![](media/image1.png){width="1.125in" height="1.0819444444444444in"}
**UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY**

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

Office Of

Prevention, Pesticides

And Toxic Substances

**[MEMORANDUM]{.underline}**

Date: April 21, 2006

Subject: Carbaryl: Data Evaluation Record For MRID 466739-01; Sevin 2G -
Determination of Transferable Residues From Turf; PC Code 056801; DP
Barcode 323247

From: Jeffrey L. Dawson, Chemist

> Reregistration Branch 1
>
> Health Effects Division (MC 7509C)

Through: Whang Phang, Branch Senior Scientist

> Reregistration Branch 1
>
> Health Effects Division (MC 7509C)

To: Christina Scheltema

Chemical Review Manager

Special Review & Reregistration Division

This document serves as the data evaluation record for the combined
carbaryl granular turf transferable residue (TTR) dissipation and hand
press study. The primary review was conducted by Versar, Inc. under task
order 11.1399.1007.001 (TAF# 5-1-25). The primary reviewers were Teri
Schaeffer and Susan Anderson, and the primary review was finalized on
April 4, 2006. Some of the elements of the primary review were modified
during the secondary review completed at the Agency as warranted. The
Agency concurs with the elements presented in the attached primary
review. In this study, handpress sampling of residues from treated turf
were collected; these residue values can be used to estimate exposures
from the mouthing behaviors of children. The hand press method involves
intentional human contact with treated residues and, as such, the review
process under the current Agency policy for involving subjects in
research was followed. \[See http://www.epa.gov/osa/hsrb/ for further
information.\] All results of this process are addressed separately and
should be referred to when the results of the handpress elements of this
study are considered for risk assessment purposes.

The results indicate that turf transferable levels on the day of
application ranged from 0.04 to 0.29 µg/cm^2^ when plots were irrigated
and from 0.16 to 0.55 µg/cm^2^ when plots were not irrigated. TTR
samples were collected using the modified California roller technique.
Trends in the handpress results were similar. Handpress samples were
collected from irrigated and non-irrigated plots using wet or dry hands.
For the irrigated plots, handpress-based transferable levels on the day
of application were 0.06 and 0.08 µg/cm^2^ for dry and wet hands,
respectively. When plots were not irrigated, handpress-based
transferable levels on the day of application were 0.24 and 0.58
µg/cm^2^ for dry and wet hands, respectively. The percent
transferability for all sites and methods on the day of application was
less than 1 percent of the application rate in all cases, regardless of
sampling method (i.e., 0.05 to 0.66 percent). Residues also dissipated
quickly in all cases. Half lives were calculated based on TTR data and
ranged from 0.76 to 2.4 days for non-irrigated plots and 1.23 to 1.35
days for the irrigated plots. The key consideration in the
interpretation of the data from this study is that significant rainfall
and also irrigation water was added to the turf at various sites.
Irrigation water (i.e., between 0.30 and 0.50 inches) was applied
immediately after application. Natural rainfall also occurred at the
Kansas and Florida sites, none was observed in California. In Kansas,
the first rainfall (0.35 inches) occurred prior to the 24 hour sample
and 3.46 inches total occurred over the entire study. In Florida, the
first rainfall (0.16 inches) occurred prior to the 3 day sample and 2.48
inches occurred in total.

**Reviewer: [Teri Schaeffer /Susan Anderson]{.underline} Date [April, 4,
2006]{.underline}**

**[STUDY TYPE]{.underline}:** Determination of Transferable Turf Residue
Dissipation from Turf Treated with SEVIN® 2G

**[TEST MATERIAL]{.underline}:** SEVIN® 2G is a wettable granule
formulation containing 2.0% (w/w) carbaryl as the formulated active
ingredient.

**[SYNONYMS]{.underline}:** The IUPAC and CAS chemical name for carbaryl
is 1-Naphthylenyl methylcarbamate. The CAS number for carbaryl is
63-25-2.

**[CITATION]{.underline}:** Author: M.E. Krolski, Study Director

Title: *SEVIN 2G - Determination of Transferable Residues on Turf*

Report Date: September 30, 2005

Testing Facility: Bayer CropScience

Environmental Research

Bayer Research Park

17745 South Metcalf Avenue

Stilwell, KS 66085-9104

and

Grayson Research LLC

10 Barkridge Ct.

Durham, NC 27713

Analytical Laboratory: ABC Laboratories, Inc.

7200 E. ABC Lane

Columbia, MO 65202

Identifying Codes: Bayer Study Number CA25TF01; Bayer PSI/Report Number
RACAX015; MRID 46673901; Unpublished

**[SPONSOR]{.underline}:** Bayer CropScience

2 T.W. Alexander Drive

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709

**[EXECUTIVE SUMMARY]{.underline}:** []{.mark}

[]{.mark}

This study was designed to determine transferable residues of carbaryl
from both irrigated and non-irrigated turf treated with SEVIN® 2G at a
target application rate of 9 lb formulated product/1000ft^2^ (0.18 lb
ai/1000ft^2^), equating to or 392 lb formulated product per acre (7.84
lb ai/A). The field trials were conducted at three locations: Molino, FL
(EPA Region 3), Stilwell, KS (EPA Region 5), and Fresno, CA (EPA Region
10). SEVIN™ 2G, formulated as wettable granules containing 2.0% active
ingredient (ai) carbaryl, was applied once to each plot using a drop
spreader. Transferable residues were measured using the modified
California roller method for turf transferable residues (TTR) and also a
hand press method in order to provide values which can be used to assess
exposures from the mouthing behaviors of children. \[Note: The hand
press method involves human contact with treated residues and, as such,
the review process under the current Agency policy for involving
subjects in research was followed. See http://www.epa.gov/osa/hsrb/ for
further information.\] TTR samples were collected at all sites while
hand press samples were collected only at the Kansas site. Triplicate
TTR samples were collected prior to application, immediately after
application, 4 hours after, 10 hours after, and 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days
after treatment (DAT). Dry and moist hand press samples were collected
from both the irrigated and non-irrigated plots at the Stilwell, KS test
site immediately after the application and 5 days after application to
measure the potential transfer of carbaryl residues via hand contact
with the treated turf. Irrigation water (i.e., between 0.30 and 0.50
inches) was applied immediately after application was complete to the
appropriate sites. Natural rainfall also occurred at the Kansas and
Florida sites, none was observed in California. In Kansas, the first
rainfall (0.35 inches) occurred prior to the 24 hour sample and 3.46
inches total occurred over the entire study. In Florida, the first
rainfall (0.16 inches) occurred prior to the 3 day sample and 2.48
inches total occurred over the entire study.

Estimated half-life values were 0.836 days (R^2^=0.81) for carbaryl TTRs
from the non-irrigated Florida plot and 1.23 days (R^2^=0.61) from the
irrigated Florida plot. At the Kansas site, the estimated TTR half-life
values were 0.764 days (R^2^=0.68) from the non-irrigated plot and 1.35
days (R^2^=0.54) from the irrigated plot. At the California site,
estimated TTR half-life values were 1.23 days (R^2^=0.62) from the
non-irrigated plot and 2.40 days (R^2^=0.34) from the irrigated plot.
For the irrigated plots, the percent of the target application rate of
carbaryl transferred to the cloth dosimeters immediately after
application ranged from 0.05% to 0.33% with an average of 0.14%. For the
non-irrigated plots, the percent of the target application rate of
carbaryl transferred to the cloth dosimeters immediately after
application ranged from 0.19% to 0.6% with an average of 0.44%.
Initially, carbaryl TTRs were lower in samples from the irrigated plots
than from corresponding samples collected from the non-irrigated plots.
Measured carbaryl residues rapidly declined over the first 4 hours and
then levelled off or rose slightly after 12 hours. By the 24-hour
sampling interval, the residues declined to approximately 10 percent of
the corresponding 0-time residue value and then steadily dropped to
below 1.0 percent of the corresponding 0-time residue values by 3 to 5
days after treatment.

Similarly, the initial carbaryl residues from both the dry and moist
hand press samples were considerably lower in the hand press samples
collected from the irrigated plot compared to the hand press samples
collected from the non-irrigated plot. For both non-irrigated and
irrigated plots, hand wipes from moist hand presses had approximately
twice the carbaryl residues as those from the corresponding dry hand
presses. All hand press samples collected 5 days after treatment had
residues below the LOQ (0.00204 g/cm^2^). At the first post application
collection immediately after application, the percent of the applied
carbaryl (i.e., 88 ug/cm^2^) which transferred to hand presses from the
irrigated plot ranged from 0.07% to 0.09% for the dry and moist hand
wipes, respectively. Similarly, the percent of the original applied
carbaryl (i.e., 88 ug/cm^2^) which transferred to hand presses from the
non-irrigated plot ranged from 0.27% for dry hand presses to 0.66% for
moist hand presses.

[]{.mark}

This study met most of the Series 875, Group B:875.2100 Guidelines. None
of the issues which were identified in this review preclude the use of
this study for risk assessment purposes. However, some should be
considered as having a direct impact on measured results (e.g.,
rainfall) which should be carefully considered when using the results of
this study for assessment purposes. The issues which were identified
include:

[]{.mark}

\(1\) At the Kansas and Florida sites, significant rainfall was noted
throughout the course of the study (i.e., 2.48" total in Florida and
3.46" in Kansas with 0.35 inches of rain falling on the day of
application Kansas - but the Kansas rainfall did not impact residue
levels until the 24 hour sample), rain also prevented sampling at the 48
hour interval;

\(2\) Field fortification recoveries extracted using 100% acetonitrile
ranged from 41% to 42% with an overall average percent recovery of 42% ±
0.7% while field fortification recoveries extracted using 10% MeOH/ACN
ranged from 40% to 103% with an overall average percent recovery of 79%
± 17.7%. Samples analyzed with 100 percent acetonitrile have more
uncertainty associated with them than do samples analyzed with the
methanol mixture. The generally accepted recovery range is 70 to 120%
with a standard deviation of less than 30%;

\(3\) Meteorological conditions including temperature, wind speed, daily
rainfall, and humidity were not provided for the duration of the study;

\(4\) No mention was made of calibrating the application equipment; and

[]{.mark}

\(5\) Actual application rates for plots 2GIR and 2G at the Kansas test
site were 122% and 125% of the target application rate, respectively.

**[COMPLIANCE]{.underline}:** Signed and dated GLP, Quality Assurance,
and Data Confidentiality statements were provided. The study sponsor
waived claims of confidentiality within the scope of FIFRA Section 10
(d) (1) (A), (B), or (C). The Study Report indicated that the study was
conducted under EPA Good Laboratory Practice Standards (40 CFR Part
160), with the following exceptions: (1) weather data were not collected
according to GLP; (2) application of maintenance chemicals were not
performed under GLP; (3) pesticide history data were not collected
according to GLP; (4) irrigation records were not kept according to GLP;
and (5) cultural practices were not collected under GLP. According to
the study author, these GLP deviations did not compromise the scientific
integrity of the study.

**[CONCURRENT EXPOSURE STUDY?:]{.underline}** No

**[GUIDELINE OR PROTOCOL FOLLOWED]{.underline}**: This study was
conducted according to Bayer CropScience's approved protocol number
CA25TF01 and OPPTS' Series 875, Occupational and Residential Exposure
Test Guidelines, Group B: Post-application Exposure Monitoring Test
Guidelines, 875.2100, Transferable Residue Dissipation, Lawn and Turf. A
compliance checklist is provided in Appendix A -- note that the major
issues were described above in the executive summary.

**I. MATERIALS AND METHODS**

**A. [MATERIALS]{.underline}**

**1. [Test Material: ]{.underline}**

Formulation: SEVIN® 2G is a wettable granule formulation containing 2.0%
(w/w) carbaryl as the active ingredient.

Lot #: A403107 and A404116 (formulated product)

0725200203 (vial number for analytical standard)

Formulation guarantee: The GLP analysis for the formulated test products
stated that the formulations contained 1.91% ai for lot number A403107
(expiration date of 10/27/06) and 2.11% ai for lot number A404116
(expiration date of 7/8/06). The GLP analysis of the analytical standard
reported a purity of 99.8% (expires 11/13/06).

CAS #(s): 63-25-2

**2. [Relevance of Test Material to Proposed
Formulation(s):]{.underline}**

According to the Study Report, the test product sent to the field site
was SEVIN® 2G, containing 2% carbaryl as the active ingredient, and the
application rate for the formulated product was 9 lb/1000 ft^2^. The
label which closest resembles the product name is for called SEVIN® 2%
Granular Insecticide (EPA Reg. Number 769-976). The maximum label
recommended application rate for this product is 10.5 lbs/1000 ft^2^.
The second applicable label is for a product called SEVIN® Grub Killer
Granules (2% SEVIN). The EPA Reg. Number for this product is 432-1212.
The maximum label recommended application rate for this product is 9
lb/1000 ft^2^.

**B. [STUDY DESIGN]{.underline}**

The approved study protocol was provided in the study. The Study Report
lists two amendments to, and five deviations from the study protocol.
The amendments involved: (1) termination of Trial CA002-03D due to an
application error (Trial CA002-03DA was the replacement trial) and (2)
providing information for the test site locations and identifying the
Principal Field Investigator's for each location. The deviations
involved: (1) actual application rates for plots 2GIR and 2G at test
site CA002-03DA were 122% and 125% of the target application rate,
respectively; (2) Standard Masses were to be selected in the range of
the chemicals to be weighed but the largest Standard Mass available was
2 kg and the chemical was weighed out to 6.81 kg at the CA002-03DA
trial; (3) rain prevented sampling at the 48 hour sampling interval at
the CA002-03DA trial; (4) post application samples were to be collected
no later than 2 hours of the application, however at the CA002-03DA
trial the turf was very wet after irrigation. The post application
samples were collected 2 hours and 45 minutes after the application; and
(5) at trial CA003-03D the post application samples for the 2GIR plot
were collected between 2 hours, 40 minutes and 2 hours, 50 minutes after
the application due to the turf being wet after irrigation. The study
author did not comment on the effects these deviations had on the study.

[]{.mark}

**1. [Site Description]{.underline}**

Test locations: The field portion of the study was conducted at three
locations: Molino, FL (Trial CA001-03D, EPA Region 3), Stilwell, KS
(Trial CA002-3DA, EPA Region 5), and Fresno, CA (Trial CA003-03D, EPA
Region 10). Trial CA002-3DA at the Stilwell, KS location is a
replacement for Trial CA002-03D, which was terminated due to application
rate errors.

[]{.mark}

Areas sprayed and sampled: Two plots were established at each location
and each plot was divided into three subplots for sampling purposes. One
plot was used for the non-irrigated application (identified as plot 2G)
and the second plot was used for the irrigated application (identified
as plot 2GIR). The control samples were collected from each plot prior
to the application.

[Florida]{.underline} - Both the non-irrigated and irrigated test plots
measured 3 ft wide by 98.4 ft long (0.0068 acres).

[Kansas]{.underline} - There were four established plots at this test
site to collect cloth dosimeters and hand press samples. Two plots were
used for the non-irrigated applications (identified as plots C2G and 2G)
and the remaining two plots were used for the irrigated applications
(identified as plots C2GIR and 2GIR). Each of the four test plots
measured 12.1 ft wide by 100 ft long (0.0278 acres).

[California]{.underline} - Both the non-irrigated and irrigated test
plots measured 8.99 ft wide by 115 ft long (0.0237 acres).

[]{.mark}

Meteorological Data: The Study Report provided limited meteorological
data for each of the test sites. The Report identified a range of
temperatures, total rainfall and total irrigation applied for the
interval from the application date out to the date of the last sampling
event. The Study Report did not provide relative humidity, wind speed,
wind direction and daily rainfall measurements for any of the test
sites. It is not certain where the meteorological data provided in the
Study Report for each site were collected. However, the Study Report
stated that the closest government weather station to the Florida site
was NOAA 086997 in Pensacola, Florida. The closest government weather
stations to the Kansas and California sites were NO 145972 in Olathe,
Kansas and NO 043257 at the Fresno Yosemite Intl. Airport in Fresno,
California, respectively. The meteorological data collected during this
study period are provided in Table 1.

+---------+----------+---------+---------+---------+--------+--------+
| T       |          |         |         |         |        |        |
| able 1. |          |         |         |         |        |        |
| Meteoro |          |         |         |         |        |        |
| logical |          |         |         |         |        |        |
| Data at |          |         |         |         |        |        |
| Study   |          |         |         |         |        |        |
| S       |          |         |         |         |        |        |
| ites^a^ |          |         |         |         |        |        |
+---------+----------+---------+---------+---------+--------+--------+
| Test    | Trial    | Appl    | Temp    | R       | Total  | Total  |
| Site    | Number   | ication | erature | ainfall | Ra     | Irri   |
|         |          | Date    |         | within  | infall | gation |
|         |          |         | Range   | 24 Hrs  |        |        |
|         |          |         |         | of      | (i     | (i     |
|         |          |         | (^o^F)  | Appl    | nches) | nches) |
|         |          |         |         | ication |        |        |
|         |          |         |         |         |        |        |
|         |          |         |         | (       |        |        |
|         |          |         |         | inches) |        |        |
+---------+----------+---------+---------+---------+--------+--------+
| Florida | C        | 1       | 50 --79 | 0.0     | 2.48   | 0.5    |
|         | A001-03D | 1/16/04 |         |         |        |        |
+---------+----------+---------+---------+---------+--------+--------+
| Kansas  | CA       | 7/22/04 | 56 --   | 0.35    | 3.46   | 0.3    |
|         | 002-03DA |         | 90      |         |        |        |
+---------+----------+---------+---------+---------+--------+--------+
| Cal     | C        | 8/17/04 | 63 -    | 0.0     | 0.0    | 0.48   |
| ifornia | A003-03D |         | 102     |         |        |        |
+---------+----------+---------+---------+---------+--------+--------+

> a Data is for interval from date of application to last sampling. The
> amount of water on the treated plots is the key issue with
> characterizing the residue levels from this study. Irrigation water
> (i.e., between 0.30 and 0.50 inches) was applied immediately after
> application was complete to the appropriate sites. Natural rainfall
> also occurred at the Kansas and Florida sites, none was observed in
> California. In Kansas, the first rainfall (0.35 inches) occurred prior
> to the 24 hour sample and 3.46 inches total occurred over the entire
> study. In Florida, the first rainfall (0.16 inches) occurred prior to
> the 3 day sample and 2.48 inches total occurred over the entire study.

**2. [Surface Monitored:]{.underline}**

[]{.mark}

Turf Species: [Florida]{.underline} - The turf variety used was St.
Augustine. The turf grass at this site was planted in March of 1999.

[Kansas]{.underline} - The turf variety used was Fescue. The Study
Report did not provide information on when the turf grass was planted at
this test location.

[California]{.underline} - The turf variety used was Bermuda. The turf
grass at this site was planted in March of 2004.

Residential or Public Area: All of the treated plots were located at
research facilities simulating residential use. The formulation is
intended for use on residential turf.

Other relevant **c**haracteristics: According to the Study Report, all
three field trials were conducted on established turf mowed to a height
of approximately 2 inches (5 cm) at least 48 hours prior to the
application. The grass clippings were removed from the plots at the time
of the last mowing. The plots were not mowed again until after the last
sampling interval. Immediately following application, the 2GIR and C2GIR
plots were irrigated with 0.25 to 0.50 inches of water. Typical
agronomic practices specific to the location of each test site were used
for growing and maintaining the turf.

[]{.mark}

Other products used on turf

(treated plot): [Florida]{.underline} - No maintenance chemicals were
applied to the treated plots during the study period. Fertilizer
(27-3-14) was applied to the test plots prior to study initiation on
June 1, 2004 at an application rate of 100 kg/ha. Another fertilizer
(30-3-4) was applied at a rate of 100 kg/ha but the date of the
application was not provided. Historical pesticide use data were
provided on page 77 of the Study Report for the year 2004. A crop
history for the test plots was not provided in the Study Report.

[Kansas]{.underline} - No maintenance chemicals or fertilizers were
applied to the treated plots during the study period. Historical
pesticide use data were provided on page 83 of the Study Report for the
years 2001 through 2003. A crop history for the test plots was not
provided in the Study Report.

[California]{.underline} - No maintenance chemicals or fertilizers were
applied to the treated plots during the study period. Historical
pesticide use data were provided on page 87 of the Study Report for the
years 1999 through 2003. A crop history for the test plots was not
provided in the Study Report.

[]{.mark}

**3. [Physical State of Formulation as Applied:]{.underline}**

The physical state of the applied product was a wettable granular
formulation.

**4. [Application Rates and Regimes:]{.underline}**

[]{.mark}

Residential or Commercial Applicator: The turf was cultured and
maintained according to accepted local residential practices.

[]{.mark}

Application rate: A single application was performed on each test plot
at each test site. The target application rate was 0.18 lb ai/1000 ft^2^
or 8.8 kg ai/ha (9 lb ai/A) for each of the test plots. Table 2 provides
a summary of the actual application rates for each of the plots at each
location. The actual application rates for the three test sites ranged
from 91% to 123% of the target application rate.

+------------+--------+----------------+-----------+-----------------+
| Table 2.   |        |                |           |                 |
| Actual     |        |                |           |                 |
| A          |        |                |           |                 |
| pplication |        |                |           |                 |
| Rates for  |        |                |           |                 |
| Each Test  |        |                |           |                 |
| Plot at    |        |                |           |                 |
| Each Test  |        |                |           |                 |
| Location   |        |                |           |                 |
+------------+--------+----------------+-----------+-----------------+
| Location   | Plot   | Actual         | Actual    | Percentage of   |
|            | ID     | Application    | Ap        | Target          |
|            |        | Rate           | plication | Application     |
|            |        |                | Rate      | Rate (%)        |
|            |        | (kg            |           |                 |
|            |        | product/ha)    | (lb ai/A) |                 |
+------------+--------+----------------+-----------+-----------------+
| Florida    | 2G     | 428            | 7.64      | 97              |
+------------+--------+----------------+-----------+-----------------+
|            | C2GIR  | 398            | 7.10      | 91              |
+------------+--------+----------------+-----------+-----------------+
| Kansas     | 2G^a^  | 530            | 9.46      | 121             |
+------------+--------+----------------+-----------+-----------------+
|            | C2     | 542            | 9.67      | 123             |
|            | GIR^b^ |                |           |                 |
+------------+--------+----------------+-----------+-----------------+
| California | 2G     | 440            | 7.85      | 100             |
+------------+--------+----------------+-----------+-----------------+
|            | 2GIR   | 449            | 8.01      | 102             |
+------------+--------+----------------+-----------+-----------------+

a Kansas plot ID 2G takes into account both non-irrigated plots (cloth
dosimeter and hand press samples)

b Kansas plot ID C2GIR takes into account both irrigated plots (cloth
dosimeter and hand press samples)

[]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

Application Regime: [Florida]{.underline} - Broadcast applications were
made to both the non-irrigated and irrigated plots on November 16, 2004.

[Kansas]{.underline} - Broadcast applications were made to both the
non-irrigated and irrigated plots used for both the cloth dosimeter and
hand press studies on July 22, 2004.

[California]{.underline} - Broadcast applications were made to both the
non-irrigated and irrigated plots on August 17, 2004.

Application Equipment: [Florida]{.underline} - Applications were made
using a Lesco drop spreader.

[Kansas]{.underline} - Applications were made using a Lesco 36 inch drop
spreader.

[California]{.underline} - Applications were made using a Gandy 36 inch
adjustable drop spreader.

Spray Volume: Not applicable because the test product was applied as a
dry granule. []{.mark}

[]{.mark}

Equipment Calibration Procedures: The Study Report made no mention of
calibrating the application equipment.

Was application "watered in"? The Florida and California test sites had
two established turf plots. The application was watered in for one plot
and not for the second plot. The Kansas test site had two plots with
which the application was watered in and two plots with which the
application was not watered in.

Was total deposition measured? No

**5. [Transferable Residue Sampling Procedures:]{.underline}**

[]{.mark}

Method and Equipment: [TTR]{.underline}**:** Cloth dosimeter samples
were collected from both the non-irrigated and irrigated plots using the
modified California Roller Technique, which has been approved by the
Outdoor Residential Exposure Task Force (ORETF). This technique involves
the use of a 32 lb roller and a cloth dosimeter backed by a heavy gauge
plastic sheet inside a rigid frame. Nails were used to secure the frame
to the turf at all four corners. The cloth media used in the study was
100% cotton sheeting (200 thread count).

[]{.mark}

[Hand Press Samples]{.underline}: At the Kansas site dry and moist hand
press samples were also collected from both the non-irrigated and
irrigated plots (these two plots were set aside for just hand press
sample collections). Hands were moistened using a spray bottle
application of 0.3 mL of water to the palm. A template with seven square
cutouts (7 cm x 7 cm) was placed to make sure that each hand press was
done in a new location. Gauze pads moistened with 5 mL of 0.01% Aerosol
OT were used to wipe the residues from both the dry hand press and moist
hand press palms after they were in contact with the treated turf.

> []{.mark}

Sampling Procedure: [TTR]{.underline}: Cloth samples cut into 27 x 39
inch pieces backed with a similar sized piece of plastic and clamped
into a modified California roller frame. The frame was placed on a plot
section to be sampled and held in place with nails in the corners of the
frame. A 32 lb roller was then pushed back and forth five times over the
plastic backing.

[Hand Press Samples]{.underline}: Ten volunteers were used to collect
the hand press samples. The volunteers thoroughly washed his/her hands
with soap and water followed by thorough towel and air-drying
immediately prior to collection of the hand press samples. One set of
hand presses was dry and the other set was water-moistened with
approximately 0.3 mL of water applied from a spray bottle immediately
prior to sampling. Each hand was placed in contact with the turf seven
times with a pressure of approximately 17 lb for approximately 6 seconds
each time. Each of the seven hand presses was done in a new location on
the turf plot, using a template with seven square cutouts (7 cm x 7 cm),
so that undisturbed treated turf was contacted each time. The hand press
contact area was 49 cm^2^. Once the hand press was complete, any debris
or granules seen adhering to the hands was carefully removed using
tweezers or forceps. The test palm was then wiped twice in succession,
each time with one package of two gauze pads moistened with 5 mL of
0.01% Aerosol OT solution. The four gauze pads were combined as one
sample.

Surface area(s) sampled: The area of the cloth dosimeters which came in
contact with the treated turf when placed in the sampling frame was 24.5
inches by 36 inches (5,690 cm^2^).

The hand press contact area was 49 cm^2^, and the cumulative turf
contact area for the seven hand presses was 343 cm^2^. The value of 49
cm^2^ was used to normalize all results.

[]{.mark}

Replicates per surface:

> \- Replicates per sampling time: Triplicate cloth dosimeter samples
> were collected from each plot at each sampling interval.
>
> Ten dry and ten moist hand press samples were collected from each plot
> at each sampling interval.

\- Number of sampling times: There were 8 cloth dosimeter sampling
intervals (7 sampling intervals occurred after the application) for each
plot (non-irrigated and irrigated).

There were three hand press sampling intervals for each type of hand
press (dry and moist) and each treated plot (non-irrigated and
irrigated). Samples were collected at the Kansas site.

Times of sampling after application: Cloth dosimeter sampling for the
non-irrigated plots occurred at the following sampling intervals:
pre-application (control samples), immediately after application
(0-time), and 4, 12, and 24 hours, and 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after
application. Cloth dosimeter sampling intervals for the irrigated plots
occurred as follows: pre-application (control samples), as soon as the
turf surface was dry following post-application irrigation (0-time), and
4, 12, 24 hours and 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after application. No samples
were collected at the Kansas test site for the 48-hour sampling interval
due to inclement weather.

Dry and moist hand press samples were collected from the non-irrigated
and irrigated plots pre-application (control samples), immediately after
application (0-time) and 120 hours (5 days) after application.

**6. [Sample Handling:]{.underline}**

[]{.mark}

After sampling, the cotton sheeting samples were shaken to remove any
pieces of grass or other debris and then folded so that the side exposed
to the turf during sampling was folded inward. The folded cotton samples
were then placed into two nestled ziplock bags. The labeled bags were
placed either into a cooler with dry ice for temporary storage or
directly transferred into a freezer. Each gauze pad sample for the hand
press samples was placed in a pre-labeled amber glass jar with a
Teflon-coated lid. The lid was closed and sealed with electrical tape
and the sealed jar was immediately placed in a cooler with dry ice for
temporary storage. All of the samples (cloth dosimeters and gauze pads)
were stored frozen within 4 hours after collection and remained in
frozen storage until analyzed. The samples were shipped to Analytical
Bio-Chemistry Laboratories, Inc. (ABC Labs) in Columbia, MO to be
analyzed. The field portion of the study was conducted between July 22,
2004 and November 23, 2004. All analyses were conducted at ABC Labs
between November 17, 2004 and January 19, 2005.

**7. [Analytical Methodology:]{.underline}**

[]{.mark}

Extraction method: Residues of carbaryl were extracted from cloth
samples by shaking the dosimeter in a one-gallon glass jar with 1000 mL
of acetonitrile or in later extraction sets a 10% methanol / 90%
acetonitrile extraction solvent was used. Following 30 minutes of
shaking, a 250 mL aliquot was removed and transferred to a flat bottom
flask where the extraction solvent was evaporated to dryness using a
warm water bath set at 35 to 40 ^o^C. The residue was reconstituted
using a 60% methanol / 40% water solution with 2 mL/L of 10% phosphoric
acid added. Carbaryl was quantitated by high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) analysis with post-column hydrolysis and
fluorescence detection.

Residues of carbaryl were extracted from hand wipe (gauze pads) by
shaking twice with 100 mL of acetone. The extracts were combined after
passing through a funnel of sodium sulfate. The acetone extract was
evaporated to dryness using rotary evaporation on a warm water bath set
at 30 to 35 ^o^C. The final extract was reconstituted in methanol with
sonication and swirling. Sufficient water was added to the methanolic
solution to yield a solution that was 60% methanol and 40% water.
Carbaryl was quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) analysis with post-column hydrolysis and fluorescence detection.

[]{.mark}

Detection methods: See Table 3

+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Table 3. Summary of     |                                            |
| HPLC Operating          |                                            |
| Conditions              |                                            |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Instrument              | Controller: Shimadzu SCL-10A               |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Pump                    | Shimadzu LC-10AT                           |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Injector                | Shimadzu SIL-10A 1623-682A                 |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Column                  | Zorbax SB-C18 150 x 4.6 mm (dosimeters)    |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | Phenomenex Luna 3 μ Phenyl Hexyl 100 x 4.6 |
|                         | mm (hand wipes)                            |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Column Temperature      | 40^o^C                                     |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Mobile Phase            | 60% MeOH / 40% Water                       |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | Start Time: 0.01 min                       |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | Stop Time: 12 min                          |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Flow Rate               | 1 mL/min                                   |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Injection Volume        | 70 L                                       |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Post Column Reaction    | Pump: Shimadzu SPD-6A                      |
| System                  |                                            |
|                         | Flow Rate: 0.1 mL/min                      |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | Solution: 0.5 N NaOH                       |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | Column Heater: Timberline HPLC Column Oven |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | Temperature: 100 ^o^C                      |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Fluorescence Detector   | Shimadzu RF-10AXL                          |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | Ex λ = 330 nm Em λ = 465                   |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+

[]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

Method validation: The method for determining carbaryl residue on the
cloth dosimeters was validated by measuring the carbaryl residue
recoveries from control samples fortified in the laboratory with 1 μg, 5
μg, and 50 μg carbaryl using 100% acetonitrile as the extraction
solvent. The carbaryl recoveries with this extraction solvent ranged
from 72.4% to 85.6% with an overall average recovery of 80.8% ± 3.30%.
Additional cloth dosimeter control samples were fortified in the
laboratory with 1 μg, 50 μg, 500 μg, and 6,500 μg carbaryl using 10%
methanol / 90% acetonitrile as the extraction solvent. Carbaryl
recoveries with this extraction solvent ranged from 75.8% to 109% with
an overall average recovery of 90.7% ± 7.77%.

[]{.mark}

The method for determining carbaryl residue on hand wipes was validated
by measuring the carbaryl residue recoveries from control samples
fortified in the laboratory with 0.1 μg, 5 μg, and 50 μg carbaryl.
Carbaryl recoveries the hand press samples ranged from 83.0% to 103%
with an overall average recovery of 90.0% ± 5.85%.

Instrument performance and calibration: Six calibration standards
ranging from 0.01 g/mL to 0.50 g/mL were used to generate a calibration
curve for the cloth dosimeters and the hand press samples. The
correlation coefficients were greater than 0.999 for both the cloth
dosimeter and hand wipe samples.

[]{.mark}

Quantification: Quantitation of all samples was achieved using
calibration curves calculated by linear regression of instrument
responses for the reference substance, carbaryl, at multiple
concentrations. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for carbaryl extracted
from cotton cloth was 1.0 g/sample (0.00018 g/cm^2^). The limit of
quantitation (LOQ) for carbaryl extracted from hand press samples (gauze
pads) was 0.10 g/sample (0.00204 g/cm^2^). The limit of detection (LOD)
values for carbaryl residues in cloth dosimeters and hand wipes were
0.106 g (0.00002 g/cm^2^) and 0.007 g (0.00014 g/cm^2^), respectively.

[]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

**8. [Quality Control:]{.underline}**

[]{.mark}

Lab Recovery: Laboratory fortification samples for both the cloth
dosimeters and hand press samples were measured during sample analysis
to verify method performance. In the first set of cloth dosimeters one
dosimeter was fortified in the laboratory with 1 g and a second cloth
dosimeter was fortified with 50 g using 100% ACN as the solvent. Another
set of cloth dosimeters were fortified in the laboratory with 1 g, 5 g,
50 g and 500 g carbaryl in a 10% MeOH/ACN solution. Laboratory recovery
values for the cloth dosimeters ranged from 72.1% to 105%. The overall
mean recovery for the 10% MeOH/ACN fortification solution was 87.4% ±
8.99% (n=15). The hand press samples were fortified in the laboratory
with 0.1 g, 5 g and 50 g carbaryl. Laboratory recovery values for the
moist hand press samples ranged from 80.9% to 97.4%. The overall mean
recovery was 88.0% ± 7.32% (n=6). Laboratory recovery values for the dry
hand press samples ranged from 88.8% to 107%. The overall mean recovery
was 96.3% ± 6.23% (n=6). There were no residues above the LOQ (0.00204
g/cm^2^) in the laboratory control samples. A summary of the data is
provided in Table 4.

+------------------+--------------+------------+--------+--------+----+
| Table 4. Summary |              |            |        |        |    |
| of Concurrent    |              |            |        |        |    |
| Laboratory       |              |            |        |        |    |
| Recoveries       |              |            |        |        |    |
+==================+==============+============+========+========+====+
| Matrix           | F            | Avg        | O      | Std.   | n  |
|                  | ortification | Recovery   | verall | Dev.   |    |
|                  | Level (μg)   |            | Avg    |        |    |
|                  |              | (%)        | (%)    |        |    |
+------------------+--------------+------------+--------+--------+----+
| Cloth Dosimeters | 1.00         | 77.7^a^    | 74.9   | NA     | 2  |
| (100% ACN)       |              |            |        |        |    |
+------------------+--------------+------------+--------+--------+----+
|                  | 50.0         | 72.1 ^a^   |        |        |    |
+------------------+--------------+------------+--------+--------+----+
| Cloth Dosimeters | 1.00         | 84.1       | 87.4   | 8.99   | 15 |
| (10% MeOH/ACN)   |              |            |        |        |    |
+------------------+--------------+------------+--------+--------+----+
|                  | 50.0         | 90.2       |        |        |    |
+------------------+--------------+------------+--------+--------+----+
| Hand Wipes       | 0.100        | 88.1       | 88.0   | 7.32   | 6  |
|                  |              |            |        |        |    |
| (moist)          |              |            |        |        |    |
+------------------+--------------+------------+--------+--------+----+
|                  | 5.00         | 90.2       |        |        |    |
+------------------+--------------+------------+--------+--------+----+
|                  | 50.0         | 85.7       |        |        |    |
+------------------+--------------+------------+--------+--------+----+
| Hand Wipes       | 0.100        | 100        | 96.3   | 6.23   | 6  |
|                  |              |            |        |        |    |
| (dry)            |              |            |        |        |    |
+------------------+--------------+------------+--------+--------+----+
|                  | 5.00         | 92.9       |        |        |    |
+------------------+--------------+------------+--------+--------+----+
|                  | 50.0         | 95.4       |        |        |    |
+------------------+--------------+------------+--------+--------+----+

a Only one fortified sample was prepared at each level.

[]{.mark}

Field blanks: Control samples were collected from each of the plots
before the day of application. Cloth dosimeter control interferences
ranged from less than the limit of quantitation (1.0 μg/sample) to 1.86
μg/sample. Hand wipe control interferences ranged from less than the LOQ
to 0.382 μg/sample.

Field recovery: Each trial included cloth dosimeter field fortification
samples prepared at two concentrations (5 g/sample and 500 g/sample).
The field fortified samples were prepared from control cloth samples
that were in contact with the plot prior to the day of application.
Field fortification recoveries extracted using 100% acetonitrile (4 KS
samples) fortified at 5 g and 500 g ranged from 41% to 42% with an
overall average percent recovery of 42% ± 0.7%. Field fortification
recoveries extracted using 9:1 acetonitrile/methanol (10% MeOH/ACN)
fortified at 5 g and 500 g ranged from 40% to 103% with an overall
average percent recovery of 79% ± 17.7%. The generally accepted recovery
range is 70 to 120% with a standard deviation of less than 30%.

[]{.mark}

> The Kansas trial included hand press field fortification samples
> prepared at two concentrations (5 g /sample and 50.0 g /sample). Hand
> press field fortification recoveries ranged from 73.0% to 104% with an
> overall average percent recovery of 93.7% + 11.5%.
>
> The Registrant corrected the field fortification recoveries for
> control interferences. At least one field fortification sample was
> extracted with each analytical set to allow correction for field
> recovery. Table 5 provides the average recoveries and standard
> deviation for each field site.

+-----+-----------------------+---+----------+-------+------+---+-------+
| Ta  |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| ble |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| 5.  |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| S   |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| umm |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| ary |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| of  |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| Cl  |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| oth |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| Dos |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| ime |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| ter |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| (T  |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| TR) |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| Fi  |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| eld |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| F   |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| ort |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| ifi |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| cat |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| ion |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| R   |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| eco |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| ver |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
| ies |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
+=====+=======================+===+==========+=======+======+===+=======+
| S   | Solvent               |   | Conce    | Av    | Ove  | S | \(n\) |
| ite |                       |   | ntration | erage | rall | t |       |
|     |                       |   | (μg)     | Pe    | Ave  | d |       |
|     |                       |   |          | rcent | rage | . |       |
|     |                       |   |          | Rec   | Per  | D |       |
|     |                       |   |          | overy | cent | e |       |
|     |                       |   |          |       | Reco | v |       |
|     |                       |   |          | (%)   | very | . |       |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      |   |       |
|     |                       |   |          |       | (%)  |   |       |
+-----+-----------------------+---+----------+-------+------+---+-------+
| FL  | 10% MeOH/ACN          |   | 5        | 90.0  | 91.9 | 7 | 12    |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      | . |       |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      | 2 |       |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      | 7 |       |
+-----+-----------------------+---+----------+-------+------+---+-------+
|     |                       |   | 500      | 93.8  |      |   |       |
+-----+-----------------------+---+----------+-------+------+---+-------+
| KS  | 100% ACN              |   | 5        | 41.5  | 43.7 | 2 | 4     |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      | . |       |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      | 5 |       |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      | 4 |       |
+-----+-----------------------+---+----------+-------+------+---+-------+
|     |                       |   | 500      | 45.9  |      |   |       |
+-----+-----------------------+---+----------+-------+------+---+-------+
| KS  | 10% MeOH/ACN          | 5 |          | 74.5  | 69.7 | 8 | 6     |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      | . |       |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      | 7 |       |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      | 8 |       |
+-----+-----------------------+---+----------+-------+------+---+-------+
|     |                       | 5 |          | 64.9  |      |   |       |
|     |                       | 0 |          |       |      |   |       |
|     |                       | 0 |          |       |      |   |       |
+-----+-----------------------+---+----------+-------+------+---+-------+
| CA  | 10% MeOH/ACN          | 5 |          | 67.1  | 70.8 | 1 | 12    |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      | 5 |       |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      | . |       |
|     |                       |   |          |       |      | 8 |       |
+-----+-----------------------+---+----------+-------+------+---+-------+
|     |                       | 5 |          | 74.6  |      |   |       |
|     |                       | 0 |          |       |      |   |       |
|     |                       | 0 |          |       |      |   |       |
+-----+-----------------------+---+----------+-------+------+---+-------+

[]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

[]{.mark}

Formulation: The test product used in this study was a wettable granular
product containing 2.0% active ingredient (ai) carbaryl. According to
the GLP analysis, the test product contained between 1.91% and 2.11%
(w/w) active ingredient. The Analytical Report stated that the
analytical standard of carbaryl had a purity of 99.8% (expires
11/13/06).

> Tank mix: Not applicable
>
> Travel Recovery: Travel recovery was not discussed in the Study
> Report.

Storage Stability: The field fortification samples were used to
determine the stability of carbaryl in the cloth dosimeter and hand
press sample in frozen storage. According to the Study Report, since the
field fortification samples were maintained under the same conditions as
samples collected from the field sites, no additional storage stability
data was required.

> Cloth dosimeter field samples from Florida were stored from 52 to 58
> days prior to extraction for analysis. Field fortification samples
> from Florida were extracted 58 to 60 days after fortification and had
> an average recovery of 91.9% 7.27%. Cloth dosimeter field samples from
> Kansas were stored from 144 to 157 days prior to extraction for
> analysis. Field fortification samples from Kansas were extracted 145
> to 161 days after fortification and had an average recovery of 59.3%
> 15% (average includes 100% ACN and 10% MeOH/ACN results). Cloth
> dosimeter field samples from California were stored from 136 to 140
> days prior to extraction for analysis. Field fortification samples
> from California were extracted 140 to 144 days after fortification and
> had an average recovery of 70.8% 15%. A summary of the results is
> presented in Table 5 above. According to the Study Report, the
> residues for this study were considered stable for the duration of the
> study.
>
> Hand press field samples from Kansas were stored from 119 to 130 days
> prior to extraction for analysis. Field fortification samples from
> Kansas were extracted 124 to 132 days after fortification and had an
> average recovery of 93.7% + 11.5%.

[]{.mark}

**II. [RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS:]{.underline}**

The Registrant provided the residues in g/cm^2^ for the triplicate cloth
dosimeter and hand press samples collected at each interval. The
Registrant corrected measured residues for all corresponding field
fortification recoveries. At least one field fortification sample was
extracted with each analytical set. The measured residue values were
corrected by the measured residue by the corresponding field
fortification recovery value for that dataset. If more than one field
fortification sample was analyzed with a set, the field fortification
closest in concentration to the measured value was used for the
correction. Versar verified the Registrant's corrected TTR data in
g/cm^2^. The Registrant did not conduct a regression analysis.

[]{.mark}

The TTR levels and corresponding statistical summaries are shown in
Tables 6 through 11 and in Figures 1 through 3. At the Florida site, the
average TTRs from the non-irrigated plot immediately following the
application were 0.5477 g/cm^2^ (maximum average), declined rapidly in
four hours to 0.0593 g/cm^2^, rose to 0.2668 g/cm^2^ by 12 hours and
declined steadily to 0.0009 g/cm^2^ by 5DAT before climbing up to 0.0023
g/cm^2^ by 7DAT. The average residues from Florida site's irrigated plot
approximately 2 hours following the application were 0.2878 g/cm^2^
(maximum average), declined rapidly to 0.0196 g/cm^2^ in 4 hours, then
rose and fell slightly before reaching an average residue value of
0.0009 g/cm^2^ by 7DAT. At the Kansas site, TTRs from the first three
post-application sampling intervals from the non-irrigated plot and the
samples from the first two post-application sampling intervals from the
irrigated plot were extracted using 100% ACN. All of the samples
collected from the remaining sampling intervals for both plots were
extracted using 10% MeOH/ACN. The 2DAT sampling interval for both plots
was cancelled due to rain. The average TTRs from the non-irrigated plot
immediately following the application were 0.1662 g/cm^2^ (maximum
average), declined to below the LOQ (0.00018 g/cm^2^) by 3DAT before
increasing slightly to 0.0006 g/cm^2^ by 5DAT and dropping to 0.0003
g/cm^2^ by 7DAT. The average residues from the Kansas site's irrigated
plot approximately 2 hours following the application were 0.0476 g/cm^2^
and then declined steadily to 0.0003 g/cm^2^ by 5DAT before increasing
slightly to 0.0007 g/cm^2^ by 7DAT. At the California site, the average
TTRs taken from the non-irrigated plot immediately following the
application were 0.4503 g/cm^2^ (maximum average), declined rapidly in
12 hours to 0.0140 g/cm^2^, rose to 0.0470 g/cm^2^ by 24 hours and then
declined steadily to 0.0016 g/cm^2^ by 7DAT. The average residues from
California site's irrigated plot approximately 2 hours following the
application were 0.0402 g/cm^2^ (maximum average), declined rapidly to
0.0029 g/cm^2^ in 12 hours, rose to 0.0246 g/cm^2^ by 24 hours and then
declined steadily to 0.0012 g/cm^2^ by 7DAT.

The Registrant did not perform regression analysis with the data
presented in this Study Report. First-order dissipation kinetics were
assumed by Versar in generating dissipation curves. However, the results
did not fit the regression curve closely as exemplified with R^2^ values
ranging from 0.34 to 0.81. Versar used the Registrant's residue data
collected immediately after the application through the last day where
residues were detected (7DAT for all test sites). For values \<LOQ,
Versar used a value of ½ the LOQ. Versar conducted a linear regression
analysis for each test plot (non-irrigated and irrigated) using the
natural logarithm of the individual TTR values from the cloth
dosimeters.

Versar\'s estimated half-life values were 0.836 days (R^2^=0.81) for
carbaryl residues from the non-irrigated plot and 1.23 days (R^2^=0.61)
for carbaryl residues from the irrigated plot at the Florida site. At
the Kansas site, the estimated half-life values were 0.764 days
(R^2^=0.68) for carbaryl residues from the non-irrigated plot and 1.35
days (R^2^=0.54) for carbaryl residues from the irrigated plot and 1.23
days (R^2^=0.62) for carbaryl residues from the non-irrigated plot and
2.40 days (R^2^=0.34) for carbaryl residues from the irrigated plot at
the California site.

Dry and moist hand press samples were collected at the Kansas site from
both non-irrigated and irrigated plots at two sampling intervals. The
carbaryl residue levels and corresponding statistical summaries are
shown in Tables 12 through 15. The average carbaryl residues for the dry
hand press samples from the non-irrigated plot immediately following the
application were 0.24 g/cm2 and dropped to below the LOQ (0.00204 g/cm2)
by 5DAT. The average carbaryl residues for the dry hand press samples
from the irrigated plot 2 hours after the application were 0.06 g/cm2
and dropped to below the LOQ by 5DAT. The average carbaryl residues for
the moist hand press samples from the non-irrigated plot immediately
following the application were 0.58 g/cm2 and dropped to below the LOQ
(0.00204 g/cm2) by 5DAT. The average carbaryl residues for the moist
hand press samples from the irrigated plot 2 hours after the application
were 0.08 g/cm2 and dropped to below the LOQ by 5DAT. At the first post
application collection immediately after application, the percent of the
original applied carbaryl (i.e., 88 ug/cm2) which transferred to hand
presses from the irrigated plot ranged from 0.07% to 0.09% of the
theoretical amount of residue available for dry and moist hand wipes,
respectively. The percent of the original applied carbaryl (i.e., 88
ug/cm2 ) which transferred to hand presses from the non-irrigated plot
ranged from 0.27% for dry hand presses to 0.66% for moist hand presses.

[]{.mark}

**III DISCUSSION**

**A. [LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:]{.underline}**

This study met most of the Series 875, Group B:875.2100 Guidelines. The
issues which were identified include:

[]{.mark}

\(1\) At the Kansas and Florida sites, significant rainfall was noted
throughout the course of the study (i.e., 2.48" total in Florida and
3.46" in Kansas with 0.35\" of rain falling on the day of application
Kansas - but the Kansas rainfall did not impact residue levels until the
24 hour sample), rain also prevented sampling at the 48 hour interval;

\(2\) Field fortification recoveries extracted using 100% acetonitrile
ranged from 41% to 42% with an overall average percent recovery of 42% ±
0.7% while field fortification recoveries extracted using 10% MeOH/ACN
ranged from 40% to 103% with an overall average percent recovery of 79%
± 17.7%. Samples analyzed with 100 percent acetonitrile have more
uncertainty associated with them than do samples analyzed with the
methanol mixture. The generally accepted recovery range is 70 to 120%
with a standard deviation of less than 30%;

\(3\) Meteorological conditions including temperature, wind speed, daily
rainfall, and humidity were not provided for the duration of the study;

\(4\) No mention was made of calibrating the application equipment; and

[]{.mark}

\(5\) Actual application rates for plots 2GIR and 2G at the Kansas test
site were 122% and 125% of the target application rate, respectively.

**B. [CONCLUSIONS]{.underline}**:

Turf transferable residues (TTRs) were initially lower (averaging 65%
lower) on irrigated plots than the corresponding non-irrigated plots.
Measured carbaryl residues rapidly declined over the first 4 hours and
then levelled off or rose slightly after 12 hours By the 24-hour
sampling interval, the residues declined to approximately 10% of the
corresponding 0-time residue value and then steadily dropped to below
1.0% of the corresponding 0-time residue values by 3 to 5DAT. Percent
transferability was below 1 percent of the application rate at all
sites.

Similarly, the initial carbaryl residues from both the dry and moist
hand press samples were considerably lower in the hand press samples
collected from the irrigated plot compared to the hand press samples
collected from the non-irrigated plot. For both non-irrigated and
irrigated plots, hand wipes from moist hand presses had approximately
twice the carbaryl residues as that from the corresponding dry hand
presses. On the day of collection 0.35 inches of rain fell at the test
site but apparently after the Day 0 samples were collected. All hand
press samples collected at the 5DAT sampling interval demonstrated
residues below the LOQ (0.00204 g/cm^2^). Percent transferability was
below 1percent for all samples.

In general the study is acceptable for risk assessment purposes. A
couple of potentially key issues, however, should be considered when
these results are used for assessment purposes. The first is that a
significant amount of either natural rainfall or irrigation water
occurred at both the Kansas and Florida sites (3.46 and 2.48 inches of
rain and from 0.3 to \~0.5 inches of irrigation water). Additionally,
field recovery values were low when 100 percent acetonitrile was used
for extraction purposes which was remedied later with the use of a
methanol/acetonitrile mixture.

Table 6. Carbaryl Residues from Cloth Dosimeters

Florida - SEVIN 2G -- Non-Irrigated Plot

+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| Sampling | Co      | Ari     | St     | Coe      | Geo    | \% of  |
| Interval | rrected | thmetic | andard | fficient | metric | Or     |
| (Days    | Residue | Mean    | Dev    | of       | Mean   | iginal |
| After    | (g      |         | iation | Variance | (g/    | Appli  |
| Last     | /cm^2^) | (g      | (g/    |          | cm^2^) | cation |
| Tr       |         | /cm^2^) | cm^2^) | (%)      |        | Rate   |
| eatment) |         |         |        |          |        | Trans  |
|          |         |         |        |          |        | ferred |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0        | 0.3868  | 0.5477  | 0.4711 | 86.0     | 0.4204 | 0.62   |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0        | 0.1782  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0        | 1.0782  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.167    | 0.0712  | 0.0593  | 0.0147 | 24.7     | 0.0579 | 0.07   |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.167    | 0.0429  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.167    | 0.0636  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.5      | 0.2584  | 0.2668  | 0.1029 | 38.6     | 0.2533 | 0.30   |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.5      | 0.1683  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.5      | 0.3737  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 1        | 0.0609  | 0.0728  | 0.0304 | 41.7     | 0.0690 | 0.08   |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 1        | 0.0503  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 1        | 0.1073  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 2        | 0.0658  | 0.0816  | 0.0499 | 61.2     | 0.0722 | 0.09   |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 2        | 0.0416  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 2        | 0.1376  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 3        | 0.0200  | 0.0191  | 0.0009 | 4.96     | 0.0191 | 0.02   |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 3        | 0.0193  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 3        | 0.0181  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 5        | 0.0008  | 0.0009  | 0.0001 | 9.81     | 0.0009 | 0.001  |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 5        | 0.0010  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 5        | 0.0009  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 7        | 0.0053  | 0.0023  | 0.0026 | 114      | 0.0013 | 0.003  |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 7        | 0.0013  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 7        | 0.0003  |         |        |          |        |        |
+----------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+--------+

LOD = 0.00002 *μ*g/cm^2^

LOQ = 0.00018 *μ*g/cm^2^

Target Application Rate = 88 *μ*g/cm^2^

Table 7. Carbaryl Residues from Cloth Dosimeters

Florida - SEVIN 2G -- Irrigated Plot

+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| Sampling  | Co      | A         | St     | C     | Geo    | \% of  |
| Interval  | rrected | rithmetic | andard | oeffi | metric | Or     |
| (Days     | Residue | Mean      | Dev    | cient | Mean   | iginal |
| After     | (g      |           | iation | of    | (g/c   | Appli  |
| Last      | /cm^2^) | (g/cm^2^) | (g/    | Var   | m^2^)) | cation |
| T         |         |           | cm^2^) | iance |        | Rate   |
| reatment) |         |           |        |       |        | Trans  |
|           |         |           |        | (%)   |        | ferred |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 0.083     | 0.0361  | 0.2878    | 0.3049 | 105.9 | 0.1655 | 0.33   |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 0.083     | 0.6269  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 0.083     | 0.2005  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 0.167     | 0.0252  | 0.0196    | 0.0119 | 60.5  | 0.0161 | 0.02   |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 0.167     | 0.0277  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 0.167     | 0.0060  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 0.5       | 0.0181  | 0.0398    | 0.0458 | 114.8 | 0.0247 | 0.05   |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 0.5       | 0.0924  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 0.5       | 0.0090  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 1         | 0.0064  | 0.0111    | 0.0106 | 94.9  | 0.0082 | 0.01   |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 1         | 0.0232  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 1         | 0.0038  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 2         | 0.0219  | 0.0190    | 0.0042 | 22.2  | 0.0187 | 0.02   |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 2         | 0.0210  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 2         | 0.0142  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 3         | 0.0234  | 0.0197    | 0.0049 | 24.9  | 0.0192 | 0.02   |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 3         | 0.0141  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 3         | 0.0215  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 5         | 0.0034  | 0.0025    | 0.0008 | 34.1  | 0.0024 | 0.003  |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 5         | 0.0019  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 5         | 0.0020  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 7         | 0.0005  | 0.0009    | 0.0008 | 92.6  | 0.0007 | 0.001  |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 7         | 0.0004  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+
| 7         | 0.0018  |           |        |       |        |        |
+-----------+---------+-----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+

LOD = 0.00002 *μ*g/cm^2^

LOQ = 0.00018 *μ*g/cm^2^

Target Application Rate = 88 *μ*g/cm^2^

Table 8. Carbaryl Residues from Cloth Dosimeters

Kansas - SEVIN 2G -- Non-Irrigated Plot

+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| Sampling   | Co      | Arit   | St     | Coeff  | Ge      | \% of  |
| Interval   | rrected | hmetic | andard | icient | ometric | Or     |
| (Days      | Residue | Mean   | Dev    | of     | Mean    | iginal |
| After Last | (g      |        | iation | Va     | (g      | Appli  |
| Treatment) | /cm^2^) | (g/    | (g/    | riance | /cm^2^) | cation |
|            |         | cm^2^) | cm^2^) |        |         | Rate   |
|            |         |        |        | (%)    |         | Trans  |
|            |         |        |        |        |         | ferred |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 0          | 0.1727  | 0.1662 | 0.0339 | 20.4   | 0.1638  | 0.1889 |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 0          | 0.1295  |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 0          | 0.1964  |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 0.167      | 0.0474  | 0.0621 | 0.0240 | 38.5   | 0.0594  | 0.0706 |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 0.167      | 0.0493  |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 0.167      | 0.0898  |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 0.5        | 0.0432  | 0.0495 | 0.0097 | 19.7   | 0.0489  | 0.0563 |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 0.5        | 0.0447  |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 0.5        | 0.0607  |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 1          | 0.0131  | 0.0085 | 0.0040 | 46.2   | 0.0080  | 0.0097 |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 1          | 0.0063  |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 1          | 0.0063  |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 2          | NS      | NS     | NA     | NA     | NS      | NS     |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 2          | NS      |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 2          | NS      |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 3          | \<LOQ   | \<LOQ  | NA     | NA     | NA      | NA     |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 3          | \<LOQ   |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 3          | \<LOQ   |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 5          | 0.0004  | 0.0006 | 0.0003 | 42.6   | 0.0006  | 0.0007 |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 5          | 0.0006  |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 5          | 0.0009  |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 7          | 0.0004  | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 41.9   | 0.0003  | 0.0003 |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 7          | 0.0002  |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
| 7          | 0.0002  |        |        |        |         |        |
+------------+---------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+

> LOD = 0.00002 *μ*g/cm^2^

LOQ = 0.00018 *μ*g/cm^2^

> Samples from sampling intervals 0 thru 12 hours were extracted with
> 100% ACN. All other samples were extracted with 10% MeOH/ACN.

NS = Not Sampled (2DAT sampling interval was cancelled due to rain)

NA = Not Applicable

Target Application Rate = 88 *μ*g/cm^2^

Table 9. Carbaryl Residues from Cloth Dosimeters

Kansas - SEVIN 2G -- Irrigated Plot

+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| Sampling    | Cor    | Arit   | St     | Coef    | Geom  | \% of  |
| Interval    | rected | hmetic | andard | ficient | etric | Or     |
| (Days After | R      | Mean   | Dev    | of      | Mean  | iginal |
| Last        | esidue |        | iation | V       | (g/c  | Appli  |
| Treatment)  | (g/    | (g/    | (g/    | ariance | m^2^) | cation |
|             | cm^2^) | cm^2^) | cm^2^) |         |       | Rate   |
|             |        |        |        | (%)     |       | Trans  |
|             |        |        |        |         |       | ferred |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 0.083       | 0.0391 | 0.0476 | 0.0246 | 51.7    | 0     | 0.0541 |
|             |        |        |        |         | .0437 |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 0.083       | 0.0753 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 0.083       | 0.0283 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 0.167       | 0.0065 | 0.0059 | 0.0018 | 30.1    | 0     | 0.0067 |
|             |        |        |        |         | .0057 |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 0.167       | 0.0073 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 0.167       | 0.0039 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 0.5         | 0.0051 | 0.0035 | 0.0014 | 40.3    | 0     | 0.0040 |
|             |        |        |        |         | .0033 |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 0.5         | 0.0026 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 0.5         | 0.0028 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 1           | 0.0034 | 0.0038 | 0.0022 | 57.6    | 0     | 0.0044 |
|             |        |        |        |         | .0034 |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 1           | 0.0019 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 1           | 0.0062 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 2           | NS     | NS     | NA     | NA      | NS    | NS     |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 2           | NS     |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 2           | NS     |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 3           | 0.0006 | 0.0004 | 0.0003 | 72.9    | 0     | 0.0004 |
|             |        |        |        |         | .0003 |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 3           | 0.0004 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 3           | \<LOQ  |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 5           | 0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 8.30    | 0     | 0.0004 |
|             |        |        |        |         | .0003 |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 5           | 0.0003 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 5           | 0.0003 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 7           | 0.0005 | 0.0007 | 0.0005 | 69.9    | 0     | 0.0008 |
|             |        |        |        |         | .0006 |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 7           | 0.0004 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+
| 7           | 0.0013 |        |        |         |       |        |
+-------------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+

> LOD = 0.00002 *μ*g/cm^2^
>
> LOQ = 0.00018 *μ*g/cm^2^
>
> Samples from sampling intervals 2 hours and 4 hours were extracted
> with 100% ACN. All other samples were extracted with 10% MeOH/ACN.
>
> NS = Not Sampled (2DAT sampling interval was cancelled due to rain)
>
> NA = Not Applicable
>
> Residues \<LOQ were used as ½ LOQ for calculations

Target Application Rate = 88 *μ*g/cm^2^

Table 10. Carbaryl Residues from Cloth Dosimeters

California - SEVIN 2G -- Non-Irrigated Plot

+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| Sampling    | Cor    | Ari     | Sta   | Coeff  | Geo    | \% of  |
| Interval    | rected | thmetic | ndard | icient | metric | Or     |
| (Days After | R      | Mean    | Devi  | of     | Mean   | iginal |
| Last        | esidue |         | ation | Va     | (g/    | Appli  |
| Treatment)  | (g/    | (g      | (g/c  | riance | cm^2^) | cation |
|             | cm^2^) | /cm^2^) | m^2^) |        |        | Rate   |
|             |        |         |       | (%)    |        | Trans  |
|             |        |         |       |        |        | ferred |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 0           | 0.1680 | 0.4503  | 0     | 66.2   | 0.3777 | 0.5117 |
|             |        |         | .2982 |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 0           | 0.7621 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 0           | 0.4207 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 0.167       | 0.0223 | 0.0251  | 0     | 34.0   | 0.0242 | 0.0286 |
|             |        |         | .0085 |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 0.167       | 0.0347 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 0.167       | 0.0184 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 0.5         | 0.0109 | 0.0140  | 0     | 30.5   | 0.0136 | 0.0159 |
|             |        |         | .0043 |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 0.5         | 0.0189 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 0.5         | 0.0123 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 1           | 0.0512 | 0.0470  | 0     | 76.0   | 0.0338 | 0.0534 |
|             |        |         | .0357 |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 1           | 0.0804 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 1           | 0.0094 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 2           | 0.0082 | 0.0164  | 0     | 48.4   | 0.0150 | 0.0187 |
|             |        |         | .0080 |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 2           | 0.0172 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 2           | 0.0240 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 3           | 0.0037 | 0.0035  | 0     | 6.30   | 0.0035 | 0.0039 |
|             |        |         | .0002 |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 3           | 0.0034 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 3           | 0.0033 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 5           | 0.0044 | 0.0035  | 0     | 42.4   | 0.0032 | 0.0040 |
|             |        |         | .0015 |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 5           | 0.0043 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 5           | 0.0018 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 7           | 0.0019 | 0.0016  | 0     | 23.4   | 0.0016 | 0.0018 |
|             |        |         | .0004 |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 7           | 0.0016 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
| 7           | 0.0012 |         |       |        |        |        |
+-------------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+

> LOD = 0.00002 *μ*g/cm^2^
>
> LOQ = 0.00018 *μ*g/cm^2^

Target Application Rate = 88 *μ*g/cm^2^

Table 11. Carbaryl Residues from Cloth Dosimeters

California - SEVIN 2G -- Irrigated Plot

+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| Sampling   | Corr  | Arit   | St     | Coe      | Geo    | \% of  |
| Interval   | ected | hmetic | andard | fficient | metric | Or     |
| (Days      | Re    | Mean   | Dev    | of       | Mean   | iginal |
| After Last | sidue |        | iation | Variance | (g/    | Appli  |
| Treatment) | (g/c  | (g/    | (g/    |          | cm^2^) | cation |
|            | m^2^) | cm^2^) | cm^2^) | (%)      |        | Rate   |
|            |       |        |        |          |        | Trans  |
|            |       |        |        |          |        | ferred |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.083      | 0     | 0.0402 | 0.0331 | 82.4     | 0.0269 | 0.0456 |
|            | .0414 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.083      | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0727 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.083      | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0065 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.167      | 0     | 0.0079 | 0.0050 | 63.4     | 0.0064 | 0.0090 |
|            | .0122 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.167      | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0091 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.167      | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0024 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.5        | 0     | 0.0029 | 0.0005 | 18.5     | 0.0028 | 0.0033 |
|            | .0026 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.5        | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0025 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 0.5        | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0035 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 1          | 0     | 0.0246 | 0.0128 | 51.9     | 0.0222 | 0.0280 |
|            | .0249 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 1          | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0373 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 1          | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0117 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 2          | 0     | 0.0171 | 0.0039 | 23.0     | 0.0168 | 0.0194 |
|            | .0214 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 2          | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0137 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 2          | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0161 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 3          | 0     | 0.0103 | 0.0080 | 77.8     | 0.0082 | 0.0117 |
|            | .0035 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 3          | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0084 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 3          | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0192 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 5          | 0     | 0.0040 | 0.0012 | 30.2     | 0.0038 | 0.0045 |
|            | .0026 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 5          | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0047 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 5          | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0046 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 7          | 0     | 0.0012 | 0.0003 | 28.6     | 0.0012 | 0.0014 |
|            | .0016 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 7          | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0009 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+
| 7          | 0     |        |        |          |        |        |
|            | .0011 |        |        |          |        |        |
+------------+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+

> LOD = 0.00002 *μ*g/cm^2^
>
> LOQ = 0.00018 *μ*g/cm^2^

Target Application Rate = 88 *μ*g/cm^2^

[]{.mark}

Table 12. Carbaryl Residues from Dry Hand Press Samples

Kansas - SEVIN 2G -- Non-Irrigated Plot

+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| Sampling  | Me     | C    | Corr  | A   | Stan | Coe  | G   | \%  |
| Interval  | asured | orre | ected | rit | dard | ffic | eom | of  |
| (Days     | R      | cted | Re    | hme | D    | ient | ean | or  |
| After     | esidue | Res  | sidue | tic | evia | of   | (*μ | igi |
| Last      |        | idue | (*    | M   | tion | Vari | *g/ | nal |
| T         | (*μ*g  |      | μ*g/c | ean | (*μ* | ance | cm^ | ap  |
| reatment) | /s     | (    | m^2^) | (*μ | g/cm | (%)  | 2^) | pli |
|           | ample) | *μ*g |       | *g/ | ^2^) |      |     | cat |
|           |        | /sam |       | cm^ |      |      |     | ion |
|           |        | ple) |       | 2^) |      |      |     | r   |
|           |        |      |       |     |      |      |     | ate |
|           |        |      |       |     |      |      |     | tr  |
|           |        |      |       |     |      |      |     | ans |
|           |        |      |       |     |      |      |     | fer |
|           |        |      |       |     |      |      |     | red |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 0         | 7.40   | 7.40 | 0     | 0.2 | 0.   | 48.6 | 0.2 | 0   |
|           |        |      | .1510 | 419 | 1174 |      | 180 | .27 |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 0         | 6.67   | 6.67 | 0     |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        |      | .1361 |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 0         | 18.2   | 18.2 | 0     |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        |      | .3714 |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 0         | 8.95   | 8.95 | 0     |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        |      | .1827 |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 0         | 6.77   | 6.77 | 0     |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        |      | .1382 |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 0         | 21.7   | 21.7 | 0     |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        |      | .4429 |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 0         | 11.3   | 11.3 | 0     |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        |      | .2306 |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 0         | 13.0   | 13.0 | 0     |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        |      | .2653 |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 0         | 18.5   | 18.5 | 0     |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        |      | .3776 |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 0         | 6.02   | 6.02 | 0     |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        |      | .1229 |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 5         | \<LOQ  | \    | \<LOQ | NA  | NA   | NA   | NA  | NA  |
|           |        | <LOQ |       |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 5         | \<LOQ  | \    | \<LOQ |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        | <LOQ |       |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 5         | \<LOD  | \    | \<LOD |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        | <LOD |       |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 5         | \<LOQ  | \    | \<LOQ |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        | <LOQ |       |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 5         | \<LOQ  | \    | \<LOQ |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        | <LOQ |       |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 5         | \<LOQ  | \    | \<LOQ |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        | <LOQ |       |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 5         | \<LOQ  | \    | \<LOQ |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        | <LOQ |       |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 5         | \<LOQ  | \    | \<LOQ |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        | <LOQ |       |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 5         | \<LOQ  | \    | \<LOQ |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        | <LOQ |       |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+
| 5         | \<LOQ  | \    | \<LOQ |     |      |      |     |     |
|           |        | <LOQ |       |     |      |      |     |     |
+-----------+--------+------+-------+-----+------+------+-----+-----+

LOD = 0.00014 *μ*g/cm^2^

LOQ = 0.00204 *μ*g/cm^2^

Surface area of palm (cm^2\ /^sample) = 49cm^2^

Target Application rate = 88 *μ*g/cm^2^

Table 13. Carbaryl Residues from Dry Hand Press Samples

Kansas - SEVIN 2G -- Irrigated Plot

+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| Sa     | Meas | Corr  | C    | Ar   | Sta   | Coe  | Geo  | \%   |
| mpling | ured | ected | orre | ithm | ndard | ffic | mean | of   |
| In     | Res  | Re    | cted | etic | Devi  | ient | (*μ* | orig |
| terval | idue | sidue | Res  | Mean | ation | of   | g/cm | inal |
| (Days  |      |       | idue | (*μ* | (*    | Vari | ^2^) | app  |
| After  | (    | (*μ*g | (*μ* | g/cm | μ*g/c | ance |      | lica |
| Last   | *μ*g | /sa   | g/cm | ^2^) | m^2^) | (%)  |      | tion |
| Trea   | /sam | mple) | ^2^) |      |       |      |      | rate |
| tment) | ple) |       |      |      |       |      |      | tra  |
|        |      |       |      |      |       |      |      | nsfe |
|        |      |       |      |      |       |      |      | rred |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 6.06 | 6.06  | 0.   | 0.   | 0     | 1    | 0.   | 0.07 |
|        |      |       | 1237 | 0573 | .0615 | 07.2 | 0209 |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 0.   | 0     | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | 1250 | .1276 | 0026 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 0.   | 0     | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | 2700 | .2755 | 0056 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 0.   | 0     | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | 3450 | .3520 | 0072 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 0.   | 0     | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | 8250 | .8418 | 0172 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | \    | NA    | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | <LOQ |       | 0010 |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |      |       | ^a^  |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 1.69 | 1.72  | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |      |       | 0352 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 6.09 | 6.09  | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |      |       | 1243 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 4.90 | 4.90  | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |      |       | 1000 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 7.67 | 7.67  | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |      |       | 1565 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \    | \<LOQ | \    | NA   | NA    | NA   | NA   | NA   |
|        | <LOQ |       | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \    | \<LOQ | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | <LOQ |       | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \    | \<LOQ | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | <LOQ |       | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \    | \<LOQ | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | <LOQ |       | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \    | \<LOQ | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | <LOQ |       | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \    | \<LOQ | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | <LOQ |       | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \    | \<LOQ | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | <LOQ |       | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \    | \<LOQ | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | <LOQ |       | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \    | \<LOQ | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | <LOQ |       | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \    | \<LOQ | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | <LOQ |       | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+------+-------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+

a value was \<LOQ (0.1 *μ*g/sample) therefore, ½ LOQ was used in
calculations

LOD = 0.00014 *μ*g/cm^2^

LOQ = 0.00204 *μ*g/cm^2^

Surface area of palm (cm^2\ /^sample) = 49cm^2^

Target Application rate = 88 *μ*g/cm^2^

Table 14. Carbaryl Residues from Moist Hand Press Samples

Kansas - SEVIN 2G -- Non-Irrigated Plot

+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| S       | Mea   | Corr  | C    | A   | Stan | Coe  | Geo  | \%   |
| ampling | sured | ected | orre | rit | dard | ffic | mean | of   |
| I       | Re    | Re    | cted | hme | D    | ient | (*μ* | orig |
| nterval | sidue | sidue | Res  | tic | evia | of   | g/cm | inal |
| (Days   |       |       | idue | M   | tion | Vari | ^2^) | app  |
| After   | (*μ*g | (*μ*g | (*μ* | ean | (*μ* | ance |      | lica |
| Last    | /sa   | /sa   | g/cm | (*μ | g/cm | (%)  |      | tion |
| Tre     | mple) | mple) | ^2^) | *g/ | ^2^) |      |      | rate |
| atment) |       |       |      | cm^ |      |      |      | tra  |
|         |       |       |      | 2^) |      |      |      | nsfe |
|         |       |       |      |     |      |      |      | rred |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 0       | 16.3  | 22.3  | 0.   | 0.5 | 0.   | 39.1 | 0.   | 0.66 |
|         |       |       | 4557 | 826 | 2278 |      | 5334 |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 0       | 17.4  | 23.8  | 0.   |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | 4864 |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 0       | 26.6  | 36.4  | 0.   |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | 7436 |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 0       | 10.6  | 14.5  | 0.   |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | 2963 |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 0       | 32.4  | 44.4  | 0.   |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | 9058 |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 0       | 23.0  | 31.5  | 0.   |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | 6430 |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 0       | 19.5  | 26.7  | 0.   |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | 5451 |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 0       | 29.6  | 40.5  | 0.   |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | 8275 |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 0       | 25.8  | 35.3  | 0.   |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | 7213 |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 0       | 7.21  | 9.88  | 0.   |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | 2016 |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 5       | \<LOQ | \<LOQ | \    | NA  | NA   | NA   | NA   | NA   |
|         |       |       | <LOQ |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 5       | \<LOQ | \<LOQ | \    |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | <LOQ |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 5       | \<LOQ | \<LOQ | \    |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | <LOQ |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 5       | \<LOQ | \<LOQ | \    |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | <LOQ |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 5       | \<LOQ | \<LOQ | \    |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | <LOQ |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 5       | \<LOQ | \<LOQ | \    |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | <LOQ |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 5       | \<LOQ | \<LOQ | \    |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | <LOQ |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 5       | \<LOQ | \<LOQ | \    |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | <LOQ |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 5       | \<LOQ | \<LOQ | \    |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | <LOQ |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 5       | \<LOQ | \<LOQ | \    |     |      |      |      |      |
|         |       |       | <LOQ |     |      |      |      |      |
+---------+-------+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+

LOD = 0.00014 *μ*g/cm^2^

LOQ = 0.00204 *μ*g/cm^2^

Surface area of palm (cm^2\ /^sample) = 49cm^2^

Target Application rate = 88 *μ*g/cm^2^

Table 15. Carbaryl Residues from Moist Hand Press Samples

Kansas - SEVIN 2G -- Irrigated Plot

+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| Sa     | Mea   | Cor | C    | Ar   | Sta   | Coe  | Geo  | \%   |
| mpling | sured | rec | orre | ithm | ndard | ffic | mean | of   |
| In     | Re    | ted | cted | etic | Devi  | ient | (*μ* | orig |
| terval | sidue | R   | Res  | Mean | ation | of   | g/cm | inal |
| (Days  |       | esi | idue | (*μ* | (*    | Vari | ^2^) | app  |
| After  | (*μ*g | due | (*μ* | g/cm | μ*g/c | ance |      | lica |
| Last   | /sa   |     | g/cm | ^2^) | m^2^) | (%)  |      | tion |
| Trea   | mple) | (*  | ^2^) |      |       |      |      | rate |
| tment) |       | μ*g |      |      |       |      |      | tra  |
|        |       | /s  |      |      |       |      |      | nsfe |
|        |       | amp |      |      |       |      |      | rred |
|        |       | le) |      |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 9.32  | 1   | 0.   | 0.   | 0     | 1    | 0.   | 0.09 |
|        |       | 2.8 | 2606 | 0833 | .0978 | 17.4 | 0408 |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 0     | 0.5 | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | .4280 | 632 | 0115 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 0     | 0.5 | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | .4020 | 289 | 0108 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 1.43  | 1   | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | .88 | 0384 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 1.80  | 2   | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | .37 | 0483 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 0     | 0.4 | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | .3750 | 934 | 0101 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 0     | 0.5 | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        | .4380 | 763 | 0118 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 5.45  | 7   | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | .47 | 1524 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 8.59  | 1   | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | 1.8 | 2401 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 0.0833 | 1.83  | 2   | 0.   |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | .41 | 0491 |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \<LOQ | \<  | \    | NA   | NA    | NA   | NA   | NA   |
|        |       | LOQ | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \<LOQ | \<  | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | LOQ | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \<LOQ | \<  | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | LOQ | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \<LOQ | \<  | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | LOQ | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \<LOQ | \<  | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | LOQ | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \<LOQ | \<  | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | LOQ | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \<LOQ | \<  | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | LOQ | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \<LOQ | \<  | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | LOQ | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \<LOQ | \<  | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | LOQ | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+
| 5      | \<LOQ | \<  | \    |      |       |      |      |      |
|        |       | LOQ | <LOQ |      |       |      |      |      |
+--------+-------+-----+------+------+-------+------+------+------+

LOD = 0.00014 *μ*g/cm^2^

LOQ = 0.00204 *μ*g/cm^2\ or^ 0.10 *μ*g

Surface area of palm (cm^2\ /^sample) = 49cm^2^

Target Application rate = 88 *μ*g/cm^2^

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![](media/image2.wmf){width="5.114583333333333in" height="3.09375in"}

Figure 1. Carbaryl Residues on Cloth Dosimeters from Non-irrigated Plots

![](media/image3.wmf){width="5.114583333333333in" height="3.09375in"}

Figure 2. Carbaryl Residues on Cloth Dosimeters from Irrigated Plots

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**APPENDIX A**

**Compliance Checklist for "Transferable**

**Residues of Carbaryl on Turf"**

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**Compliance Checklist**

Compliance with OPPTS Series 875, Occupational and Residential Exposure
Test Guidelines, Group B: Post-application Exposure Monitoring Test
Guidelines, 875.2100, Transferable Residue Dissipation, Lawn and Turf,
is critical. The itemized checklist below describes compliance with the
major technical aspects of OPPTS 875.2100.

*The test substance must be the typical end use product of the active
ingredient.* This criterion was met.

*The production of metabolites, breakdown products, or the presence of
contaminants of potential toxicologic concern, should be considered on a
case-by-case basis.* It is not certain if this criterion was met. The
study did not discuss metabolites or breakdown products of carbaryl.

*Applications should occur at the time of season that the end-use
product is normally applied to achieve intended pest control.* This
criterion was met.

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*Initiating testing immediately before a precipitation event should be
avoided. Applications should be made after mowing and watering*. These
criteria were met except for the Kansas site. Rainfall occurred within
24 hours of the application at the Kansas site and impacted the 24 hour
samples but not earlier time periods. All of the applications took place
after mowing.

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*The end use product should be applied by the application method
recommended. Formulations which can be applied in a minimal amount of
water and do not require \"watering in\" should be used. Information
that verifies that the application equipment (e.g., sprayer) was
properly calibrated should be included.* These criteria were mostly met.
The test product was applied to two test plots at each test location.
The test product application for one plot was "watered in" and the
second plot was not irrigated. There was no mention in the Study Report
about calibrating the drop spreader.

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*The application rate used in the study should be provided and should be
the maximum rate specified on the label. However, monitoring following
application at a typical application rate is more appropriate in certain
cases.* It is not certain if this criterion was met. A label for the
test product used in the study was not provided in the Study Report.

*If multiple applications are made, the minimum allowable interval
between applications should be used.* This criterion does not apply.
Only one application was made for each test plot.

*Turf transferable residue (TTR) data should be collected from at least
three geographically distinct locations for each formulation. The sites
should be representative of the regions (and turf types) where the
chemical is used.* This criterion was met. TTR residue data were
collected from three geographically distinct locations (Florida, Kansas,
and California).

*The site(s) treated should be representative of reasonable worst-case
climatic conditions expected in intended use areas.* *Meteorological
conditions including temperature, wind speed, daily rainfall, and
humidity should be provided for the duration of the study.* These
criteria were not met. It is uncertain if the locations used were
representative of worst-case climatic conditions. The only
meteorological data provided in the Study Report were a range of
temperatures, total rainfall and total irrigation.

*Sampling should be sufficient to characterize the dissipation
mechanisms of the compound (e.g., three half-lives or 72 hours after
application, unless the compound has been found to fully dissipate in
less time; for more persistent pesticides, longer sampling periods may
be necessary). Sampling intervals may be relatively short in the
beginning and lengthen as the study progresses. Background samples
should be collected before application of the test substance occurs.*
These criteria were met.

*Triplicate, randomly collected samples should be collected at each
sampling interval.* This criterion was met. Triplicate turf sample
replicates and 10 hand press samples were collected at each sampling
interval.

*Samples should be collected using a suitable methodology (e.g.,
California Cloth Roller, Polyurethane Roller, Drag Sled, etc.) for
turf.* This criterion was met. Turf residue samples were collected using
the modified California Cloth Roller methodology and hand press
methodology.

*Control plots should be established from which sufficient control
samples can be collected. Control sites should be upwind and a
reasonable distance from the treatment site.* These criteria were not
met. A separate control plot was not used at any of the test sites.
Control samples were collected from each plot prior to the application.

*Residues should be dislodged from turf within a reasonable time period
(i.e., EPA recommends that dislodging occur within 4 hours).* *Other
transferable method samples should be handled in a manner that is
appropriate to the method used.* This criterion was met. The modified
California cloth roller was used for the cloth dosimeters and a hand
press method was used for gauze pad samples. Extraction of the residues
from the cloth sample occurred just prior to analysis of the samples.

*Samples should be stored in a manner that will minimize deterioration
and loss of analytes between collection and analysis. Information on
storage stability should be provided.* This criterion was met. Results
from the analyses of the field fortification samples were used to verify
the stability of carbaryl residues on cloth dosimeters and hand press
samples kept in storage.

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*Validated analytical methods of sufficient sensitivity are needed.
Information on method efficiency (residue recovery), and limit of
quantitation (LOQ) should be provided.* These criteria were met. The
analytical method was validated prior to the start of the study and
information on method efficiency was provided with the Study Report. The
limits of quantitation (LOQ) for carbaryl residues on cotton percale
cloth and hand wipes were 1.0 g/sample and 0.10 g/sample, respectively.

*Information on recovery samples must be included in the study report. A
complete set of field recoveries should consist of at least one blank
control sample and three or more each of a low-level and high-level
fortification. These fortifications should be in the range of
anticipated residue levels in the field study.* These criteria were met.

*Raw residue data must be corrected if appropriate recovery values are
less than 90 percent. Distributional data should be reported, to the
extent possible.* This criterion was met. The Registrant corrected all
of the raw residue data for the corresponding field fortification
sample(s) analyzed with each set of field samples.

R*esidue data expressed as ug/cm^2^.* This criterion was met.