**INTRODUCTION:**

> The idea behind using most janitorial products is to make places
> *clean* -- not caustic, corrosive, contaminated, and costly. Many
> cleaning products on the market contain hazardous chemicals, use
> unnecessary dyes and fragrances, and have cumulative negative effects
> on the environment and its inhabitants. That includes us.
>
> To promote the safety of employees using cleaning products, other
> staff, the public, and the living systems around us, parks such as
> Cape Cod NS, Yellowstone NP, Fort Vancouver NHS, and communities such
> as the City of Santa Monica, have reassessed their cleaning practices
> and products. These projects have not only produced positive effects
> within the parks and the community, but they have also provided great
> examples for other parks, the public, and this guide to follow.
>
> **By taking steps toward more environmentally responsible procurement,
> we can save money, help prevent pollution, and respect the health of
> our cleaning staff.** This guide gives an introduction to the many
> things that can be done by parks and individuals to promote a cleaner,
> healthier environment -- both indoors and outdoors. It is a summary of
> information from reliable sources on green procurement and janitorial
> practices. Such sources include Green Seal, the Janitorial Products
> Pollution Prevention Project (JP4), and DOI/NISH's *Greening the
> Janitorial Business* workshop binder. (For additional references,
> please see the list of sources and links at the end of this
> document.). This Guide is a beginning source of information, one that
> can be built upon with more comprehensive documents, courses, in-depth
> reading, and first-hand experience.
>
> The practices recommended below provide ideas on how to contribute to
> the great strides being made in supporting the National Park Service
> Mission. They are also in keeping with the following federal
> requirements:
>
> [Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines (CPG)]{.underline}
>
> Through Section 6002 of the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act
> (RCRA) and EO 13101, the EPA was required to designate
> recycled-content products and to recommend practices for federal
> agencies to buy these products. The EPA developed the CPG program to
> provide such guidance, and to ensure that federal agencies, by
> purchasing environmentally preferable products, promote markets and
> jobs to produce such products. Procuring agencies are required to
> purchase designated items, and to purchase them with the highest
> recovered material content practicable. Many janitorial supplies are
> designated products, and are required to meet CPG standards.
>
> <http://www.epa.gov/cpg>

# Executive Order 13101 Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisition, 1998

> Federal procurement officers are required to consider environmental
> factors in their purchasing and contracting, with the guidance of the
> EPA's Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP) program.
>
> <http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/epp/docback.htm>
>
> [Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), August 2000]{.underline}
>
> Executive agencies are required by Section 23.703 of the FAR to
> consider environmental factors when purchasing products and services.
> Agencies must:

-   maximize the use of environmentally preferable products and services

-   maximize the use of energy-efficient products

-   eliminate or reduce the generation of hazardous waste

-   promote the use of non-hazardous and recovered materials

-   realize lifecycle cost savings

-   promote cost-effective waste reduction

-   consider the use of biobased products

> <http://www.arnet.gov/far>

**RECOMMENDATIONS:**

-   **Initiate park programs that promote the analysis of current
    products and practices, that include and train the staff using
    cleaning products, and that have full support and input from all
    levels of park personnel.**

-   **To better ensure the success of a switchover, seek out employees
    that are \"natural champions\" at the grass roots level. This will
    reinforce efforts with support from the bottom-up** (Evanoff
    7-9-01)**.**

-   **Obtain concessioner buy-in early in the process, so they can
    parallel implementation procedures with the park** (Evanoff)**.**

-   **Set up a review committee made up of a cross-section of
    disciplines. This group will examine any new or additional products
    after the switchover is complete. They will examine all aspects of
    new products (MSDS, cost, meets all criteria, etc.) before approval
    for park-wide use** (Evanoff)**.**

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-   **Train and educate staff on proper storage, mixing, and use of
    products. Learn efficient cleaning methods and don't assume
    knowledge of how to use new products. Emphasize safety, and that
    mixing products at higher concentrations is not more effective, just
    wasteful and potentially hazardous.**

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-   **Provide mixing stations in several locations to reduce product
    waste and encourage proper dilution.**

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-   **Set strict criteria for product selection (i.e., City of Santa
    Monica and Yellowstone NP).**

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-   **Purchase cleaning products with the following characteristics
    (based on Green Seal standards):**

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-   come in concentrated form

-   biodegradable

-   not in aerosol cans

-   no toxic ingredients (no carcinogens or hazardous wastes)/non-toxic
    to human or aquatic life

-   packaged in recyclable/reusable container (minimal waste)

-   are not petroleum based or petrochemical compounds

-   produce minimal or no irritation to skin, eyes, respiratory system
    (VOC levels less than 10 % by weight when diluted for use)

-   avoid unnecessary dyes and fragrances

-   are not corrosive or highly flammable

-   have a pH level between 2.5 and 12

-   work optimally in room temperature water

-   contain none of the chemicals on the JP4 website or the reference
    list in this guide

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-   **Look for recycled products with the following characteristics:**

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-   do not use de-inking solvents containing chlorine or other chemicals
    listed in the Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know
    Act; do not use (chlorine) bleach (such as for paper and tissue
    products)

-   avoid unnecessary dyes, inks, or fragrances

-   contain highest post-consumer recycled content possible

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-   **Eliminate the use of products containing chemicals hazardous to
    the environment and/or to those using the products. For an
    up-to-date listing and rating of hazardous chemicals, see the
    information provided by the Janitorial Products Pollution Prevention
    Project at**
    <http://www.westp2net.org/janitorial/tools/riskevaluation.htm>**.**

> **Following is a beginning reference list of undesirable or hazardous
> chemicals, or chemicals considered severe pollutants:**

-   Acetone

-   Ammonia

-   Ammonia Hydroxide

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-   Ammonium Hydroxide

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-   Ammonia Salt of Nonylphenoxy Polyethanol

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-   Arsenic

-   2 -- Butoxyethanol

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-   Butyl Cellosolve

-   Cadmium

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-   \*Caustic Soda

-   Chlorine/Chlorine Bleach

-   Chromium

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-   Diethylene Glycol Ether -- environmental

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-   Dimethyl Carbbinol

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-   Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate

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-   Ethanol

-   Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA)

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-   Ethoxylated Alcohols

-   Glycol Ethers

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-   Hydrocarbon Solvent -- environmental

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-   Hydrochloric Acid (Muriatic Acid)

-   Isopropyl Alcohol

-   Lead

-   Mercury

-   Mineral (Seal) Oils (Teratogen)

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-   Naphthalene

-   Nickel

-   Nitrilotriacetic Acid (NTA)

-   Perchloroethylene

-   Phenolic Compounds

-   Phosphates and Derivatives

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-   Phosphoric Acid

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-   Polyethoxy Ethanol

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-   Polyethylene Glycol -- environmental

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-   Polyoxyethylene Monooctylphenyl Ether

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-   Potassium Hydroxide

-   Propane Napntha

-   Selenium

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-   Sodium Dodecybenzene Sulfonate

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-   Sodium Hydroxide\*

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-   Sodium Hypochlorite / Hypochloric Acid

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-   Sodium Phosphate

-   Sodium Sulfate

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-   Sodium Tripolyphosphate

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-   Sodium Xylene Sulfonate

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-   Synthetic Dye

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-   Synthetic Fragrance

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-   Terpene

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-   Tetrachloroethylene

-   1,1,1 Trichloroethane

-   Toluene

-   Xylene

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-   **Learn how to read and use Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and
    know their limitations (they may not contain all ingredient
    information that companies consider proprietary information).**

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-   **Eliminate combined cleaner/disinfectant products, and use
    disinfectants *only when and where necessary*. This includes:**

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-   knowing what organisms the park is really trying to reduce/disinfect
    against

(Disinfectants are formulated to target certain organisms or combination
of organisms. It is important to use the right product for the right
place.)

-   knowing what surfaces do (or do not) need to be disinfected, and how
    often

-   cleaning surfaces thoroughly *before* disinfecting

(Disinfectants can only be effective through contact. A layer of surface
grime is likely to prevent sufficient contact.)

-   using proper disinfectant mixing and cleaning procedures

(This includes leaving disinfectants in place for the correct amount of
time before wiping surfaces clean.)

-   **Ensure proper disposal of hazardous materials and their empty
    containers.**

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-   **Follow and set good examples. Provide public education signs so
    visitors are aware of the important things the National Park Service
    is doing.**

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-   **Monitor how your program is going, address concerns, and make
    adjustments or updates.**

-   

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-   **Where applicable, strive to involve gateway communities, local
    governments, and private businesses in the expansion of your
    efforts. This may be easier than you think** (Evanoff 7-9-01)**.**

-   **Continuously search for ways to improve health, safety,
    effectiveness, and environmental responsibility.**

**LINKS & SOURCES:**

> ASTM, see Standard E---1971---98 "Guide for Stewardship for the
> Cleaning of Commercial and Institutional Buildings"
>
> <http://www.astm.org/>
>
> The City of Santa Monica's Environmental Purchasing, A Case Study
>
> <http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/epp/pdfs/santa.pdf>
>
> EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
>
> <http://www.epa.gov/opptintr>

GSA Advantage

> [http://www.gsaadvantage.gov](http://www.gsaadvantage.gov/)
>
> GSA Environmental
>
> <http://pub.fss.gsa.gov/environ>

Green Seal

> [http://www.greenseal.org](http://www.greenseal.org/)

Janitorial Products Pollution Prevention Project

> <http://www.westp2net.org/Janitorial/jp4.htm>

Barron, Thomas, Carol Berg, and Linda Bookman. "Environmentally
Preferable Janitorial Products, Vendor and Product List." [Janitorial
Products Pollution Prevention Project.]{.underline} Revised 8 November
1999.

Barron, Thomas, Carol Berg, and Linda Bookman. "Safe & Effective
Disinfecting." [Janitorial Products Pollution Prevention
Project.]{.underline} June 1999.
\<http://www.westp2net.org/Janitorial/factsheets/disinfectant.htm\> July
2001.

Evanoff, Jim. "The Clean Environment Co., Inc., Products Used in
Yellowstone Park." FAX to PWR Solid Waste Coordinator. 06 April 1999.

Evanoff, Jim. "Re: DRAFT Green Janitorial Products and Practices."
E-mail to PWR Solid Waste Coordinator. 07 September 2001.

Evanoff, Jim. Information on the Greening of Yellowstone NP project.
E-mail to PWR Solid Waste Coordinator. 06 April 1999.

Evanoff, Jim. S.A.F.E. Consulting information for Yellowstone NP. FAX to
PWR Solid Waste Coordinator. 06 April 1999.

Global Environmental Options. [*Draft* Northeast Parks Procurement
Guide.]{.underline} E-mailed copy to PWR Solid Waste Coordinator. 1999.

Fort Vancouver NHS. Div. of Maintenance. [Fort Vancouver Green Products
Purchase Guide.]{.underline} E-mailed copy to PWR Solid Waste
Coordinator. 1999.

United States. Dept. of the Interior, NISH. [Greening the Janitorial
Business.]{.underline} Workshop reference manual, June 2001, San
Francisco. Washington: GPO, 2001.

\- - -. - - -. [Greening the Janitorial Business, How to Select and Use
Safe Janitorial Chemicals.]{.underline} Workshop binder, June 2001, San
Francisco. Washington: GPO, 2001.

\- - -. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention
and Toxics. EPA742-R-98-001. [The City of Santa Monica's Environmental
Purchasing, A Case Study.]{.underline} Washington: GPO, 1998. 31 pp.
\<http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/epp/pdfs/santa.pdf\> July, 2001.

October, 2001