**NWCG FIRELINE HANDBOOK**

**APPENDIX B**

**FIRE BEHAVIOR**

**OCTOBER, 1993**

**NFES 2165**

**Additional copies of this publication may be ordered from:**

**National Interagency Fire Center**

**ATTN: Supply**

**3833 S. Development Avenue**

**Boise, Idaho 83705**

**Order NFES #2165**

CONTENTS

PURPOSE 4

FIRE BEHAVIOR WORKSHEETS 5

> INPUT 0--Projection Point 10
>
> INPUT 1--Selecting a Fuel Model 10
>
> Fire Behavior Fuel Model Key 12
>
> Fire Behavior Fuel Model Descriptions 16
>
> Grass Group 16
>
> Shrub Group 17
>
> Timber Litter Group 18
>
> Logging Slash Group 19
>
> TABLE 1--Description of Fuel Models 21
>
> INPUT 2--Fine Dead Fuel Moisture (1-H FDFM) 22
>
> TABLE 2--Reference Fuel Moisture, Day (0800-1959) 25
>
> TABLE 3--Dead Fuel Moisture Content Corrections,
>
> Day (0800-1959) May, June, July 26
>
> TABLE 4--Dead Fuel Moisture Content Corrections,
>
> Day (0800-1759) February, March, April, August,
>
> September, October 27
>
> TABLE 5--Fine Dead Fuel Moisture Content Corrections,
>
> Day (0800-1759) November, December, January 28
>
> INPUT 3--Live Fuel Moisture (LFM) Fuel Models
>
> 2, 4, 5, 7 and 10 29
>
> TABLE 6--Live Fuel (Foliage) Moisture Content % 29
>
> INPUT 4--Midflame Windspeed (MFWS) 30
>
> DIAGRAM 1 -- 20-Foot Windspeed Adjusted to
>
> Midflame Windspeed Based on Overstory 32
>
> TABLE 7--Wind Adjustment Table 33
>
> TABLE 8--Modified Beaufort Scale for Estimating
>
> 20-Foot Windspeed 34
>
> INPUT 5--Slope (SLP) 35
>
> Slope Determination Process 35
>
> TABLE 9--Map Scale Conversion Factors 36
>
> INPUT 6--Effective Windspeed (EWS) 37

CONTENTS (Continued)

FIRE BEHAVIOR OUTPUTS

> OUTPUT 1--Rate of Spread 38
>
> OUTPUT 2--Heat Per Unit Area 38
>
> OUTPUT 3--Fireline Intensity 38
>
> OUTPUT 4--Flame Length 38
>
> OUTPUT 5--Spread Distance 38
>
> OUTPUT 6/7--Projected Fire Perimeter and Area 40
>
> TABLE 10--Perimeter Estimations for Point Source Fires 41
>
> TABLE 11--Area Estimations for Point Source Fires 44
>
> DIAGRAM 2--Approximate Fire Shapes for Various
>
> Effective Windspeeds 47
>
> OUTPUT 8--Maximum Spotting Distance 48
>
> NOMOGRAM 1--Flame Height 50
>
> NOMOGRAM 2--Flame Duration 51
>
> NOMOGRAM 3--Ratio of Lofted Firebrand Height to
>
> Flame Height 52
>
> NOMOGRAM 4--Maximum Spotting Distance 53
>
> OUTPUT 9--Probability of Ignition 54
>
> TABLE 12--Probability of Ignition Table 55

INTERPRETATION OF FIRE BEHAVIOR INFORMATION

> TABLE 13--Fire Severity Related to Fuel Moisture Chart 56
>
> DIAGRAM 3--Fire Behavior Characteristics Chart
>
> (Light Fuel) 57
>
> DIAGRAM 4--Fire Behavior Characteristics Chart
>
> (Heavy Fuel) 58
>
> TABLE 14--Fire Suppression Interpretations 59
>
> SAFETY AND FIRE BEHAVIOR 61
>
> Look Up/Look Down/Look Around 62
>
> TABLES 15 through 78--Rate of Spread and Flame
>
> Length Tables by Fuel Type and Percent Slope 64

**PURPOSE**

The purpose of this appendix is to provide some basic fire behavior
information that will enable a person with a moderate level of fire
behavior training (S-390) to predict and calculate some basic elements
of fire behavior and fire size.

Information in this appendix will provide the qualified user with the
means to:

> • Predict rate of spread (ROS) and flame length (FL) for each Fire
> Behavior Fuel Model based on the 1-hour timelag dead fuel moisture,
> live fuel moisture for Fuel Models 2, 4, 5, 7 and 10, midflame
> windspeed and percent slope.
>
> • Estimate the area and perimeter of a fire, given inputs of spread
> distance (rate of spread x time) and midflame windspeed.
>
> • Predict maximum spotting distance and probability of ignition.
>
> • Provide worksheets for fire behavior prediction.

The Fire Behavior Worksheet is on page B-5. Other worksheets that help
track fire behavior input and output date (Fine Dead Fuel
Moisture/Probability of Ignition, Wind Adjustment, Slope, Map-Spread,
Size, Spotting, and Map-Spot) are provided on pages B-6 through B-9.
Pages B-10 through B-37 go over the six required input items on the Fire
Behavior Worksheet and B-38 through B-55 cover the output items.

FIRE BEHAVIOR WORKSHEET

NAME OF FIRE \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_FIRE PRED
SPEC\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

DATE\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
TIME\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

PROJ PERIOD DATE\_\_\_\_\_\_\_PROJ TIME FROM \_\_\_\_\_TO\_\_\_\_

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 PP PROJECTION POINT \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

1 MODEL# FUEL MODEL NUMB (1-13) \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

2 1H-FDFM FINE DEAD FUEL MOIST, % \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

3 LFM LIVE FUEL MOISTURE, % \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

4 MFWS MIDFLAME WINDSPD, mi/h \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

5 SLP SLOPE, % \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

6 EWS EFFECTIVE WNDSPD, mi/h \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 ROS RATE OF SPREAD, ch/h \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

2 HA HEAT PER UNIT AREA, \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_ Btu/sq ft

3 FLI FIRELINE INTENSITY, \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_ Btu/ft/s

4 FL FLAME LENGTH, ft \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

5 SD SPREAD DISTANCE, ch \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_ MAP SPREAD DIST, in

6 PER PERIMETER, ch \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

7 AC AREA, ac \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

8 SPOT MAX SPOTTING DIST, mi \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_ MAP DIST SPOT, in
\_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

9 PIG PROB OF IGNITION, % \_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_

FINE DEAD FUEL MOISTURE/PROBABILITY OF IGNITION WORKSHEET

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 PP PROJECTION POINT \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

1 D DAY TIME CALCULATION [D]{.underline} [D]{.underline} [D]{.underline}

2 DB DRY BULB TEMP. °F \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

3 WB WET BULB TEMP. °F \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

4 DP DEW POINT, °F \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

5 RH RELATIVE HUMIDITY, % \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

6 RFM REFERENCE FUEL \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ MOIST, % (TABLE 2)

7 MO MONTH \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

8 SH UNSHADED (U) [U/S]{.underline} [U/S]{.underline} [U/S]{.underline}
SHADED (S)

9 T TIME \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

10 CH ELEVATION CHANGE [B/L/A]{.underline} [B/L/A]{.underline}
[B/L/A]{.underline}

> B=1000′ to 2000′ below site
>
> L=[+]{.underline}1000′ of site location
>
> A=1000′ to 2000′ above site

11 ASP ASPECT, (N, E, S, W) \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

12 SLP SLOPE, % \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

13 FMC FUEL MOIST CORRECT, % \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ (TABLE 3, 4, OR
5)

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 1H- FINE DEAD FUEL MOIST, % \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ FDFM (line 6 +
line 13)

2 PIG PROB OF IGNITION, % \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ (TABLE 12)

WIND ADJUSTMENT WORKSHEET

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 PP PROJECTION POINT \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

1 20′ W 20-FT WINDSPEED, mi/h \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

2 MODEL \# FUEL MODEL \# (1-13) \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

3 SHLTR WIND SHELTERING \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

1=Unsheltered

2=Partially Sheltered

3=Fully Sheltered, Open

4=Fully Sheltered, Closed

4 WAF WIND ADJUST FACTOR \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ (TABLE 7)

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 MFWS MIDFLAME WNDSPD, mi/h \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ (line 1 x line
4)

SLOPE WORKSHEET

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 PP PROJECTION POINT \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

1 CON INT CONTOUR INTERVAL \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

2 SLC MAP SCALE \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

3 CF CONVERSION FACTOR, \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ ft/in

4 \# INTVLS \# CONTOUR INTERVALS \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

5 RISE RISE IN ELEVATION \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

6 MD MAP DISTANCE, in \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ (Between Points)

7 HZGD HORIZ GROUND DIST, ft \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 SLP % SLOPE, % \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

MAP-SPREAD WORKSHEET

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 PP PROJECTION POINT \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

1 ROS RATE OF SPREAD, ch/h \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

2 PT PROJECTION TIME, hr \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

3 SDCH SPREAD DISTANCE, ch \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ (line 1 x line 2)

4 SDFT SPREAD DISTANCE, ft \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ (line 3 x 66
ft/ch)

5 SCL MAP SCALE \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

6 CF CONVERSION FACTOR, \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ ft/in (See Map Scale
Conversion)

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 MD MAP SPREAD DIST, in \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ (line 4 divided by
line 6)

SIZE WORKSHEET

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 PP PROJECTION POINT \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

1 ROS RATE OF SPREAD, ch/h \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

2 EWS EFFECTIVE WINDSPD, mi/h \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

3 PT PROJECTION TIME, hr \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

4 SD SPREAD DISTANCE, ch \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ (line 1 x line 3 =
line 4)

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 PER PERIMETER, ch \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

2 AC AREA, ac \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

![](media/image1.png){width="3.3722222222222222in"
height="2.5in"}SPOTTING WORKSHEET

MAP-SPOT WORKSHEET

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 PP PROJECTION POINT \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

1 SPOTMI SPOTTING DISTANCE, mi \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

2 SPOTFT SPOTTING DISTANCE, ft \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ (line 1 x
5,280 ft)

3 SCL MAP SCALE \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

4 CF CONVERSION FACTOR, \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ ft/in

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 SPOT MAP DISTANCE SPOT, in \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ (line 2 divided
by line 4)

COMPLETING THE FIRE BEHAVIOR WORKSHEET

**INPUT 0: Projection Point (PP)**

Assign a number or letter to **designate the projection point location
and enter as Input 0 on the Fire Behavior Worksheet on page B-5**.

**INPUT 1: Fuel Model (Model #)**

• Using the guidelines below, proceed through the fuel model key and
descriptions which follow and **select a fuel model and enter as Input 1
on the Fire Behavior Worksheet on page B-5.**

• Determine the **primary carrier** of fire.

• Determine which stratum of the surface fuels is most likely to carry
the spreading fire (grass, needle litter, leaves, logging slash, etc.).

• Determine the appropriate fuel group/general vegetation type; i.e.,
Grass (Models 1-3), Shrub (Models 4-7), Timber Litter (Models 8-10), or
Logging Slash (Models 11-13).

• Using the fuel model key, determine the appropriate fuel model.

• Go to the fuel model description and determine if it fits.

• If yes, use it and enter into Input 1 on the Fire Behavior Worksheet.

• If no, find another that more closely fits your situation.

• The fuel models used here are those used by Albini (1976)¹ to develop
the nomograms published in his paper **Estimating Wildfire Behavior and
Effects**. There are 13 models which are called the **Fire Behavior Fuel
Models**.

¹Albini Frank A.; **Estimating Wildfire Behavior and Effects**. Gen.
Tech. Report INT-30; 1976.

> They are tuned to the fine fuels that carry the fire and thus describe
> the conditions at the head of the fire or the flaming front. These
> models are designed to give predictions for fire spread at a steady
> rate. It is important to recognize that rate of spread (ROS) and flame
> length (FL) predictions are estimates and the actual ROS and FL may
> vary considerably from the predicted.

• Assessment of fire behavior is simpler if a single fuel model is used
to describe the fuels in the area. In fact, as experience is gained by
observation of fires and estimating their behavior, it is possible to
pick the fuel model not only by its description of physical vegetation,
but also by its known fire behavior characteristics.

> **Examples**: The fire may be in timbered area, but the timber is
> relatively open and dead grass, not needle litter, is the stratum
> carrying the fire. In this case, Fuel Model 2, which is not listed as
> a timber model, should be considered, or
>
> In the same area if the grass is sparse and there is no wind or slope,
> the needle litter would be the stratum carrying the fire and Fuel
> Model 9 would be the better choice.

• Determine the general depth and compactness of the fuel. This
information will be needed when using the fuel model key. There are very
important considerations when matching fuels, particularly in the grass
and timber types.

• Determine which fuel models are present and what their influence on
fire behavior is expected to be.

> **Example**: Green fuel may be present, but will it play a significant
> role in fire behavior? Large fuels may be present, but are they sound,
> or decaying and breaking up? Do they have limbs and twigs attached or
> are they bare cylinders? Look for the fine fuels and choose a model
> that represents their depth, compactness, and to some extent, the
> amount of live fuel and its contribution to fire. Do not be restricted
> by the model name or the original intended application.

FIRE BEHAVIOR FUEL MODEL KEY¹

I. **PRIMARY CARRIER OF THE FIRE IS GRASS**. Expected rate of spread is
moderate to high, with low to moderate fireline intensity (flame
length).

> A. Grass is fine structured, generally below knee level, and cured or
> primarily dead. Grass is essentially continuous. SEE THE DESCRIPTION
> OF MODEL 1.
>
> B. Grass is coarse structured, above knee level (averaging about 3
> ft.) and is difficult to walk through. SEE THE DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 3.
>
> C. Grass is usually under an open timber or brush overstory. Litter
> from the overstory is involved, but grass carries the fire. Expected
> spread rate is slower than Fuel Model 1 and intensity is less than
> Fuel Model 3. SEE THE DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 2.

¹ Richard C. Rothermel; **How to Predict the Spread and Intensity of
Forest and Range Fires**. Gen. Tech Report INT-143; June 1983 (NFES
1574).

II\. **PRIMARY CARRIER OF THE FIRE IS SHRUB or LITTER BENEATH SHRUB.**
Expected rates of spread and fireline intensities (flame length) are
moderate to high.

> A. Vegetative type is southern rough or low pocosin. Shrub is
> generally 2 to 4 ft. high. SEE THE DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 7.
>
> B. Live fuels are absent or sparse. Brush averages 2 to 4 ft. in
> height. Brush requires moderate winds to carry fire. SEE THE
> DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 6.
>
> C. Live fuel moisture can have a significant effect on fire behavior.
>
> 1\. Shrub is about 2 ft. high, with light loading of brush litter
> underneath. Litter may carry the fire, especially at low windspeeds.
> SEE THE DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 5.
>
> 2\. Shrub is head-high (6 ft.), with heavy loadings of dead (woody)
> fuel. Very intense fire with high spread rates expected. SEE THE
> DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 4.
>
> 3\. Vegetative type is high pocosin. SEE THE DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 4.

III\. **PRIMARY CARRIER OF THE FIRE IS LITTER BENEATH A TIMBER STAND**.
Spread rates are low to moderate, fireline intensity (flame length) may
be low to high.

> A. Surface fuels are mostly foliage litter. Large fuels are scattered
> and lie on the foliage litter, that is, large fuels are not supported
> above the litter by their branches. Green fuels are scattered enough
> to be insignificant to fire behavior.
>
> 1\. Dead foliage is tightly compacted, short needle (2 inches or less)
> conifer litter or hardwood litter. SEE THE DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 8.
>
> 2\. Dead foliage litter is loosely compacted long needle pine or
> hardwoods. SEE THE DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 9.
>
> B. There is a significant amount of larger fuels with attached
> branches and twigs, or it has rotted enough that it is splintered and
> broken. The larger fuels are fairly well distributed over the area.
> Some green fuel may be present. Overall depth of the fuel is primarily
> below the knees, but some fuel may be higher. SEE THE DESCRIPTION OF
> MODEL 10.

IV\. **PRIMARY CARRIER OF THE FIRE IS LOGGING SLASH.** Spread rates are
low to high, fireline intensities (flame lengths) are low to very high.

> A. Slash is aged and overgrown.
>
> 1\. Slash is from hardwood trees. Leaves have fallen and cured.
> Considerable vegetation (tall weeds) has grown in amid the slash and
> has cured or dried out. SEE THE DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 6.
>
> 2\. Slash is from conifers. Needles have fallen and considerable
> vegetation (tall weeds and some shrubs) has overgrown the slash. SEE
> THE DESCRIPTIONOF MODEL 10.
>
> B. Slash is fresh (0-3 years) and not overly compacted.
>
> 1\. Slash is not continuous. Needle litter or small amounts of grass
> or shrubs must be present to help carry the fire, but primary carrier
> is still slash. Live fuels are absent or do not play a significant
> role in fire behavior. The slash depth is about 1 ft. SEE THE
> DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 11.
>
> 2\. Slash generally covers the ground (heavier loadings than Model
> 11), though there may be some bare spots or areas of light coverage.
> Average slash depth is about 2 ft. Slash is not excessively compacted.
> Approximately one-half of the needles may still be on the branches but
> are not red. Live fuels are absent, or are not expected to affect fire
> behavior. SEE THE DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 12.
>
> 3\. Slash is continuous or nearly so (heavier loadings than Model 12).
> Slash is not compacted and has an average depth of 3 ft. Approximately
> one-half of the needles are still on the branches and are red, OR all
> the needles are on the branches but they are green. Live fuels are not
> expected to influence fire behavior. SEE THE DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 13.
>
> 4\. Same as 3, EXCEPT all the needles are attached and are red. SEE
> THE DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 4.

FIRE BEHAVIOR FUEL MODEL DESCRIPTIONS²

• Grass Group

> **Fuel Model 1** (1 foot deep) Fire spread is governed by the fine
> herbaceous fuels that have cured or are nearly cured. Fires are
> surface fires that move rapidly through cured grass and associated
> material. Very little shrub or timber is present, generally less than
> one-third of the area.
>
> Grasslands and savanna are represented along with stubble,
> grass-tundra, and grass-shrub combinations that meet the above area
> constraint. Annual and perennial grasses are included in this fuel
> model.
>
> **Fuel Model 2** (1 foot deep) Fire spread is primarily through the
> fine herbaceous fuels, either curing or dead. These are surface fires
> where the herbaceous material, besides litter and dead-down stemwood
> from the open shrub or timer overstory, contribute to the fire
> intensity. Open shrub lands and pine stands or scrub oak stands that
> cover 1/3 to 2/3 of the area may generally fit this model but may
> include clumps of fuels that generate higher intensities and may
> produce firebrands. Some pinyon-juniper may be in this model.
>
> **Fuel Model 3** (2.5 feet deep) Fires in this fuel are the most
> intense of the grass group and display high rates of spread under the
> influence of wind. The fire may be driven into the upper heights of
> the grass stand by the wind and cross over standing water. Stands are
> tall, averaging about 3 feet, but considerable variation may occur.
> Approximately one-third or more of the stand is considered dead or
> cured and maintains the fire.

² Anderson, Hal E.; **Aids to Determining Fuel Models for Estimating
Fire Behavior.** Gen. Tech Report INT-122, 1982.

• Shrub Group

> **Fuel Model 4** (6 feet deep) Fire intensity and fast spreading fires
> involve the foliage and live and dead fine woody materials in the
> crowns of a nearly continuous secondary overstory. Examples are stands
> of mature shrub, 6 or more feet tall, such as California mixed
> chaparral, the high pocosins along the east coast, the pine barrens of
> New Jersey or the closed jack pine stands of the north-central states.
> Besides flammable foliage, there is dead woody material in the stand
> that significantly contributes to the fire intensity. Height of stands
> qualifying for this model vary with local conditions. There may be
> also a deep litter layer that confounds suppression efforts.
>
> **Fuel Model 5** (2 feet deep) Fire is generally carried in the
> surface fuels made up of litter cast by the shrubs and the grasses or
> forbs in the understory. Fires are generally not very intense as
> surface fuel loads are light, the shrubs are young with little dead
> material, and the foliage contains little volatile material. Shrubs
> are generally not tall, but nearly cover the entire area. Young, green
> stands with little or no deadwood such as laurel, vine maple, alder,
> or even chaparral, manzanita, or chamise are examples. As the shrub
> fuel moisture drops, consider using a Fuel Model 6.
>
> **Fuel Model 6** (2.5 feet deep) Fires carry through the shrub layer
> where the foliage is more flammable than Fuel Model 5, but require
> moderate winds (\>8 mi/h) at midflame height. Fire will drop to the
> ground at low windspeeds or openings in the stand. Shrubs are older,
> but not as tall as shrub types of Model 4, nor do they contain as much
> fuel as Model 4. A broad range of shrub conditions is covered by this
> model. Typical examples include intermediate stands of chamise,
> chaparral, oak brush, low pocosins, Alaskan spruce taiga, and shrub
> tundra. Cured hardwood slash can be considered. Pinyon-juniper
> shrublands may fit, but may overpredict rate of spread except at high
> winds (20 mi/h at the 20-foot level).
>
> **Fuel Model 7** (2.5 feet deep) Fire burns through the surface and
> shrub strata equally. Fire can occur at higher dead fuel moisture
> contents due to the flammable nature of live foliage. Shrubs are
> generally 2 to 6 feet high. Examples are Palmetto-gallberry
> understory-pine overstory sites, low pocosins, and Alaska Black
> Spruce-shrub combinations.

• Timber Litter Group

> **Fuel Model 8** (0.2 foot deep) Slow burning ground fires with low
> flame heights are generally the case, although an occasional "jackpot"
> or heavy fuel concentration may cause a flare up. Only under severe
> weather conditions do these fuels pose fire problems. Closed-canopy
> stands of short needle conifers or hardwoods that have leafed out
> support fire in the compact litter layer. This layer is mainly
> needles, leaves, and some twigs since little undergrowth is present in
> the stand. Representative conifer types are white pine, lodgepole
> pine, spruce, true fires, and larches.
>
> **Fuel Model 9** (0.2 foot deep) Fires run through the surface litter
> faster than model 8 and have higher flame height. Both long-needle
> conifer and hardwood stands, especially the oak-hickory types, are
> typical. Fall fires in hardwoods are representative, but high winds
> will actually cause higher rates of spread than predicted because of
> spotting caused by rolling blowing leaves. Closed stands of
> long-needled pine like ponderosa, Jeffrey, and red pines or southern
> pine plantations are grouped in this model. Concentrations of
> dead-down woody material will contribute to possible torching out of
> trees, spotting, and crowning activity.
>
> **Fuel Model 10** (1 foot deep) The fires burn in the surface and
> ground fuels with greater fire intensity than other timber litter
> models. Dead-down fuels include greater quantities of 3-inch or larger
> limb wood resulting from over-maturity or natural events that create a
> large load of dead material on the forest floor. Crowing out,
> spotting, and torching of individual trees are more frequent in this
> fuel situation leading to potential fire control difficulties. Any
> forest type may be considered when heavy down materials are present;
> examples are insect or diseased stands, wind-thrown stands,
> over-mature situations with deadfall, and cured light thinning or
> partial-cut slash.

• Logging Slash Group

> **Fuel Model 11**¹ (1 foot deep) Fires are fairly active in the slash
> and herbaceous material intermixed with the slash. The spacing of the
> rather light fuel load, shading from overstory, or the aging of the
> fine fuels can contribute to limiting the fire potential. Light
> partial cuts or thinning operations in mixed conifer stands, hardwood
> stands, and southern pine harvests are considered. Clear-cut
> operations generally produce more slash than represented here. The \<3
> inch material load is less than 12 tons per acre. The \>3 inch
> material is represented by not more than 10 pieces, 4 inches in
> diameter along a 50-foot transect.
>
> **Fuel Model 12**¹ (2.3 feet deep) Rapidly spreading fires with high
> intensities capable of generating firebrands can occur. When fire
> starts, it is generally sustained until a fuel break or change in
> fuels is encountered. The visual impression is dominated by slash and
> much of it is \<3 inches in diameter. These fuels total less than 35
> tons per acre and seem well distributed. Heavily thinned conifer
> stands, clear-cuts and medium or heavy partial cuts are represented.
> The \>3 inch material is represented by encountering 11 pieces, 6
> inches in diameter, along a 50-foot transect.

¹ When working in Fuel Model 11 or 12 with significant "red" needles
attached to limbs, consider using the next heavier model. For example:
Fuel Model 11 with "red" needles, use Fuel Model 12.

> **Fuel Model 13**² (3 feet deep) Fire is generally carried by a
> continuous layer of slash. Large quantities of \>3 inch material are
> present. Fires spread quickly through the fine fuels and intensity
> builds up as the large fuels start burning. Active flaming is
> sustained for long periods and a wide variety of firebrands can be
> generated. These contribute to spotting problems as the weather
> conditions become more severe. Clear-cut and heavy partial-cuts in
> mature and over-mature stands are depicted where the slash load is
> dominated by the \>3 inch material. The total load may exceed 300 tons
> per acre, but the \<3 inch fuel is generally only 10 percent of the
> total load. Situations where the slash still has "red" needles
> attached, but the total load is lighter like a Model 12, can be
> represented because of the earlier high intensity and faster rate of
> spread.

² If "red" needles are attached consider using a Fuel Model 4.

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 18%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 18%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fuel Model</td>
<td>Typical Fuel Complex</td>
<td colspan="4"><p>Fuel Loading (T/A)</p>
<p>1-H 10-H 100-H Live</p></td>
<td>Fuel Bed Depth (ft)</td>
<td>Moist. of Extinction Dead Fuels (%)</td>
<td>ROS* ch/h</td>
<td>FL* (ft)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1</td>
<td>Short Grass</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>2</td>
<td>Timber</td>
<td>2.00</td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td>.50</td>
<td>.50</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>3</td>
<td>Tall Grass</td>
<td>3.01</td>
<td>.00</td>
<td>.00</td>
<td>.00</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>104</td>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>4</td>
<td>Chaparral</td>
<td>5.01</td>
<td>4.01</td>
<td>2.00</td>
<td>5.01</td>
<td>6.0</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>19</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>5</td>
<td>Brush</td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td>.50</td>
<td>.00</td>
<td>2.00</td>
<td>2.0</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>6</td>
<td>Dormant brush</td>
<td>1.50</td>
<td>2.50</td>
<td>2.00</td>
<td>.00</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>7</td>
<td>Southern rough</td>
<td>1.13</td>
<td>1.87</td>
<td>1.50</td>
<td>.37</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>8</td>
<td>Closed timber litter</td>
<td>1.50</td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td>2.50</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>9</td>
<td>Hardwood litter</td>
<td>2.92</td>
<td>.41</td>
<td>.15</td>
<td>.00</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>10</td>
<td>Timber</td>
<td>3.01</td>
<td>2.00</td>
<td>5.01</td>
<td>2.00</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>11</td>
<td>Light logging slash</td>
<td>1.50</td>
<td>4.51</td>
<td>5.51</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>12</td>
<td>Medium logging slash</td>
<td>4.01</td>
<td>14.03</td>
<td>16.53</td>
<td>.00</td>
<td>2.3</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>13</td>
<td>Heavy logging slash</td>
<td>7.01</td>
<td>23.04</td>
<td>28.05</td>
<td>.00</td>
<td>3.0</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10"><blockquote>
<p>*ROS and FL are represented under a fine dead fuel moisture of 8%, a
midflame windspeed of 5 mi/h, and live fuel moisture, if present, of
100% (Anderson, 1982).</p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

**INPUT 2: Fine Dead Fuel Moisture (1-H FDFM), %**

Fine Dead Fuel Moisture Content is an important input to fire behavior
predictions. Fuel moisture measurements are difficult to make in the
field; however, estimates can be made from measured or predicted values
of dry bulb temperature and relative humidity.

Due to solar radiation differences that exist between aspect, time of
year, shading, and the adiabatic difference between position on the
slope, it is necessary to calculate an estimate of fuel moisture. This
is necessary as the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) tables
used here were developed for "worst case" conditions (summer, 1400, SW
aspect, open conditions). These predications are for fine, dead forest
fuels. Heavier fuels can be estimated by other means as needed.

Temperature and humidity are predicted for a specific site (projection
point) in relation to a site (site location) where dry bulb temperatures
and relative humidity are measured. Since temperature and relative
humidity change with elevation, it is necessary to estimate these
changes between the projection point and the site location. There are
tables to correct for elevation changes of 0 to 2000 feet above or below
the site location, but a new site location is needed if the elevation
difference between the site location and the projection point exceeds
2000 feet.

Time corrections **cannot** be made. Temperature and relative humidity
must be obtained for the time in question.

The tables may be used to adjust the moisture of fuels in valley bottoms
from conditions measured on the slopes above, but do not use weather
data taken beneath a valley inversion and attempt to interpolate fuel
moistures at drier sites upslope. The corrections are too large and
uncertain, and you may get meaningless results.

To use the Fine Dead Fuel Moisture/Probability of Ignition Worksheet on
page B-6 complete the following input/output items. **Enter the fine
dead fuel moisture as Output 1 on the Fine Dead Fuel
Moisture/Probability of Ignition Worksheet and as Input 2 on the Fire
Behavior Worksheet on page B-5.**

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 (Projection Point)―Record the number of the projection point for which
a fire behavior prediction is to be made.

1 (Day Time Calculation)―Only day time calculations will be considered.

2 (Dry Bulb Temperature)―Dry bulb temperature is determined for the time
period in question, either by measurement or forecast. The site location
may or may not be at the projection point. Record temperature in degrees
Fahrenheit.

3 (Wet Bulb Temperature)―Wet bulb temperature is determined for the time
period in question, either by measurement or forecast. The site location
may or may not be at the projection point. Record temperature in degrees
Fahrenheit.

4 (Dew Point)―Record dew point for the time period in question.

5 (Relative Humidity)―Record relative humidity for the time period in
question.

6 (Reference Fuel Moisture)―Go to Table 2 and determine the reference
fuel moisture percent from the intersection of temperature and relative
humidity (Inputs 2 and 5). Record as a percent.

7 (Month)―Record the appropriate month.

8 (Unshaded or Shaded)―Circle "U" if fine dead fuels ahead of the
projection point are unshaded (\<50% shading) from solar radiation due
to cloud cover and/or canopy cover. Circle "S" if fine dead fuels ahead
of the projection point are shaded (\>50% shading) from solar radiation
due to cloud and/or canopy cover.

9 (Time)―Record the expected time when the projection point will be used
to estimate fire behavior. The temperature/RH forecast or measurement
must be the same time period as the projection time period.

10 (Elevation Change)―Record the elevation difference between the
location of the projection point and the temperature/RH site location
and circle:

"B" if the projection point is 1000 to 2000 feet below the site
location.

"L" if the projection point is 0 to 1000 feet above or below the site
location.

"A" if the projection point is 1000 to 2000 feet above the site
location.

If the projection point is more than 2000 feet above or below the site
location, get a new forecast or reading.

11 (Aspect)―Record the aspect of the projection point location (north,
south, east, or west).

12 (Slope)―Record the slope in percent (%) at the project point. (See
pages B-35 and B-36 for determining percent slope.)

13 (Fuel Moisture Correction)―From Input Values 7 through 12 and the
appropriate Daytime Correction Tables (Tables 3, 4, or 5) determine fuel
moisture correction. Record in percent.

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 (Fine Dead Fuel Moisture)―Determine the fine dead fuel moisture by
adding Input Item 6 and Input Item 13. Record as a percent.

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2">Dry Bulb Temp (°F)</td>
<td colspan="21">Relative Humidity (Percent)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>0</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>4</p></td>
<td><p>5</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>9</p></td>
<td><p>10</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>14</p></td>
<td><p>15</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>19</p></td>
<td><p>20</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>24</p></td>
<td><p>25</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>29</p></td>
<td><p>30</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>34</p></td>
<td><p>35</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>39</p></td>
<td><p>40</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>44</p></td>
<td><p>45</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>49</p></td>
<td><p>50</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>54</p></td>
<td><p>55</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>59</p></td>
<td><p>60</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>64</p></td>
<td><p>65</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>69</p></td>
<td><p>70</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>74</p></td>
<td><p>75</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>79</p></td>
<td><p>80</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>84</p></td>
<td><p>85</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>89</p></td>
<td><p>90</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>94</p></td>
<td><p>95</p>
<p>↓</p>
<p>99</p></td>
<td>100</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>10-29</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>14</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>30-49</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>50-69</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>70-89</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>90-109</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>109+</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

GO TO TABLE 3, 4, OR 5 FOR FUEL MOISTURE CONTENT CORRECTIONS.

NOTE: When using Tables 3, 4, and 5:

> B = 1000-2000 feet below the site location.
>
> L = 0-1000 feet above or below the site location.
>
> A = 1000-2000 feet above the site location.

  ---------- -------- -------- --- --- -------- --- --- -------- --- --- -------- --- --- -------- --- --- -------- --- ---
  UNSHADED                                                                                                              
  -- LESS                                                                                                               
  THAN 50%                                                                                                              
  SHADING OF                                                                                                            
  SURFACE                                                                                                               
  FUELS                                                                                                                 

  Aspect     %Slope   0800\>           1000\>           1200\>           1400\>           1600\>           1800\>       

                      B        L   A   B        L   A   B        L   A   B        L   A   B        L   A   B        L   A

  N          0-30     2        3   4   1        1   1   0        0   1   0        0   1   1        1   1   2        3   4

             31+      3        4   4   1        2   2   1        1   2   1        1   2   1        2   2   3        4   4

  E          0-30     2        2   3   1        1   1   0        0   1   0        0   1   1        1   2   3        4   4

             31+      1        2   2   0        0   1   0        0   1   1        1   2   2        3   4   4        5   6

  S          0-30     2        3   3   1        1   1   0        0   1   0        0   1   1        1   1   2        3   3

             31+      2        3   3   1        1   2   0        1   1   0        1   1   1        1   2   2        3   3

  W          0-30     2        3   4   1        1   2   0        0   1   0        0   1   0        1   1   2        3   3

             31+      4        5   6   2        3   4   1        1   2   0        0   1   0        0   1   1        2   2

  SHADED --                                                                                                             
  50% OR                                                                                                                
  MORE                                                                                                                  
  SHADING OF                                                                                                            
  SURFACE                                                                                                               
  FUELS                                                                                                                 

  N          all      4        5   5   3        4   5   3        3   4   3        3   4   3        4   5   4        5   5

  E          all      4        4   5   3        4   5   3        3   4   3        4   4   3        4   5   4        5   6

  S          all      4        4   5   3        4   5   3        3   4   3        3   4   3        4   5   4        5   5

  W          all      4        5   6   3        4   5   3        3   4   3        3   4   3        4   5   4        4   5
  ---------- -------- -------- --- --- -------- --- --- -------- --- --- -------- --- --- -------- --- --- -------- --- ---

**INPUT 3: Live Fuel Moisture (LFM), %**

Live fuel moisture (foliage moisture) is required for Fire Behavior
Models 2, 4, 5, 7 and 10. If data are unavailable for estimating live
fuel moisture, the following rough estimates (Table 6) can be used.
**Enter the live fuel moisture for Fire Models 2, 4, 5, 7 and 10 as
Input 3 on the Fire behavior Worksheet on page B-5.**

TABLE 6: Live Fuel (Foliage) Moisture Content (Percent)

  -------------- --------------------------------------------------------
  Moisture       Stage of Vegetative Development
  Content (%)    

  300            Fresh foliage, annuals developing early in the growing
                 cycle.

  200            Maturing foliage, still developing, with full turgor.

  100            Mature foliage, new growth complete and comparable to
                 older perennial foliage.

  50             Entering dormancy, coloration starting, some leaves may
                 have dropped from stem. Also indicative of drought
                 conditions.

  \>30           Completely cured.
  -------------- --------------------------------------------------------

**INPUT 4: Midflame Windspeed (MFWS), mi/h**

Midflame wind is the wind which acts directly on the flaming fire front
at the level of one half the flame height. Fire generated convective
winds must be ignored.

You may take wind readings directly with a handheld anemometer or other
measuring device; however, the readings must be taken far enough upwind
of the fire to ensure that the wind is not influenced by convective
indrafts.

If you choose to use a weather forecast to estimate windspeeds, you must
determine whether the forecast is for 20-foot windspeeds or midflame
windspeeds.

When midflame winds are forecast, enter them directly in Input 4 of the
Fire Behavior Worksheet.

If the 20-foot winds are forecast (which they usually are), the midflame
windspeed must be calculated. Use the Wind Adjustment Worksheet on page
B-7 and complete the following Input and Output Values. **Enter midflame
windspeed as Output 1 on the Wind Adjustment Worksheet and as Input 4 on
the Fire Behavior Worksheet on page B-5.**

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 (Projection Pint)―Record the number of the projection point for which
a fire behavior prediction is to be made.

1 (20-foot Windspeed)―Enter the 20-foot windspeed provided in the
Special Weather Forecast.

2 (Fuel Model Number)―Enter one of the 13 FBPS fuel models.

3 (Wind Sheltering)―Using Diagram 1 on page B-32, determine whether
fuels are: 1) unsheltered, 2) partially sheltered, 3) fully sheltered
(open) or 4) fully sheltered (closed).

4 (Wind Adjustment Factor)―Using Table 7 on page B-33, select the
appropriate adjustment factor for the specific fuel and sheltering
condition.

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 (Midflame Windspeed)―Multiply Input 1 x Input 4 on the Wind Adjustment
Worksheet for the midflame windspeed.

**Remember, for basic point source predictions the wind should be
blowing within [+]{.underline} 30 degrees of upslope.**

**DIAGRAM 1 ―20 Foot Windspeed Adjusted to Midflame Windspeed Based on
Overstory**

![](media/image2.png){width="3.576388888888889in" height="5.5in"}

TABLE 7: Wind Adjustment Table

+-----------------------------------+--------------+------------------+
| Fuel Exposure                     | Fuel         | Adjustment       |
|                                   |              | Factor           |
|                                   | Model        |                  |
+-----------------------------------+--------------+------------------+
| UNSHELTERED FUELS: Fuel exposed   | 4            | 0.6              |
| directly to the wind. No or       |              |                  |
| sparse overstory. Fuel beneath    | 13           | 0.5              |
| timber that has lost its foliage; |              |                  |
| fuel beneath timber near          | 1, 3, 5, 6,  | 0.4              |
| clearings or clearcuts; fuel on   |              |                  |
| high ridges where trees offer     | 11, 12       | 0.4              |
| little shelter form the wind.     |              |                  |
|                                   | (2, 7)¹      | 0.4              |
|                                   |              |                  |
|                                   | (8, 9, 10)²  | 0.4              |
+-----------------------------------+--------------+------------------+
| PARTIALLY SHELTERED FUELS: Fuel   | All Fuel     | 0.3              |
| beneath patchy timber where it is |              |                  |
| not well sheltered; fuel beneath  | Models       |                  |
| standing timber at midslope or    |              |                  |
| higher on a mountain with wind    |              |                  |
| blowing directly at the slope.    |              |                  |
+-----------------------------------+--------------+------------------+
| FULLY SHELTERED FUELS: Fuel       | All Fuel     | Open Stands      |
| sheltered beneath standing timber |              |                  |
| on flat or gentle slope or near   | Models       | 0.2              |
| base of mountain with steep       |              |                  |
| slopes.                           |              | Dense Stands     |
|                                   |              |                  |
|                                   |              | 0.1              |
+-----------------------------------+--------------+------------------+
| ¹Fuels usually partially          |              |                  |
| sheltered.                        |              |                  |
|                                   |              |                  |
| ²Fuels usually fully sheltered.   |              |                  |
+-----------------------------------+--------------+------------------+

TABLE 8: Modified Beaufort Scale for Est. 20-Foot Windspeed

+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Range of     | Nomenclature                                          |
|              |                                                       |
| Speeds mi/h  |                                                       |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| [\<]{        | Very Light―Smoke rises nearly vertically. Leaves of   |
| .underline}3 | quaking aspen in constant motion; small branches of   |
|              | bushes sway; slender branchlets and twigs of trees    |
|              | move gently; tall grasses and weeds sway and bend     |
|              | with wind; wind vane barely moves.                    |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| 4-7          | Light―Trees of pole size in the open sway gently;     |
|              | wind felt distinctly on face; loose scraps of paper   |
|              | move; wind flutters small flag.                       |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| 8-12         | Gentle Breeze―Trees of pole size in the open sway     |
|              | very noticeably; large branches of pole-size trees in |
|              | the open toss; tops of trees in dense stands sway;    |
|              | wind extends small flag; a few crested waves form on  |
|              | lakes.                                                |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| 13-18        | Moderate Breeze―Trees of pole size in the open sway   |
|              | violently; whole trees in dense stands sway           |
|              | noticeable; dust is raised in the road.               |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| 19-24        | Fresh―Branchlets are broken from trees; inconvenience |
|              | is felt in walking against wind.                      |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| 25-31        | Strong―Tree damage increases with occasional breaking |
|              | of exposed tops and branches; progress impeded when   |
|              | walking against wind; light structural damage to      |
|              | buildings.                                            |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| 32-38        | Moderate Gale―Severe damage to tree tops; very        |
|              | difficult to walk into wind; significant structural   |
|              | damage occurs.                                        |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| [\>]{.       | Fresh Gale―Surfaced strong Santa Ana; intense stress  |
| underline}39 | on all exposed objects, vegetation, buildings; canopy |
|              | offers virtually no protection; wind flow is          |
|              | systematic in disturbing everything in its path.      |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

**INPUT 5: Slope (SL), %**

Slope Determination Process

To use the Slope Worksheet on page B-7 complete the following Input and
Output Items. **Enter slope as Output 1 on the Slope Worksheet and as
Input 5 on the Fire Behavior Worksheet on page B-5.**

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 (Projection Point)―Record the number of the projection point for which
a fire behavior prediction is to be made.

1 (Contour Interval)―Determine the contour interval from the map; i.e.,
40 ft. This is the elevation change between contour lines.

2 (Map Scale)―Determine the map scale; i.e., 1:24,000. This is the
number of units on the map to ground distance in the same units; i.e.,
one inch on the map equals 24,000 inches on the ground.

3 (Conversion Factor)―Determine how many feet are in one inch of map
distance; i.e., 1 inch = 2,000 ft. To determine this, measure the
distance between section lines (east to west) in inches and tenths of an
inch. Divide the number of feet in a mile (5,280) by the measured map
distance for the mile in inches.

> Choose an area with uniform contour line separation. From the lowest
> point on the slope, Point A, draw a line up the slope with the contour
> lines intersecting at right angels, to Point B.

4 (# of Contour Intervals)―Count the number of contour interspaces
crossed between Points A and B.

5 (Rise in Elevation)―Determine vertical change in elevation by counting
the contour interspaces between Points A and B. Multiply by the contour
interval (Input 1); i.e., 40 ft x 11 contours = 440 ft.

6 (Map Distance)―Measure horizontal distance with a ruler in inches to
the tenth of an inch.

7 (Horizontal Ground Distance)―Multiply the Map Distance (Input 6) by
the conversion factor (Input 3); i.e., 0.5 in x 2,000 ft/in = 1,000 ft.

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 (Slope)―Calculate slope by dividing rise (Input 5) by run (Input 7) on
the Slope Worksheet and multiplying by 100; i.e., rise (Input 5) divided
by run (Input 7) x 100 or 440 ft divided by 1,000 ft x 100 = 44%.

[RISE]{.underline} [Vertical Distance]{.underline}

RUN Horizontal Distance

TABLE 9: Map Scale Conversion Factors

  --------------- --------------------- ----------- ---------- -----------
  Scale           Representative        Map in/mi   Map in/ch  Ft/Map in
                  Fraction                                     

  1:253,440       253.44                .25         0.0031     21,120

  1:126,720       126.72                .50         0.0063     10,560

  1:63,360        63.36                 1           0.0125     5,280

  1:62,500        62.50                 1.01        0.0127     5,208

  1:31,680        31.68                 2           0.025      2,640

  1:24,000        24.00                 2.64        0.033      2,000

  1:21,120        21.12                 3           0.038      1,760

  1:15,840        15.84                 4           0.05       1,320

  1:7,920         7.92                  8           0.1        660
  --------------- --------------------- ----------- ---------- -----------

This table allows the selection of conversion factors for different map
scales.

**INPUT 6: Effective Windspeed (EWS), mi/h**

Effective windspeed is determined using the lower left quadrant of the
nomogram of the fuel model being used. Enter slope (Input 5) on the
horizontal axis, and the midflame windspeed (Input 4) from the Fire
Behavior Worksheet on the right axis. Interpolation between the midflame
windspeed line may be necessary. Read the effective windspeed on the
left side of the graph. **Enter effective windspeed as Input 6 on the
Fire Behavior Worksheet on page B-5.**

FIRE BEHAVIOR OUTPUTS

**Determine the Fire Behavior Output Items (1-9) listed below and enter
them on the Fire Behavior Worksheet on page B-5.**

**OUTPUT 1: Rate of Spread (ROS), ch/h**

Using the upper right quadrant (left vertical axis) of the nomogram and
input items recorded on the Fire Behavior Worksheet, determine rate of
spread. Tables 15 to 78 can also be used to approximate rate of spread.

**OUTPUT 2: Heat per Unit Area (HA), Btu/sq ft**

Using the upper right quadrant of the nomogram, determine heat per unit
area from the lower axis.

**OUTPUT 3: Fireline Intensity (FLI), Btu/ft/s**

Using the upper right quadrant of the nomogram, determine fireline
intensity along the curved lines.

**OUTPUT 4: Flame Length (FL), ft**

Using the upper right quadrant of the nomogram, determine the flame
length along the curved lines. Flame length can also be approximated
using Tables 15 to 78.

**OUTPUT 5: Spread Distance (SD), ch**

Rate of spread (Output 1) on the Fire Behavior Worksheet multiplied by
the hours in which a fire spreads at that rate equals spread distance.
Convert to map distance using the Map-Spread Worksheet as outlined on
page 39.

Map-Spread Worksheet

Use the Map-Spread Worksheet on page B-8 and complete the following
Input and Output Items to determine map-spread distance. **Enter the
map-spread distance as Output 1 on the Map-Spread Worksheet and as
Output 5 on the Fire Behavior Worksheet on page B -5.**

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 (Projection Point)―Record the number of the projection point for which
a fire behavior prediction is to be made.

1 (Rate of Spread)―Fire Behavior Worksheet, Output 1.

2 (Projection Time)―Hours or part of an hour in which a fire has spread.

3 (Spread Distance, ch)―Input 1 multiplied by Input 2.

4 (Spread Distance, ft)―Input 3 multiplied by 66 ft/ch.

5 (Map Scale)―Table 9 on page B-36.

6 (Conversion Factor)―Table 9.

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 (Map Spread Distance)―Input 4 divided by Input 6.

**OUTPUT 6 and 7: Projected Fire Perimeter (PER), ch and Fire Area (AC),
ac**

Use the Size Worksheet on page B-8 and complete the following Input and
Output Items to determine fire perimeter and area. **Enter perimeter as
Output 1 on the Size Worksheet and as Output 6 on the Fire Behavior
Worksheet on page B-5. Enter area as Output 2 on the Size Worksheet and
as Output 7 on the Fire Behavior Worksheet on page B-5.**

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 (Projection Point)―Record the number of the projection point for which
a fire behavior predication has been made.

1 (Rate of Spread)―Output 1 form the Fire Behavior Worksheet.

2 (Effective Windspeed)―Input 6 from the Fire Behavior Worksheet.

3 (Projection Time)―The time in which a fire has spread.

4 (Spread Distance)―Input 1 multiplied by Input 3.

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 (Perimeter)―From Table 10 using the spread distance (Input 4) and
effective windspeed (Input 2) determine perimeter.

2 (Area)―From Table 11 using the spread distance (Input 4) and effective
windspeed (Input 2) determine area (acres).

TABLE 10: Perimeter Estimations for Point Source Fires

  ---------- ----------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ------ ----- ----- ------ ------
  Spread     Effective                                                        
  Distance   Windspeed                                                        
  Chains     mi/h                                                             

             1           3      5      7      9     11     13    15    17     19

             Chains                                                           

  1          4           3      2      2      2     2      2     2     2      2

  2          7           6      5      5      5     4      4     4     4      4

  3          11          8      7      7      7     7      6     6     6      6

  4          14          11     10     9      9     9      9     9     8      8

  5          18          14     12     12     11    11     11    11    11     10

  6          21          17     15     14     14    13     13    13    13     13

  7          25          19     17     16     16    15     15    15    15     15

  8          28          22     20     19     18    18     17    17    17     17

  9          32          25     22     21     20    20     19    19    19     19

  10         35          28     25     23     23    22     22    21    21     21

  11         39          30     27     26     25    24     24    23    23     23

  12         43          33     30     28     27    26     26    26    25     25

  13         46          36     32     30     29    29     28    28    27     27

  14         50          39     35     33     32    31     30    30    30     29

  15         53          41     37     35     34    33     32    32    32     31

  16         57          44     40     37     36    35     35    34    34     34

  17         60          47     42     40     38    37     37    36    36     36

  18         64          50     45     42     41    40     39    38    38     38

  19         67          52     47     44     43    42     41    41    40     40

  20         71          55     50     47     45    44     43    43    42     42

  21         74          58     52     49     47    46     45    45    44     44

  22         78          61     55     51     50    48     48    47    46     46

  23         82          64     57     54     52    51     50    49    49     48

  24         85          66     60     56     54    53     52    51    51     50

  25         89          69     62     59     56    55     54    53    53     52

  26         92          72     65     61     59    57     56    55    55     54

  28         99          77     70     66     63    62     61    60    59     59

  30         106         83     74     70     68    66     65    64    63     63

  32         113         88     79     75     72    70     69    68    68     67

  34         121         94     84     80     77    75     73    73    72     71

  36         128         99     89     84     81    79     78    77    76     75

  38         135         105    94     89     86    84     82    81    80     80

  40         142         110    99     94     90    88     86    85    84     84
  ---------- ----------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ------ ----- ----- ------ ------

TABLE 10: Perimeter Estimations for Point Source Fires (continued)

  ---------- ----------- ------- ------- ------ ------- ------ ---- ----- ----- ----- ------
  Spread     Effective                                                                
  Distance   Windspeed                                                                
  Chains     mi/h                                                                     

             1           3       5       7      9       11     13         15    17    19

             Chains                                                                   

  42         149         116     104     98     95      92          91    90    89    88

  44         156         122     109     103    99      97          95    94    93    92

  46         163         127     114     108    104     101         99    98    97    96

  48         170         133     119     112    108     106         104   102   101   101

  50         177         138     124     117    113     110         108   107   106   195

  52         184         144     129     122    117     114         112   111   110   109

  54         191         149     134     126    122     119         117   115   114   113

  56         199         155     139     131    126     123         121   119   118   117

  58         206         160     144     136    131     128         125   124   122   122

  60         213         166     149     140    135     132         130   128   127   126

  62         220         171     154     145    140     136         134   132   131   130

  64         227         177     159     150    144     141         138   137   135   134

  66         234         182     164     154    149     145         143   141   139   138

  68         241         188     169     159    153     150         147   145   144   142

  70         248         193     174     164    158     154         151   149   148   147

  72         255         199     179     169    162     158         156   154   152   151

  74         262         204     184     173    167     163         160   158   156   155

  76         269         210     189     178    171     167         164   162   160   159

  78         277         215     194     183    176     172         169   166   165   163

  80         284         221     199     187    180     176         173   171   169   168

  82         291         227     204     192    185     180         177   175   173   172

  84         298         232     209     197    189     185         182   179   177   176

  86         305         238     214     201    194     189         186   183   182   180

  88         312         243     219     204    198     194         190   188   186   184

  90         319         249     223     211    203     198         194   192   190   189

  92         326         254     228     215    207     202         199   196   194   193

  94         333         260     233     220    212     207         203   200   199   197

  96         340         263     238     225    217     211         207   205   203   201

  98         347         271     243     229    221     216         212   209   207   205

  100        355         276     248     234    226     220         216   213   211   210

  105        372         290     261     246    237     231         227   224   222   220

  110        390         304     273     257    248     242         238   235   232   230

  115        408         318     286     269    259     253         249   245   243   241

  120        425         331     298     281    271     264         259   256   253   251
  ---------- ----------- ------- ------- ------ ------- ------ ---- ----- ----- ----- ------

TABLE 10: Perimeter Estimations for Point Source Fires (continued)

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 15%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3"><blockquote>
<p>Spread Distance Chains</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="11">Effective Windspeed mi/h</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>15</td>
<td colspan="2">17</td>
<td>19</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="11">Chains</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>125</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>443</td>
<td>345</td>
<td>310</td>
<td>293</td>
<td>282</td>
<td>275</td>
<td>270</td>
<td>267</td>
<td>264</td>
<td colspan="2">262</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>130</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>461</td>
<td>359</td>
<td>323</td>
<td>304</td>
<td>293</td>
<td>286</td>
<td>281</td>
<td>277</td>
<td>275</td>
<td colspan="2">272</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>135</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>479</td>
<td>373</td>
<td>335</td>
<td>316</td>
<td>304</td>
<td>297</td>
<td>292</td>
<td>288</td>
<td>285</td>
<td colspan="2">283</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>145</td>
<td>498</td>
<td>387</td>
<td>348</td>
<td>328</td>
<td>316</td>
<td>308</td>
<td>303</td>
<td>299</td>
<td>296</td>
<td colspan="2">293</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>145</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>514</td>
<td>401</td>
<td>360</td>
<td>339</td>
<td>327</td>
<td>319</td>
<td>313</td>
<td>309</td>
<td>306</td>
<td colspan="2">304</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>150</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>532</td>
<td>414</td>
<td>372</td>
<td>351</td>
<td>338</td>
<td>330</td>
<td>324</td>
<td>320</td>
<td>317</td>
<td colspan="2">314</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>155</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>550</td>
<td>428</td>
<td>385</td>
<td>363</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>341</td>
<td>335</td>
<td>331</td>
<td>327</td>
<td colspan="2">325</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>160</td>
<td>567</td>
<td>442</td>
<td>397</td>
<td>374</td>
<td>361</td>
<td>352</td>
<td>346</td>
<td>341</td>
<td>338</td>
<td colspan="2">335</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>165</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>585</td>
<td>456</td>
<td>410</td>
<td>386</td>
<td>372</td>
<td>363</td>
<td>357</td>
<td>352</td>
<td>348</td>
<td colspan="2">346</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>170</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>603</td>
<td>470</td>
<td>422</td>
<td>398</td>
<td>383</td>
<td>374</td>
<td>367</td>
<td>363</td>
<td>359</td>
<td colspan="2">356</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>175</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>620</td>
<td>485</td>
<td>435</td>
<td>410</td>
<td>395</td>
<td>385</td>
<td>378</td>
<td>373</td>
<td>370</td>
<td colspan="2">367</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>180</td>
<td>638</td>
<td>497</td>
<td>447</td>
<td>421</td>
<td>406</td>
<td>396</td>
<td>389</td>
<td>384</td>
<td>380</td>
<td colspan="2">377</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>185</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>656</td>
<td>511</td>
<td>459</td>
<td>433</td>
<td>417</td>
<td>497</td>
<td>400</td>
<td>395</td>
<td>391</td>
<td colspan="2">388</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>190</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>674</td>
<td>525</td>
<td>472</td>
<td>445</td>
<td>429</td>
<td>418</td>
<td>411</td>
<td>405</td>
<td>401</td>
<td colspan="2">398</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>195</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>691</td>
<td>539</td>
<td>486</td>
<td>456</td>
<td>440</td>
<td>429</td>
<td>421</td>
<td>416</td>
<td>412</td>
<td colspan="2">409</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>200</td>
<td>709</td>
<td>552</td>
<td>497</td>
<td>468</td>
<td>451</td>
<td>440</td>
<td>432</td>
<td>427</td>
<td>422</td>
<td colspan="2">419</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>210</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>744</td>
<td>580</td>
<td>571</td>
<td>491</td>
<td>474</td>
<td>462</td>
<td>454</td>
<td>448</td>
<td>443</td>
<td colspan="2">440</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>220</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>780</td>
<td>608</td>
<td>546</td>
<td>515</td>
<td>496</td>
<td>484</td>
<td>475</td>
<td>469</td>
<td>465</td>
<td colspan="2">461</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>230</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>815</td>
<td>635</td>
<td>571</td>
<td>538</td>
<td>519</td>
<td>506</td>
<td>497</td>
<td>491</td>
<td>486</td>
<td colspan="2">482</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>240</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>851</td>
<td>663</td>
<td>596</td>
<td>562</td>
<td>541</td>
<td>528</td>
<td>519</td>
<td>512</td>
<td>507</td>
<td colspan="2">503</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>250</td>
<td>886</td>
<td>691</td>
<td>621</td>
<td>585</td>
<td>564</td>
<td>550</td>
<td>540</td>
<td>533</td>
<td>528</td>
<td colspan="2">524</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>260</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>922</td>
<td>718</td>
<td>646</td>
<td>608</td>
<td>586</td>
<td>572</td>
<td>562</td>
<td>555</td>
<td>549</td>
<td colspan="2">545</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>270</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>957</td>
<td>746</td>
<td>670</td>
<td>632</td>
<td>609</td>
<td>594</td>
<td>583</td>
<td>576</td>
<td>570</td>
<td colspan="2">566</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>280</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>993</td>
<td>773</td>
<td>695</td>
<td>655</td>
<td>631</td>
<td>616</td>
<td>605</td>
<td>597</td>
<td>591</td>
<td colspan="2">587</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>290</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1028</td>
<td>801</td>
<td>720</td>
<td>679</td>
<td>654</td>
<td>638</td>
<td>627</td>
<td>619</td>
<td>612</td>
<td colspan="2">608</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>300</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1064</td>
<td>829</td>
<td>745</td>
<td>702</td>
<td>677</td>
<td>660</td>
<td>648</td>
<td>640</td>
<td>634</td>
<td colspan="2">629</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

This table can be used to estimate the perimeter of a fire in chains
from estimates of total spread distance (rate of spread x time) and
effective windspeed. When the effective windspeed is an even number or
when spread distance is not broken out, estimations can be made or
interpolation may be necessary.

TABLE 11: Area Estimations for Point Source Fires

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3"><blockquote>
<p>Spread Distance Chains</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="10">Effective Windspeed mi/h</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>19</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10">Acres</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1</td>
<td>.1</td>
<td>.1</td>
<td>&lt;.1</td>
<td>&lt;.1</td>
<td>&lt;.1</td>
<td>&lt;.1</td>
<td>&lt;.1</td>
<td>&lt;.1</td>
<td>&lt;.1</td>
<td>&lt;.1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>2</td>
<td>.4</td>
<td>.2</td>
<td>.2</td>
<td>.1</td>
<td>.1</td>
<td>.1</td>
<td>.1</td>
<td>.1</td>
<td>.1</td>
<td>.1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>3</td>
<td>.9</td>
<td>.5</td>
<td>.3</td>
<td>.3</td>
<td>.2</td>
<td>.2</td>
<td>.2</td>
<td>.2</td>
<td>.1</td>
<td>.1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>4</td>
<td>1.6</td>
<td>.9</td>
<td>.6</td>
<td>.5</td>
<td>.4</td>
<td>.3</td>
<td>.3</td>
<td>.3</td>
<td>.2</td>
<td>.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>5</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>.8</td>
<td>.6</td>
<td>.5</td>
<td>.5</td>
<td>.4</td>
<td>.4</td>
<td>.3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>6</td>
<td>3.5</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>1.1</td>
<td>.9</td>
<td>.8</td>
<td>.7</td>
<td>.6</td>
<td>.5</td>
<td>.5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>7</td>
<td>4.8</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>1.5</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>1.1</td>
<td>.9</td>
<td>.8</td>
<td>.7</td>
<td>.7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>8</td>
<td>6.3</td>
<td>3.5</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.0</td>
<td>1.6</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>1.1</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>.9</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>9</td>
<td>8.0</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>3.1</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.1</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>1.5</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>10</td>
<td>9.8</td>
<td>5.4</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>3.1</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>1.5</td>
<td>1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>11</td>
<td>11.9</td>
<td>6.6</td>
<td>4.7</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>3.1</td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td>2.3</td>
<td>2.0</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12</td>
<td>14.1</td>
<td>7.8</td>
<td>5.6</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>3.1</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>2.4</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>13</td>
<td>16.6</td>
<td>9.2</td>
<td>6.6</td>
<td>5.2</td>
<td>4.3</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>3.2</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td>2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>14</td>
<td>19.2</td>
<td>10.6</td>
<td>7.6</td>
<td>6.0</td>
<td>5.0</td>
<td>4.3</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>3.3</td>
<td>3.0</td>
<td>2.7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>15</td>
<td>22.1</td>
<td>12.2</td>
<td>8.7</td>
<td>6.9</td>
<td>5.7</td>
<td>4.9</td>
<td>4.3</td>
<td>3.8</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>3.1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>16</td>
<td>25.1</td>
<td>13.9</td>
<td>9.9</td>
<td>7.8</td>
<td>6.5</td>
<td>5.6</td>
<td>4.9</td>
<td>4.3</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>3.6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>17</td>
<td>28.4</td>
<td>15.7</td>
<td>11.2</td>
<td>8.8</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>6.3</td>
<td>5.5</td>
<td>4.9</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>4.0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>18</td>
<td>31.8</td>
<td>17.5</td>
<td>12.6</td>
<td>9.9</td>
<td>8.2</td>
<td>7.0</td>
<td>6.2</td>
<td>5.5</td>
<td>4.9</td>
<td>4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>19</td>
<td>35.4</td>
<td>19.6</td>
<td>14.0</td>
<td>11.1</td>
<td>9.2</td>
<td>7.8</td>
<td>6.9</td>
<td>6.1</td>
<td>5.5</td>
<td>5.0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>20</td>
<td>39.3</td>
<td>21.7</td>
<td>15.5</td>
<td>12.2</td>
<td>10.2</td>
<td>8.7</td>
<td>7.6</td>
<td>6.8</td>
<td>6.1</td>
<td>5.5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>21</td>
<td>43.3</td>
<td>23.9</td>
<td>17.1</td>
<td>13.5</td>
<td>11.2</td>
<td>9.6</td>
<td>8.4</td>
<td>7.5</td>
<td>6.7</td>
<td>6.1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>22</td>
<td>47.5</td>
<td>26.2</td>
<td>18.8</td>
<td>14.8</td>
<td>12.3</td>
<td>10.5</td>
<td>9.2</td>
<td>8.2</td>
<td>7.4</td>
<td>6.7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>23</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>8.9</td>
<td>8.1</td>
<td>7.3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>24</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>9.7</td>
<td>8.8</td>
<td>8.0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>25</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>10.6</td>
<td>9.5</td>
<td>8.7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>26</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>11.4</td>
<td>10.3</td>
<td>9.4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>28</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>30</td>
<td>88</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>32</td>
<td>101</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>14</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>34</td>
<td>113</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>16</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>36</td>
<td>127</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>18</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>38</td>
<td>142</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>20</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>40</td>
<td>157</td>
<td>87</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>22</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

TABLE 11: Area Estimations for Point Source Fires

(continued)

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3"><blockquote>
<p>Spread Distance Chains</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="13">Effective Windspeed mi/h</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td colspan="2">5</td>
<td>7</td>
<td colspan="3">9</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>19</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="13">Acres</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>42</td>
<td>173</td>
<td colspan="2">96</td>
<td>69</td>
<td colspan="2">54</td>
<td>45</td>
<td colspan="2">38</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>24</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>44</td>
<td>190</td>
<td colspan="2">105</td>
<td>75</td>
<td colspan="2">59</td>
<td>49</td>
<td colspan="2">42</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>27</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>46</td>
<td>208</td>
<td colspan="2">115</td>
<td>82</td>
<td colspan="2">65</td>
<td>54</td>
<td colspan="2">46</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>29</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>48</td>
<td>226</td>
<td colspan="2">125</td>
<td>90</td>
<td colspan="2">71</td>
<td>58</td>
<td colspan="2">50</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>32</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>50</td>
<td>245</td>
<td colspan="2">135</td>
<td>97</td>
<td colspan="2">77</td>
<td>63</td>
<td colspan="2">54</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>42</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>35</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>52</td>
<td>265</td>
<td colspan="2">146</td>
<td>105</td>
<td colspan="2">83</td>
<td>69</td>
<td colspan="2">59</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>38</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>54</td>
<td>286</td>
<td colspan="2">158</td>
<td>113</td>
<td colspan="2">89</td>
<td>74</td>
<td colspan="2">63</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>40</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>56</td>
<td>308</td>
<td colspan="2">170</td>
<td>122</td>
<td colspan="2">96</td>
<td>80</td>
<td colspan="2">68</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>43</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>58</td>
<td>330</td>
<td colspan="2">182</td>
<td>131</td>
<td colspan="2">103</td>
<td>85</td>
<td colspan="2">73</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>47</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>60</td>
<td>353</td>
<td colspan="2">195</td>
<td>140</td>
<td colspan="2">110</td>
<td>91</td>
<td colspan="2">78</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>62</td>
<td>377</td>
<td colspan="2">208</td>
<td>149</td>
<td colspan="2">118</td>
<td>98</td>
<td colspan="2">84</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>53</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>64</td>
<td>402</td>
<td colspan="2">222</td>
<td>159</td>
<td colspan="2">125</td>
<td>104</td>
<td colspan="2">89</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>57</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>66</td>
<td>428</td>
<td colspan="2">236</td>
<td>169</td>
<td colspan="2">133</td>
<td>111</td>
<td colspan="2">95</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>60</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>68</td>
<td>454</td>
<td colspan="2">250</td>
<td>180</td>
<td colspan="2">142</td>
<td>117</td>
<td colspan="2">100</td>
<td>88</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>64</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>70</td>
<td>481</td>
<td colspan="2">265</td>
<td>190</td>
<td colspan="2">150</td>
<td>124</td>
<td colspan="2">106</td>
<td>93</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>68</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>72</td>
<td>509</td>
<td colspan="2">281</td>
<td>201</td>
<td colspan="2">159</td>
<td>132</td>
<td colspan="2">113</td>
<td>99</td>
<td>88</td>
<td>79</td>
<td>72</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>74</td>
<td>538</td>
<td colspan="2">297</td>
<td>213</td>
<td colspan="2">168</td>
<td>139</td>
<td colspan="2">119</td>
<td>104</td>
<td>93</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>76</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>76</td>
<td>567</td>
<td colspan="2">313</td>
<td>224</td>
<td colspan="2">177</td>
<td>147</td>
<td colspan="2">125</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>98</td>
<td>88</td>
<td>80</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>78</td>
<td>597</td>
<td colspan="2">329</td>
<td>236</td>
<td colspan="2">186</td>
<td>154</td>
<td colspan="2">132</td>
<td>116</td>
<td>103</td>
<td>93</td>
<td>84</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>80</td>
<td>628</td>
<td colspan="2">347</td>
<td>249</td>
<td colspan="2">196</td>
<td>162</td>
<td colspan="2">139</td>
<td>122</td>
<td>108</td>
<td>98</td>
<td>89</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>82</td>
<td>660</td>
<td colspan="2">364</td>
<td>261</td>
<td colspan="2">206</td>
<td>171</td>
<td colspan="2">146</td>
<td>128</td>
<td>114</td>
<td>102</td>
<td>93</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>84</td>
<td>693</td>
<td colspan="2">382</td>
<td>274</td>
<td colspan="2">216</td>
<td>179</td>
<td colspan="2">153</td>
<td>134</td>
<td>119</td>
<td>108</td>
<td>98</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>86</td>
<td>726</td>
<td colspan="2">401</td>
<td>287</td>
<td colspan="2">226</td>
<td>188</td>
<td colspan="2">161</td>
<td>141</td>
<td>125</td>
<td>113</td>
<td>103</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>88</td>
<td>760</td>
<td colspan="2">419</td>
<td>301</td>
<td colspan="2">237</td>
<td>197</td>
<td colspan="2">168</td>
<td>147</td>
<td>131</td>
<td>118</td>
<td>107</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>90</td>
<td>795</td>
<td colspan="2">439</td>
<td>315</td>
<td colspan="2">248</td>
<td>206</td>
<td colspan="2">176</td>
<td>154</td>
<td>137</td>
<td>123</td>
<td>112</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>92</td>
<td>831</td>
<td colspan="2">458</td>
<td>329</td>
<td colspan="2">259</td>
<td>215</td>
<td colspan="2">184</td>
<td>161</td>
<td>143</td>
<td>129</td>
<td>117</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>94</td>
<td>867</td>
<td colspan="2">479</td>
<td>343</td>
<td colspan="2">271</td>
<td>224</td>
<td colspan="2">192</td>
<td>168</td>
<td>149</td>
<td>135</td>
<td>123</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>96</td>
<td>905</td>
<td colspan="2">499</td>
<td>358</td>
<td colspan="2">282</td>
<td>234</td>
<td colspan="2">200</td>
<td>175</td>
<td>156</td>
<td>140</td>
<td>128</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>98</td>
<td>943</td>
<td colspan="2">520</td>
<td>373</td>
<td colspan="2">294</td>
<td>244</td>
<td colspan="2">209</td>
<td>183</td>
<td>162</td>
<td>146</td>
<td>133</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>100</td>
<td>982</td>
<td colspan="2">542</td>
<td>388</td>
<td colspan="2">306</td>
<td>254</td>
<td colspan="2">217</td>
<td>190</td>
<td>169</td>
<td>152</td>
<td>139</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>105</td>
<td>1082</td>
<td colspan="2">597</td>
<td>428</td>
<td colspan="2">338</td>
<td>280</td>
<td colspan="2">420</td>
<td>210</td>
<td>186</td>
<td>168</td>
<td>153</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>110</td>
<td>1188</td>
<td colspan="2">655</td>
<td>470</td>
<td colspan="2">371</td>
<td>307</td>
<td colspan="2">263</td>
<td>230</td>
<td>205</td>
<td>184</td>
<td>168</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>115</td>
<td>1298</td>
<td colspan="2">716</td>
<td>514</td>
<td colspan="2">405</td>
<td>336</td>
<td colspan="2">287</td>
<td>251</td>
<td>224</td>
<td>202</td>
<td>183</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>120</td>
<td>1414</td>
<td colspan="2">780</td>
<td>559</td>
<td colspan="2">441</td>
<td>366</td>
<td colspan="2">313</td>
<td>274</td>
<td>244</td>
<td>219</td>
<td>200</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

TABLE 11: Area Estimations for Point Source Fires

(continued)

  ---------- ----------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
  Spread     Effective                                                           
  Distance   Windspeed                                                           
  Chains     mi/h                                                                

             1           3      5      7      9      11     13     15     17     19

             Acres                                                               

  125        1534        846    607    478    397    339    297    264    238    217

  130        1659        915    657    517    429    367    321    286    258    234

  135        1789        987    708    558    463    396    346    308    278    253

  140        1924        1061   761    600    497    426    373    331    299    272

  145        2064        1139   817    644    534    457    400    356    320    292

  150        2209        1219   874    689    571    489    428    381    343    312

  155        2359        1301   933    736    610    522    457    406    366    333

  160        2513        1386   995    784    650    554    487    433    390    355

  165        2673        1474   1058   834    691    591    518    460    415    378

  170        2837        1565   1123   885    734    628    549    489    440    401

  175        3007        1659   1190   938    777    665    582    518    467    425

  180        3181        1755   1259   992    822    704    616    548    494    449

  185        3360        1854   1330   1048   869    743    651    579    572    475

  190        3544        1955   1402   1105   916    784    686    611    550    501

  195        3733        2059   1477   1164   965    826    723    643    579    527

  200        3927        2166   1554   1225   1015   869    760    676    610    555

  210        4330        2388   1713   1350   1119   958    838    746    672    612

  220        4752        2621   1880   1482   1229   1051   920    819    738    671

  230        5193        2865   2055   1620   1343   1149   1006   895    806    734

  240        5655        3119   2238   1764   1462   1251   1095   974    878    799

  250        6136        3385   2428   1914   1586   1358   1188   1057   952    867

  260        6437        3661   2626   2070   1716   1469   1285   1143   1030   938

  270        7157        3946   2832   2232   1850   1584   1386   1233   1111   1011

  280        7697        4246   3046   2401   1990   1703   1490   1326   1195   1087

  290        8256        4555   3267   2575   2135   1827   1599   1422   1281   1166

  300        8836        4874   3496   2756   2284   1955   1711   1522   1371   1248

                                                                                 
  ---------- ----------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------

This table can be used to estimate the area (acres) from estimates of
total spread distance (rate of spread x time) and effective windspeed.
When the effective windspeed is an even number or when spread distance
is not broken out, estimations can be made or interpolation may be
necessary.

DIAGRAM 2―Approximate Fire Shapes for Various Effective Windspeeds

![](media/image3.png){width="3.1055555555555556in"
height="3.0006944444444446in"}

**OUTPUT 8: Maximum Spotting Distance (SPOT), mi**

The Spotting Worksheet is used to predict the distance a firebrand will
travel from the originating torching tree. It does not apply to
firebrands resulting from a running crown fire, but may be considered as
a first approximation in such situations. Use the Spotting Worksheet and
nomograms 1 through 4 to determine Maximum Spotting Distance. **Enter
Maximum Spotting Distance on the Spotting Worksheet and as a Output 8 on
the Fire Behavior Worksheet on page B-5.**

[INPUT]{.underline}

1 (Torching Tree Height)―Actual height of torching tree.

2 (Torching Tree Species)―When species is not provided, select species
based on crown shape and knowledge of firebrand production.

3 (Torching Tree DBH)―Diameter at breast height.

4 (Average Tree Cover Height)―Estimate average tree cover height
downwind from the torching tree.

5 (Windspeed at 20-foot Height)―Use the forecasted 20-foot windspeed.
When gusts are indicated, using the maximum gust would provide the worst
case distance.

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

(Maximum Spotting distance)―Enter maximum spotting distance on the
Spotting Worksheet.

Convert spotting distance to map distance using the Map-Spot Worksheet
as outlined on page B-49.

Map-Spot Worksheet

Use the Map-Spot Worksheet on page B-9 and complete the following Input
and Output Items to determine map-spot distance. **Enter the map-spot
distance as Output 1 on the Map-Spot Worksheet and under Output 8 on the
Fire Behavior Worksheet on page B-5.**

[INPUT]{.underline}

0 (Projection Point)―Record the number of the projection point for which
a fire behavior prediction is to be made.

1 (Spotting Distance, mi)―Record the Output from the Spotting Worksheet.

2 (Spotting Distance, ft)―Multiply mile distance in Input 1 by 5,280 to
obtain feet.

3 (Map Scale)―Record the map scale taken from the map being used; e.g.,
1:24,000.

4 (Conversion Factor)―See Table 9 on page B-36 for correct conversion
factor; e.g., 2000.

[OUTPUT]{.underline}

1 (Map Distance Spot)―Input 2 divided by Input 4.

NOMOGRAM 1―Flame Height

![](media/image4.png){width="2.777083333333333in"
height="3.0618055555555554in"}

From Nomogram 1 determine flame height by using DBH and torching tree
species. **Enter flame height in Box B on the Spotting Worksheet.**

NOMOGRAM 2―Flame Duration

![](media/image5.png){width="3.4770833333333333in"
height="4.874305555555556in"}

From Nomogram 2 determine flame duration by using DBH and tree species.
**Enter flame duration on the Spotting Worksheet.**

NOMOGRAM 3―Ration of Lofted Firebrand Height to Flame Height

![](media/image6.png){width="3.479861111111111in"
height="4.749305555555556in"}

From Nomogram 3 determine ratio of lofted firebrand height to flame
height. Use flame duration and ratio of tree height to flame height as
inputs. **Enter ratio of lofted firebrand height to flame height in Box
C on the Spotting Worksheet.**

NOMOGRAM 4―Maximum Spotting Distance

![](media/image7.png){width="3.4131944444444446in"
height="5.197222222222222in"}

On the lower right-hand edge of nomogram 4 locate the firebrand height.
Proceed vertically to the effective tree cover height. Move left
horizontally until you reach the treetop windspeed, move vertically down
to the bottom axis and read the maximum spotting distance. **Enter the
maximum spotting distance on the Spotting Worksheet.**

**OUTPUT 9: Probability of Ignition (PIG), %**

Use Table 12 on page B-55 and the dry bulb temperature (Input 2),
shading (Input 8) and the fine dead fuel moisture (Output 1) from the
Fine Dead Fuel Moisture/Probability of Ignition Worksheet to determine
probability of ignition. **Enter probability of ignition as Output 2 on
the worksheet. Also record it a Output 9 on the Fire Behavior Worksheet
on page B-5.**

![](media/image8.png){width="6.322916666666667in" height="2.625in"}

TABLE 13―Fire Severity Related to Fuel Moisture Chart

  ------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ ---------------------------
  Relative                 Fuel                     Fuel                     Relative ease of chance
  [Humidity]{.underline}   [Moisture]{.underline}   [Moisture]{.underline}   ignition and spotting,
                                                                             general burning conditions.

  \>60                     \>20                     \>15                     Very little ignition; some
                                                                             spotting may occur with
                                                                             winds above 9 mi/h.

  45-60                    15-19                    12-15                    Low ignition hazard --
                                                                             campfires become dangerous;
                                                                             glowing brands cause
                                                                             ignition when relative
                                                                             humidity is \<50 percent.

  30-45                    11-14                    10-12                    Medium ignition hazard --
                                                                             matches become dangerous;
                                                                             "easy" burning conditions.

  26-40                    8-10                     8-9                      High ignition hazard --
                                                                             matches are dangerous;
                                                                             occasional crowning,
                                                                             spotting caused by gusty
                                                                             winds: "moderate" burning
                                                                             conditions.

  15-30                    5-7                      5-7                      Quick ignition, rapid
                                                                             buildup, extensive
                                                                             crowning; any increase in
                                                                             wind causes increased
                                                                             spotting, crowning, loss of
                                                                             control; fire moves up bark
                                                                             of trees igniting aerial
                                                                             fuels; long distance
                                                                             spotting in pine stands;
                                                                             dangerous burning
                                                                             conditions.

  \<15                     \<5                      \<5                      All sources of ignition
                                                                             dangerous; aggressive
                                                                             burning, spot fires occur
                                                                             often and spread rapidly,
                                                                             extreme fire behavior
                                                                             probable; critical burning
                                                                             conditions.
  ------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ ---------------------------

DIAGRAM 3―Fire Behavior Characteristics Chart (Light Fuel)

![](media/image9.png){width="3.2131944444444445in"
height="4.158333333333333in"}

DIAGRAM 4―Fire Behavior Characteristics Chart (Heavy Fuel)

![](media/image10.png){width="3.4590277777777776in"
height="4.674305555555556in"}

TABLE 14―Fire Suppression Interpretations¹

**CAUTION:** These are not guides to personal safety. Fires can be
dangerous at any level of intensity. Wilson (1977) has shown that most
fatalities occur in light fuels on small fires or isolated sections of
large fires.

+------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------+
| Flame      | Fireline        | Interpretations                      |
| Length     | Intensity       |                                      |
|            | (Btu/ft/s)      |                                      |
| (ft)       |                 |                                      |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------+
| 0-4        | 0-100           | Fires can generally be attacked at   |
|            |                 | the head or flanks by persons using  |
|            |                 | hand tools.                          |
|            |                 |                                      |
|            |                 | Handline should hold the fire.       |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------+
| 4-8        | 100-500         | Fires are too intense for direct     |
|            |                 | attack on the head by persons using  |
|            |                 | hand tools.                          |
|            |                 |                                      |
|            |                 | Handline cannot be relied on to hold |
|            |                 | fire. Equipment such as dozers,      |
|            |                 | engines, and retardant aircraft can  |
|            |                 | be effective.                        |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------+
| 8-11       | 500-1,000       | Fires may present serious control    |
|            |                 | problems -- torching out, crowning,  |
|            |                 | and spotting                         |
|            |                 |                                      |
|            |                 | Control efforts at the head of the   |
|            |                 | fire will probably be ineffective.   |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------+
| 11+        | 1,000+          | Crowning, spotting, and major runs   |
|            |                 | are common.                          |
|            |                 |                                      |
|            |                 | Control efforts at the head of the   |
|            |                 | fire are ineffective.                |
+------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------+

**¹ Help in Making Fuel Management Decisions**, 1975; Research Paper
NC-112, USDA: Forest Service

**SAFETY AND FIRE BEHAVIOR**

• Probably the most important aspect of predicting fire behavior is to
identify potentially dangerous fireline conditions.

• Be alert to all potentially dangerous situations and communicate the
danger to all affected personnel.

• Know, remember, and use:

• THE STANDARD ORDERS (Inside Cover)

• THE 18 WATCHOUT SITUATIONS (Inside Cover)

• THE FOUR COMMON DENOMINATORS OF FIRE BEHAVIOR ON TRAGEDY AND NEAR-MISS
FIRES (Inside Cover)

• DOWNHILL/INDIRECT LINE CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES (Chapter 4)

• THE 9 URBANWILDLAND "WATCHOUTS"

• LCES (LOOK OUTS, COMMUNICATIONS, ESCAPE ROUTES, AND SAFETY ZONES)

• LOOK UP, LOOK DOWN, LOOK AROUND

Safety and Fire Behavior

![](media/image11.png){width="2.9763888888888888in"
height="0.8333333333333334in"}

**FIRE ENVIRONMENT**

**FACTORS INDICATORS**

**Fuel Characteristics** Continuous fine fuels CARRIER! A**ssess** Heavy
loading of dead and down

Ladder Fuels

Tight crown spacing (\<20 ft.)

Special Conditions:

Firebrand sources

Numerous snags

Preheated canopy

Frost and bug kill

Unusual fine fuels

High dead-to-live ratio

Urban/Wildland

**Fuel Moisture** How RH (Dangerous \<25%)

**Feel & Measure** Low 10 hr FMC (Dangerous \<6%)

Drought conditions

Seasonal drying

**Fuel Temperature** High temps (above 85 ˚F)

**Feel & Measure** High % of fuels with direct sun

Aspect with increasing fuel temps.

**Terrain** Steep slopes (\>50%)

**Scout** Chutes

Saddles

Narrow canyons

![](media/image11.png){width="2.8722222222222222in"
height="0.7284722222222222in"}

**FIRE ENVIRONMENT**

**FACTORS INDICATORS**

**Wind** Surface winds above 10 mi/h

**Observe** Lenticular clouds

High, fast moving clouds

Approaching cold front

Cumulonimbus development

Sudden calm

Battling winds

**Stability** Clear visibility

**Observe** Gusty winds and dust devils

Cumulus clouds

Castellatus clouds in the a.m.

Smoke rises straight up

Inversion beginning to lift

Thermal belt

**Fire Behavior** Learning column

**Watch** Sheared column

Well developed column

Trees torching

Smouldering fires picking up

Small firewhirls beginning

Frequent spot fires

**Remember to Expect Diurnal Changes!**

> **•RH• •Winds•**
>
> **•Temperature• •Stability•**

**•** Indicators may vary in different regions and fuel types.

• Ask questions in unfamiliar situations.

Tables 15 through 78―Rate of Spread and Flame Length Tables by

Fuel Type and Percent Slope

NOTE: Tables 15 to 78 for ROS and FL (Output Items 1 and 4) on the Fire
Behavior Worksheet reflect slope classes 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 percent.
You may use the slope class closest to the actual slope recorded (for
Input Item 5) or interpolate between the slope class.

TABLE 15: FUEL MODEL 1―0% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ---------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                              
  Moisture     mi/h                                                        
  (1-Hour)                                                                 

               0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.      8\.      10\.      12\.

               Rate of                                                     
               Spread/Chains                                               
               per Hour                                                    

  3.0          5               22      77      172      307      •446      •446

  6.0          4               18      61      135      242      •270      •270

  9.0          3               13      45      101      •136     •136      •136

  12.0+        0               0       0       0        0        0         0

               Flame                                                       
               Length/Feet                                                 

  3.0          1.3             2.5     4.5     6.4      8.4      •10.0     •10.0

  6.0          1.1             2.1     3.8     5.4      7.1      •7.5      •7.5

  9.0          0.9             1.7     3.0     4.3      •5.0     •5.0      •5.0

  12.0+        0.0             0.0     0.0     0.0      0.0      0.0       0.0

               **•MEANS YOU                                                
               HIT THE WIND                                                
               LIMIT.**                                                    
  ------------ --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ---------

TABLE 16: FUEL MODEL 1―30% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ---------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                              
  Moisture     mi/h                                                        
  (1-Hour)                                                                 

               0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.      8\.      10\.      12\.

               Rate of                                                     
               Spread/Chains                                               
               per Hour                                                    

  3.0          25              42      97      191      327      446•      446•

  6.0          20              33      76      151      257      270•      270•

  9.0          15              25      57      112      136•     136•      136•

  12.0+        0               0       0       0        0        0         0

               Flame                                                       
               Length/Feet                                                 

  3.0          2.7             3.4     4.9     6.8      8.6      10.0•     10.0•

  6.0          2.2             2.8     4.2     5.7      7.3      7.5•      7.5•

  9.0          1.8             2.3     3.3     4.6      5.0•     5.0•      5.0•

  12.0+        0.0             0.0     0.0     0.0      0.0      0.0       0.0

               **•MEANS YOU                                                
               HIT THE WIND                                                
               LIMIT.**                                                    
  ------------ --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ---------

TABLE 17: FUEL MODEL 1―45% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- ---------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                               
  Moisture     mi/h                                                         
  (1-Hour)                                                                  

               0\.             2\.     4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.      12\.

               Rate of                                                      
               Spread/Chains                                                
               per Hour                                                     

  3.0          50              67      122      216      352      446•      446•

  6.0          39              53      96       170      270•     270•      270•

  9.0          29              39      71       127      136•     136•      136•

  12.0+        0               0       0        0        0        0         0

               Flame                                                        
               Length/Feet                                                  

  3.0          3.6             4.2     5.5      7.1      8.9      10.0•     10.0•

  6.0          3.1             3.5     4.6      6.0      7.5•     7.5•      7.5•

  9.0          2.5             2.8     3.7      4.8      5.0•     5.0•      5.0•

  12.0+        0.0             0.0     0.0      0.0      0.0      0.0       0.0

               **•MEANS YOU                                                 
               HIT THE WIND                                                 
               LIMIT.**                                                     
  ------------ --------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- ---------

TABLE 18: FUEL MODEL 1―60% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ---------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                              
  Moisture     mi/h                                                        
  (1-Hour)                                                                 

               0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.      8\.      10\.      12\.

               Rate of                                                     
               Spread/Chains                                               
               per Hour                                                    

  3.0          84              101     156     251      386      446•      446•

  6.0          66              80      123     197      270•     270•      270•

  9.0          49              59      91      136•     136•     136•      136•

  12.0+        0               0       0       0        0        0         0

               Flame                                                       
               Length/Feet                                                 

  3.0          4.6             5.0     6.2     7.7      9.3      10.0•     10.0•

  6.0          3.9             4.3     5.2     6.5      7.5•     7.5•      7.5•

  9.0          3.1             3.4     4.1     5.9•     5.0•     5.0•      5.0•

  12.0+        0.0             0.0     0.0     0.0      0.0      0.0       0.0

               **•MEANS YOU                                                
               HIT THE WIND                                                
               LIMIT.**                                                    
  ------------ --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- --------- ---------

TABLE 19: FUEL MODEL 1―90% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                              
  Moisture     mi/h                                                        
  (1-Hour)                                                                 

               0\.             2\.     4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

               Rate of                                                     
               Spread/Chains                                               
               per Hour                                                    

  3.0          183             200     255      251      349      446•     446•

  6.0          144             157     200      197      270•     270•     270•

  9.0          107             117     136•     136•     136•     136•     136•

  12.0+        0               0       0        0        0        0        0

               Flame                                                       
               Length/Feet                                                 

  3.0          6.6             6.9     7.7      8.9      10.0•    10.0•    10.0•

  6.0          5.6             5.8     6.5      7.5•     7.5•     7.5•     7.5•

  9.0          4.5             4.7     5.0•     5.0•     5.0•     5.0•     5.0•

  12.0+        0.0             0.0     0.0      0.0      0.0      0.0      0.0

               **•MEANS YOU                                                
               HIT THE WIND                                                
               LIMIT.**                                                    
  ------------ --------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 20: FUEL MODEL 2―0% SLOPE

+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| F   |      | Mi  |      |      |        |       |       |       |
| uel |      | dfl |      |      |        |       |       |       |
| Mo  |      | ame |      |      |        |       |       |       |
| ist |      | Wi  |      |      |        |       |       |       |
| ure |      | nd, |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | m   |      |      |        |       |       |       |
| \%  |      | i/h |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      |     |      |      |        |       |       |       |
| (1  |      |     |      |      |        |       |       |       |
| -Ho |      |     |      |      |        |       |       |       |
| ur) |      |     |      |      |        |       |       |       |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
|     |      | 0\. | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.    | 8\.   | 10\.  | 12\.  |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
|     |      | R   |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | ate |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | of  |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | S   |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | pre |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | ad/ |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | Cha |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | ins |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | per |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | H   |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | our |      |      |        |       |       |       |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0 | 12   | 3   | 11   | 2    | 56062  | 9     | 13    | 19    |
|     | 0-90 |     |      | 8-31 |        | 2-102 | 8-152 | 1-211 |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0 | 12   | 2   | 9    | 2    | 45-50  | 75-83 | 11    | 15    |
|     | 0-90 |     |      | 3-25 |        |       | 2-124 | 6-172 |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0 | 12   | 2   | 8    | 2    | 40-44  | 66-73 | 9     | 13    |
|     | 0-90 |     |      | 0-22 |        |       | 9-109 | 7-151 |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1   | 12   | 2   | 6    | 16   | 30-33  | 49-54 | 73-81 | 10    |
| 2.0 | 0-90 |     |      |      |        |       |       | 2-112 |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1   | 12   | •0  | •0   | •3   | •3     | •3    | •3    | •3    |
| 5.0 | 0-90 |     |      |      |        |       |       |       |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| 18  | 12   | 0   | 0    | 0    | 0      | 0     | 0     | 0     |
| .0+ | 0-90 |     |      |      |        |       |       |       |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
|     |      | Fl  |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | ame |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | Le  |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | ngt |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | h/F |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | eet |      |      |        |       |       |       |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0 | 12   | 2.1 | 3.8  | 6.2  | 8.4    | 10.7  | 12.8  | 14.9  |
|     | 0-90 |     |      |      |        |       |       |       |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0 | 12   | 1.8 | 3.2  | 5.3  | 7.2    | 9.1   | 11.0  | 12.8  |
|     | 0-90 |     |      |      |        |       |       |       |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0 | 12   | 1.7 | 3.0  | 4.8  | 6.6    | 8.4   | 10.0  | 11.6  |
|     | 0-90 |     |      |      |        |       |       |       |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1   | 12   | 1.3 | 2.3  | 3.7  | 5.2    | 6.5   | 7.8   | 9.1   |
| 2.0 | 0-90 |     |      |      |        |       |       |       |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1   | 12   | •   | •0.3 | •0.4 | •0.5   | •0.5  | •0.5  | •0.5  |
| 5.0 | 0-90 | 0.2 |      |      |        |       |       |       |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| 18  | 12   | 0.0 | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0    | 0.0   | 0.0   | 0.0   |
| .0+ | 0-90 |     |      |      |        |       |       |       |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
|     |      | **  |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | •ME |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | ANS |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | YOU |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | HIT |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | THE |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | W   |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | IND |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | LI  |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | MIT |      |      |        |       |       |       |
|     |      | .** |      |      |        |       |       |       |
+-----+------+-----+------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------+

TABLE 21: FUEL MODEL 2―30% SLOPE

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><p>Fuel Moisture</p>
<p>%</p>
<p>(1-Hour)</p></td>
<td colspan="13">Midflame Wind, mi/h</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>0.</td>
<td colspan="2">2.</td>
<td colspan="2">4.</td>
<td colspan="2">6.</td>
<td colspan="2">8.</td>
<td colspan="2">10.</td>
<td colspan="2">12.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="13">Rate of Spread/Chains per Hour</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>3.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">9</td>
<td colspan="2">15-17</td>
<td colspan="2">34-37</td>
<td colspan="2">61-68</td>
<td colspan="2">98-109</td>
<td colspan="2">144-159</td>
<td>197-218</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>6.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">8</td>
<td colspan="2">14</td>
<td colspan="2">27-30</td>
<td colspan="2">50-55</td>
<td colspan="2">80-88</td>
<td colspan="2">117-129</td>
<td>161-177</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>9.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">7</td>
<td colspan="2">12</td>
<td colspan="2">24-27</td>
<td colspan="2">44-49</td>
<td colspan="2">70-78</td>
<td colspan="2">103-113</td>
<td>141-156</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">5</td>
<td colspan="2">9</td>
<td colspan="2">18-20</td>
<td colspan="2">33-36</td>
<td colspan="2">52-57</td>
<td colspan="2">76-84</td>
<td>105-115</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>15.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">•1</td>
<td colspan="2">•1</td>
<td colspan="2">•2</td>
<td colspan="2">•2</td>
<td colspan="2">•2</td>
<td colspan="2">•2</td>
<td>•2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>18.0+</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="13">Flame Length/Feet</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>3.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">3.5</td>
<td colspan="2">4.7</td>
<td colspan="2">6.7</td>
<td colspan="2">8.8</td>
<td colspan="2">10.9</td>
<td colspan="2">13.0</td>
<td>15.1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>6.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">3.0</td>
<td colspan="2">4.0</td>
<td colspan="2">5.8</td>
<td colspan="2">7.5</td>
<td colspan="2">9.4</td>
<td colspan="2">11.2</td>
<td>12.9</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>9.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">2.8</td>
<td colspan="2">3.7</td>
<td colspan="2">5.3</td>
<td colspan="2">6.9</td>
<td colspan="2">8.6</td>
<td colspan="2">10.2</td>
<td>11.8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>12.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">2.2</td>
<td colspan="2">2.9</td>
<td colspan="2">4.1</td>
<td colspan="2">5.4</td>
<td colspan="2">6.7</td>
<td colspan="2">8.0</td>
<td>9.3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>15.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">•0.3</td>
<td colspan="2">•0.3</td>
<td colspan="2">•0.5</td>
<td colspan="2">•0.5</td>
<td colspan="2">•0.5</td>
<td colspan="2">•0.5</td>
<td>•0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>18.0+</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">0.0</td>
<td colspan="2">0.0</td>
<td colspan="2">0.0</td>
<td colspan="2">0.0</td>
<td colspan="2">0.0</td>
<td colspan="2">0.0</td>
<td>0.0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="13"><strong>•MEANS YOU HIT THE WIND LIMIT.</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

TABLE 22: FUEL MODEL 2―45% SLOPE

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><p>Fuel Moisture</p>
<p>%</p>
<p>(1-Hour)</p></td>
<td colspan="9">Midflame Wind, mi/h</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">0.</td>
<td>2.</td>
<td>4.</td>
<td>6.</td>
<td colspan="2">8.</td>
<td>10.</td>
<td>12.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="9">Rate of Spread/Chains per Hour</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>3.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">17</td>
<td>23-25</td>
<td>41-45</td>
<td>69-76</td>
<td>105-117</td>
<td colspan="2">151-167</td>
<td>204-226</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>6.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">14</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>33-37</td>
<td>56-62</td>
<td>86-95</td>
<td colspan="2">123-136</td>
<td>167-184</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>9.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">12</td>
<td>16-18</td>
<td>29-32</td>
<td>49-54</td>
<td>76-83</td>
<td colspan="2">108-119</td>
<td>147-161</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">9</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>22-24</td>
<td>37-40</td>
<td>56-62</td>
<td colspan="2">80-88</td>
<td>109-129</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>15.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">•1</td>
<td>•1</td>
<td>•2</td>
<td>•2</td>
<td>•2</td>
<td colspan="2">•2</td>
<td>•2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>18.0+</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="9">Flame Length/Feet</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>3.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">4.7</td>
<td>5.6</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>9.3</td>
<td>11.3</td>
<td colspan="2">13.4</td>
<td>15.3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>6.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">4.0</td>
<td>4.8</td>
<td>6.3</td>
<td>7.9</td>
<td>9.7</td>
<td colspan="2">11.4</td>
<td>13.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>9.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">3.7</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>5.8</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>8.9</td>
<td colspan="2">10.5</td>
<td>12.0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>12.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">2.9</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>5.7</td>
<td>6.9</td>
<td colspan="2">8.2</td>
<td>9.4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>15.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">•0.3</td>
<td>•0.4</td>
<td>•0.5</td>
<td>•0.5</td>
<td>•0.5</td>
<td colspan="2">•0.5</td>
<td>•0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>18.0+</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">0.0</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td colspan="2">0.0</td>
<td>0.0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="8"><strong>•MEANS YOU HIT THE WIND LIMIT.</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

TABLE 23: FULE MODEL 2―60% SLOPE

+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| F   |      | Mi |      |      |      |         |        |        |
| uel |      | df |      |      |      |         |        |        |
| Mo  |      | la |      |      |      |         |        |        |
| ist |      | me |      |      |      |         |        |        |
| ure |      | W  |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | in |      |      |      |         |        |        |
| \%  |      | d, |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | mi |      |      |      |         |        |        |
| (1  |      | /h |      |      |      |         |        |        |
| -Ho |      |    |      |      |      |         |        |        |
| ur) |      |    |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
|     |      | 0  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.  | 8\.     | 10\.   | 12\.   |
|     |      | \. |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
|     |      | Ra |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | te |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | of |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | S  |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | pr |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | ea |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | d/ |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | Ch |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | ai |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | ns |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | p  |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | er |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | Ho |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | ur |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 3.0 | 12   | 2  | 3    | 5    | 7    | 116-128 | 1      | 2      |
|     | 0-90 | 6- | 3-36 | 1-56 | 9-87 |         | 61-178 | 14-237 |
|     |      | 28 |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 6.0 | 12   | 2  | 2    | 4    | 6    | 94-104  | 1      | 1      |
|     | 0-90 | 1- | 7-30 | 2-46 | 4-71 |         | 31-145 | 75-193 |
|     |      | 23 |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 9.0 | 12   | 1  | 2    | 3    | 5    | 83-91   | 1      | 1      |
|     | 0-90 | 8- | 4-26 | 7-40 | 7-62 |         | 15-127 | 54-169 |
|     |      | 20 |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1   | 12   | 15 | 1    | 2    | 4    | 62-68   | 86-94  | 1      |
| 2.0 | 0-90 |    | 7-19 | 7-30 | 2-46 |         |        | 14-126 |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1   | 12   | •1 | •2   | •2   | •2   | •2      | •0     | •0     |
| 5.0 | 0-90 |    |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 18  | 12   | 0  | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0       | 0      | 0      |
| .0+ | 0-90 |    |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
|     |      | F  |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | la |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | me |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | L  |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | en |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | gt |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | h/ |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | Fe |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | et |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 3.0 | 12   | 5  | 6.6  | 8.1  | 9.9  | 11.8    | 13.8   | 15.7   |
|     | 0-90 | .9 |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 6.0 | 12   | 5  | 5.7  | 6.9  | 8.5  | 10.1    | 11.8   | 13.5   |
|     | 0-90 | .1 |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 9.0 | 12   | 4  | 5.2  | 6.4  | 7.7  | 9.3     | 10.8   | 12.3   |
|     | 0-90 | .6 |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1   | 12   | 3  | 4.1  | 5.0  | 6.1  | 7.2     | 8.4    | 9.6    |
| 2.0 | 0-90 | .6 |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1   | 12   | •0 | •0.5 | •0.5 | •0.5 | •0.5    | •0.5   | •0.5   |
| 5.0 | 0-90 | .4 |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 18  | 12   | 0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0  | 0.0     | 0.0    | 0.0    |
| .0+ | 0-90 | .0 |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+
|     |      | ** |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | •M |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | EA |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | NS |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | Y  |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | OU |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | H  |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | IT |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | T  |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | HE |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | WI |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | ND |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | LI |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | MI |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | T. |      |      |      |         |        |        |
|     |      | ** |      |      |      |         |        |        |
+-----+------+----+------+------+------+---------+--------+--------+

TABLE 24: FUEL MODEL 2―90% SLOPE

+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| F   |      | Mi  |     |      |        |        |      |        |
| uel |      | dfl |     |      |        |        |      |        |
| Mo  |      | ame |     |      |        |        |      |        |
| ist |      | Wi  |     |      |        |        |      |        |
| ure |      | nd, |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | m   |     |      |        |        |      |        |
| \%  |      | i/h |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      |     |     |      |        |        |      |        |
| (1  |      |     |     |      |        |        |      |        |
| -Ho |      |     |     |      |        |        |      |        |
| ur) |      |     |     |      |        |        |      |        |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
|     |      | 0\. | 2\. | 4\.  | 6\.    | 8\.    | 10\. | 12\.   |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
|     |      | R   |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | ate |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | of  |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | S   |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | pre |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | ad/ |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | Cha |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | ins |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | per |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | H   |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | our |     |      |        |        |      |        |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| 3.0 | 12   | 55  | 63  | 8    | 1      | 1      | 190  | 2      |
|     | 0-90 | -60 | -68 | 0-88 | 08-119 | 44-160 | -210 | 43-269 |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| 6.0 | 12   | 45  | 50  | 6    | 88-97  | 1      | 155  | 1      |
|     | 0-90 | -49 | -56 | 5-72 |        | 18-130 | -171 | 99-219 |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| 9.0 | 12   | 39  | 44  | 5    | 77-85  | 1      | 136  | 1      |
|     | 0-90 | -43 | -49 | 7-63 |        | 04-114 | -150 | 75-192 |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| 1   | 12   | 29  | 33  | 4    | 57-63  | 77-85  | 101  | 1      |
| 2.0 | 0-90 | -32 | -36 | 3-47 |        |        | -111 | 30-142 |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| 1   | 12   | •2  | •2  | •2   | •2     | •2     | •2   | •2     |
| 5.0 | 0-90 |     |     |      |        |        |      |        |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| 18  | 12   | 0   | 0   | 0    | 0      | 0      | 0    | 0      |
| .0+ | 0-90 |     |     |      |        |        |      |        |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
|     |      | Fl  |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | ame |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | Le  |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | ngt |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | h/F |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | eet |     |      |        |        |      |        |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| 3.0 | 12   | 8.4 | 8.9 | 10.0 | 11.4   | 13.1   | 14.8 | 16.6   |
|     | 0-90 |     |     |      |        |        |      |        |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| 6.0 | 12   | 7.2 | 7.6 | 8.5  | 9.8    | 11.3   | 12.7 | 14.2   |
|     | 0-90 |     |     |      |        |        |      |        |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| 9.0 | 12   | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.8  | 9.0    | 10.3   | 11.6 | 13.0   |
|     | 0-90 |     |     |      |        |        |      |        |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| 1   | 12   | 5.1 | 5.5 | 6.1  | 7.0    | 8.0    | 9.1  | 10.2   |
| 2.0 | 0-90 |     |     |      |        |        |      |        |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| 1   | 12   | •   | •   | •0.5 | •0.5   | •0.5   | •0.5 | •0.5   |
| 5.0 | 0-90 | 0.5 | 0.5 |      |        |        |      |        |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
| 18  | 12   | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0  | 0.0    | 0.0    | 0.0  | 0.0    |
| .0+ | 0-90 |     |     |      |        |        |      |        |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+
|     |      | **  |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | •ME |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | ANS |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | YOU |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | HIT |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | THE |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | W   |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | IND |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | LI  |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | MIT |     |      |        |        |      |        |
|     |      | .** |     |      |        |        |      |        |
+-----+------+-----+-----+------+--------+--------+------+--------+

TABLE 25: FUEL MODEL 3―0% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                               
  Moisture     mi/h                                                         
  (1-Hour)                                                                  

               0\.             2\.      4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

               Rate of                                                      
               Spread/Chains                                                
               per Hour                                                     

  3.0          6               52       121      201      290      387      490

  6.0          5               39       89       148      214      286      361

  9.0          4               32       73       122      176      234      296

  12.0         3               28       64       107      154      206      260

  15.0         3               25       57       95       137      182      213

  18.0         2               20       47       79       114      151      191

  21.0         2               14       32       53       77       103      130

               Flame                                                        
               Length/Feet                                                  

  3.0          3.8             10.1     14.8     18.7     22.2     25.3     28.2

  6.0          3.0             8.0      11.8     14.9     17.7     20.2     22.5

  9.0          2.6             7.0      10.3     13.0     15.4     17.6     19.6

  12.0         2.4             6.5      9.5      12.1     14.3     16.3     18.2

  15.0         2.2             6.0      8.9      11.2     13.3     15.2     16.9

  18.0         2.0             5.3      7.7      9.8      11.6     13.2     14.7

  21.0         1.4             3.8      5.6      7.1      8.4      9.6      10.7
  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 26: FUEL MODEL 3―30% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                               
  Moisture     mi/h                                                         
  (1-Hour)                                                                  

               0\.             2\.      4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

               Rate of                                                      
               Spread/Chains                                                
               per Hour                                                     

  3.0          26              72       140      221      310      407      510

  6.0          19              53       103      163      229      300      376

  9.0          16              43       85       133      187      246      308

  12.0         14              38       75       117      165      216      271

  15.0         12              34       66       104      146      192      240

  18.0         10              28       55       86       121      159      199

  21.0         7               19       37       59       82       108      135

               Flame                                                        
               Length/Feet                                                  

  3.0          7.3             11.7     15.9     19.6     22.9     25.9     28.7

  6.0          5.8             9.3      12.6     15.6     18.2     20.6     22.9

  9.0          5.0             8.1      11.0     13.6     15.9     18.0     19.9

  12.0         4.7             7.5      10.2     12.6     14.7     16.7     18.5

  15.0         4.4             7.0      9.5      11.7     13.7     15.5     17.2

  18.0         3.8             6.1      8.3      10.2     11.9     13.5     15.0

  21.0         2.7             4.4      6.0      7.4      8.6      9.8      10.9
  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 27: FUEL MOEL 3―45% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                               
  Moisture     mi/h                                                         
  (1-Hour)                                                                  

               0\.             2\.      4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

               Rate of                                                      
               Spread/Chains                                                
               per Hour                                                     

  3.0          50              96       165      245      334      431      534

  6.0          37              71       122      181      247      318      394

  9.0          30              58       100      148      202      261      323

  12.0         27              51       88       130      178      229      284

  15.0         24              45       78       116      158      203      252

  18.0         20              38       64       96       131      168      209

  21.0         13              26       44       65       89       115      142

               Flame                                                        
               Length/Feet                                                  

  3.0          9.9             13.4     17.1     20.5     23.7     26.6     29.4

  6.0          7.9             10.6     13.6     16.3     18.8     21.2     23.4

  9.0          6.9             9.3      11.9     14.2     16.4     18.5     20.4

  12.0         6.4             8.6      11.0     13.2     15.2     17.1     18.9

  15.0         5.9             8.0      10.2     12.3     14.2     15.9     17.6

  18.0         5.2             7.0      8.9      10.7     12.4     13.9     15.3

  21.0         3.7             5.1      6.5      7.8      9.0      10.1     11.1
  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 28: FUEL MODEL3―60% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                               
  Moisture     mi/h                                                         
  (1-Hour)                                                                  

               0\.             2\.      4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

               Rate of                                                      
               Spread/Chains                                                
               per Hour                                                     

  3.0          84              131      199      279      369      465      568

  6.0          62              96       147      206      272      343      419

  9.0          51              79       120      169      223      281      344

  12.0         45              69       106      149      196      247      302

  15.0         40              62       94       132      174      219      268

  18.0         33              51       78       109      144      182      222

  21.0         22              35       53       74       98       124      151

               Flame                                                        
               Length/Feet                                                  

  3.0          12.6            15.4     18.7     21.8     24.8     27.6     30.2

  6.0          10.0            12.2     14.8     17.3     19.7     21.9     24.0

  9.0          8.7             10.7     12.9     15.1     17.2     19.1     21.0

  12.0         8.1             9.9      12.0     14.0     15.9     17.7     19.4

  15.0         7.5             9.2      11.2     13.0     14.8     16.5     18.1

  18.0         6.6             8.0      0.76     11.4     12.9     14.4     15.8

  21.0         4.8             5.8      7.1      8.2      9.4      10.4     11.4
  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 29: FUEL MODEL 3―90% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                               
  Moisture     mi/h                                                         
  (1-Hour)                                                                  

               0\.             2\.      4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

               Rate of                                                      
               Spread/Chains                                                
               per Hour                                                     

  3.0          182             228      297      377      467      563      666

  6.0          134             168      219      278      344      415      491

  9.0          110             138      179      228      282      341      403

  12.0         97              121      158      201      248      299      354

  15.0         86              108      140      178      220      266      314

  18.0         71              89       116      147      182      220      260

  21.0         48              61       79       100      124      150      177

               Flame                                                        
               Length/Feet                                                  

  3.0          17.9            19.9     22.4     25.0     27.6     30.1     32.5

  6.0          14.3            15.8     17.8     19.9     22.0     23.9     25.9

  9.0          12.4            13.8     15.6     17.4     19.2     20.9     22.6

  12.0         11.5            12.8     14.4     16.1     17.7     19.4     20.9

  15.0         10.7            11.9     13.4     15.0     16.5     18.0     19.5

  18.0         9.3             10.4     11.7     13.1     14.4     15.7     17.0

  21.0         6.8             7.5      8.5      9.5      10.4     11.4     12.3
  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 30: FUEL MODEL 4―0% SLOPE

+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| F   |      | Midf |      |      |       |       |       |        |
| uel |      | lame |      |      |       |       |       |        |
| Mo  |      | W    |      |      |       |       |       |        |
| ist |      | ind, |      |      |       |       |       |        |
| ure |      | mi/h |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |        |
| \%  |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |        |
| (1  |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |        |
| -Ho |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |        |
| ur) |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |        |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
|     |      | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.   | 8\.   | 10\.  | 12\.   |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
|     |      | Rate |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      | of   |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      | S    |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      | prea |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      | d/Ch |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      | ains |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      | per  |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      | Hour |      |      |       |       |       |        |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 3.0 | 12   | 5    | 2    | 5    | 9     | 14    | 19    | 2      |
|     | 0-90 |      | 4-29 | 6-70 | 7-120 | 3-178 | 5-243 | 52-313 |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 6.0 | 12   | 4    | 2    | 4    | 8     | 12    | 17    | 2      |
|     | 0-90 |      | 1-25 | 9-61 | 5-104 | 6-155 | 1-211 | 21-272 |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 9.0 | 12   | 4    | 1    | 4    | 79-96 | 11    | 16    | 2      |
|     | 0-90 |      | 9-23 | 6-56 |       | 7-143 | 0-194 | 06-250 |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 1   | 12   | 4    | 1    | 4    | 74-90 | 11    | 14    | 1      |
| 2.0 | 0-90 |      | 8-22 | 3-53 |       | 0-134 | 9-183 | 92-235 |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 1   | 12   | 3    | 1    | 2    | 47-78 | 7     | 9     | 1      |
| 5.0 | 0-90 |      | 2-19 | 8-46 |       | 0-116 | 6-158 | 24-204 |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 18  | 12   | 1    | 6    | 1    | 19-23 | 29-34 | 39-46 | 51-60  |
| .0+ | 0-90 |      |      | 1-13 |       |       |       |        |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 2   | 12   | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0      |
| 1.0 | 0-90 |      |      |      |       |       |       |        |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
|     |      | F    |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      | lame |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      | Len  |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      | gth/ |      |      |       |       |       |        |
|     |      | Feet |      |      |       |       |       |        |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 3.0 | 12   | 5.7  | 1    | 1    | 23-25 | 27-31 | 32-35 | 35-40  |
|     | 0-90 |      | 2-13 | 8-20 |       |       |       |        |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 6.0 | 12   | 5.1  | 1    | 1    | 20-23 | 25-27 | 28-32 | 32-35  |
|     | 0-90 |      | 1-12 | 6-18 |       |       |       |        |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 9.0 | 12   | 4.8  | 1    | 1    | 19-21 | 23-26 | 27-30 | 30-33  |
|     | 0-90 |      | 0-11 | 5-17 |       |       |       |        |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 1   | 12   | 4.6  | 1    | 1    | 18-20 | 22-24 | 25-28 | 28-32  |
| 2.0 | 0-90 |      | 0-11 | 4-16 |       |       |       |        |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 1   | 12   | 3-4  | 6-10 | 1    | 12-18 | 15-22 | 17-25 | 19-28  |
| 5.0 | 0-90 |      |      | 0-14 |       |       |       |        |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 18  | 12   | 1    | 3    | 4-5  | 6     | 7     | 8     | 9      |
| .0+ | 0-90 |      |      |      |       |       |       |        |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 2   | 12   | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0      |
| 1.0 | 0-90 |      |      |      |       |       |       |        |
+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+--------+

TABLE 31: FUEL MODEL 4―30% SLOPE

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><p>Fuel Moisture</p>
<p>%</p>
<p>(1-Hour)</p></td>
<td colspan="13">Midflame Wind, mi/h</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>0.</td>
<td colspan="2">2.</td>
<td colspan="2">4.</td>
<td colspan="2">6.</td>
<td colspan="2">8.</td>
<td colspan="2">10.</td>
<td colspan="2">12.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="13">Rate of Spread/Chains per Hour</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>3.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">15-18</td>
<td colspan="2">34-42</td>
<td colspan="2">67-83</td>
<td colspan="2">107-133</td>
<td colspan="2">154-191</td>
<td colspan="2">206-256</td>
<td>262-326</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>6.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">13-16</td>
<td colspan="2">30-37</td>
<td colspan="2">58-72</td>
<td colspan="2">94-116</td>
<td colspan="2">135-166</td>
<td colspan="2">180-222</td>
<td>230-283</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>9.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">12-14</td>
<td colspan="2">28-34</td>
<td colspan="2">55-66</td>
<td colspan="2">88-107</td>
<td colspan="2">126-153</td>
<td colspan="2">168-205</td>
<td>215-261</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">11-14</td>
<td colspan="2">26-32</td>
<td colspan="2">51-62</td>
<td colspan="2">82-100</td>
<td colspan="2">118-144</td>
<td colspan="2">157-192</td>
<td>200-245</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>15.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">7-12</td>
<td colspan="2">17-28</td>
<td colspan="2">33-54</td>
<td colspan="2">53-87</td>
<td colspan="2">76-125</td>
<td colspan="2">101-167</td>
<td>129-213</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>18.0+</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">3</td>
<td colspan="2">8</td>
<td colspan="2">13-16</td>
<td colspan="2">22-25</td>
<td colspan="2">31-37</td>
<td colspan="2">41-49</td>
<td>53-62</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>21.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="13">Flame Length/Feet</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>3.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">10-11</td>
<td colspan="2">14-16</td>
<td colspan="2">19-22</td>
<td colspan="2">24-27</td>
<td colspan="2">28-32</td>
<td colspan="2">32-36</td>
<td>36-40</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>6.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">9</td>
<td colspan="2">13-14</td>
<td colspan="2">17-19</td>
<td colspan="2">21-24</td>
<td colspan="2">25-28</td>
<td colspan="2">29-32</td>
<td>32-36</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>9.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">8-9</td>
<td colspan="2">12-13</td>
<td colspan="2">16-18</td>
<td colspan="2">20-22</td>
<td colspan="2">24-26</td>
<td colspan="2">28-30</td>
<td>31-34</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">8</td>
<td colspan="2">11-13</td>
<td colspan="2">16-17</td>
<td colspan="2">19-21</td>
<td colspan="2">23-25</td>
<td colspan="2">26-29</td>
<td>29-32</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>15.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">5-8</td>
<td colspan="2">8-11</td>
<td colspan="2">10-15</td>
<td colspan="2">13-19</td>
<td colspan="2">15-22</td>
<td colspan="2">18-26</td>
<td>20-29</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>18.0+</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">2</td>
<td colspan="2">4</td>
<td colspan="2">5</td>
<td colspan="2">6</td>
<td colspan="2">7</td>
<td colspan="2">8</td>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>21.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

TABLE 32: FUEL MODEL 4―45% SLOPE

+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Fuel |       | Midf |      |      |       |       |       |       |
| Mois |       | lame |      |      |       |       |       |       |
| ture |       | W    |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       | ind, |      |      |       |       |       |       |
| \%   |       | mi/h |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       |      |      |      |       |       |       |       |
| (1-H |       |      |      |      |       |       |       |       |
| our) |       |      |      |      |       |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |       | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.   | 8\.   | 10\.  | 12\.  |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |       | Rate |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       | of   |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       | S    |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       | prea |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       | d/Ch |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       | ains |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       | per  |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       | Hour |      |      |       |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 1     | 2    | 4    | 8    | 12    | 16    | 21    | 27    |
|      | 20-90 | 7-34 | 7-58 | 0-99 | 0-149 | 7-207 | 9-272 | 5-342 |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 1     | 2    | 4    | 7    | 10    | 14    | 19    | 24    |
|      | 20-90 | 4-30 | 1-51 | 0-86 | 5-130 | 6-180 | 2-236 | 1-297 |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 1     | 2    | 3    | 6    | 9     | 13    | 17    | 22    |
|      | 20-90 | 3-27 | 8-47 | 5-79 | 8-119 | 7-166 | 9-218 | 5-274 |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 1     | 2    | 3    | 6    | 9     | 12    | 16    | 21    |
|      | 20-90 | 1-26 | 6-44 | 1-74 | 2-112 | 7-156 | 7-204 | 0-257 |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 1     | 1    | 2    | 3    | 59-97 | 8     | 10    | 13    |
|      | 20-90 | 4-22 | 3-38 | 9-65 |       | 2-135 | 7-177 | 5-223 |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 1     | 7    | 9-11 | 1    | 24-29 | 34-40 | 44-52 | 55-65 |
| 8.0+ | 20-90 |      |      | 6-19 |       |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 1     | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |       |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |       | F    |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       | lame |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       | Len  |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       | gth/ |      |      |       |       |       |       |
|      |       | Feet |      |      |       |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 1     | 1    | 1    | 2    | 25-28 | 29-33 | 33-37 | 37-41 |
|      | 20-90 | 3-14 | 6-18 | 1-23 |       |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 1     | 1    | 1    | 1    | 23-25 | 26-29 | 30-33 | 33-37 |
|      | 20-90 | 2-13 | 5-16 | 9-21 |       |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 1     | 1    | 1    | 1    | 21-24 | 25-28 | 28-31 | 31-35 |
|      | 20-90 | 1-12 | 4-15 | 8-20 |       |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 1     | 1    | 1    | 1    | 20-13 | 24-26 | 27-30 | 30-33 |
|      | 20-90 | 0-11 | 3-15 | 7-19 |       |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 1     | 7-10 | 9-13 | 1    | 14-20 | 16-23 | 18-26 | 20-28 |
|      | 20-90 |      |      | 1-17 |       |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 1     | 3    | 4    | 5    | 6     | 7     | 8     | 8-9   |
| 8.0+ | 20-90 |      |      |      |       |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 1     | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |       |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

TABLE 33: FUEL MODEL 4―60% SLOPE

+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| Fuel |      | Mi  |      |      |       |       |       |         |
| Mois |      | dfl |      |      |       |       |       |         |
| ture |      | ame |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | Wi  |      |      |       |       |       |         |
| \%   |      | nd, |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | m   |      |      |       |       |       |         |
| (1-H |      | i/h |      |      |       |       |       |         |
| our) |      |     |      |      |       |       |       |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
|      |      | 0\. | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.   | 8\.   | 10\.  | 12\.    |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
|      |      | R   |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | ate |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | of  |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | S   |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | pre |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | ad/ |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | Cha |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | ins |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | per |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | H   |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | our |      |      |       |       |       |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 3.0  | 12   | 26  | 6    | 98   | 13    | 18    | 23    | 293-365 |
|      | 0-90 | -57 | 5-81 | -121 | 8-172 | 5-230 | 7-294 |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 6.0  | 12   | 40  | 5    | 86   | 12    | 16    | 20    | 257-316 |
|      | 0-90 | -49 | 7-70 | -105 | 1-149 | 2-200 | 7-256 |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 9.0  | 12   | 37  | 5    | 8    | 11    | 15    | 19    | 240-292 |
|      | 0-90 | -45 | 3-65 | 0-97 | 3-138 | 1-184 | 4-236 |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 12.0 | 12   | 35  | 5    | 7    | 10    | 14    | 18    | 224-274 |
|      | 0-90 | -43 | 0-61 | 5-91 | 6-129 | 1-173 | 1-221 |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 15.0 | 12   | 22  | 3    | 4    | 6     | 9     | 11    | 144-238 |
|      | 0-90 | -37 | 2-53 | 8-79 | 8-112 | 1-150 | 6-192 |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 1    | 12   | 9   | 1    | 2    | 28-33 | 37-44 | 48-56 | 59-70   |
| 8.0+ | 0-90 | -11 | 3-15 | 0-23 |       |       |       |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 21.0 | 12   | 0   | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0       |
|      | 0-90 |     |      |      |       |       |       |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
|      |      | Fl  |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | ame |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | Le  |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | ngt |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | h/F |      |      |       |       |       |         |
|      |      | eet |      |      |       |       |       |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 3.0  | 12   | 16  | 1    | 2    | 27-30 | 31-34 | 34-39 | 38-43   |
|      | 0-90 | -18 | 9-21 | 3-26 |       |       |       |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 6.0  | 12   | 14  | 1    | 2    | 24-27 | 28-31 | 31-34 | 34-38   |
|      | 0-90 | -16 | 7-19 | 0-23 |       |       |       |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 9.0  | 12   | 14  | 1    | 2    | 23-25 | 26-29 | 20-32 | 32-36   |
|      | 0-90 | -15 | 6-18 | 0-22 |       |       |       |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 12.0 | 12   | 13  | 1    | 1    | 22-24 | 25-28 | 28-31 | 31-34   |
|      | 0-90 | -14 | 5-17 | 8-20 |       |       |       |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 15.0 | 12   | 9   | 1    | 1    | 15-21 | 17-24 | 19-27 | 21-30   |
|      | 0-90 | -13 | 0-15 | 2-18 |       |       |       |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 1    | 12   | 4   | 5    | 6    | 7     | 8     | 9     | 9       |
| 8.0+ | 0-90 |     |      |      |       |       |       |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| 21.0 | 12   | 0   | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0       |
|      | 0-90 |     |      |      |       |       |       |         |
+------+------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+-------+---------+

TABLE 34: FUEL MODEL 4―90% SLOPE

+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Fuel |     | Mid   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| Mois |     | flame |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| ture |     | Wind, |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |     | mi/h  |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| \%   |     |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |     |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| (1-H |     |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| our) |     |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |     | 0\.   | 2\.   | 4\.   | 6\.   | 8\.   | 10\.  | 12\.  |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |     | Rate  |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |     | of    |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |     | Spr   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |     | ead/C |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |     | hains |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |     | per   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |     | Hour  |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 120 | 9     | 11    | 15    | 19    | 23    | 23    | 34    |
|      | -90 | 8-121 | 7-146 | 0-186 | 0-236 | 7-294 | 8-359 | 5-429 |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 120 | 8     | 10    | 13    | 16    | 20    | 25    | 30    |
|      | -90 | 6-105 | 3-126 | 1-162 | 7-205 | 8-256 | 3-312 | 2-373 |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 120 | 80-97 | 9     | 12    | 15    | 19    | 23    | 28    |
|      | -90 |       | 6-117 | 3-149 | 6-189 | 4-236 | 7-287 | 3-344 |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 120 | 75-91 | 9     | 11    | 14    | 18    | 22    | 26    |
|      | -90 |       | 0-109 | 4-140 | 5-178 | 1-221 | 1-270 | 4-323 |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 120 | 48-79 | 58-95 | 7     | 9     | 11    | 14    | 17    |
|      | -90 |       |       | 4-122 | 3-154 | 6-192 | 2-234 | 0-280 |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 120 | 20-23 | 24-28 | 30-36 | 38-45 | 48-56 | 58-69 | 70-82 |
| 8.0+ | -90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 120 | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     |
|      | -90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |     | Flame |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |     | L     |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |     | ength |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |     | /Feet |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 120 | 23-26 | 25-28 | 28-31 | 31-35 | 34-39 | 38-42 | 41-46 |
|      | -90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 120 | 20-23 | 22-25 | 25-28 | 28-31 | 31-34 | 34-38 | 37-41 |
|      | -90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 120 | 20-22 | 21-23 | 24-26 | 26-29 | 29-32 | 32-35 | 35-38 |
|      | -90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 120 | 18-20 | 20-22 | 23-25 | 25-28 | 28-31 | 30-34 | 33-37 |
|      | -90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 120 | 12-18 | 1     | 15-22 | 17-25 | 19-27 | 20-30 | 22-33 |
|      | -90 |       | 4-205 |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 120 | 6     | 6     | 7     | 8     | 0     | 8-9   | 10-11 |
| 8.0+ | -90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 120 | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     |
|      | -90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

TABLE 35: FUEL MODEL 5―0% SLOPE

+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| Fuel |      | Midf |      |      |      |      |       |       |
| Mois |      | lame |      |      |      |      |       |       |
| ture |      | W    |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | ind, |      |      |      |      |       |       |
| \%   |      | mi/h |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
| (1-H |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
| our) |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
|      |      | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.  | 8\.  | 10\.  | 12\.  |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
|      |      | Rate |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | of   |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | S    |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | prea |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | d/Ch |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | ains |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | per  |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | Hour |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 12   | 1    | 7-10 | 1    | 2    | 4    | 56-78 | 7     |
|      | 0-90 |      |      | 6-23 | 8-39 | 2-58 |       | 2-100 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 12   | 1    | 4-8  | 9-20 | 1    | 2    | 32-67 | 42-87 |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      | 6-34 | 4-50 |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 12   | 1    | 2-5  | 6-13 | 1    | 1    | 19-44 | 2     |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      | 0-22 | 4-32 |       | 0•-56 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 12   | 0    | 2-3  | 5-6  | 9-11 | 1    | •1    | •1    |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      | 3-16 | 8-•22 | 8-•22 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 12   | 0    | 2    | 4-5  | 8-9  | 1    | •1    | •1    |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      | 1-14 | 2-•15 | 2-•15 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 12   | 0    | 1    | 3    | •4   | •4   | •4    | •4    |
| 8.0+ | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 12   | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
|      |      | F    |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | lame |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | Len  |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | gth/ |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | Feet |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 12   | 1-2  | 3-4  | 5-6  | 7-8  | 8-10 | 9-11  | 10-12 |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 12   | 1    | 2-4  | 3-6  | 4-7  | 5-8  | 6-10  | 6-11  |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 12   | 1    | 1-2  | 2-4  | 2-5  | 3-6  | 3-7   | •3-7  |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 12   | 1    | 1    | 2    | 2    | 3    | •3    | •3-•4 |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 12   | 1    | 1    | 2    | 2    | 3    | •3    | •3    |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 12   | \<1  | 1    | 1    | •1   | •1   | •1    | •1    |
| 8.0+ | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 12   | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
|      |      | •    |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | **M  |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | EANS |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | YOU  |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | HIT  |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | THE  |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | WIND |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | LIM  |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |      | IT** |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+

TABLE 36: FUEL MODEL 5―30% SLOPE

+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| Fuel |       | Midf |      |      |      |       |       |       |
| Mois |       | lame |      |      |      |       |       |       |
| ture |       | W    |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | ind, |      |      |      |       |       |       |
| \%   |       | mi/h |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
| (1-H |       |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
| our) |       |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |       | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.  | 8\.   | 10\.  | 12\.  |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |       | Rate |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | of   |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | S    |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | prea |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | d/Ch |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | ains |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | per  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | Hour |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 1     | 4-5  | 1    | 1    | 3    | 44-62 | 59-82 | 7     |
|      | 20-90 |      | 0-14 | 9-27 | 1-43 |       |       | 5-104 |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 1     | 2-5  | 6-12 | 1    | 1    | 26-53 | 34-71 | 43-90 |
|      | 20-90 |      |      | 1-23 | 8-37 |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 1     | 1-3  | 3-8  | 7-15 | 1    | 15-35 | 2     | •     |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      | 0-24 |       | 0•-46 | 20-59 |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 1     | 1-2  | 3-4  | 6-8  | 1    | 14-17 | 18    | •1    |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      | 0-12 |       | •-22• | 8-•22 |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 1     | 1    | 3    | 5-6  | 9-10 | •1    | •1    | •1    |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      | 2-•15 | 2-•15 | 2-•15 |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 1     | 1    | 2    | 3-•4 | •4   | •4    | •4    | •4    |
| 8.0+ | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 1     | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |       | F    |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | lame |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | Len  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | gth/ |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | Feet |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 1     | 3    | 4-5  | 6-7  | 7-8  | 8-10  | 9-11  | 10-13 |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 1     | 2-3  | 2-4  | 3-6  | 4-7  | 5-9   | 6-10  | 6-11  |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 1     | 1-2  | 2-3  | 2-4  | 3-5  | 3-6   | •3-7  | •3-8  |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 1     | 1    | 1-2  | 2    | 3    | 3     | •3    | •3    |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 1     | 1    | 1    | 2    | 2    | •3    | •3    | •3    |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 1     | 1    | 1    | •1   | •1   | •1    | •1    | •1    |
| 8.0+ | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 1     | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |       | •    |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | **M  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | EANS |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | YOU  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | HIT  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | THE  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | WIND |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | LIM  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |       | IT** |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+

TABLE 37: FUEL MODEL 5―45% SLOPE

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><p>Fuel Moisture</p>
<p>%</p>
<p>(1-Hour)</p></td>
<td colspan="9">Midflame Wind, mi/h</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>0.</td>
<td>2.</td>
<td colspan="2">4.</td>
<td colspan="2">6.</td>
<td>8.</td>
<td>10.</td>
<td>12.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="9">Rate of Spread/Chains per Hour</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>3.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>8-11</td>
<td>13-19</td>
<td>23-32</td>
<td colspan="2">35-48</td>
<td colspan="2">48-67</td>
<td>63-87</td>
<td>79-109</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>6.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>4-9</td>
<td>8-16</td>
<td>13-28</td>
<td colspan="2">20-42</td>
<td colspan="2">28-58</td>
<td>36-75</td>
<td>45-94</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>9.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>3-6</td>
<td>5-10</td>
<td>8-18</td>
<td colspan="2">12-27</td>
<td colspan="2">16-37</td>
<td>•20-49</td>
<td>•20-61</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>2-3</td>
<td>4-5</td>
<td>7-9</td>
<td colspan="2">11-14</td>
<td colspan="2">15-19</td>
<td>•18-•22</td>
<td>•18-•22</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>15.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>2-3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>6-8</td>
<td colspan="2">10-12</td>
<td colspan="2">•12-•15</td>
<td>•12-•15</td>
<td>•12-•15</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>18.0+</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2-3</td>
<td>•4</td>
<td colspan="2">•4</td>
<td colspan="2">•4</td>
<td>•4</td>
<td>•4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>21.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="9">Flame Length/Feet</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>3.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6-7</td>
<td colspan="2">7-9</td>
<td colspan="2">8-10</td>
<td>10-12</td>
<td>11-13</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>6.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>2-4</td>
<td>3-5</td>
<td>4-6</td>
<td colspan="2">4-8</td>
<td colspan="2">5-9</td>
<td>6-10</td>
<td>6-11</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>9.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>1-3</td>
<td>2-3</td>
<td>2-4</td>
<td colspan="2">3-5</td>
<td colspan="2">3-6</td>
<td>•3-7</td>
<td>•3-8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td colspan="2">3</td>
<td colspan="2">3</td>
<td>•3</td>
<td>•3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>15.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td colspan="2">2</td>
<td colspan="2">•2</td>
<td>•2</td>
<td>•2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>18.0+</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>•1</td>
<td colspan="2">•1</td>
<td colspan="2">•1</td>
<td>•1</td>
<td>•1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>21.0</td>
<td>120-90</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="9">• <strong>MEANS YOU HIT THE WIND LIMIT</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

TABLE 38: FUEL MODEL 5―60% SLOPE

+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| Fuel |      | Midf |      |      |      |       |       |       |
| Mois |      | lame |      |      |      |       |       |       |
| ture |      | W    |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | ind, |      |      |      |       |       |       |
| \%   |      | mi/h |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
| (1-H |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
| our) |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |      | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.  | 8\.   | 10\.  | 12\.  |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |      | Rate |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | of   |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | S    |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | prea |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | d/Ch |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | ains |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | per  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | Hour |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 12   | 1    | 1    | 2    | 4    | 53-74 | 68-94 | 8     |
|      | 0-90 | 3-18 | 9-26 | 8-39 | 0-55 |       |       | 4-117 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 12   | 7-15 | 1    | 1    | 2    | 31-64 | 39-81 | 4     |
|      | 0-90 |      | 1-22 | 6-34 | 3-48 |       |       | 8-101 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 12   | 4-10 | 6-14 | 1    | 1    | 18-41 | •     | •     |
|      | 0-90 |      |      | 0-22 | 3-31 |       | 20-53 | 20-65 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 12   | 4-5  | 6-7  | 9-11 | 1    | 17-21 | •1    | •1    |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      | 3-16 |       | 8-•22 | 8-•22 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 12   | 3-4  | 5-6  | 8-9  | 1    | •1    | •1    | •1    |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      | 1-13 | 2-•15 | 2-•15 | 2-•15 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 12   | 2    | •4   | •4   | •4   | •4    | •4    | •4    |
| 8.0+ | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 12   | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |      | F    |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | lame |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | Len  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | gth/ |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | Feet |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 12   | 5-6  | 5-7  | 7-10 | 8-10 | 9-11  | 10-12 | 11-13 |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 12   | 3-5  | 3-6  | 4-7  | 5-8  | 5-10  | 6-11  | 7-12  |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 12   | 2-3  | 2-4  | 2-5  | 3-6  | 3-6   | •3-7  | •3-8  |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 12   | 2    | 2    | 2-3  | 3    | •4    | •4    | •4    |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 12   | 1-2  | 2    | 2    | 2-3  | •3    | •3    | •3    |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 12   | 1    | 1    | •1   | •1   | •1    | •1    | •1    |
| 8.0+ | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 12   | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |      | •    |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | **M  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | EANS |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | YOU  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | HIT  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | THE  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | WIND |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | LIM  |      |      |      |       |       |       |
|      |      | IT** |      |      |      |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+

TABLE 39: FUEL MODEL 5―90% SLOPE

+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Fuel |      | Midf |      |       |       |       |       |       |
| Mois |      | lame |      |       |       |       |       |       |
| ture |      | W    |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | ind, |      |       |       |       |       |       |
| \%   |      | mi/h |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      |      |      |       |       |       |       |       |
| (1-H |      |      |      |       |       |       |       |       |
| our) |      |      |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |      | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.   | 6\.   | 8\.   | 10\.  | 12\.  |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |      | Rate |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | of   |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | S    |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | prea |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | d/Ch |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | ains |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | per  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | Hour |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 12   | 2    | 3    | 43-59 | 54-76 | 68-94 | 8     | 9     |
|      | 0-90 | 7-38 | 3-46 |       |       |       | 3-115 | 9-137 |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 12   | 1    | 1    | 25-51 | 31-65 | 39-81 | 48-99 | 5     |
|      | 0-90 | 6-33 | 9-40 |       |       |       |       | 7-118 |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 12   | 9-21 | 1    | 14-33 | 18-42 | •     | •     | •     |
|      | 0-90 |      | 1-26 |       |       | 20-53 | 20-64 | 20-77 |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 12   | 9-11 | 1    | 14-17 | 17-21 | •1    | •1    | •1    |
|      | 0-90 |      | 1-13 |       |       | 8-•22 | 8-•22 | 8-•22 |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 12   | 7-9  | 9-11 | •1    | •1    | •1    | •1    | •1    |
|      | 0-90 |      |      | 2-•14 | 2-•15 | 2-•15 | 2-•15 | 2-•15 |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 12   | •4   | •4   | •4    | •4    | •4    | •4    | •4    |
| 8.0+ | 0-90 |      |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 12   | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |      | F    |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | lame |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | Len  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | gth/ |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | Feet |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 12   | 7-8  | 7-9  | 8-10  | 9-11  | 10-12 | 11-13 | 12-14 |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 12   | 4-7  | 4-8  | 5-9   | 5-10  | 6-11  | 6-12  | 7-13  |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 12   | 2-5  | 3-5  | 3-6   | 3-6   | •3-7  | •3-8  | •3-9  |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 12   | 2    | 2-3  | 3     | •4    | •4    | •4    | •4    |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 12   | 2    | 2    | •3    | •3    | •3    | •3    | •3    |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 12   | •1   | •1   | •1    | •1    | •1    | •1    | •1    |
| 8.0+ | 0-90 |      |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 12   | 0    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0     |
|      | 0-90 |      |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|      |      | •    |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | **M  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | EANS |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | YOU  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | HIT  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | THE  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | WIND |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | LIM  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
|      |      | IT** |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| Fuel      | Mid   |       |       |       |       |        |        |
| Moisture  | flame |       |       |       |       |        |        |
| (1-Hour)  | Wind, |       |       |       |       |        |        |
|           | mi/h  |       |       |       |       |        |        |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
|           | 0\.   | 2\.   | 4\.   | 6\.   | 8\.   | 10\.   | 12\.   |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
|           | Rate  |       |       |       |       |        |        |
|           | of    |       |       |       |       |        |        |
|           | Spr   |       |       |       |       |        |        |
|           | ead/C |       |       |       |       |        |        |
|           | hains |       |       |       |       |        |        |
|           | per   |       |       |       |       |        |        |
|           | Hour  |       |       |       |       |        |        |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 3.0       | 2     | > 15  | 33    | 56    | 81    | > 109  | > 138  |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 6.0       | 2     | > 11  | 25    | 43    | 62    | > 83   | > 105  |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 9.0       | 1     | > 9   | 21    | 35    | 52    | > 69   | > 88   |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 12.0      | 1     | > 8   | 19    | 31    | 45    | > 61   | > 77   |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 15.0      | 1     | > 7   | 17    | 28    | 41    | > 55   | > 69   |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 18.0      | 1     | > 6   | 15    | 24    | 35    | > 47   | > 60   |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 21.0      | 1     | > 6   | 11    | 19    | 28    | > 37   | > 47   |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
|           | Flame |       |       |       |       |        |        |
|           | L     |       |       |       |       |        |        |
|           | ength |       |       |       |       |        |        |
|           | /Feet |       |       |       |       |        |        |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 3.0       | 1.9   | > 4.5 | > 6.5 | > 8.3 | > 9.8 | > 11.3 | > 12.6 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 6.0       | 1.6   | > 3.7 | > 5.4 | > 6.8 | > 8.1 | > 9.2  | > 10.3 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 9.0       | 1.4   | > 3.2 | > 4.7 | > 6.0 | > 7.1 | > 8.2  | > 9.1  |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 12.0      | 1.3   | > 3.0 | > 4.4 | > 5.6 | > 6.6 | > 7.6  | > 8.5  |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 15.0      | 1.2   | > 2.8 | > 4.1 | > 5.2 | > 6.2 | > 7.1  | > 7.9  |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 18.0      | 1.1   | > 2.6 | > 3.8 | > 4.8 | > 5.7 | > 6.5  | > 7.2  |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+
| 21.0      | 0.9   | > 2.1 | > 3.1 | > 3.9 | > 4.7 | > 5.3  | > 6.0  |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+--------+

TABLE 40: FUEL MODEL 5―90% SLOPE

TABLE 41: FUEL MODEL 6---45% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                               
  Moisture     mi/h                                                         
  (1-Hour)                                                                  

               0\.             2\.      4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

               Rate of                                                      
               Spread/Chains                                                
               per Hour                                                     

  3.0          15              28       47       69       94       122      151

  6.0          12              21       36       53       72       93       115

  9.0          10              18       30       44       60       77       96

  12.0         9               16       26       49       53       68       85

  15.0         8               14       23       35       47       61       76

  18.0         7               12       20       30       41       53       66

  21.0         5               9        16       24       32       42       52

               Flame                                                        
               Length/Feet                                                  

  3.0          4.6             6.0      7.6      9.1      10.6     11.9     13.1

  6.0          3.8             4.9      6.3      7.5      8.7      9.7      10.8

  9.0          3.3             4.4      5.5      6.6      7.6      8.6      9.5

  12.0         3.1             4.0      5.1      6.2      7.1      8.0      8.8

  15.0         2.9             3.8      4.8      5.8      6.7      7.5      8.3

  18.0         2.6             3.5      4.4      5.3      6.1      6.8      7.5

  21.0         2.2             2.8      3.6      4.3      5.0      5.6      6.2
  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 42: FUEL MODEL 6---60% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                               
  Moisture     mi/h                                                         
  (1-Hour)                                                                  

               0\.             2\.      4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

               Rate of                                                      
               Spread/Chains                                                
               per Hour                                                     

  3.0          26              38       57       79       105      132      161

  6.0          20              29       43       61       80       101      123

  9.0          16              24       36       50       66       84       103

  12.0         14              21       32       44       59       74       91

  15.0         13              19       29       30       53       66       81

  18.0         11              17       25       35       46       58       70

  21.0         9               13       19       27       36       45       54•

               Flame                                                        
               Length/Feet                                                  

  3.0          5.8             7.0      8.4      9.8      11.1     12.3     13.5

  6.0          4.8             5.7      6.9      8.0      9.1      10.1     11.1

  9.0          4.2             5.0      6.1      7.1      8.0      8.9      9.8

  12.0         3.9             4.7      5.6      6.6      7.4      8.3      9.1

  15.0         3.7             4.4      5.3      6.2      7.0      7.8      8.5

  18.0         3.3             4.0      4.8      5.6      6.4      7.1      7.8

  21.0         2.8             3.3      4.0      4.6      5.2      5.8      6.3•

               **•MEANS YOU                                                 
               HIT THE WIND                                                 
               LIMIT.**                                                     
  ------------ --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 43: FUEL MODEL 6---90% SLOPE

  ------------ --------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel         Midflame Wind,                                              
  Moisture     mi/h                                                        
  (1-Hour)                                                                 

               0\.             2\.     4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

               Rate of                                                     
               Spread/Chains                                               
               per Hour                                                    

  3.0          55              67      86       109      134      161      191

  6.0          42              51      66       83       102      123      146

  9.0          35              43      55       69       85       103      121

  12.0         31              38      48       61       75       90       107

  15.0         28              34      43       55       67       81       96

  18.0         24              29      38       47       58       70       83

  21.0         19              23      29       37       46       54•      54•

               Flame                                                       
               Length/Feet                                                 

  3.0          8.2             9.0     10.1     11.3     12.4     13.5     14.6

  6.0          6.8             7.4     8.3      9.2      10.2     11.1     12.0

  9.0          6.0             6.6     7.3      8.2      9.0      9.8      10.6

  12.0         5.5             6.1     6.8      7.6      8.3      9.1      9.8

  15.0         5.2             5.7     6.4      7.1      7.8      8.5      9.2

  18.0         4.7             5.2     5.8      6.5      7.1      7.8      8.4

  21.0         3.9             4.3     4.8      5.3      5.9      6.5•     6.3•

               **•MEANS YOU                                                
               HIT THE WIND                                                
               LIMIT.**                                                    
  ------------ --------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 44: FUEL MODEL 7---0% SLOPE

+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| Fuel |       | Mi  |      |       |       |       |      |      |
| Mois |       | dfl |      |       |       |       |      |      |
| ture |       | ame |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | Wi  |      |       |       |       |      |      |
| \%   |       | nd, |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | m   |      |       |       |       |      |      |
| (1-H |       | i/h |      |       |       |       |      |      |
| our) |       |     |      |       |       |       |      |      |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
|      |       | 0\. | 2\.  | 4\.   | 6\.   | 8\.   | 10\. | 12\. |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
|      |       | R   |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | ate |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | of  |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | S   |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | pre |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | ad/ |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | Cha |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | ins |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | per |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | H   |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | our |      |       |       |       |      |      |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 3.0  | 1     | 1-2 | 1    | 23-26 | 38-44 | 55-64 | 7    | 94   |
|      | 20-90 |     | 0-11 |       |       |       | 4-85 | -109 |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 6.0  | 1     | 1   | 9-10 | 20-23 | 33-38 | 48-55 | 6    | 8    |
|      | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       | 4-73 | 1-93 |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 9.0  | 1     | 1   | 8-9  | 17-20 | 29-33 | 42-48 | 5    | 7    |
|      | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       | 6-65 | 2-82 |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 12.0 | 1     | 1   | 7-8  | 16-18 | 26-30 | 38-44 | 5    | 6    |
|      | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       | 1-59 | 5-74 |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 15.0 | 1     | 1   | 6-7  | 15-17 | 24-28 | 35-40 | 4    | 6    |
|      | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       | 7-54 | 0-69 |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 1    | 1     | 1   | 6-7  | 14-16 | 23-26 | 33-38 | 4    | 5    |
| 8.0+ | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       | 5-51 | 7-64 |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 21.0 | 1     | 1   | 6    | 13-15 | 22-25 | 32-36 | 4    | 5    |
|      | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       | 2-48 | 4-61 |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
|      |       | Fl  |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | ame |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | Le  |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | ngt |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | h/F |      |       |       |       |      |      |
|      |       | eet |      |       |       |       |      |      |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 3.0  | 1     | 2   | 4    | 6     | 7-8   | 8-9   | 10   | 1    |
|      | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       |      | 1-12 |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 6.0  | 1     | 1   | 3-4  | 5     | 6-7   | 8     | 9    | 10   |
|      | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       |      |      |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 9.0  | 1     | 1   | 3    | 5     | 6     | 7     | 8    | 9    |
|      | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       |      |      |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 12.0 | 1     | 1   | 3    | 4-5   | 5-6   | 6-7   | 7-8  | 8-9  |
|      | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       |      |      |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 15.0 | 1     | 1   | 3    | 4     | 5-6   | 6-7   | 7    | 8    |
|      | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       |      |      |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 1    | 1     | 1   | 3    | 4     | 5     | 6     | 7    | 8    |
| 8.0+ | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       |      |      |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+
| 21.0 | 1     | 1   | 3    | 4     | 5     | 6     | 7    | 7-8  |
|      | 20-90 |     |      |       |       |       |      |      |
+------+-------+-----+------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+

TABLE 45: FUEL MODEL 7---30% SLOPE

+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Fuel  |       | Mid   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| Moi   |       | flame |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| sture |       | Wind, |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | mi/h  |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| \%    |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| (1-   |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| Hour) |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|       |       | 0\.   | 2\.   | 4\.   | 6\.   | 8\.   | 10\.  | 12\.  |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|       |       | Rate  |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | of    |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | Spr   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | ead/C |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | hains |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | per   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | Hour  |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0   | 1     | 5-6   | 14-16 | 27-31 | 42-49 | 59-68 | 78-90 | 9     |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       | 8-113 |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0   | 1     | 5     | 12-14 | 23-26 | 36-42 | 51-59 | 67-77 | 84-97 |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0   | 1     | 4-5   | 11-12 | 20-23 | 32-37 | 45-52 | 59-68 | 75-86 |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 12.0  | 1     | 4     | 10-11 | 18-21 | 29-33 | 41-47 | 54-62 | 68-77 |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 15.0  | 1     | 3-4   | 9-10  | 17-20 | 27-31 | 38-43 | 50-57 | 63-72 |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 18.0+ | 1     | 3-4   | 8-9   | 16-18 | 25-29 | 36-41 | 47-53 | 59-67 |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 21.0  | 1     | 3     | 8-9   | 15-17 | 24-27 | 34-38 | 45-50 | 56-63 |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|       |       | Flame |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | L     |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | ength |       |       |       |       |       |       |
|       |       | /Feet |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3.0   | 1     | 3     | 4-5   | 6     | 7-8   | 9     | 10-11 | 11-12 |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6.0   | 1     | 3     | 4     | 5-6   | 7     | 8     | 9-10  | 10    |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 9.0   | 1     | 2     | 4     | 5     | 6     | 7-8   | 8-9   | 9-10  |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 12.0  | 1     | 2     | 4     | 5     | 6     | 7     | 8     | 9     |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 15.0  | 1     | 2     | 3     | 4-5   | 5-6   | 6-7   | 7-8   | 8     |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 18.0+ | 1     | 2     | 3     | 4     | 5-61  | 6     | 7     | 8     |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 21.0  | 1     | 2     | 3     | 4     | 5     | 6     | 7     | 7-8   |
|       | 20-90 |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

TABLE 46: FUEL MODEL 7―45% SLOPE

+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Fuel  |        | Midf |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Moi   |        | lame |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| sture |        | W    |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | ind, |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| \%    |        | mi/h |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| (1-   |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Hour) |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|       |        | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.  | 8\.  | 10\. | 12\. |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|       |        | Rate |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | of   |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | S    |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | prea |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | d/Ch |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | ains |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | per  |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | Hour |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 3.0   | 120-90 | 1    | 1    | 3    | 4    | 6    | 8    | 103  |
|       |        | 0-12 | 9-22 | 2-37 | 7-54 | 4-74 | 3-96 | -119 |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 6.0   | 120-90 | 9-10 | 1    | 2    | 4    | 5    | 7    | 89   |
|       |        |      | 6-19 | 7-31 | 0-47 | 5-64 | 1-82 | -102 |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 9.0   | 120-90 | 8-9  | 1    | 2    | 3    | 4    | 6    | 7    |
|       |        |      | 6-14 | 4-28 | 6-41 | 9-56 | 3-72 | 8-90 |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 12.0  | 120-90 | 7-8  | 1    | 2    | 3    | 4    | 5    | 7    |
|       |        |      | 3-15 | 2-25 | 3-37 | 4-51 | 7-66 | 1-81 |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 15.0  | 120-90 | 7    | 1    | 2    | 3    | 4    | 5    | 6    |
|       |        |      | 2-14 | 0-23 | 0-34 | 1-47 | 3-61 | 6-75 |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 18.0+ | 120-90 | 6-7  | 1    | 1    | 2    | 3    | 5    | 6    |
|       |        |      | 1-13 | 9-22 | 8-32 | 9-44 | 0-57 | 2-70 |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 21.0  | 120-90 | 6-7  | 1    | 1    | 2    | 3    | 4    | 5    |
|       |        |      | 1-12 | 8-20 | 7-30 | 7-42 | 7-54 | 9-67 |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|       |        | F    |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | lame |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | Len  |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | gth/ |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | Feet |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 3.0   | 120-90 | 4    | 5-6  | 6-7  | 8    | 9-10 | 1    | 1    |
|       |        |      |      |      |      |      | 0-11 | 1-12 |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 6.0   | 120-90 | 4    | 5    | 6    | 7-8  | 8-9  | 9-10 | 1    |
|       |        |      |      |      |      |      |      | 0-11 |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 9.0   | 120-90 | 3    | 4    | 5-6  | 6-7  | 7-8  | 8-9  | 9-10 |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 12.0  | 120-90 | 3    | 4    | 5    | 6    | 7    | 8    | 9    |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 15.0  | 120-90 | 3    | 4    | 5    | 6    | 7    | 7-8  | 8-9  |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 18.0+ | 120-90 | 3    | 4    | 5    | 5-6  | 6-7  | 7-8  | 8    |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 21.0  | 120-90 | 3    | 3-4  | 4-5  | 5-6  | 6    | 7    | 8    |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|       |        | •    |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | **M  |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | EANS |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | YOU  |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | HIT  |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | THE  |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | WIND |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | LIM  |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|       |        | IT** |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

TABLE 47: FUEL MODEL 7―60% SLOPE

+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| Fuel |        | Midf |      |      |      |      |        |         |
| Mois |        | lame |      |      |      |      |        |         |
| ture |        | W    |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | ind, |      |      |      |      |        |         |
| \%   |        | mi/h |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        |      |      |      |      |      |        |         |
| (1-H |        |      |      |      |      |      |        |         |
| our) |        |      |      |      |      |      |        |         |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
|      |        | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.  | 8\.  | 10\.   | 12\.    |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
|      |        | Rate |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | of   |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | S    |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | prea |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | d/Ch |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | ains |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | per  |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | Hour |      |      |      |      |        |         |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 3.0  | 120-90 | 1    | 2    | 3    | 5    | 7    | 90-104 | 109-127 |
|      |        | 7-20 | 6-30 | 8-44 | 4-62 | 1-82 |        |         |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 6.0  | 120-90 | 1    | 2    | 3    | 4    | 6    | 77-89  | 95-109  |
|      |        | 5-17 | 2-25 | 3-38 | 6-53 | 1-70 |        |         |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 9.0  | 120-90 | 1    | 2    | 2    | 4    | 5    | 68-79  | 84-96   |
|      |        | 3-15 | 0-22 | 9-34 | 1-47 | 4-62 |        |         |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 12.0 | 120-90 | 1    | 1    | 2    | 3    | 4    | 62-71  | 76-87   |
|      |        | 2-14 | 8-20 | 7-30 | 7-43 | 9-56 |        |         |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 15.0 | 120-90 | 1    | 1    | 2    | 3    | 4    | 58-66  | 70-80   |
|      |        | 1-13 | 6-19 | 5-28 | 5-36 | 6-52 |        |         |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 1    | 120-90 | 1    | 1    | 2    | 3    | 4    | 54-61  | 66-75   |
| 8.0+ |        | 0-12 | 5-18 | 3-26 | 2-37 | 3-49 |        |         |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 21.0 | 120-90 | 1    | 1    | 2    | 3    | 4    | 51-58  | 63-71   |
|      |        | 0-11 | 5-17 | 2-25 | 1-35 | 1-46 |        |         |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
|      |        | F    |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | lame |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | Len  |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | gth/ |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | Feet |      |      |      |      |        |         |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 3.0  | 120-90 | 5    | 6    | 7-8  | 8-9  | 10   | 11     | 12      |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 6.0  | 120-90 | 4-5  | 5-6  | 6-7  | 7-8  | 8-9  | 9-10   | 10-11   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 9.0  | 120-90 | 4    | 5    | 6    | 7    | 8    | 9      | 9-10    |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 12.0 | 120-90 | 4    | 4-5  | 5-6  | 6-7  | 7-8  | 8-9    | 9       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 15.0 | 120-90 | 4    | 4-5  | 5-6  | 6    | 7    | 8      | 8-9     |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 1    | 120-90 | 3-4  | 4    | 5    | 6    | 7    | 7-8    | 8-9     |
| 8.0+ |        |      |      |      |      |      |        |         |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
| 21.0 | 120-90 | 3-4  | 4    | 5    | 6    | 6-7  | 7-8    | 8       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+
|      |        | •    |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | **M  |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | EANS |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | YOU  |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | HIT  |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | THE  |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | WIND |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | LIM  |      |      |      |      |        |         |
|      |        | IT** |      |      |      |      |        |         |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+---------+

TABLE 48: FUEL MODEL 7―90% SLOPE

+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| Fuel |       | Midf |      |      |      |       |        |        |
| Mois |       | lame |      |      |      |       |        |        |
| ture |       | W    |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | ind, |      |      |      |       |        |        |
| \%   |       | mi/h |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       |      |      |      |      |       |        |        |
| (1-H |       |      |      |      |      |       |        |        |
| our) |       |      |      |      |      |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
|      |       | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.  | 8\.   | 10\.   | 12\.   |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
|      |       | Rate |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | of   |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | S    |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | prea |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | d/Ch |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | ains |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | per  |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | Hour |      |      |      |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 3.0  | 1     | 3    | 4    | 5    | 7    | 9     | 1      | 1      |
|      | 20-90 | 7-42 | 5-51 | 8-67 | 3-85 | 0-105 | 09-126 | 29-149 |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 6.0  | 1     | 3    | 3    | 5    | 6    | 78-90 | 94-109 | 1      |
|      | 20-90 | 2-36 | 9-45 | 0-58 | 3-73 |       |        | 11-128 |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 9.0  | 1     | 2    | 3    | 4    | 5    | 69-79 | 83-96  | 99-113 |
|      | 20-90 | 8-32 | 5-40 | 4-51 | 6-64 |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 12.0 | 1     | 2    | 3    | 4    | 5    | 63-72 | 76-87  | 90-102 |
|      | 20-90 | 5-29 | 1-36 | 0-46 | 1-58 |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 15.0 | 1     | 2    | 2    | 3    | 4    | 58-66 | 70-80  | 83-94  |
|      | 20-90 | 4-27 | 9-33 | 7-42 | 7-54 |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 1    | 1     | 2    | 2    | 3    | 4    | 55-62 | 66-75  | 78-89  |
| 8.0+ | 20-90 | 2-25 | 7-31 | 5-40 | 4-50 |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 21.0 | 1     | 2    | 2    | 3    | 4    | 52-59 | 63-71  | 74-84  |
|      | 20-90 | 1-24 | 6-29 | 3-38 | 2-48 |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
|      |       | F    |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | lame |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | Len  |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | gth/ |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | Feet |      |      |      |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 3.0  | 1     | 7-8  | 8    | 9    | 10   | 11    | 12     | 12-13  |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 6.0  | 1     | 6-7  | 7    | 8    | 9    | 9-10  | 10-11  | 11-12  |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 9.0  | 1     | 6    | 6-7  | 7-8  | 8    | 9     | 9-10   | 10-11  |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 12.0 | 1     | 5-6  | 6    | 6-7  | 7-8  | 8-9   | 9      | 10     |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 15.0 | 1     | 5    | 6    | 6-7  | 7    | 8     | 8-9    | 9-10   |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 1    | 1     | 5    | 5-6  | 6    | 7    | 7-8   | 8      | 9      |
| 8.0+ | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
| 21.0 | 1     | 5    | 5-6  | 6    | 6-7  | 7-8   | 8      | 8-9    |
|      | 20-90 |      |      |      |      |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+
|      |       | •    |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | **M  |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | EANS |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | YOU  |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | HIT  |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | THE  |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | WIND |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | LIM  |      |      |      |       |        |        |
|      |       | IT** |      |      |      |       |        |        |
+------+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+--------+--------+

TABLE 49: FUEL MODEL 8―0% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                            
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                      

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.     8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                   
                 Spread/Chains                                             
                 per Hour                                                  

  3.0            0               1       2       3       5        7        8

  6.0            0               1       2       3       4•       5•       5•

  9.0            0               1       1       2       3•       3•       3•

  12.0           0               0       1       2       3•       3•       3•

  15.0           0               0       1       2       2•       2•       2•

  18.0           0               0       1       1       2•       2•       2•

  21.0           0               0       1       1       2•       2•       2•

                 Flame                                                     
                 Length/Feet                                               

  3.0            0.5             0.8     1.2     1.5     1.8      2.1      2.2•

  6.0            0.4             0.7     1.0     1.2     1.5      1.6•     1.6•

  9.0            0.4             0.6     0.8     1.1     1.3•     1.3•     1.3•

  12.0           0.3             0.5     0.8     1.0     1.2•     1.2•     1.2•

  15.0           0.3             0.5     0.7     0.9     1.1•     1.1•     1.1•

  18.0           0.3             0.5     0.7     0.9     1.0•     1.0•     1.0•

  21.0           0.3             0.4     0.6     0.8     0.9•     0.9•     0.9•

                 **•MEANS YOU                                              
                 HIT THE WIND                                              
                 LIMIT.**                                                  
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 50: FUEL MODEL 8―30% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                            
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                      

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.     8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                   
                 Spread/Chains                                             
                 per Hour                                                  

  3.0            1               1       2       4       5        7        8•

  6.0            1               1       2       3       4        5•       5•

  9.0            0               1       1       2       3•       3•       3•

  12.0           0               1       1       2•      3•       3•       3•

  15.0           0               1       1       2•      2•       2•       2•

  18.0           0               1       1       2       2•       2•       2•

  21.0           0               0       1       1       2•       2•       2•

                 Flame                                                     
                 Length/Feet                                               

  3.0            0.7             1.0     1.3     1.6     1.9      2.1      2.2•

  6.0            0.6             0.8     1.0     1.3     1.5      1.6•     1.6•

  9.0            0.5             0.7     0.9     1.1     1.3•     1.3•     1.3•

  12.0           0.5             0.6     0.8     1.0     1.2•     1.2•     1.2•

  15.0           0.4             0.6     0.8     1.0     1.1•     1.1•     1.1•

  18.0           0.4             0.6     0.7     0.9     1.0•     1.0•     1.0•

  21.0           0.4             0.5     0.7     0.8     0.9•     0.9•     0.9•

                 **•MEANS YOU                                              
                 HIT THE WIND                                              
                 LIMIT.**                                                  
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 51: FUEL MODEL 8―45% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                             
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                       

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                    
                 Spread/Chains                                              
                 per Hour                                                   

  3.0            1               2       3       4        6        8•       8•

  6.0            1               1       2       3        5        5•       5•

  9.0            1               1       2       3•       3•       3•       3•

  12.0           1               1       2       2        3•       3•       3•

  15.0           1               1       1       2•       2•       2•       2•

  18.0           1               1       1       2•       2•       2•       2•

  21.0           0               1       1       2•       2•       2•       2•

                 Flame                                                      
                 Length/Feet                                                

  3.0            0.9             1.1     1.4     1.7      1.9      2.2•     2.2•

  6.0            0.8             0.9     1.1     1.4      1.6•     1.6•     1.6•

  9.0            0.7             0.8     1.0     1.2      1.3•     1.3•     1.3•

  12.0           0.6             0.7     0.9     1.1      1.2•     1.2•     1.2•

  15.0           0.6             0.7     0.9     1.0      1.1•     1.1•     1.1•

  18.0           0.5             0.6     0.8     1.0•     1.0•     1.0•     1.0•

  21.0           0.5             0.6     0.7     0.9•     0.9•     0.9•     0.9•

                 **•MEANS YOU                                               
                 HIT THE WIND                                               
                 LIMIT.**                                                   
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 52: FUEL MODEL 8―60% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                             
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                       

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                    
                 Spread/Chains                                              
                 per Hour                                                   

  3.0            2               3       4       5        7        8•       8•

  6.0            1               2       3       4        5•       5•       5•

  9.0            1               2       2       3•       3•       3•       3•

  12.0           1               1       2       3•       3•       3•       3•

  15.0           1               1       2•      2•       2•       2•       2•

  18.0           1               1       2•      2•       2•       2•       2•

  21.0           1               1       1       2•       2•       2•       2•

                 Flame                                                      
                 Length/Feet                                                

  3.0            1.2             1.3     1.5     1.8      2.1      2.2•     2.2•

  6.0            0.9             1.1     1.3     1.5      1.6•     1.6•     1.6•

  9.0            0.8             0.9     1.1     1.3•     1.3•     1.3•     1.3•

  12.0           0.7             0.8     1.0     1.2•     1.2•     1.2•     1.2•

  15.0           0.7             0.8     0.9     1.1•     1.1•     1.1•     1.1•

  18.0           0.7             0.8     0.9     1.0•     1.0•     1.0•     1.0•

  21.0           0.6             0.7     0.8     0.9•     0.9•     0.9•     0.9•

                 **•MEANS YOU                                               
                 HIT THE WIND                                               
                 LIMIT.**                                                   
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 53: FUEL MODEL 8―90% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                               
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                         

                 0\.             2\.      4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                      
                 Spread/Chains                                                
                 per Hour                                                     

  3.0            4               5        6        7        8•       8•       8•

  6.0            3               3        4        5•       5•       5•       5•

  9.0            2               3•       3•       3•       3•       3•       3•

  12.0           2               2        3•       3•       3•       3•       3•

  15.0           2               2•       2•       2•       2•       2•       2•

  18.0           2•              2•       2•       2•       2•       2•       2•

  21.0           1               2•       2•       2•       2•       2•       2•

                 Flame                                                        
                 Length/Feet                                                  

  3.0            1.6             1.7      1.9      2.1      2.2•     2.2•     2.2•

  6.0            1.3             1.4      1.5      1.6      1.6•     1.6•     1.6•

  9.0            1.1             1.2      1.3•     1.3•     1.3•     1.3•     1.3•

  12.0           1.0             1.1      1.2•     1.2•     1.2•     1.2•     1.2•

  15.0           1.0             1.0      1.1•     1.1•     1.1•     1.1•     1.1•

  18.0           0.9             1.0•     1.0•     1.0•     1.0•     1.0•     1.0•

  21.0           0.9             0.9•     0.9•     0.9•     0.9•     0.9•     0.9•

                 **•MEANS YOU                                                 
                 HIT THE WIND                                                 
                 LIMIT.**                                                     
  -------------- --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 54: FUEL MODEL 9―0% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                               
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                         

                 0\.             2\.      4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                      
                 Spread/Chains                                                
                 per Hour                                                     

  3.0            1               3        8        16       25       36       49

  6.0            1               2        6        12       19       27       37

  9.0            1               2        5        10       15       22       30

  12.0           1               2        4        8        13       19       26

  15.0           1               2        4        7        12       17       23

  18.0           0               1        3        6        10       14       19

  21.0           0               1        2        4        7        10       13

                 Flame                                                        
                 Length/Feet                                                  

  3.0            1.3             2.1      3.2      4.2      5.2      6.2      7.1

  6.0            1.0             1.6      2.5      3.4      4.2      4.9      5.7

  9.0            0.9             1.4      2.2      2.9      3.6      4.3      5.0

  12.0           0.8             1.3      2.0      2.7      3.4      4.0      4.6

  15.0           0.8             1.2      1.9      2.5      3.1      3.7      4.3

  18.0           0.7             1.1      1.7      2.2      2.7      3.3      3.7

  21.0           0.5             0.8      1.2      1.6      2.0      2.4      2.7
  -------------- --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 55: FUEL MODEL 9―30% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                               
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                         

                 0\.             2\.      4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                      
                 Spread/Chains                                                
                 per Hour                                                     

  3.0            3               5        10       17       27       38       51

  6.0            2               4        7        13       20       28       38

  9.0            2               3        6        11       16       23       31

  12.0           1               3        5        9        14       20       27

  15.0           1               2        5        8        13       18       24

  18.0           1               2        4        7        11       15       20

  21.0           1               1        3        5        7        10       14

                 Flame                                                        
                 Length/Feet                                                  

  3.0            1.9             2.5      3.4      4.4      5.4      6.3      7.2

  6.0            1.5             2.0      2.7      3.5      4.3      5.0      5.8

  9.0            1.3             1.7      2.4      3.1      3.7      4.4      5.0

  12.0           1.2             1.6      2.2      2.8      3.5      4.1      4.7

  15.0           1.1             1.5      2.1      2.6      3.2      3.8      4.3

  18.0           1.0             1.3      1.8      2.3      2.8      3.3      3.8

  21.0           0.7             1.0      1.3      1.7      2.1      2.4      2.8
  -------------- --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 56: FUEL MODEL 9―45% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------- -------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                            
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                      

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.     8\.     10\.      12\.

                 Rate of                                                   
                 Spread/Chains                                             
                 per Hour                                                  

  3.0            5               7       12      19      29      40        53

  6.0            4               5       9       14      21      30        39

  9.0            3               4       7       12      17      24        32

  12.0           3               4       6       10      15      21        28

  15.0           2               3       6       9       14      19        25

  18.0           2               3       5       8       11      16        21

  21.0           1               2       3       5       8       11        14

                 Flame                                                     
                 Length/Feet                                               

  3.0            2.4             2.9     3.7     4.6     5.6     6.5       7.4

  6.0            1.9             2.3     3.0     3.7     4.4     5.2       5.9

  9.0            1.7             2.0     2.6     3.2     3.9     4.5       5.1

  12.0           1.6             1.9     2.4     3.0     3.6     4.2       4.7

  15.0           1.5             1.7     2.2     2.8     3.3     3.9       4.4

  18.0           1.3             1.5     2.0     2.4     2.9     3.74      3.9

  21.0           0.9             1.1     1.4     1.8     2.2     2.5       2.8
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------- -------

TABLE 57: FUEL MODEL 9―60% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                               
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                         

                 0\.             2\.      4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                      
                 Spread/Chains                                                
                 per Hour                                                     

  3.0            8               10       15       22       32       43       56

  6.0            6               7        11       16       23       32       41

  9.0            5               6        9        14       19       26       34

  12.0           4               5        8        12       17       23       30

  15.0           4               5        7        11       15       20       26

  18.0           3               4        6        9        12       17       22

  21.0           2               3        4        6        9        12       15

                 Flame                                                        
                 Length/Feet                                                  

  3.0            3.0             3.4      4.1      4.9      5.8      6.7      7.5

  6.0            2.4             2.7      3.3      3.9      4.6      5.3      6.0

  9.0            2.1             2.4      2.9      3.4      4.0      4.6      5.2

  12.0           1.9             2.2      2.6      3.2      3.7      4.3      4.9

  15.0           1.8             2.0      2.5      3.0      3.5      4.0      4.5

  18.0           1.6             1.8      2.2      2.6      3.0      3.5      4.0

  21.0           1.2             1.3      1.6      1.9      2.2      2.6      2.9
  -------------- --------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 58: FUEL MODEL 9―90% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                          
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                    

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.     8\.     10\.    12\.

                 Rate of                                                 
                 Spread/Chains                                           
                 per Hour                                                

  3.0            16              18      23      30      40      51      64

  6.0            12              13      17      22      29      38      47

  9.0            10              11      14      18      24      31      39

  12.0           8               10      12      16      21      27      34

  15.0           7               9       11      14      19      24      30

  18.0           6               7       9       12      16      20      25

  21.0           4               5       6       8       11      14      17•

                 Flame                                                   
                 Length/Feet                                             

  3.0            4.2             4.5     5.0     5.7     6.5     7.2     8.0

  6.0            3.4             3.6     4.0     4.5     5.1     5.8     6.4

  9.0            2.9             3.1     3.5     4.0     4.5     5.0     5.6

  12.0           2.7             2.9     3.2     3.7     4.2     4.7     5.2

  15.0           2.5             2.7     3.0     3.4     3.9     4.3     4.8

  18.0           2.2             2.3     2.6     3.0     3.4     3.8     4.2

  21.0           1.6             1.7     1.9     2.2     2.5     2.8     3.0•

                 **•MEANS YOU                                            
                 HIT THE WIND                                            
                 LIMIT**.                                                
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------

TABLE 59: FUEL MODEL 10―0% SLOPE

+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Fuel |        | Midf |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| Mois |        | lame |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| ture |        | W    |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | ind, |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| \%   |        | mi/h |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| (1-H |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| our) |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
|      |        | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.  | 8\.  | 10\. | 12\.  |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
|      |        | Rate |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | of   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | S    |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | prea |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | d/Ch |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | ains |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | per  |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | Hour |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 3.0  | 120-90 | 1    | 4    | 8    | 1    | 1    | 2    | 28-35 |
|      |        |      |      |      | 1-13 | 6-20 | 2-27 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 6.0  | 120-90 | 1    | 3    | 7    | 9-12 | 1    | 1    | 24-30 |
|      |        |      |      |      |      | 4-17 | 9-23 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 9.0  | 120-90 | 1    | 3    | 6    | 9-10 | 1    | 1    | 22-27 |
|      |        |      |      |      |      | 3-15 | 7-21 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 12.0 | 120-90 | 1    | 3    | 6    | 8-10 | 1    | 1    | 21-25 |
|      |        |      |      |      |      | 2-14 | 6-19 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 15.0 | 120-90 | 1    | 2    | 5    | 9    | 1    | 1    | 19-23 |
|      |        |      |      |      |      | 1-13 | 5-18 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 1    | 120-90 | 1    | 2    | 5    | 8    | 1    | 1    | 18-21 |
| 8.0+ |        |      |      |      |      | 0-12 | 4-16 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 21.0 | 120-90 | 0    | 2    | 4    | 6    | 8-10 | 1    | 14-17 |
|      |        |      |      |      |      |      | 1-13 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
|      |        | F    |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | lame |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | Len  |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | gth/ |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | Feet |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 3.0  | 120-90 | 2.0  | 3.5  | 5.0  | 6.4  | 7.7  | 8.9  | 10.0  |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 6.0  | 120-90 | 1.7  | 3.1  | 4.5  | 5.6  | 6.8  | 7.8  | 8.9   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 9.0  | 120-90 | 1.6  | 2.9  | 4.2  | 5.3  | 6.2  | 7.2  | 8.2   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 12.0 | 120-90 | 1.5  | 2.7  | 4.0  | 5.1  | 6.0  | 6.9  | 7.8   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 15.0 | 120-90 | 1.5  | 2.6  | 3.8  | 4.8  | 5.7  | 6.6  | 7.5   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 1    | 120-90 | 1.4  | 2.4  | 3.5  | 4.4  | 5.3  | 6.0  | 6.8   |
| 8.0+ |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 21.0 | 120-90 | 1.2  | 2.0  | 2.9  | 3.7  | 4.4  | 5.1  | 5.8   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+

TABLE 60: FUEL MODEL 10―30% SLOPE

+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Fuel |        | Midf |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| Mois |        | lame |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| ture |        | W    |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | ind, |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| \%   |        | mi/h |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| (1-H |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| our) |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
|      |        | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.  | 8\.  | 10\. | 12\.  |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
|      |        | Rate |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | of   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | S    |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | prea |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | d/Ch |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | ains |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | per  |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | Hour |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 3.0  | 120-90 | 3    | 5    | 8-10 | 1    | 1    | 2    | 30-36 |
|      |        |      |      |      | 2-15 | 8-21 | 3-29 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 6.0  | 120-90 | 2    | 4    | 8    | 1    | 1    | 2    | 26-31 |
|      |        |      |      |      | 1-13 | 5-18 | 0-24 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 9.0  | 120-90 | 2    | 4    | 7    | 1    | 1    | 1    | 23-28 |
|      |        |      |      |      | 0-12 | 4-17 | 8-22 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 12.0 | 120-90 | 2    | 3    | 6    | 9-11 | 1    | 1    | 22-26 |
|      |        |      |      |      |      | 3-15 | 7-20 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 15.0 | 120-90 | 2    | 3    | 6    | 8-10 | 1    | 1    | 20-24 |
|      |        |      |      |      |      | 2-14 | 6-19 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 1    | 120-90 | 2    | 3    | 5    | 8    | 1    | 1    | 19-20 |
| 8.0+ |        |      |      |      |      | 1-13 | 5-17 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 21.0 | 120-90 | 1    | 2    | 4    | 7    | 8-11 | 1    | 14-18 |
|      |        |      |      |      |      |      | 1-14 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
|      |        | F    |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | lame |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | Len  |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | gth/ |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | Feet |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 3.0  | 120-90 | 3.0  | 4.2  | 5.6  | 6.8  | 8.0  | 9.2  | 10.3  |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 6.0  | 120-90 | 2.7  | 3.7  | 4.9  | 6.0  | 7.1  | 8.1  | 9.0   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 9.0  | 120-90 | 2.5  | 3.4  | 4.5  | 5.6  | 6.6  | 7.5  | 8.3   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 12.0 | 120-90 | 2.3  | 3.2  | 4.3  | 5.3  | 6.2  | 7.0  | 7.9   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 15.0 | 120-90 | 2.2  | 3.0  | 4.1  | 5.0  | 5.9  | 6.7  | 7.5   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 1    | 120-90 | 2.1  | 2.8  | 3.8  | 4.7  | 5.5  | 6.2  | 7.0   |
| 8.0+ |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 21.0 | 120-90 | 1.7  | 2.4  | 3.2  | 3.9  | 4.6  | 5.3  | 5.9   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+

TABLE 61: FUEL MODEL 10―45% SLOPE

+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Fuel |        | Midf |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| Mois |        | lame |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| ture |        | W    |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | ind, |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| \%   |        | mi/h |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| (1-H |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| our) |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
|      |        | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.  | 8\.  | 10\. | 12\.  |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
|      |        | Rate |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | of   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | S    |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | prea |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | d/Ch |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | ains |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | per  |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | Hour |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 3.0  | 120-90 | 5    | 7    | 9-12 | 1    | 1    | 2    | 31-38 |
|      |        |      |      |      | 4-17 | 9-23 | 5-31 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 6.0  | 120-90 | 4    | 6    | 8-10 | 1    | 1    | 2    | 27-33 |
|      |        |      |      |      | 2-15 | 6-20 | 1-26 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 9.0  | 120-90 | 4    | 6    | 7-9  | 1    | 1    | 1    | 24-29 |
|      |        |      |      |      | 1-13 | 5-18 | 9-23 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 12.0 | 120-90 | 3    | 5    | 8    | 1    | 1    | 1    | 23-27 |
|      |        |      |      |      | 0-12 | 4-17 | 8-22 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 15.0 | 120-90 | 3    | 5    | 6-8  | 11   | 1    | 1    | 21-25 |
|      |        |      |      |      |      | 3-16 | 7-20 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 1    | 120-90 | 3    | 4    | 7    | 10   | 1    | 1    | 20-23 |
| 8.0+ |        |      |      |      |      | 3-14 | 6-18 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 21.0 | 120-90 | 2    | 4    | 6    | 7-9  | 9-12 | 1    | 15-19 |
|      |        |      |      |      |      |      | 2-15 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
|      |        | F    |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | lame |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | Len  |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | gth/ |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | Feet |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 3.0  | 120-90 | 3.9  | 4.8  | 6.0  | 7.2  | 8.3  | 9.3  | 10.4  |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 6.0  | 120-90 | 3.4  | 4.2  | 5.3  | 6.3  | 7.3  | 8.3  | 9.1   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 9.0  | 120-90 | 3.2  | 3.9  | 4.9  | 5.8  | 6.8  | 7.6  | 8.4   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 12.0 | 120-90 | 3.0  | 3.7  | 4.6  | 5.5  | 6.4  | 7.2  | 8.0   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 15.0 | 120-90 | 2.9  | 3.6  | 4.4  | 5.3  | 6.1  | 6.9  | 7.6   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 1    | 120-90 | 2.7  | 3.3  | 4.1  | 4.9  | 5.7  | 6.4  | 7.1   |
| 8.0+ |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 21.0 | 120-90 | 2.2  | 2.7  | 3.4  | 4.0  | 4.7  | 5.3  | 5.9   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+

TABLE 62: FUEL MODEL 10―60% SLOPE

+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| Fuel |        | Midf |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| Mois |        | lame |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| ture |        | W    |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | ind, |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| \%   |        | mi/h |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| (1-H |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| our) |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
|      |        | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.  | 8\.  | 10\. | 12\.  |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
|      |        | Rate |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | of   |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | S    |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | prea |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | d/Ch |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | ains |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | per  |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | Hour |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 3.0  | 120-90 | 7    | 8-10 | 1    | 1    | 2    | 2    | 34-41 |
|      |        |      |      | 2-14 | 6-20 | 1-26 | 7-33 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 6.0  | 120-90 | 6    | 8    | 1    | 1    | 1    | 2    | 29-35 |
|      |        |      |      | 0-12 | 4-17 | 8-22 | 3-28 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 9.0  | 120-90 | 6    | 6-8  | 9-11 | 1    | 1    | 2    | 26-32 |
|      |        |      |      |      | 3-15 | 7-20 | 1-26 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 12.0 | 120-90 | 5    | 7    | 10   | 1    | 1    | 2    | 24-29 |
|      |        |      |      |      | 2-14 | 6-19 | 0-24 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 15.0 | 120-90 | 5    | 7    | 9    | 1    | 1    | 1    | 23-27 |
|      |        |      |      |      | 1-13 | 5-17 | 9-22 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 1    | 120-90 | 4    | 6    | 7-9  | 1    | 1    | 1    | 21-25 |
| 8.0+ |        |      |      |      | 0-12 | 3-16 | 7-20 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 21.0 | 120-90 | 4    | 5    | 7    | 8-10 | 1    | 1    | 16-20 |
|      |        |      |      |      |      | 0-13 | 2-17 |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
|      |        | F    |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | lame |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | Len  |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | gth/ |      |      |      |      |      |       |
|      |        | Feet |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 3.0  | 120-90 | 4.9  | 5.6  | 6.6  | 7.6  | 8.7  | 9.7  | 10.7  |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 6.0  | 120-90 | 4.3  | 2.9  | 5.8  | 6.8  | 7.7  | 8.6  | 9.4   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 9.0  | 120-90 | 3.9  | 4.6  | 5.4  | 6.3  | 7.1  | 7.9  | 8.7   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 12.0 | 120-90 | 3.8  | 4.3  | 5.1  | 5.9  | 6.7  | 7.5  | 8.3   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 15.0 | 120-90 | 3.6  | 4.1  | 4.9  | 5.7  | 6.4  | 7.2  | 7.9   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 1    | 120-90 | 3.3  | 3.8  | 4.5  | 5.2  | 6.0  | 6.7  | 7.3   |
| 8.0+ |        |      |      |      |      |      |      |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| 21.0 | 120-90 | 2.7  | 3.2  | 3.8  | 4.4  | 5.0  | 5.5  | 6.1   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+

TABLE 63: FUEL MODEL 10―90% SLOPE

+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| Fuel |        | Midf |      |      |      |      |       |       |
| Mois |        | lame |      |      |      |      |       |       |
| ture |        | W    |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        | ind, |      |      |      |      |       |       |
| \%   |        | mi/h |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
| (1-H |        |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
| our) |        |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
|      |        | 0\.  | 2\.  | 4\.  | 6\.  | 8\.  | 10\.  | 12\.  |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
|      |        | Rate |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        | of   |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        | S    |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        | prea |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        | d/Ch |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        | ains |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        | per  |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        | Hour |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 120-90 | 1    | 1    | 1    | 2    | 2    | 34-41 | 40-49 |
|      |        | 3-15 | 5-18 | 8-22 | 3-28 | 8-34 |       |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 120-90 | 1    | 1    | 1    | 2    | 2    | 29-35 | 34-42 |
|      |        | 1-13 | 3-15 | 6-19 | 0-24 | 4-29 |       |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 120-90 | 1    | 1    | 1    | 1    | 2    | 26-32 | 31-38 |
|      |        | 0-12 | 1-14 | 4-17 | 8-21 | 2-26 |       |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 120-90 | 9-11 | 1    | 1    | 1    | 2    | 25-29 | 29-35 |
|      |        |      | 1-13 | 3-16 | 7-21 | 0-24 |       |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 120-90 | 10   | 1    | 1    | 1    | 1    | 23-27 | 27-32 |
|      |        |      | 0-12 | 2-15 | 6-18 | 9-23 |       |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 120-90 | 9    | 9-11 | 1    | 1    | 1    | 21-25 | 25-29 |
| 8.0+ |        |      |      | 1-13 | 4-17 | 7-20 |       |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 120-90 | 6-8  | 7-9  | 9-11 | 1    | 1    | 16-21 | 19-24 |
|      |        |      |      |      | 1-14 | 3-17 |       |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
|      |        | F    |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        | lame |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        | Len  |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        | gth/ |      |      |      |      |       |       |
|      |        | Feet |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 3.0  | 120-90 | 6.8  | 7.3  | 8.1  | 9.0  | 9.8  | 10.7  | 11.6  |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 6.0  | 120-90 | 6.0  | 6.5  | 7.1  | 7.9  | 8.7  | 9.4   | 10.3  |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 9.0  | 120-90 | 5.5  | 5.9  | 6.6  | 7.3  | 8.0  | 8.8   | 9.4   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 12.0 | 120-90 | 5.3  | 5.7  | 6.2  | 6.9  | 7.6  | 8.3   | 9.0   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 15.0 | 120-90 | 5.0  | 5.4  | 6.0  | 6.6  | 7.2  | 7.9   | 8.6   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 1    | 120-90 | 4.6  | 5.0  | 5.5  | 6.1  | 6.7  | 7.3   | 7.9   |
| 8.0+ |        |      |      |      |      |      |       |       |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
| 21.0 | 120-90 | 3.9  | 4.1  | 4.6  | 5.1  | 5.6  | 6.1   | 6.6   |
+------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+

TABLE 64: FUEL MODEL 11―0% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                          
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                    

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.     8\.     10\.    12\.

                 Rate of                                                 
                 Spread/Chains                                           
                 per Hour                                                

  3.0            1               3       6       9       12      16      19

  6.0            1               2       5       7       10      13      16

  9.0            0               2       4       6       9       11      14

  12.0           0               2       3       5       7       9       11

  15.0           0               1       2       3       4       •5      •5

  18.0+          0               0       0       0       0       0       0

                 Flame                                                   
                 Length/Feet                                             

  3.0            1.3             2.6     3.6     4.3     5.0     5.6     6.1

  6.0            1.2             2.3     3.1     3.8     4.4     4.9     5.4

  9.0            1.1             2.1     2.9     3.5     4.0     4.5     5.0

  12.0           0.9             1.8     2.4     2.9     3.4     3.8     4.2

  15.0           0.5             1.0     1.4     1.7     1.9     2.2     •2.3

  18.0+          0.0             0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0

                 **• MEANS YOU                                           
                 HIT THE WIND                                            
                 LIMIT**.                                                
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------

TABLE 65: FUEL MODEL 11―30% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                          
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                    

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.     8\.     10\.    12\.

                 Rate of                                                 
                 Spread/Chains                                           
                 per Hour                                                

  3.0            2               4       7       10      13      17      20

  6.0            1               3       6       8       11      14      17

  9.0            1               3       5       7       10      12      15

  12.0           1               2       4       6       8       10      12

  15.0           1               1       2       3       4       •5      •5

  18.0+          0               0       0       0       0       0       0

                 Flame                                                   
                 Length/Feet                                             

  3.0            2.1             3.0     3.8     4.6     5.2     5.8     6.3

  6.0            1.8             2.7     3.4     4.0     4.6     5.1     5.5

  9.0            1.7             2.4     3.1     3.7     4.2     4.7     5.1

  12.0           1.4             2.1     2.6     3.1     3.5     3.9     4.3

  15.0           0.8             1.2     1.5     1.8     2.0     2.2     •2.3

  18.0+          0.0             0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0

                 **•MEANS YOU                                            
                 HIT THE WIND                                            
                 LIMIT**.                                                
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------

TABLE 66: FUEL MODEL 11―45% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                           
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                     

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.     8\.     10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                  
                 Spread/Chains                                            
                 per Hour                                                 

  3.0            3               6       8       11      15      18       22

  6.0            3               5       7       9       12      15       18

  9.0            2               4       6       8       11      13       16

  12.0           2               3       5       7       8       10       12

  15.0           1               2       3       3       4       •5       •5

  18.0+          0               0       0       0       0       0        0

                 Flame                                                    
                 Length/Feet                                              

  3.0            2.7             3.5     4.2     4.8     5.4     6.0      6.5

  6.0            2.4             3.0     3.7     4.2     4.8     5.2      5.7

  9.0            2.2             2.8     3.4     3.9     4.4     4.8      5.2

  12.0           1.8             2.4     2.9     3.3     3.7     4.1      4.4

  15.0           1.0             1.3     1.6     1.9     2.1     •2.3     •2.3

  18.0+          0.0             0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0      0.0

                 **•MEANS YOU                                             
                 HIT THE WIND                                             
                 LIMIT**.                                                 
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- --------

TABLE 67: FUEL MODEL 11―60% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                            
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                      

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.      8\.     10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                   
                 Spread/Chains                                             
                 per Hour                                                  

  3.0            5               7       10      13-      17      20       24

  6.0            4               6       9       11-      14      17       19

  9.0            4               5       7       10       12      14       17

  12.0           3               4       6       8        10      11       13

  15.0           2               2       3       4        •5      •5       •5

  18.0+          0               0       0       0        0       0        0

                 Flame                                                     
                 Length/Feet                                               

  3.0            3.3             4.0     4.6     5.2      5.7     6.3      6.7

  6.0            2.9             3.5     4.0     4.6      5.0     5.5      5.9

  9.0            2.7             3.2     3.7     4.2      4.7     5.1      5.5

  12.0           2.3             3.7     3.1     3.5      3.9     4.3      4.6

  15.0           1.3             1.5     1.8     2.0      2.2     •2.3     •2.3

  18.0+          0.0             0.0     0.0     0.0      0.0     0.0      0.0

                 **•MEANS YOU                                              
                 HIT THE WIND                                              
                 LIMIT**.                                                  
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------- --------

TABLE 68: FUEL MODEL 11―90% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                             
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                       

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                    
                 Spread/Chains                                              
                 per Hour                                                   

  3.0            11              13      16      19       22       26       29

  6.0            9               11      13      16       18       21       24

  9.0            8               9       11      14       16       18       21

  12.0           6               7       9       11       13       15       17

  15.0           3               4       •5      •5       •5       •5       •5

  18.0+          0               0       0       0        0        0        0

                 Flame                                                      
                 Length/Feet                                                

  3.0            4.7             5.1     5.6     6.1      6.6      7.0      7.4

  6.0            4.1             4.5     4.9     5.4      5.8      6.1      6.5

  9.0            3.8             4.1     4.5     4.9      5.3      5.7      6.0

  12.0           3.2             3.5     3.8     4.2      4.5      4.8      5.1

  15.0           1.8             2.0     2.2     •2.3     •2.3     2.3•     •2.3

  18.0+          0.0             0.0     0.0     0.0      0.0      0.0      0.0

                 **•MEANS YOU                                               
                 HIT THE WIND                                               
                 LIMIT.**                                                   
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 69: FUEL MODEL 12―0% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                             
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                       

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                    
                 Spread/Chains                                              
                 per Hour                                                   

  3.0            2               7       13      20       27       34       42

  6.0            1               6       11      16       22       27       33

  9.0            1               5       9       14       19       24       29

  12.0           1               4       8       12       17       21       26

  15.0           1               4       7       11       15       19       23

  18.0           1               3       6       8        11       15       18

  21.0           0               2       3       5        7        9        11

                 Flame                                                      
                 Length/Feet                                                

  3.0            3.3             6.3     8.5     10.3     11.8     13.2     14.4

  6.0            2.8             5.4     7.3     8.8      10.1     11.3     12.4

  9.0            2.6             5.0     6.7     8.1      9.3      10.3     11.3

  12.0           2.4             4.7     6.3     7.6      8.7      9.7      10.6

  15.0           2.2             4.3     5.7     6.9      7.9      8.9      9.7

  18.0           1.9             3.5     4.7     5.7      6.6      7.4      8.1

  21.0           1.2             2.3     3.1     3.7      4.2      4.7      5.2
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 70: FUEL MODEL 12―30% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                             
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                       

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                    
                 Spread/Chains                                              
                 per Hour                                                   

  3.0            4               9       16      22       29       37       44

  6.0            3               8       13      18       24       29       35

  9.0            3               7       11      16       21       26       31

  12.0           3               6       10      14       18       23       27

  15.0           2               5       9       12       16       20       24

  18.0           2               4       7       10       13       16       19

  21.0           1               2       4       8        8        9        11

                 Flame                                                      
                 Length/Feet                                                

  3.0            5.1             7.3     9.2     10.9     12.3     13.6     14.8

  6.0            4.3             6.3     7.9     9.3      10.6     11.7     12.7

  9.0            4.0             5.7     7.2     8.5      9.7      10.7     11.6

  12.0           3.7             5.4     6.8     8.0      9.1      10.0     10.9

  15.0           3.4             4.9     6.2     7.3      8.3      9.2      10.1

  18.0           2.8             4.1     5.2     6.1      6.9      7.6      8.3

  21.0           1.8             2.6     3.3     3.9      4.4      4.9      5.3
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 71: FUEL MODEL 12―45% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                              
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                        

                 0\.             2\.     4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                     
                 Spread/Chains                                               
                 per Hour                                                    

  3.0            7               13      19       26       33       40       47

  6.0            6               10      15       21       26       32       38

  9.0            5               9       13       18       23       28       33

  12.0           5               8       12       16       20       25       29

  15.0           4               7       10       14       18       22       26

  18.0           3               5       8        11       14       17       20

  21.0           2               3       5        7        8        10       12

                 Flame                                                       
                 Length/Feet                                                 

  3.0            6.5             8.3     10.0     11.5     12.9     14.1     15.3

  6.0            5.6             7.2     8.6      9.9      11.1     12.1     13.1

  9.0            5.1             6.6     7.9      9.1      10.0     11.1     12.0

  12.0           4.8             6.2     7.4      8.5      9.5      10.4     11.3

  15.0           4.4             5.6     6.8      7.8      8.7      9.5      10.3

  18.0           3.6             4.7     5.6      6.4      7.2      7.9      8.5

  21.0           2.3             3.0     3.6      4.1      4.6      5.1      5.5
  -------------- --------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 72: FUEL MODEL 12―60% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                           
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                     

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.     8\.     10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                  
                 Spread/Chains                                            
                 per Hour                                                 

  3.0            12              17      23      30      37      44       52

  6.0            10              14      19      24      30      36       42

  9.0            8               12      16      21      26      31       36

  12.0           7               11      15      19      23      28       32

  15.0           6               9       13      16      20      24       28

  18.0           5               7       10      13      16      19       22

  21.0           3               4       6       8       9       11       13

                 Flame                                                    
                 Length/Feet                                              

  3.0            8.1             9.5     11.1    12.4    13.7    14.9     16.0

  6.0            7.0             8.2     9.5     10.7    11.7    12.7     13.7

  9.0            6.4             7.5     8.7     9.8     10.7    11.7     12.5

  12.0           6.0             7.1     8.2     9.2     10.1    10.9     11.8

  15.0           5.5             6.5     7.4     8.4     9.2     10.0     10.7

  18.0           4.5             5.4     6.2     6.9     7.6     8.3      8.9

  21.0           2.9             3.4     4.0     4.5     4.9     5.3      5.7
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- --------

TABEL 73: FUEL MODEL 12―90% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                            
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                      

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.     8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                   
                 Spread/Chains                                             
                 per Hour                                                  

  3.0            25              30      36      43      50       57       64

  6.0            20              24      29      34      40       46       52

  9.0            17              21      25      30      35       40       45

  12.0           15              19      23      27      31       36       40

  15.0           13              16      20      23      27       31       35

  18.0           11              13      15      18      21       24       28

  21.0           6               8       9       11      13       15       17

                 Flame                                                     
                 Length/Feet                                               

  3.0            11.3            12.4    13.5    14.6    15.7     16.7     17.7

  6.0            9.7             10.6    11.6    12.5    13.4     14.3     15.1

  9.0            8.9             9.7     10.6    11.5    12.3     13.1     13.9

  12.0           8.4             9.1     10.0    10.8    11.6     12.3     13.0

  15.0           7.6             8.3     9.1     9.8     10.5     11.2     11.9

  18.0           6.3             6.9     7.5     8.2     8.8      9.3      9.9

  21.0           4.1             4.5     4.9     5.3     5.6      6.0      6.3
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 74: FUEL MODEL 13―0% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                              
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                        

                 0\.             2\.     4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                     
                 Spread/Chains                                               
                 per Hour                                                    

  3.0            2               9       16       24       33       42       51

  6.0            2               7       13       19       26       33       40

  9.0            2               6       11       16       22       28       34

  12.0           1               5       10       14       20       25       30

  15.0           1               5       9        13       18       22       27

  18.0           1               4       8        12       16       20       24

  21.0           1               3       6        9        13       17       21

                 Flame                                                       
                 Length/Feet                                                 

  3.0            4.6             8.4     11.2     13.5     15.5     17.3     18.9

  6.0            3.9             7.1     9.5      11.5     13.2     14.7     16.1

  9.0            3.5             6.4     8.5      10.3     11.8     13.2     14.4

  12.0           3.2             5.9     7.9      9.6      11.0     12.3     13.4

  15.0           3.1             5.6     7.5      9.0      10.4     11.6     12.7

  18.0           2.9             5.2     7.0      8.5      9.7      10.8     11.9

  21.0           2.6             4.7     6.3      7.6      8.7      9.7      10.6
  -------------- --------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 75: FUEL MODEL 13―30% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                             
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                       

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                    
                 Spread/Chains                                              
                 per Hour                                                   

  3.0            6               12      19      27       36       45       54

  6.0            4               9       15      22       29       36       43

  9.0            4               8       13      18       24       30       36

  12.0           3               7       12      16       21       27       32

  15.0           3               6       10      15       19       24       29

  18.0           3               6       9       13       17       22       26

  21.0           2               5       8       11       15       19       22

                 Flame                                                      
                 Length/Feet                                                

  3.0            6.8             9.7     12.2    14.3     16.2     17.9     19.5

  6.0            5.8             8.2     10.3    12.1     13.7     15.2     16.5

  9.0            5.2             7.4     9.2     10.9     12.3     13.6     14.8

  12.0           4.8             6.9     8.6     10.1     11.5     12.7     13.8

  15.0           4.6             6.5     8.2     9.6      10.8     12.0     13.1

  18.0           4.3             6.1     7.6     9.0      10.1     11.2     12.2

  21.0           3.8             5.4     6.8     8.0      9.1      10.0     10.9
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 76: FUEL MODEL 13―45% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------ -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                             
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                       

                 0\.             2\.    4\.      6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                    
                 Spread/Chains                                              
                 per Hour                                                   

  3.0            10              16     23       31       40       49       58

  6.0            8               13     19       25       32       39       46

  9.0            6               11     16       21       27       33       39

  12.0           6               9      14       19       24       29       35

  15.0           5               9      13       17       22       26       31

  18.0           5               8      11       15       19       24       28

  21.0           4               7      10       13       17       20       24

                 Flame                                                      
                 Length/Feet                                                

  3.0            8.8             11.1   13.3     15.2     17.0     18.6     20.1

  6.0            7.5             9.4    11.3     12.9     14.4     15.8     17.1

  9.0            6.7             8.4    10.1     11.6     12.9     14.2     15.3

  12.0           6.2             7.9    9.4      10.8     10.8     13.2     14.3

  15.0           5.9             7.4    8.9      10.2     11.4     12.5     13.5

  18.0           5.5             6.9    8.3      9.5      10.6     11.7     12.6

  21.0           4.9             6.2    7.4      8.5      9.5      10.4     11.3
  -------------- --------------- ------ -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 77: FUEL MODEL 13―60% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                             
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                       

                 0\.             2\.     4\.     6\.      8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                    
                 Spread/Chains                                              
                 per Hour                                                   

  3.0            15              21      29      37       46       54       63

  6.0            12              17      23      29       36       43       50

  9.0            10              14      19      25       31       37       43

  12.0           9               13      17      22       27       32       38

  15.0           8               12      16      20       25       29       34

  18.0           7               10      14      18       22       26       31

  21.0           6               9       12      15       19       23       26

                 Flame                                                      
                 Length/Feet                                                

  3.0            10.9            12.8    14.7    16.4     18.1     19.6     21.0

  6.0            9.2             10.8    12.4    13.9     15.3     16.6     17.8

  9.0            8.3             9.7     11.1    12.5     13.7     14.9     16.0

  12.0           7.7             9.0     10.4    11.6     12.8     13.9     14.9

  15.0           7.3             8.5     9.8     11.0     12.1     13.1     14.1

  18.0           6.8             8.0     9.2     10.3     11.3     12.3     13.2

  21.0           6.1             7.1     8.2     9.2      10.1     11.0     11.8
  -------------- --------------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- --------

TABLE 78: FUEL MODEL 13―90% SLOPE

  -------------- --------------- ------ -------- ------- -------- -------- --------
  Fuel Moisture  Midflame Wind,                                            
  (1-Hour)       mi/h                                                      

                 0\.             2\.    4\.      6\.     8\.      10\.     12\.

                 Rate of                                                   
                 Spread/Chains                                             
                 per Hour                                                  

  3.0            31              37     45       53      62       70       79

  6.0            25              30     36       42      49       56       63

  9.0            21              25     30       36      41       47       53

  12.0           19              22     27       32      37       42       47

  15.0           17              20     24       29      33       38       43

  18.0           115             18     22       26      30       34       38

  21.0           13              16     19       22      26       29       33

                 Flame                                                     
                 Length/Feet                                               

  3.0            15.2            16.5   17.9     9.4     20.7     22.1     23.3

  6.0            12.9            14.0   15.2     16.4    17.6     18.7     19.8

  9.0            11.5            12.5   13.6     14.7    15.8     16.8     17.7

  12.0           10.7            11.7   12.7     13.7    14.7     15.6     16.5

  15.0           10.2            11.1   12.0     13.0    13.9     14.8     15.6

  18.0           9.5             10.3   11.2     12.1    13.0     13.8     14.6

  21.0           8.5             9.2    10.1     10.9    11.6     12.4     13.1
  -------------- --------------- ------ -------- ------- -------- -------- --------