**APPENDIX C**

**HOW WE CAN GROW SMARTER**

**LAND COVER CHANGE PROBLEM:**

## **DATA COLLECTION**

Intermediate-Advanced Level

## Purpose

To request and collect the data necessary to complete the land cover
change protocol.

## Overview

Using the know sources for aerial photography and topographic maps,
students will locate the area to be studied (the entire 512 x 512 pixel
landsat TM image), research all the various sources to find out the
coverage and times, and finally order the proper material that are
necessary to complete the project. Some images require much more work to
obtain, specifically the older aerial photographs from around 1958 and
earlier. To order these photographs much more lead time is required,
however, they are very useful to observe the large time scale changes
that have occurred. Landsat satellite coverage only extends as far back
as 1972. The oldest aerial photographs for most areas nationally date
back to the 1930's.

## Time

1-2 class periods to gather the data.

Time out of class can be used for the data analysis.

Additional time will be necessary for the advanced level search and
ordering of aerial photographs.

## Level

Intermediate and Advanced

## Key Concepts

> Research
>
> Communication
>
> Time Management
>
> Budget Management

## Skills 

*Identifying* local data resources

*Managing* both time and money

*Collecting* data

*Integrating* information

*Analyzing* data

*Interpreting* data to make a decision

*Drawing* conclusions

*Reading* and map interpretation

*Using* computers and the internet/world wide web

## Materials and Tools

Internet Access

Paper

Telephone

Worksheet

## Preparation

Determine the amount of the budget for this project.

Copy the ***Collection** **Information Worksheet *** (**link**).

Make sure Internet connection is working and the bookmarks are created.

## Prerequisites

If your school is not currently a GLOBE school, meaning that your school
has a teacher that has been GLOBE trained and received their Landsat TM
image file and picture in the mail, then follow the link to a GLOBE page
on how to join GLOBE **http://www.globe.gov/** or to GLOBE teacher
training
**http://www.globe.gov/fsl/workshop/registration.pl?lang=en&nav=1)**.
Complete measurements for at least one GLOBE Natural Cover Quantitative
or Qualitative Land Cover Sample Site. The Land Cover Mapping and
Accuracy Assessment Process should also be completed prior to the
beginning of the Land Cover Change Detection protocol.

## What to do and How to Do It 

This part of the project is quite simple and the web forms should make
the data request for information and collection process fairly easy and
hassle-free. Most of the sources used during this project are national
in scope and all schools should have significant coverage. However,
there are some inconsistencies that do exist, so each site will have to
do some customizing with regard to their own data collection.

Additionally, there are numerous sources for other non-national/local
coverage, which are excellent. These sources offer much more specific
information and scale of images or maps which can be very helpful. Also,
the people who work in these offices can in themselves be quite
informative and are potential guest speakers when the classes get to the
"Why the land cover has changed?". Some of the types of local resources
are:

Zoning boards or planning commissions

Historical Societies

State Departments of Natural Resources and Parks

Assorted *environmental organization?*

## Data Collection

-   **LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER (TM) IMAGES**

    **The primary reason the Land Cover Change Detection protocol asks
    that you join the GLOBE program is that the task of acquiring the
    512 X 512 pixel Landsat TM images of your school and surrounding
    area is expensive. All you the teacher or school have to provide is
    the absolute location of your school.** Globe will provide an image
    free of charge when you join GLOBE. Not to mention, GLOBE will also
    help you acquire the older Landsat TM image with a few conditions.

    When your school joins the GLOBE program and have a teacher trained,
    Globe will send a floppy disk with copy of a current ( as close as
    possible to the present date) Landsat TM image. This image will
    cover a 15 km X 15 km area and most likely your school will be
    centered in the image.

    In order to complete the Land Cover Change Detection protocol you
    will need another georeferenced Landsat TM image (an image that has
    the same latitude and longitude coordinates as another image
    **(insert diagram**), in this case it will be georeferenced to the
    first GLOBE Landsat TM image.) The GLOBE program has agreed to
    provide schools with an older, around 1982, Landsat TM image
    georeferenced to the one they have already provided. All that they
    ask is that Land cover protocols be completed and the data entered
    on to the data entry web page. Once they see that you have completed
    these tasks, they are more than willing to go above and beyond for
    your school.

-   **OLD AERIAL PHOTOGRAHS**

    **Write a request using the web ordering form/template to the
    National Archives (NARA) at College Park, Cartographic Branch for
    the oldest aerial photographs for your entire Landsat image.** In
    addition to the text request for the oldest image, the NARA requires
    a detailed map of the Landsat image area. The detailed map should
    have a square drawn on the map to show the request area. The map
    needs to be sent to the NARA at College Park along with a copy of
    the request. The address is:

National Archives at College Park, Cartographic Branch

8601 Adelphi Road

College Park, MD 20740-6001

A photo copied county map zoomed in to the study area is one way to
create the Landsat image area map.

Another way to generate the map is through the MapsOnUs **(link
http://www6.MapsOnUs.com/)** web site. Once at the home page select the
the maps link. Then enter the schools address and draw the map. The map
will be displayed in too much detail, so select the zoom out feature and
set the scale to 2.0 MI ???, then redraw the map.
![](media/image1.emf)This map should have the entire area of the landsat
image within it. Once the map is properly centered and to the proper
scale if you select the image (pc- right click the mouse on the image
and select "save this image as\...". mac- click and hold the mouse on
the image and select "save this image as\...".) Next thing to do is
locate the four corners of the Landsat coverage perimeter on the MapOnUs
map. This will be covered in the GLOBE Landsat image coverage area
perimeter Learning activity. Once the four corners of the square are
located, draw the perimeter with a software program: Word or any simple
drawing program can create the Landsat image coverage perimeter. The
larger the line thickness is the easier the NARA technician will be able
to read the map and using the "draw a rectangle" function in the draw
program will make a cleaner perimeter.

![](media/image2.png){width="5.997222222222222in"
height="4.913888888888889in"}

Now you can attach the map to the email request that will be generated.

An interesting Learning Activity is how to create the GLOBE Landsat
image coverage area perimeter

Chances are that one or two photographs will not completely cover your
Landsat image area. If the number of images and there individual costs
are to great, then using your Landsat image try and find a few areas
where significant change may have occurred. Trying to predict where
change may have occurred can be an interesting subject to explore with
the students.

They will send you a response of what photographs they have available.
Once you have this form you can order the photographs you selected and
choose the size of the image (the larger the size the greater the cost.)
A 10X10 aerial photograph costs approximately \$13.50 *without* sales
tax, postage and handling, and the NARA handling fee. A 30X30 aerial
photograph costs approximately \$39.00

-   **AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS**

> **Obtain the USGS quadrangle names that completely cover the Landsat
> image area from the web site
> [PHOTOFINDER](http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/Webglis/glisbin/finder_main.pl?dataset_name=NAPP).**
> The easiest way to use the "Click on a Map" feature to locate your
> coverage area. Follow the very easy to use maps until you get to the
> Image Map that has the following header, "**Each one of the black dots
> shown in the map below represents a NAPP photo. Click on a dot to see
> the coverage area of the photo and a list of the photographs available
> for that area**." When you find your schools coverage area on the map,
> click on the appropriate dot. The two below figures show the final
> aerial photograph coverage map and the table of available photographs.
>
> ![](media/image3.png){width="6.0in" height="4.0in"}

  ------------------------------------------ ------------ --------- ------- ------- ----------------------- ------------------------------------------------------
  Date                                       Film         Project   Roll    Frame   Flight Line - Station   
                                                                                    Number                  

  ![](media/image4.pct){width="0.28125in"    1992/03/29   B&W       NAPPW   5511    26                      0752W-512![](media/image5.pct){width="1.0in"
  height="0.25in"}                                                                                          height="0.25in"}![](media/image6.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image7.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image8.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image9.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image10.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}

  ![](media/image11.pct){width="0.28125in"   1999/04/24   B&W       NAPPW   11383   149                     0752W-512![](media/image12.pct){width="1.0in"
  height="0.25in"}                                                                                          height="0.25in"}![](media/image13.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image7.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image14.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image15.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image10.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}

  ![](media/image16.pct){width="0.28125in"   1988/05/27   CIR       NAPP    102     35                      0752W-512![](media/image17.pct){width="1.0in"
  height="0.25in"}                                                                                          height="0.25in"}![](media/image18.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image19.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image20.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image21.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image22.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}

  ![](media/image4.pct){width="0.28125in"    1991/03/10   CIR       NAPP    2999    163                     0752W-512![](media/image23.pct){width="1.0in"
  height="0.25in"}                                                                                          height="0.25in"}![](media/image24.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image19.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image25.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image26.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}![](media/image22.pct){width="1.0in"
                                                                                                            height="0.25in"}

  ![](media/image16.pct){width="0.28125in"   1997/04/08   CIR       NAPP    8654    80                      0752W-512
  height="0.25in"}                                                                                          
  ------------------------------------------ ------------ --------- ------- ------- ----------------------- ------------------------------------------------------

"The rectangle shows the area that is covered by the photograph. The
items listed below show the photographs for this area that were taken at
different times or with a different film type. To place an order, click
on the button next to one of the items listed below, then click on Add
to Shopping Basket. If there is only one item listed, you must still
click on the order button before clicking on Add to Shopping Basket. To
view the shopping basket, to finalize your order, or to change something
in the shopping basket, click on View Shopping Basket."

Once the appropriate image is selected, (remember that the 9-INCH BLACK
ANDS WHITE PRINTS are recommended) you can customize your selection with
the product and media type (size of the image ranging from 9-INCH BLACK
ANDS WHITE PRINT \$10.00 EACH to 36-BLACK AND WHITE PRINT \$33.00 EACH.)
When everything is selected properly you can complete the order form and
schedule the easiest form of payment within the given time frame. Below
are the final instructions to help plan the payment and budget
considerations in your planning.

"INSTRUCTIONS:

To complete your order and submit it for processing, fill out the
address information (you must include your name, address, daytime phone
number, and email address) and click on the \"Submit Order\" button. To
expedite your order, please contact Customer Services at 1-800-252-GLIS
(8am-4pm CST) to verify your order and arrange payment. If we do not
hear from you within three working days, a Customer Services
representative will contact you by email or phone to arrange payment.
You can also place orders by contacting a Customer Services
representative directly by calling 1-800-252-GLIS or by sending email to
custserv@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov ."

-   **Topographic Maps**

**Obtain the USGS quadrangle names that completely cover the Landsat
image area from the web site
[MAPFINDER](http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/Webglis/glisbin/finder_main.pl?dataset_name=MAPS_LARGE).**
Follow the same steps as PHOTOFINDER to order the topographic maps.

-   **Farm Service Agency- Aerial Photographs**

The Farm Service Agency (FSA) flies their own aerial photograph program
over rural areas. To locate the local office of the FSA they have an
excellent web site that will give the closest branch information.

[Office locator](http://www.fsa.usda.gov/edso/)

[Aerial photographs](http://www.apfo.usda.gov/)

When you go into the local office the aerial photographs are color
slides. You can select a series of slides of your site from various
years dating back to 1980. The easiest and best way to copy the color
slides is to have them copied on to a Kodak Digital Science ^tm^ Photo
CD master disc. This will allow you to manipulate the zoom, contrast,
color and detail similar to a TM image. A high quality desk jet printer
will print these images with enough detail for easy use.