RTCA, Inc.

1140 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 1020

Washington, DC 20036-4001, USA

**BASIC DOCUMENT STYLE GUIDE**

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  Updated: Month day, year            Prepared by: RTCA, Inc.

  RTCA/DO-???                         © 2000, RTCA, Inc.
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

Copies of this document may be obtained from

RTCA, Inc.

1140 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 1020

Washington, DC 20036-4001, USA

Telephone: 202-833-9339

Facsimile: 202-833-9434

Internet: www.rtca.org

Please call RTCA for price and ordering information

FOREWORD

This Basic Document Style Guide was prepared by RTCA for use as a guide
in preparing drafts and final copy of RTCA documents. See Section 3.0 of
this document for details on the format and contents of the Foreword.

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE [1](#purpose-and-scope)

1.1 Introduction [1](#introduction)

1.2 Applicability [1](#applicability)

2 GENERAL STANDARDS [3](#general-standards)

2.1 Computer Standards [3](#computer-standards)

2.2 Word Processing [3](#word-processing)

2.2.1 Font Type [3](#font-type)

2.2.2 Font Sizes [3](#font-sizes)

2.2.3 Style Types [3](#style-types)

2.2.3.1 What Styles Are and How They Work
[4](#what-styles-are-and-how-they-work)

2.2.3.2 Some Styles Important to RTCA Documents
[4](#some-styles-important-to-rtca-documents)

2.2.3.3 Changing Existing Styles [4](#changing-existing-styles)

2.2.3.4 Creating New Styles [5](#creating-new-styles)

2.2.3.5 Shortcuts for the Most Common Styles
[6](#shortcuts-for-the-most-common-styles)

2.2.4 Using Master Documents [6](#using-master-documents)

2.3 Electronic Files [6](#electronic-files)

2.4 Printers [6](#printers)

3 DOCUMENT COMPONENTS [7](#document-components)

3.1 General [7](#general)

3.2 Document Title [7](#document-title)

3.3 Foreword [7](#foreword)

3.4 Executive Summary [8](#executive-summary)

3.5 Table of Contents [8](#table-of-contents)

3.5.1 Creating a Table of Contents [8](#creating-a-table-of-contents)

3.5.2 Updating a Table of Contents [9](#updating-a-table-of-contents)

3.5.3 Building Tables of Contents from Multiple Documents
[9](#building-tables-of-contents-from-multiple-documents)

3.6 Document Body [10](#document-body)

3.6.1 Division and Subdivision [10](#division-and-subdivision)

3.6.1.1 Standard Text [10](#standard-text)

3.6.1.2 Automatic Heading Levels [10](#automatic-heading-levels)

3.6.2 Integrated Notes [11](#integrated-notes)

3.6.3 Footnotes [11](#footnotes)

3.7 Membership List [12](#membership-list)

3.8 Appendices [12](#appendices)

3.8.1 Informative Appendix [12](#informative-appendix)

3.8.2 Normative Appendix [12](#normative-appendix)

4 PAGE LAYOUT [13](#page-layout)

4.1 Main Body Text [13](#main-body-text)

4.1.1 Page Requirements [13](#page-requirements)

4.1.1.1 Margins [13](#margins)

4.1.1.2 Page Header [13](#page-header)

4.1.1.3 Page Footer [13](#page-footer)

4.1.1.4 Justification [13](#justification)

4.1.1.5 Tab Settings [14](#tab-settings)

4.1.2 Division and Subdivision Heading Levels
[14](#division-and-subdivision-heading-levels)

4.1.3 Pagination [14](#pagination)

4.2 Lists [14](#lists)

4.3 Tables [15](#tables)

4.3.1 Table Title [15](#table-title)

4.3.2 Table Title Location [15](#table-title-location)

4.4 Figures [15](#figures)

4.4.1 Figure Title [15](#figure-title)

4.4.2 Figure Title Location [16](#figure-title-location)

5 EDITORIALS [17](#editorials)

5.1 Emphasis [17](#emphasis)

5.1.1 Italic Font [17](#italic-font)

5.1.2 Bold Font [17](#bold-font)

5.1.3 Underline [17](#underline)

5.2 References [17](#references)

5.3 Verbal Forms for Expressing Requirements
[17](#verbal-forms-for-expressing-requirements)

TABLE OF TABLES

[Table 2-1:]{.underline} Common Style Keystroke Shortcuts
[6](#__RefHeading___Toc501425026)

[Table 3-1:]{.underline} Names of Divisions and Subdivisions
[10](#__RefHeading___Toc501425027)

[Table 5-1:]{.underline} Expression of Requirements
[18](#__RefHeading___Toc501425028)

TABLE OF FIGURES

[Figure 2-1:]{.underline} The Modify Style Dialog
[5](#__RefHeading___Toc501425029)

[Figure 3-1:]{.underline} Table of Contents Selection
[9](#__RefHeading___Toc501425030)

# PURPOSE AND SCOPE

## Introduction

This Style Guide provides a standard method of preparing draft and final
copy of RTCA documents. The guidance provided in this document is
presented in the same format as RTCA drafts and documents. Any questions
regarding formatting or RTCA's use of Microsoft Word-97, or later
versions, for individual features concerning formatting, or the use of
Word's Styles capabilities, should be directed to the RTCA staff.

## Applicability

Requirements in this Style Guide are applicable to documents prepared by
RTCA as well as all text and graphic material submitted for
incorporation in such documents. It is strongly recommended that
document creators use this Style Guide document as a starting point for
the creation of their particular RTCA document, so as to capture the
Styles that have been established in this document to assist in
standardizing the look and ease of creation of new RTCA documents.

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

# GENERAL STANDARDS

## Computer Standards

RTCA has selected the IBM PC or compatible Personal Computers as its
standard hardware platform, running the Microsoft Windows 95, Windows
98, or later, Operating System.

## Word Processing

RTCA documents and text to be incorporated into documents should be
prepared using Microsoft Word-97 or Word-2000 with files saved into
Word-97 format. Final copy, including any imbedded graphics, shall be
prepared using the desktop publishing features of **TBD**.

### Font Type

The following fonts are to be used in the production of RTCA documents:

-   Times New Roman -- Base font for document and appendix body text,
    heading levels, table and figure titles.

-   *Times New Roman Italic* -- Text Notes and other emphasis purposes.

### Font Sizes

All text material should be in eleven (11) point type size. Fonts used
for internal tables and graphic materials may be scaled down to fit
available space, as appropriate.

### Style Types

Styles are one of Microsoft Word's most powerful timesavers, for five
important reasons. First, Styles can dramatically reduce the time it
takes to format a document. Second, Styles can also help ensure that all
RTCA documents look consistent with very little effort on the part of
the document creators. Third, if a Word document is exported to an
external desktop publishing program, most of those programs can use Word
Styles to help automate their work. Forth, if you need to change the way
your "styled" document looks, you need to only change a few Styles, not
hundreds of manual formats.

Finally, it's much easier to take advantage of Word's automation and
organization features if you use Styles. For example, Word can
automatically build and update a Table of Contents based on the Heading
Levels Style Types in your document. Without Styles, you would have to
manually apply a field to every single item you want to include in your
Table of Contents, Paragraphs, Lists, Table and Figure Titles, Notes or
other text.

#### What Styles Are and How They Work

In Word, a Style is a series of formats that can be applied all at once
to one or more paragraphs, or one or more characters or text strings.
Rather than apply formats one at a time by clicking toolbar buttons or
using keyboard shortcuts or dialog boxes, you choose a Style, and Word
automatically applies all of the formatting for you. If you want or need
to change the appearance of your entire document, all you have to do is
change the definition of the Styles.

#### Some Styles Important to RTCA Documents

In the creation of RTCA documents with Word, you are using Styles,
whether you know it or not. Word actually contains over 90 built-in
Styles. When you display a new document and begin entering text, Word
enters the text in the Normal Style, Word's standard Style Type for body
text. Similarly, whenever you use automated features such as Autoformat,
Table of Contents, or Indexes, Word applies built-in Styles in many
places to ensure overall consistency.

Through the creation of many RTCA documents, the Style Types available
in this Style Guide have evolved to become the most standard set of
useful Style Types. Among the most frequently used and useful Style
Types are the following:

1.  Those used to automate the generation and maintenance of Division
    and Subdivision "Heading Levels" (see Table 3-1). When you want to
    insert a new Heading Level, all you need do is select the
    appropriate Heading Level from the drop down Style Menu on the
    Formatting Toolbar.

2.  The "Paragraph" Style Type is the default Style to use when entering
    standard body text into an RTCA document. It is pre-formatted for
    the correct indentation, margins, justification, font type and font
    size.

3.  The "List 1." Style Type is the default Style for generation of a
    List of elements similar to this List of Styles.

4.  The "Appendix Heading Levels" work just like the standard "Heading
    Level" Styles, except that they are pre-formatted specifically for
    Appendices lettering styles.

5.  The "Figure Title" and "Table Title" Styles are useful as
    pre-formatted styles for identifying tables and figures within RTCA
    documents.

In Word, the Style Type box on the Formatting Toolbar doesn't just list
the available Styles, it shows them formatted, so that you can see what
they look like before you apply them.

#### Changing Existing Styles

If you want to systematically review and adjust the formatting of a
Style, use the Word Style dialog box. To do so, from the Word Menu Bar
choose F[o]{.underline}rmat, [S]{.underline}tyles list, choose the Style
that you want to change and click [M]{.underline}odify.

The Modify Style dialog box opens as shown in Figure 2-1. The Style that
you have chosen is listed in the [N]{.underline}ame box. The Style's
current settings are shown in the Description area of the dialog box,
and their appearance in your document is previewed in the Preview area.

If you want to make a simply change to a Style, such as changing the
font, font size, or adding italics, etc., use the Modify Style dialog
box and the drop down F[o]{.underline}rmat box where you find shortcut
entries for "Font," "Paragraph," "Tabs," "Border," "Language," "Frame,"
and "Numbering."

> ![](media/image1.png){width="4.009722222222222in"
> height="3.5409722222222224in"}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc501425029 .anchor}[Figure 2-1:]{.underline} The
Modify Style Dialog

#### Creating New Styles

Sometimes you'll want to create a new Style to automate a repetitive
process, rather than use one of the existing Styles and then manually
change something about it. In order to create a new Style, choose
F[o]{.underline}rmat, [S]{.underline}tyle and click [N]{.underline}ew to
display the New Style Dialog Box. You will note that the New Style
Dialog Box is basically identical to the Modify Style Dialog Box shown
in Figure 2-1.

To begin creating your new Style, enter a name for your Style Type in
the "[N]{.underline}ame:" box. Select either "Paragraph" or "Character"
from the "Style t[y]{.underline}pe:" box. Identify the Style Type upon
which this new Style is based from the "[B]{.underline}ased on:" box.
Think about your document for a moment. In most cases, after you type a
heading level, you usually type body text. After you type the first
element of a list, you usually type another list element. Word Styles
take advantage of this. In the "[S]{.underline}tyle for following
paragraph:" you can specify the style that should be used in the
paragraph that follows your new Style Type.

Use the drop down "F[o]{.underline}rmat" box to identify entries for
"Font," "Paragraph," "Tabs," "Border," "Language," "Frame," and
"Numbering."

#### Shortcuts for the Most Common Styles

Word provides the ability for the user to set up a keyboard shortcut
series of keystrokes to apply some of the most commonly used Style
Types. Using the Modify Style Dialog box shown in Figure 2-1, you can
select the "Shortcut [K]{.underline}ey" button and select a series of
keystrokes to apply to any Style.

The following shortcut key sequences shown in Table 2-1 have been set up
in this Style Guide document for your use in automating and streamlining
the creation of RTCA documents.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc501425026 .anchor}[Table 2-1:]{.underline} Common
Style Keystroke Shortcuts

  ----------------------- ------------------------ -----------------------
  **Style**               **Keyboard Shortcut**    **Common Use**

  Normal                  Ctrl+Shift+N             Plain Body Text

  Paragraph               Alt+Ctrl+Shift+P         Standard Paragraph

  Heading Level 1         Alt+Ctrl+1               First-level headings

  Heading Level 2         Alt+Ctrl+2               Second-level headings

  Heading Level 3         Alt+Ctrl+3               Third-level headings

  Heading Level 4         Alt+Ctrl+4               Forth-level headings

  Heading Level 5         Alt+Ctrl+5               Fifth-level headings

  Heading Level 6         Alt+Ctrl+6               Sixth-level headings

  Heading Level 7         Alt+Ctrl+7               Seventh-level headings

  Heading Level 8         Alt+Ctrl+8               Eighth-level headings

  Heading Level 9         Alt+Ctrl+9               Ninth-level headings

  List Bullet             Ctrl+Shift+L             Bulleted Lists

  Footnote Reference      Alt+Ctrl+F               Footnote Reference Mark
  ----------------------- ------------------------ -----------------------

### Using Master Documents

Many of the documents created by RTCA are now too large to be contained
in a single file. They are also produced more often than not by multiple
people on different computers, all over the world. With this kind of
document creation, you need a way to edit parts of a document, while
still staying in control of the whole document. Word's *Master Document*
feature gives you that flexibility. A Master Document is, in essence, a
gathering place for multiple smaller documents -- called *subdocuments*
-- each of which can be developed and edited separately, by separate
users on separate computers. Master Documents then allow you to perform
tasks that generally should be performed on the entire document, such as
Indexes, Tables of Contents, Appendices, Tables and Figures.

## Electronic Files

Electronically readable files containing information for incorporation
into RTCA documents must be submitted on standard 3.5" diskettes, via
email or over the Internet. Files may also be transferred via **XYZ** or
**ABC**.

## Printers

RTCA uses an HP 4SI Laser Jet Printer for the printing of RTCA
documents.

# DOCUMENT COMPONENTS

## General

This section provides guidance for preparing components of this
document. This material is intended to cover the components applicable
to the most common document structures prepared by RTCA. Documents need
not contain all of the components identified below and may contain
components other than those identified. The nature of the document will
dictate to what extent the components are adapted and their sequence.

## Document Title

The document title shall be composed of not more than three elements,
each as short as possible, proceeding from the general to the
particular.

1.  Introductory element -- This identifies the general type of document
    such as:

```{=html}
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```
a.  Minimum Operation Performance Standards (MOPS),

b.  Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS),

c.  Design Guidelines.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
2.  Main element -- Indicating the particular subject or item.

3.  Complementary element -- A word or phrase modifying the introductory
    or main element such as: Volume I, or Part I, etc.

## Foreword

Each document shall have a "Foreword" giving general information
relating to RTCA as the organization responsible for the preparation and
approval. The Foreword shall also contain the following information as
appropriate:

1.  Information pertaining to the RTCA Special Committee that prepared
    the document.

2.  Information containing any major international organizations
    contributing to preparation of the document.

3.  A statement that the document cancels and replaces another document
    in whole or in part.

4.  A statement of significant technical changes from any superseded
    document.

5.  A statement as to any normative appendices, i.e., those containing
    requirements that must be met.

6.  A Disclaimer such as the following:

> Since RTCA is not an official agency of the United States Government,
> its recommendations may not be regarded as statements of official
> Government policy unless so enunciated by the United States Government
> organization or agency having statutory jurisdiction over any matters
> to which the recommendations relate.

## Executive Summary

The Executive Summary is a condensed version of the full document. It
describes the primary substance of the document, integrates the
essential parts and serves as a convenient reference. It presents the
essence of the document without the supporting technical detail.

Only the detail necessary for understanding the primary material and
logic should be provided. It should contain only information that
appears in the body text.

The structure should parallel that of the body text. It should have the
same first-level sections in the same order and with the same headings;
it may also have the same second level subsections and headings. The
Executive Summary should be viewed as a stand-alone document that the
reader can understand without reference to the full document. Authors
should not assume that the reader has read the full document. It is
recommended that the Executive Summary be limited to one page.

## Table of Contents

The Table of Contents provides an overall view of how the document is
logically constructed. It shall contain all document divisions and
subdivisions, and Lists of Tables, Figures and Appendices. All elements
comprising the Table of Contents shall be shown with their full heading
or title.

If the RTCA document being created is contained within one file, the
Table of Contents can be placed in a location within the file as it is
placed within this Style Guide. If created properly, the Table of
Contents can be updated easily as the heading levels expand or contract
with document creation.

### Creating a Table of Contents

To insert a Table of Contents, place the cursor at the point in the
document where the Table of Contents is to be located. In Microsoft
Word, choose [I]{.underline}nsert, In[d]{.underline}ex and Tables, click
on the Table of [C]{.underline}ontents tab (see Figure 3-1). By default,
Word builds Tables of Content from the first three heading levels. In
order to create a Table of Contents for your document with all document
divisions and subdivisions, select the maximum number of heading levels
as appropriate for your document from the "Show [l]{.underline}evels"
scroll box. As shown in Figure 3-1, select the "Fancy" format from the
General Forma[t]{.underline}s menu and set the Ta[b]{.underline} leader
as all dots (.....). When you click OK, the Table of Contents will be
generated at the point of the cursor for the heading levels currently in
the document.

![](media/image2.png){width="5.343055555555556in"
height="3.9993055555555554in"}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc501425030 .anchor}[Figure 3-1:]{.underline} Table
of Contents Selection

### Updating a Table of Contents

Your Table of Contents entries are likely to change after you first
create your Table of Contents. Possibly new headings will be added to
your document, or you may be called upon to reorganize existing
headings. Whatever the reason, you may need to update your Table of
Contents to reflect changes in your document. Follow these steps:

1.  Right-click on your Table of Contents, and choose "Update Field"
    from the shortcut menu.

2.  Choose whether you want to "Update page numbers only" or "Update
    entire page."

### Building Tables of Contents from Multiple Documents

Many RTCA documents are now created by many people and are contained in
multiple files. These documents are often too large to be maintained
inside a single file, and it is not practical to attempt to maintain a
complete document generated by multiple people via a single file, which
is often too large to email back and forth between computers.

The easiest way to create a Table of Contents for a document that is
composed of multiple smaller document files is to work with Word's
"Master Document" feature. From within your Master Document, you can
create Tables of Contents, Indexes or Cross-References that reflect the
contents of all of your subdocuments. Follow these steps:

1.  Open the Master Document, display it in Outline view, and click the
    Master Document View toolbar button.

2.  Click "Expand Subdocuments" to make the contents of all subdocuments
    visible.

3.  Position your insertion point where you want to create your Table of
    Contents.

Follow the procedure above entitled "Creating a Table of Contents" to
display the Index and Tables dialog as shown in Figure 3-1.

## Document Body

This subsection covers that part of the document that follows the
introductory material such as the Foreword, Table of Contents, etc. The
document body is introduced by the first division, designated as
Section 1. The general requirements for structuring the document body
are discussed below.

### Division and Subdivision

The body of the document is split into divisions and subdivisions to
ensure that it is logically structured and therefore easy to understand,
refer to, and apply. All first level divisions of a document shall start
on a new odd numbered page. The following terms shall be used to
designate these divisions and subdivisions.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc501425027 .anchor}[Table 3-1:]{.underline} Names
of Divisions and Subdivisions

+-----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **TERMS**             | **LEVEL**             | **EXAMPLE OF         |
|                       |                       | NUMBERING**          |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Section**           | **1**                 | **1**                |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Subsection**        | **2**                 | **1.2**              |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Paragraph**         | **3**                 | **1.2.3**            |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Subparagraph**      | **4**                 | **1.2.3.4**          |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+
| **Subparagraph**      | **5 through 9**       | **1.2.3.4.5**        |
|                       |                       |                      |
|                       |                       | **1.2.3.4.5.6,       |
|                       |                       | etc.**               |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------+

#### Standard Text

The standard text in the document body shall be in Times New Roman font
at 11 point type size and justified on the left and right margins. This
default condition may be initiated by selecting the "Paragraph" Style
Type from the Formatting Toolbar drop down Style Menu in Word as it is
defined in this Style Guide document.

#### Automatic Heading Levels

The use of automatic Heading Levels is necessary in the creation of RTCA
documentation in order to facilitate automatic generation of Tables of
Contents and Appendices. Heading Levels one (1) through nine
(1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9) have been defined in this Style Guide document for
example usage in RTCA documents. The usage of Heading Levels in the body
of a document, or Appendix Levels in any Appendix, is initiated by
selecting the appropriate Heading or Appendix Level from the drop down
"Style" Menu on the Formatting Toolbar in Word as it is defined in this
Style Guide document.

### Integrated Notes

Notes that are integrated in the body of the text may be used only for
providing information that is essential to understanding the document.
They shall not contain any requirements.

Notes should be placed immediately after the subdivision of text to
which they refer.

A single Note shall be preceded by the phrase "Note" which is in
*Italics* font, [underlined,]{.underline} **bold**ed, and followed by a
colon (:), and placed at the beginning of the first line of the text of
the Note.

Example:

**[Note:]{.underline}** The body text of all notes shall be presented in
Italics font style.

If two or more notes are grouped together, they shall be placed under
the title "***[Note:]{.underline}***" which is placed on a line by
itself. The Text of each Note shall be preceded by a sequential Arabic
numeral at the beginning of the first line of the Note.

Example:

***[Note:]{.underline}***

1.  *The use of the numbering of multiple notes with Arabic numerals
    shall be accomplished by the use of the "List 1." Style Type.*

2.  *The "List 1." Style Type can be found on the drop down "Style" Menu
    on the Formatting Toolbar in Word as it is defined in this Style
    Guide document.*

If two or more notes occur at separate places within the same numbered
subdivision of text, they shall be designated as "***[Note
1:]{.underline}***", "***[Note 2:]{.underline}***", "***[Note
3:]{.underline}***", etc., on the first line of the Note, followed by
the *italics* text of the Note.

### Footnotes

Footnotes give additional information, but their use shall be kept to a
minimum. When used, they shall not contain any requirement.

Footnotes shall be placed at the foot of the relevant page and be
separated from the text by a short thin horizontal rule starting at the
left margin.

Footnotes shall be identified by Arabic numeral (the *note reference
mark*) and a new numerical sequence shall start on each page. They shall
be referred to in the body text through the use of the same numeral, as
a superscript, following the relevant work, phrase or sentence.

Footnotes have also been automated using Word's Style feature. To insert
a standard footnote, place your insertion point where you want the
footnote reference mark to appear, and press Alt+Ctrl+F. Word inserts a
*note reference mark* containing a number, starting with one (1) on each
new page. Depending on which "View" you are working in, Word then
presents you the opportunity to enter the text of the footnote.

## Membership List

Each published RTCA document shall contain a listing of individuals and
the organization that they represent. This list shall be started on a
new odd numbered page and introduced by the word "MEMBERSHIP,"
**bold**ed, [underlined]{.underline} and centered on the second line
below the page header.

The listing of individuals shall follow this introductory material
starting with the Chairperson and continuing with the Co-Chair,
Secretary and members. Separate lists may be included for any formal
working groups making significant contributions to the document, using
the same format.

## Appendices

All Appendices shall be introduced (referenced) in the body text at the
appropriate point. They shall appear at the end of the text body in the
same sequences in which they are referenced. Appendices shall be
identified with an uppercase letter designator starting with "A."
Appendices can be either informative or normative as discussed below.

### Informative Appendix

Informative Appendices give additional explanatory information. They
shall not contain equipment or system performance requirements.

### Normative Appendix

In unique cases it may be impractical to provide equipment or system
performance requirements in the main text, possibly due to the volume of
the material, which could interrupt the text flow. In these situations
the materials may be placed in a normative appendix. The fact that an
appendix is normative shall be made clear in the way it is introduced in
the text body, by a statement to that effect in the "Foreword" and by an
indication in the appendix title.

# PAGE LAYOUT

## Main Body Text

The following describes the typographic requirements applicable to the
main body text of the document.

### Page Requirements

The following standards are applicable to pages used in the main body of
the document. Changes to these standards are permitted where adherence
is not practical.

#### Margins

For main body text, the top and bottom margins are set at 0.75 inch and
the left and right margins are set at 1.0 inch.

#### Page Header

The page header shall consist of the page number and a 0.02 inch rule
extending from the left margin to the right margin. The page number
shall be placed at the right margin for odd numbered pages and at the
left margin for even numbered pages. Page Headers shall begin on the
first odd numbered page containing the first division heading level (1),
and shall begin page numbering with one (1).

The setup of proper page headers shall occur with the usage of the "Page
Header" Style Type from the Formatting Toolbar drop down Style Menu in
Word as it is defined in this Style Guide document.

#### Page Footer

The page footer shall consist only of the text of the copyright
notification: "© YEAR, RTCA, Inc." The copyright text shall be placed at
the right margin for odd numbered pages and at the left margin for even
numbered pages. Page footers shall begin on the first odd numbered page
containing the first division heading level (1.0).

The page footer shall be utilized for the purpose of numbering the pages
of the Table of Contents, Figures, Tables and Appendices. The Table of
Contents shall begin on a new odd numbered page. The page footer shall
consist only of the page number, centered between the left and right
margins, and presented in lowercase Roman Numeral format, as
demonstrated in this Style Guide document.

#### Justification

All standard text in the document body shall begin indented one (1) inch
from the left margin and shall be justified on the left and right
margins of the text. This default condition may be initiated by
selecting the "Paragraph" Style Type from the Formatting Toolbar drop
down Style Menu in Word as it is defined in this Style Guide document.

#### Tab Settings

As a minimum, tab stops should be set at 2.0 inches, with tabs every 0.5
of an inch.

### Division and Subdivision Heading Levels

The issue of automating the insertion and maintenance of heading levels
in RTCA documents is a very important one. When done correctly, heading
levels can be inserted or deleted from documents easily with all
divisions and subdivisions around them automatically adjusting the
numbering. Additionally, when done correctly, the creation and
maintenance of a Tables of Contents, Appendices, Tables and Figures is
very easy.

This Style Guide has detailed the use of Word Styles to create heading
levels from one (1) to nine (9). See Table 2-1 for shortcut keystrokes
to enter heading levels and see Table 3-1 for the definition of
Divisions and Subdivisions relating to heading levels.

### Pagination

Most people think that word processing programs are smart enough to
handle pagination of all documents, and they let it go at that. But,
what programs like Word are actually smart enough to do is provide tools
for document creators to assist in making pagination an automated
function for the purpose of creating consistently well formatted
documents.

First, you need to understand that it is not acceptable to leave single
lines such as heading levels at the bottom of a page, essentially
disconnected from the body text that they identify with. Or, another
example is the situation where a Figure is being displayed on a page
while its title is displayed on the next page.

Word provides us with various tools and methods for ensuring proper
pagination of RTCA documents. For example, to ensure proper pagination
for heading levels, the actual definition of the heading levels one (1)
through nine (9) have been defined by adding the "Keep with next" check
box from the "Paragraph" dialog box, under the "Format" drop down Menu
Bar. By clicking on the "Paragraph Symbol" on the Word Standard Toolbar,
you will see a small square bullet on the extreme left margin of each
line to which this "Keep with next" has been applied.

In addition to using Styles to help with pagination, as the document
creator you can add the "Keep with next" Paragraph definition to any
line that should be kept with the text following it. For example, all of
the lines of a Table (except the last line) should be tagged with the
"Keep with next" definition in order to ensure that the Table remains
together.

In order to use the "Keep with next" Paragraph feature, place your
cursor on the left margin of the specific line you want to add the
definition to, or highlight any block of text, or Table lines. Then
choose the F[o]{.underline}rmat drop down menu item from the Word
Toolbar, select the "Paragraph" shortcut, and then click on the "Line
and [P]{.underline}age Number" tab. Click on the "Keep with
ne[x]{.underline}t" check box and ensure that a checkmark appears in the
box before selecting OK.

## Lists

Lists should be presented in staggered outline format. Each item in the
list shall be preceded by a period. If subdivision of an item is
necessary, a lowercase letter shall be used, followed by a period. Lists
shall be defined as containing two or more items. Under no circumstance
shall a single item list element be used. Re-use of list element
representation is strongly discouraged. If at all possible, each list or
sub list shall be numbered or lettered with a unique identifier.

Example:

1.  Prime List element one.

2.  Prime List element two.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
a.  Sub-List element one.

b.  Sub-List element two

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
I.  Second sub-list element one.

II. Second sub-list element two.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
3.  Prime List element three.

## Tables

Tables should be used wherever appropriate to present information in an
easily comprehensible form. Each Table shall be introduced in the text
so its significance in relation to the material presented is made clear.

### Table Title

Tables shall be identified with the word "Table" followed by the section
number, a dash, and a sequential Arabic number, all underlined. The
sequential number shall start with one (1) within each first level
section. A Table Title shall follow the numeric designation. The entire
Table Title shall be in **bold** font. Insertion of a Table Title may be
accomplished through the use of the "Table Title" Style Type from the
Formatting Toolbar drop down Style Menu in Word as it is defined in this
Style Guide document.

### Table Title Location

The entire Table Title shall be centered above the Table to which it
refers. See Table 3-1 in this Style Guide. Use of the "Table Title"
Style Type will accomplish this requirement.

## Figures

Figures should be used wherever appropriate to present information in an
easily comprehensible form. Each Figure shall be introduced in the text
so its significance in relation to the material presented is made clear.

### Figure Title

Figures shall be identified with the word "Figure" followed by the
section number, a dash, and a sequential Arabic number, all underlined.
The sequential number shall start with one (1) within each first level
section. The Figure Title shall follow the numeric designation. The
entire Figure Title shall be in **bold** font. Insertion of a Figure
Title may be accomplished through the use of the "Figure Title" Style
Type from the Formatting Toolbar drop down Style Menu in Word as it is
defined in this Style Guide document.

### Figure Title Location

The entire Figure Title shall be centered below the Figure to which it
refers. See Figure 3-1 in this Style Guide. Use of the "Figure Title"
Style Type will accomplish this requirement.

# EDITORIALS

## Emphasis

Three typographic methods can be utilized to emphasize an important
aspect in the main body text as discussed below.

### Italic Font

An *italic font* shall be used for all Notes in the body text including
those associated with Tables and Figures.

### Bold Font

A **bold font** shall be used for the heading levels of all document
numeric and appendix divisions and subdivisions.

A **bold font** shall be used for all Table and Figure Titles.

A **bold font** is recommended as the primary means to emphasize
individual words or phrases.

### Underline

The [underline]{.underline} should be reserved to highlight document
body text Notes, Tables and Figures Titles listed throughout the body
text. Example: **[Table 3-1]{.underline}** **Names of Divisions and
Subdivisions.**

## References

Every Appendix, Table and Figure in the document shall be referenced in
the main body text of the document.

References shall be made in the general form illustrated in this
document and not to specific page numbers.

References to specific RTCA documents shall take a standard format such
as: "RTCA Document No. DO-181B, subparagraph 2.2.4.2.1." Where
appropriate, additional references may be made to corresponding EUROCAE
documents using a standard format such as: "EUROCAE ED-73A, paragraph
3.6.1." Where there is a EUROCAE document that directly corresponds to
an RTCA document, each RTCA document reference shall be accompanied by
the appropriate EUROCAE document reference.

## Verbal Forms for Expressing Requirements

Table 5-1 gives the verbal form that shall be used to express each kind
of provision. The equivalent expressions given in the right column may
be used in exceptional cases when the preferred form cannot be used.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc501425028 .anchor}[Table 5-1:]{.underline}
Expression of Requirements

+------------------------+---------------+----------------------------+
| **Intent**             | **Vertical    | **Equivalent Expression**  |
|                        | Form**        |                            |
+------------------------+---------------+----------------------------+
| Requirement            | shall         | is to ....                 |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | is required to ....        |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | it is required that ....   |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | has to ....                |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | only ... is allowed        |
+------------------------+---------------+----------------------------+
|                        | shall not     | is not allowed ....        |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | is required to be not .... |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | is required that ... be    |
|                        |               | not                        |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | is not to be ...           |
+------------------------+---------------+----------------------------+
| Recommendation         | should        | it is recommended that     |
|                        |               | ....                       |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | ought to ....              |
+------------------------+---------------+----------------------------+
|                        | should not    | it is recommended that ... |
|                        |               | not                        |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | ought not to ....          |
+------------------------+---------------+----------------------------+
| Permission             | may           | is permitted               |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | is allowed                 |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | is possible                |
+------------------------+---------------+----------------------------+
|                        | need not      | it is not required that    |
|                        |               | ....                       |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | no ... is required         |
+------------------------+---------------+----------------------------+
| Possibility            | can           | to be able to ....         |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | to be in a position to     |
|                        |               | ....                       |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | there is a possibility of  |
|                        |               | ....                       |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | it is possible to ....     |
+------------------------+---------------+----------------------------+
|                        | cannot        | to be unable to ....       |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | to not be in a position to |
|                        |               | ....                       |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | there is no possibility of |
|                        |               | ....                       |
|                        |               |                            |
|                        |               | it is impossible to ....   |
+------------------------+---------------+----------------------------+