Table 1. Site characteristics, including mean annual temperature (MAT),
mean annual precipitation (MAP), stand age at end of submitted Rs, stand
history and years of Rs in this analysis. Missing values indicate there
were no data available.

+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| Si | Location   | Elev  | C   | M | M  | St  | Hi       | Rs      |
| te |            | ation | lim | A | AP | and | story^2^ | Su      |
|    |            | (m)   | ate | T |    |     |          | bmitted |
|    |            |       | ^1^ |   | \( | Age |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | ( | mm |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | ^ | \) |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | o |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | ^ |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | C |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | ) |    |     |          |         |
+====+============+=======+=====+===+====+=====+==========+=========+
| *E |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| ve |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| rg |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| re |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| en |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| Ne |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| ed |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| le |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| le |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| af |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| Fo |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| re |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| st |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| (E |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| NF |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| )* |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| B  | 51.31 N    | 16    | TC  | 1 | 7  | 67  | P        | 2001    |
| EP | 4.31 E     |       |     | 0 | 70 |     | /1929^3^ |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| B  | 44.72 N    | 60    | M   | 1 | 9  | 3   |          | 2000-02 |
| IL | .77 E      |       |     | 3 | 16 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | . |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 5 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| B  | 44.72 N    | 60    | M   | 1 | 9  | 25  | P/,      | 2000-02 |
| RY | .77 E      |       |     | 3 | 16 |     | S/1999   |         |
|    |            |       |     | . |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 5 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| C  | 45.1N      | 12    | TO  | 1 | 28 |     |          | 2001-02 |
| HD | 123.9W     | 2-321 |     | 0 | 00 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | . |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 5 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| D  | 35.97 N    | 12    | T   | 1 | 11 | 17  | CC, B,   | 19      |
| UK | 79.1 W     | 0-163 |     | 5 | 47 |     | P/1983   | 98-2001 |
|    |            |       |     | . |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 5 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| H  | 44.25N     | 71    | T   | 8 | 21 |     |          | 2001-02 |
| JA | 122.19W    | 2-846 |     | . | 00 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 3 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| H  | 45.2 N     | 60    | TC  | 5 | 10 | 90  |          | 19      |
| OW | 68.7 W     |       |     | . | 40 |     |          | 97-2001 |
|    |            |       |     | 6 |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 9 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| H  | 44.72 N    | 60    | M   | 1 | 9  |     |          | 2000-02 |
| RM | .77 E      |       |     | 3 | 16 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | . |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 5 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| M  | 44.5W      | 915   | T   | 8 | 5  | 50- |          | 96,9    |
| EO | 121.62 N   | -1141 |     | . | 30 | 250 |          | 7,99-01 |
|    |            |       |     | 5 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| M  | 44.5W      | 1188  | T   | 7 | 4  | 15  | CC       | 19      |
| EY | 121.57N    |       |     | . | 66 |     |          | 99-2001 |
|    |            |       |     | 2 |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 5 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| M  | 44.43N     | 887   | T   | 8 | 5  | 9-  |          | 2001-02 |
| EC | 121.63W    | -1232 |     |   | 50 | 300 |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| N  | 40.0 N     | 3050  | TS  | 4 | 8  | 95  |          | 19      |
| IW | 105.6 W    |       |     |   | 00 |     |          | 99-2001 |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| T  | 50.96 N    | 380   | TC  | 7 | 8  | 113 |          | 2000-02 |
| HA | 13.75 E    |       |     | . | 20 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 6 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| T  | 44.72 N    | 60    | M   | 1 | 9  |     |          | 2000-02 |
| ML | .77 E      |       |     | 3 | 16 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | . |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 5 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| V  | 50.3 N 6.0 | 450   | TO  | 7 | 10 | 75  | P/1935   | 1997-98 |
| LD | E          |       |     |   | 00 |     | -1960^3^ |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| W  | 50.09 N    | 76    | TO  | 6 | 10 | 112 | P        | 1999    |
| DN | 11.52 E    | 5-780 |     | . | 19 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 0 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| *M |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| ix |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| ed |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| D  |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| ec |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| id |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| uo |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| us |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| /E |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| ve |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| rg |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| re |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| en |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| Fo |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| re |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| st |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| (M |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| XD |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| )* |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| U  | 45.56 N    | 234   | TN  | 6 | 7  | 90  |          | 1998-00 |
| MB | 84.71 W    |       |     | . | 50 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 2 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| H  | 42.54 N    | 18    | T   | 7 | 10 | 60  | S        | 19      |
| AR | 72.17 W    | 0-490 |     | . | 66 | -90 |          | 95-2001 |
|    |            |       |     | 8 |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 5 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| W  | 45.8 N     | 520   | CC  | 4 | 8  | 66  | CC       | 1998-99 |
| CR | 90.12 W    |       |     | . | 18 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 8 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| *D |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| ec |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| id |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| uo |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| us |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| B  |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| ro |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| ad |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| le |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| af |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| Fo |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| re |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| st |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| (D |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| BF |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| )* |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| B  | 51.31 N    | 16    | TC  | 1 | 11 | 67  | P        | 2001    |
| EQ | 4.52 E     |       |     | 0 | 68 |     | /1936^3^ |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| H  | 48.67 N    | 300   | M   | 9 | 9  | 31  | CC,      | 19      |
| ES | 7.08 E     |       |     | . | 50 | -36 | S/1999   | 96-2000 |
|    |            |       |     | 7 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| V  | 50.3 N 6.0 | 450   | TO  | 7 | 10 | 75  | P/       | 1997-98 |
| LB | E          |       |     |   | 00 |     | 1908^3^  |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| *  |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| Wo |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| od |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| la |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| nd |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| /S |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| av |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| an |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| na |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| (W |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| SV |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| )* |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| G  | 40.3 N     | 1650  | TC  | 8 | 2  |     |          | 2001-02 |
| BS | 112.47 W   |       |     | . | 99 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 8 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| G  | 40.28 N    | 1650  | TC  | 8 | 2  |     |          | 2001-02 |
| BJ | 112.47 W   |       |     | . | 99 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 8 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| J  | 44.27N     | 945   | T   |   |    |     |          | 19      |
| UN | 121.38 W   |       |     |   |    |     |          | 97,2002 |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| S  | 33.38 N    | 1385  | M   | 1 |    | 78  |          | 2001    |
| KO | 116.62 W   |       |     | 2 |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | . |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 2 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| S  | 33.38 N    | 1421  | M   | 1 |    | 4   | B        | 19      |
| KY | 116.62 W   |       |     | 2 |    |     |          | 99-2001 |
|    |            |       |     | . |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 2 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| T  | 38.43 N    | 177   | M   | 1 | 5  |     | G        | 2001-02 |
| NZ | 120.97 W   |       |     | 6 | 58 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | . | .7 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 3 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| *G |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| ra |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| ss |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| la |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| nd |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| (G |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| RS |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
| )* |            |       |     |   |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| G  | 40.28 N    | 1650  | TC  | 8 | 2  |     |          | 2001-02 |
| BC | 112.47 W   |       |     | . | 99 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 8 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| G  | 40.28 N    | 1650  | TC  | 8 | 2  |     |          | 2001-02 |
| BR | 112.47 W   |       |     | . | 99 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 8 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| I  | 38.4 N     | 129   | M   | 2 | 6  |     | G        | 2001    |
| ON | 120.95 W   |       |     | 1 | 11 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | . |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 4 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+
| I  | 38.4 N     | 129   | M   | 2 | 6  |     | G        | 2000-01 |
| OM | 120.95 W   |       |     | 1 | 11 |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | . |    |     |          |         |
|    |            |       |     | 4 |    |     |          |         |
+----+------------+-------+-----+---+----+-----+----------+---------+

^1^ Climate: M -- Mediterranean; T -- Temperate; TC -- Temperate,
continental; TS -- Temperate, subalpine; TO -- Temperate, oceanic; TN --
Temperate, northern; CC -- Cool, continental

^2^ CC = clearcut, B = burned, P = planted , S = storm, hurricanes G =
Grazing

BEP = Belgium de Inslag Pine, BIL = Bilos, BRY = Bray, CHD = Cascade
Head, DUK = Duke, HJA = HJ Andrews, HOW = Howland, HRM = Herm, MEO =
Metolius Old, MEY = Metolius Young, MEC = Metolius, NIW = Niwot, THA =
Tharandt, TML = Temple, VLD = Vielsalm Douglas Fir, WDN = Weidenbrunnen,
UMB = University Michigan Biological Station, BEQ=Belgium de Inslag Oak,
HAR = Harvard, HES = Hesse, VLB = Vielsalm Beech, WCR = Willow Creek,
GBS = Great Basin Sage, GBJ = Great Basin Juniper, JUN = Juniper
(Oregon), SKO = Sky Oaks Old, SKY = Sky Oaks Young, TNZ = Tonzi, GBC =
Great Basin Cheatgrass, GBR = Great Basin Crested Wheatgrass, ION = Ione
Measured, IOM = Ione Modeled

^3^ <http://carbodat.ei.jrc.it/data_arch_f.html>

Table 2. Site characteristics, including gross primary production (GPP),
leaf area index LAI), net primary production (NPP), ecosystem
respiration (Re), fine root carbon, litterfall, soil carbon, depth of
soil carbon data, maximum soil respiration (Max Rs) and the range of
published annual soil respiration. Site labels defined in Table 1.

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 13%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Site</strong></td>
<td><strong>GPP<sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><strong>LAI<sup>2</sup></strong></td>
<td><strong>NPP<sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><strong>R<sub>e</sub><sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><strong>Fine Roots<sup>3</sup></strong></td>
<td><strong>Annual Litterfall<sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><strong>Soil C<sup>3</sup></strong></td>
<td><p><strong>Soil C Depth</strong></p>
<p><strong>(cm)</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>Max Rs<sup>4</sup></strong></p>
<p><strong>(this study)</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>Range of Published Annual Rs<sup>1</sup></strong></td>
<td><strong>Reported Year(s) of Annual Rs</strong></td>
<td><strong>Data Citations</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="13"><em><strong>Evergreen Needleleaf Forests
(ENF)</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>BEP</strong></td>
<td>992</td>
<td>2.1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1033-1218</td>
<td>165</td>
<td>125</td>
<td>460</td>
<td>0-2</td>
<td>2.22</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>BIL</strong></td>
<td>727</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td></td>
<td>996</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5085</td>
<td>0-20</td>
<td>4.34</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>BRY</strong></td>
<td>2140</td>
<td>4.9</td>
<td></td>
<td>1527-1680</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5.01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>CHD</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>9.6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>595</td>
<td>198</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5.82</td>
<td>1805</td>
<td>2001</td>
<td>Campbell and Law (this issue)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>DUK</strong></td>
<td>1487</td>
<td>5.2</td>
<td></td>
<td>1200</td>
<td></td>
<td>206-251</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>10.79</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>HJA</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>7.4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>936</td>
<td>130</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>12.46</td>
<td>1232</td>
<td>2001</td>
<td>Campbell and Law (this issue)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>HOW</strong></td>
<td>909</td>
<td>5.3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>132-183</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>7.04</td>
<td>670-800</td>
<td>1996-1999</td>
<td>Davidson et al. 1998; Savage and Davidson 2001</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>HRM</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>6.87</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>MEO</strong></td>
<td>1270</td>
<td>2.1</td>
<td>400-443</td>
<td>885</td>
<td>423,197</td>
<td>49-216</td>
<td>5556</td>
<td>0-100</td>
<td>5.42</td>
<td>427-780</td>
<td>1996;1999-2001</td>
<td>Law et al. 2001,2003</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>MEY</strong></td>
<td>809</td>
<td>1.0,1.5</td>
<td>308-317</td>
<td>835</td>
<td>317-500</td>
<td>44-88</td>
<td>6918</td>
<td>0-100</td>
<td>4.28</td>
<td>427-654</td>
<td>1999;1999-2001</td>
<td>Law et al. 2001,2003</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>MEC</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>2.0</td>
<td>162-659</td>
<td></td>
<td>175</td>
<td>75</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4.07</td>
<td>666</td>
<td>2001</td>
<td>Campbell and Law (this issue)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>NIW</strong></td>
<td>831</td>
<td>4.2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>469</td>
<td></td>
<td>16229; 3065</td>
<td>0-8</td>
<td>8.19</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>THA</strong></td>
<td>1680-1890</td>
<td>7.0-7.6</td>
<td></td>
<td>1071-1213</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>13003</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>7.80</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Wang et al. 2003</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>TML</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>11.48</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>VLD</strong></td>
<td>1328</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td></td>
<td>848-920</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1.74</td>
<td>438</td>
<td>1997</td>
<td>Longdoz et al. 2000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>WDN</strong></td>
<td>1319</td>
<td>7.4</td>
<td></td>
<td>1300</td>
<td>142</td>
<td></td>
<td>12875</td>
<td>0-20</td>
<td>3.58</td>
<td>500-590</td>
<td>1999</td>
<td>Subke et al. 2003</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="13"><em><strong>Mixed Evergreen/Deciduous Forests
(MXD)</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>HAR</strong></td>
<td>1122</td>
<td>4.0-5.5</td>
<td>565</td>
<td>950-1220</td>
<td></td>
<td>185-218</td>
<td>8800; 6700; 2000</td>
<td>0-60</td>
<td>9.56</td>
<td>640-860</td>
<td>1995;1995-1999</td>
<td>Curtis et al.2002</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>UMB</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>540-632</td>
<td></td>
<td>470</td>
<td>118-135</td>
<td>1385</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>9.31</td>
<td>1132</td>
<td>1999</td>
<td>Curtis et al.2002</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>WCR</strong></td>
<td>902</td>
<td>5.4</td>
<td>264</td>
<td>769</td>
<td>245</td>
<td>135-147</td>
<td>10700</td>
<td>0-30</td>
<td>7.62</td>
<td>810</td>
<td>1999</td>
<td>Martin and Bolstad (this issue)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="13"><em><strong>Deciduous Broadleaf Forests
(DBF)</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>BEQ</strong></td>
<td>992</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td></td>
<td>1033-1218</td>
<td>133</td>
<td>198</td>
<td>1525</td>
<td></td>
<td>5.59</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>HES</strong></td>
<td>1226</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td></td>
<td>793-1036</td>
<td>155</td>
<td>120-176</td>
<td>7400</td>
<td></td>
<td>4.11</td>
<td>509-713</td>
<td>1996-1998</td>
<td>Longdoz et al. 2000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>VLB</strong></td>
<td>1328</td>
<td>5.2</td>
<td></td>
<td>848-920</td>
<td></td>
<td>158</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4.63</td>
<td>867</td>
<td>1997</td>
<td>Longdoz et al. 2000</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="13"><em><strong>Woodland/Savannas (WSV)</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>GBS</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2.96</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>GBJ</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4.66</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>JUN</strong></td>
<td>734<sup>5</sup></td>
<td>0.77/1.26</td>
<td></td>
<td>240</td>
<td>98</td>
<td>13-26</td>
<td>1344</td>
<td>0-10</td>
<td>1.51</td>
<td>181</td>
<td></td>
<td>Law (unpublished)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>SKO</strong></td>
<td>387</td>
<td>3.0</td>
<td></td>
<td>735-758</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.79</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>SKY</strong></td>
<td>798</td>
<td>1.1</td>
<td>798</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.92</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>TNZ</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.6</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>58</td>
<td>4847</td>
<td>0-30</td>
<td>10.25</td>
<td>488</td>
<td>2002</td>
<td>Tang et al., (this issue); Z. Kayler pers comm..</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="13"><em><strong>Grasslands (GRS)</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>GBC</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.9</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5.72</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>GBR</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>3.29</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>ION</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>8.16</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>IOM</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>2.0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>7.00</td>
<td></td>
<td>2001-2002</td>
<td>Xu and Baldocchi 2004</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

**^1^ Units gC m^-2^ y^-1^**

**^2^ Units m^2^ m^-2^**

**^3^ Units gC m^-2^**

**^4^ Units μmol m^-2^ s^-1^**

**^5^ Model-derived estimate (Law, unpublished)**

Table 3. Site-specific and ecophysiological parameters used in Biome-BGC
that varied between sites

  ------------- ------------ ---------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ----------------------------
  **Parameter   **Units**    **MEO/MEY^1^**   **THA**   **HAR**   **HES**   **JUN**   **Description**
  no.**                                                                               

  1             gN           0.08             3.2       1.4       1.0       0.08      Current N-deposition
                m^-2^y^-1^                                                            

  2             yr^-1^       0.25             0.20      1.00      1.00      0.50      Annual turnover proportion
                                                                                      for leaves and roots

  3             dim          2.50             1.40      1.00      1.20      1.40      New fine root C allocation:
                                                                                      new leaf C allocation

  4             dim          1                2.2       2.2       1         2.2       New stem C allocation: new
                                                                                      leaf C allocation

  5             dim          0.14             0.29      0.23      0.22      0.1       New coarse root C
                                                                                      allocation: new stem C
                                                                                      allocation

  6             kgC kgN^-1^  50               42        25        20.7      27        C:N of current year\'s
                                                                                      foliage at maturity

  7             kgC kgN^-1^  92               93        55        55        32        C:N of fresh leaf litter,
                                                                                      after translocation

  8             kgC kgN^-1^  79               58        48        48        58        C:N of fine roots

  9             kgC kgN^-1^  300              730       550       550       730       C:N of dead wood

  10            prop         0.41             0.24      0.17      0.18      0.25      Leaf litter lignin
                                                                                      proportion

  11            prop         0.42             0.22      0.25      0.22      0.42      Fine root lignin proportion

  12            m^2^ kgC^-1^ 7.7              8.2       32        39.5      12        Canopy average SLA -
                                                                                      projected leaf area basis

  13            m s^-1^      0.002            0.006     0.003     0.005     0.006     Maximum stomatal
                                                                                      conductance - projected leaf
                                                                                      area basis
  ------------- ------------ ---------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ----------------------------

^1^Ecophysiological characteristics were the same for both MEY and MEO;
simulations differed in disturbance histories since time of European
settlement

Table 4. Summary statistics of soil respiration (μmol m^-2^ s^-1^), soil
temperature (^o^C) and soil moisture (m^3^m^-3^) across biomes.

  ----------- -------- ----------------- ----------- --------------- -------------- ----------- ------------ --------------- -----------
  **Biome**   **Rs**                                 **Soil                                     **Soil                       
                                                     Temperature**                              Moisture**                   

              **N**    **Mean(SD)^2^**   **Range**   **N**           **Mean(SD)**   **Range**   **N**        **Mean(SD)**    **Range**

  **DBF**     97       2.4(1.3)*a*       0.4-5.6     97              11(5)*a*       2-20        97           0.18(0.55)*a*   0.10-0.30

  **ENF**     1381     2.4(1.7)*a*       0.1-11.5    1358            12(6)*a*       -3-29       1046         0.16(0.10)*b*   0.03-0.60

  **GRS**     56       2.1(2.3)*b*       0.1-8.2     56              21(10)*b*      -2-44       44           0.23(0.13)*c*   0.09-0.67

  **MXD**     293      3.5(2.2)*c*       0.1-9.9     278             13(5)*a*       0-22        266          .25(.11)*a*     0.05-0.47

  **WSV**     327      0.8(0.7)*d*       0.2-4.7     196             22(8)*b*       6-44        186          0.15(0.11)*d*   0.05-0.50
  ----------- -------- ----------------- ----------- --------------- -------------- ----------- ------------ --------------- -----------

^1^DBF = Deciduous Broadleaf Forest; ENF = Evergreen Needleleaf Forest;
GRS = Grassland;

MXD = Mixed Deciduous/Evergreen Forest; WSV = Woodland/Savanna.

^2^Means (SD) within a column followed by different letters were
significantly different (P\<0.05)

Table 5. Overall contributions of soil temperature and soil moisture to
linear relationship of average daily flux (μmol m^-2^ s^-1^) and root
mean square error (RMSE) by biome. All relationships were significant (P
\<0.001) unless otherwise noted. In a stepwise linear regression, soil
moisture did not explain any additional variability

  -------------------- --------------- ------------- ------------ -------------
  **Biome**            **Soil                        **Soil       
                       Temperature**                 Moisture**   

                       **r^2^**        **RMSE**      **r^2^**     **RMSE**

  **DBF**              0.65            10.4          0.09^1^      3.80

  **ENF**              0.18            26.17         0.00         3.30

  **GRS**              0.27            8.61          0.00         0.15

  **WSV**              0.01^1^         1.08          0.07         2.73

  **GRS&WSV**          0.06            5.11          0.04^1^      4.45

  **MXD**              0.69            30.50         0.06         9.69

  **All Data**         0.05            18.44         0.01         6.47
  -------------------- --------------- ------------- ------------ -------------

^1^ Not Significant (P \>0.1)

Table 6. Interannual summary statistics by biome of growing season
maximum and average soil respiration rates (μmol m^-2^ s^-1^). See
methods for growing season criteria. There were not enough data for
interannual analyses in GRS and WSV biomes, therefore data were pooled
across sites to estimate growing season soil respiration rates. Biome
labels as described in Table 4.

  -------------- ------- ----------------- ------------ --------------- -----------
  **Biome^1^**   **N     **Maximum Rs**                 **Growing       
                 (Y)**                                  Season Rs**     

                         **Mean(SD)^1^**   **Range**    **Mean(SD)**    **Range**

  **DBF**        5       3.8(1.4)*a*       2.1-5.6      3.2(0.1)*a*     1.8-3.7

  **ENF**        6       6.0(2.2)*b*       2.2-10.8     3.6(1.8)*a,b*   1.6-8.6

  **GRS**        1       N/A               N/A          1.7(1.1)*c*     0.9-2.9

  **MXD**        7       7.5(1.6)*b*       5.2-9.6      4.9(1.1)*b*     2.2-6.0

  **WSV**        1       N/A               N/A          1.2(0.4)*c*     0.7-1.5
  -------------- ------- ----------------- ------------ --------------- -----------

^1^Means (SD) within a column followed by different letters were
significantly different (P\<0.05)

^2^ N/A = Not Available

Table 7. Overall contribution of leaf area index (m^-2^m^-2^), fine
roots (gC m^-2^) and multiple regression of both variables to maximum
and standardized soil fluxes (μmol m^-2^s^-1^). Final row indicates
model equation of stepwise regression. There were not enough data to do
meaningful biome analysis, therefore all data were pooled.

  --------------- ------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
  **Variable**    **Maximum                     **Mean          
                  Rs**                          Rref^1^**       

                  **r^2^**      **P**           **r^2^**        **P**

  **LAI**         0.16          \<0.001         0.27            \<0.001

  **Fine Roots**  0.38          0.05            0.40            0.004

  **Multiple**    0.56          0.02            0.68            \<0.001

  **Stepwise      Max Rs \~                     Mean Rref \~    
  Equation**      0.70 +                        0.24 +          
                  .08FrootC +                   0.007FrootC +   
                  0.48LAI ;                     0.38LAI; r^2^ = 
                  r^2^ = 0.56                                   
  --------------- ------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------

^1^ R~ref~ (µmol m^-2^ s^-1^) is the expected respiration at the
reference temperature (T~ref~ = 15°C)

Table 8. Mean (SD) for R~n15~, R~ref~ and Ea for forests and pooled
grassland/shrublands. See text for description of standardized
variables. Data are μmol m^-2^s^-1^). Biome labels as described in Table
4.

  --------------- ------------- ---------- --------------- -------- --------------
  **Biome**       **Rref^1^**              **R~n15~^2^**            **Ea^3^**

                  Mean (SD)     Mean (SD)  Max             Max      Mean (SD)

  **DBF**         2.8(1.4)      3.3(1.1)   6.2             4.6      160(163)

  **ENF**         3.6(2.1)      3.7(1.9)   9.4             9.0      240(428)

  **MXD**         4.3(2.0)      3.8(1.4)   6.2             9.5      171(470)

  **GRS&WSV**     1.8(2.7)      1.3(1.8)   9.1             11.1     104(470)

  **All Biomes**  3.4(2.3)      3.1(2.1)   11.1            12.6     197(433)
  --------------- ------------- ---------- --------------- -------- --------------

^1^ R~ref~ (µmol m^-2^ s^-1^) is the expected respiration at the
reference temperature (T~ref~ = 15°C)

^2^ Standardized Rs based on a single T~ref~

^3^ E~a~ (°C^-1^) is a parameter that determines the temperature
sensitivity of soil respiration, analogous to the activitation energy
from Lloyd and Taylor (1994) Arrenhius equations.

Table 9. Linear contribution of GPP, litterfall, fine roots and their
relevant combined effects on simulated soil respiration (gC m^-2^m^-1^).
Biome labels as described in Table 4.

  --------- ------------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------------
            **GPP**       **Litterfall**   **Fine Roots** **Multiple
                                                          Contributions**

  **HAR**   0.84          0.05             0.41           0.94; GPP,Fine Roots

  **HES**   0.78          0.07             0.45           0.83; GPP, Litterfall

  **JUN**   0.94          0.07             0.04           N/A

  **MEO**   0.96          0.02             0.08           N/A

  **MEY**   0.95          0.07             0.11           N/A

  **THA**   0.78          0.08             0.24           N/A
  --------- ------------- ---------------- -------------- ---------------------

Table 10. Average annual, amplitude and period of maximum ratio of
modeled root respiration:soil respiration (Rroot:Rs). Seasonal amplitude
is the maximum

Rroot:Rs minus minimum Rroot:Rs. Biome labels as described in Table 4.

  ------------- -------------- --------------- --------------- ------------
                Annual         Seasonal        Period of       Period of
                Proportion (%) Amplitude (gC   maximum Ra:Rs   maximum Rs
                               m^-2^m^-1^)                     

  **HAR**       20             114             aug/sept        jun/jul

  **HES**       25             45              jul/aug         may/jun

  **JUN**       33             11              jun/jul         jul/aug

  **MEO**       29             39              sept/oct        jul/aug

  **MEY**       41             51              sept/oct        jul/aug

  **THA**       25             39              jun/jul         jul/aug
  ------------- -------------- --------------- --------------- ------------