PAF 9156: **Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Recovery**

Fall 2006, Wednesday, 6:00-8:30 P.M. (W6A),

17 Lexington Avenue, Room 1321

Jack Krauskopf

Contact: <James_Krauskopf@baruch.cuny.edu>, 646-660-6724

Baruch College, School of Public Affairs

One Bernard Baruch Way, Box D-901 New York, NY 10010-5585

135 E. 22 St., Rm. 915 (office)

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to policy, planning,
and management issues that arise in preparing for and responding to
disasters and emergencies that have broad effects on people and
property. The course will examine practices of government and nonprofit
organizations in response to both natural and unnatural (i.e. terrorist,
human-caused) events. The course will emphasize the role of human
services organizations in providing assistance to people and communities
affected by disasters in the immediate aftermath and for long-term
recovery. The course will review the types of emergencies that have and
could affect cities like New York, the history of response to and
recovery from such events, the plans and systems currently in place for
future events, and the issues that arise in providing assistance and
services to the communities, residents, and workers who are impacted.

Students will be encouraged to analyze specific disaster events, as well
as to look at issues that are common to different types of disasters.
The role of disaster preparedness planning and organizational response
within the context of ongoing responsibilities of governmental and
nonprofit human services agencies will be important to review. The role
of individual giving and private philanthropy is also a key element in
disaster response and recovery.

Course requirements include: reading weekly course materials,
participating in class discussions, completing a midterm paper analyzing
a particular disaster to determine the effectiveness of response by
public and private organizations (October 18), and preparing a final on
a topic related to the themes and issues in the course (due December
13). There will be further discussion in class about these assignments.

Students are reminded about Baruch College policies to ensure academic
honesty and integrity, available for review at
<http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/academic/academic_honesty.html>. You are
encouraged, in particular, to review the Library's brief online tutorial
about quoting, crediting other authors, and avoiding plagiarism at
<http://newman.baruch.cuny.edu/help/plagiarism/default.htm> . Baruch
provides accommodations for students with disabilities, and any special
needs should be made known to the professor or to the Office of
Disability Services, Vertical Campus Building, 55 Lexington Avenue, Room
2-271, phone 646-312-4590.

The Baruch Bookstore has ordered the following required books to
purchase for the course:

George D. Haddow and Jane A. Bullock, [Introduction to Emergency
Management]{.underline}, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006 (Haddow &
Bullock)

Ronald J. Daniels, Donald F. Kettl, and Howard Kunreuther, Editors, [On
Risk and Disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina]{.underline},
University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2006 (Daniels)

Leon Stein, [The Triangle Fire]{.underline}, Cornell University Press,
1962, 2001 (Stein)

Eric Klinenberg, [Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in
Chicago]{.underline}, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2002
(Klinenberg)

1.  **Wednesday, August 30, 2006. Introduction and Purpose of the
    Course**

What kinds of disasters and emergencies require large-scale response?

-Hurricanes, floods, fires, earthquakes

-Blackouts

-Terrorism---biological, suicidal, attack

-Other human-caused events

How are post disaster needs, services, and operations determined; and
what organizations are involved in meeting them?

Introductions, course requirements, and review of the syllabus

No class September 6 (follows a Monday schedule)

2.  **Wednesday, September 13, 2006. Types of disasters and
    emergencies**

How is disaster management different than other kinds of public and
nonprofit services management?

-Disaster in the context of human services

-Examination of needs generated by particular disasters

Stein, [The Triangle Fire]{.underline}, "Introduction: 'Who Will Protect
the Working Girl?" by William Greider, and Part One

Klinenberg, [Heat Wave]{.underline}; Prologue "The Urban Inferno,"
Introduction "The City of Extremes," and Ch. One "Dying Alone: The
Social Production of Isolation"

"Executive Summary," and "10.1 Wartime---Immediate Responses at Home;"
[The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on
Terrorist Attacks upon the United States]{.underline}, W. W. Norton &
Company, New York, 2004,

<http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Exec.pdf>

<http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch10.pdf>

Haddow & Bullock, "Foreword" by James Lee Witt, and "2. Natural and
Technological Hazards and Risk Assessment"

3.  **Wednesday, September 20, 2006. Federalism and Disaster
    Management**

How does our federal system of government condition the nature of public
disaster response?

What problems have there been in governmental disaster response,
particularly exemplified by Hurricane Katrina?

William L. Waugh Jr., "Preface;" and Donald F. Kettl, "Is the Worst Yet
to Come?;" in [Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science]{.underline}, vol. 604, March 2006, pp. 6-9 and 273- 287
(Blackboard or Library-Journals online)

Ronald J. Daniels, Donald F. Kettl, and Howard Kunreuther,
"Introduction;" Peter Gosselin, "On Their Own in Battered New Orleans;"
Kathleen Tierney, "Social Inequality, Hazards, and Disasters;" Vicki
Bier, "Hurricane Katrina as a Bureaucratic Nightmare;" and Jonathan
Walters and Donald F. Kettl, "The Katrina Breakdown;" in Daniels

Jennifer Steinhauer, "Governors Resist Shifting Authority Over Guard,"
[New York Times]{.underline}, August 15, 2006 (Blackboard)

Peter Eisinger, "Imperfect Federalism: The Intergovernmental Partnership
for Homeland Security;" [Public Administration Review]{.underline}, Vol.
66, No. 4, July/August 2006 (Blackboard or Library-Journals online)

Haddow & Bullock, "1. The Historical Context of Emergency Management"

Gerald J. Hoetmer, "Introduction;" Thomas E. Drabek, "1 The evolution of
emergency management;" and Tom Durham and Lacy E. Suiter, "5
Perspectives and Roles of the State and Federal Governments;" in Thomas
E. Drabek and Gerard J. Hoetmer, Editors, [Emergency Management:
Principles and Practice for Local Government]{.underline}, International
City Management Association, Washington, DC, 1991 (E-Reserve)

4.  **Wednesday, September 27, 2006. Response by** **Emergency Human
    Services Responders---beyond law enforcement**

What public and private nonprofit organizations respond to disasters?
How has disaster response changed over time at national and state/local
levels?

-Differentiation by type of event

-Sequencing of organizational responses

-Government disaster human services\-- Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA)/Department of Homeland Security (DHS), military, New York
City Office of Emergency Management (OEM), New York State Emergency
Management Office (SEMO), other public agencies

-Private agency responders---Red Cross, Salvation Army, Voluntary
Organizations Active in Disaster (VOAD), general human services agencies

What constitutes response?

-Relief---food, shelter, transportation, power, other needs

-Mobilizing the community

-Professionals and volunteers

Stein, [The Triangle Fire]{.underline}, Part Two and "Postscript"

Klinenberg, [Heat Wave]{.underline}; Ch. Two "Race, Place, and
Vulnerability: Urban Neighborhoods and the Ecology of Support," and
Three "The State of Disaster: City Services in the Empowerment Era"

Suzanne Perry, "Building a Better Response, American Red Cross and other
charities put together improved plans for dealing with disaster relief;"
and Trent Stamp, "Charities Must Heed the Lessons From Hurricane
Katrina;" [Chronicle of Philanthropy]{.underline}, August 17, 2006
(Blackboard)

Kathleen Tierney, Christine Bevc, and Erica Kuligowski, "Metaphors
Matter: Disaster Myths, Media Frames, and Their Consequences in
Hurricane Katrina;" Havidan Rodriguez, Joseph Trainor, and Enrico L.
Quarantelli, "Rising to the Challenges of a Catastrophe: The Emergent
and Prosocial Behavior following Hurricane Katrina;" and Joanne M. Nigg,
John Barnshaw, and Manuel R. Torres, "Hurricane Katrina and the Flooding
of New Orleans: Emergent Issues in Sheltering and Temporary Housing;" in
[Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science]{.underline}, vol. 604, March 2006; pp. 57-81, 82-101, and
113-128 (Blackboard or Library-Journals online)

Haddow & Bullock, "4. The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Response"

Ronald W. Perry, "8 Managing disaster response operations;" in Drabek
and Hoetmer (E-Reserve)

Ralph G. Lewis, "Management Issues in Emergency Response," and Jeffrey
T. Mitchell, "The Impact of Stress on Emergency Service Personnel:
Policy Issues in Emergency Response," in [Managing Disaster: Strategies
and Policy Perspectives]{.underline}, Edited by Louise K. Comfort, Duke
University Press, Durham and London, 1988 (E-Reserve)

5.  **Wednesday, October 4, 2006. Recovery**

What is necessary for recovery after a major disaster?

-Determining unmet needs

-Providing for long-term recovery---individuals and communities

What are the types of assistance and how is it provided?

-direct financial aid, mental health outreach and services, housing
(relocation, "temporary," repair and retention, homeowners and renters),
employment (placement, training, and education), small business and
economic assistance, legal assistance, healthcare delivery,
environmental health (air, water)

[A Continuing Storm: The On-Going Struggles of Hurricane Katrina
Evacuees]{.underline}, A Review of Needs, Best Practices, and
Recommendations, Appleseed, Minneapolis, August 2006,

<http://appleseeds.net/servlet/PublicationInfo?articleId=207>

<http://appleseeds.net/servlet/GetArticleFile?articleFileId=245>

Amy Liu, Matt Fellowes, and Mia Mabanta, [Special Edition of the Katrina
Index: A One-Year Review of Key Indicators of Recovery in Post-Storm New
Orleans]{.underline}, The Brookings Institution, Metropolitan Policy
Program, August 2006,
<http://www.brookings.edu/metro/pubs/2006_KatrinaIndex.pdf>

Tom Seessel, "The Philanthropic Response to 9/11," A Report Prepared for
the Ford Foundation, The John S. Watson Institute for Public Policy,
Thomas Edison State College, Trenton, NJ, August 2002,
<http://www.fordfound.org/publications/recent_articles/docs/philanthropic_response.doc>;

Tom Seessel, "Responding to the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks: Lessons from
Relief and Recovery in New York City," The John S. Watson Institute for
Public Policy, Thomas Edison State College, Trenton, New Jersey, May
2003, Ford Foundation website
<http://www.fordfound.org/publications/recent_articles/docs/philanthropic_response_ii.doc>

Gerry Fairbrother and Sandro Galea, [Terrorism, Mental Health, and
September 11: Lessons Learned about Providing Mental Health Services to
a Traumatized Population]{.underline}, The Century Foundation, 2005,
<http://www.tcf.org/Publications/HomelandSecurity/911mentalhealth.pdf>

Carrie L. Elrod, Jessica L. Hamblen, and Fran H. Norris, "Challenges in
Implementing Disaster Mental Health Programs: State Program Directors'
Perspectives;" in [Annals of the American Academy of Political and
Social Science]{.underline}, vol. 604, March 2006, pp. 152-170
(Blackboard or Library-Journals online)

Haddow & Bullock, "5. The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Recovery"

Claire B. Rubin, "9 Recovery from disaster;" in Drabek and Hoetmer
(E-Reserve)

Josephine M. LaPlante, "Recovery Following Disaster: Policy Issues and
Dimensions," and Peter J. May, "Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction,"
in Comfort, [Managing Disaster]{.underline} (E-Reserve)

6.  **Wednesday, October 11, 2006. Coordination and
    Collaboration\--Strategies for Inter-Agency Management of Services**

What are the issues in establishing inter-agency collaboration, and what
mechanisms have been created for response and recovery?

-Defining and implementing structures for organizations to collaborate

-Coordinating resources and dissemination of resource information

-Sharing client information and ensuring privacy and confidentiality

-Providing case management services

-Determining joint policies and procedures

-Training agency frontline and supervisory staff

-Using technology

Lester M. Salamon, "What Really Matters About September 11," [Chronicle
of Philanthropy]{.underline}, September 5, 2002 (Blackboard)

Jack Krauskopf, "Assisting People After a Disaster: The Role and Impact
of a Social Services Network Created for Disaster Response and
Recovery," presented at the 25^th^ Annual Research Conference of the
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Washington, DC,
November 6, 2003 (Blackboard)

Jack Krauskopf, "September 11 and Katrina: Lessons Learned and Applied,"
draft article prepared for publication Fall 2006 (Blackboard)

David F. Gillespie, "3 Coordinating community resources;" in Drabek and
Hoetmer

(E-Reserve)

7.  **Wednesday, October 18, 2006. Communications and the Role of the
    Media**

What are the needs and obstacles affecting communication to the public
and among agencies before, during, and after a disaster?

How do emergency response and recovery agencies interact with the media?

Klinenberg, [Heat Wave]{.underline}; Ch. Four "Governing by Public
Relations," and Five "The Spectacular City: News Organizations and the
Representation of Catastrophe"

Paula DiPerna, [Media, Charity, and Philanthropy in the Aftermath of
September 11, 2001]{.underline}, The Century Foundation, New York, 2003,
<http://www.tcf.org/Publications/HomelandSecurity/diperna.pdf>

Haddow & Bullock, "7. The Disciplines of Emergency Management:
Communications"

Louise K. Comfort and Anthony G. Cahill, "Increasing Problem-solving
Capacity between Organizations: The Role of Information in Managing the
May 31, 1985, Tornado Disaster in Western Pennsylvania," in Comfort,
[Managing Disaster]{.underline} (E-Reserve)

8.  **Wednesday, October 25, 2006. Special Needs---Identifying Problems
    and Solutions**

What groups of people are particularly vulnerable to disasters and what
means are required to ensure that they are assisted?

California State Independent Living Council, \"The Impact of Southern
California Wildfires on People with Disabilities,\" Sacramento, CA,
April 2004 ([www.calsilc.org](http://www.calsilc.org/))

Jane Gross, "Report Calls for Tighter Rules in Nursing Home
Evacuations," [New York Times]{.underline}, August 18, 2006 (Blackboard)

Klinenberg, [Heat Wave]{.underline}, Conclusion "Emerging Dangers in the
Urban Environment," and Epilogue "Together in the End"

[Chinatown after September 11^th^: An Economic Impact
Study]{.underline}, Asian American Federation of New York, April 4,
2002, <http://www.aafny.org/research/911Impact.asp>

[Lessons Learned from the World Trade Center Disaster: Emergency
Preparedness for People with Disabilities in New York]{.underline},
Center for Independence of the Disabled in New York, September 2004,
<http://www.cidny.org/content/Reports/Lessons.Learned_report.pdf>

[Ripple Effect: The Crisis in NYC's Low-Income Communities after
September 11^th^]{.underline}, a report by The Urban Justice Center, New
York, September 2002,
<http://www.urbanjustice.org/pdf/publications/RippleEffect.pdf> (under
Homelessness Outreach & Prevention)

9.  **Wednesday, November 1, 2006. International Disasters**

Who responds to international disasters, and how does the response
differ from domestic events?

Paul McMahon, Thomas Nyheim, and Adam Schwarz, "After the tsunami:
Lessons from reconstruction;" in [The McKinsey Quarterly]{.underline},
McKinsey & Col, 2006 Number 1 (Blackboard)

Nicole Wallace, "An Unprecedented Show of Support, Driven by Internet
donations, charities large and small raise record amounts for tsunami
victims;" and "Learning the Lessons of a Disaster, After the emergency
phase, charities focus on rebuilding;" and Debra E. Blum, "Grant Makers
Move Swiftly, Giving by private, corporate, and community foundations
tops \$150-million in cash and supplies;" in [The Chronicle of
Philanthropy]{.underline}, downloaded 1/17/05 (Blackboard)

Ellen Nakashima, "Tsunami Relief Effort Still Disorganized, Report
Says," [Washington Post]{.underline}, January 23, 2005 (Blackboard)

Jane Perlez, "Aid Groups Are Criticized Over Tsunami Reconstruction;"
[New York Times]{.underline}, July 27, 2006 (Blackboard)

Bill Canny, "A Review of NGO Coordination in Aceh Post
Earthquake/Tsunami," Study sponsored by the International Council of
Voluntary Agencies, April 8, 2005 (E-Reserve)

Haddow & Bullock, "8. International Disaster Management"

Mark Pelling, [The Vulnerability of Cities: Natural Disasters and Social
Resilience]{.underline}; Earthscan Publications Ltd, London & Sterling,
VA, 2003; "1 Tracing the Roots of Urban Risk and Vulnerability," and "2
Cities as Sites for Disaster" (E-Reserve)

10. **Wednesday, November 8, 2006. Preparedness Planning**

What are the elements of planning and disaster prevention?

-Sites and hotlines

-Communications

-Information-sharing among agencies

-Disaster drills and exercises

How are resources allocated and provided? By whom?

Robert J. Meyer, "Why We Under-Prepare for Hazards;" and Brian Strom,
"Role of Public Health and Clinical Medicine in Preparing for
Disasters;" in Daniels

Tony Pipa, "In Disaster Planning, Focus on Local Charities;" [Chronicle
of Philanthropy]{.underline}, August 17, 2006 (Blackboard)

Department of Homeland Security, \"FEMA Holds First of Kind Regional
Meeting, Others to Follow.\" [Homeland Security Today]{.underline}, Vol.
4, Issue 31, August 21, 2006

(quoted in EMI Higher Education Activity Reports, August 21, 2006)

Pelling, [The Vulnerability of Cities]{.underline}, Ch. 4 "Urban
Governance and Disaster" (E-Reserve)

[The 9/11 Commission Report]{.underline}, "11 Foresight---And
Hindsight,"

[www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch11.pdf](http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch11.pdf)

[Breathing Easier?]{.underline}, Report of the Century Foundation
Working Group on Bioterrorism Preparedness, Leif Wellington Haase,
1/13/2005,
<http://www.tcf.org/Publications/HomelandSecurity/breathingeasier.pdf>

"9/11 United Services Group Quality Assurance System: Performance
Standards," 9/11 United Services Group, Shana Brodnax, 2004 (Blackboard)

Coordinated Assistance Network (New York City steering committee),
"Visioning Summary," establishing a Disaster Assistance Services Center,
Jeremiah Dameron, August 2006 (Blackboard)

Haddow & Bullock, "6. The Disciplines of Emergency Management:
Preparedness," and "9. Emergency Management and the New Terrorist
Threat"

T. Joseph Scanlon, "4 Reaching out: Getting the community involved in
preparedness;" and Guy E. Daines, "7 Planning, training, and
exercising;" in Drabek and Hoetmer

(E-Reserve)

William L. Waugh, Jr., "Current Policy and Implementation in Disaster
Preparedness;" in Comfort, [Managing Disaster]{.underline} (E-Reserve)

11. **Wednesday, November 15, 2006. Mitigation of Hazards**

What are the objectives of mitigation, and what are examples of its
application?

Ripley, Amanda, \"Floods, Tornadoes, Hurricanes, Wildfires,
Earthquakes\...Why We Don\'t Prepare.\" [Time Magazine]{.underline},
August 20, 2006 (Blackboard)

Carolyn Kousky and Richard Zeckhauser, "JARring Actions That Fuel the
Floods;" and Michael J. Trebilcock and Ronald J. Daniels, "Rationales
and Instruments for Government Intervention in Natural Disasters;" in
Daniels

Haddow & Bullock, "3. The Disciplines of Emergency Management:
Mitigation"

David R. Godschalk, "6 Disaster mitigation and hazard management;" in
Drabek and Hoetmer (E-Reserve)

Beverly A. Cigler, "Current Policy Issues in Mitigation;" in Comfort,
[Managing Disaster]{.underline} (E-Reserve)

No class November 22 (follows a Friday schedule)

12. **Wednesday, November 29, 2006. Financing, Funding, and Equity**

What are the sources for financing disaster response and recovery?

-Department of Homeland Security

-Other public funding

-Private support

What are the equity issues in providing recovery assistance?

-Should there have been a federal Victim Compensation Fund after
September 11?

-Should such a vehicle ever be created again?

[After Katrina: Federalism after Hurricane Katrina; How Can Social
Programs Respond to a Major Disaster?]{.underline}, The Urban Institute,
Washington, DC, June 2006,
<http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/311344_after_katrina.pdf>

Anne M. Khademian, "4. Strengthening State and Local Terrorism
Prevention and Response;" in [The Department of Homeland Security's
First Year: A Report Card]{.underline}, Donald F. Kettl, editor, Century
Foundation Press, New York, 2004,
<http://www.tcf.org/Publications/HomelandSecurity/4.stateandlocal.pdf>

Lloyd Dixon and Rachel Kaganoff Stern, [Compensation for Losses from the
9/11]{.underline} Attacks, RAND Institute for Civil Justice, Santa
Monica, CA, 2004,
<http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2004/RAND_MG264.sum.pdf>

"Giving in the Aftermath of September 11: Final Update on the Foundation
and Corporate Response," [September 11: The Philanthropic
Response]{.underline}, The Foundation Center, December 2004,
<http://foundationcenter.org/gainknowledge/research/pdf/9_11updt04.pdf>

Suzanne Perry, "Learning From 9/11;" [Chronicle of
Philanthropy]{.underline}, downloaded 8/29/06 (Blackboard)

Florida Hurricane Relief Fund,
<http://www.flahurricanefund.org/about_this_fund.php>

Nicole Wallace, "\$597-Million Raised by U.S. Charities for Tsunami
Relief," [The Chronicle of Philanthropy]{.underline}, February 3, 2005
(Blackboard)

13. **Wednesday, December 6, 2006. Evaluation and Assessment**

Who should evaluate disaster response, and how should they do it?

Tony Pipa, [Weathering the Storm: The Role of Local Nonprofits in the
Hurricane Katrina Relief Effort]{.underline}, Nonprofit Sector Research
Fund, The Aspen Institute, 2006,
<http://www.nonprofitresearch.org/usr_doc/Nonprofits_and_Katrina.pdf>

[New Orleans after the Storm: Lessons from the Past, a Plan for the
Future]{.underline}, The Brookings Institution, Metropolitan Policy
Program, Washington, DC, October 2005,
<http://www.brookings.edu/metro/pubs/20051012_NewOrleans.pdf>

Amy Liu, [Building a Better New Orleans: A Review of and Plan for
Progress One Year after Hurricane Katrina]{.underline}, The Brookings
Institution, Metropolitan Policy Program, Washington, DC, August 2006,
<http://www.brookings.edu/metro/pubs/20060822_Katrina.pdf>

Donald F. Kettl, "On the Homefront---Dashed Expectations," p. 8 in
[Securing the Homeland]{.underline}, A Special Report from [Governing
Magazine]{.underline} and [Congressional Quarterly]{.underline}, October
2004,
<http://www.tcf.org/Publications/HomelandSecurity/govmagsecuring.pdf>

Pelling, [The Vulnerability of Cities]{.underline}, "3 Social
Vulnerability in the City" (E-Reserve)

Richard F. Elmore, "Policy Analysis as the Study of Implements:
Analytical Tools in Disaster Management," and Ernest Partridge, "Ethical
Issues in Emergency Management Policy," in Comfort, [Managing
Disaster]{.underline} (E-Reserve)

14. **Wednesday, December 13, 2006. Conclusion---Looking Ahead**

William L. Waugh Jr., "The Political Costs of Failure in the Katrina and
Rita Disasters;" in [Annals of the American Academy of Political and
Social Science]{.underline}, vol. 604, March 2006, pp. 10-25 (Blackboard
or Library-Journals online)

Pelling, [The Vulnerability of Cities]{.underline}, Ch. 8 "Actions for
Safer Cities" (E-Reserve)

[The 9/11 Commission Report]{.underline}, "13 How to Do It? A Different
Way of Organizing the Government,"
<http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch13.pdf>

Haddow & Bullock, "10. The Future of Emergency Management"

Louise K. Comfort, "Synthesis in Disaster Management: Linking Reason
with Action in Learning Systems," in Comfort, [Managing
Disaster]{.underline} (E-Reserve)