­k\|f/lDes

dfgj clwsf/ l:ylt M ljleGg b\]zx?sf cEof; - [@))\^]{.underline}

cd\]l/sL ljb\]z ljefu cGt/utsf\] k\|hftGq, dfgj clwsf/ tyf \>d ;DaGwL
sfof{noaf6 hf/L ul/Psf\]

;g\\ @))&, dfr{ \^

;+;f/el/sf ;a} k\'?if tyf dlxnfx? JolQmut tyf /fhg}lts :jtGqtfk\"j{s
afFRg rfxG5g\\, h;sf nflu s\'g} g s\'g} k\|hftflGqs ;+3 ;+:yfx? c+uLsf/
ug{ cufl8 al9/x\]sf x\'G5g\\ . ltgLx? /fi6«klt a\'zn\] eg\] h:t}
**ædfgjLo cfTd;Ddfgsf\] s\'g} ;+emf}tfljxLg cfjZostfÆ** nfO{ ;\'/lIft
agfpg k\|oTg/t\\ /xG5g\\ .

JolQmut vt/fsf ;fy;fy} 7\"nf7\"nf Jojwfgsf afah\'b klg ;fx;L JolQmx? tyf
u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n\] dfgj clwsf/ b\'Jo{jxf/ tyf xgg\\ ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx?
;fj{hlgs u/fpFb5g\\ . pgLx? hghflt, wfld{s cNk ;d\'x, sfdbf/x?sf\]
clwsf/sf\] /Iff ug\]{ sf\]lzz u5{g\\ ;fy} dfgj j\]rljvgx? /f\]Sg\]
k\|of; u5{g\\ . logLx? ;Ifd tyf ;lqmo gful/s ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{, lgZkIf
lgjf{rg ;\'lglZrt ug{ / pQ/bfoL tyf sfg\'g;Ddt\\ k\|hftGq :yfkgf ug{
sfo{/t /xG5g\\ .

oL cw}o{ b\]zeStx?n\] ljutdf ;Defljt dflgPsf ;Lldttfx?nfO{ g} k\'gM
kl/eflift u/\]sf 5g\\ . jf:tjdf s\]xL k\':tf otf cfP/ ljsf;f\]Gd\'v
b\]zx?df :jtGqtfsf ljrf/x?n\] :yfg kfPsf 5g\\ . ;fDojfbL tfgfzfxx?
9n\]sf 5g\\ / gf}nf\] k\|hftGqsf\] pbo ePsf\] 5 . dfgj clwsf/sf\]
ljZjJofkL 3f\]if0ffkqdf pNn\]lvt clwsf/x?sf\] Jofks?kdf / ljutdf eGbf
w\]/} b\]zx?n\] hu\]gf{ u/\]sf 5g\\ . oL c;n sfdx? lg/Gt/ rln/x\]sf 5g\\
t/ ck\"/f 5g\\ lsgeg\] cem}klg o;sf lj?4 s\]xL b\[9 lj/f\]wLx?
nflu/x\]sf 5g\\ . of\] s\'g} cfZro{ dfGg\'kg\]{ s\'/f xf\]Og sL,
k\|hftflGqs kl/jt{gaf6 q:t JolQmx? g} ;\'wf/sf nflu jsfnt ug\]{ jf sfo{
ug\]{ JolQmx?sf afwssf ?kdf b\]vf k5{g . uPsf\] jif{df dfgj clwsf/sf
/Ifsx? / gful/s ;dfh h:tf ;+:yfx?nfO{ b\'Mv lbP/ jf 8/, qf; b\]vfP/
pgLx?sf sfo{x?df afwf k\'¥ofpg\] of aGb ug\]{ k\|of; ul/Psf k\|;:t
36gfx? b\]lvPsf lyP . :jtGq ljrf/ ePsfx? lj?4 cGofok\"0f{ sfg\'gx?
/fhg}lts xts08fsf ?kdf k\|of\]u ul/P . c;xdt ljrf/x?nfO{ bjfpgsf nflu
cj}wflgs tl/sfx? klg ckgfOP .

hj hj u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? / dfgj clwsf/sf /Ifsx? dfly vt/f pTkGg x\'G5
To;n\] :jtGqtf / k\|hftGq dfly klg vt/f lgDTofpF5 . o:tf k\|hftGq / dfgj
clwsf/sf /Ifsx?sf\] ljZje/sf k\|hftflGqs ;/sf/x?n\] /Iff ug\'{ kb{5 .
xfd\|f\] s\'6gLltsf\] k\|d\'v p2\]Zo klg oxL g} xf\] / xfdL cfzf ub{5f}+
ls oL dfgj clwsf/sf cEof; ;DaGwL k\|ltj\]bg, @))\^ n\] klg xfd\|f\] o;
p2\]ZonfO{ cufl8 a9fpg d2t ug\]{5 . oxL ljrf/sf ;fy ;+o\'St /fHo
cd\]l/sfsf\] o; s+u\|\];df d of\] k\|ltj\]bg k\]z ub{5\' .

**sf\]G8f\]lnhf /fO;**

**cd\]l/sL ljb\]z dGqL**

kl/ro

dfgj clwsf/ cEof; ;DaGwL ljleGg b\]zsf k\|ltj\]bgx? --
[@))\^]{.underline}

cd\]l/sL ljb\]z ljefu cGtu{tsf\] k\|hftGq, dfgj clwsf/ tyf \>d;DaGwL
sfof{noaf6 hf/L ul/Psf\] .

;g\\ @))&, dfr{ \^

oL k\|ltj\]bgx?n\] dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o k\|ltj4tfx?nfO{
Jojxf/df s;/L nfu\" ul/Psf 5g\\ eGg\] s\'/fnfO{ JofVof u/\]sf 5g\\ .
log} cfwf/e\"t clwsf/x? ;+o\'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf\] dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL
ljZjJofkL 3f\]if0ff kqdf klg k\|ltljlDjt ePsf 5g\\ . o;sf ;fy} logn\]
/fi6«klt a\'zn\] eg\] h:t} **ædfgjLo cfTd;Ddfgsf\] s\'g} ;Demf}tf ljxLg
cfjZostfnfO{Æ** k\|ltlglwTj ub{5g\\ . ljb\]z dGqL /fO;n\] eg\] cg\';f/
;+o\'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf\] ljZjJofkL 3f\]if0ffnfO{ /ftf/ft nfu\" ug{ ;lsb}g
t/ o; h?/L sfo{nfO{ ljnDj klg ug\'{ x\'Fb}g .

dfgj clwsf/sf\] ljZjJofkL 3f\]if0ff kqdf elgPsf\] 5 æx/\]s JolQm /
;dfhsf x/\]s c+u oL clwsf/ / :jtGqtfx? k\|lt ;DdfgnfO{ k\|ultzLn /
/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o tj/af6 k\|a4{g ug{ / logsf\] ljZjJofkL tyf
k\|efjsf/L ?kdf dfGotf lbnfpg\] nfu\" u/fpgsf nflu ===Æ

;+o\'Qm /fHo cfkm\\gf dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL k\|lta4tfx?nfO{ uDeL/ ?kdf lnG5
. xfdL of\] k\|ltj\]bg o:tf\] ;dodf n\]Vb} 5f}+ h;a\]nf xfdLlj?4
cftÍsf/L xdnfx?sf k\|ltjfbsf ?kdf xfdLn\] lnPsf sbdx? dfly÷ljifodf g}
k\|Zg lrGx v8f ul/Psf 5g\\ . cd\]l/sf ljleGg dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL
;GwLx?sf\] kIfw/ ePsf\] gftfn\] To;sf bfloTjx? lgjf{x ug{sf nflu xfdLn\]
o; lsl;dsf k\|ltj\]bgx? ;do ;dodf ;fj{hlgs ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ / ub}{ hfg\]
5f}+ . xfdL qmlds ;\'wf/x?sf nflu k\|ltj4 5f}+ . ljut kfFr jif{df
xfdLn\] z+sf:kb cft+ssf/Lx?sf\] lu/km\\tf/L, pgLx?k\|ltsf\] Jojxf/ /
sfg\'gL ;f\]wk\'5 ug\]{ xfd\|f sfg\'gx?, gLltx? / cEof;x? pNn\]Vo?kdf
;\'wf/ u/\]sf 5f}+ . xfd\|f\] ;/sf/sf\] k\|hftflGqs k\|0ffnL cr\'s
5\|}g, t/ pQ/bfoL 5 . xfd\|f\] ;Ifd gful/s ;dfh, ;lqmo tyf :jtGq ;\~rf/
dfWod, ;/sf/sf :jfwLg zfvfx? / alnof\] ?kdf :yflkt sfg\'gsf\] /fhx?n\]
;/sf/sf\] k\|hftflGqs k4tLnfO{ cjnf\]sg ug\]{ / ;Rofpg\] sfo{
ul//x\]sf\] x\'G5g\\ .

cd\]/LsL s+u\|\];åf/f kfl/t ul/Psf oL tnsf dfgj clwsf/ cEof; ;DaGwL
k\|ltj\]bgx? ;+;f/e/ dfgj clwsf/sf\] ;Ddfgsf\] k\|jb{gsf nflu cd\]/LsL
k\|of;sf\] cTofjZos / dxTjk\"0f{ j:t\' xf\] . ltg bzs b\]lv oL
k\|ltj\]bgx? dfgj clwsf/sf If\]qdf ePsf ;\'wf/ / ljBdfg r\'gf}tLx?sf\]
n\]vfhf\]vf ug{ cd\]/Lsf leq ;fy} ljZje/ k\|of\]u x\'+b} cfPsf\] 5 . oL
k\|ltj\]bgx?n\] ljleGg ;/sf/, ;+3 ;+:yf / JolStx? hf\] b\'Jo{jxf/x?sf\]
cGt ug\]{ / b\]zdf ;a}sf nflu cfwf/e\"t cfjZostf ;\'lgl:rt kfg\]{ Ifdtf
;\'b\[9 agfpg nflu k/\]sf 5g\\ , ltlgx?sf\] lardf ;xsfo{ u5{ .

oL k\|ltj\]bgx?n\] x/\]s d\'n\'sdf ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] cjlw e/ ePsf
ultljlwnfO ;ldIff u/\]sf\] 5 . x/\]s d\'n\'ssf\] k\|ltj\]bg cfkm}+
af\]Nb5g\\ tfklg pbfx/0fx?sf cfwf/df lj:t\[t cjwf/0ffx?nfO tn k\|:t\'t
ul/Psf\] 5 . tn k\|:t\'t ul/Psf pbfx/0fx? uxg vfnsf geO ljj/0ffTds
lsl;dsf dfq x\'g .

**cfzfjfbL k/Dk/f / k\|j\[lt t/ uDeL/ oyfy{tf**

oL k\|ltj\]bgx?n\] ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] cjlwe/ ePsf ultljlwx?nfO{ ;dLIff
u/\]sf\] 5 . o; cjlwe/ dlxnf / k\'?ifx?n\] pgLx?sf ;/sf/nfO{ pQ/bfoL aGg
/ pgLx?sf clwsf/sf\] ;Ddfg ug{, pgLx?sf cfjfh ;\'Gg / dtx? dfGo agfpg
;fy} ;a}sf nflu sfg\'g / Gofo lbnfpgsf nflu bjfj lbO/x\] . ;fy} ;+;f/e/
:jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / k\|lti7f h:tf dfux? kl/k\"lt{ ug{sf nflu k\|hftflGqs
;/sf/ g} ;Ifd / ;/sf/sf\] ?kdf kl/lrt x\'g\] l;nl;nf qmlds ?kdf a9\\b} 5
. jf:tjdf oL cfzfjfbL k/Dk/f x\'g\\ tfklg s\]xL k\|ltj\]bgx?n\] uDeL/
oyfy{tf k\|ltljlDjt u5{ .

klxnf\], k\|hftGq tyf dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf nflu ul/Psf k\|of;x?
sl7g /x\] ;fy} bL3{sfnLg agfpgsf nflu r\'gf}ltk\"0f{ b\]lvP . s\'g}
b\]zx?n\] dxTjk\"0f{ k\|ultx? u/\], s\'g} b\]zx? k5fl8 k/\] eg\] s\'g}
s\'g b\]zx?n\] kZrftfk u/\] .

ljleGg b\]zsf ;/sf/L k\|ltj4tfx?, ;f+u7lgs Ifdtf, e\|i6frf/sf b/ /
gful/s ;dfhsf\] ;jn kIfx?sf cfwf/df ljleGg b\]zsf sfo{ ;Dkfbg Psbd km/s
km/s b\]lvof\] . tnsf b\]zx?sf pbfx/0fn\] ;f\]xL s\'/fx? bzf{pF5 .

**nfOj\]l/ofdf** ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] hgj/Ldf k\|hftflGqs tfl/sfn\]
r\'lgPsf\] ;+o\'Qm bnsf\] ;/sf/ u7g eof\] . clk\|msfs} klxnf\] dlxnf
/fi6«fWoIfsf\] ?kdf Olnog hf\]G;g l;/lnkmåf/f g\]t\[Tj ul/Psf\] ;/sf/n\]
cGtl/d ;/sf/nfO{ lj:yflkt ub}{ gofF ;/sf/ u7g u¥of\] h\'g cGtl/d
;/sf/n\] !\$ jif\]{ ljgf;sf/L u\[xo\'4 kZrft\\ @))# b\]lv zf;gef/
;Dxfn\]sf\] lyof\] . gjul7t ;/sf/n\] ljutsf dfgj clwsf/sf ljifofdf ePsf
sdL sdhf\]/Lx?nfO{ ;Rofpg\] / ;\'wf/ ug\]{ ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o
;fem\]bf/x?;Fu ldn\]/ d\'n\'ssf\] Gofo k\|0ffnL k\'gM :yfkgf ug\]{ ;fy}
/fhwfgLdf ;fj{hlgs ;\'/Iff / sfof{no :yfkgf ug\]{ h:tf dxTjk\"0f{ sbdx?
rfNof\] . /fi6«kltn\] s}of}+ e\|i6 sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lgnDjg of kbd\'Qm u/\]
. ;g\\ @))% df ul7t ...;To tyf d\]nldnfkÚ cfof\]un\] u\[xo\'4sf bf}/fgdf
ePsf o\'4 ;DaGwL ck/fwx? / dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gfx?sf ;DaGwdf 5fgljg
u/L ;fIfLaf6 aofg lng z\'? ul/;s\]sf\] 5 . oL ;\'wf/x?sf jfjh\'b,
nfOj\]l/ofdf dfgj clwsf/sf uDeL/ / uxg r\'gf}tLx?, e\|i6frf/ / b08lxgtf,
n}lËs e\]befj / lx+;f, sdhf\]/ Gofo k\|0ffnL h:tf dfgj clwsf/sf uDeL/ /
uxg r\'gf}ltx? JofKt 5g\\ . clt ul/jL h;sf\] sf/0f s}of}+ afnaflnsfx?
afn \>ldssf ?kdf sfd ug{ afWo 5g\\ .

**O08f\]g\]l;ofsf** s\]xL /fhg}lts?kn\] ;+j\]bgzLn If\]qdf k\|x/L / ;z:q
;d\'x aLr x\'g\] xTofsf \>\[+vnfx? o; jif{ qmlds ?kdf 36\\g\] qmd hf/L
/Xof\] . k\|fGtLo, gu/ :t/Lo / lhNnf :t/Lo ;d\]t u/L %\$ j6f :jtGq /
lgikIf lgjf{rg ;DkGg eof\] h;dWo\] ;a}eGbf pNn\]Vo l8;\]Dj/df ...cfr\]Ú
k\|fGtdf ePsf\] r\'gfj lyof\] . h;df ljb\|f\]xL ;d\'xsf k\"j{ If\]qLo
sdf08/n\] ueg{/ kb lht\]sf lyP . cGt/hftLo wfld{s lx+;f s\]xL dTy/
ePtfklg s\]xL If\]qdf o:tf lx+;fx? cem JofKt 5g\\ . O08f\]g\]l;of / Oi6
l6df\]/ b\'j} b\]zdf ;/sf/ ;fy} cbfnt ljutsf dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g /
b\'Jo{jxf/ ;DaGwL d\'2fx?sf\] ;fdfgf ug{ c;Ifd 5g\\ .

**df\]/Ssf\]sf\]** dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL k\|ltj\]bgx?df pNn\]Vo ;\'wf/ ePtf
klg s\]xL ;d:ofx? oyfjt 5g\\ . ;/sf/n\] ;g\\ !(%\^ b\]lv !((( aLr eP
ul/Psf kqmfp, j\]kQf ;fy} b\'Jo{jxf/sf kLl8tx?nfO{ dfgj clwsf/ ;Nnfxsf/
kl/ifb\\ u7g u/L To;}dfkm{t Ifltk\"lt{ k\|bfg ug{ z\'? u/\]sf\] 5 . dfr{
dlxgfdf ;/sf/n\] oftgf lj/f\]wL P\]g agfPsf\] 5 . oBkL ;\'/Iff kmf}hsf
ljleGg zfvfx?åf/f x\'g\] oftgfsf hfgsf/Lx? k\|sfzdf cfO/xG5g\\ .
cleJolQm tyf k\|\]; :jtGqtfdfly aGb\]h nufOPtf klg v\'nf ?kdf ;fj{hlgs
:yndf / kqsf/x? dfem 5nkmn / ax; eO g} /xG5g\\ . o; jif{e/ ;/sf/n\]
s\]xL kqsf/x?nfO{ cleJolQm tyf k\|; :jtGqtfsf ;Lldttfx? pNn+3g u/\] jfkt
;hfoF lbOof\] eg\] s\]xL kqsf/x?n\] cfkm} ;\]G;/sf\] cEof; ug\]{ uy\]{ .
ljz\]if u/L of}g zf\]if0fsf nflu ul/g\] dfgj a\]rljvg, afn \>d ulDe/
rf;f\]sf ljifox? dflgP . ;/sf/ / gful/s ;dfh b\'j} oL rf;f\]sf
ljifox?nfO{ ;Daf\]wg ug{ ;lqmo ?kdf sfd ul//x\]sf 5g\\ .

k\|hftflGqs u0ftGq **s+uf\]df** \$% jif{ nfdf\] cGt/fnkl5 /fi6«ktLo /
ljwflosL r\'gfj ;DkGg eof\] h;af6 tLg jif{ nfdf\] u\[x o\'4 kl5sf\]
;+qmd0fsfnsf\] cGTo klg eof\], gofF ;+ljwfg nfu\" ul/of\] t/ klg dfgj
clwsf/sf l:ylt v/fj g} /Xof\] . t/ k\"j{tkm{ sdhf\]/ ;/sf/L lgoGq0f /
;z:q ;d\'xsf\] uDeL/ b\'/frf/ lg/Gt/ /Xof\] ;fy} ;/sf/L ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\]
uDeL/ b\'Jo{jxf/ ug{ 5f8\]gg\\ / tL b\'Jo{jxf/x? b08xLg ?kdf g} /x\] .

**xfO6Ldf** ToxfFsf hgtfx?n\] ;g\\ @))\^ el/df \# k6s ;Dd r\'gfjdf efu
lnP/ k\|hftGqk\|lt k\|ltj4tfsf\] pbfx/0f lbP . #% nfv eGbf a9L
gful/sx?n\] r\'gfjsf nflu gfd btf{ u/\] eg\] km\]a\|\'c/Ldf ePsf\]
/fi6«klto / ;+;bLo r\'gfjdf btf{ ePsfdWo\] k\|efjzfnL ?kdf &) k\|ltzt
eGbf a9L gful/sx? ;xefuL eP . t\'ngfTds ?kdf l:y/ / lx+;fd\'Qm lgjf{rg
k\|s\[of kl5 dtbftfx?n\] /\]g\] k\|\]ennfO{ /fi6«klt nufot !@( ;+;bLo
kbsf nflu ;f+;bx? r\'g\] . t/ klg xfO6Lsf\] sfo{ljxLg Gofo k\|0ffnLnfO{
;\'wf/ ug{, k\"0f{ ?kdf sfg\'gL /fHosf\] :yfkgf ug{ / xfOl;og k\|x/LnfO{
k\|efjsf/L agfpgsf nflu w\]/} sfo{ ug{ afFsL g} 5 .

**o\'qm\]gdf**, ToxfFsf\] ;\'Gtnf qmflGt -c/\]Gh l/ef\]n\';g\_ sf sf/0f
;f\] qmflGt kZrft\\ dfgj clwsf/sf\] If\]qdf pNn\]Vo ?kdf ;\'wf/ x\'g\]
qmd hf/L /Xof\] . ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] dfr{df ;DkGg ;+;bLo lgjf{rg :jtGqtf
k\|flKt kl5 !% jif{ cjlwdf ePsf\] ;a}eGbf lgikIf lgjf{rg lyof\] . /fHodf
cfd;\~rf/ dfWodx?n\] :jtGqtf k\|fKt ug{, ;+3;+:yfx?n\] :jtGqtfk\"j{s
sfo{ ug{ ;kmn /x\] ;fy ;fy} gful/s ;dfhsf\] /fd\|f\] ljsf; eof\] . oL
k\|fKt tyf ;kmntfsf jfjh\'b ;/sf/L txsf ;a} zfvfx?df ;fy} cGo If\]qdf
e\|i6frf/ nufot cGo ;d:ofx? cem JofKt 5g\\ .

**lslu{:yfgdf** ;g\\ @))% df k\|hftflGqs ?kdf lgjf{lrt g\]t\[Tjsf\]
sf/0fn\] dfgjclwsf/sf\] cj:yfdf k\|;:t ;\'wf/x? cfPsf lyof\] . ToxfF Ps
xKtf nfdf\] / 7\"nf\] hg;d\'bfoåf/f zflGtk\"0f{ ul/Psf\] cfGbfn\]gsf\]
k\|ltkmn:j?k ;g\\ @))\^ df xtfl/P/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf\]wg ul/of\] h;n\] dfjg
clwsf/sf\] k\|j4{g ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ pQ/bfoL agfof\] . t/ @))\^ sf\]
l8;\]Dj/sf\] cGtdf ;+;bn\] csf\]{ ;+ljwfg kfl/t u/L ljutdf ul/Psf ;a}
lg0f{ox?nfO{ pN6fOlbof\] . ;/sf/n\] a}b\]lzs nufgLsf u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx?nfO{ klg b\'Mv lbof\] .

**kfls:tfgL** /fi6«klt d\'z/{kmsf\] k\|hftflGqs ...;+qmd0fÚ /
...k\|ultzLn lgoGq0fÚ k\|ltsf\] k\|ltj4tfsf jfjh\'b ToxfFsf\] dfgj
clwsf/sf\] l:ylt qmlds ?kdf sdhf\]/ x\'Fb} uof\] . :jtGqtfk\"j{s
3\'dlkm/ ug{ kfpg\] clwsf/, cleJolQm :jtGqtf, ;+ul7t x\'g kfpg\] clwsf/
/ wfld{s :jtGqtf dflysf aGb\]hx? oyfjt\\ /x\] . k\|hftflGqs
k\|lqmoftkm{sf\] k\|ult sd /Xof\] . ljz\]iftM cfGtl/s tgfj tyf ljb\|f\]x
ePsf lhNnfx?df k\|fGtLo sfo{stf{ tyf lj/f\]wL bnsf /fhg}lts sfo{stf{x?
j\]kQf x\'g\] qmd rnL /Xof\] . ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] u}x\| Goflos xTof ug\]{
qmd hf/L 5 . sfg\'gL k\|s\[ofsf\] pNn+3g ug\]{, hyfefjL lu/km\\tf/ ug\]{
/ oftgf lbg\] h:tf sfd JofKt 5g\\ . k\"/} ;/sf/L ;+/rgf / k\|x/L ;+u7g
leq e\|i6frf/ km}lnPsf\] 5 . Pp6f ;sf/fTds sbdsf ?kdf ul/Psf\] sfo{df
ToxfFsf\] /fli6«o ;ef / /fi6«klt d\'z/{kmn\] dlxnf ;\'/Iff ;DaGwL wf/f
kfl/t u¥of\] . o; wf/fn\] tLg bzsdf klxnf\] k6s kfls:tfgL ;/sf/n\] dlxnf
clwsf/nfO{ kl5 kfg\]{ / xfgL k\'¥ofpg\] sfg\'gsf\] cGTo u/\]sf\] 5 . o;
sfg\'gn\] !(&( sf\] x\'bb (Hudood) cWofb\]zdf pNn\]lvt anfTsf/ / cg\'lrt
;DaGw ;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ kfls:tfg ;fxfl/of sfg\'gaf6 kfls:tfg k\]gn
sf\]8df kfl/jlt{t u/\]sf\] 5 . o; sfg\'gn\] anTs\[t kIfn\] cleof\]u
k\'li6 ug{sf nflu rf/ k\'?if ;fIfL rflxg\] Joj:yf klg x6fPsf\] 5 .

**OlhK6df** Oltxf;df g} klxnf\] ax\'bnLo /fi6«klto lgjf{rg ;DkGg eP
tfklg ;g\\ @))\^ df cfP/ hgtfsf\] nf\]stGqsf\] dfu / pQ/bfoL ;/sf/sf\]
a9\\bf\] dfusf\] eg\] ;/sf/n\] s8f ?kdf k\|lt/f\]w u¥of\] . k\"j{
/fi6«klt kbsf pDd\]bjf/ cfOdg g\'/nfO{ lx/f;td} /flvg\'n\] /fhgLlts
;\'wf/ / nf\]stGqsf\] af6f\]df uDeL/ lrGtf k}bf u¥of\] . @))% df z\'?
ePsf\] k\|j\[tLnfO{ g} lg/Gt/tf lb+b} ;/sf/n\] aGb\]h nufPsf\] o2kL
;lxPsf\] d\':nLd a\|b/x\'8sf sfo{stf{ lu/km\\tf/ ug\]{ tyf y\'Gg\] sfd
hf/L /fVof\] . :jtGq Gofokflnsfsf\] dfu /fv\]sf b\'O{ jl/i7
Gofolw;x?nfO{ aofgsf nflu af\]nfOof\] . :jtGq Gofokflnsfsf\] dfu /fVb}
k\|bz{g ug\]{ %)) hgf eGbf a9L sfo{stf{x?nfO{ lu/km\\tf/ tyf s}b ul/of\]
. o;sf cnjf oftgf;DaGwL uDeL/ d\'2fx?sf af/\]df klg l/kf\]6{ eof\] .
;/sf/n\] sof}+ OG6/g\]6 Anu/x?nfO{ klg kqmfp ug\]{, s}bdf /fVg\] /
b\'Jo{jxf/ ug\]{ h:tf sfo{ u¥of\] .

**shfs:yfgdf** k\|ltkIfL /fhg}lts bnx?sf\] sfo{nfO{ /f\]Sg ;/sf/n\] bn
btf{ ug\]{ k\|s\[ofnfO{ sfg\'gL ?kdf emGem6Lnf\] agfO{ lbof\] jf bn btf{
ug{ cj/f\]w v8f ug\]{ ls bn btf{ ug{ g} glbg\] h:tf afwf v8f u¥of\] .
;/sf/nfO{ ;dy{g ug\]{ bnx?sf\] PsLs/0fn\] /fi6«klt gh/jfo\]jsf\] cf\]6fg
kf6L{nfO{ cem ;zSt agfOlbof\] h;sf\] km:j?k ;\'wf/sf dfux? / a}slNks
ljrf/wf/fn\] sd :yfg kfof\] . h;n\] ubf{ cGo bnx?n\] s\'g} klg ;\'wf/sf
nflu km/s dt, b\[li6sf\]0f / jsfnt ug\]{ cj:yf Go\"g lyof\]
./fhg}lts?kn\] k\"jf{u\|xL cleof\]ux? nufP/ k\|ltkIfLx?nfO{ ;/sf/n\]
b\'Mv lbof\] . ;ef ;Ddn\]g ug\]{ clwsf/nfO{ lgif\]lwt ul/of\] ;fy}
k\|\]; :jtGqtf dfly c+s\'; nufpg\] sfg\'g kfl/t ul/of\] / u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx?nfO{ klg b\'Mv lbOof\] .

**?;df** r\'gfj ;DaGwL sfg\'gsf\] ;+zf\]wg / /fhg}lts bnx? ;DaGwL
ljw\]osb\]lv lnP/ ;a} zlSt s\]Gb\|Ls\[t u/L ;/sf/sf\] xftdf /fVg\] qmd
hf/L /Xof\] . h;n\] ;/sf/nfO{ /fhgLlts bnx? dfly lgu/fgL / lgoGq0f
ug\]{, ;Lldt kfg\]{ / aGb ;d\]t ug{ ;Sg\] zlSt k\|bfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] .
:6\]6 8\\o\"dfsf cg\';f/ e\|i6frf/, sfg\'gL Joj:yf nfu\" ug{sf nflu
ljleGg 5gf\]6 k\|lqmof, Gofok\|0ffnLdf 7\"nf\] /fhg}lts bjfj / u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yf / ;\~rf/ dfWod dfly k\|ltjGw nufpg\] qmd /xL /Xof\] . o;
k\|sf/sf\] k\|0ffnLn\] dtbftfx? k\|lt ;/sf/sf\] pQ/bfloTjnfO{ ;Lldt
agfpF5 . r\]r\]Gof / pQ/L ss\];;sf cGo If\]qx?df b\'j} ;+3Lo ;/sf/ /
r\]r\]g u0ftGqsf\] ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] gful/s dfly u}/ Goflos xTof tyf
b\'Jo{jxf/ h:tf dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ;DaGwL sfo{x? u/L g} /x\] .
ljb\|f\]xL n8fs\'n\] klg To; If\]qdf cfts+sf/L ?kdf ad k8\\sfpg\],
/fhg}lts If\]qsf JolQmx?nfO{ j\]kQf agfpg\] h:tf sfd u/L /x\] . dfjg
clwsf/ ;DaGwL o\'/f\]lkog cbfntn\] w\]/}h;f\] b\'/frf/sf d\'2fx?sf nflu
?;L ;/sf/ lhDd\]jf/ ePsf\] 7x/ u/\]sf\] 5 .

**e\]g\]Hj\]nfsf**\] rfe\]h ;/sf/n\] ;f/f zlStnfO{ sfo{sf/L zfvfdf
s\]Gb\|Ls\[t ug\]{ qmd hf/L /fVof\] . ;/sf/n\] ljkIfL bnx?nfO{ / u}x\|
;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ b\'Mv lbg\] / Goflos :jtGqtfnfO{ sdhf\]/ agfpFb} uof\]
. l8;\]Da/df ;DkGg ePsf\] /fi6«klto r\'gfj, k\|foh;f\] cGt/f{li6«o
cjnf\]sgstf{x?åf/f :jtGq / lgikIf ePsf\] lg0f{o ul/Psf\] lyof\] . o;
lgjf{rgdf /fi6«klt rfe\]h \^# k\|ltzt ef\]6sf ;fy k\'gM lgjf{lrt ePsf
lyP . /fi6«klt rfe\]hn\] pgsf\] pb\\3f6g ;+jf\]wg df /fli6«o ;ef -h;df
pgsf\] bnn\] !)) k\|ltzt l;6 cf\]u6\]sf\] 5\_ nfO{ sfo{sf/L cfb\]zåf/f
zf;g ug{ ;lsg\] zlSt cfkm\"nfO{ k\|bfg ug{ cfXjfg u/\] .

**lkmhL** / **yfONof08df** ;\]gfn\] k\|hftflGqs tl/sfn\] lgjf{lrt
;/sf/nfO{ x6fO{ ;Qf cfkm\\gf\] xftdf lnPsf\] lyof\] .

bf\]\>f\] uxg oyfy{tf of\] xf\] sL, cfGtl/s of ;Ldfjf/-kf/ x\'g\]
åGåsf\] sf/0fn\] k}bf x\'g\] c;\'/Iffn\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] l:ylt /
k\|hftflGqs ;/sf/sf\] pGgtLdf afwf k\'¥ofp"5 of vt/fdf kf5{ .

**O/fsL** ;/sf/sf\] /fli6«o d\]nldnfk / k\'gM;+/rgfsf\] hu\]gf{ ug\]{ /
sfg\'gL Joj:yf :yfkgf ug\]{ k\|ltj4tfsf jfjh\'b, uxg If\]qLo lx+;f /
cft+ssf/L ultljlwsf sf/0f ;g\\ @))\^ df uDeL/ dfgj clwsf/ xgg x\'gsf
;fy} k\|hftflGqs k\|lqmofsf\] ;\'wf/df afwf kg{ uof\] . O/fsL ;+ljwfg /
sfg\'gn\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] /Iffy{ s8f sfg\'gL cfwf/ v8f u/\]sf\] 5 tfklg
;z:q ;d\'xn\] @ lsl;dn\] dfgj clwsf/ dfly xdnf u/\]sf 5g\\ M cn--sfobf
h\'g ;d\'x ;/sf/sf\] k\|d\'v ljb\|f\]xLsf ?kdf 3f\]if0ff u5{, jfclyi6
zf;gsf k/:k/ lj/f\]wLx?, u\'l/Nnf o\'4 ul//x\]sf ljb\|f\]xLx? / l;of
ldlnl;ofsf ;b:ox? / k\|To\]s dGqfnosf ;\'/Iff kmf}hx? k\|fozM
;/sf/;Fusf\] ldnf\]dtf\]df oftgf lbg\] / cGo b\'Jo{jxf/ ug\]{ uy\]{ .

**ckmufg:tfgn\]** @))! sf\] tflnjfgsf\] xf/kl5 dfgj clwsf/sf If\]qdf
dxTjk\"0f{ k\|ult u/\]sf\] 5 tfklg ToxfFsf\] dfgj clwsf/ l:ylt sdhf\]/
/Xof\] . o;sf\] k\|d\'v sf/0f sdhf\]/ s\]Gb\|Lo ;+/rgf / tflnjfg,
cn--sfobf cflb h:tf cltjfbL / r/dkGyL vt/gfs ljb\|f\]xLx? g} x\'g\\ . o;
lsl;dsf ljb\|f\]xL ;d\'xn\] ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, ;\'/Iff kmf}h, u}x\| ;/sf/L
;+:yf / cGo ;xfotf k\|bfg ug\]{ JolQmx?, lgz:q gful/s dfly cfqmd0f u/\]
. o; jif{ cfTd3ftL jd k8\\lsPsf 36gfx? klg gf6sLo 9Ën\] a9\\of\] . ;fy}
slxn\]sflxF :s\'n / lzIfsx? dfly klg xdnfx? eP . hyfefjL lx/f;tdf lng\]
/ y\'gfdf /fVg\], u}/ Goflos xTof, oftgf / sf/fuf/x?sf\] sdhf\]/ l:ylt
/x\]sf\] h:tf s\'/fx? hf/L g} /Xof\] . l8;\]Dj/df /fi6«klt sf/hfOn\]
ljutdf ePsf dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf d\'2fx? ;+jf\]wg ug\]{ / Goflos
k\|0ffnLsf\] ;+:yfut ;\'wf/ ug\]{ p2\]Zon\] ;+qmd0fsfnLg Goflos sfo{
of\]hgf 3f\]if0ff u/\] .

**n\]jgfgdf** @))% df k\|wfgdGqL /lkms xl/l/sf\] xTof kl5 / nuQ}
l;l/ofnL ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] cfkm\\gf sf/jfxLx? lkmtf{ lnP kl5sf s\|lds
;\'wf/x?df lxha\'Nnf / Oh/fon lar ;g\\ @))\^ h\'nfO -- cui6df z\'?
ePsf\] åGb kZrft afwf pTkGg eof\] . åGå x\'g\'eGbf cl3 n\]agfgL ;/sf/n\]
/fhg}lts ;+3 ;+u7g / bnx? dfly nufOPsf\] aGb\]h x6fPsf\] lyof\] .
Oh/fonL e\"ld eP/ lxha\'Nnfx? k\|j\]z u/\]/ sof}+ Oh/fonLnfO{ ckx/0f /
xTof u/\]kl5, Oh/fonL ;}lgs an klg n\]jgfgL e\"ldtkm{ k\|j\]z u¥of\] .

**Oi6 l6df\]/df** /fli6«o ;\'/Iff kmf}h / sof}+ cGo ;}lgs, k\|x/L /
gful/s kmf}h aLrdf nuftf/ eO /xg\] vt/gfs le8Gtx?sf\] kmn:j?k ToxfFsf\]
/fhwfgLdf 7\"nf\] dfqdf u\'08fulb{, x\'nb+uf h:tf lx+;fTds 36gfx? JofKt
/Xof\] . ;/sf/sf\] cfu\|xdf ci6«\]lnof, Go\"lhNof08, dn\]l;of,
kf\]r\'{unsf ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] Oi6 l6df\]/sf\] /fhwfgLsf\] ;\'/Iffsf\]
lhDd\]jf/L ;Dxfn\]sf 5g\\ . cui6 @% df ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3n\] Plss\[t ld;g
cGtu{t Oi6 l6df\]/sf\] ;\'/Iff sfod ug\]{ lhDd\]jf/L lnPsf\] 5 . o;
cfGtl/s åGåsf\] kl/0ffd :j?k b\]zsf sl/j !,%),))) hgtf lj:yflkt ePsf
5g\\ h\'g b\]zsf\] s\'n hg;+Vofsf\] !% k\|ltzt xf\] .

**t\];\|f\], ;+;f/e/ ePsf dfgj clwsf/ / nf\]stGqsf pknAwLx?sf jfjh\'b
dflg;x? :jtGqtfsf\] kl/sNkgf ub}{ eo / qf;sf ;fy lhpg jfWo 5g\\ .**

To:tf b\]zx? h\'g b\]zsf\] ;Qf cg\'Q/bfoL zf;sx?sf\] xftdf s\]Gb\|Lt
/Xof\] ltgLx? g} ;+;f/e/ ;aeGbf a9L lg/Gt/ ?kdf dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3g ug\]{
b\]zsf ?kdf /xL /x\] . o:tf b\]zx?df k\'/} cg\'bf/ / tfgfzfxL zf;g
Joj:yf ePsf d\'n\'sx? kb{5g\\ .

;g\\ @))\^ df **pQ/ sf\]l/of** ljZjs} ;a}eGbf PSnf\] / a\]Un}
d\'n\'ssf\] ?kdf /x\]sf\] kfOG5 . ToxfFsf\] tfgfzfxL ;/sf/n\]
gful/sx?sf\] hLjgsf\] ;Dk\"0f{ kIfnfO{ lgoldt ?kdf lgoGq0f ub}{ cfPsf\]
5 ;fy} jfs :jtGqtf, k\|\]; :jtGqtf, e\]nf x\'g\], ;+ul7t x\'g\],
lx+88\'n ug\]{, cfGbf\]ng ug\]{ :jtGqtf ;fy} sfdbf/x?sf\] sfd ug\]{ xs
clwsf/ lgoGq0f ug\]{ / s\'l07t kfg\]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b} cfPsf\] 5
. ToxfFsf\] ;+ljwfgåf/f wfld{s ljZjf;k\|ltsf\] :jtGqtf k\|bfg ul/Psf\] 5
t/ lglZrt ?kdf ;fFrf\] wfld{s :jtGqtf sfod 5}g . sl/j !,%),))) b\]lv
@,)),))) hgf /fhg}lts aGbL nufotsf gful/sx?nfO{ aGbL lzlj/df y\'g\'jfsf
?kdf /flvof\] h;dWo\] s}of}+ aGbLx?sf\] r/d oftgf, ef\]sd/L, /f\]usf
sf/0f d\[To\' eof\] .

To:t}, **adf{sf\]** ;}lgs tfgfzfxL ;/sf/n\] ;/sf/df cfkm\\gf\] zlSt
yfFtL /fVg d\[To\'b08, anfTsf/, dgk/L y\'gfdf /fVg\], ;Dk\"0f{ ufpFnfO{
g} hj/h:tL Ps :yfgaf6 csf\]{ :yfg ;fg{ afWo u/fpg\] h:tf sfo{ hf/L /x\]
. ljz\]if u/L hghflt, cNk ;d\'xdfly pQm b\'Jo{jxf/x? ul/P . aGbLx? /
lx/f;tdf lnOPsfx?nfO{ lgs} sl7g / hLjgnfO{ g} hf\]lvddf kfg\]{ l:yltdf
afFRg afWo t\'NofOof\] . /fhg}lts sfo{stf{x? y\'gfdf /fVg\], b\'Jo{jxf/
ug\]{ / lgu\|fgLdf /fVg\] sfd hf/L /fv\] . ToxfFsf zf;sn\] gf\]j\]n
k\'/:sf/ ljh\]tf / ljkIfL g\]t\[ cfª ;fª ;\'sLnfO{ s\'g} cleof\]u ljgf
g} pxfFs} 3/df gh/aGb /fVg\], ;fy} !,!)) eGbf a9L /fhg}lts aGbLnfO{ s8f
lgu/fgL ug\]{, bafa lbg\] tyf y\'Gg\] sfo{ sfod /fv\] . ank\"j{s \>ddf
nufpg\], dfgj a\]rljvg, afn ;}Gosf\] k\|of\]u, wfld{s e\]befj h:tf
36gfqmdx? a9\\b} uof\] . ;/sf/n\] zfd /fli6«o ;Dd\]ng k\'gM ;\~rfng
u¥of\] h;df ;/sf/åf/f 5flgPsf JolQmx?sf\] dfq ;+nUgtf lyof\] h;sf sf/0f
:jtGq jx; jf 5nkmn x\'g ;s\]g . ...k\|hftflGqs dfu{ lrqÚ sf\] :j?k
elgPsf\] pQm ;Dd\]ngn\] !(() df ;DkGg ePsf\] r\'gfjsf glthfx? u}/sfg\'gL
dfGb} gofF /fHo ;+/rgf cg\';f/sf\] ;+ljwfg agfpg\] sfo{ u¥of\] .
/fHosf\] lgb{oL / bdgsf/L zf;gn\] z/0ffyL{x?sf ?kdf b\]z 5f8\\g\], dfgj
a\]rljvg, nfu\"kbfy{ tyf dfgj cf\];f/k;f/ h:tf cdfgjLo sfo{x? a9\\bf\] 5
eg\] ;+qmfds /f\]ux? klg km}nb}5 .

**O/fgsf\]** ;/sf/n\] jfs :jtGqtf, ;ef tyf e\]63f6 :jtGqtfx?df pu\|
pNn3+g u/\]sf\] lyof\] . o:tf sfo{x? ljz\]if u/L kqsf/ / ;\'wf/ jfbL
g\]tfx?sf lj?4 hyfefjL lx/f;tdf lnO{ oftgf lbg\], clwstd ansf\] k\|of\]u
ug\]{, j\]kQf kfg\]{ h:tf b\'Jo{jxf/x? dfkm{t x\'g\] ub{Yof\] . ;/sf/n\]
jfxfO;\\ / cGo wfld{s cNk ;d\'xnfO{ lx/f;tdf lng\] / y\'gfdf /fVg\] sfo{
hf/L /fVof\] ;fy} ljW+;sf/L ;d\'xsf\] cl:tTj :jLsf/ gub}{ ;j{q lgGbf
ul/Psf\] ;Dd\]ng u¥of\] . l8;\]Dj/ !% df ePsf\] r\'gfjsf ljz\]if1x?sf\]
cg\';f/ r\'gfjdf r\'gfj n8\\gsf nflu gfd btf{ u/fOPsf ;a} dlxnf nufot
b\'O{ ltxfO eGbf a9L JolStx?nfO{ r\'gfj n8\\gsf nflu cof\]Uo kfl/Psf\]
lyof\] h;sf\] kmn:j?k w\]/} kbx?df r\'gfj n8\\g\] pDd\]bjf/ g} /x\]gg\\
. /fi6«JofkL gu/ lgjf{rgdf klg w\]/} pDd\]bjf/x? r\'gfj n8\\gsf nflu
cof\]Uo 7x¥ofOPsf lyP . ToxfFsf\] ;/sf/n\] cfGtl/s tyf cGt/f{li6«o
;d\'xn\] @))\^ df u/\]sf\] lhDd\]jf/ ;/sf/ u7g ug\'{kg\]{ cfXjfgx?nfO{
a\]jf:tf ub}{ l;l/of / n\]jgfgsf cfts+sf/L ultljlwx?nfO{ ;dy{g ug\]{ qmd
hf/L g} /fv\] ;fy} Ps ;+o\'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf\] ;b:o /fi6«nfO{ Wj:t kfg\]{
wDsL lbP .

**lhDjfj\]sf**\] d\'ufj\] ;/sf/n\] dfgj dof{bf / cfwf/e\"t clwsf/x?sf\]
s7f\]/ pNn+3g ub}{ cfPsf\] 5 . ;/sf/L clwsf/Låf/f ul/g\] e\|i6frf/ /
b08xLgtf Jofks /Xof\] . @))@ df clwsf/L uf\]Kotf P\]g tyf ;fj{hlgs
cfb\]z / ;\'/Iff P\]g nfu\" ul/P h;n\] gful/s :jtGqtfdf s8f aGb\]h
nufof\] . @))\^ sf\] dWofjwL lgjf{rg tyf lhNnf:t/Lo :yfgLo r\'gfjnfO{
;/sf/n\] r\'gfjL k\|lqmof tyf ;Qfsf\] unt 9+un\] k\|of\]u ub}{
dtbftfx?nfO{ r\'gfjL k\|lqmofdf hfg / dtbfg ug{af6 al\~rt u¥of\] h;sf\]
sf/0f r\'gfjL glthf ;Qf;Lg ;/sf/s} kIfdf cfof\] . ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\]
ljkIfL bnsf ;dy{sx?nfO{ / cfkm\\gf\] ;/sf/sf cfnf\]rsx?nfO{ hyfefjL
lx/f;tdf lng\], s\'6lk6 ug\]{, b\'/frf/ ug\]{ sfo{x?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP .
hj/h:tL hUuf, v\]tsf sfddf vnn k\'¥ofpg\', ;DklQ dfly sAhf ug\'{ h:tf
sfdx? klg hf/L /x\] ;fy} slxn\] sfxL tL sfdx? lx+;fTds ?kdf klg ul/of\]
. @))% df nfu\" ul/Psf\] hj/h:tL b\]z lgsfnf cleofg cGt/ut ck\|\]zg
l/:6f\]/ c8{/n\] &,)),))) hgtfnfO{ j\]3/ jgfPsf\] lyof\] h\'g To; kl5sf
;dodf klg lg/Gt/ /Xof\] t/ s\|lds?kdf 36\\of\] . ;/sf/n\] dfgj
clwsf/jfbL ;+:yfåf/f k\|bfg ul/Psf\] ;xof\]usf sfo{x?df x:tIf\]k ug\]{ /
cj/f\]w v8f u¥of\] . l8;\]Dj/df d\'ufj\] / pgsf ;dy{sx?n\] d\'ufj\]sf\]
zf;g cjlwnfO{ @ jif{ agfpg\] / /fi6«ktLo r\'gfj @)!) df ug\]{ u/L lg0f{o
u¥of\] .

**So\"jfdf** lkm8\]n Sof:6«f\] lj/fdL ePsf sf/0f c:yfO ?kdf /fpn
Sof:6«f\]åf/f g\]t\[Tj ul/Psf\] ToxfFsf\] ;/sf/n\] hgtfsf cfwf/e\"t
cfjZostfx? h:t} zflGtk\"j{s ;/sf/ kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg\] clwsf/ of ToxfFsf\]
qmfGtL / g\]tfsf\] cfnf\]rgf ug\]{ clwsf/ h:tf hgtfsf clwsf/x?sf\]
pNn+3g ug\]{ sfd hf/L /fVof\] . ;/sf/n\] cfkm\"dfly vt/f k}bf ug\]{
;Sg\] gful/s / sfo{stf{ dfly cTofrf/ ug\]{ / b\'Mv lbg\] qmd x\'Nofx
sfo{ "Act of Repudiation" dfkm{t sfod /fVof\] h; cg\';f/ df}lvs b\'/frf/
/ cfqmd0f ul/GYof\] . lx/f;tdf lnOPsf / aGbLx?nfO{ s\'6lk6 ul/Yof\] /
;f\] sfo{x? b08xLg /x\] . ;/sf/n\] s\]xL -cfkm\"v\'zL 5fg\]/\_
aGbLx?nfO{ l/xf u/\]tf klg sDtLdf @\*# /fhg}lts aGLbx? jif{sf\] cGt;Dd
klg aGbLs} ?kdf /x\] . &% dWo\] %( k\|hftGqsf ;dy{s / dfgj
clwsf/jfbLnfO{ dfr{ @))# df aGbL agfOPsf\] lyof\] .

**rLgdf** klg @))\^ ;fndf dfgj clwsf/sf\] l:ylt v:s\]sf\] lyof\] .
ToxfF, sfg\'gL tj/n\] cf--cfkm\\gf\] clwsf/ vf\]Hg\] / clwsf/sf nflu
n8\\g\] JolQmx? h:t}, /fhg}lts tyf wfld{s sfo{stf{x? ;\~rf/sdL{, kqsf/,
n\]vs ;fy} jlsnx? dfly s8f lgu/fgL /fVg\], b\'Jo{jxf/ ug\]{, lx/f;tdf
lng\] / y\'gfdf /fVg\] h:tf sfo{x? tLa\| ?kdf a9L /Xof\] . log}
JolQmx?sf kl/jf/nfO{ klg b\'Mv lbg\] / aGbL agfpg\] sfd eof\] /
;\'zf;gsf\] :yfkgfsf nflu ub}{ ul/g\] lj/f\]w tyf k\|bz{g h:tf ultlalwx?
a9\\b} uPsf lyP t/ o:tf w\]/} 36gfx?nfO{ lgd{d tl/sfn\] bdg ul/Psf\]
lyof\] . u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, ;\~rf/ dfWod, OG6/g\]6 ;fy} cbfnt /
Gofolw;dfly ;/sf/L lgoGq0f nflbPsf\] lyof\] . btf{ gul/Psf wfld{s
;d\'xx? dflysf\] pTkL8g sfod} /Xof\] . cNk;+Vos ;d\'bfox? h:t} plo3;{ /
ltAatLx? dflysf\] pTkL8g klg uDeL/ ;/f\]sf/sf ?kdf /Xof\] .

**a\]nf?;df** ToxfFsf /fi6«klt n\'sfl;oG;sf\] / pgsf\] ;/sf/n\] ;a} zlSt
cfkm\\gf\] xftdf lnO{ bdgsf/L gLltnfO{ a9fpFb} nUof\] . dfr{df ;DkGg
/fi6«ktLo lgjf{rgdf lgs} q\[l6x? eP . r\'gfjsf\] kl/0ffd ;fj{hlgs ePkl5
glthf lj?4 ul/Psf\] lj/f\]w / k\|bz{gdf s/Lj !),))) JolQmx?nfO{ kqmfp
ul/of\] / tLdWo\] s}of}+nfO{ 5f\]6f\] ;dosf nflu h\]n rnfgL klg ul/of\]
. n\'sfl;oG;sf\] / pgsf\] ;/sf/sf\] s8f cfnf\]rgf u/\] jfkt cn\]ShfG8/
sf\]h\'lng -pgL n\'sfl;oG;sf\] lj/f\]wdf /fi6«ktLo pDd\]bjf/ lyP\_ nufot
w\]/} sfo{stf{x? / ljkIfL bnsf ;b:ox?nfO{ @ b\]lv ;fF9\] % jif{ h\]n
rnfgL u/\]sf\] 5 .

**Ol/l6«ofsf\]** ;/sf/ clk\|msfsf\] ;j--;fxf/f If\]qdf ;a}eGbf bdgsf/L
;/sf/sf ?kdf /xL g} /Xof\] To;}n\] ToxfFsf\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] l:ylt @))\^
df emg\\ ljlu\|of\] . ;/sf/L ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] w\]/} u}/sfg\'gL xTof
u¥of\] . ;/sf/L ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] ;Ldf kf/ u/L Olyof\]lkof tkm{ hfg
nfu\]sf JolQmx?nfO{ b\]Vg\] ljlQs} uf\]nL xfgL xTof u/\]sf\] ljZj;gLo
ljj/0fx? k\|fKt ePsf 5g\\ . ;/sf/n\] /fli6«o ;\]jf 5f8\\g\]÷TofUg\]
JolQmx?nfO{ ;fy} pgLx?sf kl/jf/nfO{ klqmg\] cleofg tLa\| agfPsf\] lyof\]
. oL JolQmx?nfO{ klg kqmfp kl5 oftgf lbOPsf\] e/kbf\]{ ljj/0fx? kfOPsf
5g\\ . ToxfFsf\] ;/sf/n\] 8/nfUbf\] v8\]/Lsf jfjh\'b ToxfF sfo{/t u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ b\]z 5f8\\g\' kg\]{ cfb\]z lbPsf\] lyof\] . o:t}
lsl;dsf\] cfb\]z @))% df klg lbOPsf\] lyof\] . wfld{s :jtGqtf dfly
aGb\]h nufpg\] qmd hf/L /Xof\] .

rf}yf\] uxg jf:tljstf of\] xf\] sL, JolQmut tyf /fhg}lts :jtGqtfsf\]
rfxgf / o;sf nflu cl3 a9\\g\] qmd ;+;f/ e/L alnof\] x\'Fb}5 . /fhg}lts /
;fdflhs kl/jt{gaf6 ql;t JolQmx?sf\] a9\\bf\] afwf c8\\rgsf afah\'b
JolQmut tyf /fhg}lts :jtGqtfsf rfxgfx? kl/k\"lt{ x\"Fb}5g\\ .

s\'g} klg b\]zsf\] ;kmntf sf nflu dfgj clwsf/sf ;+/Ifsx? / u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx?sf\] dxTjk\"0f{ e\"ldsf x\'G5 . clxn\]sf\] ;dodf ;d:ofx?sf\]
;fdgf u/L /x\]sf /fHo hlt ;\'s} zlStzfnL ePtfklg, oL ;d:ofx? olt hl6n
5g\\ ls lognfO{ PSn} xn ug{ ufx\|f\] 5 . cfGtl/s tyf cGt//fli6«o
r\'gf}tLx? ;Daf\]wg / ;dfwfg ug{sf\] nflu :jtGq jx; / gful/s ;dfhsf\]
of\]ubfg sl7g t/ dxTjk\"0f{ x\'G5 . ;fj{hlgs jx; / u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx?sf\] /fhg}lts :yfgnfO{ k\|ltalGwt ul/Pdf o;n\] ;dfhsf\] a\[l4 /
ljsf;df cj/f\]w NofpF5 .

;g\\ @))\^ df ;+;f/sf\] k\|foh;f\] If\]qdf, ToxfFsf\] ;/sf/n\] JolQmut
tyf /fhgLlts :jtGqtf k\|lt rf;f\] lnO{ /Xof\] t/ oL rf;f\]x? hgtfsf\]
rfxgf / tL rfxgfx? :jLsf/ ug\]{ bfloTjaf\]wsf\] pkh geOsg ltgLx?nfO{ bdg
ug\]{ sfd dfq ul//x\] . To:tf ;/sf/n\] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, :jtGq ;\~rf/
dfWod, h;n\] dfgj clwsf/ xgg\\ ;DaGwL d\'2fx?nfO{ k\|sfzdf NofP jf To:tf
d\'2fsf af/\]df jsfnt ug\]{ sfd u/\], ltgLx?nfO{ bdg u/\] . @))\^ df
w\]/} b\]zx?n\] sfg\'gsf\] k\|of\]u 5fgL5fgLsg ;\~rf/ dfWod / u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx? lj?4 k\|of\]u u/\]sf\] kfOof\] . ;\~rf/ dfWod, kqsf/ / u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yf x?nfO{ u}/ sfg\'gL sfo{ ug{ afWo agfOof\] . pbfx/0fsf\]
nfluM

**?;df** @))\^ clk\|ndf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? dfly k\|ltaGw nufpg\] gofF
sfg\'g nfu\" u/\]kl5 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? btf{ ug{ cK7\\of/f\] kfg\]{,
;+:yfsf\] sfof{nox?df s8f lgu/fgL /fVg\] / cg\'udg ug\]{, ;+:yfsf
ultljlw / sfo{qmdx? cl3 a9fpg emGem6k\"0f{ sfg\'gL k\|lqmofsf\] kfngf
ug\'{kg\]{ h:tf gsf/fTds k\|lqmofx? agfOof\] . To:t} ;+3Lo btf{
;\]jfsf\] c:ki6 / ljifout dfkb08sf\] cfwf/df ;+:yfx? btf{df /f\]sfj6 v8f
ug\]{ jf ;+3 ;+:yf jGb ug{ nufpg\] h:tf sfg\'gx? ha/h:tL nfu\" ul/of\] .
;/sf/L bjfj / lgif\]wsf sf/0f cleJolSt :jtGqtf / ;\~rf/ dfWodsf\]
:jtGqtf l:yltdf lu/fj6 cfof\] . cS6f\]j/df dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs tyf
r\]r\]Gofdf ePsf dfgj clwsf/ b\'Jo{jxf/ ;DaGwL n\]vx?sf cfnf\]rgfTds
k\|l;4 n\]lvsf PGgf kf\]lnTsf\]ef:Sof (Anna Politkovskays) sf\] xTof
ePsf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] /fli6«o 6\]lnlehg / /\]l8of\] :6\]zg ;fy} clws
dfqfdf k\|efjsf/L / nf\]slk\|o If\]qLo l6=le= tyf /\]l8of\] :6\]zgx?nfO{
lgoGq0fdf lnO{ cfkm\\gf\] :jfldTjdf /fVof\] h;sf\] sf/0f ;+j\]bgzLn
;\"rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx? hgtf ;dIf k\'Ug ;s\]g .

**a\]nf?;df** u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf btf{ ug{sf nflu emGem6k\"0f{ sfg\'gL
k\|lqmofsf\] kfngf ug\'{kg\]{ / s/ ;DaGwL s8f lg/LIf0f / lgu/fgL ul/g\]
ePsfn\] gful/s ;dfh / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;\'rf? 9+un\] sfo{ ;\~rfng
ug{ jfwf k\'u\]sf\] lyof\] . :jtGq ;\~rf/ dfWod dfly ul/g\] xdnf /
s\'6lk6 hf/L /x\\of\] . gf\]e\]Dj/df btf{ gePsf\] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf
;\~rfng u/\]sf sf/0f k\|hftGqsf ;lqmo sfo{stf{ l8ldl6« 8\\of;s\]lernfO{
!\* dlxgf h\]n rnfgL ul/Psf\] lyof\] .

**shfs:tfgsf\]** k\|ltkIfL bn 6«\' cs emf\]n (True Ak Zhol) kf6L{sf
;x--cWoIf ;f/ ;\]gjfOnLsf\] xTof kl5 ;+ljwfgsf\] wf/f % nfO{ unt 9+un\]
JofVof u/L ljb\]zL nufgLsf t6:y /fhg}lts tflndsf ultljlwx? dfly /f\]s
nufOof\] . ;f\] unt JofVof cg\'?k ;\"rgf pknAw u/fpg\' klg /fhg}lts
bnx?nfO{ cfly{s ;xfot k\|bfg ul/Psf\] ;dfg x\'g\] 7x/ ul/of\] . h\'nfOdf
/fi6«klt gh/jfo\]jn\] ;+rf/ dfWodnfO{ lgif\]w ug\]{ sfg\'gsf\] ;+zf\]wg
u/\] . of\] sbdnfO{ Organization for Security and Co-operation in
Europe\'s Freedom of Media Representative n\] Ps km8\\sf\] k5fl8
x6\]sf\] egL l6Kk0fL u¥of\] . ;/sf/n\] ;\~rf/ dfWodx?, kqsf/ tyf
cfnf\]rsx? nfO{ bf\]ifL s/f/ ug{ / hl/jfgf lt/fpg lgif\]lwt dfgxflg
;DaGwL sfg\'gx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof\] . clk\|ndf Ps lgnlDjt ;\~rf/ dfWodsf
;b:onfO{ lg3f{t s\'6lk6 ul/of\] .

**t\'s{d\]lg:yfgdf** jfs\\ :jtGqtf, ;ef tyf e\]nf x\'g kfpg\] :jtGqtf
;a} s8f?kn\] lgif\]lwt ul/Psf\] lyof\] / ;a} u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfdflysf\]
lgoGq0f ;/sf/n\] cfkm\\gf\] xftdf lnPsf\] lyof\] . ljb\]zaf6 k\|;f/0f
x\'g\] :of6\\nfO6\\ 6\]lnlehgx? b\]zel/ ljgf /f\]stf\]s x\]g{ ;lsGYof\]
eg\] ;/sf/n\] ;Dk\"0f{ :yfgLo kqsf/ tyf ;+rf/dfWodx?dfly k\|ltjGw
nufPsf\] lyof\] . ;fy} ;j} :yfgLo kqsf/x?nfO{ ljz\]if cg\'dlt ljgf
ljb\]zLx?;Fu ;Dks{ ug{ al\~rt ul/Psf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf
/x\]sf\] t\'s{d\]g--6\]lnlehgdfkm{t dfq ;Lldt dfqfdf OG6/g\]6 ;\]jf
k\|bfg ul/Psf\] lyof\] . ;\]K6\]Dj/ @))@ b\]lv s\'g} klg gofF OG6/g\]6
;\]jf vf\]Ng lbOPsf\] 5}g . cu:6df ;/sf/n\] kqsf/x? cf\]u\'N;\\kfk/
dfO/f8f\]df, cGgfs\'jf{g cdglsn\]r\]e / ;k/blb{ xflho\]enfO{ xftxltof/
/fv\]sf\] cf/f\]k nufO{ lx/f;tdf lnof\] / \^ b\]lv & jif{sf\] nflu h\]n
rnfg u¥of\] . ;\]K6\]Dj/df /\]l8of\] lk\| o\"/f\]k tyf /\]l8of\]
lnjl6{sf ;+jfbbftf dfO/f8f\]efsf\] sf/fuf/ leq} z+sf:kb ?kdf d\[To\'
eof\] . u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf cg\';f/ dfO/f8f\]ef / pgsf b\'O{ hgf ;dsIfL
kqsf/x?nfO{ u}/ sfg\'gL xltof/ /fv\]sf\] cf/f\]k sj\'n ug{ nufpgsf nflu
lx/f;t leq ljleGg oftgf lbOPsf\] lyof\] . l8;\]Dj/ @! df /fi6«klt
;fDkf/d\'/t lgofhf\]esf\] lgwg eof\] .

**pHj\]s:yfgsf\]** ;/sf/n\] k\|foh;f\] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf ultljlwx?sf\]
lgoGq0f cfkm\\gf\] xftdf lnPsf\] lyof\] . b\]zdf sfd ub}{ u/\]sf
cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf nufot @)) eGbf a9L gful/s ;dfh ;DalGwt
;+:yfx?nfO{ sfg\'gsf\] pNn+3g u/\]sf\] cf/f\]kdf aGb u/fOPsf\] lyof\] .
:jtGq kqsf/ tyf dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?dfly ul/g\] cTofrf/ / pTkL8g lg/Gt/
/Xof\] .

**l;l/ofnL** ;/sf/n\] ;\"rgf tyf hfgsf/L k\|sfzdf Nofpg\] s\'/f k\"/f
?kdf lgoGq0f u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;fy} ;/sf/sf\] cfnf\]rgf ug{ lgif\]w
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;fy;fy} If\]qLo d\'2fx? / wfld{s tyf cNk;+Vos ;d\'xsf
af/\]df 5nkmn / ax; ug{ klg lgif\]w ul/Psf\] lyof\] . oL aGb\]hx?sf lj?4
s\'g} cleJolSt lbPdf jf pNn3+g u/\]df tL JolQmx?nfO{ s\'6lk6 ug\]{ /
lx/f;tdf lng\] u/\]sf\] lyP . pbfx/0fsf\] nflu km\]a\|\'c/Ldf kqsf/
cfb\]n dkm\'hn\] u/\]sf\] cGt/ wfld{s jftf{sf\] cfXjfg kZrft\\ pgnfO{
lu/km\\tf/ ul/of\] . df\]xDdbnfO{ sf6\'{gsf ?kdf ptfl/Psf\] ljjfb kl5
pgn\] o:tf\] cfXjfg u/\]sf lyP . ;/sf/n\] ljBdfg k\|\]; tyf k\|sfzgsf
sfg\'gx? ;hfo P\]g / ;+s6sfnLg sfg\'gx?sf\] k\|of\]u u/\]/ OG6/g\]6sf\]
k\|of\]u / ljB\'tLo ;\~rf/ dfWodx?nfO{ lgif\]w ug{ k\|of\]u u¥of\] .
:jb\]zsf dfjg clwsf/sdL{x?nfO{ klg b\'Mv lbof\] . o;df tL dfgj
clwsf/sdL{x? dfly s8f lgu/fgL /fVg\] tyf sfo{zfnf jf uf\]i7Ldf ;xefuL
x\'g ljb\]z hfg /f\]s nufpg\] sfd ul/of\] .

**O/fgdf** k\|\]; :jtGqtfsf\] l:ylt lgs} gfh\'s /Xof\] . ;/sf/n\] :jtGq
;dfrf/ kqx? ;/f3 / O/fg aGb u/\]kl5, OG6/g\]6sf\] Go\"h j\]a;fO6x?
Go\"of\]s{ 6fOD; / ljlj;L kmf/;L ;\]jf ;d\]tdf k\|ltjGw nufOof\] / kqsf/
/ j\]j ;fO6 lgdf{0fstf{x?nfO{ aGbL agfOPsf\] lyof\] . clwsf/Lx?n\]
kqsf/x?sf lj?4 xltof/sf ?kdf b\]z 5f\]8\\g k\|ltjGw nufOPsf\] lyof .

**a\'?G8Lsf\]** ;/sf/n\] kqsf/x? / dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?nfO{ 8/, qf;
b\]vfpg\], kqmfp ug\]{ / lx/f;tdf lng\] sfo{x? a9\\b} uof\] . w\]/} cGo
JolStx? dWo\] b\]zsf\] Ps k\|ltli7t e\|i6frf/ lj/f\]wL u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfsf cWoIfnfO{ k\|x/Ln\] kqmfp u/\]/ w\]/} dlxgf y\'gfdf /fv\]sf\]
lyof\] . Pp6f k\|fGtsf ueg{/n\] b\]zsf\] cu\|0fL dfgj clwsf/jfbL u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yf lnu O6\]sfnfO{ zflGtsf\] b\'Zdg ePsf\] cf/f\]k nufPsf lyP .
gf\]e\]Dj/df Ps ;/sf/L clwsf/Ln\] #@ j6f cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx?n\] clgjfo{ ?kdf k\]z ug\'{kg\]{ aflif{s k\|ltj\]bg k\]z
gu/\]sfn\] b\]zaf6 lgisfl;t x\'g ;Sg\] ;Defjgfsf\] pb\\3f\]if u/\]sf lyP
.

**?jfG8fdf** gful/s ;dfhsf\] sfd tyf ultljlwdf afwf tyf /f\]sfj6
k\'¥ofpg\] jftfj/0f /Xof\] . cfGtl/s tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx?n\] x/\]s jif{ btf{ ug\]{ k\|lqmof k\'/f ug\'{kg\]{ / ;/sf/nfO{
;+:yfsf x/\]s ultljlwsf af/\]df hfgsf/L lbg\' kg\]{ sfg\'gL Joj:yf
lyof\] . clwsf/Lx?sf cg\';f/ s\]xL u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfn\] ljb\]zL bft\[
;+:yfsf\] ;xfotf jf sf\]if k\|fKt ug\'{ cl3 ;/sf/sf\] cg\'dlt lng h?/L
lyof\] . o; afx\]s, ;a} u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ Ps} ;d\'xdf cfj4 eP/
pgLx?sf\] lqmofsnfk Joj:yf tyf ;\~rfng ug{ cfXjfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

**e\]g\]Hj\]nfsf**\] ;/sf/n\] gful/s ;dfhnfO{ b\'Mv lbg\] tyf wDsfpg\]
sfo{ hf/L /fVof\] . vf; u/L r\'gfjL ko{j\]If0f ug\]{ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf
;\'dft\]sf g\]tf cu\'jfx?nfO{ ljb\]zL ;xfotf :jLsf/ u/\]sf\] cf/f\]kdf
nufOPsf\] d\'2fnfO{ clglZrt sfnsf nflu kl5 ;fl/Ptfklg ;f\]sf\] k\|efj
clxn\];Dd klg Jofks ?kdf /lx/x\]sf\] 5 . jif{sf\] cGt;Dddf /fli6«o ;efdf
o:tf\] sfg\'gL d:of}bf NofOPsf\] 5 h;sf\] sfof{Gjogn\] u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfsf\] cfly{s ultljlwdf ;/sf/sf\] lgoGq0fnfO{ a9fpg\] 5 . / o;n\]
dfjg clwsf/ tyf nf\]stGqsf\] k\|j4{gdf sfd ug{af6 u}=;=;=x?nfO{ al\~rt
ug\]{ 5 . ;/sf/L clwsf/x?sf\] dfgxfgL ubf{ s}b x\'g\] u/L ul/Psf\]
...;hfoF P\]gÚ sf\] ;+zf\]wg / kqsf/x? dfly ul/Psf\] lx\|+;s xdnf x\'g\]
sf/0fn\] ubf{ cfkm\"n\] cfkm}+nfO{ ;\]G;/ ug\]{ jftfj/0f ;\[hgf u¥of\] .
;/sf/n\] k\|ltkIfL tyf :jtGq ;\~rf/ dfWodnfO{ b\'Mv lbg\] sfd lg/Gt/
?kdf a9fof\] . l8;\]Dj/df /fi6«klt rfe\]hn\] b\]zsf\] ;a}eGbf k\'/fgf\]
Jofkfl/s 6\]lnlehg g\]6js{ /\]l8of\] sf/fsf; 6\]lnlehgsf\] k\|;f/0f
cg\'dlt kq gljs/0f /f\]Ssf ul/lbP . ;/sf/n\] o; g\]6js{sf dflnsnfO{ s\'
ug{ p2t ;d\'x egL cf/f\]k nufof\] ;fy;fy} hgtfnfO{ ljZjf;3ft u/\]sf\]
cf/f\]k nufof\] .

**rLgdf** b\]zL / ljb\]zL u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? dflysf\] lgu/fgL / aGb\]hx?
a9fOP . ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] cGt;Dddf Reporters Without Borders sf cg\';f/ #!
kqsf/ / %@ OG6/g\]6 n\]vsx? h\]ndf /flvPsf lyP . ;/sf/n\] OG6/g\]6sf\]
k\|of\]unfO{ k\|f\]T;fxg lbPtf klg o;sf\] k\|of\]u dfly tyf ljifoj:t\'
dfly lgoGq0f, ;\"rgfsf\] lgif\]w / o;sf sfg\'gx?sf\] kfngf gug\]{nfO{
;hfoF lbg\] sfo{ hf/L /fVof\] . j\]e ;fO6\\ btf{ ug{sf nflu s8f lsl;dsf
cfjZostfx?, cgnfOg ljifoj:t\' dfly a9\\bf\] ;/sf/L lgoGq0f / cj}wflgs
cgnfOg ljifox?sf\] ;\"rLnfO{ lj:tf/ ul/of\] . ;/sf/n\] cfkm\"n\]
;f\]r\]sf\] ljjfbf:kb j\]e ;fO6\\;x?sf\] k\|of\]udf /f\]s nufof\] /
cTofw\'lgs k\|ljlwsf\] k\|of\]uaf6 k\'/} j\]e;fO6x? aGb gu/\]/ s\]xL
ljz\]if efux?df dfq aGb\]h nufof\] .

**leotgfdn\]** OG6/g\]6sf\] cg\'udg / lgif\]w ug\]{ sfo{nfO{ hf/L
/fVof\] / cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ / ;dfrf/d\"ns j\]e ;fO6\\x?nfO{ aGb
u¥of\] . sfg\'gn\] gful/sx?nfO{ k\|efjxLg ;/sf/ / e\|i6frf/sf lj?4
af\]Ng kfpg\] clwsf/ lbPtf klg ;/sf/n\] ;\~rf/ dfWodnfO{ sDo\"lgi6 kfl6{
lj?4 n\]vx? 5fKg aGb\]h nufof\] . o;sf ;fy} ;\~rf/ dfWodn\] ;dfj\]zL,
ax\'bnLo k\|hftGqsf\] ;dy{gdf / dfgj clwsf/ gLlt lj?4 n\]Vg\] clwsf/
dfly aGb\]h sfod} /Xof\] . ;/sf/n\] :jtGq ;\]jf k\|bfosx?sf dfkm{t
OG6/g\]6 k\|of\]u dfly k\"0f{ ?kdf aGb\]h nufPsf\] 5 / ;fOj/ Sofkm\]sf
dflnsx?n\] cfkm\\gf u\|fxssf\] JolQmut ljj/0f / pgLx?n\] x\]/\]sf\]
;fO6\\x?sf\] clen\]v /fVg h?/L 5 . ;/sf/n\] s\]xL pRr :t/Lo /fhg}lts /
wfld{s ljb\|f\]xLx?nfO{ l/xf u¥of\] o;df 8fS6/ kmf xf\]ª ;g klg k/\]
h;nfO{ nf\]stGqsf ljifosf n\]vx? cg\'jfb / ljt/0f u/\]sf\] cf/f\]k
nfu\]sf\] lyof\] .

**;a} eGbf uDeL/ ljifo j+zljgfz /x\\of\]**

dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL cfGt/f{li6«o 3f\]if0ff hf/L ePsf\] \^) jif{ kl5
bf\]\>f\] ljZj o\'4sf\] emNsf\] cfpg\] u/L **;\'8fgsf\]** 8f/km/df
hfltljgfz x\'g uof\] . @@ jif{sf\] u\[xo\'4 cGt ug{ ;g\\ @))%, hgj/Ldf
ePsf\] ax\[t zflGt ;Demf}tfn\] ;f\]xL jif{ ;+o\'Qm ;/sf/sf\] :yfkgf
u/\]tf klg ;\'8fgsf\] hflto åGå sfod} /Xof\], ljz\]if u/L 8f/kmf\]/df
o;n\] ljWj;+sf/L ?k lnof\] . ;\'8fgsf\] ;/sf/L tyf ;/sf/ ;dly{t
hfGhjLb\\ ldlnl;of 8f/kmf\]/sf\] hfltljgfz sf\] nflu lhDd\]jf/ 5g\\ /
;a} kIfx? k\|ltj4tfsf\] uDeL/ pNn3+gsf efuL lyP h;df cfd gful/ssf\]
Jofks xTof, anfTsf/, tl/sfa4 oftgf, n\'6kf6 / afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;}Gosf
?kdf elt{ ug\]{ h:tf sfo{x? ePsf lyP . ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] cGt;Dddf
8f/kmf\]/sf\] åGån\] @ nfv gful/s xTof ePsf\] lyof\] / @) nfv lj:yflkt
ePsf lyP . @ nfv #\$ xhf/ eGbf a9L z/0ffyL{sf ?kdf l5d\]sL /fi6« rf8
lelqPsf lyP . ;\'8fgsf\] l;dgfdf /x\]sf rf8 / ;\]G6«n clk\|msg l/klAns
b\'a}df lx+;fTds hflto åGå z\'? x\'g yfNof\] .

clb; caaf k\|m\]djs{sf\] ;dy{g hgfPtfklg ;\'8fgsf\] ;/sf/n\] cGt/fli6«o
;\]gfnfO{ 8f/km/ l5g{ lbPg / ;g= @))\^ sf\] kl5Nnf\] r/0fdf cfP/ ;}lgs
cfqmd0f km\]/L z\'? u¥of\] . lju\|Fbf\] ;\'/Iff l:yltsf sf/0f s\]xL
cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf / dfgjLo ;xof\]u ;+:yfx?n\] cfkm\\gf\]
sfdnfO{ 36fpg k¥of\] / s\'g}n\] aGb g} ug\'{k¥of\] .

**/Ifssf\] /Iff**

**dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o 3f\]if0ff** kqdf pNn\]v ePsf
k\|ltj4tfx? k\'/f ug{sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;d\'bfo\--vf;u/L ;+;f/sf
k\|hftflGqs d\'n\'sx?n\] cfhsf\] uDeL/ oyfy{nfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsb}g
eGg\] 7fGg\' x\'Fb}g . jf:tjdf To;n\] xfdLnfO{ dfgj k\|lti7f / /fhg}lts
;\'wf/sf nflu sfo{ ug\]{x?;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ afWo agfpF5 .

;g\\ @))\^ df dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?sf k\|f\]T;fxgof\]Uo k\|of;x?nfO{
nf\]stflGqs ;/sf/x?n\] phfu/ u/\]sf lyP M

;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3sf\] ;fwf/0f ;efn\] ;g\\ @))\^ df O/fg, a\]nf?;,
pQ/sf\]l/of / adf{df sfo{/t dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?sf\] /Iffsf\] nflu hf\]8
lbPsf\] lyof\] .

;g\\ @))\$ df /fi6«klt a\'zn\] cl3 ;fg\'{ ePsf\] ljrf/af6 @))% df
ag\]sf\] ;+o\'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo nf\]stflGqs sf\]ifn\] cfkm\\gf\] klxnf\]
aif{ k\'/f u¥of\] . o;sf\] af\]8{n\] k\]z ul/Psf !#)) eGbf a9L
kl/of\]hgfx? dWo\] !@% j6f kl/of\]hgfx?nfO{ sf\]if pknAw u/fpg\] lg0f{o
u¥of\] . o;af6 \# s/f\]8 %) nfv 8n/ eGbf a9L cfly{s cg\'bfg lbOg\]5 vf;
u/L nf\]stGq ;dy{s gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yfx?nfO{ .

If\]qLo txdf h\'g @))\^ df cu{gfOh\]zg ckm cdl/sL :6\]6\\;sf\] ;fwf/0f
;efn\] ;fG6f\] 8f\]ldªuf\] 3f\]if0ff kq hf/L u¥of\] . of\] ax\'b\]zLo
k\|ltj4tfn\] o; If\]qsf /fi6«x?nfO{ æx/\]s dflg;sf\] efjgf JoQm ug\]{
:jtGqtfsf\] ;\'lglZrt, lgjf{w?kn\] /fhg}lts 5nkmndf ;fd\]n x\'g kfpg\]
:jtGqtf / ;\~rf/sf x/\]s dfWodx?, OG6/g\]6 nufot, dfkm{t ljrf/sf\] cfbfg
k\|bfg ug{ kfpg\]Æ clwsf/x?sf\] ;Dj4{g ug{ k\|ltj4 agfof\] . oL /fi6«sf
ljb\]z dGqLx?n\] o;sf /0fgLltx? ljsf; / /fd\|f cEof;x?nfO{ k\|f\]T;fxg
ug\]{ k\|lta4tfsf\] klg 3f\]if0ff u/\] .

o;sf\] dfgj clwsf/ ;Dj4{g cfof\]u / dfgj clwsf/ /Ifssf\] PsfOn\] s\]xL
b\]zx?df dfgj clwsf/sdL{n\] ef\]Ug\' k/\]sf uDeL/ ;d:ofx?sf\] af/\]df Ps
k\|ltj\]bg tof/ kf¥of\] . o;n\] tL ;/sf/x?nfO{ dfgj clwsf/sdL{sf\] sfddf
;3fpg hf\]8 lbof\] .

h\'nfOdf clk\|msL /fi6«fWoIfx? ;xefuL x\'g\] clk\|msg o\'lgosf\] ;fwf/0f
;ef cufj} !( clk\|msL b\]zsf gful/s ;+3 ;+:yfx?n\] uflDaofsf\] afGh\'ndf
;Dd\]ng u/\]/ tL g\]tfx?sf nflu gful/s ;dfhsf\] e\"ldsf af/\]df hfgsf/L
/ l;kmfl/; tof/ kf/\] . pgLx?n\] s\'g} /fi6«n\] ;GwL ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/
u/\]kl5 kfngf ug\'{kg\]{ pQ/bfloTjx?, gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ;\"rgfsf\] clwsf/
k\|bfg / lj:tf/ ug\]{ tl/sfx? / lje\]bk\"0f{ gful/stf ;DaGwL sfg\'x?sf
af/\]df hfgsf/L lbOPsf\] lyof\] / o;df ;\'wf/ ug\]{ pkfox? klg l;kmfl/;
ul/Psf\] lyof\] . pQm ;Dd\]ngdf oL l;kmfl/zx?nfO{ kfl/t ul/Psf\] lyof\]
.

eljiosf nflu d\~r -kmf\]/d km/ lkmpr/\_ gfdsf ;+oqn\] dWok\"j{ tyf pQ/L
clk\|msL If\]qsf gful/s ;dfh;Fu cfa4 ;+:yfx?sf k\|ltlglw / ;d\'x -- \*
-lh--\*\_ sf b\]zx? Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf eP/ hf\]8{gsf\] 8\]8 l;df e\]6\\of\]
. h;df !\^ d\'n\'ssf s/Lj %) hgf gful/s ;dfhsf cu\'jfx?sf\] k\|ltlglwTj
lyof\] . o; d\~rdf gful/s ;dfhsf k\|ltlglwx?n\] ljlwsf\] zf;g,
kf/blz{tf, dlxnf tyf o\'jf ;zlQms/0f / gful/s ;dfh nfO{ sfo{ ug{ a}wflgs
jftfj/0f ;\[hgf ug\'{kg\]{ h:tf k\|fyldstfsf If\]qsf af/\]df 5nkmn
ul/Psf\] lyof\] . o;} d\~rdf ;xefuLx?n\] ;\'wf/ k\|lqmofnfO{ s;/L
alnof\] agfpg\] / ;\'wf/ ;DaGwL ;\'emfjx?nfO{ s;/L kfngf ug\]{ eGg\]
h:tf ljifox?df klg 5nkmn ul/of\] . ;a}eGbf sl7g sfo{ \-- gful/s ;dfh
cfa4 ;+:yfx?åf/f lbOPsf ;\'emfjx? kfngf ug\]{ / sfof{Gjog ug\]{ \-- sfd
afFsL g} /x\]tfklg o; d\~rn\] /fhg}lts ;\'wf/sf ljifodf gful/s ;dfhsf\]
e\"ldsf / ;dfh / ;/sf/ aLrsf\] uDeL/ ax; / ;fem\]bf/Lsf ljifodf
dxTjk\"0f{ 5nkmn ug{ ;kmn /Xof\] . h\'g o; cl3 slxNo} ePsf\] lyPg .

cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ lbj; @))\^ dgfpg\] s\|ddf, ljb\]z dGqL /fO;n\]
dfgj clwsf/ / nf\]stGqsf /IfsnfO{ ;dy{g ug\]{ @ j6f cjwf/0ff cufl8
;fg\'{eof\] M

pgn\] :6\]6 l8kf6{d\]G6åf/f k\|bfg ul/g\] dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs sf\]ifsf\]
:yfkgf ePsf\] 3f\]if0ff ul/g . ;f\] sf\]ifsf nflu :6\]6 l8kf6{d\]G6åf/f
sf\]if hDdf ul/g\] / ;+;f/e/ ;/sf/åf/f bdg ul/Psf / clt cfjZos ePsf dfjg
clwsf/ /Ifsx?nfO{ l56} ljt/0f ul/g\] hfgsf/L lbOg\\ . o; sf\]ifn\]
sfg\'gL k\|lt/Iff, :jf:Yo pkrf/ vr{ / sfo{stf / pgsf kl/jf/sf cfjZostfx?
k\"/f ug{sf nflu k\|of\]u ul/g\] 5 .

ljb\]zdGqL /fO;n\] ;/sf/n\] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ ug\'{kg\]{ Jojxf/sf
af/\]df bz u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf l;4fGtx? (NGO Principles) klg hf/L ul/g\\
. oL d\'Vo l;4fGtx?n\] cd\]l/sL ;/sf/nfO{ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf;Fu s:tf\]
Jojxf/ ug\]{ eGg\] af/\]df dfu{bz{g lbG5 ;fy}, xfdL o;nfO{ cGo
;/sf/x?sf\] ultljlw d\"Nof+sg ug{ klg k\|of\]u ug\]{5f}+ . o; l;4fGtn\]
dfjg clwsf/ /Ifssf af/\]df lgs} nfdf\] / lj:t\[t ;+o\'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf
l;4fGtx? / cGo cGt/f{li6«o l;4fGtnfO{ ;\'wf/fTds 9+un\] k\|:t\'t
u/\]sf\] 5 . To;}n\] oL l;4fGtx? ;/sf/, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh /
kqsfx?sf nflu dxTjk\"0f{ / ;xh ;\|f\]t ;fljt x\'g ;S5 .

ha nf\]stGqn\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] jsfnt ug\]{ JolStx? / gful/s ;dfhnfO{
;dy{g u5{, ta xfdLn\] ljZje/sf dlxnf tyf k\'?ifnfO{ cf--cfkm\\gf\] :jtGq
efUo cfkm}+ agfpg d2t ul//x\]sf x\'G5f}+ . ;fy} o;f\] u/\]df xfdLn\]
;a}sf nflu ;\'/lIft / c;n ljZjsf\] lgdf{0f ug{ d2t ul//x\]sf x\'G5f}+ .

xfdLn\] /Ifsx?sf\] /Iff ug\'{k5{ lsgsL pgLx? zflGtk\"0f{ / nf\]stflGqs
kl/jt{gsf ;+jfxs x\'g\\ .

[g\]kfn]{.underline}

dfgj clwsf/sf cEof; ;DaGwL /fli6«o k\|ltj\]bgx? -- [@))\^]{.underline}

g\]kfn ;+;bLo k\|0ffnL cg\';f/sf\] ;/sf/ ePsf\] ;+a}wflgs /fhtGqfTds
b\]z xf\] / oxfFsf\] hg;+Vof em08} @ s/f\]8 \*) nfv /x\]sf\] 5 . clk\|n
@&, @))\^ ;Dd /fhf 1fg\]Gb\|n\] dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xL;Fu n8\\g\' kg\]{
sf/0f b\]vfO{ ;+ljwfgsf\] ;+s6sflng clwsf/ ;DaGwL wf/f cGtu{t ;/sf/df
l;w} lgoGq0f ug\]{ sfd u/\]sf lyP . clk\|ndf ePsf\] ;zQm hgcfGbf\]nfg
kZrft\\ /fhf 1fg\]Gb\|n\] ;+;b k\'g:yf{kgf u/L cfkm\"df lglxt ;Dk\"0f{
clwsf/ Tofu u/L k\|wfgdGqL lu/Lhfk\|;fb sf\]O/fnfåf/f g\]t\[Tj ul/Psf\]
;ft /fhg}lts bn ;lDdlnt ;+o\'Qm ;/sf/nfO{ ;Qf x:tfGt/0f u/\]sf lyP . ;ft
/fhg}lts bnx?df g\]kfnL sfFu\|\];, g\]kfnL sfFu\|\]; -k\|HfftflGqs\_,
g\]skf Pdfn\], g\]kfn ;b\\efjgf kf6L{ -- cfgGb b\]jL, hgdf\]rf{ g\]kfn,
g\]kfn dhb\"/ tyf ls;fg kf6L{ / ;+o\'Qm afd df\]rf{ 5g\\ . gf\]e\]Dj/ @!
df ;/sf/ / dfcf\]jfbL aLr j\[xt\\ zfGtL ;Demf}tf ;DkGg ePsf\] lyof\]
h;df dfcf\]jfbL ;lxtsf\] cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g l8;\]Dj/ !, @))\^ df ug\]{
lg0f{o ePsf\] lyof\] . ;g\\ @))\^ sf\] cGt;Dd klg ;/sf/ /
dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g ug{ ;s\]gg\\ . ;a}eGbf clGtd lgjf{rgsf
?kdf ;g\\ !((( df ;+;bLo lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf\] lyof\] h\'g cGt//fli6«o
cjnf\]sgstf{ tyf lg/LIfsx?sf cg\';f/ ;fdfGotof lgZkIf / :jtGq lyof\] .
km\]a\|\'c/L dlxgfdf /fhfåf/f ;\~rflnt gu/ lgjf{rg clwsf+z /fhg}lts
bnx?af6 alxis\[t / cGt/f{li6«o ;d\'bfoaf6 cfnf\]lrt lyof\] . hgcfGbf\]ng
cufl8 /fhf 1fg\]Gb\|n\] k\|ToIf ?kdf ;/sf/sf\] zlQm cfkm\\gf\] lgoGq0fdf
lng\'sf\] ;fy} ;do ;dodf ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] klg :jtGq ?kdf sfo{ ug\]{
ub{y\] . clk\|nsf\] hg cfGbf\]ng kZrft gjul7t ;/sf/n\] ;a} ;\'/Iff
kmf}hsf zlQmx? cfkm\\gf\] lgoGq0fdf lnPtf klg ;/sf/n\] ;\'/Iff kmf}hnfO{
k\|efjsf/L ?kdf kl/rfng u/L sfg\'gL Joj:yf nfu\" u/fpg ;s\]sf\] 5}g\\ .
gf\]e\]Dj/ @! df ul/Psf\] zfGtL ;Demf}tfn\] g\]kfn k\|x/L / ;z:q
k\|x/LnfO{ /fHodf sfg\'gL Joj:yf sfod u/fpg\] lhDd\]jf/L ;\'Dk\]sf\]
lyof\] . b\]zsf s\'g} s\'g} k\|x/L rf}sLx? o; bf}/fg k\'g:y{fkgf ul/Psf
lyP t/ nut} dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] tL k\|x/L rf}sLx? aGb u/fPsf lyP . ;/sf/n\]
dfcf\]jfbL dfly sf/jfxL u/\]/ zfGtL ;Demf}tfnfO{ hf\]lvddf gkfg{
k\|x/LnfO{ cfb\]z lbPsf\] lyof\] .

utjif{ e/ ;\'/Iffkmf}hsf ;b:ox? / dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLx?n\] uxg dfgj
clwsf/sf\] b\'?kof\]u u/\]sf lyP . 3fts zlQmx?sf\] cj}wflgs / dgk/L
k\|of\]u, oftgf lbOg\]sf ;fy;fy} j\]kQf kfl/g\] h:tf sfo{x? af/Daf/
eO/xGy\] . To;} u/L dgk/L kqmfp ug\'{ / nfdf\] ;do;Dd y\'gfdf /fVg\',
e\]nf x\'gaf6 al\~rt ug\'{, gful/sx?sf\] ;/sf/ kl/jt{g ug\]{ clwsf/df
c8\\rg Nofpg\' / ;\'/Iff kmf}hsf nflu b08xLgtf h:tf s\'/f uDeL/
;d:ofsf\] ?kdf b\]vf k/\] . ;/sf/n\] :jtGq Gofokflnsfsf\] :jtGqtf ;Lldt
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;dfrf/ k\|;f/0f tyf k\|sfzg lgnlDat u/\]sf\] lyof\] .
ltAatL ;d\'bfo / cfGtl/s e\|d0fx?dfly lgif\]lwt ug\'{sf ;fy} ckfËx? /
tNnf\] hfthflt dfly e\]befjk\"0f{ Jojxf/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] . r\]nLa\]6L
a\]rljvg / dlxnfdfly ul/g\] lx+;fn\] lg/Gt/tf kfPsf\] lyof\] .
dfcf\]jfbL sf\] lx+;f, hjh{:tL /sd c;\'nL / qf; b\]vfpg\] h:tf sfo{x?
klg jif{e/ hf/L /Xof\] -v08 ! hL= df x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ .

clk\|n @& kl5sf\] ;Qf x:tfGt/0fkl5 dfgj clwsf/sf\] l:yltdf s\]xL ;\'wf/
ePsf\] 5 . ;/sf/L b\'Jo{jxf/x? qmldd ?kdf 36\] t/ ckx/0f, hj/h:tL /sd
c;\'nL, lx+;f h:tf dfcf\]jfbLsf b\'Jo{jxf/x? 36\\g\'sf\] ;§fdf hf/L g}
/x\]sf\] 5 .

dfgj clwsf/k\|lt ;Ddfg

v08 ! JolQmsf\] OdfGbf/Lk\|ltsf\] ;Ddfgsf ;fy} lgDg s\'/fx?sf\] :jtGqtf

-s\_ hyfefjL jf u}/sfg\'gL ?kdf hLjg hf\]lvddf kfg\]{

clk\|nsf\] hg cfGbf\]ng cufl8 ;\'/Iff kmf}håf/f hj/h:tL / u}/sfg\'gL
?kdf dfg\]{ sfo{ hf/L g} /Xof\] . :yfgLo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, cgf}krfl/s
;\]jf s\]Gb\|n\] u/\]sf\] cWoog cg\';f/ hgj/L ! b\]lv gf\]e\]Dj/ @) ;Dd
;\'/Iff kmf}håf/f @\$& JolQmx? dfl/Psf lyP . u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf
;\|f\]tx?sf cg\';f/ clk\|n @& sf\] o\'4lj/fd 3f\]if0ff cufl8 g\]kfnL
;\]gfsf ;}lgsx?åf/f lx/f;tdf /x\]sf y\'g\'jfx?nfO{ oftgf lbg\] / dfg\]{
sfo{ eof\] -v08 ! ;L x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ . clk\|n @& / l8;\]Dj/ #! sf\]
bf}/fg ;/sf/ / dfcf\]jfbLn\] hDdf \$# JolQmsf\] xTof u/\]sf\] /fli6«o
dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]un\] hgfPsf\] lyof\] . o; jif{ g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\]
dfgjclwsf/ cg\';Gwfg ;DaGwL PsfOn\] !)@ j6f 36gfsf\] cg\';Gwfg u¥of\]
h;df !\^# JolQmx? ;+nUg lyP . hyfefjL / u}x\|sfg\'gL xTofsf 36gfsf
kLl8tx? k\|foh;f\] dfcf\]jfbLx? g} ePsf\] g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] bfjL u¥of\] .
clk\|ndf ePsf\] ;+;b k\'g:yf{kgf kl5 g\]kfnL ;\]gfåf/f ePsf\] dfgj
clwsf/ pNn+3g qmlds ?kdf 36\\b} uPsf\] 5 .

km\]a\|\'c/L dlxgfsf\] \* tfl/vdf ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] bfªdf pd\]z rGb\|
yfkfnfO{ uf\]nL xfgL xTof u¥of\] . yfkf gu/ lgjf{rgsf\] lj/f\]wsf qmddf
zfGtLk\"0f{ k\|bz{g dfly ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] uf\]nL rnfpFbf dfl/Psf lyP .

OG;\]ssf cg\';f/ dfr{ dlxgfsf\] \* tfl/vdf ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] Ps cfd
gful/s Clif/fd s\'dfnsf\] uf\]nL xfgL xTof u¥of\] . s\'dfnn\]
s\';\'08\]6f/df 3/ kmls{/x\]sf\] a\]nf ;\'/Iff kmf}hnfO{ e\]6\]sf lyP
h;a\]nf ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] vf\]h tnf;sf\] sfjf{xL ;\~rfng ub\]{ lyof\] .
;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] s\'dfn;Fu sxfFaf6 cfpFb} x\'g\'x\'G5 eGg\] k\|Zg /fv\]
t/ s\'dfnn\] hjfkm lbPgg\\ . tTkZrft\\ ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] uf\]nL xfgL
pgsf\] xTof u¥of\] . o; 36gf kZrft\\ ;\'/Iff kmf}h glhs}sf\] /fdb\]jL
k\|fylds ljBfnodf uO{ ljBfnosf @ hgf lzIfsx?nfO{ 36gf ePsf\] :yfgdf nu\]
. ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] lt lzIfsx?nfO{ nf; klxrfg ug{sf\] nflu cg\'/f\]w u/\]
t/ pgLx?n\] nfzsf\] klxrfg ug{ ;s\]gg\\ . ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] pQm nf;nfO{
;f\]xL ljBfnosf\] glhs uf8\] / To;sf\] af/\]df s\'dfnsf kl/jf/nfO{ s\]xL
vj/ lbPgg\\ . ha s\'dfnsf\] kl/jf/n\] pgsf af/\]df vf\]htnf; / ;f\]wk\'5
z\'? u/\] ta ufpFn\]x? / lzIfsx?n\] To; lbg ljBfno glhs uf\]nL
r\]n\]sf\] lyof\] eGg\] hjfkm lbP . kLl8t kl/jf/ nf; ufl8Psf\] 7fpFdf uP
/ vg\]/ nf; lgsfn\] .

OG;\]sn\] hgfP cg\';f/ clk\|nsf\] !( lbg\] ;zQm hg cfGbf\]ngsf\] qmddf
;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] b\]ze/ @! hgf ;j{;fwf/0fsf\] xTof u¥of\] . dfl/g\]x?df
kf\]v/fdf led;\]g bfxfn, e/tk\"/df t\'n;L If\]qL, clk\|n \* df / clk\|n
!@ df gjnk/f;Lsf lji0f\' kf08\] ;d\]t lyP .

;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] y\'gfdf /flvPsf JolQmx? dfly clws jn k\|of\]u u/\]sfn\]
pgLx?sf\] d\[To\' ;d\]t ePsf\] lyof\] . hgj/L % tfl/vsf lbg dfcf\]jfbL
ePsf\] sf/0f b\]vfO ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] ef\]hk\'/df b\]j\]Gb\| /fOnfO{
kqmfp u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;\'/Iff kmf}hsf\] s\'6fOaf6 lgh /fOsf\] d\[To\'
x\'g uPsf\] lyof\] . clk\|n @\^ tfl/vsf lbg ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\]
dfcf\]jfbLsf\] cfz+sfdf ;kgf u\'?ªnfO{ kqmfp u/\]sf\] lyof\] . lgh
u\'?ªnfO{ ;}lgsx?n\] anfTsf/ kZrft\\ uf\]nL xfgL xTof u/\]sf lyP .
jif{sf\] cGt;Dd g\]kfnL ;\]gf o; 36gf tyf d\'2fsf ;DaGwdf s\'g} km};nfdf
k\'u\]sf\] 5}g .

o; jif{sf\] cGt;Dddf h\'nfO{df y\'gfdf dfl/Psf nIdL ofbj, xl/ k\|;fb
ofbj, sf/L sfFk/ / sf/L zfxx?sf xTofsf\] af/\]df s\'g} 5fgjLg tyf
sf/jfxL ug\]{ sfo{ ePsf\] 5}g .

;g\\ @))\$ df dfl/Psf /fh\]Gb\| kg\]?, u0f\]z :ofªTofª, ;\'eb\|f
rf}nfufO{, /Lgf /;OnL, lszf\]/ k6\]n s\'dL{, ;\'/\]z /fpt k6\]n,
uf\]ljGb kf}8\]n ;fy} km\]a\'\|c/L @))\$ df xfF8Lvf\]nf uf=lj=;= j8f g+=
\$ df ;}lgs sf/jfxLsf kLl8tx?sf ;DaGwdf s\'g} pknAwLd\"ns sfo{ x\'g
;s\]sf\] 5}g .

of\] jif{e/L g} g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] cfkm\\gf cv8f / ef}lts k\"jf{wf/x?
;\'/lIft /fVg lj5\\ofPsf af?bL ;\'?Ëx?af6 sf\]xL klg dfl/Psf\] jf 3fOt\]
ePsf\] hfgsf/L k\|sfzdf cfPg . dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] af?bL ;\'?Ë ;8sdf jf ;8s
5\]pdf /fVg\] u5{g\\ h;af6 ;\'/Iff kmf}h tyf ;j{;fwf/0f b\'j} dfl/G5g\\
-v08 ! hL df x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ . o; jif{ af?bL ;\'?ªsf\] ljikmf\]6gaf6
!!& a9L ;j{;fwf/0fx? 3fOt\] ePsf lyP h;dWo\] @# hgfsf\] Hofg uPsf\]
lyof\] . gf\]e\]Dj/ @! sf\] zfGtL ;Demf}tfn\] #) lbgleq ;Dk\"0f{ af?bL
;\'?Ëx?sf\] klxrfg ug\]{ / \^) lbgleq k\"0f{ ?kdf tL af?bL ;\'?Ëx?
x6fpg\] s\'/f kfl/t u/\]sf\] lyof\] . jif{sf\] cGt;Dddf o; k\|s\[ofsf\]
;\'?jftsf sxL ;+s\]tx? b\]vf k/\]sf 5}gg\\ .

dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLx?sf\] af/Daf/ ;\'/Iff kmf}h;Fu le8Gt ePsf\] lyof\]
. ;fy} pgLx?n\] ;\'/Iff kmf}h, ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? / ;j{;fwf/0fsf\] nlIft
xTof u/L g} /x\] . clk\|nsf\] o\'4 lj/fdkl5 dfcf\]jfbLåf/f ul/g\] xTofx?
36\]tf klg cGo b\'Ao{jxf/x? sfod} /x\]sf 5g\\ . jif{e/Ldf ljb\|f\]xLåf/f
@\$) gful/sx?sf\] xTof ePsf\] k\|ltj\]bg OG;\]sn\] ;fj{hlgs u/\]sf\]
lyof\] -v08 ! hL x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ . ;fy} hgj/L @@ df dfcf\]jfbLn\]
g\]kfn ;b\\efjgf kf6L{ cfgGb b\]jLsf :yfgLo g\]tf ljhonfn bf;sf\] uf\]nL
xfgL xTof u/\]sf lyP .

o; jif{ pNn\]vlgo ?kdf lelhnfGt\]x?n\] cftÍ / lx+;fnfO{ a9fpFb} nu\]sf\]
cg\'ej cfd gful/sn\] u/\]sf 5g\\ . pbfx/0fsf\] nflu dfcf\]jfbL lj/f\]wL
lelhnfGt\] ;d\'xn\] slkna:t\'df @ hgf dfcf\]jfbLsf\] xTof u/\]sf\] lyP .
;/sf/n\] tL xTofdf ;+nUg lelhnfGt\]x?nfO{ s\'g} b08 lbPg\\ .

-v\_ a\]kQf kfl/g\'

h\'g !@ eGbf cufl8 ;\'/Iff kmf}hsf\] clwgdf / y\'gfdf /x\]sf\] JolQmx?
j\]kQf kfl/g\] qmd rnL /Xof\] . s\]xL 36gfx?df s\]xL JolQmx? a\]kQf
kfl/P / ;/sf/n\] pgLx?nfO{ cft+ssf/L / ljWj+;fTds ultljlw lgoGq0f ;DaGwL
cWofb\]z -- æ6f8f\]Æ cGtu{t y\'gfdf /flvPsf\] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs gu/fP;Dd
pgLx?sf\] cj:yf s\] s:tf\] 5 eGg\] s\'/f nfdf\] ;do;Dd c1ft /Xof\] .
-v08 ! l8 x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_

h\'g !@ tfl/vdf ;/sf/n\] cft+ssf/L tyf ljWj+;fTds ultljlw lgoGq0f
cWofb\]z -- æ6f8f\]Æ vf/\]h u/L #)) b\]lv \^)) dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ y\'gf
d\'Qm u¥of\] . cftÍsf/L tyf ljWj+;fTds ultjlw lgoGq0f cWofb\]zsf\] P\]g
cGtu{t s\'g} klg z+sf:kb JolQmnfO{ lu/km\\tf/ ul/Psf\] \^) lbgleqdf
cbfnt;dIf k\]; ug\'{kg\]{ k\|fjwfg /x\]sf\] 5 . To:tf z+sf:kb JolQmnfO{
;/sf/n\] #\^) lbg ;Dd y\'gfdf /fVg ;S5 .

d\] dlxgfdf g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] dxf/fhu\~hl:yt e}/jgfy u0fåf/f dfcf\]jfbL
ePsf\] / dfcf\]jfbL;+u ;Dks{ ePsf\] cfz+sfdf ;g\\ @))# df kqmfp u/\]/
y\'g\'jfsf ?kdf /flvPsf \$( hgf j\]kQf JolQmx?sf\] l:yltsf af/\]df
;+o\'Qm /fi6« ;+3 dfgj clwsf/ pRr cfof\]usf sfof{non\] ;fj{hlgs u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] ltgLx?sf\] cj:yf s:tf\] 5 / sxfF 5g\\ eGg\] af/\]df
1fg gePsf\] lbof\] . e}/jgfy u0fsf ;b:ox?n\] ;g\\ @))# sf\]
;\]K6\]Dj/b\]lv l8;\]Dj/ ;Dddf !#& JolQmx? kqmfp u/\]sf\] hfgsf/L lbPtf
klg u0fsf clws\[tx?n\] aGbLx?nfO{ y\'gfdf /fv\]sf\] s\]xL ;dokl5 g}
d\'Qm ul/Psf\] jf s\'g} csf\]{ :yfgdf :yfgfGt/0f ul/Psf\] bfjL u/\]sf
lyP .

cgf}krfl/s If\]q ;\]jf s\]Gb\| -OG;\]s\_ n\] lbPsf\] tYof+s cg\';f/
ljb\|f\]x z\'? ePsf\] jif{ ;g\\ !((\^ b\]lv @))% sf\] cjlwe/ /x:odo
lsl;dn\] j\]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx?sf\] af/\]df tof/ kfl/Psf\] ;\"rLdf !#)%
hgf JolQmx?nfO{ j\]kQf kfg\]{ sfddf ;/sf/ lhDd\]jf/ /x\]sf\] pNn\]lvt 5
. OG;\]ssf\] hfgsf/L cg\';f/ dfcf\]jfbLsf\] tkm{af6 aif{el/df hDdf
\$\^,&(\$ hgf nfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf\] tyf \*,&!% JolQmx?nfO{ j\]kQf
kfl/Psf\] kfOPsf\] 5 . jif{sf\] cGt;Dddf klg j\]kQf kfg\]{ sfddf ;+nUg
;/sf/L clwsf/L tyf dfcf\]jfbLx?nfO{ s\'g} sf/jfxL ePsf\] lyPg ;fy}
sf/jfxL ug\]{ s\'g} ;Defjgf b\]lvPg .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]un\] ;g\\ @))) b\]lv @))\^ ;Dddf @,)#@
JolQmx?nfO{ j\]kQf kfg{ ;/sf/ lhDd\]jf/ /x\]sf\] jtfof\] . / jif{sf\]
cGt ;Dddf \^\$\^ JolQmx? afx\]s ;a} JolQmx?sf\] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs
ul/;s\]sf\] lyof\] . u\[x dGqfnon\] j\]kQf kfl/Psf \^\$\^ hgf
JolQmx?sf\] l:yltsf\] af/\]df 5fgaLg ug{sf nflu Ps ;ldlt u7g ul/;s\]tf
klg jif{sf\] cGt;Dddf To; ;ldltn\] s\'g} klg hfgsf/Lx? ;fj{hlgs u/\]sf\]
5}g .

;g\\ @))\$ df j\]kQf kfl/P kZrft\\ dfl/PsL d}gf ;\'g\'jf/sf dfldnfdf
;+nUg tLg dWo\] b\'O{hgf g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf clws\[tx? axfnjfnf g} /x\]sf
5g\\ eg\] Ps hgf clws\[tn\] P\]lR5s cjsf; lnPsf lyP . ;\]gfåf/f 5fgljgsf
nflu v6fOPsf\] sf\]6{ ckm OGSjfo/L af\]8{n\] o; 36gfsf ;DaGwdf 5fgljg
ubf{ d}gf ;\'g\'jf/nfO{ ;\]gfn\] g} r/d oftgf lbO{ dfl/Psf\] eGg\] s\'/f
k\'li6 ug\'{sf ;fy} pgsf\] nf; ufl8Psf\] If\]q klg klxrfg u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] ;}lgs cbfntn\] ;\]gfsf Ps hgf dxf;\]gfgL /
b\'O{ hgf ;x--;\]gfgLx?nfO{ o; d\'2fsf cf/f\]kL 7x¥ofO{ sfg\'gL ?kdf
sfjf{xL u/L km};nf ;\'gfOPsf\] lyof\] . h\'g km};nf cg\';f/
dxf;\]gfgLnfO{ \^ dlxgf ;}lgs lx/f;tdf tyf @ jif{sf nflu a9\'jf /f\]Ssf
ul/Psf\] lyof\] . ;fy} dxf;\]gfgLn\] hl/jfgf :j?k %),))) ?k}of -\^&%
8n/\_ ltg\'{k/\]sf\] lyof\] . b\'O{ hgf ;x;\]gfgLx?nfO{ \^ dlxgf ;}lgs
lx/f;tdf tyf ! jif{ a9\'jf /f\]Ssf / @%,))) ?k}of -##\* 8n/\_ hl/jfgf
ltg{ jfWo u/fOPsf\] lyof\] .

;g\\ @))\$ df a\]kQf kfl/Psf xl/s\[i0f clwsf/LnfO{ kQf nufpg\] ;DaGwdf
vf;} k\|ult ePg .

-u\_ oftgf tyf cGo lgb{oL, cdfgjLo cyjf gLr Jojxf/ / b08

sfg\'gn\] oftgf, s\'6lk6 / 3fOt\] agfpg\] sfo{nfO{ lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5
tfklg ;\'/Iff kmf}hx? lg/Gt/ ?kdf o:tf ultljlwx?df ;+nUg x\'g\],
cf/f\]lktx?nfO{ b08 lbg\] cyjf pgLx?nfO{ hjh{:tL :jLsfg{ nufpg\] sfddf
nfuL g} /x\] . oftgf lk8Lt ;/f\]sf/ s\]Gb\| -l;le6\_ gfd Ps :yfgLo u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yfåf/f hf/L ul/Psf\] Ps k\|ltj\]bg cg\';f/ cfFvfdf k§L afFWg\]
/ k}tfnfdf lk6\\g\] h:tf oftgf lbg\] k\|d\'v tl/sfx? /x\]sf lyP .
lx/f;tdf /x\]sf y\'g\'jfx?nfO{ Knfli6ssf\] kfOkn\] s\'6\\g\], kfgLdf
8afpg\], of}g b\'Jo{jxf/ ug\]{, lxF88\'n ug{af6 al\~rt ug\]{, nfdf\]
;do;Dd cr\]t cj:yfdf /flvg\] h:tf k\|d\'v b\'Jo{jxf/x? ul/P . alGbx?nfO{
/ftlbg b\'O xftdf g} xts8L nufO{ ;fF3\'/f\] sf\]7fdf kftnf\] u\'Gb\|Ldf
lgx\'l/P/ a:g afWo agfOGYof\] . pgLx? ;a}n\] Pp6} zf}rfno k\|of\]u ug{
afWo x\'g\'kg\]{ lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] ;\'/Iff kmf}håf/f ul/Psf\] lgb{oL
Jojxf/sf\] af/\]df 5fgljg / ulx/f\] cWoog ug{ ;s\]sf\] lyPg / oL 36gfdf
;+nUg JolQmx?nfO{ cg\'zf;gsf\] sf/jfxL ug{ klg s\'g} sbd rfn\]sf\] lyPg
. gful/sx?n\] klg k\|x/L jf ;\]gfn\] abnf lng\] 8/ jf qf;n\] pgLx?sf
lj?4df s\'g} To:tf d\'2f btf{ ug{ tTk/tf b\]vfPgg\\ .

clk\|n !\* df g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] dfcf\]jfbLsf\] cfz+sfdf jL/\]Gb\| yfkf /
jlsn zfxL nufot \^ hgf JolQmx?nfO{ kqmfp u/L oftgf lbOsg xTof u/\]sf lyP
. OG;\]ssf cg\';f/ g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf ;}lgsx?n\] yfkfnfO{ d/0ff;Gg x\'g\]
u/L lk6\]kl5 sDd/, 5ftL / 9f8df uf\]nL xfg\]sf lyP / zfxLnfO{ d\'v /
5ftLdf uf\]nL xfg\]sf lyP . ;\]gfn\] s\]zj l;+x / /fdafa\' rf}w/LnfO{
pgLx?sf\] 3/af6 xft k5fl8 afFw\]/ nuL xTof u/\]sf lyP . To;}lbg
dfcf\]jfbLsf\] cfz+sfdf ;\]gfn\] ljj\]s / /fh\]Gb\|nfO{ Ps cfl6{n/L
u0fdf nu\]/ b\'Jo{jxf/ u/\]sf lyP . g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] /fh\]Gb\|nfO{ d\]
!) tfl/vdf 5f\]8\]sf\] lyof\] eg\] OG;\]ssf cg\';f/ ljj\]snfO{ s\]xL ;do
k5fl8 dfq 5f\]l8Psf\] lyof\] .

h\'nfO{ @( tfl/vdf g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] e}/jgfy u0fsf ;}lgsx?n\]
sf7df08f}df \# hgf k\|x/L clws\[tx?nfO{ hjh{:tL ckx/0f u/L u0fleq nuL
r/d oftgf lbPsf lyP . cS6f\]j/ !( df hf/L ul/Psf\] g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf
k\|\]; lj1KtL cg\';f/ pQm xdnfdf ;+nUg \$ hgf g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf clws\[t /
!@ hgf cGo bhf{sf hjfgx?nfO{ ;}lgs cbfntn\] bf\]ifL 7x¥ofO{ sfjf{xLsf\]
km};nf u/\]sf\] lyof\] . 6f\]nL g\]tf ;x;\]gfgL /f0ffnfO{ ! jif{ s}b /
;\]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf\] lyof\] . 36gfdf ;+nUg cGo clws\[tx?nfO{ \$% lbg
;}lgs lx/f;tdf /fvL a9\'jf ;d\]t /f\]Ssf ul/Psf\] lyof\] .

g\]kfnL ;\]gf ;+o\'Qm /fi6« ;+3n\] k\|:t\'t u/\]sf oftgf ;DaGwL !&( j6f
d\'2fx?nfO{ k\'g/fjnf\]sg ug{ lqmofzLn /x\]sf\] atfPsf\] ePtf klg
;\]gfåf/f tL d\'2fx?sf\] ;DaGwdf rflnPsf sbd af/\] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/
cfof\]un\] s\'g} klg ;\"rgf k\|fKt ug{ ;s\]g . sfg\"gn\] oftgf
kLl8tx?nfO{ Ifltk\"lt{ lbg\] Joj:yf u/\]sf\] 5 . oftgf kL8t ;/f\]sf/
s\]Gb\| -l;les\_ sf cg\';f/ ;g\\ !((\^ b\]lv ut jif{sf\] cGt;Dd /fli6«o
dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]un\] @)) oftgf;DaGwL d\'2fx? btf{ u/\]sf\] lyof\] . tL
dWo\] o; jif{sf\] cGt ;Dddf () d\'2fx?sf\] km};nf ;\'gfOPsf\] lyof\]
h;df #) d\'2fx?sf\] km};nf oftgf kL8tsf\] kIfdf ePsf\] lyof\] . tL #)
km};nfx?dWo\] hDdf % hgf oftgf kLl8t kIfw/x?n\] ;/sf/af6 Ifltk\"lt{
kfPsf lyP . o;} jif{ b\'O{ afFr\]sf kLl8tdWo\] Ps hgfn\] cbfntsf\]
lg0f{o dfkm{t / csf\]{n\] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]u ;\'emfj dfkm{t
Ifltk\"lt{ k\|fKt u/\]sf lyP .

;g\\ @))% df ;\'g;/Ldf ul/Psf\] anTsf/sf\] 36gfdf ;+nUg ;}lgs hjfgx?sf
af/\]df gful/s cbfntaf6 s\'g} km};nf ePsf\] lyPg tfklg ltgLx? o;
jif{sf\] cGt;Dd gful/s aGbL u\[xdf g} /x\]sf 5g\\ .

;g\\ @))% sf\] lzj af\]x/f ;DaGwL d\'2fdf s\'g} k\|ult x\'g ;s\]sf\] 5}g
.

;g\\ @))\$ df n\'Snfdf b\'O ltAatL z/0ffyL{ dlxnfx? dfly ePsf\]
b\'Jo{jxf/ ;DaGwL d\'2fdf klg s\'g} ;\'wf/ x\'g ;s\]g .

dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLx?åf/f oftgf lbOPsf cf/f\]k k\|Tof/f\]kx? c;+Vo
5g\\ -v08 ! hL x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ .

h\]n tyf lx/f;t s\]Gb\|x?sf\] cj:yf

aGbL u\[xx?sf\] cj:yf cToGt bogLo / cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg\';f/ d\]n
gvfg\] vfnsf 5g\\ . sf/fuf/ Joj:yf ljefusf cg\';f/ h\]ndf /x\]sf %,%\*)
alGbx?dWo\] %,!%% k\'?if #\^) dlxnf, %) cNkjo:s / !% hgf ;--;fgf aRrfx?
/x\]sf lyP .

afnaflnsf tyf cNkao:ssf nflu pko\'Qm x\'g\] vfnsf\] lx/f;t ;\'ljwfsf\]
cefjn\] slxn\] sfxLF afnaflnsfx? klg jo:sx?;Fu} y\'gfdf /flvG5g\\ cyjf
afa\'cfdf h\]n k/\]sf aflnsfnfO{ /fVg\] a\]Un} 7fpFsf\] cefjn\]
afnaflnsfx?nfO{ pgLx?s} cfdfafa\';Fu h\]ndf /fVg\] ul/G5 .

;/sf/n\] dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]u tyf /fi6« ;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL pRr
cfo\'Qmsf\] g\]kfnl:yt sfof{nosf k\|ltlglwx?nfO{ ;\]gf tyf k\|x/L
lx/f;tdf /x\]sf JolQmx?;Fu e\]6\\g\] cg\'dlt lbOPsf\] lyof\] / tL e\]6x?
cfsl:ds klg x\'g\] ub{y\] .

-3\_ hyfefjL kqmfp jf y\'g\'jf

sfg\'gn\] u}x\| sfg\'gL ?kdf y\'Gg jf lx/f;tdf /fVg dgfxL u/\]sf\]
ePtfklg jif{el/ g} o;/L dgk/L kqmg\] / y\'gfdf /flvg\] qmd rnL g} /Xof\]
.

k\|x/L tyf ;\'/Iff ;+oGqsf\] e\"ldsf

clk\|nsf\] hgcfGbf\]ng cufl8 g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] Plss\[t ;\'/Iff cjwf/0ff
cg\'?k b\]zdf zfGtL ;\'/Iff tyf cdgrog sfod ug\]{ lhDd\]jf/L k\|fKt
u¥of\] h;df k\|x/L tyf ;z:q k\|x/L annfO{ ;d\]t ;dfj\]z ul/Psf\] lyof\]
.

hgcfGbf\]ng kZrft u\[xdGqfnon\] b\]zdf zfGtL ;\'Joj:yf / sfg\'gL Joj:yf
sfod ug\]{ lhDd\]jf/L s\'g} klg ;\'/Iff andf lglxt ul/Pg / Plss\[t
;\'/Iff cjwf/0ff h\'nfOdf e+u ul/Psf\] lyof\] . clk\|nb\]lv gf\]e\]Dj/
dlxgfsf\] aLrdf dfcf\]jfbL / ;ftbnsf\] u7aGwg aLr ePsf\] zfGtL jftf{sf\]
a\]nfdf ;/sf/n\] k\|x/LnfO{ lx+;fTds, qf;k\"0f{, hj/h:tL /sd c;\'nL tyf
xTofx?sf\] lj?4 s\'g} klg lsl;dsf\] x:tIf\]k gug{ lgb\]{zg lbOPsf\]
lyof\] . ;f\] lgb\]{zg zfGtL jftf{ ljyf\]lng\] 8/sf\] pkh lyof\] . @!
gf\]e\]Dj/df ePsf\] zfGtL ;Demf}tf cg\';f/ /fHodf sfg\'gL Joj:yf sfod
ug\]{ lhDdf g\]kfn k\|x/L / ;z:q k\|x/LnfO{ lbOof\] . @! gf\]e\]Dj/
b\]lv o; jif{sf\] cGt;Dddf w\]/} k\|x/L rf}sLx? k\'g:yf{kgf ul/P t/ nuQ}
dfcf\]jfbLn\] tL k\'g:yf{lkt rf}sLx? aGb ug{ afWo u/fP . o; jif{sf\]
cGt;Dddf klg zfGtL k\|lqmof vt/fdf kg\]{ 8/n\] ;/sf/n\] k\'ln;nfO{
dfcf\]jfbLsf\] lj/f\]wdf s\'g} klg sf/jfxL gug{ jf gu/fpg cfb\]z lbPsf\]
lyof\] . b\]zdf &% j6} lhNnfdf !÷! hgf k\|d\'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;a}eGbf
7\"nf\] cf\]xbfsf\] ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf ?kdf /xG5g\\ . pgnfO{ lhNnfdf zfGtL
;\'/Iff sfod u/fpg\] Jofks clwsf/ x\'G5 . k\|x/L tyf g\]kfnL ;\]gfleq
klg dfgj clwsf/ k\|j4{gsf nflu Pp6f 5\'§} PsfO /x\]sf\] x\'G5 h;n\] dfgj
clwsf/ xgg\\ ;DaGwL d\'2fx? 5fgljg ug\]{ ub{5 . t/ klg e\|i6frf/ tyf
b08lxgtf ;d:ofsf\] ?kdf /lx/Xof\] . clk\|n @& sf\] o\'4 lj/fd cufl8
k\|foh;f\] hgkb k\|x/Lx? lgz:q /x\]sf lyP / pgLx?sf\] sfd u}x\|
cfts+sf/L ck/fwsf\] 5fgljg tyf /f\]syfd ug\'{ lyof\] eg\] z;:q k\|x/Lx?
xftxltof/n\] ;\';lHht x\'g\] / x\'nb+uf /f\]Sg\], ;\'/Iff hfFr ug{ tyf
dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLx?;Fu n8\\g\] sfddf ;+nUg /xGy\] . ;fy} g\]kfnL
;\]gfsf PsfOx?;Fu ldnL ljb\|f\]xL;Fu n8\\g\] sfddf ;+nUg lyP . clk\|n @&
kl5 g\]kfnL ;\]gf Jof/\]s leq dfq ;Lldt /Xof\] . o;} jif{df g\]kfnL
;\]gfn\] !)@ j6f b\'Jo{jxf/ ;DaGwL d\'2fx? h;df !\^# JolQmx? ;+nUg 5g\\,
h\'g 5fgljg eO;s\]sf 5g\\ . tL !\^# j6f d\'2fx?dWo\] !!\$ d\'2f;Fu
;DalGwt bf\]ifLx?nfO{ \^ dlxgf b\]lv !) jif{ ;Ddsf\] h\]n ;hfoF lbOPsf\]
lyof\] . \^) j6f d\'2fdf ;DalGwt bf\]ifLx?nfO{ hflu/af6 lg:sfl;t
ul/Psf\] lyof\] . #( j6f d\'2fsf bf\]ifLx?nfO{ 36\'jf, \$& hgf bf\]ifLsf
nflu u\|\]8 tyf a9\'jf /f\]Ssf, ( hgf bf\]ifLsf nflu r\]tfjgL kq JolQmut
kmfOndf /fVg nufpg\] / \^ j6f d\'2fdf bf\]ifLn\] kLl8t kIfx?nfO{
Ifltk\"lt{ k\|bfg ug\]{ u/L lg0f{o ul/Psf\] lyof\] . clk\|n @& sf\] o\'4
lj/fd kZrft\\ klg k\|x/L leq e\|i6frf/ / b08xLgtf ;d:ofsf ?kdf /Xof\] .
s\]xL k\|x/L clws\[tx?nfO{ dfgj clwsf/ ;d\'xsf\] k\|ltj\]bgsf\] cfwf/df
dfgj clwsf/ xgg\\ u/\]sf\] 7x/ u/L bf\]ifL dfgL pQm JolQmx?nfO{ kbd\'Qm
ul/Ptf klg kl5 cfP/ ;f\]xL JolQmx?nfO{ u\[xdGqfnodf k\'gj{xfnL tyf
a9\'jf u/L ;Nnfxsf/sf ?kdf /flvof\] . dfjg clwsf/ ;DaGwL sfo{ ug\]{ ;+3
;+:yfsf cg\';f/ b08xLgtfsf\] ;+:s\[lt k\|x/L ;+oGq leq hf/L g} /Xof\] .
lhNnf txdf k\|x/L cfkm\" eGbf dflyNnf\] txsf\] clwsf/Lx?sf\] lgb\]{zg
aLgf sfo{ u/\]sf\] kfOof\] h;n\] zfGtL / ;\'--Joj:yf sfod ug\]{ lgxF\'df
hyfefjL lg0f{o ug\]{ u/\]sf lyP . @))% df h:t} k\|x/L b\'Jo{jxf/ /
3\';vf\]/Lsf w\]/} k\|ltj\]bgx? k\|sfzdf cfPsf 5g\\ .

kqmfp / lx/f;t

sfg\'gdf ;\'/Iffdf vnn k\'Ug\] tyf nfu\" kbfy{ b\'Jo{;g h:tf ljifo;Fu
;DalGwt afx\]s cGo 36gfdf s;}nfO{ klg kqmfp ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 kqmfp
k\'hL{ hf/L ul/Psf\] x\'g\'kg\]{, kqmfp ul/Psf\] @\$ 306f leq
bf\]ifLnfO{ of t cbfnt ;dIf k\|:t\'t ul/g\' kg\]{ of 5fl8g\' kg\]{ /
kqmfp u/\]sf\] & lbg leq cbfntdf d\'2f k\]; ug\'{kg\]{ k\|fjwfg /x\]tf
klg ;\'/Iff kmf}hx?n\] oL sfo{ k\|0ffnLnfO{ pNn+3g u/\]sf\] kfOof\] -v08
! Pkm x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ .

cbfntn\] lx/f;tdf lng\] sfo{nfO{ ;b/ u/\]df sfg\"gn\] z+sf:kb JolQmsf
af/\]df 5fgljg k\'/f ug{ Psk6sdf & lbgsf\] b/n\] Dofb yk u/L hDdf @% lbg
;Dd lx/f;tdf /fVg kfpg\] clwsf/ k\|x/LnfO{ 5 . t/ ;\'/Iff kmf}hx?n\]
of\]eGbf a9L ;do ;Dd dflg;nfO{ y\'gfdf /fVg\] u/\]sf lyP . s\]xL
d\'2fx?df ;af\]{Rr cbftnn\] cbfntdf pkl:yt gu/fO{ @\$ 306f eGbf a9L ;do
lx/f;tdf /fv\]sf\] JolQmx?nfO{ lx/f;t d\'Qm ug\]{ cfb\]z ;d\]t lbPsf\]
lyof\] . z/0ffyL{ nufot s\]xL ljb\]zLx?n\] hdfgtdf 5\'6\\g lgs} d\'l:sn
k/\]sf\] u\'gf;f\] u/\]sf\] lyP .

aGbLx?nfO{ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?;Fu e\]6\\g kfpg\] sfg\'gL clwsf/ 5 .
clwsf/Lx?n\] cleof\]u btf{ u/fpg\] ;dodf pgLx?n\] cfkm\\gf jlsn e\]6\\g
/ /fVg kfpg\] clwsf/ 5 . t/ Jojxf/df k\|x/Lx?n\] aGbLx?nfO{ e\]6\\g
lbg\] Joj:yf h\]n} lkR5\] km/s km/s u/\]sf\] kfOof\] . tfklg /fhfåf/f
;\~rflnt ;/sf/n\] dfcf\]jfbL ePsf\] cfz+sfdf lx/f;t lnOPsf JolQmx?nfO{
kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?;Fu / jlsnx?;Fu w\]/} k6s e\]6\\g lbOPsf\] lyPg . hdfgtdf
5\'6\\g kfpg\] sfg\"gL Joj:yf ePtf klg w\]/}h;f\] gful/sx?nfO{ w/f}6L
tLg{ w\]/} dxËf\] k5{ . cbfntdf d\'2fx? a9L ePsf sf/0f k\|s\[of l9nf\]
x\'g\', sfg\"gL k/fdz{ ;\'ljwf /fd\|f\] gx\'g\'n\] sltko d\'2f km};nfaf6
lgwf{l/t ;do eGbf klg a9L ;do km};nf k\"j{ y\'gfdf ljtfpg\' kg\]{ cj:yf
/x\]sf\] 5 . kqmfp cfb\]z aLgf g} kqmfp ug\]{, cbfntdf k\|:t\'t g} gu/L
nfdf\] ;do;Dd lx/f;tdf /fVg\] tyf k\|x/Ln\] oftgf lbg\] h:tf sfo{x? a9L
dfqfdf dfcf\]jfbL k\|efljt If\]qx?df x\'g\] u/\]sf\] kfOPsf\] cf/f\]k
dfjgclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx?n\] nufPsf 5g\\ -v08 ! ;L x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ .

;fj{hlgs ;\'/Iff P\]g cGtu{t cfGtl/s ;\'/Iff tyf cdgrogdf vnn k\'Ug\],
cGo b\]zx?;Fusf\] ;\'dw\'/ ;DaGw dfly vnn k\'Ug\] tyf ljleGg hfthflt jf
wdf{jnDaL aLrsf\] ;DaGwdf vnn k\'Ug\] h:tf sfo{ u/\]df ;fj{hlgs ;\'/Iff
P\]g cGtu{t To:tf JolQmx?nfO{ lx/f;tdf lng ;lsG5 . ;/sf/n\] To:tf
JolQmaf6 x\'g ;Sg\] ck/fwnfO{ /f\]Sg p;sf\] s\'g} ck/fw 3f\]lift gul/sg
\^ dlxgf;Dd y\'gfdf /fVg ;S5 . u\[x dGqfnodf lnlvt ?kdf hfgsf/L lbP/
;f\] ;do a9fpg ;Sg\] klg Joj:yf /x\]sf\] 5 . ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] o; lsl;dsf
y\'gfsf ljifodf lhNnf cbfntnfO{ @\$ 306f leq ;\"rgf k7fO;Sg\' kb{5 .
cbfntn\] yk \^ dlxgfsf\] y\'g\'jf cfb\]z lbg ;S5 / ;f\] cjlw cl3 g}
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?n\] cbfntdf d\'2f bfo/ u/L ;Sg\'k5{ .

hgcfGbf\]ng cufl8 ;/sf/n\] o:tf sfg\'gL k\|fjwfgsf\] k\|of\]u z+sf:kb
dfcf\]jfbL, /fhgLltsdL{, gful/s clwsf/jfbLx? dfly k6s k6s k\|of\]u
ul/Psf\] kfOof\] -v08 ! aL x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ . ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] sltko
JolQm jf ;d\'bfonfO{ dfcf\]jfbLk\|lt ;b\\efj b\]vfPsf\] cf/f\]k nufO{
u}x\| sfg\'gL ?kdf y\'Gg\] / lx/f;tdf /fVg\] u/\]sf\] cf/f\]k /fli6«o
dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?n\] nufPsf lyP .

hgj/L !\* tfl/vdf ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] ;fj{hlgs ;\'/Iff P\]g cGtu{t !\^ hgf
/fhg}lts bnsf ;s\[o sfo{stf{x?nfO{ / o\'jf /fhgLltsdL{x?nfO{ kqmfp
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . /fhfåf/f ;\~rflnt ;/sfn\] !% hgf aGbLx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs
;\'/Iff P\]g cGtu{t g} \# dlxgf;Dd lx/f;tdf /fVg\] 3f\]if0ff u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . clk\|n % df zfxL ;/sf/n\] !)) hgf /fhgLlts g\]tfx?nfO{ 3/df g}
gh/aGb /fv\]sf\] lyof\] . lsgsL ;/sf/ To; a\]nfdf ;ft /fhg}lts bnn\]
ul//x\]sf\] zfGtLk\"0f{ k\|bz{gsf sfo{qmdx?df dfcf\]jfbL 3\';k}7 x\'g\]
;Defjgfn\] ubf{ g} oL kqmfpx? ul/Psf\] k\'li6 u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

zfxL ;/sf/n\] ;of}+ /fhg}lts aGbLx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;\'/Iff P\]g cGtu{t
kqmfp u/\]sf\] lyof\] . d\] !% df gjul7t ;/sf/n\] e\"tk\"j{ zfxL ;/sf/sf
% hgf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;\'/Iff P\]g cGtu{t s\'g} cf/f\]k aLgf g}
kqmfp u/\]sf\] lyof\] . h\'g % df ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] ;a} y\'g\'jfx?nfO{
l/xf ug\]{ cfb\]z lbof\] .

d\] @% df zfGtL k\|s\[of ;/n / ;xh agfpgsf nflu ;/sf/n\] ;fj{hlgs
;\'/Iff P\]g cGtu{t y\'gfdf /x\]sf clwsf+z dfcf\]jfbLx?nfO{ y\'gfd\'Qm
ug\]{ cfb\]z lbPtf klg ck/flws cleof\]u nfu\]sf @)) dfcf\]jfbLx?nfO{
aGbL s} ?kdf /fVg\] cfb\]z lbof\] . o; jif{sf\] cGt;Dd oL aGbLx?sf\]
d\'2fsf af/\]df s\'g} km};nf aLgf sf/fuf/df g} /xL /x\]sf 5g\\ .

;fj{hlgs ck/fw P\]g nufot s\]xL sfg\"gn\] s\'g} cleof\]u aLgf klg
dflg;nfO{ y\'gfdf /fVg kfpg\] Joj:yf u/\]sf\] 5 . of\] P\]g / ljleGg
;dodf ePsf\] ;+zf\]wgn\] zfGtL ;\'/Iffdf vnn k\'¥ofpg\], tf\]8kmf\]8
ug\]{, x\'nbËf ug\]{, em}+emu8f ug\]{ h:tf ck/fwx?nfO{ ;d\]6\]sf\] 5 .
dfgj clwsf/ cg\'udgstf{x?n\] k\|d\'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ thaLhL clwsf/
lbPsf\] tkm{ rf;f\] b\]vfPsf 5g\\ . k\|x/Ln\] ;fj{hlgs lxtdf vnn kfg\]{,
x\'nbËf ug\]{ / tf\]8kmf\]8 ug\]{ h:tf sfo{df ;+nUg w\]/} JolQmx?nfO{
kqmfp u/L pgLx?nfO{ s\'g} cleof\]u aLgf g} s\]xL lbg;Dd y\'gfdf
/fv\]sf\] lyof\] . hg cfGbf\]ngsf\] eGbf cufl8 / k5fl8 ;/sf/n\] lg/Gt/
?kdf kqsf/x?, gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox? / /fhgLlt1x?nfO{ lgif\]lwt If\]qdf
lj/f\]w k\|bz{gsf nflu k\|j\]z ug{ vf\]Hbf kqmfp u/\]sf lyP . k\|x/Ln\]
kqmfp u/\]sf\] @\$ 306f leq ;a}nfO{ l/xf ug\]{ u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

cGt/f{li6«o cjnf\]sgstf{x?sf cg\';f/ clk\|ndf ePsf\] !( lbg\]
k\|bz{gsf\] qmddf k\|x/Ln\] !))) eGbf a9L JolQmx?nfO{ kqmfp u/\]/ k\|x/L
rf}sL tyf aGbL u\[xx?df /fv\]sf\] lyP / xhf/f}+ k\|bz{gsf/Lx?nfO{
;fj{hlgs ;\'/Iff P\]g cGtu{t hyfefjL kqmfp u/\]sf\] lyof\] . nf\]slk\|o
hgcfGbf\]ng cufl8 clwsf/Lx?n\] k\|foh;f\] dfcf\]jfbLx?;Fu ;DaGw
/fv\]sf\] cyjf pgLx?k\|lt ;xfg\'e\"lt b\]vfPsf\] cfz+sfdf ;do ;dodf
kqsf/x?nfO{ y\'gfdf /fVg\] uy\]{ -v08 @ P x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ . ;+;b
k\'g:yf{kgf kl5 s\'g} klg kqsf/x?nfO{ oL cleof\]ux? nufPsf\] of kqmfp
ul/Psf\] 5}g .

o; jif{e/L g} / ljz\]ift nf\]slk\|o hgcfGbf\]ng cl3 /fhg}lts JolQmx?nfO{
aGbL agfpg\] qmd rnL /Xof\] . ;f\] hgcfGbf\]ng cl3 /fhgLlt1x?nfO{ gh/aGb
of ;\]gf÷;z:q k\|x/Lsf\] Jof/\]sx?df aGbLsf ?kdf /flvGYof\] . ;+;b
k\'g:yf{kgf kZrft\\ ;a}nfO{ l/xf ul/of\] . gofF ;/sf/ u7g kl5 /fhg}lts
aGbLsf ?kdf sf\]xL klg y\'gfdf /x\]sf 5}gg\\ .

P8\\ef\]s\];L kmf\]/dsf cg\';f/ lagf cleof\]u lx/f;tdf lng\] / y\'gfdf
/fVg\] sfo{ cdm hf/L 5 oBlk clk\|n @& df ePsf\] o\'4 lj/fd ;DaGwL
;Ddmf}tf kZrft o:tf sfo{x?df s\]lx sdL cfPsf\] 5 .

Pdg\]li6

km\]a\|\'c/L !( df /fhfåf/f ljleGg sf/fuf/df /x\]sf !&\$ hgf aGbLx?nfO{
cfd dfkmL lbOPsf\] lyof\] . d\] dlxgfdf ;+;bn\] ca pk\|fGt ck/fwLx?nfO{
cfddfkmL lbg\] of s\'g} lsl;dsf\] ;hfo dfkm ug\]{ zlQm /fhfdf lglxt g/xL
u\[xdGqLsf\] ;\'emfj / l;kmfl/;df To; lsl;dsf\] cfddfkmLx? dGqLd08nn\]
lbg;Sg\] 3f\]if0ff u¥of\] . cS6f\]j/ dlxgfdf dGqL kl/ifb\\n\] s\]xL
JolQmx? -;+Vof yfxf x\'g g;s\]sf\]\_ nfO{ cfddfkmL lbOPsf\] lyof\] .

-ª\_ lg:kIf ;fj{hlgs ;\'g\'jfOdf cj/f\]w

sfg\'gdf :jtGq Gofofnosf\] Joj:yf 5, t/ cbfnt /fhgLlts bjfa, 3\';vf\]/L
/ ql;t jftfj/0fsf cufl8 sdh\]f/ b\]vf k¥of\] .

;jf\]{Rr cbfntnfO{ ;+;bn\] kfl/t u/\]sf P\]g sfg\'g ;+lawfg ;Ddt 5 of
5}g eg\] ;dLIff ug\]{ clwsf/ 5 . k\'g/fj\]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntx?
:jtGq ?kdf ;\~rflnt x\'G5g\\ tfklg ltgdf slxn\] sfxL /fhgLlts bjfa
lbPsf\] cfz+sf eO g} /Xof\] . gf\]e\]Dj/ @& df ;+;bn\] hgcfGbf\]ng kZrft
clwsf/ k\|fKt ;+;bsf s\'g} klg 3f\]if0ffx? ;+ljwfg ;Ddt 5 of 5}g eGg\]
s\'/fnfO{ ;jf\]{Rr cbfnn\] klg r\'gf}tL lbg ;Sb}g eGg\] 3f\]if0ff
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

Goflos k\|0ffnLdf tLgj6f txx? 5g\\ M lhNnf cbfnt, k\'g/fj\]bg cbfnt /
;jf\]{Rr cbfnt . hgcfGbf\]ng cl3 ;jf\]{Rr cbfntsf k\|wfg Gofolwzsf\]
cWoIftfdf ul7t ;+a}wflgs c+u Gofokl/ifbsf\] ;\'emfj / l;kmfl/;sf\]
cfwf/df /fhfn\] Gofolwzx? lgo\'Qm ub{y\] . gofF ;+ljwfgsf\] lgdf{0f
geP;Dd Gofo kl/ifb\\n\] Gofolwzx? dgf\]gog / lgo\'QmL ub{5 .
Gofoflwzx?nfO{ sfdsf\] lhDd\]jf/L tf\]Sg\], cg\'zf;gsf\] sfjf{xL / cGo
k\|zf;lgs sfo{x? lbg\] lhDd\]jf/L klg Gofo kl/ifb\\nfO{ 5 . nfu\" kbfy{
cf\];f/ k;f/, r\]nLa\]6L a\]rljvg, /fHo lj?4 ck/fw, e\|i6rf/ / ljb\]zL
d\'b\|f sf/f\]jf/ ;DalGwt d\'2fx? ljz\]if cbfntn\] ;\'g\'jfO ub{5 .
6f8f\] (TADO) cGtu{t ePsf ultljlw of pNn+3gdf ;+nUg cf/f\]lktx? lj?4sf\]
d\'2f h\'g !@ ;Dd k\'g/fj\]bg cbfntn\] x\]g\]{ u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

Gofo ;Dkfbgdf x\'g\] l9nfO Pp6f uDeL/ ;d:ofsf\] ?kdf /x\]sf\] lyof\] .
h\'nfO{ !%, @))% ;Dd ;jf\]{Rr cbfntdf !\^,@(# d\'2fx?, k\'g/fj\]bg
cbfntdf !),!%& / lhNnf cbfntx?df @%,\^(( d\'2fx? y\'lk\|Psf lyP . o;
jif{ klg oL ljifox?df s\'g} k\|ult ePsf\] kfOb}g .

;\'g\'jfO k\|s\[of

k\|rlnt sfg\'gn\] zfGtL ;\'/Iff / /Lltl/jfh;Fu ;DalGwt d\'2fdf afx\]s
sfg\'gL k/fdz{ lng kfpg\], sfg\'gL ?kdf ;dfg ;+/If0f lbg\], Pp6} ck/fwdf
b\'O{ k6s ;hfoF x\'g af6 ;+/If0f lbg\], e\"tk\|efjL sf/jfxLaf6 arfpg\]
tyf ;fj{hlgs ;\'g\'jfO h:tf clwsf/ pknAw u/fpF5 . t/ oL clwsf/x?
;dfg?kdf nfu\" x\'Fb}gg\\ . Goflos d08n ...h\'/LÚ sf\] cefj ePsf\]n\]
;a} d\'2fsf\] lg0f{o Gofoflwzn\] g} ug\]{ u5{g . y\'g\'jfd\'QmLb\]lv cGo
;a} tNnf cbfntx?åf/f ul/Psf lg0f{ox? dfly ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] k\'glj{rf/
ug{ ;S5 . ;jf\]{Rr cbfnt g} clGtd lg0f{o ug\]{ lgsfo xf\] .

sfg\'gn\] aGbLx?nfO{ sfg\'gL Joj;foL /fVg tyf cbfntåf/f lgo\'Qm sfg\'gL
Joj;foL, ;/sf/L jsLn cyjf lghL jlsnx? /fVg kfpg\] clwsf/ pknAw u/fpF5
tfklg ;/sf/L jlsn ;\]jf eg\] dfu u/\]df dfq k\|fKt x\'G5 . kmn:j?k To:tf
;/sf/L ;\]jf jf clwsf/ af/\] hfgsf/L gx\'g\] JolQmx? ;\]jfaf6 al\~rt
x\'g k\'U5g\\ . cftÍsf/L tyf ljWj+;fTds ultljlw lgoGq0f cWofb\]z
-6f8f\]\_ vf/\]h x\'g cl3 k\|x/Ln\] k\|foM 6f8f\] cGtu{t y\'lgPsfx?nfO{
jlsn tyf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?;Fu e\]6 ug{ lbPsf\] lyPg .

;}lgs cbfntx?n\] ;\]gfx?;Fu ;DalGwt d\'2fx? ;}lgs P\]g cGtu{t k\'k{If
ub{5 / o;}n\] ;}lgsx?nfO{ gful/sx? ;dfg cfwf/e\"t clwsf/x? pknAw
u/fPsf\] x\'G5 . anfTsf/;Fu ;DalGwt of Hofgdf/fafx\]s cGo d\'2fdf
;}lgsx?nfO{ gful/s cbfntdf d\'2f rnfOb}g . ;}lgs cbfntn\] s\'g} klg
gful/s;Fu ;DalGwt ;}lgs ;\]jf ;DaGwL d\'2fx?nfO{ ;}lgs cbfntdf
;\'g\'jfO{ ub}{g To;}n\] o:tf d\'2fx? gful/s cbfnt dfkm{t x\]g\]{ ul/G5
.

clwsf/Lx?n\] cftÍafb cyjf /fhb\|f\]x ;DaGwL d\'2fx? /fhb\|f\]x P\]g
cGtu{t bfo/ ug{ ;S5g\\ . ljz\]iftM cf/f\]lktx?n\] lrQ ga\'em\]df
;af\]{Rr cbfntdf k\'g/fj\]bg lbg ;S5g t/ ;g\\ !((! kZrft\\ o; lsl;dsf\]
;\'gfjfO ePsf\] 5}g .

k\|foMh;f\] lhNnfx?df dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] æhgcbfntÆ v8f u/\]sf lyP . h\'nfO
dlxgfdf dfcf\]jfbLsf ;jf\]{Rr g\]tf k\|r08n\] zx/L If\]qdf hg cbftnsf\]
sfd sf/jfxL /f\]Sgsf\] nflu cfb\]z lbO{ ;lsPsf\] bfjL u/\]tf klg b\]ze/
o:tf hg cbfntx? sfo{/t /x\]sf 5g\\ . oL hgcbfntx?sf\] s\'g} 7f\];
k\|s\[of 5}g To;}n\] b\'j} ck/flws / gful/s d\'2fx? x\]g\]{ ub{5 .
cGt/f{li6«o cjnf\]sgstf{sf cg\';f/ k\|r08sf\] h\'nfO{ 3f\]if0ff kl5
dfcf\]jfbLn\] hg cbfnt / To;sf sfo{x? To:tf ufpFx?df lj:tf/ u/\]sf 5g\\
hxfF o;cl3 pgLx?sf\] pkl:ytL lyPg . pbfx/0fsf\] nflu ;\]K6\]Dj/ @\$ df
dfcf\]jfbLn\] rGb\| lgufxk\'/sf\] Pp6f dlGb/df hgcbfnt v8f u/\] h;n\]
ToxfFsf jfl;Gbfx?nfO{ dlGb/ cfpg / k\"hf ug{ /f\]s nufPsf\] lyof\] .
dfgjclwsf/ pRr cfof\]usf cg\';f/ hgcbfntn\] Go\"gtd k\|s\[ofx?sf\] /
lgZkIf ;\'g\'jfOsf\] af/\]df s\'g} k\|Tofe\"lt lbFb}g . gf\]e\]Dj/ @!
sf\] zfGtL ;Demf}tfn\] b\]z e/sf hg--cbfntx? vf/\]h / aGb ug\'{kg\]{
k\|:tfj kfl/t u/\]tfklg dfcf\]jfbLn\] /fhwfgL nufot k\|foh;f\] lhNnfx?df
hg cbftnsf\] sfdx? lg/Gt/ /fv\]sf\] 5 .

/fhg}lts aGbLx?

o; jif{sf\] ;\'?jftdf w\]/} /fhg}lts aGbLx? ePtf klg ;zQm hgcfGbf\]ng /
;+;b k\'g:yf{kgf kl5 ;a} /fhg}lts aGbLx?nfO{ l/xf ul/of\] . aif{sf\]
cGt;Dd s\'g} klg /fhg}lts aGbLx? /x\]sf lyPgg\\ .

gful/s Goflos k\|s\[of / ;dfwfgx?

o; jif{ ;/sf/åf/f ePsf gful/s k\|s\[ofsf\] b\'Jo{jxf/sf af/\]df s\'g}
klg ph\'/Lx? cfPsf 5}gg\\ .

;DkQL sAhf

o; jif{sf\] cGt;Dddf klg dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] k\|foh;f\] ljutdf sAhf ul/Psf
;DklQx? lkmtf{ u/\]sf lyPgg\\ . oBkL gf\]e\]Dj/ !% df dfcf\]jfbLn\]
x\]6f}8fl:yt Ps 3/sf\] tfNrf vf\]nL 3/ dflnsnfO{ 3/ kms{g lbPsf lyP h\'g
3/ ;g\\ @))@ df sAhf ul/Psf\] lyof\] . clk\|nsf\] o\'4 lj/fd 3f\]if0ff
kZrft klg dfcf\]jfbLn\] ;DkQL sAhf ug\]{ sfd hf/L /fv\] .

r\_ uf\]kgLotf, 3/ kl/jf/, tyf kqfrf/ cflbdf u}x\|sfg\'gL x:tIf\]k

hgcfGbf\]ng cl3 / hgcfGbf\]ngsf\] cjlwe/ /fhfn\] uf\]klgotf ;DaGwL
clwsf/nfO{ lgnDag u/\]sf lyP . ;\'/Iffsf\] sf/0f b\]vfO ;/sf/n\] ;a}
;fwf/0f tyf df\]afOn kmf\]gx? / OG6/g\]6 ;Dks{ klg sf6L lbPsf\] lyof\] .
dfjg clwsf/sdL{ / /fhgLlt1x?sf cg\';f/ ha 6\]lnkmf\]g / OG6/g\]6 ;\]jf
pknAw u/fOof\] ta klg ;a} ;\]jfx?sf\] cg\'udg ug\]{ sfd u/\]sf\] lyof\]
. hgcfGbf\]ng kl5 eg\] ;/sf/n\] df\]jfOn tyf OG6/g\]6 ;\]jf aGb ug\]{
sfd u/\]sf\] 5}g -v08 @ P x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ . hgcfGbf\]ng cl3 / hg
cfGbf\]ngsf\] bf}/fgdf ;\'/Iff kmf}hx?n\] kqmfp k\"hL{ ljgf g} 3/ 3/df
k\|j\]z ug\]{ / vfgtnf;L ug\]{ sfo{ uy\]{ . o; lsl;dsf\] ultljlw
hgcfGbf\]ng kZrft qmlds ?kdf 36\\of\] .

;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] b\]zsf w\]/} If\]qx?df k\|foM ;8sdf oftfoftsf ;fwgx?
;fy} hLpsf\] hfFr k8\\tfn sfo{nfO{ hf/L /fv\]sf lyP .

;/sf/n\] gful/sx?nfO{ ank\"j{s 3/ 5f\]8\\g afWo kf/\]sf\] hfgsf/Lx?
cfPgg t/ dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] eg\] ckx/0f ug\]{, etL{sf nflu hj/h:tL n}hfg\],
k\|ltzf\]w lngsf nflu dflg;x?nfO{ 3/ 5f\]8\]/ hfg afWo u/fpg\] sfo{x?
oyfjt /fv\] .

**5\_ cfGtl/s åGbdf cTolws ansf\] k\|of\]u / cGo b\'Jo{jxf/**

hgj/Lb\]lv clk\|n;Dd ;/sf/ / dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLx? aLr cfGtl/s åGb
rsL{ g} /Xof\] . b\'j} kIfx?af6 c;+Vo gful/sx? 3fOt\] x\'g\'sf\] ;fy}
dfl/P .

hgj/Lb\]lv clk\|n;Dddf g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] dfcf\]jfbL dfly cfqmd0f ug\]{
p2\]Zon\] a9L dfqfdf x\]lnsK6/sf\] k\|of\]u u/L adaf/L u/\]sf lyP h;df
slxn\]sfxL cgfjZos ?kdf ;j{;fwf/0fx?sf\] lhpHofgsf\] Iflt x\'g\]
ub{Yof\] . km\]a\|\'c/L @\* df ;\]gfsf ljleGg x\]lnsK6/x?af6
dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ nlIft u/L df\]6f{/ ;\]n v;flnof\] hxfF ;j{;fwf/0fsf\]
7\"nf\] ;d\"x e\]nf ePsf\] lyof\] . s}of}+ dflg;x? 3fOt\] x\'g\'sf ;fy}
! hgf !\$ aflif{o s\]6fsf\] d\[To\' ePsf\] lyof\] .

dfr{ !# df dfcf\]jfbLn\] k\|x/Lsf\] Ps ;d\'x dfly uf\]nL k\|xf/ ubf{ Ps
;j{;fwf/0fsf\] d\[To\' ePsf\] lyof\] .

cGt/f{li6«o cjnf\]sgstf{x?sf cg\';f/ clk\|nsf\] hgcfGbf\]ngsf\] klxnf\]
@ xKtfdf c:ktfnx?n\] s\]6fs\]6L nufot !,#%) 3fOt\] k\|bz{gsf/Lx?sf\]
pkrf/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] . Ps c:ktfnsf\] lrlsT;sx?sf cg\';f/ ;f\] c:ktfndf
pkrf/ ul/Psf @%) k\|bz{gsf/Lx? dWo\] Ps ltxfO k\|bz{gsf/Lx?nfO{ /j/
uf\]nL of Hofg dfg\]{ uf\]nL nfu\]sf\] lyof\] . k\|foh;f\]sf\] z/L/df
c;+Vo 3fpx? lyP .

clk\|n !! sf lbg u+uj\'df !% b\]lv @) sf\] ;+Vofdf /x\]sf k\|x/Lx?n\]
sf7df0f8f}+sf\] Pp6f c:ktfnsf lrlsT;sx?nfO{ xftkft u/\]sf\] lyP . tL
lrlsT;sx? 3fOt\] k\|bz{gsf/Lx?nfO{ ;xof\]u u/L /x\]sf lyP . pQm 36gfdf
;\'/Iff kmf}håf/f cTolws an k\|of\]u ul/Psf\] ;Gbe{df /fli6«o dfgj
clwsf/ cfof\]u ;dIf jofg lbgsf nflu af\]nfOPsf ;z:q jl/i7 k\|x/L pk/LIfs
dfwj yfkf jofg nflu cfof\]u ;dIf pkl:yt ePgg\\ .

cui6 @\^ sf lbg wg\'iffsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn\] \$ hgf JolQmnfO{ dfcf\]jfbL
ePsf\] cfz+sf ub}{ k\|x/L ;dIf a\'emfPsf lyP t/ o; jif{sf\] cGt;Dd
pgLx?sf\] cj:yf yfxf x\'g ;s\]g .

;g @))% df s+rgk\'/df dfl/Psf ljBfyL{nfO{ Ifltk\"lt{ k\|bfg ug\]{
af/\]df ;/sf/n\] s\'g} sfo{ cufl8 a9fPsf\] lyPg .

dfcf\]jfbLx? klg jif{el/ g} c;+Vo ckx/0f h:tf sfo{sf nflu lhDd\]jf/
b\]lvP . pbfx/0fsf\] nflu km\]a\|\'c/L !@ df dfcf\]jfbLn\] !! hgf
o\'jfx? nufot !& hgf ;j{;fwf/0fsf\] ckx/0f u/\]sf lyP . To:t} OG;\]ssf
cg\';f/ dfcf\]jfbLn\] l;Gw\'kfNrf\]sdf Pshgf :s\'n\] s\]6fsf\] ckx/0f
kZrft xTof u/\]sf lyP / h\'g !% df sfe\|\] lhNnfdf Ps hgf JolQm ckx/0f
u/L s\'6lk6 u/\]sf lyP .

clk\|n cl3 dfcf\]jfbLn\] ;j{;fwf/0f ljz\]if u/L ljBfyL{ / lzIfsx?nfO{
ckx/0f u/L hj/h:tL cw{;}lgs tflnd lbg\] / sDo\'lgi6 l;4fGtsf sfo{qmdx?df
;xefuL u/fpg\] cleofgx? lj:tf/ ul//x\] . clk\|n kl5 o; lsl;dsf ckx/0fx?
s\]xL dfqfdf 36\]sf\] b\]lvPtf klg o:tf sfo{x? hf/L eg\] lyP .
pbfx/0fsf\] nflu h\'nfO{ ! df slkna:t\'df dfcf\]jfbLn\] Pp6f ufpFaf6
slkn z\'Snf gfd u/\]sf ;j{ ;fwf/0fnfO{ dfcf\]jfbL lj?4sf\] lelhnfGt\]
;d\'x;Fu ldn\]/ @ hgf dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ h\'g #) df xTof u/\]sf\] cf/f\]kdf
k\|lt;f\]wsf\] efjgfn\] ckx/0f u/\]sf lyP -v08 ! P x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ .

dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] ;8ssf\] aLrdf tyf 5\]p5fpdf k\|x/L, ;}lgs / ;/sf/L ;jf/L
;fwfgx?nfO{ Iflt k\'¥ofpg w/} af?bL ;\'?Ëx?sf\] k\|of\]u u/\]sf lyP .
h;af6 clk\|n cl3 w\]/} ;j{;fwf/0fsf\] d\[To ePsf\] lyof\] . gf\]e\]Dj/
@! df ePsf\] zflGt ;Demf}tfsf\] ;xdlt cg\';f/ #) lbg leq ;a} af?bL
;\'?Ësf\] klxrfg ug\]{ / \^) lbg leq x6fpg\] sfo{ ug\]{ eGg\] ePsf\]
lyof\] tfklg o; jif{sf\] cGt;Dd klg s\'g} klxrfg ug\]{ k\|s\[of z\'?
x\'g ;s\]sf\] 5}g -v08 ! P x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ .

o\'4 lj/fd eGbf cufl8 dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] ;}lgssf\] dhj\'t :yfgx?dfly xdnf
ug{sf\] nflu gful/sx? h;df afnaflnsfx? ;d\]t nfO{ dfgj9fnsf ?kdf
k\|of\]u ug\]{ u/\]sf lyP . b\'a}\] - dfcf\]jfbL / g\]kfnL ;\]gf \_
kIfn\] s\]6fs\]6Lx?nfO{ ;\'/fsLsf ?kdf k\|of\]u ug\]{ uy\]{ -v08 %
x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ . gfe\]Dj/ @! sf\] zfGtL ;Demf}tfn\] b\'a} kIfsf
;\]gfdf !\* jif{ eGbf sd pd\]/sf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ l;kfxLsf ?kdf k\|of\]u
ug{ dgfxL u/\]tfklg dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] zfGtL ;Demf}tfsf\] pNn+3g ub}{ c;+Vo
afn ;\]gf egf{ ug\]{ qmd hf/L /fVof\] .

dfr{ #! df dfcf\]jfbLn\] b}n\]vdf Ps k/LIff s\]Gb\|df ad k8\\sfPsf lyP
hxfF P;=Pn=;L=sf\] k/LIff rln/x\]sf\] lyof\] . o; 36gfdf hfFr lbO/x\]sf
!! hgf ljBfyL{x? 3fOt\] ePsf lyP . dfcf\]jfbL g\]tfx?n\] pQm 36gfnfO{
kf6L{ gLlt ljkl/t ePsf\] k\|i6 kf/\]sf lyP .

h\'nfO{ @ df b\]zsf\] blIf0fL efudf dfcf\]jfbL lj/f\]wL lelhnfGt\]
;d\'xnfO{ nlIft u/L k\|xf/ ul/Psf\] ad k8\\lsFbf \$ hgf dflg;x? 3fOt\]
ePsf lyP .

clvn g\]kfn /fli6«o :jtGq ljBfyL{ o\'lgog qmflGtsf/L -dfcf\]jfbL
eft\[;+:yf\_ n\] k6s k6s lx+;fTds ?kdf z\'Ns 36fpg, kf7\\oqmd kl/jt{g
ug{ / /fli6«oufg ufpg\] sfo{df k\|ltaGw nufpg bjfj lbg\] uy\]{ .
/fHosf\] s\'g} s\'g} efudf dfcf\]jfbLn\] wfld{s kj{x?df lbOg\] labfnfO{
gdfGg ljBfnox?nfO{ bjfj lbPsf lyP -v08 @ ;L x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ . st}st}
dfcf\]jfbLsf\] hjh{:tL /sd c;\'nL / bjfasf sf/0f lghL ljBfnox? aGb ug{
afWo ePsf lyP . ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] klg dfcf\]jfbLnfO ljBfnosf
k\|wfgfWofksx?nfO{ hj/h:tL k};f lbg\'kg\]{ sfuhkq x:tfIf/ ug{ nufPsf\]
cf/f\]k nufPsf lyP .

dfcf\]jfbLn\] p4f/÷;xfotf ;+:yfx?nfO{ klg ;j{;fwf/0f;Dd k\'Ugaf6 al\~rt
u/fPsf lyP . dfcf\]jfbLn\] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf / dfcf\]jfbL :yfgLo ;ldlt
aLr ;Demf}tfx? x:tfIf/ ug{ bafa lbPsf\] lyof\] . dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] Jofkf/L
tyf hflu/bf/x?sf ;fy} u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;Fu lgodlt ?kdf hj/h:tL rGbf
p7fpg\] sfd hf/L /fv\] . olb s\'g} sDkgLn\] of JolStn\] ...rGbfÚ -- k};f
lbg OGsf/ u¥of\] of ;s\]g eg\] dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] af/Daf/ lx+;fTds z}nLdf
abnf lng\] uy\]{ . clwsf+z lhNnfsf u}x\| ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n\] sfd ug{sf
nflu dfcf\]jfbLsf\] cg\'dlt lng} kb{Yof\] . dfcf\]jfbLsf\] of\] gLltdf
gf\]e\]Dj/ @! sf\] zfGtL ;Demf}tf kZrft kl5 klg s\'g} kl/jt{g cfPsf\]
lyPg .

dfcf\]jfbLn\] k6s k6s oftfoft nufotsf cfly{s If\]qdf 8/ qf; b\]vfP/
ank\"j{s sfd aGb ug\]{ h:tf 3f\]if0ff u/\]sfn\] To;af6 ljz\]if u/L
sfdbf/nfO{ lgs} dsf{ k/\]sf\] lyof\] . hgcfGbf\]ngsf\] bf}/fg
dfcf\]jfbLn\] b\]zJofkL oftfoft x8tfn / /fhwfgLdf gfsfaGbL ug\]{ cfXjfg
u/\]sf lyP .

dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] k\|x/L tyf ;}lgs ;\]jfdf nfu\]sf JolQmx?sf kl/jf/ /
/fhgLlts kf6L{sf sfo{stf{nufot xhf/f}+ ;j{;fwf/0fx?nfO{ pgLx?sf\] 3/
5f\]8\\g afWo kf/\]sf lyP -v08x? ! P, ! Pkm / @ l8 x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ .

v08 @ gful/s :jtGqtfsf\] ;Ddfg, To; cGtu{t

-s\_ cleJolQm tyf k\|\]; :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] k\|\]; tyf cleJolQmsf\] :jtGqtfsf\] Joj:yf u/\] klg ;/sf/n\]
To:tf clwsf/x? dfly hgcfGbf\]ngsf\] bf}/fg / cl3 k\|ltaGw nufPsf\]
lyof\] . cS6f\]j/ @))% df ;lqmo agfOPsf\] k\|foh;f\] k\|ltaGwx? ;+;b
k\'g:yf{kgf kl5 x6fOPsf\] lyof\] . nf\]slk\|o hg cfGbf\]ng cl3 sfg\'gn\]
/fHo ;fj{ef}ldstf tyf Pstfdf cf3ft kfg\]{, ljleGg hfthfltsf\] dflg;x?
aLrsf\] ;DaGwdf vnn kfg\]{, 3\[0ff / å\]if km}nfpg\], cbfntsf\] dfg xfgL
ug\]{ tyf ck/fw jf ;fj{hlgs hLjg jf g}ltstfdf gsf/fTds c;/ kfg\]{ Jojxf/
h:tf s\'/fdf cleJolQm lbg jf n\]Vg k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] lyof\] t/
hgcfGbf\]ng kZrft ;/sf/n\] cleJolQm / k\|\]; :jtGqtf cg\'dlt k\|bfg
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

hgj/L dlxgfdf ;/sf/n\] /\]l8of\] k\|;f/0f s\]Gb\| :yfkgf ug{ rflxg\]
cg\'dlt kqsf\] z\'Ns ;fljssf\] z\'Nsdf \$) u\'0ff a\[l4 u/\]sf\] lyof\]
/ :jtGq /\]l8of\] k\|;f/0f s\]Gb\| dfly k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] lyof\] .
hgcfGbf\]ng kl5 ;f\] z\'Ns a\[l4 /2 ul/of\] .

lgjf{rg cfrf/ ;+lxtfn\] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ;dfrf/ ;+sng sfo{df ;\~rf/
:jtGqtfnfO{ s\'l07t u/\]s\]f lyof\] . pbfx/0fsf\] nflu cfrf/ ;+lxtfdf
s\'g} klg pDd\]bjf/n\] ljkIfLdfly cfqmd0f u/\]sf\] of ufnL u/\]sf\]
s\'/fx? k\|;f/0f gug{ / s\'g}klg kf6L{ tyf pDd\]bjf/n\] af\]n\]sf
s\'/fx? cIf/zM 5fKg\'kg\]{ h:tf k\|fjwfgx? lyP ;f\] lgjf{rg cfrf/ ;+lxtf
hgcfGbf\]ng kl5 vf/\]h ul/of\] . dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] klg kqsf/x?nfO{ 8/ qf;
b\]vfpg\], wDsfpg\] tyf dfg\]{ / /\]l8of\] tyf 6\]lnlehg 6fj/ Wj:t
kfg\]{ h:tf sfd u/\]/ :jtGq k\|\];dfly k\|ltaGw yf\]k/\]sf lyP .
gf\]e\]Dj/ @\^ df dfcf\]jfbLn\] lrtjg / tfKn\]h\'ªdf pgLx?sf lj?4
;fdfrf/ k\|sfzg u/\] jfkt kqsf/x?dfly cfqmd0f u/\]sf lyP .

d\] ( df ;+;bn\] 5fkfvfgf tyf k\|sfzg P\]g vf/\]h ug\'{ cl3 ;f\] P\]gn\]
/fhf cyjf /fhkl/jf/sf ;b:ox? k\|lt cgfb/ ug\]{, ljleGg hfthflt tyf wd{ /
;d\'bfo aLr ;befj e8\\sfpg\], zfGtL ;\'/Iff e+u ug\]{, /fhf cyjf
b\]zsf\] /fli6«o Pstf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf k\|lt cgfb/ ug\]{ cyjf ;fj{hlgs
;bfrf/ / g}ltstfdf c;/ kfg\]{ vfnsf ;dfrf/x? ;Dk\|\]if0f ug{ aGb\]h
nufPsf\] lyof\] . ljb\]zdf k\|sfzg ul/Psf s\'g} klg kqklqsfx? dfly
;\]G;/ -lg/LIf0f\_ ug\]{ tyf aGb\]h nufpg\] sfo{ aif{e/L ePsf\] lyPg
To;}n\] a}b\]lzs k\|sfzgx? k\|;:t ?kdf pknAw lyof\] . a}b\]lzs 5fkf /
cGo ;\~rf/ dfWodx?nfO{ :jtGq ?kdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ lbOPsf\] lyof\] .

:jtGq ;\~rf/ dfWodx? lgs} ;zQm /x\] / logn\] ljleGg vfn\] ljrf/x?nfO{
;d\]6\]sf lyP . g\]kfnL tyf c+u\|\]hL efiffsf xhf/f}+ :jtGq kqklqsfx?
pknAw lyP h;n\] ljleGg lsl;dsf /fhgLlts ljrf/x? k\|sfzdf Nofpg\] sfo{
u/\]sf lyP . sflGtk\'/ / b sf7df08\' kf\]i6 -Pp6} klqsfsf\] g\]kfn /
c+u\|\]hL :j?k\_ n\] :jtGq ?kdf ;dfrf/ k\|sfzg ug\]{ uYof\]{ . ;/sf/åf/f
;\~rflnt g\]kfnL efiffsf\] uf\]/vfkq b}lgs tyf t\]\>f\] 7\"nf\]
c+u\|\]hL b}lgs b /fOlhª g\]kfnn\] ;/sf/sf gLltx?sf af/\]df hfgsf/L
k\|sfzgdf Nofpg\] ub{Yof\] . dfcf\]jfbLåf/f k\|sflzt klqsf hgfb\]z --
dfcf\]jfbLsf\] k\|f\]kf\]uf08fsf\] k\|d\'v ;\|f\]tsf ?kdf /Xof\] .

k\|\]; :jtGqtfsf\] kIfdf cfGbf\]ng ub}{ lgif\]lwt If\]qdf k\|j\]z u/\]
jfkt hgcfGbf\]ng cl3 / hgcfGbf\]ngsf\] bf}/fgdf k\|x/Ln\] c;+Vo
kqsf/x?nfO{ kqmfp u/\]sf\] lyof\] . k\|x/Ln\] kqmfp u/\]sf\] kqsf/x?nfO{
k\|fo @\$ 306f leq 5f\]8\]sf\] lyof\] .

hgj/L @! df ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] cGgk\"0f{ kf\]i6sf ;Djfbbftf dx\]Gb\|
yfkfnfO{ a\'6jndf e}/x\]sf\] ljBfyL{x? cfGbf\]ngsf\] ;dfrf/ ;+sngsf\]
qmdd} lg3f{t s\'6\]/ 3fOt\] agfPsf lyP . ;fy} hgj/L @@ df cleofg b}lgs
sf ;+kfbs v\]d e08f/LnfO{ k\|x/L dfly cfqmd0f u/\]sf\] cf/f\]kdf kqmfp
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

cGt/f{li6«o cjnf\]sgstf{x?sf\] cg\';f/ dfr{ dlxgfdf s}of}+ ;\~rf/sdL{x?
dfly qf; b\]vfpg\], wDsL lbg\], b\'/frf/ ug\]{, cfqmd0f ug\]{ / kqmfp
ug\]{ h:tf sfo{x? clwstd dfqfdf k\|of\]u ePsf lyP . "One door
advertisement policy" h:tf qf;sf hl6n tl/sfx? ckgfOGYof\] h;n\]
lj1fkgsf\] ;fj{hlgs nufgL of vr{nfO{ ;xsf/L ;+rf/ dfWodtkm{ ws\]NYof\] .
dfr{ ;Dddf xHhf/f}+ kqsf/x?n\] cfˆgf\] hflu/ u\'dfPsf lyP .

clk\|n k\|bz{gsf\] qmddf bh{gf}+ kqsf/x? s\'l6Psf, kqmfp u/L lx/f;tdf
lnOPsf lyP . pbfx/0fsf\] nflu clk\|n !@ df k\|x/Lsf\] cTofrf/ lj?4
k\|bz{g u/\] jfkt / k\"0f{ k\|\]; :jtGqtfsf\] dfu u/\] jfkt k\|x/Ln\]
sf7df08f}+sf\] e\[s\'6L d08kaf6 @ bh{g eGbf a9L kqsf/x?nfO{ kqmfp
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

k\|;f/0f P\]gn\] lghL 6\]lnlehg tyf /\]l8of\] k\|;f/0f ug{ kfpg\] Joj:yf
u/\]sf\] 5 . ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf @ j6f 6\]lnlehg :6\]zgx? 5g\\ . tL x\'g
g\]kfn l6=le= tyf g\]kfn l6=le= d\]6«f\] . ;/sf/ lgolGqt Pp6f /\]l8of\]
:6\]zg 5 h;n\] b\'j} ;6{ j\]e, P Pd tyf Pkm Pd k\|zf/0f u5{ . \$& j6f
:jtGq /\]l8of\] :6\]zgx? ;\~rflnt lyP h;n\] () k\|ltzt hgtf;Dd k\'Ug
;Sg\] Ifdtf /fVYof\] . g\]kfnsf\] clwsf+z hg;+Vofsf\] ;\"rgf tyf
;dfrf/sf\] k\|d\'v ;\|f\]t /\]l8of\] g} lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] /\]l8of\] tyf
6\]lnlehg k\|;f/0fx? clk\|nsf\] hgcfGbf\]ngsf\] bf}/fgdf lgif\]lwt
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . oBkL ;/sf/n\] ljb\]zL /\]l8of\] k\|;f/0f ug{, lghL
s\]jn g\]6js{ ;\~rfng ug{ cyjf 6\]lnlehg :of6nfO6 l8:s lsGg s\'g} aGb\]h
nufPsf\] lyPg . hgcfGbf\]ng cl3 ;/sf/n\] ljlj;L c+u\|\]hL /\]l8of\]
;\]jf k\|;f/0fsf\] nflu /f\]s nufO{ o;sf\] !% ldg\]6sf\] ;dfrf/
k\|;f/0fsf\] ;dodf dgf\]/\~hgfTds sfo{s\|dsf ?kdf ;+uLt ahfOPsf\] lyof\]
t/ ljlj;L g\]kfnLsf\] ;6{ j\]e k\|;f/0f eg\] lg/Gt/ ?kdf pknAw lyof\] .
;+;b k\'g:yfkgf kl5 /\]l8of\] / 6\]lnlehg k\|;f/0fdf nufOPsf\] aGb\]hx?
x6fOPsf\] lyof\] .

dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] cleJolQm :jtGqtfnfO{ cg\'dlt glbg\'sf ;fy} 5fk tyf
k\|zf/0fsf dfWodx? dfly s8f ?kdf /f\]s nufPsf lyP . dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] lghL
PkmPd :6\]zgx?nfO{ dfcf\]jfbLsf ljrf/x? k\|rf/ k\|;f/ ug{ bjfj lbg\]
;fy} s\'g} s\'g} cj:yfdf wDsL lbP/ klg k\|rf/ k\|;f/ ug{ nufpFy\] .
dfcf\]jfbLx? cfkm}n\] klg ;--;fgf df\]jfOn PkmPd /\]l8of\] :6\]zg
vf\]n\]sf lyP h;sf\] dfWodaf6 pgLx?n\] cfkm\\gf ljrf/x? k\|rf/ k\|;f/
ug\]{ u/\]sf lyP . d\] df ePsf\] ;+;b k\'g:yf{kgf kl5 dfcf\]jfbLsf
/\]l8of\] :6z\]gx?n\] /fhwfgL nufot b\]zJofkL ?kdf k\|;f/0fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbof\] .

;+jfbbftfx?sf cg\';f/ dfcf\]jfbLn\] sDtLdf \* hgf kqsfx?nfO{ cfqmd0f
ug\]{, lx/f;tdf lng\], unt 9+un\] ;\]G;/ ug\]{ h:tf sfo{x? clk\|nb\]lv
gf\]e\]Da/sf aLrdf u/\]sf lyP .

hgj/L !\* df dfcf\]jfbLn\] ;/sf/åf/f ;+rflnt x\]6f}8fsf\] 6\]lnlehg
6fj/df ad k8\\sfO Wj:t kf/\]sf lyP .

OG6/g\]6 :jtGqtf

dfgj clwsf/jfbL tyf /fhgLlt1x?sf k\|ltj\]bg cg\';f/ hgcfGbf\]ng cl3 /
hgcfGbf\]ng kZrft\\ b\]zdf ;\~rflnt OG6/g\]6 ;\]jfx? /f\]Sg\] tyf
cg\'udg ug\]{ sfo{ ul/Psf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] @) j6f eGbf a9L j\]e
;fO6\\; nufot dfcf\]jfbL j\]e ;fO6 ;fy} cGo b\]zaf6 ;\~rflnt t/ /fhfnfO{
;dy{g gug\]{ j\]e ;fO6\\; nfO{ aGb u¥of\] . nf\]slk\|o hgcfGbf\]ng
kZrft\\ j\]e ;fO6\\; dfly s\'g} aGb\]h tyf cg\'udg ug\]{ sfo{ ePsf
5}gg\\ .

z}lIfs :jtGqtf tyf ;f":s\[lts ;df/f\]x?

of\] jif{el/ z}lIfs :jtGqtf tyf ;fF:s\[lts ;df/f\]xx?dfly aGb\]h nufpg\]
sfo{ ePsf\] lyPg .

dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] z}lIfs :jtGqtfdf /f\]s nufP, lg/Gt/ ?kdf lghL ljBfnox?
tyf lzIfsx?af6 k};f cz\'Ng\] tyf ljBfnosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ hj/h:tL b08
lbg\] uy\]{ . OG;\]ssf cg\';f/ ;g\\ @))@ b\]lv @))% ;Dd dfcf\]jfbLx?n\]
!\*,\*%@ ljBfyL{x? tyf (,@\^! lzIfsx?nfO{ k\|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf ;xefuL
u/fpg ckx/0f u/\]sf lyP ;fy} b\]zsf ljleGg efudf /x\]sf bh{gf}
ljBfnox?df ad k8\\sfPsf lyP -v08 ! hL x\]g\'xf\];\\\_ .

o\'4 lj/fdsf\] cjlwdf klg b\]zsf ;\~rf/ dfWodx?n\] dfcf\]jfbLåf/f
sf7df08f}+ pkTosfeGbf aflx/ ckx/0f ug\]{, ha/h:tL rGbf c;\'Ng\] tyf wDsL
lbg\] h:tf sfdx?nfO lg/Gt/tf lbPsf\] ;dfrf/x? ;fj{hlgs u/\]sf lyP .

**;ef;Dd\]ngsf\] :jtGqtf**

sfg\'gn\] ;ef ;Dd\]ngsf\] :jtGqtf k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5 . oBlk b\]zsf ljleGg
efudf a\[xt\\ hgk\|bz{gx¿ ;fdfGo lyP, ;/sf/n\] dxfg cfGbf\]ngsf\] ;dodf
/ To;cl3 k\|foM k\|bz{gdfly k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] lyof\] .

/fli6«o sfg\'gcGtu{t k\|d\'v lhNnf clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ olb k\|bz{g tyf
b+ufsf\] kl/0ffd:j¿k zflGt vnalng\] ;Defjgf /x\] sˆo\'{ cfb\]z hf/L
ug\]{ clwsf/ 5 . ;ef ;Dd\]ngsf\] clwsf/nfO{ ;+/If0f ug\]{ gful/s /
/fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cle;lGwsf\] kIf /fi6« g\]kfn klg xf\]
.

pQm lgodn\] ;ef ;Dd\]ngdf k\|ltaGw nufpgsf nflu lgDg ;t{nfO{ clgjfo{
u/\]sf\] 5 M s\_ sfg\'gcg\';f/, v\_ gful/ssf\] /Iff jf /fli6«o
;\'/Iffsf\] p2\]Zo /fv\]/ / u\_ Pp6f k\|hftflGqs ;dfhdf cfjZos 7fg\]/ .

dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo\'Qmsf\] sfof{nosf cg\';f/, clk\|n dlxgfsf\]
hgcfGbf\]ngsf\] cjlwdf % / ( tfl/v - @)\^@ r}t @# / @\* ut\]\_
sf7df8f}Fdf hf/L ul/Psf\] sˆo\'{ cfb\]zn\] pQm lgodsf\] t\];\|f\]
;t{nfO{ kfngf u/\]sf\] lyPg .

cgf}krfl/s If\]q ;\]jf s\]Gb\| -OG;\]s_n\] ;/sf/L ;\'/Iffkmf}håf/f
clk\|n dlxgfsf\] dxfg cfGbf\]ngsf cjlwdf @! hgfsf\] xTof ul/Psf\]
hgfPsf\] lyof\] . k\|x/Ln\] k\|bz{gx¿ /f\]Sg nf7L, kfgLsf kmf\]x/f,
/a/sf uf\]nL / uf\]nL k\|xf/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

OG;\]sn\] clk\|n dlxgfsf\] dxfg cfGbf\]ngsf\] cjlwdf k\|hftGqsf nflu
b\]zJofkL ePsf k\|bz{gdf ;\'/Iffkmf}haf6 tLg xhf/ ;ft ;o @# hgf 3fOt\]
ePsf\] hgfPsf\] lyof\] .

jif{el/ g} :yfgLo k\|zf;g -lgsfo\_ n\] bnfO{ nfdfnfO{ k\"hf ug\]{;lxtsf
ltAatL ;d\'bfonfO{ ;fj{hlgs pT;j tyf ;df/f\]x ug{ k\|ltaGw nufof\], oBlk
ljBfno tyf u\'Dafx¿df eg\] lghL ;df/f\]xx¿ ;\~rfng ug{ lbOPsf\] lyof\] .
*-v08 @ u x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_*

Tof\] jif{ dfcf\]jfbLn\] gful/sx?nfO{ ;ef;Dd\]ng ug{ kfpg\] clwsf/af6
al\~rt u/fPsf\] lyof\] . *-v08 ! s x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_*

;+u7gsf\] :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] ;+u7gsf\] :jtGqtf k\|bfg u/\] klg ;/sf/n\] dxfg cfGbf\]ngsf\]
cjlw / To;eGbf cl3 tL clwsf/x¿df k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\]
b\]zsf\] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf\] ;\'/Iffsf nflu ;+u7g ug\]{ :jtGqtfdfly k\|ltaGw
nufPsf\] bfaL u/\]sf\] lyof\] . clk\|n dlxgfsf\] cfGbf\]ngkl5 eg\]
;fdfGotof ;/sf/n\] ;+u7gsf\] :jtGqtfdf k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] lyPg .

;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n\] ...lh;;, afOan, lqml:rog jf rr{Ú zAbx¿ /flvPsf
gfdsf\] ;+u7g btf{ ug{ c:jLsf/ u/\]sf lyP . -v08 @ u df x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_
. btf{ geP klg tL ;d\"xx¿n\] To:tf ;+u7gn\] hUufdf :jfldTj k\|fKt ug{
g;s\]sf\] hgfPsf lyP . ha ls ;b:ox¿sf\] bfx;+:sf/ ug{ jf rr{ agfpg
hUufsf\] cfjZostf k5{ . tL ;d\"xx¿n\] pgLx¿sf ;+u7gx¿ btf{ ug{ /
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿s} h:tf\] ljZjf; lnP/ lqmofsnfk ug{ ;S5g\\ .

gf\]e\]Da/ dlxgfdf ;/sf/n\] g\]kfndf al;/x\]sf ltAatL z/0ffyL{nfO{
dfgjLo ;xfotf k\|bfg ug{ Pp6f sfg\'g;Ddt vf\]lnPsf\] ef\]6f j\]n\]k\]mo/
;f\];fO6L -ef\]6f sNof0f ;dfh\_ gfds u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf\] btf{ vf/\]h
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . pQm u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf\] ;\~rfns ;ldltdf ;a} g\]kfnL
gful/s lyP / u};; btf{sf nflu cfjZos kg\]{ ;a} sfg\'gL k\|lqmof k\"/f
u/\]kl5 ;/sf/n\] pQm u};;nfO{ btf{ k\|df0fkq / btf{ gDa/ k\|bfg u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . t/ klg ;/sf/n\] To;kl5 sf/0f g} gv\'nfO{ u};;sf\] btf{ vf/\]h
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

u\_ wd{sf\] :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] wd{sf\] :jtGqtf k\|bfg u5{ / ;a} wd{sf\] cEof;sf nflu cg\'dlt
lbG5, t/ cNkdtdf k/\]sf wd{sf cg\'ofoLx¿n\] slxn\]sfxL cfkm\"x¿nfO{
k\|x/Ln\] b\'Mv lbPsf\] u\'gf;f\] u/\]sf lyP . s\]xL lqml:rog ;d\"xn\]
u}/lxGb\" wd{k\|ltsf\] cf:yfnfO{ ;Lldt ug{ g} wd{ Tofu ug{dfly k\|ltaGw
nufOPsf\] eGg\] a\'em\]sf lyP . k\'g:yf{lkt ;+;b\\n\] d\] dlxgfdf
b\]znfO{ wd{ lg/k\]If /fHo 3f\]if0ff u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

k\|sfzg tyf 5fkfvfgf P\]gn\] km/s km/s wd{ jf hftsf JolQmx¿aLr zq\'tf
k}bf ug\]{ vfnsf ;fdu\|L k\|sfzgdf k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] lyof\] . wd{
kl/jt{g jf wd{ Tofu u/fPsf\] bf\]ifsf\] kl/0ffd hl/afgf jf s}b x\'g ;S5
cyjf ljb\]zL gful/ssf\] xsdf eg\] b\]zlgsfnf . h\] eP klg jif{el/df wd{
kl/jt{g jf wd{ Tofu u/\]afkt kqmfp k/\]sf 36gfx¿ eg\] ePgg\\ .

;/sf/n\] lghL :ynx¿ -ljBfno k\|f+u0f jf u\'Dafleq\_ df :yfgLo ltAatLx¿sf
;a} pT;jx¿ -ltAatL gofF jif{, bnfO{ nfdfsf\] hGdf\]T;j, k\|hftGq lbj; /
cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ lbj; tyf gf\]a\]n zflGt k\'/:sf/ k\|fKt ug\]{
bnfO{ nfdfsf\] pT;j\_ ug{ lgif\]w u¥of\] .

;fdflhs b\'Jo{jxf/ / lje\]b

oBlk sfg\'gn\] lgif\]w u/\] klg gful/sx¿n\] u\|fdL0f e\]usf lxGb\"
dlGb/x¿df hftLo lje\]bsf\] cEof; ul//x\]sf lyP / To:tf\] lje\]bn\]
;dfhdf alnof\] k\|efj kf/\]sf\] lyof\] .

dfr{ @! -@)\^@ r}t \* ut\]\_ df lbkfondf pRr hftsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn\]
blnt -tNnf\] hft\_ o\'jfx¿nfO{ z}n\]Zj/L dlGb/sf\] 9f\]sf nufP/ ToxfFleq
k\|j\]z ug{af6 /f\]s\]sf lyP .

cu:6 #) - @)\^# ebf} !\$ ut\]\_ df pRr hftsf dflg;nfO{ dfq dlGb/leq
k\|j\]z ug{ lbg\] sf/0f b\]vfO{ k\'hf/Ln\] Ps wfld{s pT;jsf a\]nf
cfkm\"nfO{ dlGb/ k\|j\]z ug{ glbPsf\] eGb} Ps blnt dlxnfn\] k\'hf/Llj?4
d\'2f bfo/ u/\]sL lyOg\\ .

;\]K6\]Da/ & -@)\^# ebf} @@ ut\]\_ df blntx¿sf\] dlGb/k\|j\]zsf\]\]
k\|bz{gsf/Ln\] l;nu9Ldf lj/f\]w u/\] . :yfgLo afl;Gbfn\] blntx¿n\]
dlGb/df k\|j\]z ug\]{ k\|of; u/\]kl5 lj/f\]w u/\]sf lyP .

ToxfF lgoldt ¿kdf dfcf\]jfbLn\] wfld{s labfx¿nfO{ k\|ltaGw nufOPsf
...hgkfqf\]x¿Ú hah{:tL nfu\" u/\]sf\] ljj/0fx¿ lgoldt ?kdf k\|fKt ePsf
lyP . dfcf\]jfbLn\] cfˆgf dfux¿ c:jLsf/ u/\]kl5 rr{x¿ hah{:tL aGb u/fPsf
lyP .

ljb\]zL s\"6gLlt1 / b\]z 5f8\]sfx¿sf nflu afx\]s ToxfF b\]zdf sf\]xL klg
kl/lrt ox\'bL wd{sf cg\'ofoLx¿ 5}gg\\ / ToxfF+ ox\'bL wd{lj/f\]wL
lqmofsnfksf ;dfrf/x¿ klg lyPgg\\ . lj:t\[t 5nkmnsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o
wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|ltj\]bg @))\^ x\]g\'{xf\];\\ .

3\_ b\]zleq lxF88\'nsf\] :jtGqtf, ljb\]z e\|d0f, k\|jf; / :jb\]z lkmtL{

sfg\'gn\] pQm clwsf/x¿ k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5, t/ klg ;/sf/n\] dxfg
cfGbf\]ngsf\] cjlw / To;cl3 b\]zleq lxF88\'n ug\]{ :jtGqtfnfO{ lgnDag
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] dxfg cfGbf\]ngsf\] cjlw / To;cl3 b\]zleq}
e\|d0f ug{ -jf s\]xL b\]z 5f\]8\\g\] 36gf\_ af6 k\|Voft dfgjclwsf/jfbL
sfo{stf{x¿ tyf /fhgLlt1x¿nfO{ /f\]s\]sf\] lyof\] . ;+;b\\sf\]
k\'g:yf{kgfkl5 ;/sf/n\] lxF88\'nsf\] :jtGqtfnfO{ aGb\]h u/\]sf\] lyPg .

clk\|n dlxgfsf\] dxfg cfGbf\]ngsf\] ;dfKtdf u\[x dGqfnon\] clu\|d jQmJo
k\|sflzt u/L hgtfnfO{ cTofjZos sfddf afx\]s /fhwfgLdf lxF88\'n gug{
cfu\|x u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;f\] ;dodf ;/sf/n\] ;\'/Iffsfsf/0f pNn\]v ub}
hg;d\"xnfO{ lnP/ cfPsf oftfoftsf ;fwgnfO{ /fhwfgLdf k\|j\]z ug{af6
/f\]s\]sf\] lyof\] . k\'g:yf{lkt ;+;b\\n\] tL ;a} aGb\]hx¿nfO{ x6fPsf\]
5 .

;/sf/n\] z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ b\]zleq / aflx/ :jtGqk\"j{s e\|d0f ug{ lgoldt
aGb\]h nufPsf\] lyof\] .

dfcf\]jfbLn\] ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwgnfO{ nlIft ub}{ ljB\'tLo w/fk
laR5\\ofP/ / oftfoft x8\\tfnsf\] cfXjfg ug\]{nufotsf sfo{ u/\]/ b\]zleq
lxF88\'n ug\]{ :jtGqtfdfly aGb\]h nufPsf\] lyof\] . -v08 ! sf\] s / u
x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ dxfg cfGbf\]ngsf\] cjlwdf dfcf\]jfbLn\] b\]zJofkL
oftfoft x8\\tfnsf\] cfXjfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;\]K6\]Da/ !# -@)\^# ebf}
@\* ut\]\_ df ;/sf/n\] xltof/sf\] slyt cfoft u/\]sf\] eGb} dfcf\]jfbLn\]
To;sf\] lj/f\]wdf b\]zJofkL oftfoft x8\\tfnsf\] cfXjfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] .
To:t}, l8;\]Da/ !( -@)\^# k\'; \$ ut\]\_ df ;/sf/n\] /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/
cfof\]udf cfo\'Qmx¿ lgo\'Qm u/\]sf\] lj/f\]wdf b\]zJofkL ¿kdf csf\]{
oftfoft x8\\tfnsf\] cfXjfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

sfg\'gn\] hah{:tL b\]z lgsfnf -lgjf{;g\_ df k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] 5 /
jif{el/ g} hah{:tL b\]zlgsfnfsf\] k\|of\]u ul/Psf\] lyPg . ;/sf/n\]
gful/sx¿nfO{ k\|jf;df hfg / ljb\]zaf6 kms{g k\|ltaGw nufPg tyf /fhgLlts
sf/0f b\]vfpFb} s;}sf\] gful/stf vf/\]h ul/Psf\] klg yfxf kfOPg .

cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt JolQmx¿

oBlk ;/sf/ / dfcf\]jfbL cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflktx¿nfO{ ;\'/lIft / ;Ddflgt
tj/n\] 3/ kms{gsf nflu ;xof\]u ug{ ;xdt eP klg ;xdlt eg\] kfngf ul/Psf\]
lyPg . ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd, dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo\'Qmsf\]
sfof{no, z/0ffyL{;DaGwL pRr cfof\]unufotsf w\]/} /fi6«;+3Lo lgof\]ux¿n\]
cGt/f{li6«o l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt JolQmx¿;DaGwL gLlt
lgdf{0fsf nflu ;/sf/;Fu ldn\]/ sfd ;\'? u/\]sf lyP . tL lgof\]ux¿n\]
g\]kfndf tTsfnLg Ps nfvb\]lv b\'O{ nfv hg;+Vof cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflkt
/x\]sf\] cg\'dfg u/\]sf lyP .

;/sf/n\] /\]8qm;sf\] cGt/f{li6«o ;ldlt, sfl/tf;, PS;g P8 g\]kfnnufotsf
w\]/} cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfnfO{ cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflktx¿nfO{ ;xfotf k\|bfg
ug{ cg\'dlt k\|bfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] bft\[ /fi6«x¿;Fu !\$) nfv
cd\]l/sL 8n/ cfGtl/s lj:yflktsf nflu ;xfotf /sdsf\] dfu u/\]sf\] lyof\]
. /fi6«;+3Lo lgof\]ux¿sf cg\';f/, cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflktx¿nfO{ 3/ kms{gsf
nflu d\'Vo cj/f\]wdf--dfcf\]jfbLn\] abnf lnG5g\\ eGg\] 8/ / :yfgLo
dfcf\]jfbL sdfG8/x¿n\] pgLx¿nfO{ 3/ kms{g cg\'dlt glbg\'--/x\]sf lyP .

z/0ffyL{x¿sf\] ;+/If0f

z/0ffyL{x¿sf\] bhf{;Fu ;DalGwt ;g\\ !(%! sf\] ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3sf\]
dxf;lGw / o;sf\] ;g\\ !(\^! sf\] k\|f\]6f\]snsf cg\';f/, sfg\'gn\]
/fhgLlts tyf wfld{s sf/0fn\] b\]z 5f\]8\]sfnfO{ z/0f k\|bfg ug{sf nflu
cg\'dlt lbg ;Sb}g . t/ ;/sf/n\] z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ ;+/If0f k\|bfg ug{sf nflu
Pp6f k4ltsf\] Joj:yf u/\]sf\] 5 . Jojxf/df ;/sf/n\] To:tf JolQmx¿ h;nfO{
/fhgLlts jf wfld{s cj:yfsf sf/0f s\'g} b\]zdf kms{+bf r/d oftgf lbOG5,
To;sf lj?4df tL JolQmx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f k\|bfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] / ;/sf/n\]
z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ ;xof\]u ug{ ;fdfGotof ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL
pRrfof\]u tyf cGo dfgjtfjfbL ;+3;+:yfx¿;Fu ;dGjo u/\]sf\] lyof\] .
;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL pRrfof\]un\] sf7df8f}Fdf d\'Vo / bdsdf
zfvf sfof{no v8f u/\]sf\] 5 .

;g\\ !(%( / !(\*( sf\] cjlwdf ;/sf/n\] sl/a @) xhf/ ltAatL
z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ a;f\]af; ug{sf nflu :jLsf/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] . h;dWo\]
clwsf+z cem} klg b\]zleq} 5g\\ . ;/sf/n\] ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ b\]z kf/
ug{ klg cg\'dlt lbPsf\] lyof\] . jif{el/df ef/t hfgsf nflu b\'O{ xhf/
rf/ ;o kfFrhgf ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿ ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL
pRrfof\]udf btf{ ug{ cfPsf / b\'O{ xhf/ gf} ;o \$\^ hgf uO;s\]sf eGg\]
tYof+s lyof\] . cfpg\] / hfg\]x¿ aLrdf km/s b\]lvgsf sf/0f ;g\\ @))%
sf\] cGTolt/ emG8} Ps xhf/ z/0ffyL{ cfPsf lyP .

;g\\ !((! b\]lv ;/sf/n\] e\'6fgL gful/stfsf\] bfaL ug\]{ sl/a Ps nfv ;ft
xhf/hgfnfO{ z/0f lbO/x\]sf\] 5 . ax\';+Vos tL z/0ffyL{x¿ b\]zsf\]
blIf0fk\"jL{ efudf ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL pRrfof\]un\] k\|aGw
ul/lbPsf ljleGg lzlj/x¿df a;\]sf lyP . ;/sf/n\] pRrfof\]unfO{ z/0ffyL{
u0fgfsf nflu gf\]\]e\]Da/ !% -@)\^# sflt{s @( ut\]\_ df cg\'dlt lbPsf\]
lyof\] . sl/a !% xhf/ z/0ffyL{ SofDkaflx/ -b\]zleq} / ef/tdf\_ al;/x\]sf
lyP . ;/sf/n\] ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL pRrfof\]unfO{ cGo z/0f
vf\]Hg\]x¿, h:t} gfOh\]l/of / kfls:tfgsf gful/snfO{ klg ;\]jf k\|bfg ug{
cg\'dlt lbPsf\] lyof\] .

;/sf/n\] jif{el/ g} ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL pRrfof\]unfO{
;LdfIf\]qdf :jtGq kx\'Fr /fVg cg\'dlt lbPsf\] lyof\] . pRrfof\]un\]
jif{el/df ;LdfIf\]qsf rf/j6f lhNnfx¿sf\] e\|d0f u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

hgu0ftGq rLg / ;/sf/n\] ;g\\ !(\*\^ df ;Ldf jf/kf/ ug{ s8fO u/\]sf lyP,
t/ s\'g} kIfn\] klg l;4fGttM tL k\|ltaGwx¿ nfu\" u/\]gg\\ . k\|x/L /
eG;f/gfsfdf clwsf/Lx¿n\] rLgaf6 efu\]/ z/0f vf\]Hb} cfpg\] ltAatLx¿nfO{
k\|foM b\'Mv lbg\] sfo{ u/\]sf lyP . ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL
pRrfof\]usf cg\';f/, ;g\\ !((( b\]lv k\|x/Lsf\] Jojxf/df ;\'wf/ cfof\] .
oBlk ;Ldf k\|x/Ln\] slxn\]sfxLF ;Ldfkf/ u/fPafkt ltAatLx¿;Fu /sd c;\'n
u/\]sf lyP . ;Ldf kf/ u/\]kl5 klg slxn\]sfxLF z/0f vf\]Hg cfPsf
ltAatLx¿nfO{ k\'gM lrlgofF lgsfo;dIf a\'emfOPsf\] lyof\] eGg\] ck\'i6
ljj/0fx¿ klg lyP . dfcf\]jfbLn\] ;LdfIf\]qaf6 sf7df8f}F sf nflu ofqf
ug\]{ ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ lgoldt ¿kdf n\'6\\g\] ub{y\] .

;+o\'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL pRrfof\]un\] e\'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿sf\]
cj:yfsf\] cg\'udg / pgLx¿sf cfwf/e\"t cfjZostfsf nflu sfo{ ub{Yof\] /
;/sf/ pRrfof\]unfO{ z/0ffyL{ lzlj/x¿df Pp6f hgu0fgf ug\]{ cg\'dlt lbg
;xdt eof\] . ;/sf/n\] dfgljotfsf cfwf/df z/0ffyL{sf\] c:yfoL pkl:yltnfO{
:jLsf/ u¥of\] . ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL pRrfof\]un\]
lzlj/x¿sf\] k\|aGw u/\]sf\] lyof\], ljZj vfB sfo{qmdn\] k\"/s vfB ;xfotf
pknAw u/fPsf\] lyof\] / ;/sf/n\] ljZj vfB sfo{qmdsf\] lrgf\] z/0ffyL{sf
nflu 5f\]8\\g\] sfo{df of\]ubfg lbPsf\] lyof\] .

;/sf/n\] e\'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf\] sfd ug\]{ / lxF88\'n ug{ kfpg\]
:jtGqtfdfly cflwsfl/s ¿kdf k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] lyof\], t/ tL gLltx¿nfO{
s8f ¿kdf nfu\" eg\] ul/Psf\] lyPg . e\'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿n\] cg\'dltlagf
lzlj/x¿ 5f\]8\\g kfpFb}g lyP t/ cg\'dlt eg\] lgjf{w lbOGYof\] .
s\]Gb\|Lo ;/sf/n\] cg\'dlt lbPsf lzlj/leq ug{ ;lsg\] lglZrt bfo/fsf
s\]xL cfly{s lqmofsnfkdfly klg :yfgLo lgsfox¿n\] k\|ltaGw nufpg
vf\]h\]sf lyP . :yfgLo hg;d\'bfo / lzlj/sf afl;GbfaLr slxn\]sfxLF lx+;f
klg e8\\lsPsf\] lyof\] .

;\]K6\]Da/ !) -@)\^# efb\| @% ut\]\_ df ;/sf/ cToGt gfh\'s cj:yfsf !\^
hgf e\'6fgL z/0ffyL{nfO{ cGo b\]zdf k\'gjf{;sf nflu b\]z 5f\]8\\g\]
cg\'dlt lbg ;xdt eof\] . jif{sf\] cGTodf eg\] ;/sf/n\] tL z/0ffyL{dWo\]
tLghgfnfO{ dfq b\]z 5f\]8\\g\] cg\'dlt lbof\] .

d\] dlxgfdf ;/sf/n\] cS6f\]a/ @))% df sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf\] gLltnfO{
pN6\\ofP/ ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ ef/ttkm{ hfg lbg\] cg\'dlt x6fof\] .
;/sf/n\] ltAatL z/0ffyL{nfO{ b\]zdf k\|j\]z ug{ / ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo
z/0ffyL{;DaGwL pRrfof\]udf lgj\]bg lbg tyf ;+/If0f k\|fKt ug{ lbPsf\]
cg\'dltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof\] .

v08 \# M /fhgLlts clwsf/sf\] ;Ddfg M gful/sx¿sf\] ;/sf/ kl/jt{g ug\]{
clwsf/

sfg\'gn\] gful/sx¿nfO{ zflGtk\"0f{ tl/sfaf6 pgLx¿sf\] ;/sf/ kl/jt{g
ug{;Sg\] clwsf/ k\|bfg u/\] klg gful/sx¿nfO{ Tof\] clwsf/sf\] cEof; ug{
lbOPsf\] lyPg . /fhfn\] clk\|n dlxgfdf !((( sf\] ;+;b\\ k\'g:yf{kgf
u/\]sf lyP, gf\]e\]Da/ @! -@)\^# d+l;/ % ut\]\_ sf\] zflGt
;Demf}tfcg\';f/ lgjf{rg eg\] kl5 ul/g\] 5 pNn\]v lyof\] . d\] dlxgfdf
ul7t ;ft /fhgLlts bnsf\] u7aGwgn\] g\]kfnL sf+u\|\];sf ;efklt
lul/hfk\|;fb sf\]O/fnfnfO{ k\|wfgdGqL r\'g\]sf\] lyof\] .

lgjf{rg / /fhgLlts ;xeflutf

ljutdf tflnsfcg\';f/ g} b\]ze/ lgjf{rgx¿ ePsf lyP / ;+;bLo lgjf{rg
k\|To\]s kfFr jif{df ul/GYof\] . cGt/f{li6«o ko{j\]Ifsx¿n\] kl5Nnf\] k6s
;g\\ !((( -lj;+ @)%\^\_ df ePsf\] lgjf{rgnfO{ ;fdfGotof :jtGq /
wfFwnL/lxt ePsf\] dfg\]sf lyP . /fhfn\] km\]a\|\'c/L dlxgfdf u/fPsf\]
:yfgLo lgsfosf\] lgjf{rg, h;nfO{ clwsf+z /fhgLlts bnn\] alxisf/ u/\]sf
lyP / To;sf\] cGt/f{li6«o ;d\'bfon\] klg cfnf\]rgf u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

sfg\'gn\] s\'g} klg To:tf\] /fhgLlts bnnfO{ btf{ ug{ / lgjf{rgdf efu
lngaf6 /f\]s\]sf\] 5, h\'g bn wd{, ;d\'bfo, y/, hfthflt, If\]qLotfdf
cfwfl/t 5 jf v\'nf / k\|hftflGqs 9+uaf6 rn\]sf\] 5}g . sfg\'gcGtu{t
JolQmx¿ lgjf{rg gfdfjnL ePs} lhNnfdf :jtGq jf s\'g} /fhgLlts bnaf6
lgjf{rgdf k\|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;S5g\\ .

clwsf+z 7\"nf /fhgLlts bnsf pgLx¿;Fu cfa4 o\'jf ;d\"xx¿, dhb\'/ ;+3x¿ /
;fdflhs ;+u7gx¿ lyP . gf\]e\]Da/df gofF k\|d\'v lgjf{rg cfo\'Qmsf\]
lgo\'lQm eof\] . jif{sf\] cGTolt/ tLghgf lgjf{rg cfo\'Qmsf\] lgo\'lQm
ul/Psf\] lyof\] eg\] cGo b\'O{hgfnfO{ klg kbk\"lt{sf nflu dgf\]gog
ul/Psf\] lyof\] . ;+;b\\n\] u\[xlhNnfaflx/ a;\]sf hgtfnfO{ klg dt
v;fNg\] cg\'dlt lbPsf\] Pp6f dfq} lgjf{rg sfg\'gsf\] 3f\]if0ff u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . -ljz\]ifu/L g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] Aof/\]sdf / dfcf\]jfbLn\]
lzlj/df\_ jif{sf\] cGTo;Dd g} c¿ s\'g} lgjf{rg;DaGwL sfg\'gx? 3f\]if0ff
ul/Psf lyPgg\\ .

dlxnf, cflbjf;L jf lk5l8Psf ju{nfO{ ;/sf/df jf /fhgLlts bndf ;xefuL
x\'gaf6 /f\]Sg\] s\'g} klg sfg\'g 5}gg\\ t/ k/Dk/fn\] dlxnf / s\]xL
hfthfltsf\] e\"ldsfnfO{ /fhgLlts k\|lqmofdf ;+s\'lrt u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

sfg\'gn\] k\|ltlglw;efsf nflu k\|To\]s bnsf\] pDd\]bjf/df sDtLdf kfFr
k\|ltzt dlxnf x\'g\'kg\]{ clgjfo{ Joj:yf u/\]sf\] 5 . sfg\'gdf ufpF /
gu/ txsf l;6x¿df @) k\|ltzt l;6 dlxnfnfO{ ;+/lIft ug\'{kg\]{ klg pNn\]v
5 . k\|wfgdGqL sf\]O/fnfn\] d\] dlxgfdf cfˆgf\] dlGqkl/ifb\\df Ps dlxnf
;b:osf\] lgo\'Qm ug\'{ePsf\] lyof\] .

s\'g} ljz\]if sfg\'gx¿n\] lk5l8Psf\] ju{nfO{ cGo gful/s;/x /fhgLlts bn
jf ;/sf/df ;xeflu x\'g k\|ltaGw nufpg\] jf ef\]6 xfNgaf6 /f\]s\]sf
lyPgg\\ . lk5l8Psf\] ;d\"xsf nflu ;+;bLo l;6x¿ jf /fhgLlts kf6L{sf
:yfgx¿df lglZrt ;+Vof jf k\|ltzt 5\'§ØfOPsf s\'g} k\|fjwfgx¿ lyPgg\\ .
lglZrt hftsf ;b:ox¿n\] k/Dk/fut ¿kdf cGosf\] eGbf a9L zlQm lnPsf lyP .
clxn\]sf\] aL; ;b:oLo dlGqd08ndf kfFr ;b:ox¿ cNk;+Vos cflbjf;L hghfltaf6
/ Ps ;b:o blnt ;d\'bfoaf6 k\|ltlglwTj u/\]sf 5g\\ .

;/sf/L e\|i6frf/ / kf/blz{tf

sfg\'gn\] Pp6f e\|i6frf/lj/f\]wL lgsfo, clVtof/ b\'?kof\]u cg\';Gwfg
cfof\]u h;nfO{ e\|i6frf/df ;+nUg clwsf/Lx¿sf\] cg\';Gwfg ug\]{ clwsf/
k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5 .

;g\\ @))% df /fhfn\] csf\]{ e\|i6frf/ 5fglag ug\]{ lgsfo-- e\|i6frf/
lgoGq0f zfxL cfof\]u u7g u/\], h;n\] 5fglagstf{, cleof\]Qmf / GofofwLzs}
?kdf sfd u/\]sf\] lyof\] . km\]a\|\'c/L !# -@)\^# kmfu\'g ! ut\]\_ df
;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] zfxL cfof\]u c;+j}wflgs ePsf\] 3f\]if0ff ub}{ To;nfO{
lj36g u/L cfof\]un\] u/\]sf ;a} lg0f{o vf/\]hLsf\] cfb\]z lbof\] .

sfg\'gn\] uf\]Ko /fVg\' eg\]sf s\'g} s\'/fafx\]s ;a} ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf
ljifodf gful/snfO{ ;\"rgfsf\] xs k\|bfg u/\]sf\] eP klg gful/sx¿nfO{
;/sf/L ;\"rgf;Dd kx\'Fr k\'¥ofpg\] s\'g} cf}krfl/s ljwfog 5}g . To;
k\|sf/sf\] sfg\'gsf\] efunfO{ k/LIf0f ul/Psf;DaGwL s\'g} :ki6 pbfx/0fx¿
lyPgg\\ .

v08 \$ M dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf\] cf/f\]k;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o tyf u}/;/sf/L
cg\';Gwfgk\|lt ;/sf/L cfr/0f

w\]/} /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ ;d\"xx¿ ;/sf/L /f\]stf\]slagf g}
;\~rfngdf lyP / dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL 36gfx¿sf\] cg\';Gwfg ug{ tyf To;af6
k\|fKt ePsf lgisif{x¿ ;fj{hlgs ug{ ;Sby\] . slxn\]sfxLF+ ;/sf/L
clwsf/Lx¿n\] pgLx¿sf wf/0ffk\|lt k\|ltlqmof lbg\] / ;xof\]u ug\]{ ub{y\]
.

dxfg\\ cfGbf\]ngsf\] ;dodf / To;cl3 ;/sf/n\] gful/s ;dfhsf w\]/}
;b:onfO{ lx/f;tdf lnof\] / cGonfO{ b\]z 5f\]8\\g jf /fhwfgLaflx/
lxF+88\'n ug{af6 k\|ltaGw nufof\] . -v08 @ 3 x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ o;sf ;fy}
;/sf/ / dfcf\]jfbL b\'j} kIfaf6 dfgjclwsf/jfbL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / To;sf
sd{rf/LnfO{ b\'Mv lbOPsf u\'gf;fx¿ klg k\|fKt ePsf lyP . cfGbf\]ngkl5
;/sf/n\] dfgjclwsf/jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ kqmfp u/\]sf s\'g} ;\"rgf lyPg oBlk
dfcf\]jfbLn\] pgLx¿nfO{ b\'Mv lbg\] sfo{df eg\] lg/Gt/tf lbPsf\] lyof\]
.

ToxfF+ cgf}krfl/s If\]q ;\]jf s\]Gb\| -OG;\]s\_, dfgjclwsf/, jftfj/0f /
ljsf;sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o cWoog ;+:yfg / dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhnufotsf
sl/a b;j6f :jtGq dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL sfo{ ug\]{ /fli6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿
lyP . g\]kfn sfg\'g ;dfhn\] klg dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf\] cg\'udg uYof\]{ /
c¿ w\]/} u};;n\] cNk;+Vos hfthflt, dlxnf clwsf/, afn\>d jf oftgfh:tf
ljlzi6 If\]qnfO{ k\|fyldstf lbPsf lyP .

;+s6sfnsf sf/0f w\]/} u};;n\] ltgLx¿sf lqmofsnfknfO{ pNn\]Vo ¿kdf 36fPsf
lyP . dfcf\]jfbLn\] klZrdsf lglZrt lhNnfx¿df dfgjclwsf/jfbL u};; /
kqsf/x¿sf\] k\|j\]zdf /f\]s nufPsf ljZj;gLo bfaLx¿ af/Daf/ cfPsf lyP .
o;sf ;fy} dfcf\]jfbLn\] s\]xL u};;sf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ ckx/0f / xTof u/\]sf
lyP . o\'4lj/fd tyf zflGt;Demf}tfkl5 klg dfcf\]jfbLn\] w\]/} lhNnfdf
pgLx¿sf\] cg\'dltlagf u};;x¿nfO{ :jtGqk\"j{s sfo{;\~rfng ug{ lbPsf
lyPgg\\ .

;/sf/n\] Xo\'dg /fO6\\; jfr / PDg\]:6L OG6/g\];gnsf ;b:ox¿nufotsf
cGt/f{li6«o u};;x¿sf dfgjclwsf/ cg\'udgstf{nfO{ :jfut ub}{ lgoldt ¿kdf
le;f k\|bfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

lgsfox¿n\] ;fdfGotof cGt/f{li6«o cg\'udgstf{x¿nfO{ aGbL /fv\]sf :yfgx¿ /
;\]gfsf Aof/\]sx¿ e\|d0f ug{ lbPsf lyP . cGt/f{li6«o cg\'udgstf{x¿n\]
cfkm\"x¿nfO{ sf\]6{ df;{n / ;}Go cg\';Gwfgx¿;Dd k\'Ug\] kx\'F+r k\|bfg
gul/Psf\] hgfPsf lyP .

dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo\'Qmsf\] sfof{non\] ;/sf/;F+u ldn\]/ dfgjclwsf/ ;+/If0f
tyf k\|j4{gsf nflu gLlt tyf sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ug\]{ / sfof{Gjog ug\]{ sfo{
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . gf\]e\]Da/ @! -d+l;/ % ut\]\_ sf\] zflGt;Demf}tfdf,
;/sf/ / dfcf\]jfbL dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo\'Qmsf\] sfof{non\] dfgjclwsf/
b\'?kof\]usf\] cg\'udgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg\'k5{ eGg\]df ;xdt ePsf lyP .

dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo\'Qmsf\] sfof{non\] jif{el/df rf/j6f k\|ltj\]bg ;fj{hlgs
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . klxnf\] ;g\\ @))# df g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] dxf/fhuGh
Aof/\]sdf ePsf\] oftgf;DaGwL k\|ltj\]bg, bf\];\|f\] o\'4lj/fdsf\] cjlwdf
dfcf\]jfbLn\] u/\]sf cTofrf/sf q\"m/ 36gf;DaGwL k\|ltj\]bg, t\];\|f\]
clk\|n dlxgfsf\] dxfg\\ cfGbf\]ngsf\] cjlwdf ;\'/Iffkmf}hn\]
cfjZostfeGbf a9L an k\|of\]u u/\]sf\];DaGwL k\|ltj\]bg / rf}yf\]
dfcf\]jfbLn\] u/\]sf\] dfgjclwsf/ b\'?kof\]u;DaGwL k\|ltj\]bgx? lyP .
;\~rf/hut\\n\] rf/}j6f k\|ltj\]bgnfO{ :jtGq ¿kdf :yfg lbPsf lyP .

;+;b\\sf\] k\'g:yf{kgfkl5 hgbafanfO{ Wofgdf /fvL /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/
cfof\]usf cfo\'Qmx¿n\] /fhLgfdf lbPsf lyP . l8;\]Da/ dlxgfdf ;/sf/n\]
gofF+ cfo\'Qmx¿sf\] dgf\]gog u/\]sf\] lyof\] t/ dfcf\]jfbLsf\] bafasf
sf/0f lgo\'lQmx¿ eg\] /f\]lsg k\'u\]sf lyP . jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf /fli6«o
dfgjclwsf/ cfof\]udf sf\]xL cfo\'Qmx¿ klg lgo\'Qm ul/Psf lyPgg\\ . ha ls
cfof\]u :jtGq ¿kdf ;\~rfng x\'g\'kYof\]{, ;Ifd g\]t\[Tjsf\] cefjsf sf/0f
o;n\] cg\';Gwfgx¿ cufl8 a9fpg ;s\]sf\] lyPg .

;\|f\]t;fwgsf\] ;Lldttf / ckof{Kt hgzlQmn\] ubf{ cfof\]un\] y\'k\|}
ljifodf cg\';Gwfg ;DkGg ug{ ;s\]sf\] lyPg . cfof\]un\] Psk6s cg\';Gwfg
;S5 / ;\'emfjx¿ lbG5, ;/sf/n\] To;df k\|ltlqmof hgfpg tLg dlxgf nufpF5 .
cfof\]un\] jif{el/df dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3g;DaGwL kfF+r ;o c7f/ -%!\*\_ j6f
ph\'/L k\|fKt u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof\]un\] ;/sf/L lx/f;taf6 5 ;o 5ofnL; -\^\$\^\_ hgf
JolQmnfO{ a\]kQf kfl/Psf\] eGg\] kQf nufPsf\] lyof\] / jif{sf\] cGTo;Dd
klg ltgLx¿ e\]l6Psf lyPgg\\ . /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof\]usf cg\';f/
dfcf\]jfbLn\] ckx/0f u/\]sf Ps ;o rf}/f;L -!\*\$\_ hgf JolQmsf\] cj:yfsf
af/\]df jif{sf\] cGTo;Dd klg s\'g} hfgsf/L lyPg . /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/
cfof\]un\] lgbf\]{if 7xl/Psf JolQmx¿nfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf\] / u}/sfg\'gL
lx/f;tdf /flvPsf\];DaGwdf klg cg\';Gwfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] . /fli6«o
dfgjclwsf/ cfof\]un\] b\]ze/ g} ;/sf/ / dfcf\]jfbLn\] aGbL agfPsfx¿;F+u
cfˆgf\] v\'nf kx\'F+r k\'u\]sf\] hgfPsf\] lyof\] .

v08 % M lje\]b, ;fdflhs b\'Jo{jxf/ / dfgj a\]rlavg

b\]ze/ b}lgs hLjgsf w\]/\] If\]qdf Pp6f hftLo k4lt ;\~rfngdf cfPsf\] eP
klg ;/sf/n\] j0f{, ln+u, hft jf ljrf/sf cfwf/df gful/sx¿lj?4 e\]befj
ug\]{ 5}g eGg\] sfg\'gdf pNn\]v 5 . ljz\]if u/\]/ u\|fdL0f e\]ux¿df
ckf+u JolQmx¿, dlxnf / tNnf\] hfthfltlj?4 x\'g\] ;fdflhs lje\]b ;fdfGotM
sfod /x\]sf\] lyof\] .

dlxnf

dlxnflj?4 x\'g\] 3/\]n\' lx+;f Pp6f uDeL/ ;d:of lyof\] h;n\] sd} dfq
hgrf;f\] k\|fKt ub{Yof\] . ToxfF+ cfdk\|x/L, /fhgLlt1x¿, gful/sx¿ /
;/sf/L lgsfox¿sf nflu dlxnflj?4sf\] lx+;fnfO{ ;d:ofsf\] ¿kdf klxrfg ug{
OGsf/ ug\'{ ;fdfGo lyof\] . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n\] k\|x/L, /fhgLlt1x¿ /
cfdhgdfg;nfO{ nlIft u/\]/ ;\~rfngdf NofPsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;d:ofsf af/\]df
r\]tgf hfu\[t u/fpg cu\|;/ /x\] . b\]zsf\] cfly{s jif{ -h\'g c;f/
d;fGtdf ;dfKt x\'G5\_ leqdf k\|x/Lsf\] dlxnf ;\]nn\] gf} ;o pgGrfnL;j6f
3/\]n\' lx+;f;DaGwL ljj/0fx¿ k\|fKt u/\]sf\] lyof\] . h\] eP klg 3/\]n\'
lx+;f;DaGwL sfg\'gsf\] cefjdf k\|x/Ln\] cf/f\]kLlj?4 d\'2f bfo/ ug{
;s\]g jf rfx\]g .

b\]zsf krxQ/ lhNNffdWo\] ;f\]x\|j6fdf k\|x/Lsf c7f/j6f dlxnf ;\]n lyP .
;\]nsf dlxnf clws\[tx¿n\] 3/\]n\' lx+;f / a\]rlavgaf6 kLl8t ePsfx¿nfO{
ug\'{kg\]{ Jojxf/;DaGwL ljz\]if tflnd k\|fKt u/\]sf lyP . k\|x/Ln\]
cfˆgf ;a} clws\[tnfO{ 3/\]n\' lx+;fnfO{ Pp6f b08gLo ck/fwsf ¿kdf x\]g{
lgb\]{zg klg lbPsf\] lyof\] . tyflk k\|x/L clwsf/Lx¿sf cg\';f/
cfdk\|x/Ldf h/f uf8\]sf\] lje\]bsf/L k\|j\[lQsf sf/0f of\] k\|sf/sf\]
lgb\]{zg nfu\" ug{ u/fpg sl7g lyof\] . olb k\|x/Ln\] kqmfp ul/xfn\]sf\]
eP klg g t kLl8t g ;/sf/n\] g} b08 lbnfpg ;Sy\] .

sf7df8f}Fdf aL;j6feGbf a9L u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn\] ;fdfGotM dlxnfsf ;jfndf /
dlxnflj?4 x\'g\] lx+;fsf ;d:ofdf sfo{ ub{y\] / lx+;fkLl8tx¿nfO{ cf\>o,
cf}ifwLpkrf/, k/fdz{ / sfg\'gL jsfnt k\|bfg ub{y\] . hah{:tL
s/0fLlj?4sf\] sfg\'gn\] b; jif{d\'lgsL aflnsfdfly hah{:tL s/0fL
ug\]{nfO{ b;b\]lv kGw\| jif{;Dd, b;b\]lv ;f\]x\| jif{;DdsL aflnsfdfly
hah{:tL s/0fL ug\]{nfO{ ;ftb\]lv b; jif{;Dd / ;f\]x\| jf Tof\]eGbf
dflysf\] pd\]/sL dlxnfdfly hah{:tL s/0fL ug\]{nfO{ kfF+rb\]lv ;ft
jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo x\'g\] Joj:yf u/\]sf\] 5 . olb kLl8t ckf+u, ue{jtL jf
dfgl;s ;Gt\'ng u\'d\]sL eP tf\]lsPsf\] s}bdf c¿ kfF+r jif{ yk x\'G5 .
@))# df ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] lbPsf\] Pp6f cfb\]zn\] j}jflxs anfTsf/dfly
k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] 5 .

k\|x/Lsf\] dlxnf ;\]nsf cg\';f/ ;g\\ @))\$ b\]lv ;\]K6\]Da/ dlxgf;Dd
hah{:tL s/0fLsf Ps ;o c7xQ/ -!&\*\_ / hah{:tL s/0fLsf\] k\|of; u/\]sf
5AaL; -@\^\_j6f d\'2f bfo/ ePsf lyP . a\]rlavglj?4 sfd ug\]{ Pp6f
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf ;fyLn\] u/\]sf\] ;e\]{n\] k\|x/Ldf ck/fwsf\] hfgsf/L
u/fpg\] anfTsf/kLl8tdWo\]\] pgGrfnL; k\|ltzt pGgfO; jif{ d\'lgsf
/x\]sf\] kQf nufPsf\] lyof\] . lgsfox¿df ck/fw hfgsf/L u/fPsf
kLl8tx¿dWo\] kRrL; k\|ltztn\] ;/sf/n\] kL8snfO{ kqmfp u/L ck/fwL 7x/
u/\]sf\] hgfPsf lyP . ;fyL ;+:yfsf cg\';f/ hah{:tL s/0fLsf d\'2fdf
k\|x/L / cbfntx¿n\] tLj\|?kdf k\|ltlqmof hgfPsf lyP .

hah{:tL s/0fLsf 36gfx¿ Pp6f ;d:ofsf ¿kdf /lx/x\]sf lyP / clwsf+z ;jfndf
;fj{hlgs klg ePsf lyPgg\\ . ef/t;F+usf ;LdfjtL{ t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df
bfOhf\] k\|yf ;an /x\] klg bfOhf\] lbg g;s\]sf\] jf sd lbPsf sf/0f
a\]x\'nLx¿sf\] xTof ePsf 36gf eg\] Hofb} sd lyP . w\]/}h;f\] klt jf
;f;\";;\'/fn\] yk bfOhf\] dfUb} kTgLx¿nfO{ zf/Ll/s oftgf lbg\] ub{y\]
cyjf dlxnfnfO{ 3/ 5f\]8\\g afWo kfl/GYof\] . h;sf sf/0f k\'?ifn\]
k\'gMljjfx ug{ ;SYof\] .

emf/km\'s;DaGwL k/Dk/fut ;f\]rfOdf k\|foMh;f\] u\|fdL0f If\]qsf j\[4f
tyf ljwjfx¿nfO{ ;dfj\]z lyP . wfdLemfF+qmL jf c¿ :yfgLo lgsfosf
uGodfGox¿n\] dfG5\]af6 e\"t v\]bfpg\] eGb} slxn\]sfxLF af\]S;L ePsf\]
cfz+sfdf ;fj{hlgs ¿kn\] s\'6lk6 / zf/Ll/s b\'Jo{jxf/ ug\]{ ub{y\] .

l8;\]Da/ \^ tfl/vdf /f}tx6sf Ps dlxnfnfO{ af\]S;L ePsf\] eGb}
l5d\]sLx¿n\] dfgj dnd\"q vfg afWo kf/\]sf\] 36gf;lxt jif{el/df ;\~rf/ /
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n\] emf/km\'s ljBf;DaGwL ax\';+Vos 36gf ;fj{hlgs u/\]sf
lyP . :yfgLo clwsf/Lx¿n\] tL l5d\]sLx¿nfO{ s\'g} sf/afxL u/\]sf lyPgg\\
. ;g\\ @))# df /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof\]un\] To:tf b\'Jo{jxf/ /f\]Sg /
b\'Jo{jxf/kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk\"lt{ lbg Pp6f ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{ ;/sf/;F+Uf
cfu\|x u/\]sf\] lyof\] . lhNNff k\|zf;g sfof{non\] ;DalGwt lhNnfdf ePsf
emf/km\'s;DaGwL lx+;fsf d\'2fx¿nfO{ x\]g\]{ ub{Yof\] .

b\]ze/ dlxnf a\]rlavg Pp6f uDeL/ ;d:of /x\]sf\] lyof\] / 7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf
dlxnfx¿ cGo b\]zdf Jofj;flos of}gzf\]if0fsf nflu afWo kfl/Psf lyP - v08
%, a\]rlavg x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ . afWofTds j\]Zofj\[lQ u}/sfg\'gL lyof\] t/
OR5fg\';f/sf\] j\]Zjfj\[lQnfO{ /f\]Sg\] sfg\'gx¿ lyPgg\\ .

oBlk sfg\'gn\] ;dfg sfdsf nflu ;dfg Hofnfnufotsf s\'/fx¿df dlxnfnfO{
;+/If0f k\|bfg u5{, ;/sf/n\] /fHosf\] :jfldTjdf /x\]sf w\]/} pBf\]ux¿df
;d\]t tL Joj:yfx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu pNn\]Vo sbd rfn\]sf\] lyPg .
dlxnfx¿n\] ljz\]if u/\]/ u\|fdL0f e\]ux¿df ;+:yfut lje\]b vKg\' k/\]sf\]
lyof\] hxfF+ ;f+:s\[lts /Lltl/jfh, lzIffsf\] cefj / sfg\'gL r\]tgfsf\]
cefjn\] cfˆgf\] gfddf ;DklQ /fVg\] jf dt v;fNg\]h:tf cfwf/e\"t
clwsf/x¿sf\] cEof; ug{ hl6n cj/f\]w l;h{gf u/\]sf lyP . cljjflxt, ljwjf
/ ;DaGwljR5\]b u/\]sf dlxnfx¿n\] eg\] k}t\[s ;DklQdf :jtM bfaL ug{
;Sby\]\] .

gf\]e\]Da/ @\^ - @)\^# d+l;/ !) ut\]\_ df ;+;b\\n\] kfl/t u/\]sf\]
gful/stf sfg\'gn\] !(() clk\|n -@)\$& r}t\_ dlxgfcl3 hlGdP/ b\]zdf
a;f\]af; ul//x\]sf hf\]sf\]xLnfO{ klg gful/stf k\|bfg ug\]{ Joj:yf
ldnfPsf\] 5 . klxnf\]k6s sfg\'gn\] cfdfsf\] gfdaf6 gful/stf lbnfPsf\] 5
eg\] ljb\]zL;F+u ljjfx ug\]{ dlxnf gful/ssf ;Gtfgn\] klg gful/stfsf\]
bfaL ug{;Sg\] :ki6 ls6fg u/\]sf\] 5 .

dlxnfx¿n\] hGd tyf d\[To\'sf 36gf btf{ ug{ ;Sg\]5g\\ . /fxbfgL k\|fKt
ug{sf nflu dlxnfn\] \>Ldfg\\sf\] cg\'dlt lng\'kg\]{ cfjZOstf lyPg .
;DklQ a\]rlavg jf :jfldTj x:tfGt/0f ubf{ dlxnfn\] lghsf\] klt, 5f\]/f jf
cleefjssf\] Ohfht k\|fKt ug{\'{kg\]{ cfjZostf klg lyPg .

dfr{ #) -@)\^@ r}t !&\_ df ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] kTgLdf afF+emf\]kg /x\]sf\]
k\|dfl0ft ePdf k\'?ifn\] lgh dlxnf;Fu ;DaGwljR5\]b ug{ kfpg\] egL
d\'n\'sL P\]gdf ls6fg ul/Psf\] Joj:yf ;dfgtf;DaGwL ;+j}wflgs
k\|Tofe\"ltsf\] ljk/Lt /x\]sf\] km};nf ;\'gfPsf\] lyof\] . k\'/fgf\]
sfg\'gcg\';f/ ;/sf/L lrlsT;f af\]8{n\] ljjfx u/\]sf\] !) jif{kl5 s\'g}
klg ljjflxt k\'?ifsL kTgLdf ;Gtfg pTkfbg ug{;Sg\] Ifdtf 5}g egL
k\|dfl0ft u/\]df ;DalGwt k\'?ifn\] ;DaGwljR5\]b ug{;Sg\] k\|fjwfg lyof\]
.

cem};Dd klg y\'k\|} lje\]bsf/L sfg\'g oyfjt\\ 5g\\ . sfg\'gljb\\x¿sf
cg\';f/ dlxnfdfly lje\]b ug\]{ %) eGbf a9L sfg\'gx? lyP . pbfx/0fsf nflu
;DklQ clwsf/;DaGwL sfg\'gn\] e\"ldsf\] btf{ / kl/jf/sf\] ;DklQ efuaG8f
x\'g\] ljifodf k\'?ifsf\] kIf lnPsf\] 5 . j}b\]lzs /f\]huf/ P\]gn\]
j}b\]lzs /f\]huf/Ldf hfg OR5\'s dlxnfn\] ;a}eGbf klxn\] ;/sf/ / ltgsf
cleefjssf\] d\~h\'/Lgfdf lng\'k5{ . sfg\'gn\] s\'g} klg k\'?ifsL kTgL
zf/Ll/s ¿kdf czQm ePdf jf ;Gtfg pTkfbg ug{ cof\]Uo 7xl/Pdf lgh
k\'?ifnfO{ k\'gMljjfx ug{ cg\'ldt lbO{ ax\'ljjfx k\|yfnfO{ k\|f\]T;fxg
u/\]sf\] 5 .

gf\]\]e\]Da/ @! - @)\^# d+l;/ % ut\]\_ df ;DkGg zflGt;Demf}tfn\] dlxnf
clwsf/sf\] ;+/If0fsf nflu ljz\]if Joj:yf ldnfpg cfXjfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] .
oBlk To;nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu\" ug\]{ ljifodf jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf klg :ki6
x\'g ;s\]sf\] lyPg .

;g\\ @))! -lj;+ @)%\*\_ sf\] hgu0fgfcg\';f/ pknAw ePsf\] ;aeGbf
kl5NNff\] tYof+sdf k\'\'?if ;fIf/tf b/ \^% k\|ltzt lyof\] eg\] dlxnf
;fIf/tf b/ t\'ngfTds ¿kdf hDdf \$# k\|ltzt lyof\] . u}/;/sf/L
;+3;+:yfx¿n\] dlxnfnfO{ ;lqmo gful/s ;dfh / cy{tGqdf PsLs\[t u/fpg\]
lbzfdf cfˆgf sfo{qmdx¿ nlIft u/\] . clwsf+z /fhgLlts bnsf dlxnf ;+u7gn\]
dlxnf clwsf/sf\] jsfnt u/\] eg\] dlxnfsf ;jfnx¿nfO{ kf6L{ g\]t\[Tj tx;Dd
k\'¥ofpg\] sfd u/\]sf lyP .

afnaflnsf

sfg\'gn\] afnaflnsfsf\] lzIff / sNof0fsf nflu :ki6 Joj:yf ldnfP klg
s\]xL xb;Dd hf/L ;z:q ljb\|f\]x;F+u} rs\]{sf\] lx+;fTds ultljlwsf sf/0f
To;sf\] ;dfg\'kflts sfof{Gjog ePg . lzIff clgjfo{ lyPg . h;/L eP klg
;/sf/L gLltn\] \^ b\]lv !@ jif{ pd\]/ ;d\"xsf afnaflnsfsf nflu lgMz\'Ns
k\|fylds lzIffsf\] Joj:yf ldnfof\] . z}lIfs u\'0f:t/ k\|fo ckof{Kt
lyof\] / w\]/} kl/jf/n\] cfˆgf s\]6fs\]6Lsf nflu ljBfno ;fdfu\|L
kf7\\ok\':ts, sfkL, snd / sk8fdf k};f vr{ ug{ ;s\]gg\\ . b\]zsf ;a}
efudf ljBfno lyPgg\\ . sfd ug\]{ afnaflnsfdWo\] emG8} \^) k\|ltzt ljBfno
egf{ eP . oBlk ljBfno egf{ x\'g\]df sfd ug\]{ afnssf\] ;+Vof &) b\]lv &%
k\|ltzt lyof\] eg\] aflnsftkm{ Tof\] hDdf %) b\]lv \^) k\|ltzt /Xof\] .
dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;d\"xx¿sf cg\';f/ dfWolds ljBfnox¿df egf{ x\'g\] 5fqfsf\]
;+Vof 5fqsf\] eGbf cfwf sd lyof\] . ;g\\ @))# df lzIff ljefun\] hf/L
u/\]sf\] Ps k\|ltj\]bgdf k\"j{k\|fylds ljBfon hfg\] pd\]/sf Ps rf}yfO{
aflnsf cfwf/e\"t lzIffaf6 jl\~rt ePsf lyP . ;/sf/n\] lJfBfno hfg\]
pd\]/sf \*\^ k\|ltzt afnaflnsf ;/sf/L ljBfnodf egf{ ePsf\] bfaL u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . b\]ze/ !% ;oj6f db/;f ;\~rfngdf /x\]sf\] hgfOPsf\] lyof\] .

;/sf/n\] afnaflnsf tyf jo:ssf nflu cfwf/e\"t :jf:Yo;\]jf lgMz\'Ns k\|bfg
u/\] klg ;/sf/L lSnlglsx¿sf\] ;+Vof yf\]/} lyof\] eg\] ToxfF+ cTofjZos
lrlsT;f pks/0fx¿sf\] cefj dfq} xf\]Og y\'k\|} sdLsdhf\]/L lyP .
dfcf\]jfbL HofbtLsf sf/0f u\|fdL0f If\]qsf s\]xL lSnlgs aGb x\'g afWo
kfl/P .

afnaflnsflj?4sf\] lx+;f lj/n} dfq bl08t x\'GYof\] / afnaflnsfsf\]
a\]rlavgn\] g} pgLx¿dflysf\] b\'Jo{jxf/ k\|ltlalDat u/\]sf\] lyof\] . sd
pd\]/sf s\]6Lx¿sf\] Jofj;flos of}gzf\]if0f Pp6f uDeL/ ;d:of lyof\] .
-*v08 % a\]rlavg x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_*

b\]zsf clwsf+z efudf ;fdflhs dgf\]efjgfn\] 5f\]/Lsf\] hGdnfO{ ljjfxdf
;f}bfafhL ug\]{ Pp6f j:t\' jf Pp6f af\]emsf ¿kdf lnGYof\] . s\]xL
JolQmn\] /h:jnf x\'g\'cl3 Pp6L s\]6Lsf\] ljjfxnfO{ Pp6f k\|ltli7t, kljq
sfo{ h;n\] csf\]{ hGd ;\'vb x\'g\] ;Defjgfx¿ a9fpF5 eGg\] ¿kdf klg lng\]
ub{y\] . kl/0ffd:j¿k afna\]x\'nL x\'g\] qmd ;fdfGo lyof\] oBlk sfg\'gn\]
c7f/ jif{d\'lgsf s\]6Lx¿sf\] ljjfxdf k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] 5 . ;fdflhs,
cfly{s / wfld{s d\"Nox¿n\] afna\]x\'nLx¿sf\] cEof;nfO{ k\|j4{g u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . :jf:Yo dGqfnosf cg\';f/ ljjfxsf nflu s\]6Lsf\] cf};t pd\]/
;f\]x\| jif{ / s\]6fsf\] cf};t pd\]/ c7f/ jif{ lyof\] . 3/\]n\'
lx+;fsf\] Pp6f sf/0fsf ¿kdf k\|foMh;f\] ljjfxdf x\'g\] pd\]/sf\]
km/snfO{ lnOGYof\] .

dfcf\]jfbLn\] lszf\]/lszf\]/L / s\]xL slnnf afnaflnsfnfO{ el/of,
;Gb\]zafxs, efG;\] / ;z:q sfo{stf{sf ¿kdf sfo{ u/fpgsf nflu ckx/0f
u/\]sf lyP . /fhgLlts lzIffsf ;qdf ;xefuL u/fpgsf nflu ljBfnoaf6} ckx/0f
ul/Psf clwsf+z afnaflnsf s\]xL lbgkl5 kmsf{OPsf lyP t/ s\]xL :j}lR5s jf
hah{:tL ul/P/ dfcf\]jfbL;F+u} /flvPsf lyP . dfcf\]jfbLn\] afnaflnsf egf{
u/\]sf\] eg\] OGsf/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] . g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] tL; k\|ltzt
dfcf\]jfbL 5fkfdf/ c7f/ jif{d\'lgsf / s\]xL b; jif{ pd\]/;Ddsf /x\]sf\]
cg\'dfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] -v08 ! sf\] 5 x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ . gf\]e\]Da/ @!
-@)\^# d+l;/ %\_ df ;DkGg zflGt;Demf}tfn\] s\'g} klg kIfsf\] ;z:q
kmf}hdf afnaflnsfsf\] egf{nfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf lgif\]w u/\]sf\] lyof\] t/
dfcf\]jfbLn\] 7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf afnaflnsf egf{ ug\]{ sfo{ hf/L /fv\]sf lyP
. ToxfF+ s\]6fs\]6Lx¿nfO{ dfcf\]jfbLsf\] cfz+sfdf lx/f;tdf jf h\]ndf
/flvPsf\] eGg\] ;dfrf/x¿ lyP tyflk cft+ssf/L tyf ljWj+;fTds sfo{ lgoGq0f
tyf ;hfo P\]g vf/\]h ul/Pkl5 tL ;a} l/xf ul/Psf lyP . jif{el/df ToxfF+
sDtLdf gf}j6f :qLlzz\'xTofsf 36gf k\|x/Lsf\] dlxnf ;\]n;dIf hfgsf/L
u/fOPsf\] lyof\] . tL 36gfdWo\] 5j6f cu:t / gf\]e\]Da/ dlxgfsf aLrdf
hfgsf/L u/fOPsf\] lyof\] .

åGåsf sf/0f afnaflnsf;lxtsf\] cfGtl/s lj:yfkg Pp6f ;d:of aGg\] qmd hf/L
lyof\] / lj:yflktsf\] ;+Vof al9/x\]sf\] lyof\] . sfl/tf;sf\] @))% sf\]
k\|ltj\]bgcg\';f/ ljut b; jif{sf\] ;z:q åGåsf qmddf sl/a rfnL; xhf/
afnaflnsf lj:yflkt u/fOPsf lyP . cfGtl/s lj:yflktsf ¿kdf afnaflnsfsf\]
:jf:Yff\]krf/ ;\]jf, cf\>o:yn / vfgfdf kx\'F+r ckof{Kt lyof\] / lzIffdf
;Lldt kx\'F+r lyof\] .

dfgj a\]rlavg

sfg\'gn\] dfgj a\]rlavgnfO{ lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5 / pNn+3gstf{x¿sf nflu aL;
jif{;Ddsf\] h\]n;hfo tf\]s\]sf\] 5 tfklg dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf a\]rlavg
Pp6f hl6n ;d:of /x\]sf\] lyof\] . Tof\] jif{df a\]rlavglj?4sf lnlvt
P\]gx¿nfO{ nfu\" ug\]{ k\|lqmofdf ;\'wf/ cfPsf\] lyof\] t/ l56km\'6
36gfx¿ eO/x\]sf lyP . sfg\'gn\] b\]zdf tyf ljb\]zdf dfgjsf\]
a\]rlavgnfO{ lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5 .

b\]z a\]rlavgsf nflu Pp6f ;\|f\]t d\'n\'s lyof\] . slnnf\] pd\]/sf
dlxnfx¿ clwsf+z ¿kdf nlIft ju{ x\'Gy\] . Jofj;flos of}gzf\]if0fsf nflu
s\]6fx¿sf\] a\]rlavg lj/n} dfq hfgsf/Ldf cfpFYof\]\] t/ gf} jif{ pd\]/
;d\"x;Ddsf s\]6Lx¿sf\] klg a\]rlavg ul/GYof\], ;\'?df t l5d\]sL b\]zx¿df
.

ha 7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf dlxnf tyf s\]6Lx¿sf\] a\]rlavg of}gzf\]if0fsf nflu
ul/GYof\] eg\] k\'?if, dlxnf / s\]6fs\]6Lx¿nfO{ 3/\]n\' sfdbf/,
cw{;Lko\'Qm aF+w\'jf \>ldssf ¿kdf sfd u/fpg a\]rlavg ul/GYof\] . vf8L
d\'n\'sx¿df /fd\|f\] /f\]huf/L lbnfOlbg\] cg\]s k\|nf\]egdf kf/L jf
e\"m7f cfZjf;g b\]vfP/ k\'?ifx¿nfO{ O/fs t:s/L ul/GYof\] . clwsf+z dlxnf
tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ /fd\|f\] cfDbfgL x\'g\] hflu/ ldnfOlbg\] jf ljjfx
ug\]{ k\|nf\]eg b\]vfO{ ef/tdf a\]rlavg ul/GYof\] . hah{:tL \>dsf jf
of}gzf\]if0fsf nflu cfGtl/s a\]rlavg klg x\'g\] uYof\]{ . ;\]e b
lrN8«\]g / PS;g P8n\] åGå, a;fOF;/fO / /f\]huf/Lsf ljifodf cg\';Gwfg
u/\]sf lyP . cWoog k\|ltj\]bgcg\';f/ ;z:q ljb\|f\]xsf sf/0f dlxnf tyf
afnaflnsfn\] ;x/L If\]qx¿df /f\]huf/L tyf ;\'/Iffsf\] vf\]hL u/\]kl5
cfGtl/s ¿kdf dfgj a\]rlavgdf dnhn k\'u\]sf\] lyof\] . o\'4lj/fd eP klg
w\]/} dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dfcf\]jfbL bafa / HofbtLsf sf/0f 3/ kms{g 8/fP
.

dfgj a\]rlavglj?4 n8\\g ;/sf/;F+u Pp6f /fli6«o of\]hgf / a\]rlavg;DaGwL
/fli6«o ¥ofkf\]6{/ 5 . t/ dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]x;F+u hf\]l8Psf\] /fhgLlts
cl:y/tf / ;\'/Iff ;d:ofn\] a\]rlavglj?4sf\] ;/sf/L k\|of;nfO{ k\|efljt
kf/\]sf\] lyof\] .

dxfGofoflwjQmfsf\] sfof{nosf cg\';f/ ;/sf/n\] ;g\\ @))% sf\] h\'nfO{kl5
b\]ze/sf lhNnf GofoflwjQmfsf sfof{nox¿df Ps jif{sf\] cjlwdf
a\]rlavg;DaGwL b\'O{ ;o tLgj6f d\'2f bfo/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] . h\'NffO{ !\$
-@)\^# c;f/ #) ut\]\_ leqdf tL b\'O{ ;o tLgj6f d\'2fdWo\] \^) j6fnfO{
cflz+s jf k\"0f{ ¿kdf ck/fw 7x/ ul/of\] / #% j6fnfO{ ;kmfO lbOof\] eg\]
Ps ;o cf7j6f d\'2f cg\';Gwfgs} bfo/fleq lyP .

sl/a !@ xhf/ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ of}gzf\]if0fsf nflu ef/tLo
j\]Zofnox¿df a\]rlavg ul/Psf\] lyof\] / cGo s}of}F dlxnf tyf
afnaflnsfnfO{ cfGtl/s ¿kdf a\]rlavg ul/Psf\] lyof\] . t:s/x¿n\]
dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;fpbL c/\]laof, dn\]l;of, xªsª / ;+o\'Qm c/a Old/\]6\\;nufot
cGo vf8L d\'n\'sx¿df of}gzf\]if0f tyf 3/\]n\' sfdsf nflu k7fPsf lyP .

;g\\ @))# df ;/sf/n\] ;fpbL c/\]laof / cGo vf8L d\'n\'sx¿df dlxnfnfO{
3/\]n\' sfdbf/sf ¿kdf k7fpgdfly nufPsf\] k\|ltaGw lkmtf{ lnof\] . ljb\]z
hfg\'cl3 sfdbf/x¿nfO{ cled\'vLs/0f tflnd lbOPsf\] 5 / ljb\]z uO;s\]kl5
pgLx¿n\] k\"j{lgwf{l/t ;Demf}tfadf\]lhd ;Ddfghgs sfd kfPsf 5g\\ eGg\]
s\'/fdf cfZj:t aGgsf nflu ;/sf/n\] sfdbf/x¿ egf{ ug\]{ lgsfox?sf\]
oyf\]lrt cg\'udg u/\]g . ;/sf/L k\|ltaGwsf afah\'b To;sf\] ;xL cg\'udg
gx\'F+bf / bf\]ifLx¿nfO{ bl08t gul/F+bf sfdbf/ egf{ ug\]{ lgsfox¿n\]
e\"m7f cfzf / k\|nf\]egdf kf/L O/fsdf hah{:tL \>ddf nufP .

ef/tdf Jofj;flos of}gsdL{sf ¿kdf sfd u/fPkl5 ;of}F dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf
:j}lR5s ¿kdf 3/ kms\]{ jf pgLx¿nfO{ p4f/ ul/of\] jf 3/ kmsf{Oof\] .
of}ghGo /f\]u jf Ifo/f\]uaf6 ;+qmldt ePkl5 w\]/} dlxnfnfO{ ef/tLo
j\]Zofnox¿af6 lgsfnf ul/of\] . clwsf+z To:tf dlxnfsf\] cj:yf Hofb}
gfh\'s /x\]sf\] lyof\] . :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ dfOtL g\]kfn / PaL;L
g\]kfnsf cg\';f/ j\]Zofnox¿af6 kms\]{sf jf kmsf{OPsf %) k\|ltzt
PrcfO{eLaf6 ;+qmldt ePsf lyP . dfgj a\]rlavglj?4 ;lqmo g\]kfnsf\]
;a}eGbf 7\"nf\] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dfOtL g\]kfnn\] a\]rlavgsf\] l;sf/
ag\]sf PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt dlxnf tyf ltgsf ;Gtfgsf nflu xl:k; ;\~rfng
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

t:s/x¿ ljz\]ifu/L g\]kfnL jf ef/tLox¿ lyP / pgLx¿sf\] ef/tl:yt
j\]Zofnox¿;F+u ;DaGw lyof\] t/ ufpF+x¿df aflnsfx¿sf\] vf\]hL ug\]{
etL{jfnx¿ g\]kfnL gful/s g} lyP . y\'k\|} 36gfdf cleefjs jf
cfkmGthgx¿n\] klg dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ of}g bf;Tjsf\] ahf/df laqmL
u/\] . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf\] ck\'i6 cfFs8fn\] %) k\|ltzt kLl8tnfO{
/fd\|f\] hflu/ ldnfOg\] jf ljjfx ug\]{ k\|nf\]egdf kf/L ef/tdf a\]rlavg
ul/Psf\], \$) k\|ltztnfO{ kl/jf/s} ;b:on\] a\]r\]sf\] / !) k\|ltztnfO{
ckx/0f ul/Psf\] b\]vfPsf\] 5 . e\|i6frf/n\] klg dfgj a\]rlavgnfO{ an
k\'¥ofPsf\] ljZjf; ul/Psf\] lyof\] t/ ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n\] tL 36gfsf
;DaGwdf yf\]/} dfq 5fglag u/\]sf\] jf bf\]ifLnfO{ sfg\'gadf\]lhd sf/afxL
u/\]sf\] kfOPsf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] b\]zsf @\^ j6f lhNnfnfO{
a\]rlavgsf\] k\|d\'v ;\|f\]tsf ¿kdf klxrfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] / gf} lhNnfdf
dfgj a\]rlavglj?4sf\] sfo{bn v8f u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ljz\]ifu/L åGåsf
sf/0f lj:yflkt ePsf dlxnf tyf o\'jf a\]vlavgsf\] hf\]lvddf k/\]sf lyP .

a\]rlavgsf\] ;d:ofnfO{ k\|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;Daf\]wg ug{ ;/sf/;F+u ;\|f\]t
tyf ;+:yfsf\] sdL eO/x\]sf\] ;dodf ;/sf/n\] o;sf\] ;+of\]hg ug\]{
JolQm;lxt dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnocGtu{t Ps /fli6«o sfo{bn
u7g u/\]sf\] lyof\] . kLl8tx¿nfO{ k\'gM :yfkgf ug{ jf ;xof\]u ug{ :yfgLo
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;F+u lgs6 /xL k\|x/L tyf dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf
;dfhsNof0f dGqfnocGtu{tsf clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ tflnd lbg ToxfF+ sfo{qmdx¿ lyP .
c7f/j6f lhNnfdf k\|x/Lsf\] dlxnf ;\]nn\] dfgj a\]rlavg tyf 3/\]n\'
lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ cfjZos ;xof\]u k\|bfg ug{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;F+u
ldn\]/ sfd u¥of\] . kl/ro sfuhft / k\|j\]zdfu{ v\'nf ul/lbg\] ;t{df
cflwsfl/s ¿kdf x\'g\] e\|i6frf/sf ultljlwn\] b\]zsf ;Ldf If\]qx¿df
u}/sfg\'gL cfjthfjtnfO{ a9fjf lbof\] .

kLl8tx¿sf\] k\'gM:yfkgf, :jf:Yo x\]/rfx / sfg\'gL ;\]jfsf nflu ;/sf/n\]
u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+yfx¿nfO{ ;Lldt sf\]if k\|bfg u¥of\] . dlxnf, afnaflnsf
tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnon\] Jofj;flos of}gsdL{sf ¿kdf sfd ug{ ef/t k7fOPsf
36gf cTolws ePsf ul/a lhNnfx¿df /f\]huf/L tyf ;Lkd\"ns tflndsf\]
k\|fof\]hg u¥of\] . ;/sf/n\] kLl8tx¿sf clwsf/sf\] /Iff u¥of\] /
pgLx¿nfO{ kqmfp ug\]{, h\]n xfNg\] jf cGo sfg\'g pNn+3gsf\] u/\]sf\]
cf/f\]kdf d\'2f rnfpg\] h:tf sfd u/\]g .

;/sf/n\] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfx¿sf\] ;dGjodf dfgj
a\]rlavglj?4 :yfgLo, If\]qLo / /fli6«o:t/df hgr\]tgf cleofg ;\~rfng
u¥of\] t/ cfjZos k\|x/L tflnd tyf ;\|f\]tsf\] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;/sf/n\]
kof{Kt ah\]6sf\] Joj:yf ug{ ;s\]sf\] lyPg / cbfntdf klg wfGg} g;Sg\] u/L
ph\'/Lx¿ k/\]sf lyP . dfgj a\]lrlavgsf kLl8tx¿;Dd ;xof\]u k\'\'¥ofpg
;/sf/L sNof0fsf/L lgsfox¿n\] u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿;F+u ldn\]/ sfd u/\]sf
lyP .

a\]lrP/ 3/ kms\]{sf kLl8tx¿k\|lt x\]l/g\] ;f+:s\[lts b\[li6sf\]0f cS;/
u/\]/ gsf/fTds lyof\] . ToxfF+ a\]rlavg /f\]Sg sfo{/t %) j6feGbf a9L
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ lyP / tLdWo\] w\]/}n\] kLl8tx¿sf nflu k\'gM:yfkgf tyf
;Lkd\"ns tflnd k\|bfg u/\]sf lyP . ;/sf/sf\] Ohfht lnP/ w\]/} u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfn\] ;x/L If\]q, u\|fdL0f If\]q / ;Ldf If\]qx¿df a\]rlavglj/f\]wL
;Gb\]z tyf lzIff lkmF+hfpg krf{, sldS;, rnlrq, dGtAo sfo{qmdh:tf cleofg
;\~rfng u/\] .

dfOtL g\]kfn, h;åf/f ;Ldf If\]qx¿df a\]rlavgsf kLl8tx¿sf\] klxrfgsf nflu
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿;F+u ldn\]/ rf}sLbf/sf ¿kdf sfd ug{ k\'gM:yfkgf ul/Psf
kLl8t dlxnfx¿dfly To:tf\] sfd u/\]sf\] cf/f\]kdf cfqmd0f ul/Psf lyP .

ckfª\\u JolQmx¿

sfg\'gn\] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ¿kdf ckfª\\u JolQmx¿lj?4 e\]befj ug{df
k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] 5}g / /f\]huf/L, lzIff, :jf:Yo x\]/rfxsf\] kx\'F+r tyf
/fHosf cGo ;\]jfx¿df ckfª\\u JolQmx¿k\|lt e\]befj ePsf lyP . sfg\'gn\]
ejgx¿, oftfoft, /f\]huf/L, lzIff / /fHosf cGo ;\]jfx¿df clgjfo{ kx\'F+r
lbg\'kg\]{ efjgf af\]s\]sf\] 5 t/ tL Joj:yfx¿ sfof{Gjog ul/Psf lyPgg\\ .
ljz\]if lzIff sfo{qmdsf nflu ;/sf/L sf\]ifsf\] Joj:yf ul/Psf\] eP klg
;/sf/n\] To;sf\] k\|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog u/\]g g t ckfª\\u JolQmx¿sf\]
lxtdf agfOPsf sfg\'g g} nfu\" u¥of\] .

ckfª\\u JolQmx¿sf\] /Iffsf nflu dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfno
lhDd\]jf/ lyof\] . ckfª\\u JolQmx¿;F+u ldn\]/ sfd u/\]sf s\]xL u}/;/sf/L
;ª\\3;+:yfx¿n\] ;/sf/af6 sf\]if k\|fKt u/\]sf lyP t/ zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s
¿kdf ckfª\\u ePsf clwsf+z JolQmx¿ ;xof\]usf nflu cfkm\\g} kl/jf/dfly
lge{/ /x\]sf lyP .

/fli6«o÷hftLo cNk;ª\\Vos

sfg\'gdf :ki6 pNn\]v 5 ls cfkm\\gf\] efiff, lnlk / ;+:s\[ltsf\] /Iff tyf
;+j4{g ug\]{ clwsf/ k\|To\]s ;d\'bfodf lglxt /xg\]5 / cfkm\\gf\]
dft\[efiffdf k\|fylds txsf ljBfnox¿ ;\~rfng ug\]{ clwsf/ k\|To\]s
;d\'bfodf ;\'/lIft /xg\]5 . Jojxf/df ;/sf/n\] ljz\]if u/L oL Joj:yfnfO{
;b/ u¥of\] .

ToxfF+ &% eGbf a9L hftLo ;d\"xx¿ lyP h;n\] ljleGg k\|sf/sf %) j6f efiff
af\]Ny\] . b\'u{d If\]qx¿df ljBfnosf kf7x¿ / /\]l8of\] k\|;f/0fx¿ cS;/
u/L :yfgLo efiffsf lyP . ;x/L If\]qx¿df ljz\]if u/L g\]kfnL jf
cª\\u\|\]hL efiffdf dfq} lzIff lbOPsf\] lyof\] .

;/sf/n\] blntx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf x\]nTjsf\] efjgfn\] x\]g\]{ ;fdflhs
k\|yfnfO{ u}/sfg\'gL ePsf\] :ki6 pNn\]v u/L pk\]lIft hftsf dflg;x¿sf\]
clwsf/sf\] /Iff ug\]{ k\|of; u/\] klg tNnf\] hftsf dflg;x¿dfly ljz\]iftM
b\]zsf\] klZrdL e\]usf u\|fdL0f If\]qx¿df e\]befj ePsf lyP .

cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf z}lIfs ljsf;sf\] lj:tf/h:tf P\]ltxfl;s 9fFFrf,
ef}uf\]lns cjl:ylt / hftsf sfo{qmdx¿ ag\] . /fd\|f\] lzIff / pRr:t/sf\]
;d\[l4sf sf/0f ljz\]ifu/L sf7fdf8f}F+ pkTosfdf hftLo e\]befjsf\] k\|yf
la:tf/} x/fpg yfNof\] / lgDg ;dflhs tyf cfly{s :t/sf dflg;x¿sf nflu cj;/
j\[l4 eof\] . ;\'lzlIft, ;x/f\]Gd\'v hftsf dflg;x¿n\] /fhgLlt / jl/i7
k\|zf;s tyf ;}lgs kbx¿df cfkm\\gf\] jr{:j sfod u/\] / k\|fs\[lts
;\|f\]tx¿sf\] c;dfg ljt/0f klg pgLx¿s} lgoGq0fdf uof\] .

dlGb/ k\|j\]zdf /f\]snufot hftsf cfwf/df x\'g\] e\]befj cj}w xf\] t/
cS;/ u/L blntx¿nfO{ dlGb/df k\|j\]z ug{af6 /f\]s nufOPsf\] lyof\] .
e\]befj Go\'gLs/0f ug\]{ ;jfndf ;x/L If\]qx¿df k\|ult ePsf\] lyof\] .

cGo ;fdflhs b\'Jo{jxf/ / e\]befj

b\]zdf ;dlnª\\uLnfO{ ljz\]if ¿kdf ck/fw k\|dfl0ft ug\]{ sfg\'g geP klg
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ d\'VotM k\|x/Ln\] slxn\]sfxLF+ ;dlnª\\uLx¿nfO{
xtf\]T;fxL kfg\]{ b\'Jo{jxf/ u/\]sf lyP . dlxnf ;dlnª\\uL, k\'?if
;dlnª\\uL, lålnª\\uL / lxh8fsf\] ;dfhdfly x\'g\] e\]befjlj?4 nl8/x\]sf\]
Ps :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf An\' 8fodG8 ;f\];fO6L -aL8LP;\_ sf cg\';f/
dxfg cfGbf\]ngkl5 klg ;dlnª\\uLdfly x\'g\] HofbtL aGb ePsf\] lyPg .

aL8LP;sf cg\';f/ dfr{ !\$ -@)\^@ r}t @ ut\]\_ df k\|x/Ln\] @\^ hgf lxh8f
/ PrcfO{eL÷P8\\;lj?4sf\] sfo{qmddf ;lqmo JolQmx¿nfO{ sf7df8f}Fsf 7d\]n /
b/af/dfu{ If\]qaf6 kqmfp u/\]sf\] lyof\] . pgLx¿dfly ;fj{hlgs If\]qsf\]
zflGtdf vnn k\'¥ofpg\] sfd u/\]sf\] cf/f\]k nufOPsf\] / pgLx¿nfO{
sf7df8f}Fl:yt xg\'dfg9f\]sf k\|x/Lrf}sLdf nluPsf\] hgfOPsf\] lyof\] .
pQm ;d\"xsf y\'k\|} ;b:ox¿nfO{ kl5 sflndf6L k\|x/Lrf}sLdf :yfgfGt/0f
ul/Psf\] lyof\] . w\]/} lbg;Dd pgLx¿nfO{ sfg\'gJoj;foLx¿;F+u s\'/f ug\]{
cg\'dlt lbOPsf\] lyPg .

v08 \^ M \>lds clwsf/

s= ;ª\\u7gsf\] clwsf/

sfg\'gn\] o\'lgog tyf ;ª\\u7g :yfkgf ug{ jf To;df cfa4 x\'g kfpg\]
:jtGqtf k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5 / oL clwsf/x¿ Jojxf/df nfu\" ul/Psf lyP .
sfg\'gn\] ljb\|f\]x, b\]zb\|f\]x jf To:tf k\|sf/sf ultljlw ;\~rfng ug{
;Sg\] cj:yfdf dfq} o\'lgogx¿dfly aGb\]h nufPsf\] lyof\] . 6«\]8
o\'lgogx¿n\] \>ldsx¿nfO{ ;ª\\ul7t ug{, ;fd\"lxs ¿kdf df\]ntf\]n ug{ /
\>ldsx¿sf\] lzIff sfo{qmd ;\~rfng ug{ k\|zf;sLo ;+/rgfx¿ v8f u/\]sf lyP
. ;a}eGbf 7\"nf tLgj6f 6«\]8 o\'lgog /fhgLlts bnx¿;F+u lgs6 lyP .

cf}krfl/s If\]qdf o\'lgogsf\] ;xeflutf s\'n sfo{bnsf\] emG8} !) k\|ltzt
/x\]sf\] lyof\] . ;g\\ !((@ sf\] \>d P\]g / ;g\\ !((@ sf\] 6«\]8 o\'lgog
P\]gn\] ljleGg lgod nfu\" u/\] klg ;/sf/n\] oL P\]gsf\] k\"0f{ sfof{Gjog
u/\]g . 6«\]8 o\'lgog P\]gn\] 6«\]8 o\'lgog, ;ª\\3;ª\\u7g / dxf;ª\\3
vf\]Ng\] k\|lqmofx¿sf\] :ki6 ls6fg u/\]sf\] 5 . pQm P\]gn\] o\'lgog tyf
clwsf/Lx¿dfly o\'lgogsf\] sfdsf\] l;nl;nfdf cfOkg\]{ d\'2fdfldnfx¿af6
arfpg, ;fd\"lxs dfu /fVg / 6«\]8 o\'lgogsf ;b:o tyf cfof\]hsx¿lj?4
e\]befj ug{ /f\]huf/bftfx¿dfly lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5 .

;/sf/n\] o\'lgogx¿nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\\3;ª\\u7gdf cfa4 x\'gaf6 k\|ltaGw
nufPsf\] lyPg . y\'k\|} 6«\]8 dxf;ª\\3 tyf o\'lgog ;ª\\u7gx¿n\] ljleGg
cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\\3;ª\\u7g;F+u ;DaGwg k\|fKt u/\]sf lyP .

d\] dlxgfdf o\'4lj/fdsf\] 3f\]if0ff u/\]kl5 dfcf\]jfbL 6«\]8 o\'lgogn\]
\>ldsx¿nfO{ ;ª\\ul7t agfof\] / Jofj;flos k\|lti7fgx¿dfly HofbtLnfO\[
a9fof\] . gf\]e\]Da/ ! -@)\^# sflt{s !% ut\]\_ df dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] ;/sf/L
:jfldTjdf /x\]sf\] x\]6f}F8f sk8f pBf\]u sAhf u/L ;/sf/L k\|zf;gsf\]
cg\'dltljgf g} ToxfF+ kf6L{ sfof{no vf\]n\]sf lyP . gf\]e\]Da/ !% -@)\^#
sflt{s @( ut\]\_ df dfcf\]jfbL lgs6 6«\]8 o\'lgogsf ;b:ox¿n\] uf\]vf{
a\|\'c/L sDkgLsf ;fthgf clwsf/LnfO{ sfof{noleq} y\'g\]/ cfkm\\gf\] tna
j\[l4 x\'g\'kg\]{ / pQm pTkfbgsf\] s/ dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ lbg\'kg\]{ dfu
/fv\]sf lyP . l8;\]Da/df dfcf\]jfbL lgs6 6«\]8 o\'lgogn\] dhb\'/x¿nfO{
:yfoL ug\'{kg\]{ / tna tyf ;\'ljwf j\[l4 ug\'{kg\]{ dfu /fvL ko{6sLo
uGtJo kf\]v/fsf y\'k\|} xf\]6n tyf /\]:6\'/fF+ ha/h:tL aGb u/fPsf\]
lyof\] .

v= ;ª\\ul7t tyf ;fd\"lxs dfu /fVg kfpg\] clwsf/

\>d P\]gn\] ;fd\"lxs dfu /fVg kfpg\] clwsf/ lbPsf\] 5 t/ pQm P\]gsf
k\|fjwfgx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{ o;;DaGwL ;fª\\u7flgs ;+/rgfx¿ ag\]sf lyPgg\\ .
;/sf/n\] o\'lgogx¿nfO{ x:tIf\]k lagf :jtGqtfk\"j{s cfkm\\gf sfo{qmd
;rfng ug{ cg\'ldt lbPsf\] 5 . ;fd\"lxs dfusf ;Demf}tfn\] ;fª\\u7flgs
If\]qdf sl/a !) k\|ltzt lx:;f cf\]u6\]sf\] lyof\] t/ ;du\|df x8tfn ug{
gkfpg\] sfg\'gL Jojwfg / \>lds g\]tfx¿sf\] ckl/kSjtfsf sf/0f \>ldsx¿n\]
Jofks ¿kdf cfkm\\gf dfu /fVg ;s\]sf lyPgg\\ .

sfg\'gn\] cTofjZos ;\]jfdf cfa4 sd{rf/Lafx\]s cGonfO{ x8tfn ug{ kfpg\]
clwsf/ ;\'lglZrt u/\]sf\] 5 / sfdbf/x¿n\] To;sf\] pkof\]u klg u/\]sf lyP
. o\'lgogn\] zflGtdf vnn k\'¥ofPdf jf /fi6«sf\] cy{tGqnfO{ w/fzoL agfPdf
sfg\'gn\] ;/sf/nfO{ x8tfn /f\]Sg jf o\'lgogsf sfo{qmdx¿ :ylut u/fpg;Sg\]
clwsf/ lbPsf\] 5 . \>d P\]gadf\]lhd x8tfnnfO{ j}wflgs 7x/ u/fpg
o\'lgogsf \^) k\|ltzt ;b:on\] To;sf\] kIfdf uf\]Ko dtbfg ug\'{k5{ .
ToxfF+ lgof{tsf nflu eg\]/ tf\]lsPsf If\]qx¿ lyPgg\\ .

u= hah{:tL jf clgjfo{ \>ddfly lgif\]w

sfg\'gn\] afnaflnsfnufot ;a}df x\'g\] hah{:tL jf clgjfo{ \>ddfly lgif\]w
u/\] klg Jojxf/df eg\] o;sf\] kfngf gePsf\] kfOof\] - v08 % / \^ 3 df
x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ . \>d ljefun\] ;fgf cf}krfl/s If\]qdf hah{:tL \>dlj?4
sfg\'g sfof{Gjog u¥of\] t/ pQm If\]qaf6 To;;DaGwL sfg\'g sfof{Gjog ug{
;s\]g .

;/sf/n\] sfof{Gjog u/\]sf\] sd}of lgif\]wfTds P\]g ;dfg\'kflts x\'g
;s\]g / sd}ofx¿ - k\"j{ aw\'F+jf dhb\'/\_nfO{ ;dfhdf PsLs\[t u/fpg
cK7\\of/f\] ePsf\] lyof\] . cGt/f{li6«o \>d ;ª\\u7gsf cg\';f/ ;g\\ @))\$
;Dddf !@ xhf/ !( hgf d\'Qm sd}ofn\] hldg, ;ft xhf/ Ps ;o \$( kl/jf/n\]
3/ agfpgsf nflu eg\]/ sl/a Ps ;o \$# cd\]l/sL 8n/ -Ps xhf/ g\]kfnL
?k}ofF+\_ / emG8} tLg xhf/n\] 3/ agfpgsf nflu sf7 k\|fKt u/\]sf lyP .
;/sf/n\] k\'gM:yfkgfsf\] kvf{Odf a;\]sf emG8} !\$ xhf/ d\'Qm sd}ofsf
nflu c:yfoL lzlj/x¿ v8f u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] ;8s lgdf{0f tyf cGo kl/of\]hgfsf nflu hah{:tL \>ddf
hf\]tfpg\] sfd hf/L /fv\] . afnaflnsfnfO{ klg hah{:tL \>d ug{ afWo
agfOof\] . - v08 \^ 3 df x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_

3= afn\>d / Go\"g Hofnfsf\] /f\]huf/Ldf lgif\]w

sfg\'gn\] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ snsf/vfgfx¿df, vfgLx¿df jf cGo ;f7L k\|sf/sf
hf\]lvdk\"0f{ sfddf gnufOof\];\\ eGg\] rfxG5 / rf}wb\]lv ;f\]x\| jif{
pd\]/ ;d\"xsf afnsflnsfnfO{ ;ftfsf\] 5QL; 306f -Ps lbgdf 5 306f / Ps
xKtfdf 5 lbg laxfg 5 ah\]b\]lv 5 ah\] ;fF+emaLrsf\] ;dodf\_ sfo{cjlw
;Lldt u5{ . afn \>d P\]gn\] ko{6g, r\'/f\]6 jf un}F+rf sf/vfgfx¿ /
vfgLx¿h:tf cy{tGqsf cf}krfl/s If\]qx¿df dfq ;/f\]sf/ /fV5 .

afn\>d Pp6f uxg ;d:of xf\] ljz\]if u/\]/ 7\"nf\] cgf}krfl/s If\]q, h;df
ef/L af\]Sg\], yf\]qfsk8f l6Kg\] / lu§L s\'6\\g\]h:tf sfdx¿ k5{g\\ .
k\|of\]udf Nofpgsf nflu 5\'6\\ofOPsf ;\|f\]t;fwgx¿ ;Lldt lyP / u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx¿n\] 5AaL; nfv afnaflnsf h;df clwsf+z aflnsfx¿ \>dzlQmdf ;+nUg
ePsf cfF+sng u/\]sf lyP . pQm ;ª\\Vofdf ;q nfv afnaflnsf k\"/f ;do sfd
ub{y\] . s\[lif If\]qdf cg\'dflgt (% k\|ltzt afn\>ldsx¿ ;+nUg /x\]sf\]
kfOPsf\] lyof\] .

sfg\'gn\] gfaflnux¿sf\] /f\]huf/Lsf nflu Go\"gtd pd\]/ pBf\]udf ;f\]x\|
jif{ / s\[lif If\]qdf rf}w jif{ x\'g\'kg\]{ Joj:yf u/\]sf\]\] 5 / o;n\]
afnaflnsfsf nflu :jLsfo{ x\'g\] sfdsf ;t{x¿nfO{ dfq cg\'dlt lbG5 .
/f\]huf/bftfx¿n\] rf}wb\]lv ;f\]x\| jif{ pd\]/ ;d\"xsf ;a} \>ldsx¿sf\]
clen\]v /fVg}k5{ . sfg\'gn\] ltgLx¿sf nflu ljz\]if ;hfosf\] Joj:yf
u/\]sf\] 5, h;n\] sfg\'gsf\] pNnª\\3g u/\]/ afnaflnsfnfO{ /f\]huf/L
lbG5g\\ . t/ klg sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos kg\]{ lgodfjnLx¿ eg\] kfl/t
ul/Psf 5}gg\\ . ;g\\ @))# df ;/sf/n\] rf}wb\]lv ;f\]x\| jif{ pd\]/sf
afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu k\|ltdlxgf sl/a Ps xhf/ kfF+r ;o \*) g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+
-afO; cd\]l/sL 8n/ \_ Go\"gtd Hofnf / vfgf tyf cGo ;\'ljwfafkt
k\|ltdlxgf yk df\]6fdf\]6L tLg ;o %( g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+ -kfF+r cd\]l/sL 8n/
\_ x\'g\'kg\]{ Joj:yf u/\]sf\] 5 . df\]6fdf\]6L sfd ug\]{ afnaflnsfdWo\]
;f7L k\|ltzt ljBfno hfg\] u/\]sf lyP . dfcfjfbLn\] s\]6Lx¿;lxt
afnaflnsfnfO{ l;kfxL, dfgj 9fn / ;Gb\]zjfxssf ¿kdf egf{ u/\]sf lyP -v08
% x\]g\'{xf\];\\\_ .

afn\>d;DaGwL lgod sfg\'g nfu\" u/fpg\] pQ/bfloTj af\]s\]sf\] \>d
dGqfno;F+u nfu\" u/fOPsf ldl\>t clen\]v lyP . dGqfnosfcg\';f/, ToxfF+
jif{e/Ldf /f\]huf/L kfPsf bzhgf \>d lg/LIfs lyP .

ª sfdsf :jLsfo{ ;t{x¿

;/sf/n\] ;g\\ @))# df Ps xhf/ gf} ;o rfnL; g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+ -;QfO;
cd\]l/sL 8n/\_ j\[l4 u/\]kl5 cbIf \>dsf nflu Go\"gtd dfl;s Hofnfdf
To;kl5 a\[l4 ul/Psf\] 5}g . sfg\'gn\] cw{bIf \>ldssf nflu sl/a b\'O{
xhf/ !! g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+ -@\* cd\]l/sL 8n/\_, bIf \>ldssf nflu sl/a b\'O{
xhf/ rf}/f;L g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+ -@( cd\]/LsL 8n/\_ / ctLbIf \>ldssf nflu
sl/a b\'O{ xhf/ b\'O{ ;o pgGtL; g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+ -#@ cd\]l/sL 8n/\_
Go\"gtd dfl;s Hofnf klg tf\]s\]sf\] 5 . vfgf / cGo ;\'ljwfx¿sf nflu yk
eQf hDdf kfF+r ;o tLg g\]kfnL ?k}ofF+ -;ft cd\]l/sL 8n/\_ dfq lyof\] .

cJojl:yt ;\]jf If\]q / s\[lifdf ;w}h;f\] krf; k\|lt;teGbf sd Hofnf
x\'GYof\] . sfg\'gn\] xKtfsf\] Ps lbg labf;F+u} ;ftfdf \$\* 306f sfd ug{
cfXjfg u5{ . tL s\'g} Go\"gtd Hofnfx¿ klg sfdbf/ / p;sf\] kl/jf/sf\]
Pp6f ;Eo hLjg:t/ lgjf{x ug{sf nflu kof{Kt lyPgg\\ .

;/sf/n\] Jofj;flos :jf:Yo tyf ;\'/Iffsf dfkb08x¿ tf\]s\]sf\] lyof\] /
sfg\'gn\] cGo ;\~rosf\]if / ;\'Ts\]/L ePafktsf ;\'ljwf l;h{gf u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . \>d sfg\'gsf\] sfof{Gjog dGb lyof\] lsgls ;/sf/n\] o;sf
k\|fjwfgx¿ nfu\" u/fpg k\|zf;lgs jf lgoGq0f ug\]{ ;+/rgfx¿ :yfkgf
u/\]sf\] lyPg . cfkm\\gf\] hflu/ u\'Dg\] 8/lagf sfdsf\] vt/gfs
kl/l:yltaf6 cfkm\"nfO{ cnu u/fpg\] clwsf/ sfdbf/x¿;F+u lyPg . sfg\'gn\]
\>d clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ c;\'/lIft kl/l:yltx¿sf\] ;\'wf/ ug{ /f\]huf/bftfx¿nfO{
cfb\]z lbg;Sg\] clwsf/ lbP klg ;\'/Iff dfkb08sf\] sfof{Gjog ePsf\] sd}
dfqfdf kfOPsf\] lyof\] .