**STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES**

**ENVIRONICS SERIES 9100**

**COMPUTERIZED AMBIENT MONITORING CALIBRATION SYSTEM**

**Version 0.01**

# **Draft** 

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**Section 1.1 Acknowledgments**

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the Environics Series 9100
Computerized Ambient Monitoring Calibration System is the product of
EPA's Office of Air Quality, Planning and Standards. The following
individuals are acknowledged for their contributions.

**Principal Author**

Anna Kelley, Hamilton County Department of Environmental Services,
Cincinnati, OH 45219

*On an Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) assignment with OAQPS-EMAD,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711*

**Reviewers**

Office of Air Quality, Planning and Standards

Joann Rice, Precursor Gas Monitoring Team Lead, OAQPS-EMAD, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27711

Michael Papp, QA Team Lead, OAQPS-EMAD, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

Keith Kronmiller, Mantech, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

**Comments and questions can be directed to:**

Joann Rice

EPA-OAQPS

Emissions, Monitoring, and Analysis Division

Mail Drop D243-02

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

Email: [rice.joann@epa.gov](mailto:Kelley.anna@epa.gov)

(919)541-3372

**2.0 Table of Contents**

  -------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
  **Section**                                                    **Page**

                                                                 

  **1.0 Title Page**                                             **1**

  1.1 Acknowledgements                                           **2**

  **2.0 Table of Contents**                                      **3**

  2.1 List of Figures                                            **3**

  **3.0 Scope and Procedures**                                   **4**

  3.1 Scope and Applicability                                    **4**

  3.2 Summary of Method                                          **4**

  3.2.1 Summary of Specific Procedures                           **4**

  3.2.2 Summary of Analyzer Operation                            **4**

  3.3 Definitions                                                **5**

  3.4 Health and Safety Warnings                                 **6**

  3.5 Cautions                                                   **6**

  3.6 Interferences                                              **6**

  3.7 Personnel Qualifications                                   **7**

  3.8 Equipment and Supplies                                     **7**

  3.9 Procedures                                                 **9**

  3.9.1 Start-up                                                 **9**

  3.9.1.1 Unpack the Instrument                                  **9**

  3.9.1.2 Warm-up                                                **10**

  3.9.1.3 Leak Check                                             **10**

  3.9.1.4 Flow Verification                                      **11**

  3.9.2 Identifying Calibrator Ports to Standards                **12**

  3.9.3 Calibrations -- Multi-point                              **11**

  3.9.3.1 Determination of Concentrations for Multi-Point        **13**
  Calibration                                                    

  3.9.3.2 Performing the Multi-Point Calibration                 **15**

  3.9.4 Verifications -- Zero, Span and One-point Quality Checks **15**

  3.9.4.1 Set-up a Sequence                                      **16**

  3.9.4.2 Set-up Timer Control                                   **17**

  3.9.4.3 Run a Timer Control                                    **17**

  3.9.4.4 Zero, Span and One-Point Quality Checks                **17**

  3.9.4.5 Calibrator Automation                                  **18**

  **4.0 Quality Assurance and Quality Control**                  **18**

  **5.0 References**                                             **19**
  -------------------------------------------------------------- ----------

**List of Figures**

  ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
  **Figure Name and Number**                                   **Page**

                                                               

  Figure 1.0 Flow Diagram: Environics 9100                     **5**

  Figure 2.0 Sampling System Set-up                            **7**

  Figure 3.0 Calibration Graph of Environics 9100 Mass Flow    **12**
  Controller                                                   
  ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------

**List of Tables**

  ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
  **Table Name and Number**                                    **Page**

  Table 1.0 Proposed Audit Level Concentrations                **15**

  Table 2.0 MQO Table for Calibrator                           **19**
  ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------

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**3.0 Scope and Procedures**

**3.1 Scope and Applicability**

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is applicable for the Environics
Series 9100 Computerized Ambient Monitoring Calibration System
integrated with several ambient air monitoring analyzers. The SOP
outlines the steps to run calibrations and verifications either
automatically through programming sequences or through manual commands.

**3.2 Summary of Method**

**3.2.1 Summary of Specific Procedures**

This SOP will use the following methods to unpack, check and set-up, and
execute a multi-point calibration, and daily zero, span and one point QC
checks.

-   3.9.1.1 Unpack the Instrument

-   3.9.1.2 Warm up the Environics

-   3.9.1.3 Leak check the Environics

-   3.9.1.4 Flow Verification

-   3.9.2 Assign the Calibrator Ports to the Gaseous Standards

-   3.9.3 Multi-point Calibrations

-   3.9.4 Verifications: Zero, Span and One Point Quality Checks

-   3.9.4.1 Setting up a Sequence

-   3.9.4.2 Setting up a Timer Control

-   3.9.4.3 Running the Timer Control

-   3.9.4.4 Zero, Span, and One-Point Quality Checks

-   3.9.4.5 Calibrator Automation

**3.2.2** **Summary of Analyzer** **Operation** *Refer to the Flow
Diagram, Figure 1.*

In the Environics 9100 Calibrator, Port 1 is connected to mass flow
controller (MFC) 1. Port 1 is used for Zero Air. MFC 2 can choose any of
the remaining available ports. When nitrogen dioxide (NO~2~) is required
pollutant, ozone flows into the reaction chamber along with gases from
the other ports except 1. It is here that ozone reacts with the gas. The
resultant gas is then sent to the Mixing Chamber and is diluted with
zero air from Port 1 before exiting the calibrator and sent to the
appropriate analyzer. If diluting gases for CO and SO~2~, this process
is by-passed.

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**Figure 1.0 Flow Diagram: Environics 9100**

**3.3 Definitions**

MFC Mass Flow Controller

Sccm Standard Cubic Centimeter per minute

DAS Digital Acquisition System

Span Check a one point verification of the monitoring system challenging
an analyzer with a known concentration of gas and measuring the analyzer
response. Span checks are the highest concentration test point
approximately 80 to 90% of full scale range.

One Point Quality Check a one point verification of the analyzer made by
challenging the analyzer with a known concentration of gas and measuring
the analyzer response. This concentration ideally should be in the range
of daily observed concentrations. This verification should be of
pre-determined

acceptable quality. A response outside the limits initiates a series of
actions to determine data quality.

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**3.4 Health and Safety Warnings**

1\. Some gases can be explosive or otherwise reactive when blended.
Users must check gas compatibility before blending. Please consult a gas
handbook, a specialty gas manufacturer or other competent source for
information about gas compatibility. Failure to observe these
precautions may result in damage to the instrument, serious injury or
death.

2\. Pressurized cylinders are extremely dangerous if improperly handled.
Proper regulators, use of safety caps and proper restraints are
mandatory. Avoid cross contamination when attaching regulators or making
manifold connections. Always consult your gas supplier for proper safety
procedures. Failure to observe these precautions may result in serious
injury or death.

3\. Rules and regulations regarding the transportation of gas cylinders
are governed by the Department of Transportation. Each agency should
familiarize themselves with these regulations and follow them when
involved in transporting gas cylinders. Failure to follow these
precautions may result in serious injury or death.

4\. Secure Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all gases and keep in
specially designated binder in any easily accessible location.

5\. Power to the unit should be disconnected before working on it to
prevent injury or electrical shock.

6\. If it is necessary to work on the inside of the unit with power
connected, extreme caution should be taken. Failure to do so can result
in injury or electrical shock.

7\. Because the electronic circuit boards contain static sensitive
components, always use static discharge equipment when working on the
unit and handling circuit boards.

8\. A line should be run to the outside or a fume hood, whichever is
more readily available, to vent the outflow of gases from the entire
system: Environics 9100, the Zero Air Generator, and the analyzers. This
should be done to prevent the possibility of a build-up of gases in a
closed room/monitoring station and the potential for gaseous poisoning
to the unaware station operator.

**3.5 Cautions**

1\. The Environics 9100 operates at a line voltage between 100-120 VAC
(optional 220-240 VAC). Operating at an incorrect line voltage will
damage the instrument and void the manufacturer's warranty.

2\. Because the RS-232 ports and the parallel printer port are
especially susceptible to damage if the unit is powered ON while any
computer or printer equipment is being connected or disconnected, the
unit must be powered OFF before connecting or disconnecting any cables,
wiring harnesses or other sources of potential electrical impulses.

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3\. If routine maintenance is performed, prior to putting the unit back
into service check the following items:

-   Inspect the power cord and internal wiring

-   Check all fittings for tightness and leak check if possible

-   Clean circuit boards using a vacuum or air gun to remove dust

-   Check all tubing for splits, kinks, or cuts

**3.6 Interferences**

The calibrator as well as the zero air supply and any gaseous cylinders
should be stored and operated in a temperature and humidity controlled
shelter as extremes of either can effect the final concentration.
Condensation of humidity in the sampling and associated lines can also
dilute the concentration of gases delivered to the analyzers.

**3.7 Personnel Qualifications**

Persons setting up and operating this system should have an
understanding of gaseous systems and/or a good background in chemistry,
physics, and the scientific process. For someone unfamiliar with gaseous
systems and/or setting up analyzers and related equipment at a
monitoring site, an instructional course would be beneficial. Other
sources of instruction include any US EPA guidance documents and
training with other experienced personnel.

**3.8 Equipment and Supplies**

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height="3.3555555555555556in"}

**Figure 2.0: Sampling System Set-up**

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**Environics Series 9100**: used to blend gases to desired concentration
to run check calibration of ambient air analyzers through not only a
calibration of each but also through the daily zero, span, and one point
quality checks.

**Zero Air Source**: For this study, an API Model 701 Zero Air Generator
is used. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon scrubbers are available as an
option when purchasing. For precursor gas applications, the CO scrubber
is required. Please see the manual for a recommended maintenance
schedule on the unit. The purpose of the zero air source is to dilute
the gases to achieve the desired final concentration of gaseous
pollutants in question. Zero Air should be filtered before entering the
calibrator to ensure it is free of any particulate contaminants. A
cylinder of zero air may also be used. However, the latter may not be
cost effective or practical for monitoring organizations given the
frequency of use of the zero air supply. It is also imperative for the
monitoring organization to verify/recertify their zero air supply
annually using an independent zero air source. The independent source
should be of a higher quality than what is routinely used. Most high
purity cylinder air sources are not of the quality needed as an
independent source. High quality cylinders can be used, but they require
external scrubbers for the precursor gases of interest.

It is not recommended that the API 701 be used to generate air at a flow
rate greater than 10 LPM. The internal CO scrubber is not as efficient
at the higher flow rates (e.g., 20 LPM); therefore, caution should be
taken when exceeding 10 LPM. Decreased scrubber efficiency presents
itself as an increased CO analyzer baseline. An external Hopcalite or
Carulite scrubber can be added to the API 701 to remove any CO not
eliminated by the scrubber at higher flow rates. CO scrubbers can fail.
The manual recommends replacement on an annual schedule depending on CO
levels in the source air.

It is also recommended that ambient air, not air from the inside of the
monitoring station, is used as a source for the API zero air generator.

**Reagents and Standards**: Gas Cylinders are used as the source of the
target pollutant concentration. Cylinders used should be of the highest
purity available, specifically for multi-point calibrations and
performance evaluations. All gases used should be either NIST traceable
or EPA Protocol Gases having acceptance criteria of 2%. Three different
gas cylinders were used in the initial testing project. The
concentrations used to obtain the desired blend for the routine span and
precision checks follow:

Concentration of gases, cylinder one:

-   NO 50 ppm nominal in N~2~ balance @ 2000 psig Tolerance: ± 1% EPA

-   CO 5000 ppm nominal in N~2~ balance @ 2000 psig Tolerance: ± 1% EPA

-   NO~x~ 50 ppm nominal in N~2~ balance @ 2000 psig

-   NO~2~ \<0.2 ppm in N~2~ balance @ 2000 psig

-   SO~2~ 50 ppm nominal in N~2~ balance @ 2000 psig Tolerance: ±1% EPA

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Concentration of gases used in cylinder two:

-   CO 350 ppm nominal in N2 balance @ 2000 psig Tolerance ± 1% EPA

-   NO 10 ppm nominal in N2 balance @ 2000 psig Tolerance ± 1% EPA

-   NO~2~ \<0.05 ppm in N~2~ balance @ 2000 psig

-   NO~x~ 10 ppm nominal in N~2~ balance @ 2000 psig

-   SO~2~ 10 ppm nominal in N2 balance @ 2000 psig Tolerance ± 1% EPA

Cylinder three (span and precision checks)

-   CO 60 ppm nominal

Targeted concentrations of the span and precision checks:

Pollutant Range Span Precision Check

CO 5000 ppb 4000 ppb 250-500 ppb

SO~2~ 100 ppb 80 ppb 20 ppb

NO~y~ 100 ppb 80 ppb 20 ppb

**Data Acquisition, Storage and Communication Package:** A data
acquisition package is necessary to retrieve the data from a remote site
and store it for further analysis. Two data acquisition systems were
used in this project: Environmental Data Acquisition System (EDAS) for
Windows both models 8816 and 8832, Environmental Services Corporation
and Envidas, by Envotech. For further information, please refer to the
Data Management SOP.

**3.9 Procedures**

**3.9.1 Start-up**

**3.9.1.1 Unpack the instrument**

1\. Remove the unit from the shipping container and inspect for damages.

2\. Note any damage to the shipping case and report to freight carrier
immediately.

3\. Removing the screws on each side of the top removes the top cover.

4\. Inspect the interior of the calibrator for any loose parts or
visible damage.

5\. Check for any loose circuit boards. If loose, press down to reseat
them before connecting the power.

6\. Report any instrument damage to Environics or the local distributor.

7\. If no damage is found, replace the cover and screws.

The above procedure should be done upon immediate receipt of the
instrument or can be moved to the location the calibrator will be sited
and then inspected for damage. However, do not wait too long to do the
inspection to ensure validation of the warranty period. Please refer to
inside the front cover of the manual for specifics on the warranty
period and specific coverage.

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**3.9.1.2 Warm-up**

When bringing zero air supply and calibrator together for initial
checks, suggested warm up time is 24 hours. If moving to sampling
location after initial checks, suggested warm up time would be 3-4
hours**.**

1\. Set-up Calibrator in place and connect zero air supply to Port 1.

**Note:** Pressure of zero air supply should be between 30-35 PSI

2\. Secure the appropriate electrical power supply to the Environics and
switch to the "ON" position

3\. Allow calibrator and zero air supply to warm-up and stabilize before
proceeding.

**3.9.1.3 Leak Check** *Refer to Section 5.14 in the Environics Manual
for further information on the Leak Check*

A leak check of the calibrator should be performed before beginning
other work. A leak in the calibrator will result an incorrect dilution
of gases delivered to analyzers yielding incorrect calibration and
verifications of concentrations by the analyzer(s). It is strongly
recommended to perform the leak check even if the calibrator is brand
new. This ensures integrity of the system and prevents aggravation to
the operator.

1\. Set the pressure of the zero air supply to 10 PSI

2\. At the READY screen, press the MORE key (F8) in the lower right hand
corner of the screen. This will take you to the second screen.

3\. Once on the second screen, press the LEAK CHECK key (F7)

4\. Adjust the PSI reading on the external pressure gage on the front of
the zero air supply source as necessary.

**Note:** The PSI should NOT be above 13. A PSI over 13 will activate
the pressure safety.

5\. Press the START key (F1) on the front panel.

6\. Allow the Environics to run through the leak test cycle. The factory
acceptance criterion for a leak check is less than 3 sccm.

Automatic sequence of events during the LEAK CHECK cycle:

1\. Acquire atmospheric pressure (approximately 59 seconds)

2\. Pressurize system - calibrator and zero air supply (approximately 89
seconds)

3\. Shut down solenoids in calibrator -- actual leak check of the
calibrator and zero air supply

**Note:** The test may be cancelled at any time by pressing any key.

7\. Once the LEAK CHECK is complete, the Environics will display the
results. If less than 3 sccm, the results are acceptable.

8\. Record results in appropriate lab notebook

9\. Press the EXIT (F8) key located in the lower right hand corner of
the screen.

10\. Adjust the zero air supply to read 30 PSI on the external pressure
gage

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**3.9.1.4 Flow Verification**

Although the mass flow controllers have been factory set, it is strongly
recommended to verify the flows through the calibrator using a NIST
traceable source. This ensures accuracy as the flow measurement standard
must be more accurate than the specified flow accuracy of the MFC. For
this study, a BIOS Dry-Cal device was used. Flow devices must be
certified annually. Flow checks should be verified at the start-up of
the sampling system. Additional verifications should be performed
annually or when the gaseous pollutant flow is questioned.

To complete flow verification of Port 1, zero air, and Port 2, cylinder
gases, a BIOS Dry-Cal device was used. If another type of flow device is
used, these procedures may differ. Consult the manual that accompanies
that device for specific instructions.

1\. Attach the appropriate BIOS cell to the base of the dry-cal.

2\. Attach tubing to the exhaust end of the dry-cal.

3\. Attach the calibration output tubing to the dry-cal. **Note:** the
tubing from the calibrator output may not be the correct size to connect
to the input of the dry-cal. Therefore, it may be necessary to have a
small adapter/connector between two different sizes of tubing.

4\. Turn on dry-cal

5\. From the READY screen on the front panel of the Environics
calibrator, press the CONC MODE (F1) soft key

6\. When the Concentration Mode Screen appears, move cursor using the
arrow keys on the soft key pad to Port 1.

7\. Enter Port 1 and the cursor will move to the Target Gas area

8\. Once in the Target Gas area, the concentration should be 0 for all
gases. If not, change to 0 in those pollutant concentration fields as
needed using the numeric key pad and the arrow keys.

9\. After work in Target Gas area is complete, cursor should be in Total
Flow area. If not move cursor to that area and enter total flow desired:
5.0 SLPM.

10\. Move the cursor to another field using the arrow keys. This will
update and confirm on the screen the current requested information.

11\. Press START (F1) on the soft key pad at the bottom of the screen.
This initiates the calibrator to open the appropriate solenoids and
start the air flow through the calibrator.

12\. Observing the display on the dry cal and the front of the
calibrator, begin to record the actual readings from the dry cal when
the flows are constant on both. It is recommended to record eight to ten
readings.

13\. After the readings are completed for a specific flow, select STOP
(F ) on the bottom of the front panel of the calibrator, repeat steps
9-12. Five or more Target Flows up to 20 LPM should be used to create a
line.

14\. When completed with Port 1, EXIT (F8) to the READY screen and
switch to the cell for low flows on the dry cal device. The flow of Port
2 will now be verified.

15\. At the READY screen, select the FLOW MODE (F2) at the bottom of the
screen.

16\. Cursor should appear at Port 1. Move to Target Flow area and enter
0 SLPM.

17\. Move cursor to Port 2 and enter desired SCCM: 90.

18\. Move the cursor to another field using the arrow keys. This will
update and confirm on the screen the current requested information.

19\. Turn on dry-cal

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20\. Select the START key (F1) on the soft key pad at the bottom of the
screen. This initiates the calibrator to open the appropriate solenoids
and start the air flow through the calibrator.

21\. Observing the display on the dry cal and the front of the
calibrator, begin to record the actual readings from the dry cal when
the flows are constant on both. It is recommended to record eight to ten
readings.

22\. After the readings are completed for a specific flow, select EXIT
(F8) on the bottom of the front panel of the calibrator, repeat steps
17, 18, and 20. Five or more Target Flows down to 10 SCCM should be used
to create a line.

23\. When completed with Port 2, EXIT (F8) to the READY screen.

24\. Turn off dry-cal, disconnect tubing, and replace all tubing to
original set-up as necessary.

25\. Average each of the flow points.

26\. Perform a linear regression analysis and plot the actual vs. target
concentration flows.

![](media/image4.wmf){width="6.373611111111111in"
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**Figure 3: Calibration Graph of Environics 9100 Mass Flow Controller**

**3.9.2 IDENTIFYING THE CALIBRATOR PORTS TO THE GASEOUS STANDARDS**
*Refer to Section 5.8 in the Environics Series 9100 Manual*

The purpose of this section is to assign gaseous cylinders to a specific
port located on the rear of the Environics 9100 Calibrator.

1\. From the **READY SCREEN,** select **MAINTAIN PORTS (F6)**

2\. Using the soft number key pad on the right front screen, choose the
desired gas port to be configured. Once a port number is selected, the
cursor will appear in front of the word BALANCE

3\. Using the Right Arrow key, move to the Gas ID column. Lines 1 will
be used to name the BALANCE of the gas in the cylinder. Lines 2-6 will
be used to name the individual gases in that cylinder.

4\. Enter the first gas to be configured on line 2

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>
> **Note:** If it is intended to use nitric oxide to perform a Gas Phase
> Titration, "NO" must be used as the GAS ID. The system will compute
> the NO~2~ while running. System recognizes NO only for this process.

4\. Use the "Exit" key to return to the CGC area or use the "Up and/or
Down" keys to move to a different CGC field.

5\. Enter the CGC for each GAS ID

> **Note:** The cylinder concentration can either be entered as parts
> per million (ppm) or percent (%).Percent of a concentration is more
> typically used for higher blending higher concentration of gases.
>
> **Note:** Concentrations of up to five (5) gases may be added for one
> multi blend gas cylinder. Beneath the CGC, the first cell is labeled
> **BALANCE**. If using a multi blend gas and contains nitric oxide
> (NO), this must be the first gas entered.

Environics 9100

6\. Repeat steps 2-4 for all gases to be entered for that cylinder

7\. Press CYL ID (F6), to move to cylinder ID field and enter a name for
that cylinder. Suggestion: use the cylinder number listed on the
cylinder tag

8\. After completing set-up for a desired port, press EXIT (F8) to
select a different port. Press EXIT(F8) again to go to the Main Menu.

**3.9.3 CALIBRATIONS -- Multi-point**

Running a multipoint calibration, a zero point and three separate
concentrations are to be run to determine linearity of the instrument.
The proposed audit ranges concentrations found in 40 CFR Part 58
Appendix A Section 3.2.2 combined with actual ambient concentrations
observed would serve as a guideline of concentrations to choose for a
multi-point calibration. The recommended sequence when performing the
multi-point calibration is to perform a zero first, making any necessary
adjustments to the zero, then move to the highest concentration working
backwards ending with the low concentration and a final zero. Performing
the points in this order more completely coats the exposed surfaces
allowing for a more stable concentration. An added benefit to performing
the concentration points in this sequence is the time savings element.

**3.9.3.1 Determination of Concentrations for the Multi-point
Calibration**

Before performing the actual multi-point calibration, calculate the
desired concentration of each point based upon the gas cylinder
concentrations and gas flow. A recommendation: calculate these values
before purchasing your pollutant gas standards to ensure having the
desired concentrations when ready to perform the multi-point
calibration.

Based on the flow verification of the mass flow controllers in the
calibrator performed earlier, use the actual flow of the zero air and
gases in the multi-blend cylinder to calculate what concentrations are
needed for each pollutant for the multi-point calibration. Refer to
Example #1 as you follow the step by step process.

1\. Determine the range of the each pollutant, example CO is 0-5000 ppb

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2\. Next, determine 10 and 90 percent of the range, 500 and 4500 ppb
respectively. By solving for the minimum and maximum concentrations, you
will be able to determine what concentration of pollutant gas
cylinder(s) is needed.

**Note:** It will be necessary to determine your total air flow needed
through your system. This will be based on the set-up of the entire
sampling system including manifold.

3\. Using the following equation and referring to **Example #1,** Steps
2 & 3, determine what flow is needed to generate these concentrations.

[Concentration of pollutant in cylinder x pollutant flow]{.underline} =
desired concentration

Total flow through system: pollutant flow + zero air flow

4\. In this example, make the pollutant flow, the unknown value and
solve the equation for it.

5\. Once the 10 and 90 percent of range have been determined, solve for
several more concentration values between those two.

**Example #1 -- Calculations for actual one point quality checks**

Actual flow of gases through the system:

Zero air: 6.843 = 6.999.6 ccm; gaseous concentrations: 100 ccm = 98.05
ccm, 16.73 ccm = 13.63 ccm

Step 1: Zero air is run through the system to flush out any sample air
before beginning the precision check

Step 2: Zero air is mixed with a gas containing

X concentration of CO at a flow of 100 ccm:

10.07 ppm of CO resulting concentration of CO: 139.1 ppb

\[10.07 ppm x 98.05/ (98.05 + 6999.6)\] x 1000 = 139.1 ppb

X concentration of SO~2~ at a flow of 100 ccm:

13.13 ppm of SO~2~ resulting concentration of SO~2~: 181.4 ppb

\[13.13 ppm x 98.05/ (98.05 + 6999.6)\] x 1000 = 181.4 ppb - Over Range

X concentration of NO at a flow of 100 ccm:

10.26 ppm of NO resulting concentration of NO: 141.7 ppb

\[10.26 x 98.05/ (98.05 + 6999.6)\] x 1000 = 141.7 ppb - Over Range

Step 3: Zero air is mixed with a gas containing 13.13 ppm SO~2~ , 10.26
ppm NO, and 10.07 ppm CO resulting in 25.5 ppb of SO~2~ , 19.9 ppb NO,
and 19.6 ppb.

X concentration of CO at a flow of 16.73 ccm:

10.07 ppm of CO resulting concentration of CO: 19.6 ppb

\[10.07 ppm x 13.63./ (13.63 + 6999.6)\] x 1000 = 19.6 ppb - Under Range

X concentration of SO~2~ at a flow of 16.73 ccm

13.13 ppm of SO~2~ resulting concentration of SO~2~: 25.5

\[13.13 ppm x 13.63/ (13.63)+ 6999.6)\] x 1000 = 25.5 ppb

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X concentration of NO at a flow of 16.73 ccm

10.26 ppm of NO resulting concentration of NO: 19.9 ppb

\[10.26 ppm x 13.63/ (13.63)+ 6999.6)\] x 1000 = 19.9 ppb

Step 4: Zero air only is run through the system

+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Audit Level  |            | Co          |             |             |
|              |            | ncentration |             |             |
|              |            | Range, PPM  |             |             |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
|              | O~3~       | SO~2~,      | NO~2~       | CO          |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 1\...        | 0.02-0.05  | 0           | 0           | 0.08-0.10   |
| \...\...\... |            | .0003-0.005 | .0002-0.002 |             |
|              | 0.06-0.10  |             |             | 0.50-1.00   |
| 2\...        |            | 0.006-0.01  | 0.003-0.005 |             |
| \...\...\... | 0.11-0.20  |             |             | 1.50-4.00   |
|              |            | 0.02-0.10   | 0.006-0.10  |             |
| 3\...        | 0.21-0.30  |             |             | 5-15        |
| \...\...\... |            | 0.11-0.40   | 0.11-0.30   |             |
|              | 0.31-0.90  |             |             | 20-50       |
| 4\...        |            | 0.41-0.90   | 0.31-0.60   |             |
| \...\...\... |            |             |             |             |
|              |            |             |             |             |
| 5\...        |            |             |             |             |
| \...\...\... |            |             |             |             |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

**Table 1.0 Proposed Audit Levels, 40 CFR, Part 58 Appendix A, Section
3.2.2**

Example concentrations used for Multipoint Calibration

  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
  **CO**                  **SO~2~**               **NO/NO~y~**

                                                  

  421 ppb                 8.69 ppb                12.54 ppb

  855 ppb                 18.57 ppb               28.6 ppb

  1078 ppb                40.56 ppb               50.04 ppb

  2660 ppb                59.98 ppb               71.3 ppb

  2990 ppb                82.5 ppb                92.28 ppb

  3534 ppb                93.0 ppb                

  4081 ppb                                        
  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

**3.9.3.2 Performing the Multi-point Calibration**

1.From the READY screen, select **Concentration Mode** screen. This goes
into the MANUAL Mode of Calibrations. Calibrations will occur for each
analyzer and each point at a time. The cursor will appear at the first
TARGET GAS concentration.

2\. Enter the desired gas concentration in the TARGET GAS area by moving
the cursor using the arrows.

3\. Using the arrow keys, move to the TOTAL FLOW area and enter the
flow, 10 LPM

4\. Using the arrow keys, cursor to the OZONE area and enter desired
concentration if applicable for the pollutant needed for NO2

5\. Press START. This will initiate the blending of the gases to the
analyzer.

6\. Allow the analyzer to stabilize.

7\. Once stable, wait ten minutes, record the reading for that
concentration.

8\. Continue to the next concentration level repeating steps 1 through
5.

9\. The above steps can be automated by programming each step into a
Sequence and assigning a designated time to *Run.*

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**3.9.4 VERIFICATIONS -- Zero, Span and One Point Quality Checks**

These steps will assess and confirm the upper range of the multi-point
calibration, the zero base line and the ambient working range of the
instrument. The one point quality checks will determine both precision
and bias of the analyzers.

This step may be either automated to occur as directed or manually. If
performing a manual operation, follow the same procedure in *Section
3.9.3.2 Performing the Multi-Point Calibrations*.

To operate in AUTOMATIC Mode, it is first necessary to program the
**Sequences** and name the **Programs.**

**3.9.4.1 SET-UP A SEQUENCE** *Refer to Section 5.6.1 in the Environics
Series 9100 Manual*

> In this step, the steps necessary to automate the zero and span check
> will be set up. Below is an automated **Sequence** used in the
> project. Refer to **Example \# 1** for a detailed explanation of each
> step.

**Zero**

**Run Time Mode Port Air Flow (ccm) Gas (ccm) Total O~3~ Gas ID Conc.**

1 10 (min) Conc. 2 6.843 0.0 6.843 0.0 NO 0.0

2\. 20 Conc. 2 6.843 100 6.943 0.0 NO 0.142

3\. 20 Conc. 2 6.843 16.73 6.8597 0.0 NO 0.025

4\. 10 Conc. 2 6.843 0.0 6.843 0.0 NO 0.0

1\. From the **READY**, select **Program Mode (F4)**

2\. Once in **Program Mode**, select **Sequence** **(F2)**

3\. At the blank screen, the cursor is in the **RUNTIME** column

4\. Enter the desired run time for the first step Refer to Row 1 - 10
minutes

Note: If "0" is entered, the step will be skipped and not displayed.

Valid run times are 1 to 60 minutes.

Twenty lines (20) are available for programming one **SEQUENCE**

5\. Move the cursor to the **MODE** column. Using the function keys,
choose the appropriate MODE

Note: For zero, span, and precision checks use **Concentration (CONC)
Mode**

6\. Move the cursor to the **PORT** column; enter the desired span gas
port which has been established in section 3.9.2 (In this case, it is
not necessary to use Port 1. Using Port 2 and telling it not to send any
gas from port 2 serves the same purpose as using Port 1 only)

7\. Move to the **Total Flow** column and enter the desired flow.

8\. Move to the **Gas ID** column; when at this column, the GAS ID
should default to those provided in section 3.9.2

Note: **Gas ID** number refers to the order of gases entered in the
**MAINTAIN PORTS** screen.

9\. Move to **CONC** column; enter desired concentration for that gas.
Enter concentration in ppm.

Note: Moving cursor from column to column initiates a check to determine
if the value entered is legal. If the value is not possible, an Error
message is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

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Note: When using the **CONC MODE**, the calibrator will automatically
calculate the amount of gas needed to produce the required
concentration. It is considered Good Laboratory Practice to check to
determine calculations are correct. This can be a random check on one or
more of the calculations.

10\. Follow steps 3-9 for additional rows in the **Sequence.** Example 1
has four rows: zero, one point quality check - CO; one point quality
check -- NO and SO~2~, and a zero.

11\. After entering all steps in a specific sequence, **SAVE** **(F2)**
the **Sequence** in the Register. Use the function keys to type the name
of the **Sequence**. We'll call E**xample \# 1** PC-1 and saved as
sequence line number 01

12\. When the **SAVE** is complete, press EXIT (F8) to return to the
**Program Mode**

13\. Pressing EXIT again, returns to the **READY** screen.

**3.9.4.2** **SET-UP TIMER CONTROL** **(TIMER CTL)** *Section 5.6.2 in
the Environics Series 9100 Manual*

This is used to automate a number of sequences which allow for
automating zero, span and one-point quality checks.

1\. If this is the first set-up and no previous **Timer CTL** are stored
in the register, the cursor will be in the Sequence line and it will be
necessary to enter the desired sequence for the specific day(s) and time
(s) the **Timer CTL**

1\. From the **Main Menu**, select **Program Mode**

2\. From **Program Mode**, select **TIMER CTL**

3\. Go to the day you want a specific **Sequence** to Run.

4\. Select the **Sequence,** 01, to be run.

5\. Enter the time to start the **Sequence.** Once the time is entered,
the system will display the duration of the **Sequence** and calculate
the end time.

Note: Time is based on a 24 hour clock with 12:00 being noon and 24:00
being midnight. Entering 0:00 will cause the **Sequence** to be skipped
and will not be displayed; therefore must enter time as low as 00:01

Note: Three sequences per day may be entered for each day of the week.

6\. Once the desired sequences are in the desired order, press the
**SAVE (F2)** key.

7\. Enter the desired register number. A name may also be entered.

8\. Press EXIT (F8)

**3.9.4.3 RUN** **TIMER CTL**

1\. If a program has been previously saved press the RECALL (F3) key to
bring the program to the screen

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2\. Press the START (F1) key.

Note: The day and time of the next sequence will be displayed in the
lower right hand corner of the screen.

**3*.*9.4.4 Zero, Span, and One-Point Quality Checks**

1\. At the Concentration Mode, Manual Operation screen, enter the TARGET
GAS concentration for the desired gas. The system will determine the
actual flows for each port to achieve the requested gas
concentration(s). Remember: Port 1 is Zero Gas.

2\. Once the TARGET GAS concentrations have been set for the desired
gas, press the START (F1) key, to begin the operation.

Note: A similar process is to go to the FLOW MODE and enter the desired
flow. The Environics will calculate the actual concentration based on
the flow.

If the desire is to automate the zero, span and one point quality
checks, set-up a **Sequence** and SAVE the sequence. Then to Run the
**Sequence**, go to Timer Control and set the desired time to run your
**Sequence.** Below is an example of a **Sequence** set-up for
*Precision Checks* used in the testing program. *Refer to previous
sections **3.9.4.2** and **3.9.4.3***. Note: A tri-blend standard was
used in the testing process. An example of the gases used and the
concentrations are found on pages 8 and 9.

**3.9.4.5 Calibrator Automation**

A Data Acquisition System can control the running of a programmed
sequence. To use this function, the Environics calibrator must have the
optional status board. The INPUTS option provides the ability to trigger
various actions within the system. The OUTPUTS option will signal
external devices when certain operating conditions occur. In order for
the data acquisition system to run the calibrator, the INPUTS option is
needed.

1\. Using the key pad, press the STATUS SETUP -- INPUT soft key at the
**Main Menu** screen.

2\. At the INPUT screen add the desired function(s), **Sequence, Timer
Control**, etc to be run in the Status Line. The desired function(s) can
be chosen from the soft keys at the bottom of the screen.

3\. When the desired function(s) have been entered, select the EXIT soft
key returning to the **Main** **Menu** and the READY mode.

Note: the calibrator must be in the READY mode for the automation to
occur

For further detailed information on communications between the data
acquisition system, calibrator and analyzers, refer to the Data
Acquisition SOP.

**4.0 Quality Control and Quality Assurance**

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After confirming the flows through the calibrator, a multi-point
calibration for each analyzer should be performed. A different certified
gas cylinder should be used other than the cylinder used for span and
precision check gas.

Operating the MFC below 10% of its rated full-scale flow may result in
flow inaccuracies.

The system may produce gas blends that fall outside the accuracy
specifications of the system if the gas pressures do not stay within the
ranges specified for each gas port.

  ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ -----------------
  **MQO Table for                                         
  Environics 9100                                         
  Calibrator**                                            

  Criteria           Acceptable Range  Minimum Frequency  Reference

                                                          

  Mass Flow                                               
  Controllers                                             

  Zero Air Source                                         
  ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ -----------------

The operator of the system should not be the same person who performs
the multi-point calibrations, but in the case of the Trace Gas
Analyzers, it could be.

**5.0 References**

1.40 CFR Part 58, Appendix A

2\. Environics Series 9100 Computerized Ambient Monitoring Calibration
System, Operating Manual, Revision 6, October 1999