+--------------+------+---+-----+----------+----+-------+--------------+
| Project      | O    |   |     |          |    | Acc   |              |
| Title:       | cean |   |     |          |    | ount: |              |
|              | Bi   |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | ogeo |   |     |          |    | V     |              |
|              | chem |   |     |          |    | aries |              |
|              | ical |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | Pr   |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | occe |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | sses |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | Gr   |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | oup: |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | Work |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | at   |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | sea  |   |     |          |    |       |              |
+--------------+------+---+-----+----------+----+-------+--------------+
| Principal    | J    |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| I            | ames |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| nvestigator: | K B  |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | Bi   |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | shop |   |     |          |    |       |              |
+--------------+------+---+-----+----------+----+-------+--------------+
| Site:        | Ter  |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | rito |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | rial |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | and  |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | I    |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | nter |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | nati |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | onal |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | O    |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | cean |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | Wa   |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              | ters |   |     |          |    |       |              |
+--------------+------+---+-----+----------+----+-------+--------------+
| Site Owner   |      | N |     |          |    |       |              |
| or Managing  |      | A |     |          |    |       |              |
| Agency:      |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
+--------------+------+---+-----+----------+----+-------+--------------+
| Is LBNL the  |      |   | No  | If not,  | Sh |       |              |
| primary site |      |   |     | who is?  | ip |       |              |
| manager?     |      |   |     |          | Op |       |              |
|              |      |   |     |          | er |       |              |
|              |      |   |     |          | at |       |              |
|              |      |   |     |          | or |       |              |
+--------------+------+---+-----+----------+----+-------+--------------+
| C            |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| ollaborating |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Or           |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| ganizations: |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Various      |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
+--------------+------+---+-----+----------+----+-------+--------------+
| Summary      |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Description  |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| of Site      |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Work:        |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Work will be |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| conducted at |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| sea to       |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| understand   |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| and assess   |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| ocean carbon |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| se           |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| questration. |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Site         |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| locations    |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| can vary and |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| have in the  |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| past         |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| included     |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| areas of the |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| open NE      |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Pacific      |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Ocean, The   |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| California   |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Current,     |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Station      |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| ALOHA 100 km |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| north of     |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Hawaii, the  |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Southern     |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Ocean south  |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| east of New  |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Zealand, The |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| North        |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Atlantic     |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| (between     |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Iceland and  |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Madiera      |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Is.).        |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| US Coast     |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Guard        |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| certified    |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Research     |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Vessels are  |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| used for our |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| research.    |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| More         |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| information  |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| see:         |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| http://www-o |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| cean.lbl.gov |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| /SEAehs.html |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
+--------------+------+---+-----+----------+----+-------+--------------+
| Reference    |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Scope of     |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Work and     |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Date         |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
|              |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
| Varies       |      |   |     |          |    |       |              |
+--------------+------+---+-----+----------+----+-------+--------------+

### Hazards and Controls

##  Site-Specific Hazards (Identify)

  ----------------- -----------------------------------------------------
  Climate:          Prevailing Ocean conditions

  Physical:         Rolling/Picthing Ship

  Chemical:         

  Biological:       
  ----------------- -----------------------------------------------------

##  Work-Specific Hazards (Identify hazards or indicate N/A if not applicable)

  ----------------- -----------------------------------------------------
  Off-road travel:: NA

  Mechanical:       \- deployed equipment and components operating under
                    load. Operating hydraulic equipment associated with
                    ships systems.

  Electrical:       \- 440 V 3 phase power. (Multiple Unit large Volume
                    in-situ Filtration System)

  Chemical:         \- dilute acids and bases (e.g. Hcl and NaOH)

  Trenching &       NA
  excavation:       

  Confined space:   NA

  Rigging:          NA

  High pressure:    NA

  Hazardous         NA
  environmental     
  conditions        

  Laser:            NA

  Radiation:        NA

  Hazardous         NA
  materials:        

  Fire:             NA

  Use of boat:      Yes, US Coast Guard certified Vessel

  Use of aircraft:  NA

  Other             
  ----------------- -----------------------------------------------------

## Emergency Resources Location and Contracts

+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Nearest        |                                                     |
| telephone:     |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Nearest first  | Ship Officers trained in First Aid. Helicopter      |
| aid station or | evacuation to closest point of land (if possible)   |
| ambulance      |                                                     |
| service:       |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Nearest        | Varies                                              |
| hospital or    |                                                     |
| clinic:        |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Nearest garage | NA                                                  |
| or towing      |                                                     |
| service:       |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Nearest law    | Varies                                              |
| enforcement:   |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Suggested      |                                                     |
| emergency      |                                                     |
| evacuation     |                                                     |
| route and      |                                                     |
| meeting area:  |                                                     |
|                |                                                     |
| Ship Personnel |                                                     |
| dictate these  |                                                     |
| routes and     |                                                     |
| locations --   |                                                     |
| see            |                                                     |
| http://w       |                                                     |
| ww-ocean.lbl.g |                                                     |
| ov/SEAehs.html |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Nearest        | On Ship                                             |
| potable water: |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

## On-Site Communications

  ----------------- -----------------------------------------------------
  Cellular          Varies
  telephone         
  number(s):        

  Radio channel(s): Varies
  ----------------- -----------------------------------------------------

### Required Safety Training and Personal Protective Equipment

## All site personnel *must* have training in:

Ship's crew is trained in First Aid

Ship's crew is trained in CPR

Ship's crew instructs on proper use of shipboard Fire Extinguisher

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Additional General Safety Training:                                   |
|                                                                       |
| NA                                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Required Safety Training for special task or special zone personnel:  |
|                                                                       |
| NA                                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *If safety training is required by host organization attach document* |
| (e.g. memo from host). Fire and Boat drills conducted weekly by       |
| ship's personnel. Safe operations procedures reviewed by ship's       |
| personnel.                                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

## 

## Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| PPE required for all persons on-site:                                 |
|                                                                       |
| Hard hats, life jackets, floatation work vests, exposure suits and    |
| other protective clothing is provided by the ship operator.           |
|                                                                       |
| Steel toe (or equivalent) work shoes for work on deck. Work gloves    |
| are recommended. Shoes are obtained by the employee. Foot wear must   |
| have non slip soles.                                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| PPE required for personnel working on special tasks or in special     |
| zones:                                                                |
|                                                                       |
| NA                                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

### Other Measures to Reduce Identified Risks

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Site-Specific Hazards:                                                |
|                                                                       |
| Consult general guidelines for safe operations at sea :               |
| <http://www-ocean.lbl.gov/SEAehs.html>                                |
|                                                                       |
| Bad weather and high seas cause severe rolling/pitching of the vessel |
| and can lead to physical injury and can cause sea sickness.           |
|                                                                       |
| Falling overboard can lead to hypothermia and death ... even in the   |
| tropics. Never go out on deck alone at night without a second person  |
| nearby.                                                               |
|                                                                       |
| The Ship's officers determine when it is save to work. Work on deck   |
| may be disallowed during bad weather and at night. Work may be        |
| prohibited in any location of the ship by order of the captain. LBNL  |
| researchers must follow the instructions of captain and crew.         |
|                                                                       |
| Personnel should consult with their physician on appropriate          |
| seasickness medications.                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Work-Specific Hazards                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| On any research vessel there will be times that equipment is deployed |
| over the side of the ship and                                         |
|                                                                       |
| At those times there will be mechanical systems exposed to            |
| potentially large loads. Do not linger                                |
|                                                                       |
| Near such equipment.                                                  |
|                                                                       |
| MULVFS safely at sea : <http://www-ocean.lbl.gov/SEAehs.html>         |
|                                                                       |
| 440 VAC 3 phase electrical power is used during operations of the     |
| Multiple Unit Large Volume in-situ Filtration System. Personnel       |
| working to service electrical components of MULVFS must have          |
| appropriate training. Personnel working with MULVFS must be under     |
| supervision of personnel familiar with its operation.                 |
|                                                                       |
| Personnel are required to read MSDS sheets for any chemicals in use   |
| at sea. MSDS information must be provided to the chief scientist and  |
| ship operator. Appropriate training must be completed.                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

## Hazardous Waste Site Attachment

If the site is known or suspected to contain hazardous waste and
LBNL-ESD is the primary site manager, attach completed site-specific
safety plan, as required by 29 CFR 1910.120.

### Site Personnel (LBNL and Other)

  ----------------- -----------------------------------------------------
  Site Manager:     Various -- Usually the captain and chief scientist of
                    the research vessel.

  Site Safety       Various -- The First mate of the research vessel.
  Officer (SSO):    
  ----------------- -----------------------------------------------------

Other Personnel:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  Name, Organization, Title or Job Description, Status

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

*Attach additional sheets as needed and safety training records of all
LBNL and UC personnel.*

  --------------- --------------------------------- ------ -----------------
  Primary         Jim Bishop                        Ext.   2497
  Emergency                                                
  Contact at                                               
  LBNL:                                                    

  Alternate       Jil Geller                        Ext.   7313
  Emergency                                                
  Contact at                                               
  LBNL:                                                    
  --------------- --------------------------------- ------ -----------------

### Environmental Protection

## Potential Threats to the Environment

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Fluid injection or withdrawal:                                        |
|                                                                       |
| NA                                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Tracer Release:                                                       |
|                                                                       |
| NA                                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Biotic sample collection:                                             |
|                                                                       |
| NA                                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Threatened or endangered species present:                             |
|                                                                       |
| Na                                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Protected wetland:                                                    |
|                                                                       |
| NA                                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Surface water:                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| NA                                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Archeological resources                                               |
|                                                                       |
| NA                                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Other:                                                                |
|                                                                       |
| None                                                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

### Site and Work Clearances and Permits

Required? Prepared by Date

  -------------- -------- --------- --------------------------- ----------------
  Owner          \_X_No   \_\_Yes                               
  Permission:                                                   

  Utilities      \_X_No   \_\_Yes                               
  Screening                                                     

  Dig or Drill   \_X_No   \_\_Yes                               
  Permit                                                        

  Blasting       \_X_No   \_\_Yes                               
  Permit                                                        

  USEPA          \_X_No   \_\_Yes                               

  Water Quality  \_X_No   \_\_Yes                               
  Board                                                         

  Air Quality    \_X_No   \_\_Yes                               
  Board                                                         

  US Fish &      \_X_No   \_\_Yes                               
  Wildlife                                                      

  Cal Fish &     \_X_No   \_\_Yes                               
  Game                                                          
  -------------- -------- --------- --------------------------- ----------------

  -------------------------- --------------------------- ----------------
  Work in Foreign Waters     Ship Operator and US        As required
                             Department of State         

  Other                                                  

  Other                                                  
  -------------------------- --------------------------- ----------------

### Potential Environmental Damage & Mitigation Measures:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  NA

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

### Operations Schedule:

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  Varies. Operations at sea are scheduled 24 hours per day and are
  scheduled by the chief scientist in consultation with the captain and
  scientific party.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

### Signatures

The information provided in this plan is, to the best of my knowledge,
accurate and complete as of the date of signing. Significant changes in
situation, personnel, equipment, materials and work plans shall be
appended as soon as they are known.

  ---------------------------------------- ----- -------------------------
                                                 

  ---------------------------------------- ----- -------------------------

Principal Investigator Date

  ---------------------------------------- ----- -------------------------
                                                 

  ---------------------------------------- ----- -------------------------

ESD Safety Coordinator Date

### Reading Acknowledgement

## I have read the Off-Site Safety and Environmental Protection Plan, the referenced safety websites, and any amendments for

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

and have been made aware by the Principal Investigator (PI), Site-Safety
Officer (SSO) or my immediate supervisor of the safety and environmental
hazards contained within. I understand that if I have any questions or
concerns I may seek resolution from the PI, SSO or my immediate
supervisor, or other coworker, to my satisfaction.

Please do one of the following BEFORE travel to field work:

(1) sign the original OSSEPP on file with Joyce Pfeiffer, tel
    510-486-6696

(2) print-out this page, sign, and mail or fax it to:

Jil Geller (ESD Safety Coordinator), LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Rd.,MS 90-1116,
Berkeley, CA 94720

Fax 510-486-5686

\(3\) email <jtgeller@lbl.gov>, with the text of the above reading
acknowledgement statement and your full name, employee \# and date

Employee No. Print Name Signature Date

  -------- -- ---------------------- -- ---------------------- -- ---------
                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  

                                                                  
  -------- -- ---------------------- -- ---------------------- -- ---------

### Attachments

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Itemize all attachments here:**                                     |
|                                                                       |
| **See http://www-ocean.lbl.gov/SEAehs.html**                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

[Ticks]{.underline}: Exposure to ticks which may harbor the bacteria
responsible for Lyme disease can be found in the western states,
particularly Northern California, northeast states, and north-central
states. Precautionary measures to prevent exposure include:

-   Wear light-colored clothing so that ticks can be spotted more
    easily.

-   Tuck pant legs into socks or boots and shirt into pants.

-   Spray insect repellent containing DEET on clothes and on exposed
    skin other than the face.

-   Wear a hat and a long-sleeved shirt for added protection.

-   Walk in the center of trails to avoid overhanging grass and brush.

-   Inspect the backs of co-workers during the day.

After being outdoors, remove clothing and wash and dry it at a high
temperature; inspect body carefully and remove attached ticks with
tweezers, grasping the tick as close to the skin surface as possible and
pulling straight back with a slow steady force; avoid crushing the
tick\'s body.

[Early Lyme Disease]{.underline}: The early stage of Lyme disease is
usually marked by one or more of the following symptoms and signs:

-   Fatigue

-   Chills and fever

-   Headache

-   Muscle and joint pain

-   Swollen lymph nodes

-   A characteristic skin rash, called erythema migrans.

[Erythema migrans]{.underline}: Is a red circular patch that appears
usually 3 days to 1 month after the bite of an infected tick at the site
of the bite. The patch then expands, often to a large size. Sometimes
many patches appear, varying in shape, depending on their location. The
center of the rash may clear as it enlarges, resulting in a bulls-eye
appearance. Not all rashes that occur at the site of a tick bite are due
to Lyme disease, however. For example, an allergic reaction to tick
saliva often occurs at the site of a tick bite. Allergic reactions to
tick saliva usually occur within hours to a few days after the tick
bite, usually do not expand, and disappear within a few days. Any signs
or symptoms of Lyme Disease occurring after a tick bite should be
evaluated by a physician.

[Snakes]{.underline}: Two families of venomous snakes are native to the
United States. The vast majority are pit vipers, of the family
Crotalidae, which include rattlesnakes, copperheads and cottonmouths
(water moccasins). About 99 percent of the venomous bites in this
country are from pit vipers. Some snakes carry a neurotoxic venom that
can affect the brain or spinal cord. Copperheads, on the other hand,
have a milder

and less dangerous venom that sometimes may not require antivenin
treatment. The other family of domestic poisonous snakes is Elapidae,
which includes two species of coral snakes found chiefly in the Southern
states. Though coral snakebites are rare in the United States\--only
about 25 a year by some estimates\--the snake\'s neurotoxic venom can be
dangerous. A 1987 study in the Journal of the American Medical
Association examined 39 victims of coral snakebites. There were no
deaths, but several victims experienced respiratory paralysis, one of
the hazards of neurotoxic venom. Some bites, such as those inflicted
when snakes are accidentally stepped on or encountered in wilderness
settings, are nearly impossible to prevent. But the following
precautions can lower the risk of being bitten:

-   Leave snakes alone.

-   Stay out of tall grass unless you wear thick leather boots, and
    remain on paths as much as possible.

-   Keep hands and feet out of areas you can\'t see.

-   Be cautious and alert when climbing rocks.

According to the American Red Cross, these steps should be taken if
bitten by a poisonous snake:

-   Wash the bite with soap and water.

-   Immobilize the bitten area and keep it lower than the heart.

-   Get medical help.

-   If a victim is unable to reach medical care within 30 minutes, a
    bandage, wrapped two to four inches above the bite, may help slow
    venom. The bandage should not cut off blood flow from a vein or
    artery. A good rule of thumb is to make the band loose enough that a
    finger can slip under it.

-   A suction device may be placed over the bite to help draw venom out
    of the wound without making cuts. Suction instruments often are
    included in commercial snakebite kits.

**HEAT**

## Exposure to high temperatures without adequate fluid intake or breaks can result in heat exhaustion or heat stroke.

[Heat exhaustion]{.underline}: Is caused by the loss of large amounts of
fluid by sweating, sometimes with excessive loss of salt. A worker
suffering from heat exhaustion still sweats but experiences extreme
weakness or fatigue, giddiness, nausea, or headache. In more serious
cases, the victim may vomit or lose consciousness. The skin is clammy
and moist, the complexion is pale or flushed, and the body temperature
is normal or only slightly elevated.

In most cases, treatment involves having the victim rest in a cool place
and drink plenty of liquids. Victims with mild cases of heat exhaustion
usually recover spontaneously with this treatment. Those with severe
cases may require extended care for several days. There are no known
permanent effects.

[Heat stroke]{.underline}: Is the most serious of health problems
associated with working in hot environments. It occurs when the body\'s
temperature regulatory system fails and sweating becomes inadequate. The
body\'s only effective means of removing excess heat is compromised with
little warning to the victim that a crisis stage has been reached.

A heat stroke victim\'s skin is hot, usually dry, red or spotted. Body
temperature is usually 105F or higher, and the victim is mentally
confused, delirious, perhaps in convulsions, or unconscious. Unless the
victim receives quick and appropriate treatment, death can occur.

Any person with signs or symptoms of heat stroke requires immediate
hospitalization. However, first aid should be immediately administered.
This includes removing the victim to a cool area, thoroughly soaking the
clothing with water, and vigorously fanning the body to increase
cooling.

Further treatment at a medical facility should be directed to the
continuation of the cooling process and the monitoring of complications
that often accompany the heat stroke. Early recognition and treatment of
heat stroke are the only means of preventing permanent brain damage or
death.

**COLD**

## Common harmful effects of cold include frostbite and general hypothermia.

[Frostbite:]{.underline} Occurs when skin tissue actually freezes and
cell damage results. Fingers, toes, cheeks, nose, and ears are primarily
affected. The symptoms of frostbite include uncomfortable sensations of
coldness; there may be a tingling, stinging, or aching feeling followed
by numbness. Initially the frostbitten area appears white and is cold to
the touch. This is followed by heat, redness, and swelling. Occasionally
a victim may not be aware of the frostbite.

Tissue damage can be mild and reversible or severe, resulting in
scarring and tissue death. Amputation or loss of function can be an
unfortunate result. First aid includes treating affected areas with warm
water at 102° to 110°F. Be careful to avoid rubbing frostbitten areas
because this can lead to greater tissue injury. If there is a chance for
refreezing, do not rewarm the affected areas.

[General hypothermia]{.underline}: Is the progressive loss of body heat
with prolonged exposure to cold. Body heat loss is accelerated more
rapidly when a person is wet because of sweat or working in a damp
environment. Most cases of hypothermia develop in air temperatures
between 30° & 50°F, but significant hypothermia can occur with air
temperatures as high as 65°F (particularly when clothing is wet), or in
the water at 72 degrees F.

The first symptoms of hypothermia are uncontrollable shivering and
feeling of cold. As the body\'s temperature continues to drop, an
individual can become confused, careless, and disoriented. At this point
a person may make little or no effort to avoid further exposure to the
cold. For those working around machinery or animals, accidental injury
is an additional risk. When the core body temperature falls below 86°F,
the body's adaptive mechanisms for reducing heat loss become ineffective
and death can occur.

Individuals experiencing mild hypothermia should be immediately moved to
a warm, dry shelter. Further heat loss is minimized by removing wet
clothing and applying warm blankets for insulation. Warm, nonalcoholic,
caffeine-free drinks may be offered. More severe cases of hypothermia
require intensive medical care.