53725          7.46               

  Public                    37081          5.15               

  BLM                       23364          3.25               

  NRCS                      15634          2.17               

  USGS                      11303          1.57               

  FSA                       11242          1.56               

  NASS                      9262           1.29               
  ------------------------- -------------- --------- -------- ------------

**Appendix 10**

**Work Orders by Customer**

**1954-1992**

  ------------------------------ ---------- --------------- ---------- --------------
  APFO BW                        3          0.0354736       252        0.246636

  APFO Color                     16         0.1891924       64         0.062638

  APFO GSB                       26         0.3074376       3041       **2.976266**

  APFO Director                  47         0.5557526       645        0.63127

  APFO Service Center Support    1          0.0118245       390        0.381698

  APFO Contracting               1          0.0118245       12         0.011745

  APFO Partnership Order         20         0.2364905       552        0.54025

  US Air Force                   1          0.0118245       3          0.002936

  US Army                        55         0.6503488       1507       **1.47492**

  US Navy                        2          0.023649        4          0.003915

  Forest Service                 127        **1.5017146**   6006       **5.87815**

  NRCS                           211        **2.4949746**   17446      **17.07463**

  National Agri. Statistical     88         **1.0405581**   360        0.352337
  Service                                                              

  Farm Service Agency            706        **8.348114**    3439       **3.365794**

  NOAA                           5          0.0591226       49         0.047957

  Dept of the Interior           1          0.0118245       4          0.003915

  US Geological Survey           30         0.3547357       851        0.832885

  Fish and Wildlife Service      29         0.3429112       178        0.174211

  National Park Service          39         0.4611564       489        0.478591

  Bureau of Indian Affairs       10         0.1182452       2674       **2.617079**

  Bureau of Reclamation          25         0.2956131       369        0.361145

  Bureau of Land Management      44         0.5202791       400        0.391485

  Department of Justice          11         0.1300698       39         0.03817

  Department of Transportation   2          0.023649        2          0.001957

  Environmental Protection       197        **2.3294312**   1659       **1.623685**
  Agency                                                               

  Public Non-Federal             5933       **70.154901**   39972      **39.12112**

  Alabama                        15         0.1773679       82         0.080254

  Alaska                         7          0.0827717       102        0.099829

  Arizona                        13         0.1537188       1108       **1.084414**

  Arkansas                       11         0.1300698       97         0.094935

  California                     40         0.472981        1549       **1.516026**

  Colorado                       46         0.5439281       916        0.896501

  Connecticut                    1          0.0118245       1          0.000979

  Delaware                       7          0.0827717       12         0.011745

  Florida                        24         0.2837886       1653       **1.617813**

  Georgia                        11         0.1300698       40         0.039149

  Idaho                          21         0.248315        253        0.247614

  Illinois                       11         0.1300698       1494       **1.462197**

  Indiana                        10         0.1182452       111        0.108637

  Iowa                           26         0.3074376       3302       **3.23171**

  Kansas                         4          0.0472981       54         0.052851

  Kentucky                       11         0.1300698       150        0.146807

  Louisiana                      9          0.1064207       114        0.111573

  Maine                          11         0.1300698       14         0.013702

  Maryland                       5          0.0591226       571        0.558845

  Massachusetts                  11         0.1300698       166        0.162466

  Michigan                       31         0.3665602       637        0.62344

  Minnesota                      5          0.0591226       6          0.005872

  Mississippi                    14         0.1655433       297        0.290678

  Missouri                       17         0.2010169       34         0.033276

  Montana                        58         0.6858224       1052       **1.029606**

  Nebraska                       27         0.3192621       423        0.413996

  Nevada                         1          0.0118245       91         0.089063

  New Hampshire                  12         0.1418943       119        0.116467

  New Jersey                     124        **1.466241**    1494       **1.462197**

  New York                       13         0.1537188       47         0.046

  North Carolina                 4          0.0472981       84         0.082212

  North Dakota                   12         0.1418943       106        0.103744

  Ohio                           9          0.1064207       510        0.499144

  Oklahoma                       7          0.0827717       115        0.112552

  Oregon                         19         0.224666        891        0.872033

  Pennsylvania                   17         0.2010169       265        0.259359

  South Carolina                 11         0.1300698       153        0.149743

  South Dakota                   7          0.0827717       24         0.023489

  Tennessee                      6          0.0709471       52         0.050893

  Texas                          35         0.4138583       674        0.659653

  Utah                           69         0.8158922       2623       **2.567164**

  Virginia                       7          0.0827717       25         0.024468

  Washington                     17         0.2010169       157        0.153658

  West Virginia                  4          0.0472981       4          0.003915

  Wisconsin                      3          0.0354736       84         0.082212

  Wyoming                        4          0.0472981       12         0.011745

                                                                       

                                 8457       100             102175     100

                                                                       

  **Summation**                  **\# Work  **% WO**        **\#       **% Units**
                                 Orders**                   Units**    

  APFO                           114        1.35            4956       4.85

  Federal                        1583       18.72           35479      **34.72**

  Public Non-Federal             5933       **70.15**       39972      **39.12**

  States                         827        9.78            21768      21.31

                                                                       

  Total                          8457       100.00          102175     100

                                                                       
  ------------------------------ ---------- --------------- ---------- --------------

  ------------------------------ ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------
  **Largest Customers**                                            

  **by Work Orders**                                               

                                                                   

  Public                         5933       **70.15**              

  FSA                            706        8.35                   

  NRCS                           211        2.49                   

  EPA                            197        2.33                   

  Forest Service                 127        1.5                    

  New Jersey                     124        1.47                   

  NASS                           88         1.04                   

                                                                   

                                                                   

  **Largest Customers**                                            

  **by Units**                                                     

                                                                   

  Public Non-Federal             39972      **39.12**              

  NRCS                           17446      17.07                  

  Forest Service                 6006       5.88                   

  FSA                            3439       3.37                   

  Iowa                           3302       3.23                   

  APFO GSB                       3041       2.98                   

  BIA                            2674       2.62                   

  Utah                           2623       2.57                   

  EPA                            1659       1.62                   

  Florida                        1653       1.61                   

  California                     1549       1.51                   

  U.S. Army                      1507       1.47                   

  New Jersey                     1494       1.46                   

  Illinois                       1494       1.46                   

  Arizona                        1108       1.08                   

  Montana                        1052       1.03                   
  ------------------------------ ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------

**Appendix 12:**

**Digital Work Orders**

**Without APFO and FSA**

  ------------------------------- --------- -------------- ---------- --------------
  US Army                         1         0.175131       1          0.011348

  Forest Service                  7         **1.225919**   278        **3.154789**

  NRCS                            2         0.350263       41         0.465275

  National Agri. Statistical      3         0.525394       4          0.045393
  Service                                                             

  Fish and Wildlife Service       8         **1.401051**   1676       **19.01952**

  National Park Service           6         **1.050788**   125        **1.41852**

  Bureau of Indian Affairs        9         **1.576182**   108        **1.225601**

  Bureau of Reclamation           2         0.350263       3          0.034044

  Bureau of Land Management       6         **1.050788**   18         0.204267

  Smithsonian Institute           1         0.175131       1          0.011348

  Office of Surface Mining        1         0.175131       110        **1.248298**

  Environmental Protection Agency 2         0.350263       3          0.034044

  Public Non-Federal              363       **63.57268**   3041       **34.50976**

  California                      6         1.050788       14         0.158874

  Idaho                           1         0.175131       1          0.011348

  Illinois                        2         0.350263       6          0.068089

  Iowa                            1         0.175131       131        **1.486609**

  Kansas                          108       **18.91419**   225        **2.553336**

  Kentucky                        1         0.175131       1          0.011348

  Minnesota                       9         1.576182       1034       **11.734**

  Missouri                        2         0.350263       142        **1.611439**

  North Dakota                    4         0.700525       22         0.24966

  Oklahoma                        3         0.525394       80         0.907853

  Oregon                          2         0.350263       4          0.045393

  Rhode Island                    1         0.175131       113        1.282342

  South Dakota                    3         0.525394       8          0.090785

  Utah                            5         0.875657       788        **8.942351**

  Vermont                         1         0.175131       805        **9.13527**

  Virginia                        1         0.175131       1          0.011348

  Washington                      4         0.700525       19         0.215615

  Wisconsin                       6         **1.050788**   9          0.102133

                                            0                         0

                                  571       100            8812       100

                                                                      

  **Summation**                                                       

  Other Federal                   48        8.406305       2368       26.87245

  Public                          363       63.57268       3041       34.50976

  States                          160       28.02102       3403       38.61779

  **Total**                       **571**   **100**        **8812**   **100**
  ------------------------------- --------- -------------- ---------- --------------

  ------------------------------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
  **Largest Customers**                                          

  **by Work Orders**                                             

                                                                 

  Public Non-Federal              363       63.57                

  Kansas                          108       18.91                

  Bureau of Indian Affairs        9         1.58                 

  Fish and Wildlife Service       8         1.4                  

  Forest Service                  7         1.23                 

  Wisconsin                       6         1.05                 

  National Park Service           6         1.05                 

  Bureau of Land Management       6         1.05                 

                                                                 

                                                                 

  **Largest Customers**                                          

  **by Units**                                                   

                                                                 

  Public Non-Federal              3041      34.51                

  Fish and Wildlife Service       1676      19.02                

  Minnesota                       1034      11.73                

  Vermont                         805       9.14                 

  Utah                            788       8.94                 

  Forest Service                  278       3.15                 

  Kansas                          225       2.55                 

  Missouri                        142       1.61                 

  Iowa                            131       1.49                 

  National Park Service           125       1.42                 

  Office of Surface Mining        110       1.25                 

  Bureau of Indian Affairs        108       1.23                 
  ------------------------------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------