**ISO14624-3**

**Proposed Revision A**

**Space systems --- Safety and**

**compatibility of materials ---**

Part 3:

**Determination of offgassed products**

**from materials and assembled articles**

*Systèmes spatiaux --- Sécurité et compatibilité des matériaux ---*

*Partie 3: Détermination des produits issus du dégazage sous*

*atmosphère des matériaux et des articles assemblés*

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**Contents (Not Updated Yet)** Page

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**Introduction
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**1
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**2 Conformance
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**3 Terms and
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**4 Principle
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**5 Health and safety of test
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**6 Test
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**7 Apparatus and materials
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**8 Test samples
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**9 Pretest procedure
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**10
Procedure\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...
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**11 Precision
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**12 Test
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**13 Good laboratory practices (GLP)
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**Annex A** (informative) **Competency and accreditation of test
facilities \...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... 8**

**Annex B** (informative) **Target compound
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**Annex C** (informative) **Guidelines for evaluation
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**Bibliography\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.....
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**Foreword**

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International
Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical
committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication
as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the
member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this
document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 14624-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, *Aircraft and
space vehicles*, Subcommittee

SC 14, *Space systems and operations*.

ISO 14624 consists of the following parts, under the general title
*Space systems --- Safety and compatibility of materials*:

 *Part 1: Determination of upward flammability of materials*

 *Part 2: Determination of flammability of electrical-wire insulation
and accessory materials*

 *Part 3: Determination of offgassed products from materials and
assembled articles*

 *Part 4: Determination of upward flammability of materials in
pressurized gaseous oxygen or*

*oxygenenriched environments*

 *Part 5: Determination of reactivity of system/component materials
with aerospace propellants*

 *Part 6: Determination of reactivity of processing materials with
aerospace fluids*

 *Part 7: Determination of permeability rate and penetration resistance
of materials to aerospace fluids*

**Introduction**

Throughout this part of ISO 14624, the minimum essential criteria are
identified by the use of the imperative or the key word "shall".
Recommended criteria are identified by the use of the key word "should"
and, while not mandatory, are considered to be of primary importance in
providing serviceable, economical and practical designs. Deviations from
the recommended criteria may be made only after careful consideration,
extensive testing and thorough service evaluation have shown an
alternative method to be satisfactory.

The data obtained from this test are used for a toxicological assessment
of the risks to personnel. Additional information can be gathered
utilizing this test method, for example, taking samples at equal
intervals can provide information on offgassing rates.

**Space systems --- Safety and compatibility of materials ---**

Part 3:

**Determination of offgassed products from materials and**

**assembled articles**

**1 Scope**

This part of ISO 14624 specifies a method for determining the identity
and quantity of volatile offgassed products from materials and assembled
articles utilized in manned, pressurized spacecraft. This test method is
not intended to model or simulate spacecraft atmospheres.

**2 Conformance**

The test shall be performed in an accredited test facility (see Annex A
for guidelines).

The authority having jurisdiction, or test requester, shall provide
properly identified material(s) for testing. Alternatively, accredited
test facilities may be authorized by the test requester to procure the
appropriate material(s). Materials also shall be accompanied by the
appropriate vendor-supplied Material Safety Data Sheets to comply with
materials-handling requirements defined by the appropriate country\'s
Occupational Safety and/or Health Administration. Materials and
configured system characteristics can be significantly compromised by
sources of contamination, such as exposure to solvents, cleaning agents,
abnormal temperatures, variations in humidity, environmental pollutants,
particulate, and handling. It is important that exposure of the material
to these and other contamination sources be sufficiently controlled to
minimize variation in test results.

As a minimum, all fluids used for testing shall meet or exceed user
specifications.

**3 Terms and definitions**

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions
apply.

**3.1**

**assembled article**

any component or assembly of components that is not a single material

**3.2**

**offgassed product**

organic or inorganic compound evolved as a gas from a material or
assembled article

**3.3**

**offgassing**

evolution of gaseous products from a liquid or solid material into an
atmosphere

**3.4**

**primary gas standard**

gas mixtures that have gravimetric or analytical traceability and to
which all meansurements are ultimately compared

**3.5**

**spacecraft maximum allowable concentration**

**SMAC**

maximum concentration of an offgassed product that is allowed in the
habitable area of the spacecraft for a specified flight duration

NOTE SMAC values for manned spacecraft are determined by the cognizant
procuring authority/user toxicologist. A current listing of SMAC values
is maintained on the Internet at
[http://maptis.nasa.gov](http://maptis.nasa.gov/).
~~http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/toxicology/Guidelines.~~

**3.6**

**toxic hazard index**

*T*

dimensionless ratio of the projected concentration of each offgassed
product to its SMAC value and summing the ratios for all offgassed
products without separation into toxicological categories, and the
calculation of the *T* value is as follows:

*[Summary of Toxic Hazard Index Calculation --]{.underline}*

*T*total = *C*1/*I*SMAC1 + *C*2/*I*SMAC2 + ... + *Cn*/*I*SMAC*n* (1)

where

*C*1, *C*2, ..., *Cn* are the concentrations of contaminants 1, 2 and
*n*, respectively;

*I*SMAC1, *I*SMAC2, ..., *I*SMAC*n* are the SMAC values for contaminants
1, 2 and *n*, respectively

NOTE For assembled articles, concentration is calculated by dividing the
total quantity of each contaminant

offgassed during a test by the habitable volume of the spacecraft. For
materials, the concentration is calculated by multiplying the total
quantity of each contaminant offgassed per gram of material by the total
mass of the material to be used in the spacecraft.

EXAMPLE Evaluating the maximum limit mass for a standard shuttle test,
the total mass of material to be used is assumed to be 45 kg and the
habitable volume of the spacecraft is 65 m3.

*[Detailed Explanation of Toxic Hazard Index Calculation
--]{.underline}*

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**3.7**

**good laboratory practice**

**GLP**

practice that involves the testing of standard materials to verify data
accuracy and repeatability

**3.8**

**round robin testing**

testing of identical materials at different test facilities for the
comparison of results

**3.9**

**average percent relative standard deviation**

quotient of the standard deviations for each offgassed constituent of
*y* replicate samples of a standard material and the total number of
offgassed constituents

NOTE For actual samples, the expected test results and average relative
standard deviations for the quantities of offgassed products are near 50
%. The calculations for standard deviation and average percent relative
standard deviation are as follows:

The standard deviation, *s*, is given by:

*s* = SQRT \[ ∑ (x~i~-x)^2^/(n-1) \] (Formatting Problem -- No Change In
Formula)

where *x* is the mean for an individual offgassed constituent.

Therefore, the calculation for the average percent relative standard
deviation *A*s, is given by:

*A*s = 1/*y* ∑ *s* × 100 %

where

∑ *s* is the summation of the standard deviations for each offgassed
constituent;

*y* is the total number of offgassed constituents, for a standard
material.

**3.10**

**test chamber**

apparatus into which the sample container is placed during thermal
conditioning, such as an autoclave or oven

**3.11**

**sample container**

vessel which contains the test sample, typically a sealed metal box

**3.12**

**room temperature**

room temperature is equal to (23 ± ~~[3]{.underline}~~ 5) °C

**3.13**

**trace**

the result reported when the identified offgassed compound is present in
less than reportable quantities

**3.14**

**reportable quantities**

the amount determined by each analytical laboratory using appropriate
scientific processes and techniques and be based on analyzed
concentrations of a specific compound.

NOTE Compounds that have been identified, but for which the specific
compound is unavailable as a standard, may have reportable quantities
based on analyzed concentrations of a representative compound.

**4 Principle**

When this method is utilized for a toxicological assessment for a
component or a material, the total toxic hazard index (*T*) values for
all volatile offgassed products shall be less than 0,5.

**5 Health and safety of test operators**

Testing outlined in this part of ISO 14624 may generate toxic substances
in either the gas or condensed phase. Care shall be taken to protect
test operators from such substances.

**6 Test conditions**

**6.1** The test atmosphere should be at least a volume fraction of
(20,9 ± 2) % for oxygen with the balance nitrogen or argon, and the test
pressure should be ~~\<~~ ± 15 kPa of the ambient pressure of the test
facility. The maximum volume fraction limits \[expressed as a volume
fraction in µl/l1)\] for impurities in the compressed gases are:

 carbon monoxide 1;

 carbon dioxide 3,0;

 total hydrocarbons, as methane 0,1;

 halogenated compounds 0,5;

 water 7,0.

NOTE Batteries or assembled articles containing batteries should be
tested in an inert atmosphere to reduce the risk of generating an
explosive gas mixture. The batteries or assembled articles containing
batteries tested in an inert atmosphere do not need to be tested again
in an oxygen atmosphere for toxic Offgassing.

**6.2** The sample shall be subject to a thermal exposure for (72 ± 1) h
at (50 ± 3) °C. Samples tested at one oxygen concentration do not have
to be retested at a different oxygen concentration.

**7 Apparatus and materials**

The test system shall comprise the following major components: sample
container, test chamber with controlled temperature, and analytical
instrumentation.

**7.1 Sample container**, being easy to clean and constructed so that
gas samples can be collected easily. The sample container, including any
soft goods, shall not significantly affect the concentration of products
offgassed from the samples.

**7.2 Test chamber**, having the capability to maintain the test
temperature to within ± 3 °C for the duration of the test.

The test chamber instrumentation shall have the capability to
continuously record the temperature.

**7.3 Analytical instrumentation,** ~~not specified; however, capable of
the separation, identification, and quantification of all offgassed
products indicated in Annex B at, or below, their SMAC concentrations
when tested at a sample-mass-to-container-volume ratio of (5,0 ± 0,25)
g/l.~~

1\) 1 µl/l = 1 ppm. The use of "ppm" is deprecated.

~~If the instrumentation cannot achieve this sensitivity, the reportable
quantity minimum reportable concentration for those offgassed products
shall be reported. The recommended analytical instruments include a gas
chromatograph using primarily a flame ionization detector, gas
chromatograph/mass spectrometer, and infrared spectrophotometer. Some
analytical compounds may be more difficult to determine, therefore,
special methods may be required to identify and quantify these
compounds. For example, the determination of formaldehyde may be
performed using the proposed method of trapping on
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges for derivation and
subsequent analysis by HPLC.~~

Analytical instrumentation, not specified; however, capable of the
identification and quantification of all offgassed products at, or
below, their SMAC concentrations when tested at a
test-material-mass-to-specimen-container-volume ratio of 5.0 (±0.25)
g/l.

\(1\) If the instrumentation cannot achieve this sensitivity, the
minimum reportable concentration (reporting limit) for those offgassed
products (except for formaldehyde) shall be reported.

\(2\) For formaldehyde, the analytical technique shall be capable of
detecting a concentration of 0.1 ppm or current SMAC.

The recommended analytical instruments include a gas chromatograph,
primarily using a flame ionization detector, a gas chromatograph/mass
spectrometer, and an infrared spectrophotometer. Some analytical
compounds may be more difficult to determine; therefore, special methods
may be required to identify and quantify these compounds. For example,
the determination of formaldehyde may be performed using the proposed
method of trapping on 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridges for
derivation and subsequent analysis by High Performance Liquid
Chromatography.

In some cases, the reporting limit for a compound is greater than the
SMAC for that compound, but the ability to meet the SMAC requirement is
known to be crucial. To determine if the compound offgasses at the SMAC,
it is necessary to test more than the standard
test-material-mass-to-specimencontainer-volume ratio of 5.0 (±0.25) g/l.
The quantity of test material should

be increased proportionally from the
test-material-mass-to-specimen-container-volume ratio of 5.0 (±0.25) g/l
to a quantity that will allow the analysis to meet the SMAC requirement.

Example:

Benzene SMAC = 100 ppb

Reporting limit = 500 ppb

Standard material weight per chamber volume = 5 g/l

[5 g/l]{.underline} = [X g/l]{.underline}

100 ppb 500 ppb

X = Necessary material weight per chamber volume = 25 g/l

**8 Test samples**

**8.1 Handling/receipt**

Handling of test articles shall be in a manner that preserves the
integrity of the sample surface without adding contaminants. Test
samples shall be prepared from either materials or assembled articles.
Preparation of samples for testing involves the following tasks:

 receiving and inspecting the material;

 preparing samples to the proper dimensions, if required;

 cleaning the samples, if specified by the requester;

 inspecting the samples.

**8.2 Preparation**

**8.2.1** When received, the test material shall be accompanied by
proper identification, including appropriate Material Safety Data
Sheets. Note flaws and any residual contamination. All materials
~~shall~~ should meet the requirement of
test-sample-mass-to-sample-container-volume ratio of (5,0 ± 0,25) g/l,
and record the approximate total sample surface area. Sample preparation
for test materials based on mass shall be as specified in 8.2.2 to
8.2.4.

Materials should meet a test-sample-mass-to-sample-container-volume
ratio of 5.0 ±0.25 g/l. If the specimen weight cannot be met, the
maximum practical quantity of specimen, at least 750 (±50) cm2/l of test
chamber volume is tested, with the actual specimen weight and surface
area reported.

**8.2.2** Materials that are essentially two-dimensional and require
application to a substrate (e.g. coatings, primers, inks, paints,
adhesives, tapes, thin film lubricants) shall be applied at their
thickness of use to clean aluminium substrates. Samples may be applied
to both sides of the substrate. Prepare a sufficient number of
substrates with applied sample material so as to provide a net
~~sample-mass-to-test-chamber-volume ratio~~
test-sample-mass-to-sample-container-volume ratio of (5,0 ± 0,25) g/l.
Report the approximate total sample surface area.

**8.2.3** Materials that are essentially two-dimensional and are not
applied to a substrate (e.g. fabrics, photographic film plastic, plastic
film, elastometrics, non-adhesive tape) shall be cut to convenient test
dimensions. Shrink heat-shrinkable tubing so as to simulate actual use
configuration. Prepare a sufficient quantity of samples so as to provide
a ~~sample-mass-to-test-chamber-volume ratio~~
test-sample-mass-to-sample-container-volume ratio of (5,0 ± 0,25) g/l.
Place liquids in petri dishes of (5,1 ± 0,5) cm diameter.

NOTE Liquids and semi-solids shall be placed in suitable non-reactive
vessels.

NOTE The approximate total specimen surface area shall be reported.

**8.2.4** It shall be recognized that some specialized items and
materials may not meet the above

requirements and shall require special handling, most often with
non-homogeneous materials. Test these materials in the manner designated
by the responsible procuring activity/user materials engineer. Report
the manner of testing and sample preparation. The desired
~~test-material-to-chamber-volume ratio~~
test-sample-mass-to-sample-container-volume ratio is (5,0 ± 0,25) g/l.

**8.2.5** Unless the requester specifies a post-cure duration apart from
the manufacturer's

cure, the material shall be artificially aged by performing a post-cure
(in addition

to the manufacturer's cure) under open-air, ambient conditions for a
minimum of

14 days. The duration of the post-cure shall be reported.

**8.3 Flight articles**

If a sample is an assembled article, inspect it for parts that are not
designated for flight, such as dust covers, tape, or test leads. Remove
these items before testing. Record the absence of such items as
batteries or photographic film included during flight but not included
with the sample. The ratio of sample volume to sample container volume
should be approximately 1:3.

NOTE Pre-test and post-test photographs may be taken when needed or
requested by the test requester or test lead.

**8.4 Cleaning**

Samples should be cleaned and dried to the end-use specifications by the
requester prior to receipt at the test facility. The cleaning of
assembled articles shall be the responsibility of the requester. If a
sample received by the test facility is visibly contaminated, clear
instructions shall be received from the requester as to proper
procedures for continuing testing. For samples prepared by the test
facility, all preparation and cleaning shall be in accordance with
user/requester specifications. All cleaning procedures shall be first
approved by the requester, and verified to have no influence on
analytical results. As a minimum, particulate on sample surfaces should
be removed with filtered, gaseous nitrogen.

**8.5 Inspection**

Inspect the sample and note any flaws. (If the flaws result from sample
preparation at the test facility, new samples should be prepared.) Weigh
the samples and individually identify them.

**9 Pretest procedure**

**9.1** The pretest procedure includes cleaning of sample containers,
certification of container cleanliness, and calibration of the
quantitative analytical instruments.

**9.2** Clean the sample containers by heating to drive off residual
container contamination then purge them with clean air or nitrogen
before each use. Solvent cleaning should be avoided.

**9.3** Before loading the sample into the container, fill the container
with the test atmosphere or nitrogen then condition it for at least (72
± 1) h at (50 ± 3) °C. Alternatively, the sample container can be
conditioned for at least 24 h at (70 ± 3) °C. Analyse the sample
container atmosphere for residual contamination. Certify the sample
container as clean for use if the concentrations of residual gases are
sufficiently low that they will not interfere with interpretation of
results of the offgas analysis.

**9.4** The methods of quantitative analysis shall be traceable to
primary gas standards. ~~Any standards used to quantify specific
compounds shall be traceable to the national or international authority
having jurisdiction~~. When available, standards used to quantify
specific compounds shall be traceable to a national, an international or
an intrinsic standard.

**10 Procedure**

**10.1** Weigh the sample and place it in the sample container. Replace
the room atmosphere in the sample container with the test atmosphere,
either by purging or by evacuation. The requesting organization shall
indicate if the sample can or cannot withstand a vacuum and exposure of
any sample to vacuum shall be less than 3 min. The sample container,
with the test atmosphere, shall be at the requested test pressure when
the test temperature is achieved.

**10.2** Place the sample container in the test chamber and heated to
the test temperature of (50 ± 3) °C, unless otherwise specified and
maintain this temperature for (72 ± 1) h. Then cool the sample container
to (23 ± ~~3~~ 5) °C, record the pressure, and sample and analyse the
offgassed products. Perform the sampling and analysis of offgassed
products as soon as ambient (room) temperature is achieved and no later
than 24 h subsequent to reaching ambient (room) temperature. In cases
where ambient (room) temperature is not within the specified range,
perform the sampling and analysis within 24 h of the test facility's
laboratory reaching its

own ambient (room) temperature. Determine and record the identity and
quantity of each analyzable offgassed product ~~with emphasis given to
those items shown in Annex B~~.

**10.3** A screening test for total organics may be used to determine if
a full analysis is to be performed. However, it is necessary to evaluate
all organics quantitated but not identified using a worst case scenario
of SMAC value equal to 0,1. The screening test procedure may include
specific methods to detect critical components of the target list, i.e.
formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and ammonia.

**11 Precision**

Measurements shall be made to the following precision:

 absolute pressure ± 1 % of reading;

 temperature ± 3 °C;

 oxygen concentration ± 0,5 % of reading;

 mass ± 0,01 g.

**12 Test report**

The test report shall include the following:

a\) reference to this part of ISO 14624 (ISO 14624-3:2004);

b\) sample identification, test chamber free volume (l), sample mass (g)
and/or apparent surface area (cm2), test conditions and observations
from the test;

c\) for each offgassed product, the quantity as µg/g of material of
material or µg/assembled article;

d\) trace constituents \[although not used in the calculation of the
toxic hazard index (*T*)\];

e\) toxic hazard index (*T*).

The test report shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction
and/or test requester. See Annex C for rating system.

When there is a deviation from standard test parameters, such as
non-standard sample preparation or test conditions, the test shall be
identified as non-standard.

**13 Good laboratory practices (GLP)**

**13.1** Calibrate the quantitative analytical instrumentation before
use. Analyse replicate samples periodically to insure the quality of
test results. Determine precision using average percent relative
standard deviation.

Analyse the standard gas mixtures given in Table 1 at least every three
months, and measure the

concentrations to within 25 % of the specified concentrations.

NOTE Ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, tetrachloroethylene,
tetrachloromethane, and acrylonitrile shall be measured to within 30 %
of the specified concentrations.

**13.2** In addition, the test facility shall successfully demonstrate
the ability to obtain repeatable data when testing a selected material.
The authority having jurisdiction shall choose appropriate GLP materials
and shall determine the frequency of testing these materials for its
test facilities. These materials shall include toxic materials as well
as materials of low toxicity. Handle GLP materials in a manner that
preserves the integrity of the sample surface without adding
contaminants. Inspect all GLP materials prior to preparation. Prepare
all GLP material to the proper dimensions and mass as determined by the
authority having jurisdiction. Inspect all GLP material prior to loading
into the sample container. Sample, store and transport all GLP materials
in a manner that preserves the integrity of the material.

**TABLE 1 -- NO CHANGES (FORMATTING ISSUE)**

**Table 1 --- Standard gas mixtures and recommended concentrations (as
gravimetric standards)**

NOTE The analysis of furfural in Mix B is not required; however, this
compound is useful as a diagnostic tool because it presents a meaningful
challenge to the analytical system.

**Annex A**

(informative)

**Competency and accreditation of test facilities**

**A.1 Competency**

Laboratories should be accredited to perform the flammability and/or
combustion test methods contained within this part of ISO 14624.
Accreditation is necessary because data from this testing is to be
presented for aerospace flight materials selection approval.
Accreditation should be based on ISO/IEC 17025 and the specific
requirements described in this part of ISO 14624.

The accreditation program should include proficiency testing. Such a
program should be consistent with ISO/IEC Guide 43-1.

**A.2 Accreditation**

Accreditation is the responsibility of the accreditation body recognized
within its jurisdiction to administer laboratory accreditation. An
acceptable laboratory accreditation body would be a signatory to the
multi-lateral mutual recognition arrangement (MRA) of the International
Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC)2) or signatory to an ILAC
equivalent regional/national MRA that requires accreditation bodies to
conform to ISO/IEC 17011.

**A.3 Guidelines**

An accredited laboratory should meet the following guidelines.

a\) For required tests, the test facility should have performed the test
method at least once during the last eighteen months and participated in
comparison of results with other accredited test facilities
(interlaboratory testing).

b\) All instrumentation used in the test should be in proper calibration
and bear the appropriate documentation to validate traceability to
appropriate national or international measurement standards.

c\) The test facility should ensure that all testing is accomplished in
accordance with approved test plans and procedures, and that the data
records and test results be complete and accurate.

d\) Complete test records should be prepared by the test facility for
each material tested. The test facility should maintain a permanent
record of test data for a minimum of fifteen years for historical
purposes.

2\) Full information is available at the web site http://www.ilac.org of
ILAC or through the ILAC Secretariat, c/o NATA,

7 Leeds Street, Rhodes NSW 2138, Australia, tel. +61 2 9736 8374, fax
+61 9736 8373, e-mail: <ilac@nata.asn.au>.

**~~Annex B~~**

~~(informative)~~

**~~Target compound list~~**

**TABLE 2 -- ELIMIATE ANNEX B AS NOT TO MISS IMPORTANT TOXIC COMPOUNDS**

**~~Compound CAS No. Formula Molecular~~**

**~~mass~~**

**~~7-d SMAC~~**

~~µl/l a~~

~~Formaldehyde 50-00-0 CH2O 30,03 0,04~~

~~Methanol 67-56-1 CH4O 32,04 7~~

~~Benzene 71-43-2 C6H6 78,11 0,5~~

~~Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 C2H3Cl 62,50 1,0~~

~~Acetonitrile 75-05-8 C2H3N 41,05 4,0~~

~~Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 C2H4O 44,05 2,0~~

~~Dichloromethane 75-09-2 CH2Cl2 84,93 15~~

~~Ethylene oxide 75-21-8 C2H4O 44,05 10~~

~~3-Buten-2-one 78-94-4 C4H6O 70,09 2,0~~

~~2-Methyl-2-propenal 78-85-3 C4H6O 70,09 0,6~~

~~Trichloroethene 79-01-6 C2HCl3 131,39 9~~

~~1,3-Butadiene 106-99-0 C4H6 54,09 0,3~~

~~Propenal 107-02-8 C3H4O 56,06 0,015~~

~~Chloropropene (as 3-Chloropropene) 107-05-1 C3H5Cl 76,53 0,2~~

~~1,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2 C2H4Cl2 98,96 0,5~~

~~Acrylonitrile 107-13-1 C3H3N 53,06 1,3~~

~~Furan 110-00-9 C4H4O 68,08 0,04~~

~~Heptanal 111-71-7 C7H14O 114,19 6,0~~

~~2-Butenal 123-73-9 C4H6O 70,09 0,6~~

~~Methylfuran (as 2-Methylfuran) 534-22-5 C5H6O 82,10 0,04~~

~~2,5-Dimethylfuran 625-86-5 C6H8O 96,13 0,04~~

~~Carbon monoxide 630-08-0 CO 28,01 10~~

~~Ammonia 7664-41-7 NH3 17,03 10,0~~

~~a 1 µl/l = 1 ppm. The use of "ppm" is deprecated.~~

**Annex C**

(informative)

**Guidelines for evaluation**

**C.1 General**

The total or summation toxic hazard index (*T*) is determined by using
the free volume of the spacecraft and the quantities of all volatile
offgassed products that result from the (72 ± 1) h test and is
calculated according to Equation (1) (see 3.5).

*T*total = *C*1/*I*SMAC1 + *C*2/*I*SMAC2 + ... + *Cn*/*I*SMAC*n*

**C.2 Maximum limit mass (MLM) concept or maximum number of assemblies**

The maximum limit mass for materials, as well as, the maximum number of
units for assembled articles can be determined and is indicative of the
quantity of material or the number of assembled articles that can be
safely utilized inside the spacecraft without exceeding a total *T* of
0,5.

**C.3 Suggested ratings**

Ratings may be assigned to materials based on the maximum limit mass as
follows:

a\) K 45,36 kg ≤ MLM;

b\) H 22,68 kg ≤ MLM ≤ 45,359 kg;

c\) A 4,536 kg ≤ MLM ≤ 22,679 kg;

d\) V 2,268 kg ≤ MLM ≤ 4,5359 kg;

e\) X MLM \< 2,268 kg

Ratings may be assigned to assemble articles based on the total *T*
value as follows:

 A assembled articles with a *T* value ≤ 0,5;

 X assembled articles with a *T* value \> 0,5.

The maximum limit mass can be determined by calculating the total *T*
value.

**Bibliography**

\[1\] ISO/IEC 17025, *General requirements for the competence of testing
and calibration laboratories*

\[2\] ISO/IEC Guide 43-1, *Proficiency testing by interlaboratory
comparisons --- Part 1: Development and operation of proficiency testing
schemes*

\[3\] ISO/IEC 17011, *Conformity assessment --- General requirements for
accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessment bodies*