**Scope of Work for**

**The Development of**

**Closure Plan and Sampling of Open Burning Grounds at**

**Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant**

**Layaway of Industrial Facilities Project 5988634-1**

**SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION:** The Old Burning Ground (Solid Waste
Management Unit, SWMU, 23) is located in the west-central portion of
Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. The site is located 2,400 feet from the
west boundary, and 7,800 from the south boundary of the Government
property. The site consists of a topographically level (clay) pad
approximately 130 feet by 340 feet surrounded by an earthen berm. The
entire area is enclosed by a cyclone/chain link-type security fence.
Within the earthen berm area are burning pans which were used to burn
excess propellant; they are 40 inches by 120 inches by 4 inches deep.
The area surrounding the Burning Ground is mostly grass-covered.

**OPERATIONAL HISTORY AND WASTE CHARACTERISTICS:** The Burning Ground
was used for disposal of propellant by open burning in burning pans from
1985 through 1993. The stainless steel pan containers were constructed
in 1985. The quantities and types of propellant burned on the site are
summarized at enclosure (encl) 1. The site is currently idle, and has
been since 1993.

1\. **Introduction:**

l.1. **[Scope]{.underline}**: This is a performance based Scope of Work
for a Phase II Environmental Site Assessment (ESA). This scope is
intended as a framework for preparing a Phase II, ESA and conducting a
physical sampling with respect to the potential presence of a range of
contaminants. A Phase II ESA (often referred to as a "Closure Plan\")
defines what contaminants exist, the range of migration, and proposes
closure activities where and if constituent concentration is above
regulated levels considering future site use. A Phase II ESA also
defines the condition which regulatory agencies of primacy will accept
as a \"clean closure.\" The proposed ESA/physical sampling must gather
appropriate characterization data which will allow the Army to proceed
with closure protocols and procedures that will ensure compliance with
the closure performance standards of Title 40, Code of Federal
Regulations, Part 265, Subpart G, including but not limited to 265.111.

This ESA will evaluate a parcel of property with recognized
environmental conditions, as defined in ASTM Standard Practices
E1527-94.

The successful offeror will be required to submit, coordinate, and
obtain approval of this Phase II ESA with the regulatory agencies of
primacy.

This scope is intended for gathering high quality information about
recognized environmental conditions.

1.2. **History Description of Site including synopsis of Phase I ESA -**
Historical documentation, operational procedures, previous closure
plans, Remedial Investigation Plan, Notices of Deficiency, regulator
correspondence, and all background information and references will be
made available to the contractor by AMSIO-IRI, or through a support
contract with Alliant Techsystems. A listing of the available/previous
investigative information is provided at encl 2.

1.3. **[Objectives]{.underline}** - The primary objectives of an ESA
submission are to evaluate known environmental conditions identified in
the Phase I ESA (RCRA Facility Investigation) by (1) providing
information regarding the vertical and lateral extent of contamination,
(2) providing adequate subsurface investigation so as to fully delineate
subsurface impacts, and provide risk-based assessment and/or detailed
corrective action measures in order to subsequently complete closure
plan/post-closure care plan and achieve a "clean closure" as
appropriate. This document is intended to provide guidance for
investigating recognized environmental conditions based on technically
sound data and provide the level of inquiry necessary to implement
remedial solutions for this site. The contractor shall use creative
ideas writing this ESA Phase II for closure in order that the RCRA site
closure is coordinated with the CERCLA activities so that the areas to
be remediated under RCRA shall be clearly defined to contamination which
was generated by RCRA activity.

1.4. **[Performance Period]{.underline}** - The successful offeror shall
complete the Phase II ESA 6 months after contract award.

1.5. **[Cost Proposal, Schedule and Reporting
Requirements:]{.underline}**

1.5.1. Schedule: As part of the offerors cost proposal submission, the
prospective bidder will identify the man-hours, materials, and
subcontract costs/services required to accomplish the tasks outlined in
this SOW. A proposed schedule of activities will also be provided to
identify how the offeror will meet the performance period requirements
specified in paragraph 1.4. The proposal schedule will define the time
frame required by the independent tasks outlined in paragraph 3.0, and
any major subordinate tasks (similar to a Work Breakdown Structure Time
line). The agreed to schedule will become the basis for the monthly
status reports generated by the successful offeror.

1.5.2. Monthly Status Reports: The successful offeror will provide a
monthly status report to AMSIO-IRI. The monthly report will identify the
initial planned costs and schedule summary (as agreed to in
negotiations). The report will track actual funds vouchered to track the
costs expended, and identify the value of work performed to track
schedule deviations. The cost portion of the report will use earned
value concepts to determine value of the work actually performed. The
report format will be similar to that as provided at enclosure 3.

1.6. [**Organization of this SOW**]{.underline} - Section l describes
the scope of the associated Phase II ESA. Section 2 discusses the
significance of the data generated and potential future uses of land.
Section 3 contains the objectives and components of Phase II ESA.
Section 4 is about the Work Plan. Section 5 discusses Investigative
Activities. Section 6 (Evaluation of Data), Section 7 (Interpretation of
Data), and Section 8 (Report Preparation) collectively constitute the
body of this scope. Appendix A contains definitions and acronyms.
Appendix B contains a Table of Contents for the Phase II ESA Report.

2\. **[Inspection And Acceptance Criteria:]{.underline}**

2.1. **[Acceptance Criteria:]{.underline}** At a minimum, in order to be
acceptable to the Government, the final Phase II report must contain the
following test data and documentation:

a\. Determine the types, quantities, concentrations, extent and
configuration of contamination.

b\. Contain the necessary data and compile the ASTM E‑1739 Risk Based
Corrective Action Plan or the Risk Based Corrective Action Plan
specified by the Jurisdictional Regulatory Authority and compile to
submit to the regulators.

c\. Contain the needed information for a Phase III remediation and/or
Monitoring Plan to satisfy the requirements of 40 CFR Section 265 and
the jurisdictional regulators.

d\. Provide sufficient hydro-geologic characterization for minimal
transport/fate modeling to satisfy the requirements of 40 CFR Section
265 and the jurisdictional regulators.

e\. Provide submission to and approval by the regulators of jurisdiction
for this ESA Phase II closure plan including the sampling plan and the
subsequent remediation plan/post closure sampling (if required).

f\. Determine and document, to the approval of the regulators of
primacy, the ecological receptors and impacts, or lack thereof. This
documentation shall be submitted to the Contracting Officer (CO) as
outlined in paragraph 10. The CO will then forward this documentation to
AMSIO-IRI for inspection. Final acceptance shall be by the CO.

2.2. **[Principles]{.underline}** - The following principles are an
integral part of this scope and are intended to be referred to in
resolving any ambiguity or exercising such discretion as is accorded the
Government or the contractors.

2.2.1. **[Elimination of Uncertainty]{.underline}** - No ESA can
eliminate all uncertainty. Furthermore, any sample, either surface or
subsurface, taken for laboratory analysis may or may not be
representative of a larger population. Professional judgment and
interpretation are inherent in the process and uncertainty is
inevitable. Additional investigation may be able to reduce the
uncertainty but it can never be eliminated.

2.2.2. **[Chemical Analysis Error]{.underline}** - Chemical testing
methods have inherent uncertainties and limitations. The successful
offeror shall build quality control and quality assurance tests into the
work plan, as outlined in Section 4.8. The environmental professional
shall require the laboratory to alert it to any potential or actual
problems experienced, or non-routine events which may have occurred
during the testing, so that such problems can be considered in
evaluating the data.

2.2.3. **[Level of Investigation]{.underline}** - ESAs do not generally
require an exhaustive investigation of environmental conditions on
property. There is a point at which the cost

of information obtained and the time required to obtain it outweigh the
usefulness of the information and, in fact, may be a material detriment
to the orderly completion of transactions. If hazardous substance or
petroleum releases are confirmed on a parcel of property, the extent of
further investigation is related to the degree of uncertainty that is

acceptable to the user and the regulators of jurisdiction.

2.2.4. **[Comparison With Subsequent Inquiry]{.underline}** - Phase II
ESAs should be evaluated based on the reasonableness of judgments

made at the time and under the circumstances in which they were made.

2.2.5. **[Data Usability]{.underline}** - Measurements and sampling data
only represent the site conditions at the time of data collection.
Therefore, the usability of data collected as part of a Phase II ESA may
have a finite lifetime depending on the application and use being made
of the data. The successful offeror should evaluate the validity of
previously generated data for any subsequent use beyond the original
purpose for which it was collected.

3\. [**Phase II ESA** **Components**]{.underline} - The components of a
Phase II ESA are as listed below. These components and specification are
provided for information purposes:

1\. Work Plan Development

2\. Investigative Activities

3\. Evaluation and Presentation of Data and Development of Risk Based
Assessment

4\. Presentation of Findings and Conclusions

5\. Remediation Plan

4\. **[Work Plan Development:]{.underline}**

4.1. A plan shall be developed by the environmental professional to
establish the methods and work tasks that achieve the user\'s Phase II
objectives. The work plan should provide the rationale for planned
sampling locations and testing parameters along with identification of
selected methodologies and appropriate QA/QC measures. The work plan may
provide for minor field modifications where appropriate. The work plan
should be organized to facilitate the orderly, objective-focused
implementation of the plan in the field. In general, there are seven
main tasks in developing a work plan, as described in the sections 4.2
through 4.8.

4.2. **[Review Existing Information]{.underline}** - Readily available
existing information should be reviewed to identify or establish those
characteristics of the site and its vicinity which:

a\. Constitute a recognized environmental condition.

b\. Affect the potential distribution and mobility of hazardous
substances or petroleum products in structures, on the ground, in ground
water, in soils, or in surface water and environs at the site.

c\. Affect the manner in which the presence of hazardous substances or
petroleum products may be investigated. The review of readily available
existing information should serve as the basis for evaluating the likely
distribution of hazardous substances or petroleum products at the site,

identifying appropriate sampling locations, and selecting appropriate
sampling and analytical methodologies.

Information reviewed during work plan development should include all
readily available information identified as required by ASTM E1527-94 or
E1528 within the approximate minimum search distance for each REC being
investigated. Some but not all of these documents are identified at encl
2.

If existing information indicates a reasonable potential for hazardous
substances or petroleum products to migrate onto the property, or to
migrate within soil, ground water, surface water, or structures at the
property, additional information should be reviewed, including those
physical setting information sources identified as discretionary and
non-standard in ASTM E1527-94 or E1528. The environmental professional
may review additional sources of information as is appropriate to the
property, or as required by the judgment of the environmental
professional. Readily available information may be gained in review of
Phase I ESAs conducted IAW ASTM E1527-94, or other ESAs or reports,

including a Transaction Screen conducted IAW ASTM E1528-93 where the
information, in the judgment of the environmental professional, can be
reasonably relied upon. If, however, information is not available in the
form of a Phase I ESA, or other reliable source, such information should
be obtained in accordance with ASTM E1527-94.

Information developed at this stage of the assessment may eliminate
recognized environmental conditions identified in a Phase I ESA or
Transaction Screen from further Phase II investigation. The
environmental professional's judgment may conclude the additional
information adequately demonstrates that hazardous substances or
petroleum products associated with a previously identified REC are
unlikely to be present at the property.

4.3. **[Potential Distributions of Contaminants]{.underline}** - The
environmental professional shall interpret the possible distributions
and chemical phases of potential contaminants. This requires that the
environmental professional consider, in a setting such as the property,
the contaminant properties, behaviors, and fate and transport
characteristics such that the work plan will address the relevant
potential environmental impairment issues.

4.4. **[Sampling Plan]{.underline}** - A sampling program shall be
designed and implemented to provide collection of potentially
contaminated environmental media. Sample points will be located where
they are likely to occur, as determined pursuant to the provisions of
this Section.

4.5. **[Health and Safety Plan]{.underline}** - The work plan shall
include personnel health and safety precautions to be followed IAW
applicable federal law or state or local equivalents and any

requirements imposed by the owner or occupant of the property or by the
user.

4.6. **[Chemical Testing Plan]{.underline}** - The chemical testing
program shall be designed to detect the contaminants suspected to be
present in the samples collected in implementing Section 4.4 above. The
chemical tests should be appropriate for detecting the indicator
constituents of the hazardous substances and petroleum products
identified in the review performed under Section 4.2 above, recognizing
the possible chemical phases inferred in the work done under Section 4.3
above. The chemical testing program should include tests which provide
quality assurance (QA) and techniques which provide quality control (QC)
over the chemical analyses.

The environmental professional shall specify in advance the analytical
methods to be used as well as the requirements for laboratory data
deliverables (e.g., tabulated results, individual analysis sheets,
chromatograms, spike recoveries,

instrument calibration data, etc.) and quality control information
(i.e., project-specific or only laboratory batch-specific QC sample
analysis).

An extensive body of methods is available for the analysis of
environmental samples gathered in the course of a Phase II ESA. Several
distinct compilations of methods for the analysis of environmental
samples have been developed, principally by EPA and ASTM, for different
purposes, primarily for hazardous waste management, industrial and
municipal wastewater monitoring, investigation and cleanup of potential
Superfund sites, and monitoring of the public water supply. An example
is the compilation titled Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste
(SW-846) prepared by EPA. Each of these methods has particular benefits
and limitations.

For each specific media and target analyte, a variety of methods may be
appropriate, depending upon the particular circumstances. The
environmental professional shall select methods for the analysis of
samples giving consideration to (l) the intended end-use of the
resulting data, (2) the user\'s data quality objectives, (3) the
statutory, regulatory, or policy framework applicable to the sample in
question, and (4) any limitations or allowances associated with the
level of effort as understood by the environmental professional and
user. The selected analytical method should be appropriate for the
sample medium, target analyte, and detection limits and should result in
data sufficient to support conclusions regarding recognized
environmental conditions.

**4.7. [Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures:]{.underline}**

4.7.1. Appropriate quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures
shall be included in the Phase II ESA to allow for assessment of the
quality of the data collected. The QA/QC measures may include, for
example, written field sampling protocol, instrument calibration, the
preparation and analysis of trip blanks, duplicate samples, and holding
times for sample analysis.

4.7.2. Any analytical laboratory used in the course of the Phase II ESA
shall have an established QA/QC program sufficient to allow assessment
of the precision and accuracy of the data it generates. The
environmental professional shall verify the state certification or
licensing of the analytical laboratory where applicable or otherwise
evaluate the appropriateness of the QA/QC program of the analytical
laboratory prior to engaging its services.

5\. **[Investigative Activities]{.underline}:** The investigative
activities to be conducted under the Phase II ESA may range from
non-intrusive field screening methods to intrusive multi-media

sampling and laboratory analysis. This section references an overview of
recognized intrusive and non-intrusive site investigation methodologies
and common field screening activities and analytical protocol. The
selection of one or a combination of these methods will be based on the
stated objectives of the user and the judgment of the environmental
professional. Appropriate QA/QC measures should be implemented according
to the work plan. Investigative activities shall be statistically
conclusive to ensure the remediation is acceptable to the regulatory
agency of primacy.

5.l. **[Field Screening Techniques]{.underline}**:

5.1.1. Field screening techniques include methods of data gathering
which may result in real-time acquisition of data, for the purpose of
characterizing the physical attributes of a site and for the assessment
of the presence and a real distribution of a specific chemical or
chemical classes at a sampling location. Chemical field screening
techniques may indicate the presence of a specific chemical or chemical
class in excess of a predetermined or legally required action level.
Field analytical methods include all chemical analysis methods capable
of providing chemical-specific quantitative data in the field or
non-laboratory setting. Field screening and analytical techniques
generally allow rapid, multiple measurements at relatively low cost.
Field chemical screening and analytical methods generally have higher
detection limits and lower precision and accuracy compared to laboratory
analytical measurements because of limitations imposed by making
instruments portable and greater difficulties in applying analytical
QA/QC procedures in the field.

5.1.2. Field screening sampling and analytical techniques may be used in
Phase II ESAs for: (a) Qualitative and semi-quantitative confirmation of
the presence of contaminants constituting a REC, (b) Preliminary mapping
of the area's distribution of contaminants, (c) Guiding the collection
of samples for more rigorous laboratory analysis, and (d) Guiding the
placement of permanent monitoring well installations. The environmental
professional will establish standard procedures and protocols prior to
the implementation of field screening efforts.

5.1.3. Common field screening sampling methods that may be employed in a
Phase II ESA include sampling of soil, soil gas, and ground water.
Common chemical field screening and analytical methods include use of
ion-selective electrodes, detection of volatile compounds using field
gas chromatograph, and detection of inorganic constituents and
semi-volatile organic chemicals using colorimetric wet chemistry
methods, including enzyme immunoassay tests. Section 5.1.5 and Section
12 in ASTM D5730, Quinlan Standards and ASTM D5717, Standard Guide to
Site Characteristics for Environmental Purposes with Emphasis on Soil,
Rock The Vadose Zone and Ground Water, further address the use of field
screening methods. Field screening technologies continue to evolve.

5.2. **[Environmental Media Sampling:]{.underline}**

5.2.1. The Phase II ESA requires environmental sampling with field
and/or laboratory analysis to determine whether hazardous substances or
petroleum products are present on property. The selection of sampling
locations and analytical parameters should be consistent with the work
plan developed at the onset of the project. Any deviations from the work
plan should be noted and justified in the final report. Methodologies
for collecting, preserving, and analyzing environmental media samples
are well documented by several government, private, and academic
institutions. Sampling locations should be documented with sufficient
precision to allow the sampling event to be reproduced later.

5.2.2. The Phase II sampling activities should be conducted to avoid the
introduction of contaminants from the sampling equipment, sampling
containers, and the analytical laboratory into the sample and to avoid
the spread of contaminants in the environment.

5.2.3. Sampling methods that may be employed during a Phase II site
investigation are among the standards presented in ASTM D5730. See
Section 2.1. New technologies are frequently introduced.

5.3. **[Sample Handling:]{.underline}**

5.3.1. Sample handling includes sample collection and containerization,
filtration, and preservation. Sample

containerization and preservation techniques are among the standards
presented in D5730. Only containers approved or

recommended in the applicable analytical protocol should be used.

5.3.2. A completed chain of custody record should accompany each
shipment of samples to the analytical laboratory. Chain of custody
records provide written documentation regarding sample collection and
handling and identify the persons involved in the chain of sample
possession. Chain of custody records also provide a written record of
requested analytical parameters.

5.3.3. The environmental professional shall ensure that the samples are
delivered such that the analysis can be completed within the appropriate
sample holding times.

6\. **[Evaluation of Data:]{.underline}** The implementation of the work
plan will generate information and data regarding environmental
conditions at the property which must be evaluated.

To complete the Phase II ESA, this information and data must be analyzed
to (1) Qualify the adequacy of the work performed, and (2) Evaluate
whether a release or disposal of hazardous substances or petroleum
products has occurred. If hazardous substances or petroleum products are
not detected, the Phase II ESA information and data should be
interpreted to determine whether all appropriate inquiry has been
performed. If so, no further work is necessary to satisfy the \"all
appropriate inquiry\" element of the innocent purchaser provision of
CERCLA with respect to the recognized environmental conditions
investigated. If hazardous substances or petroleum products are
detected, the Phase II information and data shall be interpreted to
determine what further work shall be accomplished to investigate the
nature and extent of the release.

6.1 **[Verification of Assumptions]{.underline}** - The first step in
analysis of data is to test whether the assumptions upon which the work
plan was based were valid. That is, one asks whether samples were
collected of the right media (e.g., soil, ground water) or at the right
place (i.e., where contaminants should be if the potential release had
actually occurred).

A work plan is typically based upon assumptions, U.S. Geological Survey,
local well drilling logs, and previous investigations, as to subsurface
physical conditions, e.g., soil permeability, depth to the water table,
ground water flow direction and characteristics of potential
contaminants. Actual information on these conditions is usually gained
through the explorations, sampling, and observations completed under the
work plan (at least for those studies where subsurface conditions are of
concern). In some jurisdictions, the evaluation and analysis of the
subsurface conditions may require a licensed individual (e.g.,
registered geologist, professional engineer). The environmental
professional should evaluate whether the work plan assumptions were
valid, in light of the actual conditions encountered. If an assumption
was not valid, then the work performed may not have been adequate to
verify the presence of a REC.

For example, the work plan may have called for the installation of a
number of observation wells, some of which were intended to be down
gradient of areas where releases may have occurred. However, the water
table elevations measured in the wells might have indicated that ground
water flowed in a different direction than that inferred for work plan
development. Hence the wells were not down gradient of the potential
release areas and their purpose was not met. This would indicate that
additional site work would have to be done to successfully complete the
Phase II ESA. On the other hand, water table elevations may have
confirmed that the wells were down gradient, as intended. They are then
qualified as successfully meeting their purpose, and the

analysis and interpretation of data relating to them can proceed.

6.2. **[Verification of Data]{.underline}** - The second step is to
evaluate whether any target analyses detected in the samples collected
are attributable to the site. This requires the environmental
professional to determine whether the accuracy of the analytical results
should be questioned based on the QA/QC procedures described in Section
4.7. When data quality is determined to be acceptable, test results
should be interpreted.

7\. **[Interpretation of Results:]{.underline}** The results of the
Phase II explorations, sampling, and testing should be interpreted to
determine the significance of the data as they relate to the user\'s
objectives. The data shall be evaluated to determine if other sources of
contamination or more highly contaminated media may exist at the site
but were not investigated IAW this Guide. If chemicals which occur in
nature are detected, the data must be interpreted to determine whether
they are naturally occurring or are present as a result of human
activity. For example, lead occurs naturally in soils and waters, at a
range of concentrations. Mere detection of lead does not necessarily
reflect lead disposal. The environmental professional must make a
scientifically sound comparison between the lead level detected and the
naturally occurring lead level in the site vicinity (the naturally
occurring level is sometimes referred to as the \"background\" or
\"ambient\" level) and must evaluate potential sources (e.g., fill
materials present on the property in an area where use of mine tailings
as fill was prevalent) to determine whether a disposal and/or a release
have occurred.

**[Elimination of RECs]{.underline}** - Where fewer than all recognized
environmental conditions identified in a Phase I ESA or Transaction
Screen are investigated in the Phase II ESA, the conclusion that no
further inquiries warranted applies only to the recognized environmental
conditions investigated. However, this Scope should not be construed to
require Phase II assessment of all recognized environmental conditions
identified in a Phase I ESA or a Transaction Screen. Where the
Government\'s objectives may be otherwise satisfied, a REC identified in
a Phase I ESA or Transaction Screen may be eliminated from the Phase II
ESA.

A REC identified in a Phase I ESA or Transaction Screen may also be
eliminated from the full scope of Phase II ESA procedures by developing
further information not included in the Phase I or Transaction Screen.
For example, the user may obtain a tank closure report not included in
the Phase I report that confirms there were no releases from the tank
which was identified as a REC in the Phase I or Transaction Screen. This
new information may eliminate the need for additional Phase II tasks
with respect to that REC. Similarly, a REC identified in the Phase I or
Transaction Screen due to off-site conditions (e.g., a nearby CERCLIS or
LUST site) may be eliminated from a Phase II ESA if the records
associated with such sites confirm that hazardous substances or
petroleum products have not migrated or are not likely to migrate onto
the property. Such additional record review generally occurs in the work
plan development stage of the Phase II ESA See Section 4.3.

8\. **[Remediation Plan]{.underline}** - As applicable, the
environmental professional shall provide a remediation plan which
complies with a clean closure, takes into account future site use, and
anticipated receptors.

8.1. **[Definition of Clean Closure and Factors of
Consideration]{.underline}:** As applicable, the environmental
professional will propose to the regulators a concentration of regulated
constituents which will identify a state of clean closure. The
constituent concentration will take into consideration background
levels, future use of the site, and any impact to the likely receptors.

8.2. **[Remediation Plan]{.underline}:** After investigative activities
are performed, evaluated, and the definition level of clean closure is
approved by the regulatory agency of primacy, the environmental
professional will propose a remediation plan. If applicable, the plan
will identify activities to neutralize/decontaminate the constituents
with concentration levels above those approved by the clean closure
definition. These remediation activities will be accomplished in the
second phase of this project, and are not part of this SOW. The tasks
proposed will be selected from techniques and procedures which have been
accepted by regulators and proven economically feasible. The
environmental professional will weigh the impacts and costs that the
remediation activities have on future monitoring requirements.

9\. **[Suggested Phase II ESA Report Preparation:]{.underline} Table of
Contents is at Paragraph 10.**

9.1. **[Purpose]{.underline}.** The purpose of a written report is to
provide detailed documentation of the data and evaluation that (a)
documents and supports the conclusions of the environmental
professional, (b) facilitates decisions about the transaction, (c)
substantiates the innocent purchaser defense, if available, and (d)
develops documentation for

testing necessary to compile a plan for Remedial Action Phase III.

9.2. **[Standards]{.underline}.** Preparation of a written Phase II ESA
report is based on three standards: 1) the components of a scientific
report, 2) good technical writing, and 3) clear and accurate
presentation of the results and conclusions, and recommendations to the
user. A standard scientific report contains the following sections: an
introduction, a summary of background information, a description of site
conditions, a description of work performed and methods used, data
evaluation and presentation, and findings and conclusions. The report
will be supported by appropriate tables, figures, and appendices. Good
technical writing is consistent,

accurate, precise, clear and complete. In all respects, the whole report
needs to stand on its own.

9.3. **[Format of Report]{.underline}.** The report format for a written
Phase II ESA report is presented in section 10. At a minimum, the
written report shall contain these elements.

9.4. **[Content of Report]{.underline}:**

9.4.1. **[Introductory Components]{.underline}.** The introductory
components of this Phase II ESA shall include a transmittal letter,
executive summary, cover page and table of contents.

9.4.1.1. **[Transmittal Letter]{.underline}.** A transmittal letter
documents the date of a report\'s delivery and identifies the intended
recipients of the report. It also may contain other important
information including a description of the report as draft or final and
a designation that the report is confidential and/or subject to
attorney-client privilege. The transmittal letter also may identify the
staff responsible for the work.

The environmental professional(s) responsible for the Phase II ESA will
sign the report. Signatures, along with typed names and titles may
appear in the transmittal letter, on the cover page, or on a signature
page at the end of the main text of the report. Where required by the
local jurisdiction, professional seals, license type and license number,
as applicable, will be affixed following a signature.

9.4.1.2. **[Cover Page]{.underline}**. The cover or title page
identifies the following items: the subject property name and address,
the preparer of the report, the person for whom the report was prepared
and the date of the report. It may also include a statement of
confidentiality. If appropriate, it also may include a statement
identifying the document as subject to certain legal privileges. For
example, the cover page may

bear the following statement: Subject to Attorney-Work Product and Other
Privileges.

9.4.1.3. **[Table of Contents]{.underline}**. The table of contents
refers the reader to the location of the major sections of the report
and to the figures, tables and appendices. All section, figure, table
and appendix titles should match those of the text. See Section 10 for a
recommended Table of Contents.

9.4.1.4. **[Executive Summary]{.underline}**. An executive summary
provides a concise overview of the findings of the ESA. As a summary,

it should generally be brief and should not discuss material not
included in the text of the report.

9.4.2. **[Main Text]{.underline}**. The main text of the report will
contain an introduction, a discussion of background information, a
description of work performed during the Phase II ESA and of the methods
used, data evaluation and presentation, and a discussion of
findings/conclusions.

9.4.2.1. **[Introduction]{.underline}**. The introduction will include
the purpose and scope of the Phase II ESA; any special terms,
conditions, or limitations; the date of authorization of the project and
any changes. The introduction also shall identify items not included
within the scope of the Phase II ESA that might have been expected to be
included.

The introduction also references the guiding standards including
contracts/service agreements, regulatory requirements, and the work
plan. The introduction generally identifies the specific tasks
comprising the work performed in the order in which they will be
described later.

9.4.2.2. **[Background Information]{.underline}**. This section shall
include a description of the site and its features, a description of the
physical site setting, a brief discussion of the site\'s history and use
and the use of adjacent properties, and a summary of previous
environmental site assessments. Reference to an existing Phase I ESA
report may convey this information.

This section will identify the data and conclusions that led to the
performance of the Phase II ESA. If the Phase II ESA is based on earlier
environmental site assessments, the earlier ESAs should be precisely
identified (e.g., by reference to report title, project number, author
and date of any report). Where appropriate, prior ESAs may be included
in an appendix. If recommendations for further work were included in a
referenced prior ESA but were not followed in the Phase II ESA, an
explanation in this section is appropriate.

9.4.2.3. **[Phase II ESA Activities]{.underline}**. This section should
summarize the work plan as actually implemented. This section should
describe what was done, identify the methods that were used, identify
the location of the Phase II ESA activities and pertinent site
conditions. This section also should explain the rationale for the work
performed, including the review of supplemental records and the
selection of sampling locations, analytical parameters and
methodologies. Deviations from the work plan and deviations from
standard methodologies should also be explained.

Standard procedures and methods exist for a wide variety of activities
that are performed during Phase II ESAs, including vapor
monitoring/screening methods, sampling procedures, chain of custody
procedures, drilling methods, survey methods, well installation
procedures, water level measurement methods, and analytical methods.
Many of these methods and procedures are identified in ASTM Standard
D5730-95, \"Standard Guide for Site Characteristics for Environmental
Purposes with Emphasis on Soil, Rock the Vadose Zone and Ground Water.\"

Methods used can be identified by reference to a specific published
standard or method such as ASTM, state protocols, or EPA methodologies.
Other methods used (e.g., standard operating procedures for a particular
company) will be described in detail. Where appropriate, the details of
methods and procedures used can be included in an appendix.

9.4.2.4. **[Evaluation and Presentation of Results]{.underline}**.
Results of the Phase II ESA shall be presented in a logical order and
should be summarized to allow the reader to more readily follow the
discussion of findings and conclusions which appears in the next section
of the report. Results may be presented in text, in tables, and/or in
figures. Reference to the location of data in the appendices is
appropriate. Results should be presented consistently and accurately.

\(a\) **[Evaluation]{.underline}**. Evaluation of data involves
verifying work plan assumptions as they relate to meeting objectives and
determining whether chemical constituents detected in samples were
attributable to site conditions or to QA/QC failures. See Section 6 for
a detailed discussion of data

evaluation.

\(b\) **[Presentation]{.underline}**. The presentation of results will
be organized to assist the reader\'s understanding of the interpretation
of the chemical analysis data that follows in the next section of the
report. Organizational divisions may be by media (e.g., soil data
presented separately from ground water data), contaminant type (e.g.,
organic vs. inorganic contaminants), source (e.g., contamination from
leaking underground storage tank vs. contamination from drum storage
area), or other factors.

The specific information presented will depend on the activities
performed. Although Phase II ESAs can involve the full range of
environmental media, they most typically involve sampling and chemical
analysis or screening of soil, vapors and/or ground water.

As a minimum, the following information shall be presented for the
referenced activities:

\(1\) **Soil Sampling:** The locations of sampling point in relation to
potential sources; the depths of sampling; the depth to pertinent
horizons, such as the water table and the fill/natural soil contact; the
sampling and analytical methods used; and the results of chemical
analyses.

\(2\) **Vapor Sampling:** The locations of sampling points in relation
to potential sources; the depths of sampling; the depth to pertinent
horizons, such as the water table and the fill/natural soil contact; the
sampling and analytical methods used; and the results of chemical
analyses.

\(3\) **Ground Water Sampling:** The locations of sampling points in
relation to potential sources; water level data (e.g., depth to water or
water table elevation, screened interval elevation, filtered interval
elevation); the sampling and analytical methods used; and the results of
chemical analyses.

9.4.2.5. **[Discussion of Findings and Conclusions]{.underline}** -
Findings and conclusions section include:

\(a\) A Statement that the Phase II ESA was conducted in accordance with
the guidance contained in this scope and in accordance with the work
plan, and a description of any deviations from the scope or work plan;

\(b\) A summary description of: (1) the nature of the recognized
environmental conditions identified in previous work (2) the
investigations performed to evaluate the identified recognized
environmental conditions, (3) the data generated from the
investigations, and (4) any limitations of the data produced and their
impact on conclusions.

\(c\) The environmental professional\'s interpretation of the
significance of the data as they relate to the user\'s objectives. The
interpretation of data can be assisted by comparisons with applicable or
relevant and appropriate standards or guidelines. These standards or
guidelines most often are contained in state or federal regulatory
programs. The identification and verification of reference standards and
guidelines is often assisted by legal counsel with environmental
expertise. This section shall contain comparisons of the data with
background concentrations for naturally occurring compounds such as
metals or inorganic compounds. Appropriate citations and references to
standards, guidelines and sources for background

concentrations should be included. See Section 7 for a detailed
discussion of interpretation of results.

\(d\) A statement whether, in the judgment of the environmental
professional, the data generated in the Phase II ESA are sufficient to
support a conclusion, with respect to the recognized environmental
conditions investigated, either that hazardous substances or petroleum
products have been released or disposed at the property or that
hazardous

substances or petroleum products have not been released or disposed at
the property; and:

\(e\) Where applicable, an explanation of data insufficiencies that
prevent a conclusion that hazardous

substances or petroleum products were or were not released or disposed
at the property.

9.4.3. **[Concluding Components]{.underline}**. The report shall contain
tables, figures, and appendices as necessary or appropriate to explain
and support the main text of the report.

9.4.3.1. **[Tables and Figures]{.underline}**. Tables and figures may be
used as a summary presentation of data. The guidelines for data
presentation in Section 9.4.2.4. apply to tables and figures as well as
to text.

Figures that show potential sources of contamination, sampling points,
locations of other activities and surface and subsurface structures can
significantly aid the understanding of the reader. Figures should be
dated and should include a north arrow, a bar scale (preferably a scale
that can be used with a standard engineers\' scale), a legend, a title,
and other appropriate identification. If figures are based on the work
of others the source should be referenced.

9.4.3.2. **[Appendices]{.underline}**. The following is a non-exhaustive
list of materials that are appropriate for inclusion in appendices to a
Phase II ESA report: (a) photographs, (b) subsurface exploration logs,
(c) laboratory reports, with quality control information, (d) chain of
custody forms, (e) specific methods, and (f) reports of previous
environmental site assessments.

9.5. **[Additional Services]{.underline}** - Any additional services
contracted for between the user and the environmental professionals,
including a broader scope of assessment, more detailed conclusions,
liability/risk evaluations, recommendations for additional Phase II
investigations, remediation techniques, etc., are beyond this scope, and

should only be included in the report if so agreed upon by the user and
the environmental professional.

10\. **TABLE OF CONTENTS AND REPORT FORMAT**

TRANSMITTAL LETTER

COVER PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.1. Executive Summary

1.2. Introduction

1.2.1. Purpose

1.2.2. Special Terms and Conditions

1.2.3. Limitations and Exceptions of Assessment

1.2.4. Adjacent Property Land Use

1.3.5. Summary of Previous Assessments

1.4. Phase II Activities

1.4.1. Supplemental Record Review

1.4.2. Field Explorations

1.4.2.1. Test Pits

1.4.2.2. Test Borings

1.4.2.3. Monitoring Well Installations

1.4.2.3.1. Ground water elevation measurement

1.4.2.3 2. Other

1.4.3. Sampling and Chemical Analyses

1.4.3.1. Soil

1.4.3.2. Ground Water

1.4.3.3. Other

1.5. Evaluation and Presentation of Results

1.5.1. Subsurface Conditions

1.5.1.1. Geologic Setting

1.5.1.2. Hydro geologic Conditions

1.5.2. Analytical Data

1.5.2.1. Soil

1.5.2.2. Ground water

1 5 2.3. Other

1.6. Discussion of Findings and Conclusions

1.6.1. Recognized Environmental Conditions

1.6.2. Affected Media

1.6.3. Evaluation of Media Quality

1 6.4. Other Concerns

1.7. Recommendations

**LIST OF TABLES:**

**TABLE** 1 SAMPLING SUMMARY

**TABLE** 2 MONITORING WELL DETAILS

**TABLE** 3 SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS BY MEDIA

**TABLE** 4 OTHER DATA REQUIRING SUMMARIZATION

**LIST OF FIGURES:**

**FIGURE** 1 SITE LOCUS

**FIGURE** 2 SITE PLAN AND EXPLORATION LOCATION PLAN

**FIGURE** 3 OTHER FIGURES AS NECESSARY TO DEPICT SITE CONDITIONS (i.e.,
geologic cross section location plan, geologic cross sections, ground
water contour plan etc.)

**LIST OF APPENDICES:**

**APPENDIX A** SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION LOGS

**APPENDIX B** LABORATORY REPORT WITH QUALITY CONTROL INFORMATION

**APPENDIX C** OTHER APPENDICES NECESSARY TO SUPPORT THE REPORT

11\. [**Performance Period**:]{.underline} Contractor effort will begin
within 15 days after award of the contract pertaining to this SOW. All
tasks will be completed within 6 months after receipt of this contract.
Financial closeout will take place as soon as possible after final
acceptance.

Calendar Day

Contractor Award 0

Contractor submits work plan 30

Gov't Review Completed 45

Final Work 75

Draft Final Report 105

Gov't comments 115

Draft Final Report 180

12\. [**Access and Working Hours**:]{.underline}

Working hours shall conform to those presently established at Sunflower
AAP for the day shift (7 a.m. to 5 p.m.), unless otherwise specified.
All personnel shall have departed from the facility by 5 p.m., unless
otherwise required or special permission is given. Permission must be
obtained in writing from the Contracting Officer.

**ENCLOSURE 1**

**[Definitions]{.underline}**

1\. **approximate minimum search distance** - The area for which records
must be obtained and reviewed pursuant to ASTM

E-1527-94.

2\. **aquifer** - As defined in D653, a water-bearing formation that
provides a ground water reservoir.

3\. **ARARs** - An acronym for \"applicable or relevant and appropriate
requirements\". A term used in CERCLA and interpreted by EPA
regulations. Applicable requirements means \"those cleanup standards,
standards of control, and other substantive requirements, criteria, or
limitations promulgated under federal environmental or state
environmental or facility siting laws that specifically address a
hazardous substance, pollutant, contaminant, remedial action, location,
or other circumstance found at a CERCLA site.\" 40 CFR Section 300.5.
Relevant and appropriate requirements means \"those cleanup standards,
standards of control, and other substantive requirements, criteria, or
limitations promulgated under federal environmental or state
environmental or facility siting laws that, while not \'applicable\' to
a hazardous substance, pollutant, contaminant, remedial action,
location, or other circumstance at a CERCLA site, address problems or
situations sufficiently similar to those encountered at the CERCLA site
that their use is well suited to the particular site.\"

40 CFR section 300.5.

4\. **asbestos-containing materials (ACMs)** - Any material or product
that contains more than 1% asbestos. See EPA, Managing Asbestos in
Place. A Building Owner\'s Guide to Operations and Maintenance Programs
for Asbestos-Contaminated Materials, July 1990, pg. 2.

5\. **ASTM** - Formerly known as American Society for Testing and
Materials

6\. **attorney-client privilege** - A privilege that a client may invoke
to protect confidential communications between the client and the
client\'s attorney from disclosure.

7\. **business decision** - A decision based on various considerations
relating to a specific property, such as a transfer of title or change
in financing. Such considerations may also include the potential
financial exposure associated with environmental risks, the value of the
property compared to the cost of environmental

assessment, the participation and/or motivations of specific parties to
the transaction (i.e., owner, seller, buyer, lender, etc.).

8\. **CERCLA** - The acronym for the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. section 9601, et
seq., the primary federal statute that governs the imposition of
liability for environmental cleanups.

9\. **CFR** - Code of Federal Regulations

10\. **chain of custody** - A written or printed form which is used to
document sample possession, condition and responsibility from the time
of collection through laboratory analysis.

11\. **chemical phases** - The physical state of the chemical, i.e.,
solid, liquid, vapor/gaseous. A chemical\'s physical state can change
from one phase to another based on it's physical environment.

12\. **common law** - As distinguished from law created by the enactment
of legislatures, the common law comprises the body of those principles
and rules of action, relating to the government and security of persons
and property, which derive their authority solely from uses and customs
of immemorial antiquity, or from the judgments and decrees of the courts
recognizing, affirming and enforcing such usages and customs; and, in
this sense, particularly the ancient unwritten law of England. (Black\'s
Law Dictionary 250-251. 5th ed. 1979).

13\. **cuttings** - Soil or other material that is brought to the
surface by drilling and/or sampling.

14\. **disposal** - As defined by CERCLA and interpreted by EPA
regulations, the discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling,
leaking, or placing of any solid waste or hazardous waste into or on any
land or water so that such solid waste or hazardous waste or any
constituent thereof may enter the environment or be emitted into the air
or discharged into any waters, including ground waters. By judicial
construction, the term also may include hazardous substances in repose
in the environment. See United States v. Waste Industries, 734 F.2d 159
(4th Cir. 1984), with the result that hazardous substances that have
migrated to a site from an off-site source may nonetheless be considered
to have been disposed at the site. This construction is not universally
accepted. See United States v. Petersen Sand and Gravel. Inc., 806 F.
Supp. 1346 (D.III. 1992).

15\. **down gradient** - With respect to a given reference point, it is
all points through which ground water originating at the reference point
flows until reaching a surface discharge point or a distance or depth
that ceases to be a matter of potential environmental concern; the
direction of decreasing hydrostatic head.

16\. **environmental media** - soil, water, air, sediment

17\. **environmental professional** - A person or group of persons
possessing sufficient training and experience necessary to prepare and
implement a Phase II environmental site assessment in accordance with
this scope, and from the information generated by such activities,
having the ability to develop sound conclusions regarding recognized
environmental conditions in connection with the property in question. An
individual\'s status as an environmental professional may be limited to
the type of assessment to be performed or to specific segments of the
assessment for which the professional is responsible. The person may be
an independent contractor or an employee of the user. NOTE: Some
jurisdictions may have licensing requirements for individuals who
perform certain activities included in a Phase II ESA.

18\. **EPA** - United States Environmental Protection Agency

19\. **ESA** - environmental site assessment

20\. **fate and transport characteristics** - Natural consequences that
can be predicted based on the distinguishing characteristics of a
substance and the media which carry the substance.

21\. **field screening** - see Section 5.1.

22\. **ground water** - As defined by ASTM D653, the part of the
subsurface that is in the saturated zone. Loosely, all subsurface water
as distinct from surface water.

23\. **ground water flow** - as defined by ASTM D63, the movement of
water in the zone of saturation.

24\. **ground water flow direction** - the compass bearing of the
movement of water in the zone of saturation.

25\. **hazardous substance** - a substance defined as a hazardous
substance pursuant to CERCLA, 42 U.S.C. section 9601(14) as interpreted
by EPA regulations and the courts. The term includes any substance
designated pursuant to section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Clean Water Act, 33
U.S.C. section 1321(b)(2)(A); any element, compound, mixture, solution
or substance designated pursuant to section 102 of CERCLA, 42 U.S.C.
section 9602; any hazardous waste having the characteristics identified
under or listed pursuant to section 3001 of the Solid Waste Disposal
Act, 42 U.S.C. section 6921 et seq., has been suspended by Act of
Congress; any toxic pollutant listed under section 307(a) of the Clean
Water Act, 33 U.S.C. section 1317(a); any hazardous air pollutant listed
under-section 112 of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. section 7412; and any
imminently hazardous chemical substance or mixture with respect to which
the EPA administrator has taken action pursuant to section 7 of the
Toxic Substances Control Act, 15 U.S.C. section 2606. The term does not
include petroleum, including crude oil or any fraction thereof which is
not otherwise specifically listed or designated as a hazardous substance
by EPA and the term does not include natural gas, natural gas liquids,
liquefied natural gas, or synthetic gas usable for fuel (or mixtures of
natural gas and such synthetic gas). Hazardous substances designated by
EPA are listed in 40 CFR Section 302.4.

26\. **mg/kg** - A common expression of concentration of any chemical
constituent in a sample mass. Milligrams per kilogram are equivalent to
parts per million (ppm), by weight.

27\. **ug/kg** - A common expression of concentration of any chemical
constituent in a sample mass. Micrograms per kilogram are equivalent to
parts per billion (ppb), by weight.

28\. **naturally occurring chemical substances** - Substances which
occur in nature and whose presence in that location is not a result of
human activity.

29\. **NCP** - The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution
Contingency Plan, found at 40 CFR section 300. Loosely, the NCP is EPA's
blueprint on how hazardous substances are to be cleaned up pursuant to
CERCLA.

30\. **organic compounds** - carbon compounds, whether natural or
synthetic in origin. Examples of some specific compounds of
environmental concern are: benzene, toluene, and naphthalene (petroleum
components); tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene (chlorinated
solvents); and chlorofluorocarbons such as Freon.

31\. **petroleum products** - those substances included within the
petroleum exclusion to CERCLA, 42 U.S.C. section 9601(14), as
interpreted by the courts and EPA; that is, petroleum, including crude
oil or any fraction thereof which is not otherwise specifically listed
or designated as a hazardous substance under subparagraphs (A) through
(F) of 42 U.S.C section 9601(14), natural gas, natural gas liquids,
liquefied natural gas, and synthetic gas usable for fuel (or mixtures of
natural gas and such synthetic gas). (The word fraction refers to
certain distillates of crude oil, including gasoline, kerosene, diesel
oil, jet fuels, and fuel oil, pursuant to Standard Definitions of
Petroleum Statistics).

32\. **Phase I environmental site assessments (ESAs)** - The process
described in ASTM E1527-94.

33\. **Phase II environmental site assessments (ESAs)** - The process
described in this scope.

34\. **principal source(s) of drinking water** - The body of water which
may be used as drinking water by one or more individuals.

35\. **property** - The property that is the subject of the ESA
described in this Guide. The term includes buildings and other fixtures
and improvements located on the property and affixed to the land.

36\. **purged ground water** - Water that is removed from a monitoring
well prior to collecting a representative sample of the aquifer
including water generated during installation and well development.

37\. **quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)** - The use of
standards and procedures to ensure that samples collected and data
generated are reliable, reproducible and verifiable.

38\. **recognized environmental condition (REC)** - The presence or
likely presence of any hazardous substances or petroleum products on
property under conditions that indicate an existing release, a past
release, or a material threat of a release of any hazardous substances
or petroleum products into structures on the property or into the
ground, ground water or surface water of the property. The term includes
hazardous substances or petroleum products even under conditions in
compliance with laws. The term is not intended to include de minimis
conditions that generally do not present a material risk of harm to
public health or the environment and that generally would not be the
subject of an enforcement action if brought to the attention of
appropriate governmental agencies.

39\. **release** - As defined by section 101(22) of CERCLA, 42 U.S.C.
section 9601(22), \"any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting,
emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or
disposing into the environment (including the abandonment or discarding
of barrels, containers, and other closed receptacles containing any
hazardous substance or pollutant or contaminant), but excluding (A) any
release which results in exposure to persons solely within a workplace,
with respect to a claim which such persons may assert against the
employer of such persons, (B) emissions from the engine exhaust of a
motor vehicle, rolling stock aircraft, vessel, or pipeline pumping
station engine, (C) release of source, byproduct, or special nuclear
material from a nuclear incident, as those terms are defined in the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 \[42 U.S.C. section 2011 et seq.\], if such
release is subject to requirements with respect to financial protection
established by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission under section 170 of
such Act \[42 U.S.C. section 2210\], or, for the purposes of section
\[104 of CERCLA\] or any other response action, any release of source,
byproduct, or special nuclear material from any processing site
designated under section \[102(s)(1) or 302(a) of the Uranium Mill
Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978; 42 U.S.C. section 7912(a)(1) or
7942(a)\], and (D) the normal application of fertilizer.\"

40\. **sample medium** - The particular matrix that is sampled for
laboratory analysis. Examples of commonly encountered matrices include;
soil, sludge, sediment, air, wastes, pure or mixtures of chemicals,
ground water, drinking water, surface water, etc.

41\. **self-evaluation privilege** - A privilege invoked to protect from
disclosure confidential information resulting from a critical
self-analysis undertaken by the party seeking to invoke the privilege.

42\. **Superfund** - The common name for the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. section 9601, et
seq., as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986 (\"SARA\"), the primary federal statute that governs the imposition
of liability for environmental cleanups.

43\. **surface water** - Water above the surface of the ground,
including but not limited to lakes, ponds, reservoirs, artificial
impoundments, streams, rivers, springs, seeps, and wetlands.

44\. **target analyte** - A chemical substance or class of chemicals
that is selected for laboratory analysis.

45\. **Transaction Screen Process** - The process described in ASTM
E1528.

46\. **U.S.C.** - United States Code

47\. **user** - The party seeking to use Standard Practice E1527, E1528
or this Guide to guide performance of an ESA of the property. A user may
include, without limitation, a purchaser of property, a potential tenant
of property, an owner of property, a lender, or a property manager.

48\. **vadose zone** - As defined in ASTM D4696 and 5314, the
hydro-geological region extending from the soil surface to the top of
the principle water table; commonly referred to as the \"unsaturated
zone\" or zone of aeration\".

49\. **water table** - As defined in ASTM D4750, the surface of a ground
water body at which the water pressure equals atmospheric pressure.
Earth material below the ground water table is saturated with water.

50\. **work product privilege** - A privilege that provides limited
protection from disclosure to another party of documents and tangible
things discovered or prepared by or for one party or that party\'s
representative (e.g., attorney, consultant) in anticipation of
litigation or for trial.