**[Methyl Bromide Critical Use Nomination]{.smallcaps}**

**[for Post Harvest Use on Dry Cured Pork Products]{.smallcaps}**

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [For Administrative Purposes Only:]{.smallcaps}                       |
|                                                                       |
| **[Date received by Ozone Secretariat:]{.smallcaps}**                 |
|                                                                       |
| YEAR: CUN:                                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| **[Nominating      | # The United States of America (U.S.)           |
| Par                |                                                 |
| ty:]{.smallcaps}** |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| **[Brief           | Methyl Bromide Critical Use Nomination          |
| Descriptive Title  |                                                 |
| of                 | for Post Harvest Use on Dry Cured Pork Products |
| Nominati           |                                                 |
| on:]{.smallcaps}** |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **[Nominating Party  |                                               |
| Contact              |                                               |
| De                   |                                               |
| tails]{.smallcaps}** |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Contact Person:      | John E. Thompson, Ph. D.                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Title:               | International Affairs Officer                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Address:             | Office of Environmental Policy                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | U.S. Department of State                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | 2201 C Street N.W. Room 4325                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | Washington, DC 20520                          |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | U.S.A.                                        |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Telephone:           | \(202\) 647-9799                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Fax:                 | \(202\) 647-5947                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| E-mail:              | <ThompsonJE2@state.gov>                       |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Following the        |                                               |
| requirements of      |                                               |
| Decision IX/6        |                                               |
| paragraph (a)(1),    |                                               |
| the United States of |                                               |
| America has          |                                               |
| determined that the  |                                               |
| specific use         |                                               |
| detailed in this     |                                               |
| Critical use         |                                               |
| Nomination is        |                                               |
| critical because the |                                               |
| lack of availability |                                               |
| of methyl bromide    |                                               |
| for this use would   |                                               |
| result in a          |                                               |
| significant market   |                                               |
| disruption.          |                                               |
|                      |                                               |
| X Yes  No           |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

  ------------------------ -----------------------------------------------
  **[Contact or Expert(s)  
  for Further Technical    
  Details]{.smallcaps}**   

  Contact/Expert Person:   Tina E. Levine, Ph.D.

  Title:                   Division Director

  Address:                 Biological and Economic Analysis Division

                           Office of Pesticide Programs

                           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

                           Mail Code 7503C

                           Washington, DC 20460

                           U.S.A.

  Telephone:               \(703\) 308-3099

  Fax:                     \(703\) 308-8090

  E-mail:                  <levine.tina@epa.gov>

                           
  ------------------------ -----------------------------------------------

# [List of Documents Sent to the Ozone Secretariat in Official Nomination Package]{.smallcaps}

List all paper and electronic documents submitted by the Nominating
Party to the Ozone Secretariat

+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------------+
| 1.  **[Paper Documents:]{.smallcaps}**       | **     | **Date Sent |
|                                              | Number | to Ozone    |
| > **Title of Paper Documents and             | of     | Se          |
| > Appendices**                               | P      | cretariat** |
|                                              | ages** |             |
+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------------+
|                                              |        |             |
+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------------+
|                                              |        |             |
+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------------+
|                                              |        |             |
+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------------+
|                                              |        |             |
+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------------+

+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------------+
| 2.  **[electronic copies of all paper        | **Size | **Date Sent |
|     documents:]{.smallcaps}**                | of     | to Ozone    |
|                                              | File   | Se          |
| **Title of Electronic Files**                | (kb)** | cretariat** |
+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------------+
|                                              |        |             |
+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------------+
|                                              |        |             |
+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------------+
|                                              |        |             |
+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------------+
|                                              |        |             |
+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------------+

***TABLE OF CONTENTS***

[Part A: Summary 5](#part-a-summary)

[1. Nominating Party 5](#__RefHeading___Toc65644650)

[2. Descriptive Title of Nomination 5](#__RefHeading___Toc65644651)

[3. Situation of Nominated Methyl Bromide Use
5](#__RefHeading___Toc65644652)

[4. Methyl Bromide Nominated 6](#__RefHeading___Toc65644653)

[5. Brief Summary of the Need for Methyl Bromide as a Critical Use
7](#__RefHeading___Toc65644654)

[6. Methyl Bromide Consumption for Past 5 Years and Amount Required in
the Year(s) Nominated 9](#__RefHeading___Toc65644655)

[7. Location of the Facility or Facilities Where the Proposed Critical
Use of Methyl Bromide Will Take Place 9](#__RefHeading___Toc65644656)

[Part B: Situation Characteristics and Methyl Bromide Use
11](#__RefHeading___Toc65644657)

[8. Key Pests for which Methyl Bromide is Requested
11](#__RefHeading___Toc65644658)

[**9.** Summary of the Circumstances in which Methyl Bromide is
Currently Being Used 12](#__RefHeading___Toc65644659)

[10. List Alternative Techniques that are being Used to Control Key
Target Pest Species in this Sector 12](#__RefHeading___Toc65644660)

[Part C: Technical Validation 13](#__RefHeading___Toc65644661)

[11. Summarize the Alternative(s) Tested, Starting with the Most
Promising Alternative(s) 13](#__RefHeading___Toc65644662)

[12.Summarize Technical Reasons, if any, for each Alternative not being
Feasible or Available for your Circumstances
14](#__RefHeading___Toc65644663)

[Part D: Emission Control 15](#__RefHeading___Toc65644664)

[13. How has this Sector Reduced the Use and Emissions of Methyl Bromide
in the Situation of the Nomination? 15](#__RefHeading___Toc65644665)

[Part E: Economic Assessment 15](#__RefHeading___Toc65644666)

[14. Costs of Alternatives Compared to Methyl Bromide Over 3-Year Period
15](#__RefHeading___Toc65644667)

[15. Summarize Economic Reasons, if any, for each Alternative not being
Feasible or Available for your Circumstances
15](#__RefHeading___Toc65644668)

[Measures of Economic Impacts of Methyl Bromide Alternatives
15](#__RefHeading___Toc65644669)

[Part F: Future Plans 15](#__RefHeading___Toc65644670)

[16. Provide a Detailed Plan Describing how the Use and Emissions of
Methyl Bromide will be Minimized in the Future for the Nominated Use.
16](#__RefHeading___Toc65644671)

[17. Provide a Detailed Plan Describing what Actions will be Undertaken
to Rapidly Develop and Deploy Alternatives for this Use
16](#__RefHeading___Toc65644672)

[18. Additional Comments 16](#__RefHeading___Toc65644673)

[19. Citations 16](#__RefHeading___Toc65644674)

[[APPENDIX B. Summary of New Applicants]{.smallcaps}
21](#__RefHeading___Toc65644675)

***List of Tables***

[*Part A: Summary* 5](#part-a-summary)

[Table 4.1: Methyl Bromide Nominated 6](#__RefHeading___Toc65644677)

[Table A.1: Executive Summary 8](#__RefHeading___Toc65644678)

[Table 6.1: Methyl Bromide Consumption for the Past 5 Years and the
Amount Required in the Year(s) Nominated 9](#__RefHeading___Toc65644679)

[Table A.2 2005 Sector Request 10](#__RefHeading___Toc65644680)

[Table A.3 2006 Sector Nomination 10](#__RefHeading___Toc65644681)

[*Part B: Situation Characteristics and Methyl Bromide Use*
11](#__RefHeading___Toc65644657)

[Table 8.1: Key Pests for Methyl Bromide Request
11](#__RefHeading___Toc65644683)

[Table B.1: Characteristic of Sector 11](#__RefHeading___Toc65644684)

[Table 9.1(a.): Dry Cured Pork Products 12](#__RefHeading___Toc65644685)

[Table 9.1(b.): Fixed Facilities 12](#__RefHeading___Toc65644686)

[*Part C: Technical Validation* 13](#__RefHeading___Toc65644687)

[Table 12.1. Summary of Technical Reason for each Alternative not being
Feasible or Available 14](#__RefHeading___Toc65644688)

[*Part E: Economic Assessment* 15](#__RefHeading___Toc65644666)

[Table 14.1 Costs of Alternatives Compared to Methyl Bromide Over a
3-Year Period 15](#__RefHeading___Toc65644690)

[Table 15.1. Summary of Economic Reasons for each Alternative not being
Feasible or Available 15](#__RefHeading___Toc65644691)

[APPENDIX A. 2006 Methyl Bromide Usage Numerical Index (BUNI).
17](#__RefHeading___Toc65644692)

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # [Part A: Summary]{.smallcaps}                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[1. Nominating Party]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644650
  .anchor}

  The United States of America
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[2. Descriptive Title of
  Nomination]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644651 .anchor}

  Methyl Bromide Critical Use Nomination For Post Harvest Use on Dry
  Cured Pork Products
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3.  **[Situation of Nominated Methyl Bromide                          |
|     Use]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644652 .anchor}         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

Curing is a method of preserving meat that prevents harmful
micro‑organisms from developing. Two curing methods have been developed
-- wet (or brine) curing and dry curing. In wet curing, the curing
ingredients were mixed with boiling water to form \"pickling\" brine. In
dry curing, the ingredients were simply rubbed into the meat several
times over the period of the cure. This nomination is for dry cured pork
products such as dry cured ham, dry cured country ham, hard salami,
pepperoni, and sausage. Other types of preserved pork products are not
included in this request.

**[Dry Curing Pork in the United States]{.underline}**

Dry cured country hams are traditional in the southern part of the
United States. Historically, this process was calendar based --
beginning in the winter months and ending the following autumn. Pigs
would be slaughtered and the ham curing process always started during
the winter months. The cold winter temperatures would keep the meat cool
enough to slow the growth of bacteria that would spoil the ham. Each ham
was covered with a salt and sugar cure at least twice and stacked for
the winter. In the spring, the ham was washed free of the salt and sugar
cure, placed in a woven bag, and left to hang for the summer and into
the fall. By late fall, the ham reached peak flavor and was ready for
consumption.

Modern commercial production now uses environmentally controlled
conditions that mimic the historical process and allows the manufacture
of a consistently high quality product year round. Some processors,
however, still chose to produce their cured meats in the traditional
manner. The time required to cure hams vary from about 20 to more than
120 days. Key parameters in the curing process are temperature and
relative humidity, both of which are controlled by air flow. In addition
to curing, smoking may occur.

Curing facilities may be up to 2-3 stories in height and typically have
curing rooms that use either wood or stainless steel racks to hang the
hams. The curing rooms can hold up to 4000 hams.

**[Pest Pressure]{.underline}**

It is common for producers of dry cured pork products to experience pest
pressure from insects such as the ham skipper, the red legged ham
beetle, and mites. These insects infest and feed on meat as it cures and
ages. Environmental conditions such as rain, temperature, and humidity
in and around the curing facility influence the level of pest pressure.
In general, higher temperature and humidity levels result in higher the
pest pressure.

**[Steps in the Curing Process]{.underline}**

**Step 1 (Winter Room) \--** Ham is typically salted and sugared using a
dry rub method on Day 1 and Day 15. The temperature is approximately 38
degrees Fahrenheit with low humidity. Sometime between days 42 - 50, the
salt and sugar are scraped and rubbed off of the ham.

In this room, the high salt content is sufficient to keep insect pest
pressure to a minimum.

**Step 2 (Spring Room) \--** After being removed from the winter room,
the hams are wrapped in cotton netting and placed in the spring room for
only 10 -15 days. The temperature is approximately 50 - 55 degrees
Fahrenheit at 50% humidity. The humidity is very important at this stage
and it is monitored closely. Most hams are equalized in the spring room.
Equalization is a process whereby the salt cure penetrates from the
surface of the ham, through the skin, and to the inner portion of the
ham.

There are no insect problems here due to the low temperature and the
limited amount of time that the hams are in this room.

## Step 3 (Summer or Aging Room) -- Hams are next moved to the summer (or aging room) for up to 120 days. The temperature is maintained between 80 - 90 degrees Fahrenheit at 55% humidity. These conditions are very important to develop an intense, concentrated flavor and aroma.

As the ham ages, the moisture content of the ham will decrease, the salt
content increases, and the chances of bacterial action become limited.
If desired, smoking of the hams may occur here, or in a separate "smoke
house".

Since the temperature and humidity are higher in this room, conditions
are ideal for pest pressure. It is at this stage that the application of
methyl bromide is necessary.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **4.** **[Methyl Bromide                                              |
| Nominated]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644653 .anchor}       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **[Table 4.1: Methyl Bromide                                          |
| Nominated]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644677 .anchor}       |
|                                                                       |
|   --------                                                            |
| ---------------- --------------------------- ------------------------ |
|   **[Y                                                                |
| ear]{.smallcaps}**   **[Nomination amount        **[Nomination Volume |
|                            (kg)]{.smallcaps}**         (1,000         |
|                                                                       |
|                                                  m^3^)]{.smallcaps}** |
|                                                                       |
|   **[200                                                              |
| 6]{.smallcaps}**   **[169,246]{.smallcaps}**   **[7043]{.smallcaps}** |
|   --------                                                            |
| ---------------- --------------------------- ------------------------ |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **5[. Brief Summary of the Need for Methyl Bromide as a Critical
  Use]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644654 .anchor}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

The U.S. nomination is only for those facilities where the use of
alternatives is not suitable. In U.S. pork processing plants that
produce dry-cured pork products there are several factors that make the
potential alternatives to methyl bromide unsuitable. These include:

-   Pest control efficacy of alternatives: the efficacy of alternatives
    may not be comparable to methyl bromide, making these alternatives
    technically and/or economically infeasible.

-   Geographic distribution of the facilities: Facilities included in
    this nomination are located in the southern U.S. where mild
    temperatures and high relative humidity result in key pest pressures
    that are moderate to severe. These ambient conditions require that
    pests be killed rather than merely driven out of the facility only
    to re-infest the facility after fumigation.

-   Age and type of facility: older food processing facilities,
    especially those constructed of wood, experience more frequent and
    severe pest infestations that must be controlled by fumigation. In
    the United States it is usual for dry-cured processed pork to be
    produced in traditional facilities. These facilities are usually
    constructed of wood and many are decades old, if not older. Many
    newer facilities are constructed using the older facilities as
    models.

-   Constraints of the alternatives: some types of commodities (e.g.,
    those containing high levels of fats and oils) prevent the use of
    heat as an alternative because of its effect on the final product
    (e.g., rancidity). All of the pork products are relatively high fat
    products so rancidity would be a problem. In addition, using heat
    will alter the character of the final product, producing, for
    example, a cooked pork product rather than a dry-cured pork product
    with the attendant flavor differences. Further, the corrosive nature
    of phosphine on certain metals prevents its use in mechanical and
    electrical areas of the facilities.

-   Transition to newly available alternatives: Sulfuryl fluoride
    recently received a Federal registration for certain commodities and
    structures, such as cereal mills. State registrations have not yet
    been issued, which limits the adoption of this alternative even for
    labeled products. At present, pork and pork products are not
    included among the legal uses of sulfuryl fluoride so this chemical
    is not an option for these facilities.

-   Delay in plant operations: e.g., the use of some methyl bromide
    alternatives can add a delay to production by requiring additional
    time to complete the fumigation process. Production delays can
    result in significant economic impacts to the processors.

It is common for producers of cured pork products to experience pest
pressure from insects such as the ham skipper, the red legged ham
beetle, dermestid beetles, and mites. These insects infest and feed on
meat as it cures and ages. Environmental conditions (temperature and
humidity) in and around the facility strongly influence the level of
pest pressure. Under favorable ambient conditions, such as those seen in
silo curing, pest pressure increases and a regular fumigation schedule
is recommended. In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
regulates the maximum levels of live or dead insects or insect parts
that may be present in stored food products. Food commodities that
exceed maximum limits allowed are considered adulterated by FDA and thus
unfit for human consumption. There are currently no alternatives
registered for use on hams in the U.S. that would provide the same level
of pest control.

**[Table A.1: Executive
Summary]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644678 .anchor}

  ----------------------------- --------------------- ----------------------- -------------------
                                ***National Country   ***American Association ***Nahunta Pork
                                Ham Association***    of Meat Processors***   Center***

  **[Amount of                                                                
  Nomination]{.smallcaps}**                                                   

  **2006 Kilograms**            [823]{.smallcaps}     [168,283]{.smallcaps}   [141]{.smallcaps}

  **Application Rate (kg/[1000  [25]{.smallcaps}      [24]{.smallcaps}        [20]{.smallcaps}
  m^3^]{.smallcaps})**                                                        

  **Volume [(1000               [32]{.smallcaps}      [7,004]{.smallcaps}     [7]{.smallcaps}
  m^3^)]{.smallcaps}**                                                        

  **[Amount of Applicants                                                     
  Request]{.smallcaps}**                                                      

  **[2005                       [1,922]{.smallcaps}   [168,283]{.smallcaps}   [145]{.smallcaps}
  Kilograms]{.smallcaps}**                                                    

  **[Application Rate (kg/1000  [25]{.smallcaps}      [24]{.smallcaps}        [20]{.smallcaps}
  m3)]{.smallcaps}**                                                          

  **[Volume (1000               [76]{.smallcaps}      [7,004]{.smallcaps}     [7]{.smallcaps}
  m3)]{.smallcaps}**                                                          

  **[2006                       [1,922]{.smallcaps}   [168,283]{.smallcaps}   [145]{.smallcaps}
  Kilograms]{.smallcaps}**                                                    

  **[Application Rate (kg/1000  [25]{.smallcaps}      [24]{.smallcaps}        [20]{.smallcaps}
  m3)]{.smallcaps}**                                                          

  **[Volume (1000               [76]{.smallcaps}      [7,004]{.smallcaps}     [7]{.smallcaps}
  m3)]{.smallcaps}**                                                          

  **[Economics]{.smallcaps}**                                                 

  **Marginal Strategy**         No information was    No information was      No information was
                                provided.             provided.               provided.

  **Time Lost**                                                               

  **Loss per 1000 m³**                                                        

  **Loss per kg MB (US\$/kg)**                                                

  **Loss as % of Gross Revenue                                                
  (%)**                                                                       

  **Loss as % of Net Revenue                                                  
  (%)**                                                                       
  ----------------------------- --------------------- ----------------------- -------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[6. Methyl Bromide Consumption for Past 5 Years and Amount Required
  in the Year(s) Nominated]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644655
  .anchor}**[:]{.smallcaps}**

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**[Table 6.1: Methyl Bromide Consumption for the Past 5 Years and the
Amount Required in the Year(s)
Nominated]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644679 .anchor}

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   --------------- -------------- ----------                           |
| ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------- ----------- |
|                   **Historical                                        |
|                                                        **Requested    |
|                   Use**                                               |
|                                                        Use**          |
|                                                                       |
|   **For each year **1997**       **1998**                             |
|    **1999**   **2000**   **2001**   **2002**   **2005**      **2006** |
|   specify:**                                                          |
|                                                                       |
|                                                                       |
|   **Amount of MB  1,159          1,309                                |
|     1,291      972        1,659      1,528      170,350       170,350 |
|   (kg)**                                                              |
|                                                                       |
|                                                                       |
|   **Volume        50             53                                   |
|       52         41         48         43         7,087         7,087 |
|   Treated 1000                                                        |
|                                                                       |
|   m³**                                                                |
|                                                                       |
|                                                                       |
|   **Formulation   Information                                         |
|                                                        Information    |
|   of MB**         not provided                                        |
|                                                        not provided   |
|                                                                       |
|   **Dosage Rate   31             30                                   |
|          32         29         38         35         25            25 |
|   (kg/1000 m³)**                                                      |
|                                                                       |
|                                                                       |
|   **Actual (A) or Information                                         |
|                                                        Information    |
|   Estimate (E)**  not provided                                        |
|                                                        not provided   |
|   --------------- -------------- ----------                           |
| ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------- ----------- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[7. Location of the Facilities Where the Proposed Critical Use of
  Methyl Bromide Will Take
  Place]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644656
  .anchor}**[:]{.smallcaps}**

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

There more than 1,650 pork production facilities in the United States.
Of these, approximately 850 facilities require the use of methyl bromide
to fumigate dry cured pork products.

The specific name and physical address of each facility was not
requested in the forms filled out by the applicants in the United
States. However, general location information for the following
facilities is known:

-   Kentucky (Cadiz, Greenville)

-   Missouri (California)

-   North Carolina (Boone, Goldsboro, Smithfield, Wayne County)

-   Virginia (Surry)

-   Tennessee (Various locations)

-   South Carolina (Various locations).

**[Table A.2 2005 Sector
Request\*]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644680 .anchor}

  ----------------------- ----------------------------- --------------------- ----------------------- -------------------
  **[2005                                               ***National Country   ***American Association ***Nahunta Pork
  (]{.smallcaps}Sector)                                 Ham Association***    of Meat Processors***   Center***
  Request**                                                                                           

  **Applicant Request for **[Kilograms]{.smallcaps}**   [1,922]{.smallcaps}   [168,283]{.smallcaps}   [145]{.smallcaps}
  2005**                                                                                              

                          **[Application Rate (kg/1000  [25]{.smallcaps}      [24]{.smallcaps}        [20]{.smallcaps}
                          m3)]{.smallcaps}**                                                          

                          **[Volume (1000               [76]{.smallcaps}      [7,004]{.smallcaps}     [7]{.smallcaps}
                          m3)]{.smallcaps}**                                                          
  ----------------------- ----------------------------- --------------------- ----------------------- -------------------

\* See Appendix A for complete description of how the nominated amount
was calculated.

**[Table A.3 2006 Sector
Nomination]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644681 .anchor}

  ----------------------- ----------------------------- --------------------------- ----------------------- -------------------
  **[2006                                               ***National Country Ham     ***American Association ***Nahunta Pork
  (]{.smallcaps}Sector)                                 Association***              of Meat Processors***   Center***
  Nomination**                                                                                              

  **Applicant Request for **[Kilograms]{.smallcaps}**   [1,922]{.smallcaps}         [168,283]{.smallcaps}   [145]{.smallcaps}
  2006**                                                                                                    

                          **[Application Rate (kg/1000  [25]{.smallcaps}            [24]{.smallcaps}        [20]{.smallcaps}
                          m3)]{.smallcaps}**                                                                

                          **[Volume (1000               [76]{.smallcaps}            [7,004]{.smallcaps}     [7]{.smallcaps}
                          m3)]{.smallcaps}**                                                                

  **CUE Nominated for     **[Kilograms]{.smallcaps}**   [823]{.smallcaps}           [168,283]{.smallcaps}   [141]{.smallcaps}
  2006**                                                                                                    

                          **[Application Rate (kg/1000  [25]{.smallcaps}            [24]{.smallcaps}        [20]{.smallcaps}
                          m3)]{.smallcaps}**                                                                

                          **[Volume (1000               [32]{.smallcaps}            [7,004]{.smallcaps}     [7]{.smallcaps}
                          m3)]{.smallcaps}**                                                                

                                                                                                            

  **2006 Sector           Overall Reduction             **[1%]{.smallcaps}**                                
  Nomination Totals**                                                                                       

                          **Total 2006 U.S. Sector      **[169,246]{.smallcaps}**                           
                          Nominated Kilograms (kg)**                                                        
  ----------------------- ----------------------------- --------------------------- ----------------------- -------------------

\* See Appendix A for complete description of how the nominated amount
was calculated.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[Part B: Situation Characteristics and Methyl Bromide
  Use]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644657 .anchor}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------- --------------------- -----------------------
  **[8. Key Pests for which Methyl Bromide is                                                              
  Requested]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644658                                                   
  .anchor}**[:]{.smallcaps}**                                                                              

  **[Table 8.1: Key Pests for Methyl Bromide                                                               
  Request]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644683                                                     
  .anchor}                                                                                                 

  **[No.]{.smallcaps}**                                    **[Genus and species for  **[Common             **[Specific Reason why
                                                           which the use of Methyl   Name]{.smallcaps}**   Methyl Bromide is
                                                           Bromide is                                      Needed]{.smallcaps}**
                                                           critical]{.smallcaps}**                         

  1                                                        *Necrobia rufipes* --     Red Legged Ham Beetle The adults feed on the
                                                           common pest                                     cured meat. The larvae
                                                                                                           burrow into the meat
                                                                                                           and/or fat. The larvae
                                                                                                           are commonly referred
                                                                                                           to as a "Ham Bore.r"

  2                                                        *Piophila casei* --       Cheese/Ham Skipper    The Skippers are larval
                                                           common pest                                     stages of small flies
                                                                                                           and they burrow into
                                                                                                           the cured meat.

  3                                                        *Dermestes* spp-common    Dermested beetles     
                                                           pests                                           

  4                                                        Mite species \-- common   Ham Mites             The mites feed on the
                                                           pest                                            surface of the cured
                                                                                                           meat.

                                                                                                           
  -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------- --------------------- -----------------------

**[Table B.1: Characteristic of
Sector]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644684 .anchor}

  -------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------
                 **Jan**   **Feb**   **Mar**   **Apr**   **May**   **June**   **July**   **Aug**   **Sept**   **Oct**   **Nov**   **Dec**

  **Raw Material X         X         X         X         X         X          X          X         X          X         X         X
  In**                                                                                                                            

  **Fumigation   X         X         X         X         X         X          X          X         X          X         X         X
  Schedule                                                                                                                        
  (MB)**                                                                                                                          

  **Retail       X         X         X         X         X         X          X          X         X          X         X         X
  Target Market                                                                                                                   
  Window**                                                                                                                        
  -------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------

Raw pork product material can come into a curing facility in any month
of the year.

The Methyl Bromide fumigation schedule will vary depending on several
factors such as:

**1. Type of pork product -** Bone-in products have a higher probability
of pest infestation since the pests are attracted to the bone, and they
typically age for longer periods of time.

**2. Type of structure/facility -** Typically, older curing facilities
have a higher probability of pest infestations, which could be
attributed to the lack of air tightness of the facility. A majority of
the newer facilities have lower pest pressure due to increased air
tightness. Additionally, silo facilities, those that are two to three
stories in height, have a higher probability of insect infestations when
compared to a single story facility.

A single curing and ham storage operation can typically process
10,307,878 kilograms (11,362.5 U.S. tons) of pork products each year.
The curing facilities are fumigated with methyl bromide when pests are
detected in the product or the smokehouses. This fumigation typically
occurs about three to five times during a typical year. During this
process, the smokehouse, typically small building (e.g. four stories),
is covered with tarp and fumigated while full of hams.

# 3. Type of curing - Curing can be achieved by either temperature controlled room curing, or by ambient curing. Ambient curing, which involves uncontrolled environmental conditions, typically requires a regular fumigation schedule due to consistently high levels of pest infestations. 

# 

# 4. Location/climate of structure/facility - These curing facilities are located in southeastern states, where the temperature and humidity are higher for longer periods of time throughout the year. Therefore, there is a greater opportunity for pests to be active for longer periods of time. As the pest pressure increases, so does the need to fumigate with methyl bromide

The retail target market window varies, but there are higher demands for
cured pork products around holidays such as Thanksgiving, Christmas, and
Easter.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[9. Summary of the Circumstances in which Methyl Bromide is Currently
  Being Used]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644659 .anchor}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**[Table 9.1(]{.smallcaps}a.): Dry Cured Pork Products**
[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644685 .anchor}

+--------------+--------+----------+------------+-----------+--------+
| **[Methyl    | **[Ex  | **[Temp. | **[Number  | **[P      | **     |
| Bromide      | posure | (]{.sma  | of         | roportion | [Fixed |
| Dosage       | Time   | llcaps}* | F          | of        | (F),   |
| (]{.s        | (]{.sm | **ºC***[ | umigations | Product   | mobile |
| mallcaps}*** | allcap | )]{.smal | per        | Treated   | (M) or |
| g/m³***[)]{. | s}***h | lcaps}** | Year]{.sm  | at this   | Stack  |
| smallcaps}** | ours** |          | allcaps}** | D         | (S)]{. |
|              | *[)]{. |          |            | ose]{.sma | smallc |
|              | smallc |          |            | llcaps}** | aps}** |
|              | aps}** |          |            |           |        |
+--------------+--------+----------+------------+-----------+--------+
| 32           | Varies | Varies   | Varies     | Up to     | Fixed  |
|              |        | w/       | from       | 100% in   |        |
|              |        | f        |            | some      |        |
|              |        | acility, | 2-8        | fa        |        |
|              |        | but      | f          | cilities. |        |
|              |        | t        | umigations |           |        |
|              |        | ypically | per year.  |           |        |
|              |        | in       | 3-5 times  |           |        |
|              |        | excess   | per year   |           |        |
|              |        | of 27    | common     |           |        |
|              |        | degrees  |            |           |        |
|              |        | C (80    |            |           |        |
|              |        | degrees  |            |           |        |
|              |        | F)       |            |           |        |
+--------------+--------+----------+------------+-----------+--------+

***[Table 9.1]{.smallcaps}(b.): [Fixed
Facilities]{.smallcaps}***[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644686 .anchor}

  ---------------------- -------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------
  **[Type of             **[Vol                     **[Number of Facilities **[Gastightness
  Construction and       (]{.smallcaps}***m³***[)   (e.g. 5                 Estimate\*]{.smallcaps}**
  Approximate age in     or Range]{.smallcaps}**    silos)]{.smallcaps}**   
  Years]{.smallcaps}**                                                      

  More than 850 curing   Varies                     Ranges from 1 story to  Varies
  facilities use methyl                             silo facilities.        
  bromide. The age of                                                       
  the facilities vary.                                                      
  ---------------------- -------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[10. List Alternative Techniques that are being Used to Control Key
  Target Pest Species in this
  Sector]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644660 .anchor}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Currently, no alternative techniques are being used.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[Part C: Technical
  Validation]{.smallcaps}**[[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644661
  .anchor}]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644687 .anchor}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[11. Summarize the Alternative(s) Tested Starting with the Most
  Promising Alternative(s]{.smallcaps}**)[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644662
  .anchor}**[:]{.smallcaps}**

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

The applicants have not provided test data on methyl bromide
alternatives.

+---+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| * |                     |                     |                     |
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+---+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
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| 5 |                     |                     |                     |
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+---+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| * | **[Methyl Bromide   | **[Technical reason | **[Estimated        |
| * | Alterna             | (if any) for the    | month/year when the |
| [ | tive]{.smallcaps}** | alternative not     | technical           |
| N |                     | being               | Constraint          |
| o |                     | Feas                | [could]{.underline} |
| . |                     | ible]{.smallcaps}** | be                  |
| ] |                     |                     | so                  |
| { |                     |                     | lved]{.smallcaps}** |
| . |                     |                     |                     |
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| } |                     |                     |                     |
| * |                     |                     |                     |
| * |                     |                     |                     |
+---+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | Phosphine alone &   | See \*\*1 below     | The applicants did  |
|   | in combination      |                     | not provide any     |
|   |                     |                     | information on this |
|   |                     |                     | topic.              |
+---+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2 | Propylene oxide     | Not registered for  |                     |
|   |                     | this use in the     |                     |
|   |                     | U.S.                |                     |
+---+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 3 | Contact             | None registered for |                     |
|   | insecticides        | this use in the     |                     |
|   |                     | U.S.                |                     |
+---+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 4 | Irradiation         | See \*\*4 below     |                     |
+---+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 5 | Sulfuryl fluoride   | Not registered for  |                     |
|   |                     | this use. Sulfuryl  |                     |
|   |                     | fluoride adsorbs to |                     |
|   |                     | proteins, so        |                     |
|   |                     | anticipated         |                     |
|   |                     | residues would      |                     |
|   |                     | likely be high.     |                     |
+---+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| F |                     |                     |                     |
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+---+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[Part D: Emission
  Control]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644664 .anchor}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[13. How has this Sector Reduced the Use and Emissions of Methyl
  Bromide in the Situation of the
  Nomination]{.smallcaps}**?[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644665 .anchor}

  No information on how this sector has reduced the use and emission of
  methyl bromide was provided by the applicants.
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[Part E: Economic
  Assessment]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644666 .anchor}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[14. Costs of Alternatives Compared to Methyl Bromide Over 3-Year
  Period]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644667 .anchor} *(Provide
  an analysis of how these costs were estimated as a separate
  attachment):*

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

No alternatives are currently registered for use on cured pork products
in the U.S. therefore no economic analysis was conducted

**[Table 14.1 Costs of Alternatives Compared to Methyl Bromide Over a
3-Year Period]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644690 .anchor}

No information was provided by the applicants.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[15. Summarize Economic Reasons, if any, for each Alternative
  [not]{.underline} being Feasible or Available for your
  Circumstances]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644668 .anchor}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**[Table 15.1. Summary of Economic Reasons for each Alternative
[not]{.underline} being Feasible or
Available]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644691 .anchor}

No information was provided by the applicants.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[Measures of Economic Impacts of Methyl Bromide
  Alternatives]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644669 .anchor}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**[Table E.1: Economic Impacts of Methyl Bromide
Alternatives]{.smallcaps}**

No information was provided by the applicants.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[Part F: Future Plans]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644670
  .anchor}

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **[16. Provide a Detailed Plan Describing how the Use and Emissions of
  Methyl Bromide will be Minimized in the Future for the Nominated
  Use.]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644671 .anchor}

  The U.S. wants to note that our usage rate is among the lowest in the
  world in requested sectors and represents efforts of both the
  government and the user community over many years to reduce use rates
  and emissions. We will continue to work with the user community in each
  sector to identify further opportunities to reduce methyl bromide use
  and emissions.
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --
  **[17. Provide a Detailed Plan Describing what Actions will be         
  Undertaken to Rapidly Develop and Deploy Alternatives for this         
  Use]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644672                       
  .anchor}**[:]{.smallcaps}**                                            

  No alternatives have been researched.                                  

  **[18. Additional                                                      
  Comments]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644673 .anchor}         

  No additional comments were provided by the applicants.                

  **[19. Citations]{.smallcaps}**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644674 .anchor} 
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --

Bell, C.H. 2000. Fumigation in the 21^st^ Century. Crop Protection,
19:563-69.

**APPENDIX A. 2006 Methyl Bromide Usage Numerical Index
(BUNI**).[]{#__RefHeading___Toc65644692 .anchor}

![](media/image1.wmf)

**Footnotes for Appendix A:**

Values may not sum exactly due to rounding.

1.  **[Average Volume in the U.S.]{.underline}** -- Average Volume in
    the U.S. is the average of 2001 and 2002 total volume fumigated with
    methyl bromide in the U.S. in this sector (when available).

2.  **[% of Average Volume Requested]{.underline}** - Percent (%) of
    Average Volume Requested is the total volume in the sector's request
    divided by the Average Volume in the U.S. (when available).

3.  **[2006 Amount of Request]{.underline}** -- The 2006 amount of
    request is the actual amount requested by applicants given in total
    pounds active ingredient of methyl bromide, total volume of methyl
    bromide use, and application rate in pounds active ingredient of
    methyl bromide per thousand cubic feet. U.S. units of measure were
    used to describe the initial request and then were converted to
    metric units to calculate the amount of the U.S. nomination.

4.  **[2001 & 2002 Average Use]{.underline}** -- The 2001 & 2002 Average
    Use is the average of the 2001 and 2002 historical usage figures
    provided by the applicants given in kilograms active ingredient of
    methyl bromide, total volume of methyl bromide use, and application
    rate in kilograms active ingredient of methyl bromide per thousand
    cubic meters. Adjustments are made when necessary due in part to
    unavailable 2002 estimates in which case only the 2001 average use
    figure is used.

5.  **[Quarantine and Pre-Shipment]{.underline}** -- Quarantine and
    pre-shipment (QPS) is the percentage (%) of the applicant's
    requested amount subject to QPS treatments.

6.  **[Regional Volume, 2001 & 2002 Average Volume]{.underline}** --
    Regional Volume, 2001 & 2002 Average Volume is the 2001 and 2002
    average estimate of volume of methyl bromide used within the defined
    region (when available).

7.  [**Regional Volume, Requested Volume %**]{.underline} - Regional
    Volume, Requested Volume % is the volume in the applicant's request
    divided by the total volume fumigated with methyl bromide in the
    sector in the region covered by the request.

8.  **[2006 Nomination Options]{.underline}** -- 2006 Nomination Options
    are the options of the inclusion of various factors used to adjust
    the initial applicant request into the nomination figure.

9.  **[Subtractions from Requested Amounts]{.underline}** --
    Subtractions from Requested Amounts are the elements that were
    subtracted from the initial request amount.

10. **[Subtractions from Requested Amounts, 2006 Request]{.underline}**
    -- Subtractions from Requested Amounts, 2006 Request is the starting
    point for all calculations. This is the amount of the applicant
    request in kilograms.

11. **[Subtractions from Requested Amounts, Double
    Counting]{.underline}** - Subtractions from Requested Amounts,
    Double Counting is the estimate measured in kilograms in situations
    where an applicant has made a request for a CUE with an individual
    application while a consortium has also made a request for a CUE on
    their behalf in the consortium application. In these cases the
    double counting is removed from the consortium application and the
    individual application takes precedence.

12. **[Subtractions from Requested Amounts, Growth or 2002 CUE
    Comparison]{.underline}** - Subtractions from Requested Amounts,
    Growth or 2002 CUE Comparison is the greatest reduction of the
    estimate measured in kilograms of either the difference in the
    amount of methyl bromide requested by the applicant that is greater
    than that historically used or treated at a higher use rate or the
    difference in the 2006 request from an applicant's 2002 CUE
    application compared with the 2006 request from the applicant's 2003
    CUE application.

13. **[Subtractions from Requested Amounts, QPS]{.underline}** -
    Subtractions from Requested Amounts, QPS is the estimate measured in
    kilograms of the request subject to QPS treatments. This subtraction
    estimate is calculated as the 2006 Request minus Double Counting,
    minus Growth or 2002 CUE Comparison then multiplied by the
    percentage subject to QPS treatments. *Subtraction from Requested
    Amounts, QPS = (2006 Request -- Double Counting -- Growth)\*(QPS %)*

14. **[Subtraction from Requested Amounts, Use Rate
    Difference]{.underline}** -- Subtractions from requested amounts,
    use rate difference is the estimate measured in kilograms of the
    lower of the historic use rate or the requested use rate. The
    subtraction estimate is calculated as the 2006 Request minus Double
    Counting, minus Growth or 2002 CUE Comparison, minus the QPS amount,
    if applicable, minus the difference between the requested use rate
    and the lowest use rate applied to the remaining hectares.

15. **[Adjustments to Requested Amounts]{.underline}** -- Adjustments to
    requested amounts were factors that reduced to total amount of
    methyl bromide requested by factoring in the specific situations
    were the applicant could use alternatives to methyl bromide. These
    are calculated as proportions of the total request. We have tried to
    make the adjustment to the requested amounts in the most appropriate
    category when the adjustment could fall into more than one category.

16. **[Use Rate kg/ 1000 m^3^ 2006]{.underline}** -- Use rate in pounds
    per thousand cubic feet, 2006, is the use rate requested by the
    applicant as derived from the total volume to be fumigated divided
    by the total amount (in pounds) of methyl bromide requested.

17. **[Use Rate kg/ 1000 m^3^ low]{.underline}** -- Use rate in pounds
    per thousand cubic feet, low, is the lowest historic use rate
    reported by the applicant. The use rate selected for determining the
    amount to nominate is the lower of this rate or the 2006 use rate
    (above).

18. **[(%) Key Pest Impacts]{.underline}** - Percent (%) of the
    requested area with moderate to severe pest problems. Key pests are
    those that are not adequately controlled by MB alternatives. For
    structures/ food facilities and commodities, key pests are assumed
    to infest 100% of the volume for the specific uses requested in that
    100% of the problem must be eradicated.

19. **[Adopt New Fumigants (%)]{.underline}** -- Adopt new fumigants (%)
    is the percent (%) of the requested volume where we expect
    alternatives could be adopted to replace methyl bromide during the
    year of the CUE request.

20. **[Combined Impacts (%)]{.underline}** - Total combined impacts are
    the percent (%) of the requested area where alternatives cannot be
    used due to key pest, regulatory, and new fumigants. In each case
    the total area impacted is the conjoined area that is impacted by
    any individual impact. The effects were assumed to be independently
    distributed unless contrary evidence was available (e.g., affects
    are known to be mutually exclusive).

21. **[Qualifying Volume]{.underline}** - Qualifying volume (1000 cubic
    meters) is calculated by multiplying the adjusted volume by the
    combined impacts.

22. **[CUE Nominated amount]{.underline}** - CUE nominated amount is
    calculated by multiplying the qualifying volume by the use rate.

23. **[Percent Reduction]{.underline}** - Percent reduction from initial
    request is the percentage of the initial request that did not
    qualify for the CUE nomination.

24. **[Sum of CUE Nominations in Sector]{.underline}** -
    Self-explanatory.

25. **[Total U.S. Sector Nomination]{.underline}** - Total U.S. sector
    nomination is the most likely estimate of the amount needed in that
    sector.

26. **[Dichotomous Variables]{.underline}** -- dichotomous variables are
    those which take one of two values, for example, 0 or 1, yes or no.
    These variables were used to categorize the uses during the
    preparation of the nomination.

27. **[Currently Use Alternatives]{.underline}** -- Currently use
    alternatives is 'yes' if the applicant uses alternatives for some
    portion of pesticide use on the crop for which an application to use
    methyl bromide is made.

28. **[Research/ Transition Plans]{.underline}** -- Research/ Transition
    Plans is 'yes' when the applicant has indicated that there is
    research underway to test alternatives or if applicant has a plan to
    transition to alternatives.

29. **[Pest-free Market. Required]{.underline}** - This variable is a
    'yes' when the product must be pest-free in order to be sold either
    because of U.S. sanitary requirements or because of consumer
    acceptance.

30. **[Other Issues]{.underline}**.- Other issues is a short reminder of
    other elements of an application that were checked

31. **[Change from Prior CUE Request]{.underline}**- This variable takes
    a '+' if the current request is larger than the previous request, a
    '0' if the current request is equal to the previous request, and a
    '-' if the current request is smaller that the previous request. If
    the applicant has not previously applied the word 'new' appears in
    this column.

32. **[Verified Historic Use/ State]{.underline}**- This item indicates
    whether the amounts requested by administrative area have been
    compared to records of historic use in that area.

33. **[Frequency of Treatment]{.underline}** -- This indicates how often
    methyl bromide is applied in the sector. Frequency varies from
    multiple times per year to once in several decades.

34. **[Economic Analysis]{.underline}** -- provides summary economic
    information for the applications.

35. **[Loss per 1000 m^3^]{.underline}** -- This measures the total loss
    per 1000 m^3^ of fumigation when a specific alternative is used in
    place of methyl bromide. Loss comprises both the monetized value of
    yield loss (relative to yields obtained with methyl bromide) and any
    additional costs incurred through use of the alternative, such as
    longer time spent in the fumigation chamber. It is measured in
    current U.S. dollars.

36. **[Loss per Kilogram of Methyl Bromide]{.underline}** -- This
    measures the total loss per kilogram of methyl bromide when it is
    replaced with an alternative. Loss comprises both the monetized
    value of yield loss (relative to yields obtained with methyl
    bromide) and any additional costs incurred through use of the
    alternative. It is measured in current U.S. dollars.

37. **[Loss as a % of Gross revenue]{.underline}** -- This measures the
    loss as a proportion of gross (total) revenue. Loss comprises both
    the monetized value of yield loss (relative to yields obtained with
    methyl bromide) and any additional costs incurred through use of the
    alternative. It is measured in current U.S. dollars.

38. **[Loss as a % of Net Operating Revenue]{.underline}** -This
    measures loss as a proportion of total revenue minus operating
    costs. Loss comprises both the monetized value of yield loss
    (relative to yields obtained with methyl bromide) and any additional
    costs incurred through use of the alternative. It is measured in
    current U.S. dollars. This item is also called net cash returns.

39. **[Quality/ Time/ Market Window/Yield Loss (%)]{.underline}** --
    When this measure is available it measures the sum of losses
    including quality losses, non-productive time, missed market windows
    and other yield losses when using the marginal strategy.

40. **[Marginal Strategy]{.underline}** -This is the strategy that a
    particular methyl bromide user would use if not permitted to use
    methyl bromide.

**[APPENDIX C. Summary of New Applicants]{.smallcaps}**

A number of new groups applied for methyl bromide for 2005 during this
application cycle, as shown in the table below. Although in most cases
they represent additional amounts for sectors that were already
well-characterized sectors, in a few cases they comprised new sectors.
Examples of the former include significant additional country (cured,
uncooked) ham production; some additional request for tobacco transplant
trays, and very minor amounts for pepper and eggplant production in lieu
of tomato production in Michigan.

For the latter, there are two large requests: cut flower and foliage
production in Florida and California ('Ornamentals') and a group of
structures and process foods that we have termed 'Post-Harvest NPMA'
which includes processed (generally wheat-based foods), spices and
herbs, cocoa, dried milk, cheeses and small amounts of other
commodities. There was also a small amount requested for field-grown
tobacco.

The details of the case that there are no alternatives which are both
technically and economically feasible are presented in the appropriate
sector chapters, as are the requested amounts, suitably adjusted to
ensure that no double-counting, growth, etc. were included and that the
amount was only sufficient to cover situations (key pests, regulatory
requirements, etc.) where alternatives could not be used.

The amount requested by new applicants is approximately 2.5% of the 1991
U.S. baseline, or about 1,400,000 pounds of methyl bromide, divided 40%
for pre-plant uses and 60% for post-harvest needs.

The methodology for deriving the nominated amount used estimates that
would result in the lowest amount of methyl bromide requested from the
range produced by the analysis to ensure that adequate amounts of methyl
bromide were available for critical needs. We are requesting additional
methyl bromide in the amount of about 500,000 Kg, or 2% or the 1991 U.S.
baseline, to provide for the additional critical needs in the pre-plant
and post-harvest sector.

  --------------------------------------- -- -------------------------------
  **Applicant Name**                         **2005 U.S. CUE Nomination
                                             (lbs)**

  California Cut Flower Commission           400,000

  National Country Ham Association           1,172

  Wayco Ham Company                          39

  California Date Commission                 5,319

  National Pest Management Association       319,369

  Michigan Pepper Growers                    20,904

  Michigan Eggplant Growers                  6,968

  Burley & Dark Tobacco Growers USA -        2,254
  Transplant Trays                           

  Burley & Dark Tobacco Growers USA -        28,980
  Field Grown                                

  Virginia Tobacco Growers - Transplant      941
  Trays                                      

  Michigan Herbaceous Perennials             4,200

  Ozark Country Hams                         240

  Nahunta Pork Center                        248

  American Association of Meat Processors    296,800

  Total lbs                                  **1,087,434**

  Total kgs                                  **493,252**
  --------------------------------------- -- -------------------------------