EDUCATION FOR HOMELESS CHILDREN

> **AND YOUTH PROGRAM**

# TITLE VII, SUBTITLE B

# of the

# McKINNEY-VENTO HOMELESS ASSISTANCE ACT

# 

# 

# REPORT TO CONGRESS 

## FISCAL YEAR 2000

> ![](media/image1.wmf){width="4.8in" height="4.0in"}
>
> **This report is written in accordance with Section 722(f)(4) of the
> McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, Title VII-B (42 USC 11431 [et
> seq.]{.underline})**

###  UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

**OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION**

> Report to Congress

Fiscal Year 2000

EDUCATION FOR HOMELESS CHILDREN AND YOUTH

# TABLE OF CONTENTS

## 

> Introduction Page 3
>
> Education for Homeless Children and Youth Page 4
>
> Summary of Data Included in SEA Reports Page 4
>
> Barriers to the Education of Homeless Children and Youth Page 6
>
> LEA Strategies to Remove Barriers Page 6
>
> Year 2000 Nationwide Status of Homeless Education Page 9

### Appendices

> Table 1 - Number of Homeless Children and Youth by Pages 13-14
>
> Grade Level - Estimated Totals, Enrolled and
>
> Regularly Attending School

Table 2 - Primary Nighttime Residence of Pages 15-16

Homeless Children and Youth

REPORT TO CONGRESS

**AGENCY:** U.S. Department of Education

**PROGRAM:** Education for Homeless Children and Youth

**STATUTE:** McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, Title VII-B (42 USC
11431 [et]{.underline} [seq.]{.underline})

**SUBJECT:** A compilation of the reports submitted by States in
accordance with Section 722(f)(4) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless
Assistance Act

#### INTRODUCTION

In accordance with Section 722(f)(4) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless
Assistance Act, State educational agencies (SEAs) are instructed to
submit reports to the Secretary every three years that include:

1.  Estimates of the number and location of homeless children and youth
    in the States,

2.  Comprehensive information on the nature and extent of the problems
    and barriers homeless children and youth experience in gaining
    access to public preschool programs and to public elementary and
    secondary schools, and

3.  The difficulties in identifying the special needs of homeless
    children and youth, any progress made in the States in addressing
    such problems and difficulties, and the States\' success in allowing
    homeless children and youth to enroll in, attend, and succeed in
    school.

State educational agencies (SEAs) in the 50 States, Guam, Puerto Rico,
the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of Northern
Mariana Islands received fiscal year (FY) 2000 funds under this program.
All States receiving program funds submitted reports to the Department.
The District of Columbia is not included since the District has declined
federal funds administered under this program. The Virgin Islands,
American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands did not submit reports
since they receive funds through a consolidated grants system.

The Department's prior reports to Congress stated that due to problems
with gathering data on homeless children and youth, the information
contained in the reports should be viewed with caution. In spite of
efforts by the Department and the States, the problems associated with
identification, duplication, extrapolation, and differing State
definitions of homelessness continue. We advise, therefore, that the
information contained in this report also be viewed cautiously as
estimates rather than as precise numbers[^1]. For the purposes of the
most recent data collection, the Department requested that States
provide an estimate of the following: (1) total number of homeless
children and youth by grade level; (2) the number of homeless children
and youth enrolled in public school by grade level; (3) the number of
homeless children and youth regularly attending school by grade level;
and (4) the primary nighttime residence of homeless children and youth.

**Education for Homeless Children and Youth Program**

The intent of the Education for Homeless Children and Youth program,
Title VII-B of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, is to ensure
that all homeless children and youth have access to the same free,
appropriate public education, including a public pre-school education,
as provided to other children and youth. The Act calls on States to
review and revise their laws and policies to eliminate barriers to the
enrollment, attendance, and success in school of homeless children and
youth and to include homeless students in the mainstream school
environment.

Title VII-B grant funds are allocated to SEAs in order to support their
State Office of Coordinator of Education of Homeless Children and Youth.
The Coordinator facilitates communication and collaboration of the State
educational agency (SEA) and other public and private agencies and
organizations providing services to homeless children and youth and
their families, in order to improve the provision of such services.
States award subgrants to local educational agencies (LEAs) on the basis
of need.

LEA subgrantees are required to establish or designate a homeless
liaison within the school district. The liaison ensures that homeless
children and youth enroll in and succeed in school, and that the
children and their families receive educational services and referrals
to health, dental, and mental health care and other services as
appropriate. LEAs are required to develop, review, and revise policies
to eliminate barriers to the enrollment, attendance, and success in
school of homeless children and youth. All school districts are required
to eliminate barriers to ensure access to and success in educational
opportunities for homeless children and youth, regardless whether they
receive funds under McKinney-Vento.

**SUMMARY OF DATA INCLUDED IN SEA REPORTS**

This report compiles data submitted by States regarding the total number
of homeless children and youth. The figures are only estimates. States
and LEAs employ a wide variety of data-collection methodologies. For
example, States do not collect data at the same time of the year. Data
are not consistently collected by grade level. Not all school districts
report data to their SEA and some States extrapolate their data. Despite
these significant data limitations, the data can help identify important
questions and issues related to the needs of homeless children and
youth.

**Key Findings**

The greatest reported numbers of homeless children are at the preschool
and elementary school levels. The lower numbers reported for junior high
and high school may be due, in part, to difficulties in identifying
older children and youth. Approximately 67 percent of identified
homeless children and youth (Pre-K - 12) are enrolled in school. The low
number of enrolled preschool age homeless children (40,265) suggests
that this is an age group that is greatly underserved. Excluding
preschool, the data show that 87 percent of homeless children and youth
(K-12) are enrolled. Approximately 77 percent of homeless children and
youth (K-12) attend school regularly. The vast majority of homeless
children and youth identified in the State reports live in shelters,
doubled up with friends or relatives, or in other situations such as
motels and campgrounds.

**States' Goals for Homeless Education**

The following are the most commonly reported goals in homeless education
reported by State coordinators:

1.  Ensure access to free and appropriate education for homeless
    students.

2.  Form successful interagency collaborations to coordinate services.

3.  Provide technical assistance to school districts.

4.  Increase awareness of issues surrounding homelessness.

5.  Review and revise laws, regulations, and policies related to the
    education of homeless children and youth.

6.  Provide transportation for homeless children to attend school and
    before- and after-school activities.

7.  Implement a data collection system for identifying and tracking
    homeless students.

Reported reasons for why the above-mentioned goals have not been met
include:

1.  Staff turnover in school districts, schools, and local agencies.

2.  Lack of awareness of the needs of homeless children and youth and
    their

families.

3.  Difficulty in identifying homeless children.

4.  More homeless students than staff are able to serve effectively.

5.  Limited funding.

####### BARRIERS TO THE EDUCATION OF HOMELESS CHILDREN AND YOUTH

State and local policies are designed to protect children, but sometimes
make it more difficult for homeless children and youth to succeed
academically. The following is a listing of frequent problems reported
by State coordinators that homeless students face in attempting to
enroll in school and attend school regularly.

**[Barrier]{.underline}** **[Number of States Reporting]{.underline}**

> Transportation 28
>
> Immunization requirements 25
>
> Residency requirements 24
>
> Providing birth certificates 22
>
> Legal guardianship requirements 22
>
> Lack of preschool programs 19
>
> Lack of availability of school records 18
>
> Physical examination requirements 14

# LEA STRATEGIES TO REMOVE BARRIERS 

#  

LEAs are required to develop, review, and revise policies to eliminate
barriers to the enrollment, attendance, and success in school of
homeless children and youth. The following is a list of reported
strategies utilized to promote academic success for homeless students.

1\. Facilitating immediate enrollment of homeless children and youth by

a.  providing a temporary waiver for enrollment documentation;

b.  providing a liaison to assist parents with finding records;

c.  instituting a State law which provides a 30-day grace period for
    providing documentation required by the school;

d.  instituting a State law which allows the family/ school to appoint a
    guardian for the children in cases where the parent is absent;

e.  allowing homeless pre-kindergarten students immediate enrollment.

> 2\. Allowing children to remain in their school of origin prior to
> their episode of homelessness.
>
> 3\. Increasing homelessness awareness by

a)  providing staff development to school personnel;

b)  disseminating information to the public about homeless children and
    youth;

c)  hosting a web page on homeless education on SEA websites;

d)  presenting at conferences.

> 4\. Strengthening homeless education programs by

a)  conducting site visits to programs supported with McKinney-Vento
    funds;

b)  distributing publications, manuals, and guidance to district
    homeless education coordinators and key school staff;

c)  designating a homeless education liaison in every district;

d)  creating partnerships for LEA, SEA, and agency coordination.

5\. Passing State legislation that supports the educational needs of
homeless children and youth.

> 6\. Conducting State level and district level policy reviews and
> revisions.

### 

### Unique Needs of Homeless Children and Youth

Homeless children and youth require direct and indirect services to
ensure optimal academic success. The following is a list of the needs of
homeless children and their programming requirements most often reported
by SEAs.

**[Major Need]{.underline} [Number of States Reporting]{.underline}**

Tutoring / Remedial 39

Parent Training 34

Medical Services 33

Counseling 33

Transportation 33

## Agency Coordination 29

Preschool Programs 28

## Free lunch / breakfast 27

Staff development 24

School Supplies 22

Case Management 21

##### 

##### Federal Programs that Homeless Students Have Difficulty Accessing

Schools must provide services to homeless children and youth that are
comparable to services offered to other students. Most federal education
programs are required to serve homeless students; however, many States
report that homeless students have difficulty accessing these programs.

#### Challenges and Solutions to Removing Access Problems

Following are the most frequently cited challenges for homeless children
and youth to access federal programs and strategies for addressing the
challenges, as well as strategies and policies that States and districts
are using to overcome these challenges. Rural districts in particular
report that programs such as Head Start, Even Start, and Adult and
Vocational Education are frequently unavailable and limited in their
resources and enrollment capacity. High mobility poses difficulties in
identifying homeless children and testing them and accessing records
from their prior school so that they may receive services before their
family moves again.

+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **Challenges   | **Strategies and Policies to Remove Accessing       |
| to Accessing** | Problems**                                          |
|                |                                                     |
| **Federal and  |                                                     |
| State          |                                                     |
| Programs**     |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Limited Access | Institute immediate enrollment policies             |
| to Preschool   |                                                     |
| Programs       |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Resistance to  | Conduct activities for school and district          |
| Change in      | personnel to increase homeless awareness            |
| Educational    |                                                     |
| Practice       |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Limited        | Utilize Title I reservation of funds                |
| Funding        |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Transportation | Collaborate with Title I and district grant         |
|                | programs                                            |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| High Mobility  | Designate local homeless program coordinators to    |
| of Homeless    | track and assist students                           |
| Students       |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Lack of        | Provide in-service training for school and district |
| Understanding  | personnel; develop and disseminate manuals          |
| of             |                                                     |
| McKinney-Vento |                                                     |
| Legislation    |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

####  YEAR 2000 NATIONWIDE STATUS OF HOMELESS EDUCATION

**Number of Homeless Children and Youth**

-   The estimated number of homeless children and youth (PreK-12) has
    increased from approximately 841,700 reported in 1997 to 930,200
    reported in 2000.

-   Preschool and elementary age children comprise the largest numbers
    of homeless children reported by the SEAs.

-   Year 2000 data show that approximately 87 percent of school age
    homeless children and youth (K-12) are enrolled in school. These
    figures are not a significant change from the 1997 data.

-   Year 2000 data show that approximately 77 percent of school age
    homeless children and youth (K-12) attend school regularly. These
    data show a significant change from the 1997 data which indicated
    that only 55 percent of school age homeless children and youth
    attended school regularly.

-   Only 15 percent of preschool age homeless children are enrolled in
    school programs. These data suggests that preschool age homeless
    children are greatly underserved by homeless education programs.

**Issues in Homeless Education**

-   Transportation remains the biggest barrier for homeless children
    enrolling in school and accessing available programs and services.
    Transportation issues include transporting children to and from
    school and before- and after-school activities. Ensuring that
    homeless children may remain in their school of origin (the school
    they attended before their homelessness) create additional
    transportation challenges.

-   Many schools and communities are unaware of those who are homeless,
    the number of homeless in their community, and what their needs are.

-   School district policies frequently pose enrollment barriers for
    homeless children and youth. Children and parents who are highly
    mobile generally do not carry immunization records, birth
    certificates, and proof of guardianship, and schools experience
    delays in transferring records. As a result, in many districts,
    children in homeless families are turned away from a new school
    until these issues are resolved. Without sufficient advocacy, many
    homeless children experience extended disruptions in their
    education.

-   Homeless children often need greater access to federal and State
    programs. Many homeless children are unable to participate in
    programs due to challenges created by high mobility. Homeless
    children are frequently isolated from programs that other eligible
    children can access easily.

**Strategies for Addressing Issues in Homeless Education**

-   Efforts to increase awareness hold much promise for sensitizing
    communities and schools to the needs of homeless children and youth.
    As school and school district personnel better understand the needs
    of homeless children and youth, they implement policies and
    practices that ensure access to school and support for success in
    school. Many State and local homeless education coordinators conduct
    extensive awareness activities.

-   State coordinators use a variety of methods to ensure that schools
    and school districts understand and uphold the McKinney-Vento Act.
    Information dissemination activities include the publication of
    guidances and manuals, holding State conferences for homeless
    education, and providing web pages on SEA websites. Several State
    coordinators visit McKinney-Vento program sites and offer assistance
    in program evaluation. Several States have designated a homeless
    education contact in all districts, not just those with
    McKinney-Vento programs.

-   Interagency collaboration is key to meeting the needs of homeless
    children and youth. School districts that collaborate with local
    agencies and shelters are able to provide comprehensive services
    that are continuous and non-duplicative. State homeless coalitions
    reinforce statewide collaboration.

**Appendices**

**\
**

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>Not Specified</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Pre-K</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><h6 id="elementary-school">Elementary School </h6></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Junior High School</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>High School</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Total (P-12)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>State</strong></td>
<td>estimated</td>
<td>estimated</td>
<td>enrolled</td>
<td>estimated</td>
<td>enrolled</td>
<td>attending regularly</td>
<td>estimated</td>
<td>enrolled</td>
<td>attending regularly</td>
<td>estimated</td>
<td>enrolled</td>
<td>attending regularly</td>
<td>estimated</td>
<td>enrolled</td>
<td>attending regularly</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Alabama</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,982</td>
<td>1,982</td>
<td>1,982</td>
<td>2,795</td>
<td>2,795</td>
<td>2,795</td>
<td>1,555</td>
<td>1,555</td>
<td>1,555</td>
<td>6,332</td>
<td>6,332</td>
<td>6,332</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Alaska</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>966</td>
<td>258</td>
<td>1,325</td>
<td>1,074</td>
<td>831</td>
<td>1,256</td>
<td>1,042</td>
<td>733</td>
<td>2,119</td>
<td>1,579</td>
<td>853</td>
<td>5,666</td>
<td>3,953</td>
<td>2,417</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Arizona</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>259</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>5,625</td>
<td>3,811</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>3,035<sup>2</sup></td>
<td>2,041<sup>2</sup></td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,790<sup>2</sup></td>
<td>1,036<sup>2</sup></td>
<td>-</td>
<td>10,709</td>
<td>6,888</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Arkansas</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>490</td>
<td>130</td>
<td>3,699</td>
<td>3,315</td>
<td>3,307</td>
<td>1,312</td>
<td>952</td>
<td>938</td>
<td>1,114</td>
<td>984</td>
<td>750</td>
<td>6,615</td>
<td>5,381</td>
<td>4,995</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>California</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>111,812</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>86,580</td>
<td>74,025<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>74,025</td>
<td>27,236</td>
<td>23,352<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>23,352<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>63,398</td>
<td>54,205<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>54,205<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>289,026</td>
<td>151,582</td>
<td>151,582</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Colorado</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>2,131</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>2,564</td>
<td>2,212</td>
<td>2,197</td>
<td>1,068</td>
<td>921</td>
<td>915</td>
<td>641</td>
<td>553</td>
<td>549</td>
<td>6,404</td>
<td>4,036</td>
<td>3,661</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Connecticut</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>286</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,670</td>
<td>1,670</td>
<td>1,670</td>
<td>1,071</td>
<td>1,071</td>
<td>1,071</td>
<td>410</td>
<td>410</td>
<td>410</td>
<td>3,437</td>
<td>3,151</td>
<td>3,151</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Delaware</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>310</td>
<td>109</td>
<td>879</td>
<td>879</td>
<td>879</td>
<td>620</td>
<td>620</td>
<td>620</td>
<td>258</td>
<td>253</td>
<td>253</td>
<td>2,067</td>
<td>1,861</td>
<td>1,752</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Florida</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>8,921</td>
<td>2,000</td>
<td>14,821</td>
<td>10,818</td>
<td>10,233</td>
<td>9,900</td>
<td>5,433</td>
<td>5,018</td>
<td>7,768</td>
<td>5,285</td>
<td>4,756</td>
<td>41,410</td>
<td>23,536</td>
<td>20,007</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Georgia</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>4,710</td>
<td>4,004</td>
<td>7,158</td>
<td>6,800</td>
<td>6,461</td>
<td>4,772</td>
<td>4,533</td>
<td>4,306</td>
<td>2,983</td>
<td>2,834</td>
<td>2,962</td>
<td>19,623</td>
<td>18,171</td>
<td>13,729</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hawaii</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>831</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>616</td>
<td>314</td>
<td>314</td>
<td>109</td>
<td>123</td>
<td>123</td>
<td>226</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>103</td>
<td>1,782</td>
<td>595</td>
<td>540</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Idaho</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>177</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>384</td>
<td>312</td>
<td>275</td>
<td>425</td>
<td>404</td>
<td>401</td>
<td>497</td>
<td>391</td>
<td>354</td>
<td>1,483</td>
<td>1,191</td>
<td>1,030</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Illinois</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>5,777</td>
<td>427</td>
<td>5,469</td>
<td>4,432</td>
<td>4,080</td>
<td>2,415</td>
<td>1,580</td>
<td>1,395</td>
<td>2,713</td>
<td>1,835</td>
<td>486</td>
<td>16,374</td>
<td>8,274</td>
<td>5,961</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Indiana</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>10,500</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>10,164</td>
<td>10,164</td>
<td>10,164</td>
<td>4,862</td>
<td>4,862</td>
<td>4,862</td>
<td>3,474</td>
<td>3,474</td>
<td>3,474</td>
<td>29,000</td>
<td>18,500</td>
<td>18,500</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Iowa</td>
<td>544</td>
<td>3,146</td>
<td>702</td>
<td>1,824</td>
<td>1,662</td>
<td>1,249</td>
<td>3,555</td>
<td>3,239</td>
<td>2,435</td>
<td>3,460</td>
<td>3,152</td>
<td>2,370</td>
<td>12,529</td>
<td>8,755</td>
<td>6,054</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Kansas</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>761</td>
<td>137</td>
<td>1,194</td>
<td>1,194</td>
<td>1,042</td>
<td>773</td>
<td>773</td>
<td>647</td>
<td>573</td>
<td>506</td>
<td>506</td>
<td>3,301</td>
<td>2,610</td>
<td>2,195</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Kentucky</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,179</td>
<td>1,179</td>
<td>5,985</td>
<td>5,985</td>
<td>5,985</td>
<td>1,277</td>
<td>1,277</td>
<td>1,277</td>
<td>1,074</td>
<td>1,074</td>
<td>1,074</td>
<td>9,515</td>
<td>9,515</td>
<td>8,336</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Louisiana</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>3,181</td>
<td>1,590</td>
<td>6,321</td>
<td>6,321</td>
<td>6,321</td>
<td>4,070</td>
<td>4,070</td>
<td>4,070</td>
<td>2,304</td>
<td>2,304</td>
<td>2,304</td>
<td>15,876</td>
<td>14,285</td>
<td>12,695</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Maine</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>205</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>798</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,003</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Maryland</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,402</td>
<td>-<sup>4</sup></td>
<td>2,494</td>
<td>2,494</td>
<td>-<sup>4</sup></td>
<td>1,088</td>
<td>1,088</td>
<td>-<sup>4</sup></td>
<td>769</td>
<td>769</td>
<td>-<sup>4</sup></td>
<td>5,753</td>
<td>4,351</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Massachusetts</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>606</td>
<td>606</td>
<td>1,879</td>
<td>1,643</td>
<td>1,434</td>
<td>885</td>
<td>798</td>
<td>647</td>
<td>718</td>
<td>539</td>
<td>4,600</td>
<td>4,088</td>
<td>3,586</td>
<td>6,681</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Michigan</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>7,800</td>
<td>6,300</td>
<td>13,900</td>
<td>11,100</td>
<td>9,000</td>
<td>8,700</td>
<td>7,000</td>
<td>5,700</td>
<td>13,000</td>
<td>10,400</td>
<td>8,500</td>
<td>43,400</td>
<td>34,800</td>
<td>23,200</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Minnesota</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,124</td>
<td>340</td>
<td>980</td>
<td>856</td>
<td>856</td>
<td>292</td>
<td>256</td>
<td>256</td>
<td>303</td>
<td>265</td>
<td>265</td>
<td>2,699</td>
<td>1,717</td>
<td>1,377</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Mississippi</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>4,750</td>
<td>1,709</td>
<td>3,579</td>
<td>3,579</td>
<td>3,381</td>
<td>4,486</td>
<td>4,486</td>
<td>4,253</td>
<td>2,861</td>
<td>2,861</td>
<td>2,455</td>
<td>15,676</td>
<td>12,635</td>
<td>10,089</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Missouri</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>5,688</td>
<td>999</td>
<td>8,903</td>
<td>7,420</td>
<td>7,123</td>
<td>5,367</td>
<td>4,000</td>
<td>3,916</td>
<td>3,257</td>
<td>2,847</td>
<td>2,792</td>
<td>23,215</td>
<td>15,266</td>
<td>13,831</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Montana</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>460</td>
<td>300</td>
<td>742</td>
<td>712</td>
<td>730</td>
<td>513</td>
<td>503</td>
<td>481</td>
<td>1,020</td>
<td>992</td>
<td>887</td>
<td>2,735</td>
<td>2,507</td>
<td>2,098</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

**Table 1: Homeless Children and Youth By Grade Level - Estimated
Totals, and Numbers Enrolled and Regularly Attending School**

\- Data not provided

^2^ Only 34 school districts responded

^3^ Data extrapolated based on 85.5% of identified homeless children and
youth

^4^ State tracking system does not follow homeless students once
enrolled

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>Not Specified</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Pre-K</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><h6 id="elementary-school-1">Elementary School
</h6></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Junior High School</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>High School</strong></td>
<td colspan="5"><strong>Total (P-12)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h6 id="state">State</h6></td>
<td>estimated</td>
<td>estimated</td>
<td>enrolled</td>
<td colspan="2">estimated</td>
<td>enrolled</td>
<td>attending regularly</td>
<td colspan="2">estimated</td>
<td>enrolled</td>
<td>attending regularly</td>
<td>estimated</td>
<td>enrolled</td>
<td>attending regularly</td>
<td>estimated</td>
<td colspan="2">enrolled</td>
<td colspan="2">attending regularly</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nebraska</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,786</td>
<td>387</td>
<td>2,171</td>
<td colspan="2">1,717</td>
<td>1,535</td>
<td>878</td>
<td colspan="2">708</td>
<td>640</td>
<td>1,602</td>
<td>1,082</td>
<td>960</td>
<td colspan="2">6,437</td>
<td colspan="2">3,894</td>
<td>3,135</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nevada</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>195</td>
<td>181</td>
<td>1,721</td>
<td colspan="2">1,720</td>
<td>1,720</td>
<td>557</td>
<td colspan="2">556</td>
<td>556</td>
<td>268</td>
<td>268</td>
<td>268</td>
<td colspan="2">2,741</td>
<td colspan="2">2,725</td>
<td>2,544</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>New Hampshire</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>210</td>
<td colspan="2">210</td>
<td>-<sup>5</sup></td>
<td>59</td>
<td colspan="2">59</td>
<td>-<sup>5</sup></td>
<td>200</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>-<sup>5</sup></td>
<td colspan="2">473</td>
<td colspan="2">469</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>New Jersey</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,626</td>
<td>201</td>
<td>2,269</td>
<td colspan="2">1,944</td>
<td>1,029</td>
<td>790</td>
<td colspan="2">779</td>
<td>315</td>
<td>676</td>
<td>540</td>
<td>346</td>
<td colspan="2">5,361</td>
<td colspan="2">3,464</td>
<td>1,690</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>New Mexico</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>719</td>
<td>160</td>
<td>2,363</td>
<td colspan="2">2,363</td>
<td>2,363</td>
<td>1,044</td>
<td colspan="2">1,044</td>
<td>1,044</td>
<td>992</td>
<td>992</td>
<td>992</td>
<td colspan="2">5,118</td>
<td colspan="2">4,559</td>
<td>4,399</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>New York</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,522</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>4,523</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,786</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,334</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td colspan="2">9,165</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>North Carolina</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>2,727</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,500</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,060</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,500</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td colspan="2">6,787</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>North Dakota</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>94</td>
<td colspan="2">-<sup>6</sup></td>
<td>-<sup>6</sup></td>
<td>32</td>
<td colspan="2">-<sup>6</sup></td>
<td>-<sup>6</sup></td>
<td>86</td>
<td>-<sup>6</sup></td>
<td>-<sup>6</sup></td>
<td colspan="2">232</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Ohio</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>6,701</td>
<td>609</td>
<td>11,606</td>
<td colspan="2">11,302</td>
<td>8,659</td>
<td>5,705</td>
<td colspan="2">5,367</td>
<td>3,978</td>
<td>5,670</td>
<td>5,109</td>
<td>3,941</td>
<td colspan="2">29,682</td>
<td colspan="2">22,387</td>
<td>16,578</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oklahoma</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>410</td>
<td>275</td>
<td>3,575</td>
<td colspan="2">2,583</td>
<td>1,572</td>
<td>1,655</td>
<td colspan="2">810</td>
<td>805</td>
<td>1,364</td>
<td>793</td>
<td>408</td>
<td colspan="2">7,004</td>
<td colspan="2">4,461</td>
<td>2,785</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oregon</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>15,290</td>
<td>2,293</td>
<td>11,040</td>
<td colspan="2">9,825</td>
<td>9,825</td>
<td>3,860</td>
<td colspan="2">2,972</td>
<td>2,972</td>
<td>2,560</td>
<td>1,689</td>
<td>1,689</td>
<td colspan="2">32,750</td>
<td colspan="2">16,779</td>
<td>14,486</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Pennsylvania</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>7,500</td>
<td>1,575</td>
<td>7,500</td>
<td colspan="2">7,225</td>
<td>7,000</td>
<td>3,200</td>
<td colspan="2">3,000</td>
<td>2,800</td>
<td>2,800</td>
<td>2,500</td>
<td>2,300</td>
<td colspan="2">21,000</td>
<td colspan="2">14,300</td>
<td>12,100</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Puerto Rico</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>1,106</td>
<td colspan="2">40</td>
<td>1,106</td>
<td>327</td>
<td colspan="2">37</td>
<td>327</td>
<td>224</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>224</td>
<td colspan="2">1,718</td>
<td colspan="2">161</td>
<td>1,657</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Rhode Island</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>517</td>
<td>172</td>
<td>472</td>
<td colspan="2">425</td>
<td>381</td>
<td>315</td>
<td colspan="2">148</td>
<td>138</td>
<td>327</td>
<td>187</td>
<td>163</td>
<td colspan="2">1,631</td>
<td colspan="2">932</td>
<td>682</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>South Carolina</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>943</td>
<td>312</td>
<td>3,040</td>
<td colspan="2">2,867</td>
<td>2,828</td>
<td>1,555</td>
<td colspan="2">1,437</td>
<td>1,394</td>
<td>1,046</td>
<td>941</td>
<td>888</td>
<td colspan="2">6,584</td>
<td colspan="2">5,557</td>
<td>5,110</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>South Dakota</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,656</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>2,260</td>
<td colspan="2">2,260</td>
<td>2,011</td>
<td>685</td>
<td colspan="2">685</td>
<td>610</td>
<td>372</td>
<td>372</td>
<td>331</td>
<td colspan="2">4,973</td>
<td colspan="2">3,317</td>
<td>2,952</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Tennessee</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,729</td>
<td>379</td>
<td>2,261</td>
<td colspan="2">2,132</td>
<td>2,132</td>
<td>1,070</td>
<td colspan="2">695</td>
<td>695</td>
<td>558</td>
<td>218</td>
<td>218</td>
<td colspan="2">5,618</td>
<td colspan="2">3,424</td>
<td>3,045</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Texas</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>17,884</td>
<td>4,471</td>
<td>82,035</td>
<td colspan="2">74,980</td>
<td>56,235</td>
<td>33,159</td>
<td colspan="2">30,308</td>
<td>22,731</td>
<td>17,531</td>
<td>16,023</td>
<td>12,017</td>
<td colspan="2">150,609</td>
<td colspan="2">125,782</td>
<td>90,983</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Utah</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>1,431</td>
<td>533</td>
<td>4,226</td>
<td colspan="2">3,991</td>
<td>3,714</td>
<td>1,558</td>
<td colspan="2">1,498</td>
<td>1,354</td>
<td>1,568</td>
<td>1,488</td>
<td>1,307</td>
<td colspan="2">8,783</td>
<td colspan="2">7,510</td>
<td>6,375</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Vermont</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Virginia</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>5,217</td>
<td>1,504</td>
<td>6,930</td>
<td colspan="2">6,526</td>
<td>6,082</td>
<td>2,846</td>
<td colspan="2">2,764</td>
<td>2,482</td>
<td>1,985</td>
<td>1,724</td>
<td>1,386</td>
<td colspan="2">16,978</td>
<td colspan="2">12,518</td>
<td>9,950</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Washington</td>
<td>9,446</td>
<td>6,257</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td colspan="2">15,703</td>
<td colspan="2">-</td>
<td>-</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>West Virginia</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>182</td>
<td>136</td>
<td>1,503</td>
<td colspan="2">1,478</td>
<td>1,014</td>
<td>978</td>
<td colspan="2">939</td>
<td>923</td>
<td>1,512</td>
<td>1,411</td>
<td>1,363</td>
<td colspan="2">4,175</td>
<td colspan="2">3,964</td>
<td>3,300</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Wisconsin</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>5,670</td>
<td>5,464</td>
<td>5,567</td>
<td colspan="2">5,494</td>
<td>5,100</td>
<td>3,672</td>
<td colspan="2">3,656</td>
<td>3,470</td>
<td>1,984</td>
<td>1,964</td>
<td>1,737</td>
<td colspan="2">16,893</td>
<td colspan="2">16,578</td>
<td>10,307</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Wyoming</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>256</td>
<td colspan="2">250</td>
<td>250</td>
<td>121</td>
<td colspan="2">110</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>410</td>
<td>303</td>
<td>303</td>
<td colspan="2">808</td>
<td colspan="2">684</td>
<td>663</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Totals</strong></td>
<td><strong>9,990</strong></td>
<td><strong>257,076</strong></td>
<td><strong>40,265</strong></td>
<td><strong>343,340</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>305,920</strong></td>
<td><strong>271,906</strong></td>
<td><strong>155,964</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>135,785</strong></td>
<td><strong>119,596</strong></td>
<td><strong>163,862</strong></td>
<td><strong>138,794</strong></td>
<td><strong>128,340</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>930,232</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>620,764</strong></td>
<td><strong>519,842</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\- Data not provided

^5^ State tracking system does not follow homeless students once
enrolled

^6^ State survey did not ask how many homeless children were enrolled in
public schools

**TABLE 2: Primary Nighttime Residence of Homeless Children and Youth**

## 

+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| # Stat       | **    | **Doubl | **Un-she | **O    | *     | **To  |
| e {#state-1} | Shelt | ed-up** | ltered** | ther** | *Unkn | tal** |
|              | ers** |         |          |        | own** |       |
|              |       |         |          | **(m   |       |       |
|              |       |         |          | otels, |       |       |
|              |       |         |          | e      |       |       |
|              |       |         |          | tc.)** |       |       |
+==============+=======+=========+==========+========+=======+=======+
| Alabama      | 2984  | 3243    | 105      | \-     | \-    | 6332  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Alaska       | 1057  | 548     | 160      | 723    | 3178  | 5666  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Arizona[^2]  | 1288  | 6225    | 841      | 1408   | 1416  | 1     |
|              |       |         |          |        |       | 1,178 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Arkansas     | 2629  | 1442    | 127      | 190    | 1136  | 5524  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| California   | 6     | 80,058  | 17,640   | 1      | \-    | 28    |
|              | 1,182 |         |          | 30,145 |       | 9,025 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Colorado     | 1773  | 1976    | 436      | 1326   | 893   | 6404  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Connecticut  | 3151  | \-      | \-       | \-     | \-    | 3151  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Delaware     | 1100  | \-      | \-       | \-     | \-    | 1100  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Florida      | \-    | \-      | \-       | \-     | \-    | \-    |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Georgia      | 1     | 3287    | \-       | 1619   | \-    | 1     |
|              | 4,717 |         |          |        |       | 9,623 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Hawaii       | 563   | 80      | 388      | \-     | \-    | 1031  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Idaho        | 218   | 452     | 13       | 45     | 28    | 756   |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Illinois     | 1547  | 14,567  | 260      | \-     | \-    | 1     |
|              |       |         |          |        |       | 6,374 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Indiana      | 1     | 11,200  | 1400     | 840    | 1500  | 2     |
|              | 4,060 |         |          |        |       | 9,000 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Iowa         | 4656  | 3709    | 117      | 303    | 598   | 9383  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Kansas       | 2075  | 1175    | 43       | 61     | 20    | 3374  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Kentucky     | 1294  | 5798    | 702      | 250    | 292   | 8336  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Louisiana    | 1     | 4873    | 565      | \-     | \-    | 1     |
|              | 0,438 |         |          |        |       | 5,876 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Maine        | 4913  | \-      | \-       | \-     | \-    | 4913  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Maryla       | 3618  | 820     | \-       | 1086   | 229   | 5753  |
| Maryland     |       |         |          |        |       |       |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Massa        | \-    | \-      | \-       | \-     | \-    | \-    |
| M            |       |         |          |        |       |       |
| assachusetts |       |         |          |        |       |       |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Michigan     | 2     | 11,376  | 2054     | 3043   | 2528  | 4     |
|              | 8,900 |         |          |        |       | 7,901 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Minnesota    | 2396  | \-      | \-       | \-     | 303   | 2699  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Mis          | \-    | \-      | \-       | \-     | \-    | \-    |
| sissippi[^3] |       |         |          |        |       |       |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Missouri     | 7264  | 6741    | 5094     | 2277   | 207   | 2     |
|              |       |         |          |        |       | 1,583 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Montana      | 1113  | 1127    | 168      | 157    | 170   | 2735  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Nebraska     | 5119  | 786     | 94       | 719    | 445   | 7163  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Nevada       | 192   | 992     | 35       | 485    | \-    | 1704  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| New          | 4     | \-      | \-       | \-     | \-    | 4     |
| H            |       |         |          |        |       |       |
| ampshire[^4] |       |         |          |        |       |       |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| New Jersey   | 6435  | 1064    | 5        | 8940   | 71    | 1     |
|              |       |         |          |        |       | 6,515 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| New Mexico   | 682   | 1264    | \-       | 269    | \-    | 2215  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| New York     | 9165  | \-      | \-       | \-     | \-    | 9165  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| North        | \-    | \-      | \-       | \-     | \-    | \-    |
| Carolina     |       |         |          |        |       |       |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| North Dakota | 93    | 130     | \-       | 8      | 1     | 232   |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Ohio         | 7124  | 17,809  | 2968     | \-     | 1780  | 2     |
|              |       |         |          |        |       | 9,681 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Oklahoma     | 2998  | 3793    | 127      | \-     | \-    | 6918  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Oregon       | 1     | 4390    | 2900     | 12,000 | 920   | 3     |
|              | 2,540 |         |          |        |       | 2,750 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Pennsylvania | 1     | 3000    | 1000     | \-     | \-    | 2     |
|              | 7,000 |         |          |        |       | 1,000 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Puerto Rico  | 649   | 100     | 100      | 858    | 500   | 2207  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Rhode Island | 1286  | 53      | 1        | 1      | 2     | 1343  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| South        | 1731  | 4219    | 33       | 196    | 36    | 6215  |
| Carolina     |       |         |          |        |       |       |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| South Dakota | 2968  | 1245    | 381      | \-     | 379   | 4973  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Tennessee    | 2300  | 2600    | 275      | 443    | \-    | 5618  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Texas        | 2     | 90,728  | \-       | 29,975 | \-    | 15    |
|              | 9,910 |         |          |        |       | 0,613 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Utah         | 1668  | 3845    | 282      | 2402   | 581   | 8778  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Vermont[^5]  | \-    | \-      | \-       | \-     | 276   | 276   |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Virginia     | 1     | 2649    | 174      | 572    | 952   | 1     |
|              | 2,631 |         |          |        |       | 6,978 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Washington   | 1     | \-      | \-       | \-     | \-    | 1     |
|              | 5,703 |         |          |        |       | 5,703 |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| West         | 402   | 2061    | \-       | 355    | 651   | 3469  |
| Virginia     |       |         |          |        |       |       |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Wisconsin    | 2718  | 1220    | 244      | 617    | 55    | 4854  |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| Wyoming      | 150   | 550     | \-       | \-     | 108   | 808   |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+
| **Totals**   | *     | **30    | **       | **201  | **19, | *     |
|              | *306, | 1,195** | 38,732** | ,313** | 255** | *866, |
|              | 404** |         |          |        |       | 899** |
+--------------+-------+---------+----------+--------+-------+-------+

[^1]: In reauthorizing the Act in 1999, Congress recognized the problems
    inherent with these data. States now provide estimates of the
    numbers of homeless children and youth in their States.

[^2]: \- Data not provided.

    ^7^ Only 34 school districts responded

[^3]: ^8^ Data was reported by percentages; shelters-23%;
    doubled-up-75%; unsheltered-2%.

[^4]: ^9^ Data was requested but was not consistently reported by school
    districts.

[^5]: \- Data not provided.