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**Frequently Asked Questions**

The tables on these pages include answers to frequently asked questions,
including the names of national monuments established by acts of
Congress; the number of national monuments established by presidents;
name or designation changes to national monuments; abolished national
monuments; and statistics related to the administration of national
monuments by federal agency.

**National Monuments Established by Acts of Congress**

A number of national parks were established by acts of Congress, not by
presidential proclamation under the authority of the Antiquities Act of
1906. The term "national monuments" in both Presidential and
Congressional cases is an indication of management status.

+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| **National          | **Co | **Date   | *        | **Starting      |
| Monument**          | ngre | Est.**   | *Statute | Acreage         |
|                     | ss** |          | No.**    | (exceptions     |
|                     |      |          |          | noted)**        |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Kill Devil Hill     | 69th | 3/2/1927 | 44 Stat. | 314             |
|                     |      |          | 1264     |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Colonial            | 71st | 7/3/1930 | 46 Stat. |  2,500          |
|                     |      |          | 855      | (authorized)    |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Canyon de Chelly    | 71st | 2        | 46 Stat. |  8,3840         |
|                     |      | /14/1931 | 1161     |                 |
|                     |      |          |          |                 |
|                     |      |          |          |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| George Washington   | 71st | 1        | 46 Stat. |  393.68         |
| Birthplace          |      | /23/1930 | 58       |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Ocmulgee            | 73rd | 6        | 48 Stat. |  678.48         |
|                     |      | /14/1934 | 958      |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Appomattox          | 74th | 8        | 49 Stat. |  1              |
|                     |      | /13/1935 | 613      |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Patrick Henry       | 74th | 8        | 49 Stat. | Repealed. Dec.  |
|                     |      | /15/1935 | 652      | 21, 1944        |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Fort Stanwix        | 74th | 8        | 49 Stat. |  15.52          |
|                     |      | /21/1935 | 665      | (current)       |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Ackia Battleground  | 74th | 8        | 49 Stat. |  49             |
|                     |      | /27/1935 | 897      |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Andrew Johnson      | 74th | 8        | 49 Stat. |  17 (current)   |
|                     |      | /29/1935 | 958      |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Homestead           | 74th | 3        | 49 Stat. |  160            |
|                     |      | /19/1936 | 1184     |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Fort Frederica      | 74th | 5        | 49 Stat. |  80             |
|                     |      | /26/1936 | 1373     |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Perry\'s Victory    | 74th | 6/2/1936 | 49 Stat. |  14.25          |
|                     |      |          | 1393     |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Whitman             | 74th | 6        | 49 Stat. |  45.94          |
|                     |      | /29/1936 | 2028     | (affected)      |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Pipestone           | 75th | 8        | 50 Stat. |  115.86         |
|                     |      | /25/1937 | 804, 805 |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Badlands            | 76th | 1        | 45       |  130,000        |
|                     |      | /24/1939 | S        | (affected)      |
|                     |      |          | tat.1553 |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Fort McHenry        | 76th | 8        | 53 Stat. |  43.46          |
|                     |      | /11/1939 | 1405     | (current)       |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| George Washington   | 78th | 7        | 57 Stat. |  210 (current)  |
| Carver              |      | /14/1943 | 563      |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Harpers Ferry       | 78th | 6        | 58 Stat. |  1,500          |
|                     |      | /30/1944 | 645      | (authorized)    |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Custer Battlefield  | 79th | 3        | 60 Stat. | 765.34          |
|                     |      | /22/1946 | 59       | (affected)      |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Castle Clinton      | 79th | 8        | 60 Stat. |  1              |
|                     |      | /12/1946 | 997      |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Fort Vancouver      | 80th | 6        | 62 Stat. |  209 (affected) |
|                     |      | /19/1948 | 532      |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Fort Sumter         | 80th | 4        | 62 Stat. |  125            |
|                     |      | /28/1948 | 204      |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Saint Croix         | 81st | 6/8/1949 | 63 Stat. |  28.44          |
|                     |      |          | 168      | (affected)      |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Fort Union          | 83rd | 6        | 68 Stat. |  720.6          |
|                     |      | /28/1954 | 298      |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Booker T.           | 84th | 4/2/1956 | 70 Stat. |  199            |
| Washington          |      |          | 86       |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Grand Portage       | 85th | 9/2/1958 | 72 Stat. | 709.97          |
|                     |      |          | 1751     |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Agate Fossil Beds   | 89th | 6/5/1965 | 79 Stat. |  3,065          |
|                     |      |          | 123      |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Pecos               | 89th | 6        | 79 Stat. |  342            |
|                     |      | /28/1965 | 195      |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Alibates Flint      | 89th | 8        | 79 Stat. |  1,371          |
| Quarries            |      | /31/1965 | 587      | (current)       |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Biscayne            | 90th | 10       | 82 Stat. |  17,2924.07     |
|                     |      | /18/1968 | 1188     | (current)       |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Florissant Fossil   | 91st | 8        | 83 Stat. |  5,998.09       |
| Beds                |      | /20/1969 | 101      | (current)       |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Hohokam Pima        | 92nd | 10       | 86 Stat. |  1,690          |
|                     |      | /21/1972 | 1047     | (current)       |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Fossil Butte        | 92nd | 10       | 86 Stat. |  8,198          |
|                     |      | /23/1972 | 1069     |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| John Day Fossil     | 93rd | 10       | 88 Stat. |  14402.23       |
| Butte               |      | /26/1974 | 1461     |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Congaree Swamp      | 94th | 10       | 90 Stat. |  21,867.53      |
|                     |      | /18/1976 | 2517     | (current)       |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Salinas National    | 96th | 12       | 94 Stat. | 466             |
| Monument            |      | /19/1980 | 3231     | (authorized)    |
| (incorporated Gran  |      |          |          |                 |
| Quivira NM)         |      |          |          |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Mount Saint Helens  | 97th | 8        | 96 Stat. | 110,000         |
| (both president and |      | /26/1982 | 301      |                 |
| congress)           |      |          |          |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| El Malpais          | 1    | 12       | 101      | 114,277         |
|                     | 00th | /31/1987 | Stat.    |                 |
|                     |      |          | 1539     |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Poverty Point       | 1    | 10       | 102      | 402             |
|                     | 00th | /31/1988 | Stat.    |                 |
|                     |      |          | 2803     |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Hagerman Fossil     | 1    | 11       | 102      |  4,351          |
| Beds                | 00th | /18/1988 | Stat.    |                 |
|                     |      |          | 4575     |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Petroglyph          | 1    | 6        | 104      |  7,236          |
|                     | 01st | /27/1990 | Stat.    |                 |
|                     |      |          | 272      |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+
| Santa Rosa and San  | 1    | 10       | 114      |  272,000        |
| Jacinto Mountains   | 06th | /24/2000 | Stat.    | (current)       |
|                     |      |          | 1362     |                 |
+---------------------+------+----------+----------+-----------------+

**Name and Designation Changes to National Monuments**

  --------------------- ------------ -------------------------------------
  **National Monument** **Date Name  **Changed to**
                        Changed**    

  Admiralty Island      12/1/1978    Incorporated into Tongass NF

  Aniakchak             12/2/1980    Aniakchak National Preserve

  Arches                11/12/1971   Arches National Park

  Becharof              12/1/1978    Becharof National Wildlife Refuge

  Bering Land Bridge    12/2/1980    Bering Land Bridge National Preserve

  Big Hole Battlefield  5/17/1963    Big Hole National Battlefield

  Black Canyon of the   10/21/1999   Black Canyon of the Gunnison National
  Gunnison                           Park

  Bryce Canyon          6/7/1924     Bryce Canyon National Park

  Capitol Reef          12/18/1971   Capitol Reef National Park

  Carlsbad Cave         5/14/1930    Carlsbad Cave National Park

  Chaco Canyon          12/19/1980   Chaco Culture National Historical
                                     Park

  Channel Islands       5/31/1980    Channel Islands National Park

  Chesapeake & Ohio     1/8/1971     Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National
  Canal                              Historical Park

  Cinder Cone           8/9/1916     Lassen Volcanic National Park

  Colonial              5/6/1936     Colonial National Historical Park

  Denali                12/2/1980    Denali National Park and Preserve

  Edison Laboratory     9/5/1962     Edison Laboratory National Historic
                                     Site

  Fort Jefferson        10/26/1992   Dry Tortugas National Park

  Fort Laramie          4/29/1960    Fort Laramie National Historic Site

  Fort Wood             5/11/1965    Statue of Liberty National Monument

  Gates of the Arctic   12/2/1980    Gates of the Arctic National Park and
                                     Preserve

  Giant Sequoia         4/15/2000    Redesignated into Sequioa National
                                     Forest

  Glacier Bay           12/2/1980    Glacier Bay National Park and
                                     Preserve

  Gran Quivira          12/19/1980   Salinas Pueblo Missions National
                                     Monument

  Grand Canyon          2/26/1919    Grand Canyon National Park

  Grand Canyon \"II\"   1/3/1975     Grand Canyon National Park

  Great Sand Dunes      11/22/2000   Great Sand Dunes National Park and
                                     Preserve

  Jackson Hole          9/14/1950    Grand Teton National Park

  Joshua Tree           10/31/1994   Joshua Tree National Park

  Katmai                12/2/1980    Katmai National Park and Preserve

  Kenai Fjords          12/2/1980    Kenai Fjords National Preserve

  Kobuk Valley          12/2/1980    Kobuk Valley National Preserve

  Lake Clark            12/2/1980    Lake Clark National Park & Preserve

  Lassen Volcanic       8/9/1916     Lassen Volcanic National Park

  Lehman Caves          10/27/1986   Incorporated into Great Basin
                                     National Park

  Marble Canyon         1/3/1975     Incorporated into Grand Canyon NP

  Meriwether Lewis      8/10/1961    Included in the Natchez Trace Parkway

  Misty Fjords          12/2/1980    Redesignated within Tongass National
                                     Forest

  Mound City Group      5/27/1992    Hopewell Culture National Historical
                                     Park

  Mount Olympus         6/29/1938    Olympic National Park

  Mukuntu-weap/Zion     11/19/1919   Zion National Park

  Noatak                12/2/1980    Noatak National Preserve

  Petrified Forest      3/28/1958    Petrified Forest National Park

  Saguaro               10/14/1994   Saguaro National Park

  Santa Rosa Island     7/30/1946    Incorporated into Gulf Islands NS

  Sieur de Monts        1930         Acadia National Park

  Sitka                 10/18/1972   Sitka National Historical Park

  Sunset Crater         11/16/1990   Sunset Crater Volcano NM

  Tumacacori            8/6/1990     Tumacacori National Historical Park

  Wrangell-St. Elias    12/2/1980    Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and
                                     Preserve

  Yukon Flats           12/2/1980    Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge

  Yukon-Charley Rivers  12/2/1980    Yukon-Charley Rivers Preserve

  Zion \"II\" (Kolob    7/11/1956    Zion National Park
  Section)                           
  --------------------- ------------ -------------------------------------

**Abolished National Monuments**

  ------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------
  **National          **Date        **Reason**
  Monument**          Abolished**   

  Castle Pinckney     03/29/1956    Declared extraneous; transferred to
                                    South Carolina

  Father Millett      09/07/1949    Declared extraneous; transferred to
  Cross                             New York, now Fort Niagara State Park

  Fossil Cycad        08/01/1956    Resources depleted; transferred to BLM

  Holy Cross          08/03/1950    Difficult to reach and develop, poor
                                    visitation; transferred to U.S. Forest
                                    Service

  Lewis and Clark     08/24/1937    Transferred to Montana, now Lewis &
  Cavern                            Clark Caverns State Park

  Misty Fjords        12/02/1980    Difficult to access and develop, poor
                                    visitation; transferred to US Forest
                                    Service, now part of Tongass National
                                    Forest

  Old Kasaan          07/26/1955    Transferred to U.S. Forest Service,
                                    now part of Tongass National Forest

  Papago Saguaro      04/07/1930    Transferred to Arizona, now Papago
                                    Park

  Shoshone Cavern     05/17/1954    Transferred to Wyoming, cannot be
                                    visited

  Verendrye           07/30/1956    Historically inaccurate; transferred
                                    to North Dakota

  Wheeler             08/03/1950    Transferred to U.S. Forest Service,
                                    now part of Rio Grande National Forest
  ------------------- ------------- --------------------------------------

**Presidents and National Monuments**

  ------------------------- ------------------- -------------------------
  President                 Total NMs           Acres

  T. Roosevelt              18                  1,530,934

  W. Taft                   10                  31,700.49

  W. Wilson                 13                  1,122,923

  W. Harding                10                  13,365

  C. Coolidge               11                  1,449,887

  H. Hoover                 9                   1,361,805

  F. Roosevelt              11                  1,050,909

  H. Truman                 1                   1,000.00

  D. Eisenhower             2                   5,265.45

  J. Kennedy                2                   1,160.45

  L. Johnson                1                   32,546.69

  J. Carter                 15                  54,125,000

  W. Clinton                19                  5,031,391

  G.W. Bush                 2                   89,600,000
  ------------------------- ------------------- -------------------------

**Administration of National Monuments**

+--------------------+-------+-----------------------------------------+
| **Agency**         | **No. | **Names**                               |
|                    | NMs** |                                         |
+--------------------+-------+-----------------------------------------+
| Bureau of Land     | 15    | Agua Fria, Grand Canyon-Parashant,      |
| Management (BLM)   |       | Ironwood Forest, Sonoran Desert,        |
|                    |       | Vermillion Cliffs, California Coastal,  |
|                    |       | Carrizo Plain, Santa Rosa and San       |
|                    |       | Jacinto Mountains, Canyons of the       |
|                    |       | Ancients, Craters of the Moon, Pompeys  |
|                    |       | Pillar, Upper Missouri River,           |
|                    |       | Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks,                |
|                    |       | Cascade-Siskiyou, Grand                 |
|                    |       | Staircase-Escalante                     |
+--------------------+-------+-----------------------------------------+
| Fish and Wildlife  | 3     | Becharof, Yukon Flats, Hanford Reach,   |
| Service (FWS)      |       | Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine    |
+--------------------+-------+-----------------------------------------+
| National Park      | 90    | Monuments List:                         |
| Service            |       |                                         |
|                    |       | \<http://www.cr.nps.gov/archeology      |
| (NPS)              |       | /sites/Antiquities/MonumentsList.htm\>. |
+--------------------+-------+-----------------------------------------+
| National Oceanic   | 1     | Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine    |
| and Atmospheric    |       |                                         |
| Administration     |       |                                         |
| (NOAA)             |       |                                         |
+--------------------+-------+-----------------------------------------+
| Forest Service     | 4     | Admiralty Island, Giant Sequoia, Misty  |
|                    |       | Fjords, Old Kasaan                      |
+--------------------+-------+-----------------------------------------+
| **Cooperative      |       |                                         |
| management**       |       |                                         |
+--------------------+-------+-----------------------------------------+
| NPS and BLM        | 2     | Grand Canyon-Parashant, Craters of the  |
|                    |       | Moon                                    |
+--------------------+-------+-----------------------------------------+
| FWS and NOAA       | 1     | Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine    |
+--------------------+-------+-----------------------------------------+