-------------- --------------------------------------------------------
                 

                 **Unit 7: The Full-Scale Exercise**
  -------------- --------------------------------------------------------

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Introduction                                            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | > This unit focuses on the full-scale exercise. We will   |
|          | > look closely at the characteristics of the full-scale   |
|          | > exercisehow it differs from the other types of         |
|          | > exercises, who participates, the role of the EOC, and   |
|          | > key design considerations. At the end of the unit, you  |
|          | > will develop an action plan for later use in designing  |
|          | > a full-scale exercise for your organization.            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Unit 7 Objectives                                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | After completing this unit, you should be able to:        |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Describe the purpose and characteristics of a         |
|          |     full-scale exercise.                                  |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Explain how designing a full-scale exercise differs   |
|          |     from designing a functional exercise.                 |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Identify planning considerations for site selection   |
|          |     and scene management for a full-scale exercise.       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---+
|          | # What Is a Full-Scale Exercise?                          |   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---+
|          | A full-scale exercise is as close to the real thing as    |   |
|          | possible. It is a lengthy exercise which takes place on   |   |
|          | location, usingas far as possiblethe equipment and      |   |
|          | personnel that would be called upon in a real event.      |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | In a sense, a full-scale exercise combines the            |   |
|          | interactivity of the functional exercise with a field     |   |
|          | element. It differs from a drill in that a drill focuses  |   |
|          | on a single operation and exercises only one              |   |
|          | organization.                                             |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | Eventually, every emergency response organization must    |   |
|          | hold a full-scale exercise because it is necessary at     |   |
|          | some point to test capabilities in an environment as near |   |
|          | to the real one as possible.                              |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | However, there is more to a full-scale exercise than just |   |
|          | practice in the field. As we discussed in Unit 1, various |   |
|          | regulatory agencies have requirements for full-scale      |   |
|          | exercises which must be satisfied. In order to receive    |   |
|          | FEMA credit, for example, a full-scale exercise must      |   |
|          | fulfill three requirements:                               |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   It must exercise most functions.                      |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   It must coordinate the efforts of several agencies.   |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   In order to achieve full coordination, the EOC must   |   |
|          |     be activated.                                         |   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---+
|          | ![](media/image1.wmf){width="4.320833333333334in"         |   |
|          | height="3.765277777777778in"}                             |   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---+

+----------+---+------------------------------------------------------+
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|          | * |                                                      |
+----------+---+------------------------------------------------------+
|          |   | 1.  What agencies or groups impose exercise          |
|          |   |     requirements or guidelines on your organization? |
+----------+---+------------------------------------------------------+
|          |   | 2.  What do they require concerning full-scale       |
|          |   |     exercises? (Consider scope, frequency, numbers   |
|          |   |     of organizations involved, coordination,         |
|          |   |     communication, documentation, evaluation, or     |
|          |   |     other issues.)                                   |
+----------+---+------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+---+
|          | #  |                                                     |   |
|          | Wh |                                                     |   |
|          | at |                                                     |   |
|          |  I |                                                     |   |
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|          | d) |                                                     |   |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+---+
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|          | 2. |                                                     |   |
|          | B  |                                                     |   |
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|          | is |                                                     |   |
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|          | s  |                                                     |   |
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|          | ma |                                                     |   |
|          | ry |                                                     |   |
|          | of |                                                     |   |
|          | t  |                                                     |   |
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|          | in |                                                     |   |
|          | p  |                                                     |   |
|          | oi |                                                     |   |
|          | nt |                                                     |   |
|          | s. |                                                     |   |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+---+
|          |    | **Key Characteristics**                             |   |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+---+
|          |    | -   Interactive exercise, designed to challenge the |   |
|          |    |     entire emergency management system in a highly  |   |
|          |    |     realistic and stressful environment.            |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | -   Tests and evaluates most functions of the       |   |
|          |    |     emergency management plan or operational plan.  |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | -   Takes place in an EOC or other operating center |   |
|          |    |     and at field sites.                             |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | -   Achieves realism through:                       |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | ```{=html}                                          |   |
|          |    | <!-- -->                                            |   |
|          |    | ```                                                 |   |
|          |    | -   On-scene actions and decisions.                 |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | -   Simulated "victims."                            |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | -   Search and rescue requirements.                 |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | -   Communication devices.                          |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | -   Equipment deployment.                           |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | -   Actual resource and personnel allocation.       |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | ```{=html}                                          |   |
|          |    | <!-- -->                                            |   |
|          |    | ```                                                 |   |
|          |    | -   Involves controller(s), players, simulators     |   |
|          |    |     (different from simulators in a functional      |   |
|          |    |     exercise), and evaluators.                      |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | -   Players represent all levels of personnel,      |   |
|          |    |     including response personnel.                   |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | -   Messages may be visual (e.g., staged scenes,    |   |
|          |    |     made-up victims, props) and scripted.           |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | -   All decisions and actions by players occur in   |   |
|          |    |     real time and generate real responses and       |   |
|          |    |     consequences from other players.                |   |
|          |    |                                                     |   |
|          |    | -   Requires significant investment of time,        |   |
|          |    |     effort, and resources (1 to 1½ years to develop |   |
|          |    |     a complete exercise package). Attention to      |   |
|          |    |     detail is crucial.                              |   |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+---+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---+
|          | # What Is a Full-Scale Exercise? (Continued)              |   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---+
|          | ### The Purpose of Full-Scale Exercises                   |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | There are numerous reasons for conducting a full-scale    |   |
|          | exercise. A full-scale exercise:                          |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   Greatly expands the scope and visibility of the       |   |
|          |     exercise program.                                     |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   If well-planned, can attract public attention and     |   |
|          |     raise credibility. (However, to be successful, it     |   |
|          |     must be the culmination of a comprehensive and        |   |
|          |     progressive exercise program that has been developed  |   |
|          |     as the organizational capacity has grown.)            |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   Is useful to test total coordination, not only among  |   |
|          |     policy and coordination officials, but among field    |   |
|          |     forces. At the same time, it can test                 |   |
|          |     interorganizational coordination.                     |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   Enables a jurisdiction or emergency management system |   |
|          |     to evaluate its ability to perform many functions at  |   |
|          |     once.                                                 |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   Can pinpoint resource and personnel capabilities and  |   |
|          |     reveal shortfalls.                                    |   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---+
|          | ### What Does It Take to Run a Full-Scale Exercise?       |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | Some people wrongly believe that, once started, a         |   |
|          | full-scale exercise can run on its own steam. In fact, a  |   |
|          | full-scale exercise requires a substantial commitment of  |   |
|          | time, money, personnel, and expertise and should not be   |   |
|          | undertaken without the necessary preparation. These are   |   |
|          | the most important requirements:                          |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   Substantial experience with preparatory exercises of  |   |
|          |     various kindsdrills, tabletops, and functional       |   |
|          |     exercises.                                            |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   Total commitment of all emergency service             |   |
|          |     organizations.                                        |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   Support from the chief elected and/or appointed       |   |
|          |     officials.                                            |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   Adequate physical facilities, including space for the |   |
|          |     EOC and field command posts.                          |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   Adequate communication facilities (e.g., radios and   |   |
|          |     telephones).                                          |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   Plans in place to handle costs (both evident and      |   |
|          |     hidden), labor, time commitment, etc.                 |   |
|          |                                                           |   |
|          | -   Carefully thought out and planned site and logistics. |   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+---+

+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| ![       | #         |                       |                      |
| ](media/ |  Activity |                       |                      |
| image2.w | : Compare |                       |                      |
| mf){widt |  Function |                       |                      |
| h="0.759 | al and Fu |                       |                      |
| 02777777 | ll-Scale  |                       |                      |
| 77777in" | Exercises |                       |                      |
| height   |           |                       |                      |
| ="0.5715 |           |                       |                      |
| 27777777 |           |                       |                      |
| 7777in"} |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
|          | *In the   |                       |                      |
|          | following |                       |                      |
|          | table,    |                       |                      |
|          | compare   |                       |                      |
|          | f         |                       |                      |
|          | unctional |                       |                      |
|          | and       |                       |                      |
|          | f         |                       |                      |
|          | ull-scale |                       |                      |
|          | exercises |                       |                      |
|          | by        |                       |                      |
|          | writing a |                       |                      |
|          | brief     |                       |                      |
|          | de        |                       |                      |
|          | scription |                       |                      |
|          | in each   |                       |                      |
|          | of the    |                       |                      |
|          | cells.*   |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
|          |           | **Functional**        | **Full-Scale**       |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Degree |           |                       |                      |
| of       |           |                       |                      |
| R        |           |                       |                      |
| ealism** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Fo     |           |                       |                      |
| rmat/Str |           |                       |                      |
| ucture** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Atmo   |           |                       |                      |
| sphere** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Who    |           |                       |                      |
| Takes    |           |                       |                      |
| Part**   |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Who    |           |                       |                      |
| Leads**  |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Where  |           |                       |                      |
| Held**   |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **E      |           |                       |                      |
| quipment |           |                       |                      |
| De       |           |                       |                      |
| ployed** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Test   |           |                       |                      |
| Coordi   |           |                       |                      |
| nation** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Test   |           |                       |                      |
| Adequacy |           |                       |                      |
| of       |           |                       |                      |
| Res      |           |                       |                      |
| ources** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Test   |           |                       |                      |
| Decisio  |           |                       |                      |
| n-Making |           |                       |                      |
| P        |           |                       |                      |
| rocess** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **       |           |                       |                      |
| Relative |           |                       |                      |
| C        |           |                       |                      |
| omplexit |           |                       |                      |
| y/Cost** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Formal |           |                       |                      |
| Eval     |           |                       |                      |
| uation** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+

+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
|          | # Ac      |                       |                      |
|          | tivity: C |                       |                      |
|          | ompare Fu |                       |                      |
|          | nctional  |                       |                      |
|          | and Full- |                       |                      |
|          | Scale Exe |                       |                      |
|          | rcises (C |                       |                      |
|          | ontinued) |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
|          | ###       |                       |                      |
|          | Suggested |                       |                      |
|          |  Answers: |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
|          |           | **Functional**        | **Full-Scale**       |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Degree |           | As realistic as       | As realistic as      |
| of       |           | possible without      | possible; resources  |
| R        |           | deploying resources   | deployed             |
| ealism** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Fo     |           | Interactive;          | Interactive;         |
| rmat/Str |           | simulators deliver    | simulators play      |
| ucture** |           | "problem messages,"   | roles at the scene,  |
|          |           | players respond in    | players respond      |
|          |           | real time             |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Atmo   |           | Tense, stressful      | Highly tense,        |
| sphere** |           |                       | stressful            |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Who    |           | Controller players    | Controller(s),       |
| Takes    |           | (policy,              | players (all         |
| Part**   |           | coordination,         | levels), simulators, |
|          |           | operations),          | evaluators           |
|          |           | simulators,           |                      |
|          |           | evaluators            |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Who    |           | Controller            | Controller(s)        |
| Leads**  |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Where  |           | EOC or other          | EOC and field        |
| Held**   |           | operations center     | site(s)              |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **E      |           | No                    | Yes                  |
| quipment |           |                       |                      |
| De       |           |                       |                      |
| ployed** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Test   |           | Yes                   | Yes                  |
| Coordi   |           |                       |                      |
| nation** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Test   |           | Yes                   | Yes                  |
| Adequacy |           |                       |                      |
| of       |           |                       |                      |
| Res      |           |                       |                      |
| ources** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Test   |           | Yes                   | Yes                  |
| Decisio  |           |                       |                      |
| n-Making |           |                       |                      |
| P        |           |                       |                      |
| rocess** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **       |           | Large scale; complex  | Very large scale;    |
| Relative |           | format; moderate cost | highly complex; high |
| C        |           |                       | cost                 |
| omplexit |           |                       |                      |
| y/Cost** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Formal |           | Yes                   | Yes                  |
| Eval     |           |                       |                      |
| uation** |           |                       |                      |
+----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Full-Scale Exercise Roles                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Full-scale exercises involve one or more controllers, the |
|          | participants, simulators, evaluators, and a safety        |
|          | officer.                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Controllers                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|          | One or more controllers manage the exercise. In some      |
|          | exercises, where there are multiple sites or              |
|          | organizations, there may be more than one controller. In  |
|          | this case, all of the controllers cooperate under the     |
|          | direction of a chief controller.                          |
|          |                                                           |
|          | The controller (or chief controller) is responsible for   |
|          | ensuring that the exercise starts on schedule. The        |
|          | controller also designates an exercise control point from |
|          | which all communications should be monitored.             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Participants                                          |
|          |                                                           |
|          | A full-scale exercise involves all levels of personnel,   |
|          | including:                                                |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   **Policy makers---**those who are responsible for     |
|          |     making broad policy decisions. They might include the |
|          |     chief executive and his or her staff, the Public      |
|          |     Information Officer, the emergency manager, key       |
|          |     department heads, and other elected officials.        |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   **Coordination personnel---**people from various      |
|          |     departments who coordinate decisions of policy makers |
|          |     and make plans for resources.                         |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   **Operations personnel---**those who carry out the    |
|          |     directives. Sometimes coordination and operations are |
|          |     the same.                                             |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   **Field personnel---**fire, police, EMS, search and   |
|          |     rescue, volunteer groups, representatives of private  |
|          |     enterprises who participate in the response, and many |
|          |     others.                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Full-Scale Exercise Roles (Continued)                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Simulators                                            |
|          |                                                           |
|          | Simulators in a full-scale exercise are different from    |
|          | those in a functional exercise. In a full-scale exercise, |
|          | simulators are the volunteers who pretend to be victims   |
|          | of the emergency event. For realism, they may wear makeup |
|          | and they "act" injured, unconscious, hysterical, or       |
|          | deadwhatever the scene calls for.                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Evaluators                                            |
|          |                                                           |
|          | Evaluators observe the action and keep a log of all       |
|          | significant events. This is important because so many of  |
|          | the actions will not be prescripted, but rather           |
|          | spontaneous responses to other actions. Evaluators may    |
|          | videotape exercise action.                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Safety Officer                                        |
|          |                                                           |
|          | There are so many potential safety issues in a full-scale |
|          | exercise that a safety officer should be designated. This |
|          | person's primary responsibility is to analyze the entire  |
|          | exercise from a safety perspective. We will return to     |
|          | safety measures a little later.                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # How the Full-Scale Exercise Works                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Beginning                                             |
|          |                                                           |
|          | The full-scale exercise begins in a fashion similar to    |
|          | the functional exercise; whether it is announced or "no   |
|          | notice" depends in part on the objectives. The exercise   |
|          | designer will decide how and when the exercise is to      |
|          | begin. The trigger may simply be a call from dispatch, a  |
|          | radio broadcast, or a telephone call from a private       |
|          | citizen. The beginning for each participant should be as  |
|          | realistic as possible (that is, personnel should receive  |
|          | notification through normal channels).                    |
|          |                                                           |
|          | Personnel from the emergency services that are taking     |
|          | part in the field component must then proceed to the      |
|          | assigned location, where a "visual narrative" is          |
|          | displayed before them in the form of a mock emergency to  |
|          | which they will respond.                                  |
|          |                                                           |
|          | Key decision makersthose who would normally operate out  |
|          | of the EOC or command center during an emergencyproceed  |
|          | to the EOC to fulfill their roles. Command posts are set  |
|          | up as required by the event.                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | #  |                                                     |
|          |  H |                                                     |
|          | ow |                                                     |
|          |  t |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          |  F |                                                     |
|          | ul |                                                     |
|          | l- |                                                     |
|          | Sc |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | e  |                                                     |
|          | Ex |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ci |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          |  W |                                                     |
|          | or |                                                     |
|          | ks |                                                     |
|          |  ( |                                                     |
|          | Co |                                                     |
|          | nt |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | ue |                                                     |
|          | d) |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | ## |                                                     |
|          | #  |                                                     |
|          | Ac |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | A  |                                                     |
|          | ct |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | fu |                                                     |
|          | ll |                                                     |
|          | -s |                                                     |
|          | ca |                                                     |
|          | le |                                                     |
|          | ex |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ci |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          | o  |                                                     |
|          | cc |                                                     |
|          | ur |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | EO |                                                     |
|          | C, |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | o  |                                                     |
|          | ne |                                                     |
|          | or |                                                     |
|          | mo |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | f  |                                                     |
|          | ie |                                                     |
|          | ld |                                                     |
|          | si |                                                     |
|          | te |                                                     |
|          | s, |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | r  |                                                     |
|          | el |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | ed |                                                     |
|          | c  |                                                     |
|          | om |                                                     |
|          | ma |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | po |                                                     |
|          | st |                                                     |
|          | s. |                                                     |
|          | A  |                                                     |
|          | ct |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
|          | ta |                                                     |
|          | ki |                                                     |
|          | ng |                                                     |
|          | p  |                                                     |
|          | la |                                                     |
|          | ce |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | e  |                                                     |
|          | ve |                                                     |
|          | nt |                                                     |
|          | si |                                                     |
|          | te |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | c  |                                                     |
|          | om |                                                     |
|          | ma |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | p  |                                                     |
|          | os |                                                     |
|          | ts |                                                     |
|          | s  |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ve |                                                     |
|          | as |                                                     |
|          | i  |                                                     |
|          | np |                                                     |
|          | ut |                                                     |
|          | to |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | si |                                                     |
|          | mu |                                                     |
|          | la |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          | ta |                                                     |
|          | ki |                                                     |
|          | ng |                                                     |
|          | p  |                                                     |
|          | la |                                                     |
|          | ce |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | EO |                                                     |
|          | C. |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | Al |                                                     |
|          | th |                                                     |
|          | ou |                                                     |
|          | gh |                                                     |
|          | m  |                                                     |
|          | ed |                                                     |
|          | ic |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | pe |                                                     |
|          | rs |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          | ne |                                                     |
|          | l, |                                                     |
|          | ho |                                                     |
|          | sp |                                                     |
|          | it |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | s, |                                                     |
|          | EM |                                                     |
|          | S, |                                                     |
|          | fi |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | s  |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | vi |                                                     |
|          | ce |                                                     |
|          | s, |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | o  |                                                     |
|          | th |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | l  |                                                     |
|          | oc |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | iz |                                                     |
|          | ed |                                                     |
|          | e  |                                                     |
|          | me |                                                     |
|          | rg |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | cy |                                                     |
|          | op |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
|          | do |                                                     |
|          | n  |                                                     |
|          | ot |                                                     |
|          | u  |                                                     |
|          | su |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | ly |                                                     |
|          | r  |                                                     |
|          | eq |                                                     |
|          | ui |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | c  |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | tr |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | iz |                                                     |
|          | ed |                                                     |
|          | c  |                                                     |
|          | om |                                                     |
|          | ma |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | fr |                                                     |
|          | om |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | EO |                                                     |
|          | C, |                                                     |
|          | th |                                                     |
|          | ey |                                                     |
|          | do |                                                     |
|          | r  |                                                     |
|          | eq |                                                     |
|          | ui |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | co |                                                     |
|          | or |                                                     |
|          | di |                                                     |
|          | na |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          | wi |                                                     |
|          | th |                                                     |
|          | o  |                                                     |
|          | ff |                                                     |
|          | ic |                                                     |
|          | ia |                                                     |
|          | ls |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | c  |                                                     |
|          | om |                                                     |
|          | ma |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | po |                                                     |
|          | st |                                                     |
|          | s. |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | #  |                                                     |
|          | ## |                                                     |
|          |  S |                                                     |
|          | us |                                                     |
|          | ta |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | g  |                                                     |
|          | Ac |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | Ac |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          | is |                                                     |
|          | s  |                                                     |
|          | us |                                                     |
|          | ta |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | ed |                                                     |
|          | by |                                                     |
|          | v  |                                                     |
|          | ar |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | us |                                                     |
|          | me |                                                     |
|          | an |                                                     |
|          | s, |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | cl |                                                     |
|          | ud |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | g: |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  P |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | sc |                                                     |
|          | ri |                                                     |
|          | pt |                                                     |
|          | ed |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | me |                                                     |
|          | ss |                                                     |
|          | ag |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  i |                                                     |
|          | np |                                                     |
|          | ut |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | by |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  t |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | co |                                                     |
|          | nt |                                                     |
|          | ro |                                                     |
|          | ll |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | (s |                                                     |
|          | ). |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | Me |                                                     |
|          | ss |                                                     |
|          | ag |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  a |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  a |                                                     |
|          | ct |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | fr |                                                     |
|          | om |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  t |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  f |                                                     |
|          | ie |                                                     |
|          | ld |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | th |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  r |                                                     |
|          | eq |                                                     |
|          | ui |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | ac |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  t |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | EO |                                                     |
|          | C. |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  S |                                                     |
|          | po |                                                     |
|          | nt |                                                     |
|          | an |                                                     |
|          | eo |                                                     |
|          | us |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  r |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          | po |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | to |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  t |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  v |                                                     |
|          | ar |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | us |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | me |                                                     |
|          | ss |                                                     |
|          | ag |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  a |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | ac |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          | s. |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          |    | **Command Post Messages**                           |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    | A field command post can be used as part of the     |
|          |    | message input into the EOC. Either the command post |
|          |    | can be written into the scenario and have a set of  |
|          |    | prescripted messages to be transmitted by radio, or |
|          |    | the command post controller can monitor the         |
|          |    | sequence of events and transmit spontaneous         |
|          |    | messages.                                           |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Exercise Locations                                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | > **Field sites:** The main event site will depend on the |
|          | > exercise scenario and objectives. For example, if the   |
|          | > central event involves a plane crash, the exercise      |
|          | > might take place at an airport. A simulated terrorist   |
|          | > attack could be staged in a public facility such as a   |
|          | > convention center or shopping mall. A hurricane or      |
|          | > flood exercise might be dispersed over many locations.  |
|          | >                                                         |
|          | > Most events will involve additional locations such as   |
|          | > secondary event sites, hospitals, mortuaries, shelters, |
|          | > and other support locations, and command posts will be  |
|          | > established near the emergency sites. In fact, one of   |
|          | > the reasons a full-scale exercise is so complicated is  |
|          | > that activity is taking place in various locations, and |
|          | > all of the sites must be coordinated.                   |
|          | >                                                         |
|          | > **Emergency Operations Center:** Activation of the EOC  |
|          | > or other operations center is central to a full-scale   |
|          | > exercise (just as it is in a functional exercise). The  |
|          | > purpose of the EOC is to provide a policy and           |
|          | > coordination facility for the Chief Executive Officer   |
|          | > (CEO) and staff in order to respond effectively to an   |
|          | > emergency.                                              |
|          | >                                                         |
|          | > In essence, the EOC is the voice of government during   |
|          | > an emergency. Emergencies place strains on              |
|          | > governmentthe demand for service escalates, while      |
|          | > ability to deliver diminishes. Gathering information,   |
|          | > making decisions, and directing necessary actions       |
|          | > require close coordination between key officials. This  |
|          | > coordination is best obtained if officials and support  |
|          | > staff are in a centralized location with direct lines   |
|          | > of communications.                                      |
|          | >                                                         |
|          | > The central location makes it possible to accomplish a  |
|          | > number of tasks that would be impossible (or very       |
|          | > difficult) separately. For example:                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Information can be gathered, verified, and recorded   |
|          |     in one spot.                                          |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Officials can deploy resources in a timely and        |
|          |     intelligent manner.                                   |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Direction and control can be efficiently managed.     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Officials can coordinate actions and decisions.       |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   It's easier to set meaningful priorities when the key |
|          |     actors collaborate.                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | > The size and makeup of the EOC differs according to the |
|          | > size of the jurisdiction or response system. The EOC    |
|          | > may take up an entire floor of a building or a small    |
|          | > room.                                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Designing the Full-Scale Exercise                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | > The design of a full-scale exercise can be quite        |
|          | > difficult, often requiring the expertise of several     |
|          | > response organizations. When developing your first      |
|          | > full-scale exercise, it is usually advisable to start   |
|          | > small and build to more complex exercises. Many of the  |
|          | > potential difficulties relate to logistical problems,   |
|          | > but others rest with the design.                        |
|          | >                                                         |
|          | > The entire eight-step design process is used to design  |
|          | > full-scale exercises, although they are applied         |
|          | > somewhat differently than when designing tabletops and  |
|          | > functional exercises. The differences arise from the    |
|          | > fact that tabletop and functional exercises rely on     |
|          | > *words* to obtain realism whereas a full-scale          |
|          | > exerciselike a real emergencygains its reality from   |
|          | > *things.* There is a shift from a written scenario to   |
|          | > visual reality represented by a real site, real people  |
|          | > (some of them simulating victims), and real equipment.  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Let's take a closer look at how each of the design steps  |
|          | is applied to designing a full-scale exercise.            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### The First Four Steps                                  |
|          |                                                           |
|          | As with any exercise, the first four design steps are:    |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 1.  Assess needs.                                         |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 2.  Define the scope.                                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 3.  Write a statement of purpose.                         |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 4.  Define objectives.                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | For a full-scale exercise, these steps require deeper     |
|          | analysis and greater attention to detail. So much rests   |
|          | on the outcomes of these steps that you must be sure that |
|          | you have created a clear picture of what is to be         |
|          | achieved through the exercise. If any of these areas is   |
|          | left at all vague, the problems will be greatly magnified |
|          | later on.                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Designing the Full-Scale Exercise (Continued)           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Step 5: The Narrative                                 |
|          |                                                           |
|          | The narrative is handled differently in a full-scale      |
|          | exercise. Since a lengthy verbal description is not       |
|          | needed to set the scene, the narrative is shorter.        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Step 6: Major and Detailed Events                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | Major and detailed events still exist in a full-scale     |
|          | exercise, but many of them exist as actual occurrences    |
|          | rather than as verbal descriptions. For example, an       |
|          | earthquake scenario may have to rely on words to simulate |
|          | some events. However, other earthquake events can be      |
|          | simulated with fallen logs, bricks strewn around a        |
|          | building, dummies resting under beams, people acting      |
|          | injured or frightened, and other props.                   |
|          |                                                           |
|          | Even when events are presented visually, they cannot be   |
|          | random and haphazard. Each event must be carefully        |
|          | planned and staged to support objectives and generate the |
|          | expected actions.                                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Step 7: Expected Actions                              |
|          |                                                           |
|          | As with any exercise, expected actions must be            |
|          | specifically identified, based on the exercise            |
|          | objectives. A detailed list of expected actions is an     |
|          | important foundation for the exercise evaluation.         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Step 8: Messages                                      |
|          |                                                           |
|          | There are two kinds of messages in a full-scale exercise: |
|          | Visual and prescripted. Much of the action grows out of   |
|          | the initial message and scene set-up. The scene that is   |
|          | set up contains a number of "visual" messages to which    |
|          | participants need to respond. It may also be necessary to |
|          | have some prescripted messages to move the action along.  |
|          |                                                           |
|          | For every event, try to anticipate all possible           |
|          | reactions. But it is important to be flexible enough to   |
|          | adapt to player actions and decisions that you hadn't     |
|          | expected. Sometimes an unanticipated response will be an  |
|          | improvement over the expected action.                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | If your scenes (events) are well planned, the exercise    |
|          | will go in the general direction you planned, even if a   |
|          | few of the decisions are off course.                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | #  |                                                     |
|          |  D |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          | ig |                                                     |
|          | ni |                                                     |
|          | ng |                                                     |
|          |  t |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          |  F |                                                     |
|          | ul |                                                     |
|          | l- |                                                     |
|          | Sc |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | e  |                                                     |
|          | Ex |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ci |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          |  ( |                                                     |
|          | Co |                                                     |
|          | nt |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | ue |                                                     |
|          | d) |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          |    | **Watch the Details!**                              |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    | Make sure that the scenes you create are good       |
|          |    | enough to get the expected action. For example, if  |
|          |    | you have victims who don't know anything about      |
|          |    | medicine, either coach them in advance about their  |
|          |    | symptoms or tag them with symptoms and vital signs  |
|          |    | and apply makeup to simulate injuries. At the end   |
|          |    | of the exercise, you don't want players to say,     |
|          |    | "Well, I didn't know what you were getting at."     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | #  |                                                     |
|          | Sp |                                                     |
|          | ec |                                                     |
|          | ia |                                                     |
|          | l  |                                                     |
|          | Co |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
|          | id |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | A  |                                                     |
|          | fu |                                                     |
|          | ll |                                                     |
|          | -s |                                                     |
|          | ca |                                                     |
|          | le |                                                     |
|          | ex |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ci |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | pr |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | ts |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | hu |                                                     |
|          | ge |                                                     |
|          | lo |                                                     |
|          | gi |                                                     |
|          | st |                                                     |
|          | ic |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | ch |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | le |                                                     |
|          | ng |                                                     |
|          | e, |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | it |                                                     |
|          | 's |                                                     |
|          | ea |                                                     |
|          | sy |                                                     |
|          | to |                                                     |
|          | ov |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | lo |                                                     |
|          | ok |                                                     |
|          | de |                                                     |
|          | ta |                                                     |
|          | il |                                                     |
|          | s. |                                                     |
|          | O  |                                                     |
|          | ne |                                                     |
|          | w  |                                                     |
|          | ay |                                                     |
|          | to |                                                     |
|          | p  |                                                     |
|          | ro |                                                     |
|          | mo |                                                     |
|          | te |                                                     |
|          | c  |                                                     |
|          | le |                                                     |
|          | ar |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | cr |                                                     |
|          | ea |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | ve |                                                     |
|          | th |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | ki |                                                     |
|          | ng |                                                     |
|          | is |                                                     |
|          | to |                                                     |
|          | "  |                                                     |
|          | wa |                                                     |
|          | lk |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | si |                                                     |
|          | te |                                                     |
|          | " |                                                     |
|          | ei |                                                     |
|          | th |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ph |                                                     |
|          | ys |                                                     |
|          | ic |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | ly |                                                     |
|          | or |                                                     |
|          | m  |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | ta |                                                     |
|          | ll |                                                     |
|          | y. |                                                     |
|          | By |                                                     |
|          | d  |                                                     |
|          | oi |                                                     |
|          | ng |                                                     |
|          | s  |                                                     |
|          | o, |                                                     |
|          | y  |                                                     |
|          | ou |                                                     |
|          | m  |                                                     |
|          | ay |                                                     |
|          | be |                                                     |
|          | ab |                                                     |
|          | le |                                                     |
|          | to |                                                     |
|          | id |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | fy |                                                     |
|          | p  |                                                     |
|          | ot |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | pr |                                                     |
|          | ob |                                                     |
|          | le |                                                     |
|          | ms |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | do |                                                     |
|          | mo |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | r  |                                                     |
|          | ea |                                                     |
|          | li |                                                     |
|          | st |                                                     |
|          | ic |                                                     |
|          | p  |                                                     |
|          | la |                                                     |
|          | nn |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | g. |                                                     |
|          | In |                                                     |
|          | me |                                                     |
|          | nt |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | ly |                                                     |
|          | ev |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | ua |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | ng |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | sc |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | e, |                                                     |
|          | y  |                                                     |
|          | ou |                                                     |
|          | sh |                                                     |
|          | ou |                                                     |
|          | ld |                                                     |
|          | c  |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          | si |                                                     |
|          | de |                                                     |
|          | r: |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | Si |                                                     |
|          | te |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          | le |                                                     |
|          | ct |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | n. |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  S |                                                     |
|          | ce |                                                     |
|          | ne |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  m |                                                     |
|          | an |                                                     |
|          | ag |                                                     |
|          | em |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | t. |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  P |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | so |                                                     |
|          | nn |                                                     |
|          | el |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  a |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | so |                                                     |
|          | ur |                                                     |
|          | ce |                                                     |
|          | s. |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | Re |                                                     |
|          | sp |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  c |                                                     |
|          | ap |                                                     |
|          | ab |                                                     |
|          | il |                                                     |
|          | it |                                                     |
|          | y. |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | Sa |                                                     |
|          | fe |                                                     |
|          | ty |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  a |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  l |                                                     |
|          | eg |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | li |                                                     |
|          | ab |                                                     |
|          | il |                                                     |
|          | it |                                                     |
|          | y. |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  E |                                                     |
|          | me |                                                     |
|          | rg |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | cy |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  c |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | l- |                                                     |
|          | of |                                                     |
|          | f. |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  T |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | me |                                                     |
|          | di |                                                     |
|          | a. |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | T  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | f  |                                                     |
|          | ol |                                                     |
|          | lo |                                                     |
|          | wi |                                                     |
|          | ng |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | so |                                                     |
|          | me |                                                     |
|          | cr |                                                     |
|          | it |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ia |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | gu |                                                     |
|          | id |                                                     |
|          | el |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          | r  |                                                     |
|          | el |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | ed |                                                     |
|          | to |                                                     |
|          | ea |                                                     |
|          | ch |                                                     |
|          | of |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          | ar |                                                     |
|          | ea |                                                     |
|          | s. |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+

+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | #  |                                                     |
|          | Sp |                                                     |
|          | ec |                                                     |
|          | ia |                                                     |
|          | l  |                                                     |
|          | Co |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
|          | id |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
|          |  ( |                                                     |
|          | Co |                                                     |
|          | nt |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | ue |                                                     |
|          | d) |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | ## |                                                     |
|          | #  |                                                     |
|          | Si |                                                     |
|          | te |                                                     |
|          |  S |                                                     |
|          | el |                                                     |
|          | ec |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | S  |                                                     |
|          | el |                                                     |
|          | ec |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | ng |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | r  |                                                     |
|          | ig |                                                     |
|          | ht |                                                     |
|          | si |                                                     |
|          | te |                                                     |
|          | f  |                                                     |
|          | or |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | ex |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ci |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          | sh |                                                     |
|          | ou |                                                     |
|          | ld |                                                     |
|          | be |                                                     |
|          | o  |                                                     |
|          | ne |                                                     |
|          | of |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | f  |                                                     |
|          | ir |                                                     |
|          | st |                                                     |
|          | d  |                                                     |
|          | ec |                                                     |
|          | is |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
|          | y  |                                                     |
|          | ou |                                                     |
|          | m  |                                                     |
|          | ak |                                                     |
|          | e. |                                                     |
|          | B  |                                                     |
|          | ec |                                                     |
|          | au |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | ex |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ci |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | qu |                                                     |
|          | ir |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | mo |                                                     |
|          | bi |                                                     |
|          | li |                                                     |
|          | za |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          | of |                                                     |
|          | p  |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | so |                                                     |
|          | nn |                                                     |
|          | el |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | so |                                                     |
|          | ur |                                                     |
|          | ce |                                                     |
|          | s, |                                                     |
|          | s  |                                                     |
|          | pa |                                                     |
|          | ce |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | r  |                                                     |
|          | ea |                                                     |
|          | li |                                                     |
|          | sm |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | ke |                                                     |
|          | y. |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | ## |                                                     |
|          | ## |                                                     |
|          | ## |                                                     |
|          | ## |                                                     |
|          |  S |                                                     |
|          | it |                                                     |
|          | e  |                                                     |
|          | Se |                                                     |
|          | le |                                                     |
|          | ct |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | n  |                                                     |
|          | Cr |                                                     |
|          | it |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ia |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | ** |                                                     |
|          | Ad |                                                     |
|          | eq |                                                     |
|          | ua |                                                     |
|          | cy |                                                     |
|          | of |                                                     |
|          | S  |                                                     |
|          | pa |                                                     |
|          | ce |                                                     |
|          | ** |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          |   | Is it large enough to accommodate the number of     |
|          |    | victims, responders, and observers?                 |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          |   | Is there space for responders' and observers'       |
|          |    | vehicles?                                           |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | *  |                                                     |
|          | *R |                                                     |
|          | ea |                                                     |
|          | li |                                                     |
|          | sm |                                                     |
|          | ** |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          |   | Is the site as realistic as possible without        |
|          |    | interfering with normal traffic or safety?          |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    | Examples: In simulating an overturned tanker truck  |
|          |    | on a main stretch of freeway, you can't tie up rush |
|          |    | hour traffic for hours. You'll need to find a       |
|          |    | similar location to stage the crash. For a plane    |
|          |    | crash, try a secondary airport instead of a         |
|          |    | national airport.                                   |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          |   | Is the type of emergency one that has a real        |
|          |    | possibility of occurring? (A credible emergency can |
|          |    | elicit greater cooperation and participation.)      |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Scene Management                                      |
|          |                                                           |
|          | Management of the scene refers to a number of issues,     |
|          | including:                                                |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Logistics at the scene.                               |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Creation of a believable emergency scene.             |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Number of victims.                                    |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Management of props and materials.                    |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Number of controllers.                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | The checklist on the following page includes questions    |
|          | you should consider related to scene management.          |
|          |                                                           |
|          | ###                                                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Special Considerations (Continued)                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Scene Management Checklist**                            |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Logistics**                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   Where will players be set up?                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   If there is a mobile EOC, where will they park?       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Believability**                                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   How will you simulate the emergency? (e.g., If you    |
|          |     will simulate fire, what will you use for smoke? How  |
|          |     will you simulate a spilled chemical, broken glass,   |
|          |     flood damage, etc.?)                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   Who will serve as victims? (For greater realism,      |
|          |     select victims from different age groups, with        |
|          |     different body types and physical characteristics.)   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   How will you ensure that victims realistically        |
|          |     portray their roles?                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Number of Victims**                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   How many victims does the type of emergency call for? |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   What is the capability and capacity of hospitals and  |
|          |     other resources to handle victims?                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   What does the history of past events indicate about   |
|          |     types and numbers of injuries?                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Props and Materials**                                   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   What kinds of props and materials will be needed to   |
|          |     simulate injuries, damage, and other emergency        |
|          |     effects (e.g., victims' makeup, dummies, construction |
|          |     materials)?                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Controllers**                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   How many controllers will be needed to manage the     |
|          |     exercise sites? (In a multiple-site exercise, every   |
|          |     site will require a controller.)                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | #  |                                                     |
|          | Sp |                                                     |
|          | ec |                                                     |
|          | ia |                                                     |
|          | l  |                                                     |
|          | Co |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
|          | id |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
|          |  ( |                                                     |
|          | Co |                                                     |
|          | nt |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | ue |                                                     |
|          | d) |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | #  |                                                     |
|          | ## |                                                     |
|          |  P |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | so |                                                     |
|          | nn |                                                     |
|          | el |                                                     |
|          |  a |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          |  R |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          | ou |                                                     |
|          | rc |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | T  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | sc |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | ar |                                                     |
|          | io |                                                     |
|          | wi |                                                     |
|          | ll |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | lp |                                                     |
|          | d  |                                                     |
|          | et |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | mi |                                                     |
|          | ne |                                                     |
|          | h  |                                                     |
|          | ow |                                                     |
|          | ma |                                                     |
|          | ny |                                                     |
|          | pe |                                                     |
|          | op |                                                     |
|          | le |                                                     |
|          | (  |                                                     |
|          | pa |                                                     |
|          | rt |                                                     |
|          | ic |                                                     |
|          | ip |                                                     |
|          | an |                                                     |
|          | ts |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | v  |                                                     |
|          | ol |                                                     |
|          | un |                                                     |
|          | te |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | s) |                                                     |
|          | wi |                                                     |
|          | ll |                                                     |
|          | be |                                                     |
|          | i  |                                                     |
|          | nv |                                                     |
|          | ol |                                                     |
|          | ve |                                                     |
|          | d, |                                                     |
|          | h  |                                                     |
|          | ow |                                                     |
|          | ma |                                                     |
|          | ny |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | wh |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | k  |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | ds |                                                     |
|          | of |                                                     |
|          | e  |                                                     |
|          | qu |                                                     |
|          | ip |                                                     |
|          | me |                                                     |
|          | nt |                                                     |
|          | wi |                                                     |
|          | ll |                                                     |
|          | be |                                                     |
|          | n  |                                                     |
|          | ee |                                                     |
|          | de |                                                     |
|          | d, |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | p  |                                                     |
|          | ot |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | al |                                                     |
|          | co |                                                     |
|          | st |                                                     |
|          | s. |                                                     |
|          | Co |                                                     |
|          | ns |                                                     |
|          | id |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | t  |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          | f  |                                                     |
|          | ol |                                                     |
|          | lo |                                                     |
|          | wi |                                                     |
|          | ng |                                                     |
|          | f  |                                                     |
|          | ac |                                                     |
|          | to |                                                     |
|          | rs |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | pl |                                                     |
|          | an |                                                     |
|          | ni |                                                     |
|          | ng |                                                     |
|          | f  |                                                     |
|          | or |                                                     |
|          | p  |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | so |                                                     |
|          | nn |                                                     |
|          | el |                                                     |
|          | a  |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          | re |                                                     |
|          | so |                                                     |
|          | ur |                                                     |
|          | ce |                                                     |
|          | s: |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  H |                                                     |
|          | ow |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | ma |                                                     |
|          | ny |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  p |                                                     |
|          | ar |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | ci |                                                     |
|          | pa |                                                     |
|          | nt |                                                     |
|          | s? |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | (S |                                                     |
|          | om |                                                     |
|          | et |                                                     |
|          | im |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | it |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | is |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  n |                                                     |
|          | ec |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          | sa |                                                     |
|          | ry |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | to |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  s |                                                     |
|          | ca |                                                     |
|          | le |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | do |                                                     |
|          | wn |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  t |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | ex |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ci |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | to |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  a |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | ha |                                                     |
|          | lf |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  d |                                                     |
|          | ay |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | or |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | le |                                                     |
|          | ss |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | to |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | cr |                                                     |
|          | ea |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  p |                                                     |
|          | ar |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | ci |                                                     |
|          | pa |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | on |                                                     |
|          | .) |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  H |                                                     |
|          | ow |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | ma |                                                     |
|          | ny |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  v |                                                     |
|          | ol |                                                     |
|          | un |                                                     |
|          | te |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | s? |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | `` |                                                     |
|          | `{ |                                                     |
|          | =h |                                                     |
|          | tm |                                                     |
|          | l} |                                                     |
|          | <! |                                                     |
|          | -- |                                                     |
|          |  - |                                                     |
|          | -> |                                                     |
|          | `  |                                                     |
|          | `` |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  S |                                                     |
|          | ce |                                                     |
|          | ne |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          | t- |                                                     |
|          | up |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  V |                                                     |
|          | ic |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | ms |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  M |                                                     |
|          | em |                                                     |
|          | be |                                                     |
|          | rs |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | of |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  t |                                                     |
|          | he |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | pu |                                                     |
|          | bl |                                                     |
|          | ic |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | `` |                                                     |
|          | `{ |                                                     |
|          | =h |                                                     |
|          | tm |                                                     |
|          | l} |                                                     |
|          | <! |                                                     |
|          | -- |                                                     |
|          |  - |                                                     |
|          | -> |                                                     |
|          | `  |                                                     |
|          | `` |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  H |                                                     |
|          | ow |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | ma |                                                     |
|          | ny |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | wi |                                                     |
|          | ll |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | ne |                                                     |
|          | ed |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | to |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | be |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | pa |                                                     |
|          | id |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  o |                                                     |
|          | ve |                                                     |
|          | rt |                                                     |
|          | im |                                                     |
|          | e? |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | Wh |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  k |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | ds |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | of |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  e |                                                     |
|          | qu |                                                     |
|          | ip |                                                     |
|          | me |                                                     |
|          | nt |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | wi |                                                     |
|          | ll |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | be |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  u |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          | d? |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  H |                                                     |
|          | ow |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | ma |                                                     |
|          | ny |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | pi |                                                     |
|          | ec |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | of |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | ea |                                                     |
|          | ch |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | ty |                                                     |
|          | pe |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | of |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | eq |                                                     |
|          | ui |                                                     |
|          | pm |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | t? |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  H |                                                     |
|          | ow |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | mu |                                                     |
|          | ch |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | fu |                                                     |
|          | el |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  f |                                                     |
|          | or |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | ve |                                                     |
|          | hi |                                                     |
|          | cl |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  a |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | eq |                                                     |
|          | ui |                                                     |
|          | pm |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | t? |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | Wh |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  k |                                                     |
|          | in |                                                     |
|          | ds |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | of |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  m |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ia |                                                     |
|          | ls |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  a |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | su |                                                     |
|          | pp |                                                     |
|          | li |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | wi |                                                     |
|          | ll |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | be |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  n |                                                     |
|          | ee |                                                     |
|          | de |                                                     |
|          | d, |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  a |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  h |                                                     |
|          | ow |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | wi |                                                     |
|          | ll |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | th |                                                     |
|          | ey |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | be |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  o |                                                     |
|          | bt |                                                     |
|          | ai |                                                     |
|          | ne |                                                     |
|          | d? |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  E |                                                     |
|          | xp |                                                     |
|          | en |                                                     |
|          | se |                                                     |
|          | s: |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | `` |                                                     |
|          | `{ |                                                     |
|          | =h |                                                     |
|          | tm |                                                     |
|          | l} |                                                     |
|          | <! |                                                     |
|          | -- |                                                     |
|          |  - |                                                     |
|          | -> |                                                     |
|          | `  |                                                     |
|          | `` |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | Ov |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ti |                                                     |
|          | me |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  w |                                                     |
|          | ag |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  V |                                                     |
|          | eh |                                                     |
|          | ic |                                                     |
|          | le |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  a |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  e |                                                     |
|          | qu |                                                     |
|          | ip |                                                     |
|          | me |                                                     |
|          | nt |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | fu |                                                     |
|          | el |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | -  |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  M |                                                     |
|          | at |                                                     |
|          | er |                                                     |
|          | ia |                                                     |
|          | ls |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |  a |                                                     |
|          | nd |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          | su |                                                     |
|          | pp |                                                     |
|          | li |                                                     |
|          | es |                                                     |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+
|          |    | **Equipment**                                       |
|          |    |                                                     |
|          |    | Keep your scenario reasonable in terms of           |
|          |    | equipment. True, you need to determine whether you  |
|          |    | have the resources to meet normal emergency         |
|          |    | demands. But don't get carried away. Hold your      |
|          |    | people to the use of ***actual equipment***. Don't  |
|          |    | let them simulate use of equipment that doesn't     |
|          |    | exist.                                              |
+----------+----+-----------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Special Considerations (Continued)                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Response Capability                                   |
|          |                                                           |
|          | In planning both personnel and resources, take into       |
|          | consideration how the exercise might deplete the actual   |
|          | response capability of the organizations involved. It is  |
|          | unwise to compromise the ability to respond to real       |
|          | emergencies during an exercise. Here are some             |
|          | suggestions:                                              |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Be sure there are enough personnel and resources to   |
|          |     continue their responsibilities if a real emergency   |
|          |     occurs. (In some cases, a call-off procedure will     |
|          |     solve part of the problem.)                           |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Consider using second-shift personnel or mutual aid   |
|          |     from other jurisdictions or organizations.            |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Consider using volunteers as a smaller response       |
|          |     shift.                                                |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### ![](media/i                                           |
|          | mage3.wmf){width="2.3506944444444446in" height="2.175in"} |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Safety                                                |
|          |                                                           |
|          | Total operation safety is an absolute must in a           |
|          | full-scale exercise. Awareness of safety issues must be   |
|          | carried throughout the planning and conduct of the        |
|          | exercise to ensure that safety problems are noted and     |
|          | eliminated. A safety officer should be designated whose   |
|          | primary responsibility is to analyze the entire exercise  |
|          | from a safety perspective. Suggested safety measures are  |
|          | on the next page.                                         |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Special Considerations (Continued)                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | **Suggested Safety Measures**                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   Include safety as one of the activities in exercise   |
|          |     development.                                          |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   Assign each exercise team member the responsibility   |
|          |     of examining the exercise for safety within his or    |
|          |     her discipline.                                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   Identify all possible safety hazards and resolve each |
|          |     one.                                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   Address safety as part of the preexercise briefing.   |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   Include safety factors in simulator and evaluator     |
|          |     information packets.                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   Examine each field location before the exercise to    |
|          |     guarantee that safety precautions have been taken.    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   Ensure that the safety officer has the authority to   |
|          |     terminate an activity or even the entire exercise if  |
|          |     a safety problem arises.                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   Provide for call-off procedures in the event of an    |
|          |     actual emergency.                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Legal Liability                                       |
|          |                                                           |
|          | Legal questions of liability, including injuries during   |
|          | exercise conduct, must be researched by your local        |
|          | attorney.                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Special Considerations (Continued)                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Emergency Call-Off                                    |
|          |                                                           |
|          | A real emergency may occur during any exerciseespecially |
|          | a lengthy one. Be sure to keep enough personnel in        |
|          | reserve to handle routine problems.                       |
|          |                                                           |
|          | In some instances, it may be necessary to stop the        |
|          | exercise in order to handle the real emergency. Every     |
|          | exercise should have a planned call-off procedure that    |
|          | will result in the prompt return of personnel and         |
|          | equipment to full duty status. The procedure should       |
|          | include a code word or phrase that the controller or      |
|          | safety officer can use to indicate that:                  |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   The exercise has been terminated.                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Personnel should report to their regular duty         |
|          |     positions.                                            |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   All radio traffic will return to normal.              |
|          |                                                           |
|          | > The procedures should be tested.                        |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### The Media                                             |
|          |                                                           |
|          | A full-scale exercise of any magnitude will draw media    |
|          | attention whether you want it or not. If the exercise is  |
|          | well designed, favorable media reports are more likely.   |
|          | So include the media in your plans. They can be very      |
|          | helpful in gaining support for the program, and their     |
|          | presence will increase realism.                           |
|          |                                                           |
|          | Also make allowances for observers and public information |
|          | people. Decide in advance where you will locate them, and |
|          | give them an opportunity to observe.                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | ### Job Aids and Samples                                  |
|          |                                                           |
|          | The job aids introduced in Unit 4 and provided in         |
|          | Appendix A, Job Aids 7 through 14, can be used to develop |
|          | full-scale exercises. In addition, the checklist provided |
|          | on the next page covers special considerations for        |
|          | full-scale exercises. (This checklist also appears as Job |
|          | Aid 18 in Appendix A.)                                    |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|     |    | # Special Considerations (Continued)                      |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **F |    |                                                           |
| ull |    |                                                           |
| -Sc |    |                                                           |
| ale |    |                                                           |
| Ex  |    |                                                           |
| erc |    |                                                           |
| ise |    |                                                           |
| Pl  |    |                                                           |
| ann |    |                                                           |
| ing |    |                                                           |
| C   |    |                                                           |
| hec |    |                                                           |
| kli |    |                                                           |
| st: |    |                                                           |
| S   |    |                                                           |
| pec |    |                                                           |
| ial |    |                                                           |
| C   |    |                                                           |
| ons |    |                                                           |
| ide |    |                                                           |
| rat |    |                                                           |
| ion |    |                                                           |
| s** |    |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **  |    |                                                           |
| Par |    |                                                           |
| tic |    |                                                           |
| ipa |    |                                                           |
| nts |    |                                                           |
| :** |    |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Co |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
|     | ro |                                                           |
|     | ll |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | (s |                                                           |
|     | ) |                                                           |
|     | su |                                                           |
|     | ff |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | ie |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
|     | to |                                                           |
|     | ma |                                                           |
|     | na |                                                           |
|     | ge |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | ll |                                                           |
|     | e  |                                                           |
|     | ve |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
|     | s  |                                                           |
|     | it |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Si |                                                           |
|     | mu |                                                           |
|     | la |                                                           |
|     | to |                                                           |
|     | rs |                                                           |
|     | (  |                                                           |
|     | mo |                                                           |
|     | ck |                                                           |
|     | vi |                                                           |
|     | ct |                                                           |
|     | im |                                                           |
|     | s) |                                                           |
|     | d |                                                           |
|     | if |                                                           |
|     | fe |                                                           |
|     | re |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | ge |                                                           |
|     | g  |                                                           |
|     | ro |                                                           |
|     | up |                                                           |
|     | s, |                                                           |
|     | bo |                                                           |
|     | dy |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
|     | pe |                                                           |
|     | s, |                                                           |
|     | ph |                                                           |
|     | ys |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | al |                                                           |
|     | c  |                                                           |
|     | ha |                                                           |
|     | ra |                                                           |
|     | ct |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | is |                                                           |
|     | ti |                                                           |
|     | cs |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | P  |                                                           |
|     | la |                                                           |
|     | ye |                                                           |
|     | rs |                                                           |
|     | (  |                                                           |
|     | mo |                                                           |
|     | st |                                                           |
|     | fu |                                                           |
|     | nc |                                                           |
|     | ti |                                                           |
|     | on |                                                           |
|     | s, |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | ll |                                                           |
|     | le |                                                           |
|     | ve |                                                           |
|     | ls |                                                           |
|     | p |                                                           |
|     | ol |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | y, |                                                           |
|     | c  |                                                           |
|     | oo |                                                           |
|     | rd |                                                           |
|     | in |                                                           |
|     | at |                                                           |
|     | io |                                                           |
|     | n, |                                                           |
|     | op |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | at |                                                           |
|     | io |                                                           |
|     | n, |                                                           |
|     | fi |                                                           |
|     | el |                                                           |
|     | d) |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Ev |                                                           |
|     | al |                                                           |
|     | ua |                                                           |
|     | to |                                                           |
|     | rs |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Sa |                                                           |
|     | fe |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
|     | O  |                                                           |
|     | ff |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **S |    |                                                           |
| ite |    |                                                           |
| Sel |    |                                                           |
| ect |    |                                                           |
| ion |    |                                                           |
| :** |    |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Ad |                                                           |
|     | eq |                                                           |
|     | ua |                                                           |
|     | te |                                                           |
|     | s  |                                                           |
|     | pa |                                                           |
|     | ce |                                                           |
|     | f  |                                                           |
|     | or |                                                           |
|     | nu |                                                           |
|     | mb |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | vi |                                                           |
|     | ct |                                                           |
|     | im |                                                           |
|     | s, |                                                           |
|     | r  |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
|     | po |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | s, |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | o  |                                                           |
|     | bs |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | ve |                                                           |
|     | rs |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | S  |                                                           |
|     | pa |                                                           |
|     | ce |                                                           |
|     | f  |                                                           |
|     | or |                                                           |
|     | ve |                                                           |
|     | hi |                                                           |
|     | cl |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | e  |                                                           |
|     | qu |                                                           |
|     | ip |                                                           |
|     | me |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | As |                                                           |
|     | r  |                                                           |
|     | ea |                                                           |
|     | li |                                                           |
|     | st |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | as |                                                           |
|     | po |                                                           |
|     | ss |                                                           |
|     | ib |                                                           |
|     | le |                                                           |
|     | w  |                                                           |
|     | it |                                                           |
|     | ho |                                                           |
|     | ut |                                                           |
|     | i  |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | fe |                                                           |
|     | ri |                                                           |
|     | ng |                                                           |
|     | wi |                                                           |
|     | th |                                                           |
|     | no |                                                           |
|     | rm |                                                           |
|     | al |                                                           |
|     | t  |                                                           |
|     | ra |                                                           |
|     | ff |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | or |                                                           |
|     | sa |                                                           |
|     | fe |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Cr |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
|     | ib |                                                           |
|     | le |                                                           |
|     | sc |                                                           |
|     | en |                                                           |
|     | ar |                                                           |
|     | io |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | lo |                                                           |
|     | ca |                                                           |
|     | ti |                                                           |
|     | on |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| *   |    |                                                           |
| *Sc |    |                                                           |
| ene |    |                                                           |
| M   |    |                                                           |
| ana |    |                                                           |
| gem |    |                                                           |
| ent |    |                                                           |
| :** |    |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | L  |                                                           |
|     | og |                                                           |
|     | is |                                                           |
|     | ti |                                                           |
|     | cs |                                                           |
|     | (  |                                                           |
|     | wh |                                                           |
|     | o, |                                                           |
|     | w  |                                                           |
|     | ha |                                                           |
|     | t, |                                                           |
|     | wh |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | e, |                                                           |
|     | ho |                                                           |
|     | w, |                                                           |
|     | w  |                                                           |
|     | he |                                                           |
|     | n) |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Be |                                                           |
|     | li |                                                           |
|     | ev |                                                           |
|     | ab |                                                           |
|     | le |                                                           |
|     | si |                                                           |
|     | mu |                                                           |
|     | la |                                                           |
|     | ti |                                                           |
|     | on |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | e  |                                                           |
|     | me |                                                           |
|     | rg |                                                           |
|     | en |                                                           |
|     | cy |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | R  |                                                           |
|     | ea |                                                           |
|     | li |                                                           |
|     | st |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | v  |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | ti |                                                           |
|     | ms |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | P  |                                                           |
|     | re |                                                           |
|     | pa |                                                           |
|     | ra |                                                           |
|     | ti |                                                           |
|     | on |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | si |                                                           |
|     | mu |                                                           |
|     | la |                                                           |
|     | to |                                                           |
|     | rs |                                                           |
|     | to |                                                           |
|     | r  |                                                           |
|     | ea |                                                           |
|     | li |                                                           |
|     | st |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | al |                                                           |
|     | ly |                                                           |
|     | p  |                                                           |
|     | or |                                                           |
|     | tr |                                                           |
|     | ay |                                                           |
|     | r  |                                                           |
|     | ol |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Nu |                                                           |
|     | mb |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | v  |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | ti |                                                           |
|     | ms |                                                           |
|     | co |                                                           |
|     | ns |                                                           |
|     | is |                                                           |
|     | te |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
|     | wi |                                                           |
|     | th |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
|     | pe |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | em |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | ge |                                                           |
|     | nc |                                                           |
|     | y, |                                                           |
|     | h  |                                                           |
|     | is |                                                           |
|     | to |                                                           |
|     | ry |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | pa |                                                           |
|     | st |                                                           |
|     | ev |                                                           |
|     | en |                                                           |
|     | ts |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | T  |                                                           |
|     | yp |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | in |                                                           |
|     | ju |                                                           |
|     | ri |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
|     | co |                                                           |
|     | ns |                                                           |
|     | is |                                                           |
|     | te |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
|     | wi |                                                           |
|     | th |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
|     | pe |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | em |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | ge |                                                           |
|     | nc |                                                           |
|     | y, |                                                           |
|     | h  |                                                           |
|     | is |                                                           |
|     | to |                                                           |
|     | ry |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | pa |                                                           |
|     | st |                                                           |
|     | ev |                                                           |
|     | en |                                                           |
|     | ts |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Vi |                                                           |
|     | ct |                                                           |
|     | im |                                                           |
|     | lo |                                                           |
|     | ad |                                                           |
|     | co |                                                           |
|     | mp |                                                           |
|     | at |                                                           |
|     | ib |                                                           |
|     | le |                                                           |
|     | wi |                                                           |
|     | th |                                                           |
|     | l  |                                                           |
|     | oc |                                                           |
|     | al |                                                           |
|     | ca |                                                           |
|     | pa |                                                           |
|     | ci |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
|     | to |                                                           |
|     | ha |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | le |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | P  |                                                           |
|     | ro |                                                           |
|     | ps |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | m  |                                                           |
|     | at |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | ia |                                                           |
|     | ls |                                                           |
|     | to |                                                           |
|     | si |                                                           |
|     | mu |                                                           |
|     | la |                                                           |
|     | te |                                                           |
|     | i  |                                                           |
|     | nj |                                                           |
|     | ur |                                                           |
|     | ie |                                                           |
|     | s, |                                                           |
|     | d  |                                                           |
|     | am |                                                           |
|     | ag |                                                           |
|     | e, |                                                           |
|     | o  |                                                           |
|     | th |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | e  |                                                           |
|     | ff |                                                           |
|     | ec |                                                           |
|     | ts |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **  |    |                                                           |
| Per |    |                                                           |
| son |    |                                                           |
| nel |    |                                                           |
| and |    |                                                           |
| Res |    |                                                           |
| our |    |                                                           |
| ces |    |                                                           |
| :** |    |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Nu |                                                           |
|     | mb |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | pa |                                                           |
|     | rt |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | ip |                                                           |
|     | an |                                                           |
|     | ts |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Nu |                                                           |
|     | mb |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | vo |                                                           |
|     | lu |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
|     | ee |                                                           |
|     | rs |                                                           |
|     | f  |                                                           |
|     | or |                                                           |
|     | s  |                                                           |
|     | ce |                                                           |
|     | ne |                                                           |
|     | se |                                                           |
|     | tu |                                                           |
|     | p, |                                                           |
|     | vi |                                                           |
|     | ct |                                                           |
|     | im |                                                           |
|     | s, |                                                           |
|     | et |                                                           |
|     | c. |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | T  |                                                           |
|     | yp |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | n  |                                                           |
|     | um |                                                           |
|     | be |                                                           |
|     | rs |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | e  |                                                           |
|     | qu |                                                           |
|     | ip |                                                           |
|     | me |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Co |                                                           |
|     | mm |                                                           |
|     | un |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | at |                                                           |
|     | io |                                                           |
|     | ns |                                                           |
|     | e  |                                                           |
|     | qu |                                                           |
|     | ip |                                                           |
|     | me |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Fu |                                                           |
|     | el |                                                           |
|     | f  |                                                           |
|     | or |                                                           |
|     | ve |                                                           |
|     | hi |                                                           |
|     | cl |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | e  |                                                           |
|     | qu |                                                           |
|     | ip |                                                           |
|     | me |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | M  |                                                           |
|     | at |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | ia |                                                           |
|     | ls |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | su |                                                           |
|     | pp |                                                           |
|     | li |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Ex |                                                           |
|     | pe |                                                           |
|     | ns |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
|     | id |                                                           |
|     | en |                                                           |
|     | ti |                                                           |
|     | fi |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
|     | (  |                                                           |
|     | wa |                                                           |
|     | ge |                                                           |
|     | s, |                                                           |
|     | o  |                                                           |
|     | ve |                                                           |
|     | rt |                                                           |
|     | im |                                                           |
|     | e, |                                                           |
|     | f  |                                                           |
|     | ue |                                                           |
|     | l, |                                                           |
|     | m  |                                                           |
|     | at |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | ia |                                                           |
|     | ls |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | s  |                                                           |
|     | up |                                                           |
|     | pl |                                                           |
|     | ie |                                                           |
|     | s) |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| *   |    |                                                           |
| *Re |    |                                                           |
| spo |    |                                                           |
| nse |    |                                                           |
| Cap |    |                                                           |
| abi |    |                                                           |
| lit |    |                                                           |
| y** |    |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Su |                                                           |
|     | ff |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | ie |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
|     | p  |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | so |                                                           |
|     | nn |                                                           |
|     | el |                                                           |
|     | ke |                                                           |
|     | pt |                                                           |
|     | in |                                                           |
|     | r  |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | ve |                                                           |
|     | to |                                                           |
|     | ha |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | le |                                                           |
|     | r  |                                                           |
|     | ou |                                                           |
|     | ti |                                                           |
|     | ne |                                                           |
|     | n  |                                                           |
|     | on |                                                           |
|     | ex |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | ci |                                                           |
|     | se |                                                           |
|     | ev |                                                           |
|     | en |                                                           |
|     | ts |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| *   |    |                                                           |
| *Sa |    |                                                           |
| fet |    |                                                           |
| y** |    |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Sa |                                                           |
|     | fe |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | dd |                                                           |
|     | re |                                                           |
|     | ss |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
|     | t  |                                                           |
|     | hr |                                                           |
|     | ou |                                                           |
|     | gh |                                                           |
|     | d  |                                                           |
|     | ev |                                                           |
|     | el |                                                           |
|     | op |                                                           |
|     | me |                                                           |
|     | nt |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Ea |                                                           |
|     | ch |                                                           |
|     | de |                                                           |
|     | si |                                                           |
|     | gn |                                                           |
|     | te |                                                           |
|     | am |                                                           |
|     | me |                                                           |
|     | mb |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | r  |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
|     | po |                                                           |
|     | ns |                                                           |
|     | ib |                                                           |
|     | le |                                                           |
|     | f  |                                                           |
|     | or |                                                           |
|     | sa |                                                           |
|     | fe |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
|     | in |                                                           |
|     | o  |                                                           |
|     | wn |                                                           |
|     | di |                                                           |
|     | sc |                                                           |
|     | ip |                                                           |
|     | li |                                                           |
|     | ne |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | H  |                                                           |
|     | az |                                                           |
|     | ar |                                                           |
|     | ds |                                                           |
|     | id |                                                           |
|     | en |                                                           |
|     | ti |                                                           |
|     | fi |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | re |                                                           |
|     | so |                                                           |
|     | lv |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Sa |                                                           |
|     | fe |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | dd |                                                           |
|     | re |                                                           |
|     | ss |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
|     | in |                                                           |
|     | p  |                                                           |
|     | re |                                                           |
|     | ex |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | ci |                                                           |
|     | se |                                                           |
|     | b  |                                                           |
|     | ri |                                                           |
|     | ef |                                                           |
|     | in |                                                           |
|     | g, |                                                           |
|     | s  |                                                           |
|     | im |                                                           |
|     | ul |                                                           |
|     | at |                                                           |
|     | or |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | e  |                                                           |
|     | va |                                                           |
|     | lu |                                                           |
|     | at |                                                           |
|     | or |                                                           |
|     | p  |                                                           |
|     | ac |                                                           |
|     | ke |                                                           |
|     | ts |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Ea |                                                           |
|     | ch |                                                           |
|     | f  |                                                           |
|     | ie |                                                           |
|     | ld |                                                           |
|     | lo |                                                           |
|     | ca |                                                           |
|     | ti |                                                           |
|     | on |                                                           |
|     | ex |                                                           |
|     | am |                                                           |
|     | in |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
|     | f  |                                                           |
|     | or |                                                           |
|     | sa |                                                           |
|     | fe |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
|     | is |                                                           |
|     | su |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Sa |                                                           |
|     | fe |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
|     | o  |                                                           |
|     | ff |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | d  |                                                           |
|     | es |                                                           |
|     | ig |                                                           |
|     | na |                                                           |
|     | te |                                                           |
|     | d, |                                                           |
|     | g  |                                                           |
|     | iv |                                                           |
|     | en |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | ut |                                                           |
|     | ho |                                                           |
|     | ri |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| *   |    |                                                           |
| *Le |    |                                                           |
| gal |    |                                                           |
| Li  |    |                                                           |
| abi |    |                                                           |
| lit |    |                                                           |
| y** |    |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | L  |                                                           |
|     | eg |                                                           |
|     | al |                                                           |
|     | q  |                                                           |
|     | ue |                                                           |
|     | st |                                                           |
|     | io |                                                           |
|     | ns |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | l  |                                                           |
|     | ia |                                                           |
|     | bi |                                                           |
|     | li |                                                           |
|     | ty |                                                           |
|     | re |                                                           |
|     | se |                                                           |
|     | ar |                                                           |
|     | ch |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
|     | by |                                                           |
|     | l  |                                                           |
|     | oc |                                                           |
|     | al |                                                           |
|     | at |                                                           |
|     | to |                                                           |
|     | rn |                                                           |
|     | ey |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **  |    |                                                           |
| Eme |    |                                                           |
| rge |    |                                                           |
| ncy |    |                                                           |
| C   |    |                                                           |
| all |    |                                                           |
| -Of |    |                                                           |
| f** |    |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Ca |                                                           |
|     | ll |                                                           |
|     | -o |                                                           |
|     | ff |                                                           |
|     | p  |                                                           |
|     | ro |                                                           |
|     | ce |                                                           |
|     | du |                                                           |
|     | re |                                                           |
|     | in |                                                           |
|     | pl |                                                           |
|     | ac |                                                           |
|     | e, |                                                           |
|     | i  |                                                           |
|     | nc |                                                           |
|     | lu |                                                           |
|     | di |                                                           |
|     | ng |                                                           |
|     | co |                                                           |
|     | de |                                                           |
|     | w  |                                                           |
|     | or |                                                           |
|     | d/ |                                                           |
|     | ph |                                                           |
|     | ra |                                                           |
|     | se |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Ca |                                                           |
|     | ll |                                                           |
|     | -o |                                                           |
|     | ff |                                                           |
|     | p  |                                                           |
|     | ro |                                                           |
|     | ce |                                                           |
|     | du |                                                           |
|     | re |                                                           |
|     | te |                                                           |
|     | st |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **M |    |                                                           |
| edi |    |                                                           |
| a** |    |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | Ro |                                                           |
|     | le |                                                           |
|     | of |                                                           |
|     | m  |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
|     | ia |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | dd |                                                           |
|     | re |                                                           |
|     | ss |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
|     | in |                                                           |
|     | p  |                                                           |
|     | la |                                                           |
|     | nn |                                                           |
|     | in |                                                           |
|     | g, |                                                           |
|     | us |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
|     | as |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | re |                                                           |
|     | so |                                                           |
|     | ur |                                                           |
|     | ce |                                                           |
|     | to |                                                           |
|     | ga |                                                           |
|     | in |                                                           |
|     | f  |                                                           |
|     | av |                                                           |
|     | or |                                                           |
|     | ab |                                                           |
|     | le |                                                           |
|     | ex |                                                           |
|     | po |                                                           |
|     | su |                                                           |
|     | re |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|    | M  |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
|     | ia |                                                           |
|     | a  |                                                           |
|     | nd |                                                           |
|     | o  |                                                           |
|     | bs |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | ve |                                                           |
|     | rs |                                                           |
|     | co |                                                           |
|     | ns |                                                           |
|     | id |                                                           |
|     | er |                                                           |
|     | ed |                                                           |
|     | in |                                                           |
|     | lo |                                                           |
|     | gi |                                                           |
|     | st |                                                           |
|     | ic |                                                           |
|     | al |                                                           |
|     | pl |                                                           |
|     | an |                                                           |
|     | ni |                                                           |
|     | ng |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|     |    |                                                           |
+-----+----+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ![       | # Activity: Plan Ahead for the Full-Scale Exercise        |
| ](media/ |                                                           |
| image2.w |                                                           |
| mf){widt |                                                           |
| h="0.759 |                                                           |
| 02777777 |                                                           |
| 77777in" |                                                           |
| height   |                                                           |
| ="0.5715 |                                                           |
| 27777777 |                                                           |
| 7777in"} |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | *Think about your organization or jurisdiction in         |
|          | relation to the special design considerations just        |
|          | discussed. Are there special problems you may need to     |
|          | work around when designing a full-scale exercise? Do you  |
|          | have ideas about how to make use of particular situations |
|          | or locations? (Remember the description in Unit 1 of the  |
|          | building collapse exercise that was built around the      |
|          | planned destruction of a sports arena in Denver.)*        |
|          |                                                           |
|          | *In the space below, record notes that will help you      |
|          | remember your ideas about planning for a full-scale       |
|          | exercise in the future.*                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Site   |                                                           |
| Sele     |                                                           |
| ction:** |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Scene  |                                                           |
| Manag    |                                                           |
| ement:** |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **P      |                                                           |
| ersonnel |                                                           |
| and      |                                                           |
| Reso     |                                                           |
| urces:** |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Act                                                     |
|          | ivity: Plan Ahead for the Full-Scale Exercise (Continued) |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **       |                                                           |
| Response |                                                           |
| Capab    |                                                           |
| ility:** |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **S      |                                                           |
| afety:** |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **Legal  |                                                           |
| Liab     |                                                           |
| ility:** |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **E      |                                                           |
| mergency |                                                           |
| Cal      |                                                           |
| l-Off:** |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| **The    |                                                           |
| Media:** |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Summary and Transition                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | Unit 7 was the third of three units providing in-depth    |
|          | information about specific types of exercises. This unit  |
|          | provided information about the full-scale exercise,       |
|          | including key characteristics and special planning        |
|          | considerations. The next unit will focus on exercise      |
|          | evaluation.                                               |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ![       | # For More Information                                    |
| ](media/ |                                                           |
| image4.w |                                                           |
| mf){widt |                                                           |
| h="0.809 |                                                           |
| 72222222 |                                                           |
| 22222in" |                                                           |
| height   |                                                           |
| ="0.3368 |                                                           |
| 05555555 |                                                           |
| 5556in"} |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | -   Lessons Learned from Exercises and Incidents          |
|          |                                                           |
|          | > [www.nrt.org/epa/nrt/home.nsf]{.underline}              |
|          |                                                           |
|          | Media descriptions of past full-scale exercises:          |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Response '95:                                         |
|          |     [www.fema.gov/nwz95/95_106.htm]{.underline}           |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Demolition of Denver's McNichols Arena:               |
|          |     [www.fema.gov/reg-viii/usar/macdemo.htm]{.underline}  |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Ames/Moffett Airfield exercise:                       |
|          |     [www.fema.gov/mobex/resprep01.htm]{.underline}        |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Volunteer Response 2000:                              |
|          |     [www.bec                                              |
|          | hteljacobs.com/news/2000-or/exerciseemer.htm]{.underline} |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Community awareness and emergency response exercise:  |
|          |                                                           |
|          |    [www.ci.henderson.nv.us/news/news134.html]{.underline} |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Domestic counterterrorism exercise "TOPOFF":          |
|          |     [www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2000/April/230ag.htm\           |
|          |     ]{.underline}                                         |
|          |                                                           |
|          | -   Lessons learned from "TOPOFF":                        |
|          |                                                           |
|          |  [www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol6no6/hoffman.htm]{.underline} |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ![       | # Knowledge Check                                         |
| ](media/ |                                                           |
| image5.w |                                                           |
| mf){widt |                                                           |
| h="0.719 |                                                           |
| 44444444 |                                                           |
| 44444in" |                                                           |
| height=  |                                                           |
| "0.38958 |                                                           |
| 33333333 |                                                           |
| 3334in"} |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| *C       |                                                           |
| arefully |                                                           |
| read     |                                                           |
| each     |                                                           |
| question |                                                           |
| and all  |                                                           |
| of the   |                                                           |
| possible |                                                           |
| answers  |                                                           |
| before   |                                                           |
| s        |                                                           |
| electing |                                                           |
| the most |                                                           |
| app      |                                                           |
| ropriate |                                                           |
| response |                                                           |
| for each |                                                           |
| test     |                                                           |
| item.    |                                                           |
| Circle   |                                                           |
| the      |                                                           |
| letter   |                                                           |
| corre    |                                                           |
| sponding |                                                           |
| to the   |                                                           |
| answer   |                                                           |
| that you |                                                           |
| have     |                                                           |
| chosen.* |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  A    |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| ll-scale |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| exercise |                                                           |
|     i    |                                                           |
| nvolves: |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| a.  All  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   levels |                                                           |
|     of   |                                                           |
|     pe   |                                                           |
| rsonnel, |                                                           |
|     i    |                                                           |
| ncluding |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| response |                                                           |
|     pe   |                                                           |
| rsonnel. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| b.  P    |                                                           |
| rimarily |                                                           |
|     the  |                                                           |
|     key  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   policy |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| decision |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  makers. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| c.       |                                                           |
|  Policy, |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    coord |                                                           |
| ination, |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|     op   |                                                           |
| erations |                                                           |
|     pe   |                                                           |
| rsonnel. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| d.  The  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    staff |                                                           |
|     from |                                                           |
|     one  |                                                           |
|     de   |                                                           |
| partment |                                                           |
|     or   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    unit. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| 2.  In a |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| ll-scale |                                                           |
|     e    |                                                           |
| xercise, |                                                           |
|     sim  |                                                           |
| ulators: |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| a.  Are  |                                                           |
|     not  |                                                           |
|     r    |                                                           |
| equired. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| b.  Have |                                                           |
|     a    |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| somewhat |                                                           |
|     d    |                                                           |
| ifferent |                                                           |
|     role |                                                           |
|     than |                                                           |
|     in a |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| nctional |                                                           |
|     e    |                                                           |
| xercise. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| c.  Have |                                                           |
|     the  |                                                           |
|     same |                                                           |
|     role |                                                           |
|     as   |                                                           |
|     in a |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| nctional |                                                           |
|     e    |                                                           |
| xercise. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| d.  Play |                                                           |
|     the  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    roles |                                                           |
|     of   |                                                           |
|     all  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    field |                                                           |
|     pe   |                                                           |
| rsonnel. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| 3.  In a |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| ll-scale |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| exercise |                                                           |
|     the  |                                                           |
|     n    |                                                           |
| arrative |                                                           |
|     is   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  largely |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| replaced |                                                           |
|     by:  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
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| ```      |                                                           |
| a.       |                                                           |
| Scripted |                                                           |
|     m    |                                                           |
| essages. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| b.  The  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| exercise |                                                           |
|     di   |                                                           |
| rective. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| c.  A    |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   staged |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    scene |                                                           |
|     repr |                                                           |
| esenting |                                                           |
|     the  |                                                           |
|     em   |                                                           |
| ergency. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| d.  The  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   Player |                                                           |
|     H    |                                                           |
| andbook. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| 4.  \_\_ |                                                           |
| \_\_\_\_ |                                                           |
| \_\_\_\_ |                                                           |
| \_\_\_\_ |                                                           |
|     is a |                                                           |
|     good |                                                           |
|     use  |                                                           |
|     of a |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| ll-scale |                                                           |
|     e    |                                                           |
| xercise. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| a.       |                                                           |
|  Testing |                                                           |
|     e    |                                                           |
| mergency |                                                           |
|     pr   |                                                           |
| ocedures |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|     coor |                                                           |
| dination |                                                           |
|     of   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| multiple |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| agencies |                                                           |
|     or   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    organ |                                                           |
| izations |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| b.       |                                                           |
|   Trying |                                                           |
|     out  |                                                           |
|     a    |                                                           |
|     new  |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| untested |                                                           |
|     e    |                                                           |
| mergency |                                                           |
|     plan |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| c.       |                                                           |
| Training |                                                           |
|     p    |                                                           |
| ersonnel |                                                           |
|     in   |                                                           |
|     neg  |                                                           |
| otiation |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| d.  Pr   |                                                           |
| acticing |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    group |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  problem |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  solving |                                                           |
|     in a |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   nonthr |                                                           |
| eatening |                                                           |
|     env  |                                                           |
| ironment |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| 5.  A    |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| ll-scale |                                                           |
|     e    |                                                           |
| xercise: |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| a.  Does |                                                           |
|     not  |                                                           |
|     use  |                                                           |
|     pre  |                                                           |
| scripted |                                                           |
|     m    |                                                           |
| essages. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| b.  Uses |                                                           |
|     only |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   visual |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   action |                                                           |
|     m    |                                                           |
| essages. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| c.  May  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  include |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  visual, |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  action, |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|     pre  |                                                           |
| scripted |                                                           |
|     m    |                                                           |
| essages. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| d.  Uses |                                                           |
|     the  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   visual |                                                           |
|     n    |                                                           |
| arrative |                                                           |
|     in   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    place |                                                           |
|     of   |                                                           |
|     m    |                                                           |
| essages. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| 6.  In a |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| ll-scale |                                                           |
|     e    |                                                           |
| xercise, |                                                           |
|     all  |                                                           |
|     d    |                                                           |
| ecisions |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  actions |                                                           |
|     by   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  players |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    occur |                                                           |
|     in   |                                                           |
|     real |                                                           |
|     time |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| generate |                                                           |
|     real |                                                           |
|     r    |                                                           |
| esponses |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|     cons |                                                           |
| equences |                                                           |
|     from |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    other |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| players. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| a.  True |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| b        |                                                           |
| .  False |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | # Knowledge Check (Continued)                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 7.  The  |                                                           |
|     best |                                                           |
|     way  |                                                           |
|     to   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    begin |                                                           |
|     a    |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| ll-scale |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| exercise |                                                           |
|     is   |                                                           |
|     to   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   gather |                                                           |
|     all  |                                                           |
|     of   |                                                           |
|     the  |                                                           |
|     part |                                                           |
| icipants |                                                           |
|     in a |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  central |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| location |                                                           |
|     for  |                                                           |
|     a    |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| briefing |                                                           |
|     that |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| explains |                                                           |
|     the  |                                                           |
|     obj  |                                                           |
| ectives, |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   roles, |                                                           |
|     r    |                                                           |
| esponsib |                                                           |
| ilities, |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   ground |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   rules. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| a.  True |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| b        |                                                           |
| .  False |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| 8.       |                                                           |
|   \_\_\_ |                                                           |
| \_\_\_\_ |                                                           |
| \_\_\_\_ |                                                           |
| \_\_\_\_ |                                                           |
|     is a |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    major |                                                           |
|     di   |                                                           |
| fference |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  between |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| ll-scale |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| nctional |                                                           |
|     ex   |                                                           |
| ercises. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| a.       |                                                           |
|   Formal |                                                           |
|     ev   |                                                           |
| aluation |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| b.  Lead |                                                           |
|     role |                                                           |
|     of   |                                                           |
|     the  |                                                           |
|     co   |                                                           |
| ntroller |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| c.  Ac   |                                                           |
| tivation |                                                           |
|     of   |                                                           |
|     the  |                                                           |
|     EOC  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| d.  Fie  |                                                           |
| ld-based |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   action |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| 9.       |                                                           |
|  Because |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    field |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  actions |                                                           |
|     lead |                                                           |
|     to   |                                                           |
|     d    |                                                           |
| ecisions |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  further |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   action |                                                           |
|     in a |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| ll-scale |                                                           |
|     e    |                                                           |
| xercise, |                                                           |
|     it   |                                                           |
|     is   |                                                           |
|     unn  |                                                           |
| ecessary |                                                           |
|     to   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  develop |                                                           |
|     a    |                                                           |
|     list |                                                           |
|     of   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    major |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| detailed |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  events. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| a.  True |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| b        |                                                           |
| .  False |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| 10. If   |                                                           |
|     you  |                                                           |
|     want |                                                           |
|     to   |                                                           |
|     test |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| response |                                                           |
|     to a |                                                           |
|     t    |                                                           |
| errorist |                                                           |
|     bomb |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  attack, |                                                           |
|     a    |                                                           |
|     good |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| approach |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    would |                                                           |
|     be   |                                                           |
|     to   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    stage |                                                           |
|     an   |                                                           |
|     una  |                                                           |
| nnounced |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| ll-scale |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| exercise |                                                           |
|     at a |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   sports |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    arena |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|   during |                                                           |
|     a    |                                                           |
|     prof |                                                           |
| essional |                                                           |
|     game |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| attended |                                                           |
|     by   |                                                           |
|     t    |                                                           |
| housands |                                                           |
|     of   |                                                           |
|     spe  |                                                           |
| ctators. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| a.  True |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| b        |                                                           |
| .  False |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| 11. In   |                                                           |
|     d    |                                                           |
| esigning |                                                           |
|     a    |                                                           |
|     fu   |                                                           |
| ll-scale |                                                           |
|     e    |                                                           |
| xercise, |                                                           |
|     it   |                                                           |
|     is   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  usually |                                                           |
|     a    |                                                           |
| dvisable |                                                           |
|     to   |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  exclude |                                                           |
|     the  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|    media |                                                           |
|     and  |                                                           |
|     the  |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
|  public. |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| ``       |                                                           |
| `{=html} |                                                           |
| <!-- --> |                                                           |
| ```      |                                                           |
| a.  True |                                                           |
|          |                                                           |
| b        |                                                           |
| .  False |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ![](med  | # Knowledge Check (Continued)                             |
| ia/image |                                                           |
| 6.wmf){w |                                                           |
| idth="0. |                                                           |
| 90625in" |                                                           |
| height=  |                                                           |
| "0.30416 |                                                           |
| 66666666 |                                                           |
| 6664in"} |                                                           |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|          | 1.  a                                                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 2.  b                                                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 3.  c                                                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 4.  a                                                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 5.  c                                                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 6.  a                                                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 7.  b                                                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 8.  d                                                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 9.  b                                                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 10. b                                                     |
|          |                                                           |
|          | 11. b                                                     |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+