;g\\ @))%sf\] k\|ltj\]bg **e\"ldsf**

**cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|ltj\]bg**

**k\|hftGq, dfgj clwsf/ tyf \>d sfof{noaf6 hf/L ul/Psf\]**

**oL k\|ltj\]bgx? lsg tof/ kfl/Psf x\'g\\ t**

of\] k\|ltj\]bg ;+o\'Qm /fHo cd\]l/sfsf\] ljb\]z ljefun\] cGt/fli6«o
wfld{s :jtGqtf P\]g ‑c=wf=:j=P\]=\_ !((\*sf\] v08 !)@ ‑v_n\] Joj:yf u/\]
cg\';f/ cd\]l/sL s+u\|\]; ;dIf k\|:t\'t ul/Psf\] xf\] . cd\]l/sL
sfg\"gn\] ljb\]zdGqLåf/f cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf ljifodf lgu/fgL ug{
lgo\'Qm ljz\]ifb\"tsf\] ;xof\]udf s+u\|\]; ;dIf æcGt/f{li6«o wfld{s
:jtGqtfaf/\] Pp6f jflif{s k\|ltj\]bg k\|:t\'t ug{ tf\]s\]sf\] 5 h;n\]
;aeGbf kl5Nnf dfgj clwsf/ k\|ltj\]bgx?sf\] kl/k\"/s x\'g\] u/L
cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtfsf ljifox?;Fu ;DalGwt yk lj:t\[t ;\"rgf
;fdfu\|Lx? pknAw u/fpg\]5 .Æ

**oL k\|ltj\]bgx? s;/L tof/ kfl/G5g\\**

;g\\ !((\*df ljb\]zdGqL\]n\] k\|hftGq, dfgj clwsf/ tyf \>d sfof{no dftxt
cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf lgsfo :yfkgf ug\'{eof\] . ;g\\ @))@sf\] dO{
dlxgfdf, hf\]g eL= Xofgkmf\]8{ t\[tLon\] cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\]
nflu bf\]\>f\] ljz\]ifb\"tsf\] kbef/ u\|x0f ug\'{ eof\] / ljb\]zdGqLsf
nflu of\] k\|ltj\]bg tof/ kfg\]{ pQ/bfloTj lng\'eof\] .

;g\\ @))%sf\] of\] k\|ltj\]bgn\] h\'nfO{ !, @))\$ b\]lv h\"g #),
@))%sf\] ;dofjlwnfO{ lnPsf\] 5 / o;df ljb\]z ljefu, s\"6gLlts ;\]jf /
cd\]l/sL ;/sf/sf ;of}+hgf kbflwsf/Lx?n\] jif{el/ bQlrQ eP/ u/\]sf k\|of;
k\|ltljlDat ePsf\] 5 . oL k\|ltj\]bgx?sf k\|fylds d:of}bfx? tof/ kfg\]{
xfd\|f /fhb\"tfjf;x?n\] ;dLIff cjlw el/ g} ljleGg \>f\]tx?af6, h;df
;/sf/L kbflwsf/L tyf wfld{s ;+:yfsf JolQmx?, u}/--;/sf/L ;+:yfx?,
kqsf/x?, dfgj clwsf/ ko{j\]Ifsx?, wfld{s ;d\"xx? / k\|fl1s JolQmx? ;d\]t
kb{5g\\, cfjZos ;\"rgf hfgsf/L k\|fKt u/\] . o:tf\] ;\"rgf--hfgsf/L
;+sng ug\]{ sfo{ vt/fk\"0f{ x\'g ;S5 / cd\]l/sL ljb\]z;\]jfsf
clwsf/Lx?n\] lgoldt ¿kdf s\'g} s;/ afFsL g/fvL, a8f\] sl7g / slxn\]sf+xL
;Gqf;k\"0f{ cj:yfdf ;d\]t, dfgj clwsf/x?sf\] pNn+3g ePsf 36gfx? af/\]
5fgjLg ug\]{, r\'gfjx?sf\] ko{j\]If0f ug\]{ / cfk\\mgf wfld{s cf:yfx?sf
sf/0f hf\]lvddf k/\]sf JolQmx?sf\] nflu ;xof\]u k\'¥ofpg\] sfo{
ul//x\]sf x\'G5g\\ .

o; qmddf klxnf\] kN6, cd\]l/sL /fhb\"tfjf;x?n\] ;g\\ @))%sf\] d:of}bf
ljj/0f ;Lw} cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf lgof\]udf pknAw u/fP h;n\] of\]
k\|ltj\]bgnfO{ sfo{?k lbg\] k\"0f{ lhDd\]jf/L lgjf{x u¥of\] . lgof\]un\]
cfk\"m ;dIf k\|fKt ljj/0fx?nfO{ ;+of\]hg, ljZn\]if0f / ;Dkfbg ug\]{
qmddf, o;sf kbflwsf/Lx?n\] ljb\]z ljefu cGtu{tsf cGo sfof{nox?sf\]
ljz\]if1tfnfO{ pkof\]u ub}{ cd\]l/sL tyf cGo dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;d\"xx?,
ljb\]zL ;/sf/sf kbflwsf/Lx?, ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3sf ;fy} cGo cGt/f{li6«o tyf
If\]qLo ;+:yfx?sf k\|ltlglwx? Pj+ k\|fl1s tyf ;+rf/ If\]qsf
ljz\]ifb\"tx?af6 pknAw ljj/0fx?sf\] ;Gbe{ cfsng u/\]sf lyP . ;fy}
lgof\]usf kbflwsf/Lx?n\] wfld{s e\]befj / /fHoåf/f ul/g\] w/ks8sf
ljz\]if1x?, ;Dk\"0f{ wfld{s ;Dk\|bfosf g\]tfu0f / ljleGg sfg\"gL kIfsf
ljz\]if1x?;Fu klg k/fdz{ u/\]sf lyP . of\] k\|ltj\]bgsf\] lgb\]{zs
l;4fGtdf ;Dk\"0f{ ;fGble{s ;\"rgf--hfgsf/LnfO{ ;+ej eP;Dd j:t\'ut, Jofks
/ lgikIftfk\"j{s d\"NofÍg ul/g\] s\'/f ;\'lglZrt kfg\'{ /x\]sf\] lyof\]
.

of\] k\|ltj\]bgnfO{ efjL gLlt lgdf{0f ug{, s\"6gLlt ;\~rfng ug{, tyf
;xof\]u, k\|lzIf0f / cGo \>f\]t ;fwg kl/rfng ug{ ;xfos x\'g\]
;fdu\|Lsf\] ¿kdf k\|of\]u ul/g\] 5 . c=wf=:j=P\]gn\] lgwf{/0f u/\]
cg\';f/, of\] k\|ltj\]bgnfO{ To:tf b\]zx?nfO{ 5\'§\\ofpg\] lg0f{o ug\]{
cfwf/sf\] ¿kdf klg k\|of\]u ul/g\] 5 h;n\] wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] æpNn\]vgLo
¿kdf tLa\| pNn+3gÆ u/\]sf 5g\\ jf To:tf\] x\'g lbO/x\]sf 5g\\ . ;f\]
P\]gsf\] b\[li6df jf cGo 36gfx?;Fusf\] cltqmd0fdf hf\]l8Psf b\]zx?sf\]
gfd tf\]s\]/ of\] k\|ltj\]bgdf kl/ro v\'nfOPsf\] 5}g, t/ ltgLx?af/\]
cd\]l/sf ;/sf/n\] 5\'§} cfjZos sbd p7fpg\] u/\]sf\] 5 / p7fpg\] 5 . ;fy}
of\] k\|ltj\]bgn\] cGt/f{li6«o :t/d} dfGotf k\|fKt wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\]
clwsf/ pkef\]u ug\]{ s\'/fnfO{ a9fjf lbg cd\]l/sf ;/sf/sf\] ljleGg gLlh
:jtGq ;d\"xx?;Fu ;/;xof\]u ug\]{ cfwf/ pknAw u/fpg\] 5 .

**efiff k\|of\]uaf/\] Ps zAb**

s}of}+ k\|;Ëx?df, of\] cGt/fli6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|ltj\]bgdf s\'g} Pp6f
d\'n\'sn\] wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] clwsf/nfO{ æ;fdfGotof ;Ddfg u5{Æ eGg\]
pNn\]v ul/Psf\] 5 . æ;fdfGotof ;Ddfg u5{Æ eGg\] of\] jfSof+z lsg
k\|of\]u ul/Psf\] 5 eg\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] ;+/If0f / k\|j4{g ug\]{ s\'/f
Pp6f ultzLn k\|lqmof xf\]Ù s\'g} klg ;/sf/n\] o:tf clwsf/x?nfO{
lgM;Gb\]x¿kdf, k\"0f{tof ;Ddfg ub{5 eg\]/ b\'?:t;Fu pNn\]v ug{ ;lsGg,
h\'g s\'\'/f cToGt ;\'ud kl/l:yltx?df klg nfu\' x\'G5 . To;sf/0f,
æ;fdfGotof ;Ddfg u5{Æ eGg\] jfSof+z Pp6f To:tf\] dfgs kbfjnL xf\] h;nfO{
Jofks cy{df wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] ;+/If0f ug{ pGd\'v ;a} b\]zx?nfO{
a\'\'´fpg k\|of\]u ul/Psf\] 5 . o;/L æ;fdfGotof ;Ddfg u5{Æ eGg\]
jfSof+zn\] of\] k\|ltj\]bgdf wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|lt pRrtd :t/sf\] cfb/
lbPsf\] cy{ a\'\'\'´fpF5 .

ge\]Da/ \*, @))%df hf/L ul/Psf\] .

;g\\ @))%sf\] k\|ltj\]bg--**kl/ro**

**cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|ltj\]bg**

**k\|hftGq, dfgj clwsf/ tyf \>d sfof{noaf6 hf/L ul/Psf\]**

jflzª\\6g l8=l;=df cjl:yt XjfO6\\ xfp;af6 s\]jn b\'O{ v08x? k/ dfq}
/x\]sf /f\]gfN8 /\]ug ejg / cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ s\]Gb\|sf\] cufl8
cf\]:sf/ :6«fp;sf\] ;D´gfdf :yflkt Pp6f :df/s /x\]sf\] 5 hf\] aL;f}+
ztfAbLsf\] z\'?lt/sf Pshgf ljlzi6 cd\]l/sL /fhgLlt1 x\'g\'x\'GYof\] .
of\] d\'n\'ssf\] af/\]df \>L :6«fp;n\] h\'g ljifonfO{ lnP/ a8f\] cfb/
b\]vfpg\' x\'GYof\] To;nfO{ of\] :df/sdf :yflkt b\'O{j6f d\"lt{x?n\]
/fd\|l/ k\|ltlglwTj u/\]sf 5g\\, tL ljifox? x\'g\\ -- Psftkm{
Jofj;flostf k\|ltsf\] xfd\|f\] pRr ;Ddfg / csf\]{tkm{ wfld{s :jtGqf
k\|ltsf\] xfd\|f\] k\|ltj4tf . wfld{s :jtGqtf :df/ssf\] kL7df --hxfF
æGofoÆsL b\]jLsf\] o:tf\] d\"lt{ /x\]sf\] 5 h;sf kfv\'/f bz pkb\]zx?
-6\]g sdf08d\]G6;\\\_sf\] cfn\]vdf c**l**8/x\]sf 5g\\ -- ToxfF
s\'lbPsf\] lznfkqdf elgPsf\] 5M æk\"hf--cr{gf ug\]{ xfd\|f\] :jtGqtf
s;}n\] lbPsf\] 5\"6 jf ljz\]if ;\'ljwf geO{ of\] xfd\|f\] g};lu{s clwsf/
xf\] .Æ

\>L :6«fp;n\] of\] /fi6«df h\'g s\'/f b\]Vg\' eof\] / jxfFsf\] hLjg
k\|lt ;Ddfg b\]vfpg h--h;n\] Tof\] :df/s lgdf{0f u/fP tL k\|;Ëx?
cd\]l/sfsf\] ;du\| Oltxf;;Fu g} cleGg ¿kn\] hf\]l8Psf ljifoj:t\'x?sf
cfw\'lgs cleJolQmx? x\'g\\ . ;qf}+ ztfAbLdf o:tf cg\]sf}+ k\'?ifx? /
dlxnfx? b\]lvP h;n\] wfld{s sf/0faf6 pTkGg w/ks8af6 cfk\"mx?nfO{
pDsfpg\] k\|of; ub}{ hfFbf cfk\\mgf\] b\[9tf / lg/Gt/sf\] nugaf6
xfd\|f\] /fi6«sf\] ;d\[l4sf\] nflu hu klg a;fO{ lbP . c7f/f}+ ztfAbLdf
uP/, 6fd; h\]km;{g To:tf\] /fhg\]tfsf ¿kdf b\]vf k/\] h;n\] gjLgtd
j}1flgs pGgltx?af6 cfk\\mgf\] /fi6«n\] nfe p7fpg ;sf\];\\ eGg\] b\[9tf
cjnDjg u/\], / pgL :jo+n\] cd\]l/sfdf wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] ;+/If0f ug\]{
klxnf\] sfg\"gsf\] d:of}bf tof/ u/\] . h\]km;{gn\] n\]v\]sf 5g\\, æs\'g}
klg JolQmnfO{ s\'g} k\|sf/sf\] wfld{s cg\'i7fg jf ;Dk\|bfodf efu lng jf
;xof\]u k\'¥ofpg afWo kfl/g\] 5}g jf s;}n\] klg cfk\\mgf\] wfld{s ljrf/
jf cf:yfsf sf/0f s\'g} k\|sf/sf\] tf8gf ef\]Ug\' kg\]{ 5}g, t/ ;a}
dflg;x? wd{sf ljifox?df cfk\\mgf ljrf/x? ;\'gfpg tyf ts{af6 To;df
nflu/xg :jtGq x\'g\] 5g\\ .Æ

pGgfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf k\'Ubf, u\[xo\'4sf\] afbn d8/fO/x\]sf\] cj:yfdf,
/fi6«klt Ao\"sfggn\] sxL+ o:tf\] u\[xo\'4n\] ubf{ ;+;f/ el/ g} gful/s
tyf wfld{s :jtGqtf ;Da4{g ub}{ hfg\] cd\]l/sfsf\] e\"ldsfdf sdL cfpg\] t
xf\]Og eGg\] uxg lrGtf k\|s6 ug\'{ ePsf\] lyof\] . / /fi6«klt o\'ln;\];
u\|fG6 g} To:tf\] /fhg\]tf x\'g\'x\'GYof\] h;n\] dxfljgf;sf/L u\[xo\'4
;lsP klg xfd\|f\] /fi6«sf\] k\'glg{df{0f ug\]{ sl7g sfo{sf\] of\]hgf
ub}{ hfFbf wfld{s :jtGqtfnfO{ wg--;DklQsf\] ;\'/IffnfO{ hlQs} hf\]8
lb+b} æ;jf{lws hg;d\'bfosf\] ;jf{lws enfO{Æ ;\'lglZrt kfg{sf nflu geO{
gx\'g\] ljifosf ¿kdf k\|:t\'t ug\'{eof\] .

PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf\] k\|f/Dedf cfOk\'Ubf, ;+o\'Qm /fHo cd\]l/sfsf
gful/sx?n\] cfk\\mgf\] wfld{s :jtGqtfnfO{ cfly{s pGgltsf\] af6f\] kfpg\]
cfk\\mgf\] clwsf/nfO{ hlQ g} lg/Gt/sf\] dxTj lbOg} /x\]sf 5g\\ .
/fi6«klt hh{ 8ANo\"= a\';n\] xfd\|f\] ;dfhdf of\] cfwf/e\"t clwsf/ k\|lt
uxg cf:yf /x\]sf\] s\'/fdf ;r\]t /xg xfdLx?nfO{ cfu\|x ug\'{ ePsf\] 5 .
jxfFn\] eGg\'ePsf\] 5, æxfd\|f\] /fi6«sf ;+:yfksx?n\] Pp6f :yL/ / :yfoL
;+3Lo /fHosf nflu wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] dxTj /fd\|l/ a\'´\]sf lyP .
xfd\|f\] ;+ljwfgn\] JolQm--JolQmx?n\] cf--cfk\\mgf\] rfxgf cg\';f/
k\"hf--cr{gf ug{ kfpg\] clwsf/sf\] ;+/If0f ub{5 . cfh klg xfdL xfd\|f\]
;dfhdf wfld{s cf:yfaf6 k\|\]l/t JolQmx?n\] k\'¥ofpFb} cfPsf dxTjk\"0f{
of\]ubfgx?sf\] ;x«gL ub\]{ /x\]sf 5f}+ . xfd\|f\] k\|of; To:tf\] ;dfhsf
nflu lgb\]{lzt x\'G5 h;n\] k\|f0fL hut / x/\]s JolQmsf\] cf:yfnfO{ ;Ddfg
ub{5 . h;/L xfdLn\] Pp6f hLjGt ax\'njfbL ;dfhnfO{ arfO /fv\]sf 5f}+,
o;/L g} xfdL cf:yfdf cfwfl/t ;+3--;+:yfx? cfk\\mgf\] cf:yfdf ;dlk{t
JolQm--JolQm k\|lt ;dfg Jojxf/ ;\'lglZrt u/fpg sfo{/t 5f}+ .

;+;f/ el/ g} wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] kIfdf ;lqmotf;fy nflu kg\]{ cd\]l/sfsf\]
b\[9tf xfd\|f\] Oltxf;n\] ubf{ ;anLs\[t x\'Fb} cfPsf\] 5, t/ of\] s\'/f
To:tf\] æg};lu{s clwsf/Æ;Fu hf\]l8Psf\] 5 h;nfO{ cf\]:sf/ :6«fp;n\] pRr
d\"NofÍg u/\]sf lyP . cfh xfdL of\] d\"ne\"t :jtGqtfnfO{ cg\]sf}+
cGt/f{li6«o cle;lGwx?df ;dfj\]z ePsf\] kfpFb5f}+, h:t} dfgj clwsf/sf\]
ljZjJofkL 3f\]if0ffkq . ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3 a8fkqsf\] wf/f !\*df elgPsf\]
5, æx/\]s JolQmnfO{ ljrf/, :jljj\]s / wfld{s :jtGqtf pkof\]u ug\]{
clwsf/ k\|fKt x\'G5Ù of\] clwsf/ leq cfk\\mgf\] wd{ jf cf:yf kl/jt{g
ug\]{ :jtGqtf, / PSn} jf c?;Fu ldn\]/ ;fd\'bflos ¿kdf tyf ;fj{hlgs jf
gLlh ¿kdf c?nfO{ l;sfP/, cEof; u/\]/, k\"hf--cr{gf / cg\'i7fg u/\]/
cfk\\mgf\] wfld{s ljZjf; jf cf:yf k\|s6 ug\]{ :jtGqtf /xG5 .Æ /fi6«klt
a\'zsf\] zAbdf eGg\] xf\] eg\], wfld{s :jtGqtf ædfgj cfTdfsf\] klxnf\]
:jtGqtf xf\] -- of\] To:tf\] clwsf/ xf\] h; cGtu{t xfdL OZj/n\] xfd\|f\]
jf0fLdf /flvlbPsf zAbnfO{ af\]n\]/ k\|s6 ub{5f}+ . xfdLn\] xfd\|f\]
b\]zdf To:tf\] :jtGqtfsf\] kIfdf pleg\' kb{5 . xfdLn\] ljZj el/ g}
To:tf\] :jtGqtfsf\] kIfdf af\]Ng\' k5{ .Æ of\] cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s
:jtGqtf jflif{s k\|ltj\]bgn\] l7s oxL p2\]Zo k\'/f ug\]{ nIo /fv\]sf\] 5
.

cfh wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] kIfdf cfjfh lgsfNg lsg cfjZos ePsf\] 5 eg\]
s}of}+ b\]zsf ;/sf/x?n\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] ljZjJofkL 3f\]if0ffkq / cGo
;lGwx? k\|lt /xg\] cfk\\mgf\] bfloTjx? k\|lt cf\]7\] elQm dfq b\]vfpg\]
u/\]sf 5g\\ . t/ cfhsf\] xfd\|f\] ljZjdf wfld{s :jtGqtf lj?4 xfFs
k\'¥ofpg\]df bdgsf/L ;/sf/x?dfq kb}{gg\\ . o;df oL lx+;\|s pu\|jfbLx?
klg kb{5g\\ hf\] :jtGqtfsf\] nflu lg/Gt/ hf/L ;+3if{df xfd\|f\]
k\':tfsf\] nflu Pp6f k\|d\'v j}/Lsf\] ¿kdf /x\]sf 5g\\ . wfld{s
:jtGqtfsf\] kIfdf hfoh¿kn\] dfu ug\]{x?nfO{ xfdLn\] ;fy lb+b} ubf{
xfdLn\] To:tf ;d\"xx? lj?4 klg b\[9tf;fy pleg\'k5{ h;sf\] 3\[0ff
km}nfpg\] ljrf/wf/fx?n\] dfgj d\'lQm / nf\]stGq lj?4 cj/f\]w k\'¥ofpg\]
sfd ub{5g\\ .

wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] l:ylt eGg\] s\'/fsf\] cfk\\mg} lx;fan\] dfq dxTj
/xg\] xf\]Ogls o;n\] a\[xb\\ dfgj ;dfhdf ck\]lIft ;xgzLntf / l:y/tfsf\]
:t/nfO{ ;d\]t k\|ltljlDat u5{ . wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] pkef\]u ug{ kfpg\]
s\'/fn\] cGo ljifosf clwsf/x? pkef\]u ug\]{ s\'/fx?df klg ;xof\]u
k\'¥ofpFb5, h;df jfs\\:jtGqtf, ;ef--;Dd\]ng ug\]{ :jtGqtf / :jljj\]s
cg\';/0f ug\]{ :jtGqtf kb{5g\\ . ha wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] af6f\] km}ln+b}
hfG5, Tolta\]nf k\|hftGqsf\] pkef\]u a9\]sf\] x\'G5 . xfd\|f\]
d\'\'n\'ssf\] Oltxf;n\] wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|lt lg/Gt/ ¿kdf uxg / lj:t\[t
lsl;dn\] h\'g ;3g k\|lta4tf b\]vfpFb} cfPsf\] 5 To;af6 k\|dfl0ft tYon\]
xfdLnfO{ cfk\"mn\] xfl;n u/\]sf\] wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] ;+/If0f ug{ / cGo
;/sf/x?af6 klg o; ;DaGwdf pRr dfgs :t/ sfod ug{ pT;flxt u/fpg k\|\]l/t
ub{5 . o;af/\]sf\] xfd\|f\] cfk\\mgf\] /\]s8{ pQd eg\] 5}g . t}klg
xfd\|f ck\"0f{tfx?n\] of\] ljZjJofkL clwsf/ ;Dk\"0f{ dfgjhfltnfO{
jf:tljs ¿kd} pknAw u/fpg\' kg\]{ r\'gf}tLaf6 xfdLnfO{ ljd\'v x\'g\]
cfwf/ pknAw u/fpg ;Sb}gg\\ . /fi6«klt a\';n\] eGg\' ePsf\] 5, æha
;+o\'Qm /fHo cd\]l/sfn\] :jtGqtfsf\] kIfnfO{ cufl8 a9fO/x\]sf\] x\'G5,
xfdLn\] :d/0f ul//xG5f}+ ls :jtGqtf eGg\] s\'/f cd\]l/sfn\] ljZjsf nflu
k\|bfg u/\]sf\] pkxf/ xf\]Og, of\] t ljZjel/sf k\|To\]s k\'?if tyf
dlxnfsf nflu O{Zj/sf\] j/bfg xf\] . o;} tYon\] xfdLn\] x/\]s If\]qsf
hgtfn\] wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|fKt ug\]{ / ;a}sf nflu c´ pGgt, c? rxsbf/ / c´
a9L zflGtk\"0f{ eljio lgdf{0f ug\]{ sfo{df ;xof\]u k\'¥ofpg\] k\|of; ug{
xfdLnfO{ lgb\]{lzt u/\]sf\] 5 .Æ

**jflif{s k\|ltj\]bg**

cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf P\]g !((\*n\] Joj:yf u/\] cg\'¿k of\] jflif{s
k\|ltj\]bg cd\]l/sL ljb\]z ;\]jf tyf ljb\]z ljefusf clwsf/Lx? Pj+ ljb\]z
l:yt cd\]l/sL lgof\]usf ;of}+hgf clws\[tx?sf\] jif{el/sf\] k\|of;af6
tof/ kfl/Psf\] xf\] . ljb\]zsf ljleGg 7fpFx?df sfo{/t xfd\|f dfgjclwsf/
kbflwsf/Lx? tyf cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf lgsfosf clws\[tx? h;nfO{
k\|hftGq, dfgj clwsf/ tyf \>d sfof{no Pj+ ljb\]z ljefusf ljleGg If\]qLo
sfof{nox?sf ;xsdL{x?af6 ;xof\]u k\|fKt eof\], jxfFx? ;a}df of\]
k\|ltj\]bgnfO{ k\"0f{tf lbg jxfFx?af6 k\'u\]sf\] of\]ubfgsf\] \>\]o
/x\]sf\] 5 .

of\] k\|ltj\]bgsf\] p2\]Zo tL ;/sf/x?sf Jojxf/x?sf\] clen\]v agfpg\'
xf\] --h;n\] wfld{s cleJolQm k\|lt bdg u/\]sf 5g\\, lgbf\]{if cg\'ofoLx?
lj?4 w/ks8 u/\]sf 5g\\, jf wfld{s cNk;+Vosx? lj?4 x\'g\] oftgf k\|lt
j\]jf:tf u/\]sf 5g\\, ;fy} To:tf sfo{x?sf\] klg clen\]v agfpg\' xf\] h;
cGtu{t wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] ;Ddfg\\, ;+/If0f / k\|j4{g x\'g k\'u\]sf\] 5 .

of\] k\|ltj\]bgn\] pbfË kfl/lbPsf\] b\'MvnfUbf\] tYo s\] 5 eg\] bzf}+nfv
;+Vofsf ljleGg wdf{jnDaLx?n\] cf--cfk\\mgf\] wfld{s cf:yfsf jf wfld{s
cg\'i7fgsf sf/0f si6 ef\]uL /xg\'k/\]sf\] 5 / cg\]sf}+ ;/sf/x?n\] of\]
clwsf/sf\] dfGotf lbg jf To;sf\] ;+/If0f ug{ c:jLsf/ u/\]sf 5g\\ . oqf\]
7\"nf\] ;+Vofsf dflg;x?n\] lk6fO{, oftgf, h\]n / d\[To\';Dd klg vKg tof/
ePsf\] tYon\] wfld{s cf:yfsf\] cld6 k\|efj k\|dfl0ft ub{5 . xfd\|f\]
cfzf 5 pgLx?sf\] dfld{s cj:yfsf\] clen\]v tof/ kfb}{ of\] k\|ltj\]bgn\]
cf:yfsf sf/0f b\'Mvsi6 vKg\] tL JolQmx?sf cbDo ;fx;nfO{ k\|dfl0ft
ul/lbg\] / ljZj el/ g} nf\]stGq tyf :jtGqtfsf kIfdf pleg\] xfdLx? ;a}sf
nflu Pp6f r\'gf}tL k\|:t\'t ug\]{ sfo{ Ps} ;fy k\'/f ug{ ;s\]sf\] 5 .
ljb\]z dGqL sf\]08f\]lnhf /fO;n\] of\] jif{sf\] z\'?lt/g} cfk\\mgf\]
dfld{s dGtJo o;/L k\|s6 ug\'{ eof\], æ:jtGqtfsf\] pkef\]u ug\]{ lx;fan\]
;xL kf6f\]lt/ a:g\] ;f}efUo kfPsf xfdL ;a}sf\] :jtGqtfsf\] pkof\]usf
b\[li6n\] csf\]{ kf6f\]lt/ hGdg k\'u\]sf efUoxLg JolQmx¿nfO{ ;xof\]u
k\'¥ofpg\] bfloTj /xG5 .Æ

**cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf lgsfo**

cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtfsf nflu ljz\]ifb\"tn\] /fi6«klt tyf
ljb\]zdGqLnfO{ ljZjJofkL ¿kdf wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|j4{g ug\]{ ljifodf
k\|d\'v ;Nnfxsf/sf\] e\"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5g\\ . jxfFx¿sf\] lgb\]{zgdf
ljb\]z ljefu, cd\]l/sL ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfox? / ljb\]zl:yt cd\]l/sL
lgof\]ux?sf ;xsdL{x?;Fu lgs6 ;Dks{df /xL cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf
lgsfon\] wfld{s :jtGqtf ;DaGwL cd\]l/sL gLltsf\] sfof{Gjog u5{ h;af6
wfld{s :jtGqtfsf ;d:ofx?df cTolws dfqfsf s\'6gLlts pkfox? k\|of\]u x\'g
;s\"g\\ . ljb\]zL ;/sf/x?;Fu cf}krfl/s Pj+ cgf}krfl/s k/fdz{ ub}{,
;+o\'Qm /fi6« ;+3 Pj+ o\"/f\]k\]nL ;\'/Iff tyf ;xof\]u ;+3 h:tf
ax\'kIfLo ;+:yfx?;Fu ;xsfo{ ub}{, dfgjclwsf/jfbL tyf cf:yf s\]lGb\|t
u}/--;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;Fu ;xof\]u ub}{, clg b\'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8t JolQmx?;Fu
e\]63f6 ub}{ xfdLx?n\] hxfFsxL+af6 klg yfxf x\'g cfPsf\] w/ks8 k\|lt
cfjZos Wofg lbg\] /0fgLltx? agfpg\] / nfu\' ug\]{ ub{5f}+ .

xfdLn\] *cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf jflif{s k\|ltj\]bg*sf\] of\] ;ftf}+
;+:s/0f hf/L ug{ nfUbf d /fi6«klt a\'z / ljb\]zdGqL /fO;af6 o; ljifodf
k\|fKt ePsf\] ;Ifd tyf hfu¿s g\]t\[Tj Pj+ s+u\|\];af6 pknAw ePsf\]
låkIfLo ;dy{g k\|lt cfkm\\gf\] cfef/ k\|s6 ug{ rfxG5\' . ;fy} xfdL ;a}
tL ;Dk\"0f{ dxfg\'efjx? k\|lt s\[t1 5f}+ hf\] kLl8tx?sf\] tkm{af6
u}/--;/sf/L ;+:yfx?df sfo{/t eO/xg\' ePsf\] 5 . k\"j{ /fi6«klt /f\]gfN8
/\]ugn\] PskN6 eGg\'ePsf\] lyof\], æ:jtGqtf eGg\] s\'/f Tolta\]nf
df}nfpF5 ha wd{ ;zQm ePsf\] x\'G5 / O{Zj/sf\] cwLgdf sfg\"gsf\] zf;g
/xg\] s\'/f :jLsf/ ul/G5 .Æ xfdL clxn\] To:tf\] eljio k\|lt b\[li6
lbO/x\]sf 5f}+ h;df ;a}n\] ;Rrf ¿ksf\] wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] cfgGb p7fpg
;Sg\]5g\\ tfklg xfnsf\] xfd\|f\] sfo{n\] ;+o\'Qm ¿kdf ljZjel/sf tL
dxfg\'efjx? k\|lt ;Ddfg ub{5 h;n\] o;cl3 cf\]:sf/ :6«fp; / /fi6«klt
/\]ugn\] h:t} of\] g};lu{s clwsf/sf\] ;Dk\"0f{ cy{ a\'em\]sf 5g\\ .

hf\]g eL= XofGkmf\]8{ t\[tLo, cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] nflu
ljz\]if b\"t

ge\]Da/ \*, @))% df hf/L ul/Psf\]

**g\]kfn**

**cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|ltj\]bg @))%**

**k\|hftGq, dfgjclwsf/ tyf \>d sfof{noaf6 hf/L ul/Psf\]**

g\]kfnsf\] ;+ljwfgn\] wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5 / \>L %sf\]
;/sf/n\] ;fdfGotof Jojxf/df wfld{s clwsf/sf\] ;Ddfg ub{5 . ;+ljwfgn\]
of\] d\'n\'snfO{ ælxGb\" clw/fHoÆ eg\]/ atfPsf\] 5 tfklg o;n\] lxGb\"
wd{nfO{ /fHo wd{sf\] ¿kdf :yfkgf u/\]sf\] 5}g . \>L %sf\] ;/sf/n\] cGo
wd{x?sf\] cg\'kfngf ug\]{ s\'/fdf ;fwf/0ftof x:tIf\]k u/\]sf\] 5}g /
wfld{s ;xgzLntf Jofks k\|of\]udf /x\]sf\] 5Ù t}klg sltko aGb\]hx?
/flvPsf 5g\\ .

o; k\|ltj\]bgsf\] ;dLIff cjlwdf wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] ;Ddfg ug\]{ l:yltdf
s\'g} kl/jt{g ePg / \>L %sf\] ;/sf/sf\] gLltn\] ;fdfGotof :jtGq ¿kn\]
wfld{s Jojxf/ cg\'kfngf ug\]{ s\'/fdf ;xof\]u k\'¥ofpg\] sfd ul//x\\of\]
. x\'g t \>L % 1fg\]Gb\|af6 xfn hf/L dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xsf\]
k\[i7e\"lddf km/j/Ldf k\|wfgdGqL z\]/axfb\'/ b\]pafnfO{ avf{:t u/L
;/sf/sf\] lgoGq0f lnOaS;\]sf\] lyof\], df};\"kmsf\] of\] sf/jfxLn\]
wfld{s :jtGqtfdf k\|i6 ¿ksf\] s\'g} k\|efj k/\]g .

wd{ kl/jt{g ug\]{ u/fpg\] s\'/fdf k\|ltaGw /x\]sf\] 5 .

cNk;+Vos wfld{s ;d\"xsf ;b:ox?n\] a\]nfa\]nfdf k\|x/Laf6 em}+--emd\]nf
u/fOPsf\] hfx\]/L u/\]sf 5g\\ .

clwsf/Lx?n\] ltAatL ;d\'bfoaf6 ul/g vf\]h\]sf clwsf+z ;fj{hlgs
pT;jx?nfO{ vf; 7fpFdf dfq ug{ kfpg\] u/L lgolGqt u/\]sf 5g\\ . hgj/Ldf
\>L %sf\] ;/sf/n\] k\|jf;df /xFb} cfpg\'ePsf ltAatL cfWoflTds g\]tf
bnfO{ nfdf;Fu ;Da4 lagfbtf{ sfd ub}{ cfPsf sf7df08f} l:yt b\'O{j6f
sfof{nox?nfO{ aGb u/fof\] . \>L %sf\] ;/sf/sf\] bfjf lyof\] tL
sfof{nox?nfO{ lsg aGb ul/of\] eg\] pgLx?n\] ;Dk\"0f{ u}/--;/sf/L
;+:yfx?n\] btf{ u/fpg\'k5{ eGg\] sfg\"gsf\] kfngf u/\]sf lyPgg\\ .

g\]kfnL ;dfhdf ljleGg wd{x? aLr cfk;df ljBdfg ;fdfGotof ;f}xfb\|k\"0f{
;DaGwn\] wfld{s :jtGqtfdf ;xof\]u k\'¥ofPsf\] 5 . b\]zdf k\|rlnt
cg\]sf}+ wd{sf cg\'ofoLx? ;fdfGotof cfk;df zflGtk\"j{s a;f\]af; ug\]{ /
;Dk\"0f{ wfld{s :ynx? k\|lt cfb/ b\]vfpg\] ub{5g\\ . cfkm\\gf\] wd{
kl/Tofu u/L csf\]{ wd{ dfGg yfn\]sfx?n\] obfsbf lx+;fsf 36gfx? ;fdgf
ug\'{kg\]{ / a\]nfa\]nfdf ;fdflhs lgGbf ef\]Ug\'kg\]{ x\'g ;S5, t/
pgLx?n\] cfkm\"n\] gofF ckgfPsf\] wd{af/\] ;fj{hlgs :jLsf/ ug{ ;fdfGotof
8/ dfGg\' kb}{g .

cd\]l/sf ;/sf/n\] \>L %sf\] ;/sf/;Fu cfkm\\gf\] dfgjclwsf/ k\|j4{g ug\]{
Jofks gLltsf\] c+usf ¿kdf wfld{s :jtGqtfsf k\|Zgx?df 5nkmn ub{5 .
cd\]l/sL /fhb\"tfjf;n\] lxGb\", O;fO{, af}4, ox\'bL tyf cGo wfld{s
;d\"xx?;Fu ;Dks{ sfod ul//xG5 .

**v08 != wd{sf\] lx;fan\] hg;+Vof l:ylt**

d\'n\'ssf\] s\"n If\]qkmn %\$,#\^# ju{dLn 5 / oxfFsf\] hg;+Vof sl/a
\@s/f\]8 \$\*nfv /x\]sf\] 5 . s\"n hg;+Vofsf\] sl/a \*!k\|ltztn\] lxGb\"
wd{ dfGb5g\\Ù !!k\|ltztn\] af}4 wd{, \$=@k\|ltzn\] d\'l:nd wd{ /
\$k\|ltztn\] ls/fFt -:yfgLo k\|s\[ltk\"hs wd{\_ / cGo wd{ dfGb5g\\,
h;dWo\] O;fO{ wd{ dfGg\]x?sf\] ;+Vof )=\$% /x\]sf\] 5 . O;fO{
;Dk\|bfox?sf\] ;+Vof yf\]/} t/ a9\\bf\] qmddf /x\]sf\] 5 . O;fO{
wd{u\'?x?n\] lbPsf\] cg\'dfg cg\';f/ O;fO{ wd{ dfGg\]x?sf\] ;+Vof nueu
\$,)),))) k\'u\]sf\] 5 . k\|\]; l/kf\]6{x?n\] b\]vfP cg\';f/ sf7df08f}df
dfq} !&)j6f O;fO{ rr{x? sfo{/t 5g\\ . cGo wfld{s ;d\"xx?sf\] lj:tf/
s:tf\] /x\]sf\] 5 ;f\]sf\] clen\]v lbg cln sl7g 5 lsgls kl5Nnf\] hgu0fgf
;g\\ @))!df ePsf\] lyof\] .

**v08 @= wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] l:ylt**

**sfg\"gL÷gLltut ;+/rgf**

d\'n\'ssf\] ;+ljwfgn\] wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5 / ;a} wd{x?sf\]
cg\'kfng ug\]{ cg\'dlt k\|fKt 5Ù t/ o;df sltko aGb\]hx? /x\]sf 5g\\ .
;+ljwfgn\] of\] d\'n\'snfO{ ælxGb\" clw/fHoÆ eg\]/ atfPsf\] 5 tfklg
o;n\] lxGb\"wd{nfO{ /fHowd{sf\] ¿kdf :yfkgf u/\]sf\] 5}g . s}of}+
bzsb\]lv of\] d\'n\'sdf bh{gf}+ ld;gl/ c:ktfnx? sNof0fsf/L ;+:yfx?, /
ljBfnox? ;\~rflnt x\'Fb}cfPsf 5g\\ . oL ;+:yfx?n\] wd{--k\|rf/ ug\]{ /
wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg\] sfo{ u/\]sf 5}gg\\ / logLx? :jtGq¿kdf ;\~rflnt
eO/x\]sf 5g\\ . of\] d\'n\'ssf ld;gl/ ljBfnox? dfWolds lzIffsf ;+:yfx?
dWo\] ;aeGbf a9L cfb/k\|fKt ljBfnosf ¿kdf /x\]sf 5g\\, of\] d\'n\'ssf\]
;/sf/L ;\]jf / Jofkf/--Joj;fosf k\|d\'v x:tLx? dWo\] w\]/} hgfn\] O;fO{
h\]h\'O6 dfWolds ljBfnodf lzIff k\|fKtu/\]sf lyP . cg\]sf}+ ljb\]zL
O:ffO{ ;+3--;+:yfx?sf\] g\]kfnsf rr{x?;Fu k\|ToIf ;DaGwx? /x\]sf 5g\\ /
logLx?n\] g\]kfnsf O;fO{ wd{--u\'?x?nfO{ ljb\]zdf wfld{s k\|lzIf0fsf
nflu k\|aGw ldnfpF5g\\ . kf\]k hf\]g kfpn låtLosf\] lgwgdf wd{u\'? kf\]k
k\|lt ;Ddfg k\|s6 ug{ \>L %sf\] ;/sf/n\] Pslbg ;/sf/L ´08f cfwf
´\'sfpg\] cfb\]z lbPsf\] lyof\] .

sltko wfld{s kljq lbgx?nfO{, oL dWo\] w\]/} h;f\] lxGb\" wfld{s lbgx?
kb{5g\\, /fli6«o ljbfsf lbgdf dfGotf lbOPsf\] 5 . logdf dxflzj/fqL, a\'4
hoGtL, kmfu\' k\"l0f{df, s\[i0f ci6dL, bz}+ / ltxf/ kb{5g\\ .

;fj{hlgs ljBfnox?df wd{sf\] lzIff lbO+b}g .

\>L %sf\] ;/sf/n\] ljleGg wd{x? aLr cfk;L ;d´bf/L a;fpg\] s\'g}
cf}krfl/s gLlt agfPsf\] 5}g .

wd{kl/jt{g ug\]{ s\'/fnfO{ cj}wtfsf\] sf\]6Ldf /flvPsf\]n\], cf}krfl/s
¿kdf g\]kfndf s\'g} ljb\]zL ld;g/Lx? 5}gg\\ .

**wfld{s :jtGqtfdf aGb\]hx?**

b\]zsf\] sfg\"gn\] s;}sf\] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg / wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg\]
p2\]Zon\] k\|rf/ ug{ lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5Ù To:tf\] ultljlw rnfPdf cfly{s
hl/jfgf jf h\]n ;hfo x\'g;S5, jf ;f\] sfo{ ug\]{ ljb\]zLx? ePdf
pgLx?nfO{ b\]zlgsfnf ul/g ;S5 . t/ JolQmut tj/df cfk\\mgf\] wd{ kl/jt{g
ug{ 5\'6 5 .

cNk;+Vos wfld{s ;d\'xsf ;b:ox?n\] a\]nfa\]nfdf k\|x/Låf/f ´}+--´dnf
u/fOPsf\] hfx\]/L u/\]sf 5g\\ . sltko O;fO{ ;d\"xx?n\] s\] lrGtf k\|s6
u/\]sf 5g\\ eg\] wd{ kl/jt{g tyf k\|rf/df nufOPsf\] k\|ltjGwn\]
u}/--lxGb\" wfld{s cf:yfsf\] cleJolQmdf cj/f\]w k\'¥ofPsf\] 5 . \>L
%sf\] ;/sf/n\] wd{--k\|rf/--wd{ kl/jt{g ;DaGwL l/kf\]6{x? af/\] hfFra\'´
u/fpF5 . of\] ;dLIff cjlwdf wd{kl/jt{g u/\]sf\] jf wd{ k\|rf/ u/\]sf\]
s\'/fnfO{ lnP/ ;hfo lbOPsf 36gfx?sf\] ljj/0f k\|fKt ePgg\\ . clk\|n
@&tfl/vdf, k\|x/Ln\] Pshf\]8L bDkltnfO{ kqmfp u/L pgLx?n\] anhkm\\tL
afn--aflnsfx?sf\] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fPsf eGg\] l/kf\]6{x? af/\] 5fgjLg
u¥of\]Ù k\|x/Ln\] pgLx?nfO{ dO{ dlxgfsf\] (tfl/vdf l/xf u¥of\] .
u}/--;/sf/L ;+:yfx? ‑u};;\_ jf JolQmx? hf\] s;}n\] klg :jtGq ¿kdf cGo
JolQmx? jf ;+3;+:yfx? pk/ wd{ kl/jt{g u/fPsf\]--u/fpg vf\]h\]sf\]
cf/f\]k btf{ u/fpg ;S5g\\ .

O;fO{ ;d\"xx?n\] lbPsf\] ljj/0f cg\';f/ ;/sf/L kbflwsf/Lx? To:tf\] s\'g}
klg wfld{s ;+:yfx?nfO{ btf{ ug{ c:jLsf/ u5{g\\ h\'g ;+:yfsf\]
gfpF--zLif{sx?df ælh;;, afOan lqmlZrog jf rr{Æ h:tf zAbx? k/\]sf
x\'G5g\\ . oL ;d\"xx?sf\] egfO 5 ls btf{ geOsg o:tf ;+3--;+:yfx?sf\]
:jfldTjdf hUuf--hldg /xg kfpFb}g h\'g ls rr{x? jf ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?sf\] zj
uf8\\g\] 7fpF agfpgsf nflu cfjZos k5{ . t/ cfkm\\gf\] ;+:yfsf\]
gfpF--zLif{sx?df O;fO{ zAbx? x6fP/ sltko ;d\"xx?n\] cfkm\\gf ;+3
;:yfx?sf\] btf{ u/fO{ cfkm\\gf\] wfld{s cf:yf dflg/x\]sf 5g\\ . sltko
O;fO{x?n\] cfkm\\gf\] lbjª\\ut ;b:ox?sf\] sf7df08f} l:yt ;dflwIf\]qdf /
b\]zsf c? 7fpFx?df clGtd ;+:sf/ u/fpF5g\\ eg\] c?n\] rflx+ zjnfO{
hnfpg\] u5{g\\ . lghfdlt sd{rf/Lx?n\] cf--cfkm\\gf\] cf:yf cg\';f/
wfld{s ljbfx? lng kfpF5g\\ / gLlh 7fpFdf a;\]/ lagf ;/sf/L x:tIf\]k
wfld{s pT;j dgfpg ;S5g\\ .

ltAatL af}4x?n\] cfkm\\gf\] pT;j--;df/f\]xx? dgfpFbf cg\]sf}+
aGb\]hx?sf\] ;fdgf ug\'{ kl//x\]sf\] 5 . :yfgLo clwsf/Lx?n\] ;fdfGotof
ltAatL wfld{s pT;jx?nfO{ gLlh cfjf;--hUufx?df dgfpg ;Sg\] u/L ;Ldf
tf\]lslbg\] u5{g\\ . sf7df08f}sf k\|x/Ln\] ltAatLx?nfO{ k\|jf;df /x\]sf
ltAatL cfWoflTds g\]tf bnfO{ nfdfsf\] t:jL/x?nfO{ lnP/ wfld{s
;df/f\]xsf\] cª\\usf ¿kdf af}4gfy :t\'ksf\] jl/kl/ 3\'Db} gofF jif{
dgfpgdf /f\]s nufP . \>L %sf\] ;/sf/n\] ;a} k\|sf/sf :yfgLo ltAatL pT;j
;df/f\]xx?nfO{ -o;df ltAatL gofF jif{, bnfO{ nfdfsf\] hGdlbj;, k\|hftGq
lbj;, / cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ lbj;÷bnfO{ nfdfn\] gf\]a\]n zflGt
k\'/:sf/ k\|fKt u/\]sf\] xif{a9fO 5g\\\_ gLlh 7fpFx?df ‑ljBfno kl/;/ jf
u\'DafIf\]qdf\_ ug{ kfpg\] u/L ;Lldt ul/lbPsf\] 5 . hgj/Ldf \>L %sf\]
;/sf/n\] bnfO{ nfdf;Fu ;Da4 lagfbtf{ sf7df08f}df sfd ub}{ cfPsf b\'O{j6f
sfof{nox?nfO{ aGb ul/lbof\]Ù o;df bnfO{ nfdfsf\] k\|ltlglwsf\] sfof{no /
ltAatL z/0ffyL{ sNof0f sfof{no /x\]sf lyP . of\] sNof0f sfof{non\]
@),))) hgfeGbf a9L ltAatL z/0ffyL{x?sf\] x\]/rfx ub{5 hf\] ;g\\ !(%!df
bnfO{ nfdfn\] ltAat 5f8\]/ uPkl5 cfkm\\gf\] hGd:yfg 5f8L lx+8\]sf lyP .
\>L %sf\] ;/sf/sf\] bfjf lyof\] tL sfof{nox?n\] ;a} vfn\] u};;x?, wfld{s
jf cGo k\|s\[ltsf ;a}n\] btf{ u/fpg\'kg\]{ sfg\"gsf\] kfngf gu/\]sfn\]
ltgLx?nfO{ aGb u/fOPsf\] lyof\], / z/0ffyL{ sNof0f sfof{non\] eg\] ;f\]
sfg\"gsf\] cfjZostf k\"/f ug\]{ lx;fan\] btf{ ug\]{ k\|lqmofdf nfu\]sf\]
lyof\] . \>L %sf\] ;/sf/n\] of\] btf{ k\|lqmof rNb} ubf{ cGo
;+3--;+:yfx? / JolQmx?af6 z/0ffyL{x?sf\] x\]/rfx hf/L /fVg cg\'dlt
lbPsf\] 5 .

d\'l:nd wfld{s ljBfnox? jf db/;fx?n\], t/ dl:hbx?n\] eg\] xf\]Og, :yfgLo
lhNnf k\|zf;g sfof{nox?df -h\'g u\[xdGqfnos} cª\\u xf\]\_ clgjfo{ ¿kdf
btf{ u/fO{ cfkm\\gf\] sfo{ hf/L /fVgsf nflu pgLx?nfO{ k\|fKt x\'g\]
cfly{s \>f\]tx?sf\] hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg\' k5{ . sltko d\';ndfg
g\]tfx?n\] of\] sbdnfO{ e\]befjk\"0f{ eg\]/ cfnf\]rgf u/\] . t/ btf{
u/fpg} kg\]{ lgodnfO{ nfu\' ul/Psf\] 5}g . d\';ndfgx?nfO{ xh tLy{ofqfdf
;xefuL x\'g /f\]s nufOPsf\] 5}g, t/ o:tf\] ofqfsf nflu ;/sf/n\] cg\'bfg
lb+b}g . O;fO{x?n\] h:t}, lghfdlt ;\]jfsf d\';ndfgx?n\] cfkm\\gf\]
wfld{s kj{x?df ljbf lng ;S5g\\ / cfkm\\gf\] gLlh 3/--cfjf;df lagf ;/sf/L
x:tIf\]k pT;j dgfpg ;S5g\\ .

;+ljwfgn\] hft--hfltsf cfwf/df e\]befj ug{ /f\]s nufPsf\] 5Ù t}klg
;dfhdf hft k\|yfsf\] alnof\] k\|efj 5 . \>L %sf\] ;/sf/n\] hftLotfdf
cfwfl/t e\]befjnfO{ u}/--sfg\'gL eg\]/ hf\]8 lb+b}cfPsf\] 5 / ætNnf\]
hftsfÆ elgg\]x?sf nflu dlGb/ k\|j\]z ug{ kfpg\] cj;/ sltko 7fpFx?df
;\'w\|Fb}cfPsf\] 5, t}klg lxGb\" dlGb/x?df hft--kftdf cfwfl/t e\]befj
a/fa/ x\'g\] ub{5 hxfF sltko lxGb\" k\'hf/Lx?n\] c5\'tx?nfO{ k\|j\]z ug{
lb+b}gg\\ . tNnf\] hftsfx?n\] hLjgsf cGo cg\]sf}+ If\]qx?, h:t} lzIff,
/f\]huf/L / ljjfx nufotsf ljifox?df klg e\]befj cg\'ej ub{5g\\ . cGo
wfld{s ;d\'bfox?df hftLo e\]befjsf\] k\|yf 5}g . cg\]sf}+ lxGb\"
dlGb/x?df blIf0f Pl;ofnL d\"n aflx/sf dflg;x?nfO{ pgLx? lxGb\" gx\'g
lgs} ;Dej 5 eGg\] ljZjf;df dlGb/ k\|j\]zdf /f\]s nufOg\] ul/G5 .
5fkfvfgf tyf k\|sfzg P\]gn\] ljleGg hft--hflt jf wd{x? dfGg\] dflg;x?
aLr j}dg:o km}nfpg ;Sg\] ;fdu\|Lx?sf\] k\|sfzgdf /f\]s nufPsf\] 5 .

;g\\ @))\$sf\] ;\]K6\]Da/ !sf lbg, Pp6f O/fsL n8fs\' ;d\"xn\] O/fsdf
!@hgf k\|jf;L g\]kfnL sfdbf/x?sf\] xTof ul/lbPkl5 sf7df08f} tyf b\]zsf
cGo 7fpFdf lg:s\]sf\] lx+;fTds eL8n\] d\';ndfgx?sf k;n--Joj;fox? dl:hb
nufot Dofgkfj/ sDkgLx? / klqsf k\|sfzg u\[xx? pk/ lgzfgf agfof\] . o;
qmddf ;ft hgf dfl/Psf lyP h;dWo\] rf/hgf d\';ndfg ePsf\] jf To:tf\]
ePsf\] ljZjf; ul/Psfn\] dfl/Psf lyP . oL bª\\ufx? ePsf\] nuQ}, g\]kfnsf
k\|wfgdGqLn\] /fi6«JofkL ¿kdf ;Daf\]wg ub}{ ;a} gful/sx?;Fu ;fDk\|bflos
lx+;fdf gnfUg / wfld{s ;f}xfb\|{tf sfod ug{ cfu\|x ug\'{eof\] .
;/sf/åf/f u/fOPsf\] 5fglag kl5 s;}nfO{ kqmfp ul/Pg, t/ \>L %sf\]
;/sf/n\] bª\\ufaf6 k\|efljt Dofgkfj/ sDkgLx?nfO{ Ifltk\"lt{ k\|bfg
u¥of\] .

afa\'--cfdfx?n\] cfkm\\gf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ cfkm\"n\] 5fg\]sf\] wd{sf\]
lzIff lbg /f\]s nufOPsf\] 5}g, h;n\] s\'g} k\|sf/sf\] wfld{s hLjg
k5\\ofPsf x\'g ;S5g\\ .

wfld{s ;flxTosf\] ljqmL jf ;+u\|x ug{ s\'g} lgoGq0f nufOPsf\] 5}g .

vf; wfld{s ;d\"xx? k\|lt dfq} nlIot u/L nfu\' x\'g\] sfg\"gx? agfOPsf
5}gg\\ .

s\'g} wd{;Fu cfa4 /fhgLlts bnx? ;g\\ !((!sf\] ;+ljwfg cGtu{t wf/f !!#=#
n\] tf\]s\]sf\] xb;Dd lglif4 x\'G5g\\ h;cg\';f/ lgjf{rg cfof\]un\]
To:tf\] s\'g} klg /fhgLlts ;+:yf jf bnnfO{ btf{ ug\]{5}g h;n\] s\'g} klg
gful/snfO{ wd{, hft, hflt jf lnª\\usf\] cfwf/df ;b:otf lbg e\]befj u5{,
jf h;sf\] gfd, ;+s\]t, em08f jf p2\]Zon\] s\'g} wfld{s jf ;fDk\|bflos
efj emNsfpF5, jf h;n\] b\]zdf ljv08g Nofpg vf\]H5 .

wfld{s aGbLx? jf y\'gfdf /flvPsfx? af/\] s\'g} hfx\]/L k\|fKt ePgg\\ .

of\] k\|ltj\]bgsf\] ;dLIff cjlwdf, dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLx?n\] b\]zsf\]
ljleGg 7fpFx?df wfld{s :jtGqtf lj?4 /f\]s nufPsf lyP . dfcf\]jfbLx?n\]
ljBfnox?df ank\"j{s æhgjfbL kfqf\]Æ nfu\' u/fpFb} wfld{s kj{sf\] ljbfsf
lbgx? x6fOlbPsf cg\]sf}+ ljj/0fx? lgoldt ¿kdf k\|fKt eO/x\] . Pp6f O;fO{
;+:yfn\] hgfP cg\';f/, dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] k\"jL{If\]qx?df pgLx?sf\]
/fhgLlts k\|lzIf0fsf nflu rr{--kl/;/x?sf\] k\|of\]u ug{ dfu ul//x\]sf
lyP . pgLx?sf\] dfunfO{ c:jLsf/ ubf{, dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] rr{x?nfO{ aGb x\'g
afWo kfl/lbP .

**hah{:tL wd{--kl/jt{g**

hah{:tL c?sf\] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fOPsf s\'g} l/kf\]6{x? k\|fKt ePsf 5}gg\\,
o;df tL cd\]l/sL gfafnsx? ;d\]t kb{5g\\ h;nfO{ cd\]l/sfaf6 ckx/0f u/\]/
jf u}x«--sfg\"gL lsl;dn\] oxfF NofOPsf\] xf\];\\ jf o:tf gful/sx?nfO{
cd\]l/sfdf lkmtf{ k7fpg c:jLsf/ ul/Psf\] xf\];\\ .

**cftª\\ssf/L ;+:yfx?af6 ePsf b\'Jo{jxf/x?**

g\]kfn sDo\'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf\]jfbL_nfO{ cWofudg tyf /fli6«otf P\]gsf\]
æcftª\\ssf/L alxisf/ ;\"rLÆ / sfo{sf/L cfb\]z !#@@\$ cGtu{t Pp6f
cftª\\ssf/L ;+u7g eg\]/ 3f\]lift ul/Psf\] 5 .

dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLx?n\] of\] ;dLIff cjlwdf ljleGg lxGb\" dlGb/x?df
cfqmd0f u/\]sf / lxGb\" k\'hf/Lx?nfO{ ;tfpg\] u/\]sf cnu cnu l/kf\]6{x?
k\|fKt ePsf lyP . ;g\\ @))\$sf\] dO{ !&sf lbg, dfcf\]jfbLx?sf\] Ps
;d\"xn\] zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] Ps hgf k\'hf/LnfO{ /fd\]5fk lhNnfaf6
ckx/0f u¥of\] .

;g\\ @))\$sf\] ;\]K6\]Da/ !@df, dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] Pp6f ad lj:kmf\]6 ub}{
kf\]v/f l:yt ;\]G6 hf\];\]km ljBfnonfO{ aGb u/fpg afWo kfl/lbP . Tof\]
ljBfnosf %%!hgf ljBfyL{dWo\] clwsf+z hghflt ;d\'bfox?sf c;xfo
afn--aflnsfx? lyP .

;g\\ @))\$sf\] ;\]K6\]Da/df, dfcf\]jfbL wDsLsf sf/0f ;+v\'jf;ef lhNnfsf
@!j6f rr{x? c:yfoL ¿kdf aGb ul/Psf lyP .

;g\\ @))\$sf\] l8;\]Da/ @(sf lbg, dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] Pp6f lxGb\" wfld{s
;+u7g lzj;\]gf g\]kfnsf k\|d\'v c?0f a\'9fyf\]sLsf\] afFs\] lhNnf,
g\]kfnu\~hdf xTof ul/lbP .

;g\\ @))%sf\] dO{ dlxgfdf, sf7df08f}b\]lv sl/a #))lsnf\]ld6/ -!&% dfOn\_
klZrd ?kGb\]xL lhNnfdf ljZj lxGb\" kl/ifb\\sf\] g\]kfn zfvfsf cWoIf
gf/fo0f kf\]v\|\]nsf\] xTof eof\] . o; sf08sf\] lhDd\]jf/L s;}af6
glnOsf\] eP klg, k\|x/Ln\] o;df dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLx?sf\] ;+nUgtf
/x\]sf\] cfz+sf u/\]sf\] 5 .

lgoldt ljBfnox? pk/ cfqmd0f ug\'{sf ;fy} dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] hah{:tL
afn--aflnsfx?nfO{ cfkm\\gf\] kmf}hdf ;fd\]n u/fpg lqmlZrog ljBfnox?,
cgfyfnox? / afnu\[xx? pk/ cfqmd0fx? u/\]sf\] l/kf\]6{ k\|fKt ePsf 5g\\ .

**v08 #= wd{ ;DaGwdf ;fdflhs wf/0ffx?**

of\] d\'n\'sdf k\|rlnt ljleGg wd{sf cg\'ofoLx?n\] ;fdfGotof cfk;df
ldn\]/ zflGtk\"0f{ lsl;dn\] ;x--cl:tTj lgjf{x ub}{ / ;Dk\"0f{
wfld{s:ynx? k\|lt cfb/ b\]vfpFb}cfPsf 5g\\ . clwsf+z lxGb\"x?n\]
d\'n\'sel/ ljleGg 7fpFdf /x\]sf af}4 wfld{s:ynx? k\|lt cfb/ b\]vfpF5g\\Ù
af}4wd{ dfGg\]x?n\] klg lxGb\" wd{:ynx? k\|lt p:t} cfb/ lbG5g\\ .
a\'4sf\] hGd:yn Pp6f dxTjk\"0f{ tLy{:yn /lxcfPsf\] 5 / a\'4sf\] hGdlbgdf
/fli6«o labf ul/G5 . ;\]K6\]Da/ ! tfl/vdf O/fsdf pu\|jfbLx?n\] !@hgf
k\|jf;L g\]kfnL sfdbf/x?sf\] xTof ul/lbPkl5 e8\\lsg uPsf\] bª\\uf
kZrft\\ ;a} wd{sf k\|a\'4 JolQmx?n\] ldn\]/ sf7df08f}df Pp6f ¥ofnL
cfof\]hgf ub}{ cfkm\\gf cg\'ofoLx?;Fu wfld{s ;f}xfb\|{tf agfO/fVg cfu\|x
u/\] .

sltko O;fO{ ;d\"xx?n\] xfnsf jif{x?df lxGb\" pu\|jfb al9/x\]sf\] hfgsf/L
lbPsf 5g\\ . ljz\]if¿kn\] lrGtf pTkGg u/fpg\]df ef/tdf cjl:yt lxGb\"jfbL
/fhgLlts bn lzj ;\]gfsf g\]kfnL ;dy{sx? /x\]sf 5g\\ h;nfO{ :yfgLo ¿kdf
kz\'klt ;\]gf, lzj ;\]gf g\]kfn / g\]kfn lzj;\]gf eGg\] ul/G5 . \>L
%sf\] ;/sf/n\] gLltut ¿kdf lxGb\" pu\|jfbnfO{ ;dy{g ub}{g tfklg sltko
/fhgLlts g\]tfx?n\] O;fO{ ld;g/Lx? lj?4 ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf cfnf\]rgfTds
jStJox? lbPsf lyP . sltko gful/sx? O;fO{x?sf\] wd{--k\|rf/ / wd{ kl/jt{g
u/fpg\] sfo{x? k\|lt ;z+lst 5g\\ / O;fO{ wd{ dfGg\]x? a9\\b} uPsf\]df
lrlGtt 5g\\ . dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] pgLx?sf\] lgoGq0f /x\]sf If\]qx?df qf; /
wDsL b\]vfpFb} wfld{s cg\'i7fg ug{df /f\]s nufPsf ck\'i6 ljj/0fx? k\|fKt
ePsf 5g\\ .

cfkm\\gf\] wd{ kl/Tofu u/L csf\]{ wd{ dfGg yfNg\]x? k\|lt, vf;u/L lxGb\"
gful/sx?n\] d\';ndfg jf O;fO{ wd{ dfGg yfn\]df, ltgLx?nfO{ a\]nfa\]nfdf
;fdflhs lt/:sf/ ul/G5 . gofF wd{ dfGg yfn\]sfx?n\] lxGb\" pu\|jfbLx?af6
l56k\'6 ¿kdf afwf--lj/f\]w jf e\]befjsf 36gfx?sf\] ;fdgf ug\'{kg\]{ x\'g
;S5 . o:tf s\]xL dflg;x?nfO{ cfk\\mgf\] ufpF 5f8\]/ hfg afWo kfl/Psf
ljj/0fx? k\|fKt ePsf 5g\\ . o:tf\] ;fdflhs b\'/fu\|x of\]hgfa4 vfnsf\]
gb\]lvP klg, o:tf sfdx? pHhG8 / sxLn\]sfFxL lx+;fTds ;d\]t x\'g\] u5{g\\
. t}klg wd{ kl/jt{g u/\]sfx?n\] ;fwf/0ftof cfkm\"n\] dfGg yfn\]sf\] gofF
wd{af/\] ;fj{hlgs ¿kd} :jLsf/ ug{ 8/ dfGb}gg\\ .

x\'g t ;+ljwfgn\] o:tf\] e\]befj ug\]{ s\'/fnfO{ lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5, t/
g\]kfnL ;dfhdf hft--kft k\|yfsf\] alnof\] k\|efj 5 . tNnf\] hft /
c5\'tx? lj?4 ul/g\] ;fdflhs e\]befj Jofks ¿kdf eO/x\]sf\] / lg/Gt/ hf/L
/x\]sf\] b\]lvG5 . ;g\\ @))\$sf\] l8;\]Da/df, lrtjgsf\] Pp6f lxGb\"
dlGb/df Joj:yfkg ;ldltn\] ætNnf\] hftÆsf dflg;x?nfO{ dlGb/leq k:g glb+bf
pTkGg ePsf\] em8kdf nueu Ps bh{g dflg;x? 3fOt\] ePsf lyP . \>L %sf\]
;/sf/n\] ;\'ljwfaf6 jl\~rt hftx?sf clwsf/x? ;+/If0f ug{ k\|of; u/\]sf\]
eP klg o:tf 36gfx? eO/x\] . ;g\\ @))@sf\] dfr{ dlxgfdf, \>L %sf\]
;/sf/n\] Pp6f /fli6«o blnt cfof\]u u7g u/L ;Dk\"0f{ blntx?sf\] pTyfg /
ljsf; ub}{ blntx?sf -klxn\] æc5\'tÆ elgg\]\_ clwsf/x?sf\] ;+/If0f /
k\|jw{g ub}{ blnt ;d\'bfosf\] /fli6«o ljsf;df ;lqmo ;xeflutf ;\'lglZrt
u/fpg\] sfo{ ug{ lhDd\]jf/L tf\]s\]sf\] 5 . ;f\] cfof\]un\] blntx?sf\]
clwsf/sf nflu sfg\"gL tyf gLltut Joj:yf ldnfpg\], b\]zn\] k\|lta4tf
b\]vfPsf\] cGt/f{li6«o clen\]vx?sf\] sfof{Gjog ug{ l;kmfl/z ug\]{,
blntx?sf\] pTyfgdf sfo{/t u};;x?sf\] /\]vb\]v / ;+of\]hg ug\]{ / ;fdflhs
e\]befj / 5\'jf5\'t cGTo ug{ ;fdflhs r\]tgf hufpg\] sfo{qmdx? ;\~rfng
ub{5 .

**v08 \$= cd\]l/sL ;/sf/sf\] gLlt**

cd\]l/sL ;/sf/n\] \>L %sf\] ;/sf/;Fu cfk\\mgf\] dfgjclwsf/ k\|j4{g ug\]{
ljb\]z gLltsf\] Pp6f cª\\usf\] ¿kdf wfld{s :jtGqtf;Fu ;DalGwt k\|Zgx?
af/\] 5nkmn ub{5 . cd\]l/sL /fhb\"tfjf;n\] lxGb\", O;fO{, af}4, ox\'bL,
d\'l:nd / cGo wfld{s ;d\"xx?;Fu lgoldt ;Dks{ sfod ul//xG5 .
/fhb\"tfjf;n\] wfld{s :jtGqtfsf ljifodf /fd\|/L Wofg lbP/ cWoog ul//xG5
/ plrt ;dodf \>L %sf\] ;/sf/;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf k\|Zg p7fpF5 . ut dfr{
dlxgfdf, /fhb\"tfjf;n\] sf7df08f} l:yt ;+3/fd leIf\' af}4 k\|lzIf0f
s\]Gb\|sf lhDdfjfn leIf\'nfO{ cd\]l/sfdf wfld{s ljljwtf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL
x\'gsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o cfuGt\'s sfo{qmddf ;dfj\]z u/fPsf\] lyof\] .

ge\]Da/ \*, @))%df hf/L ul/Psf\] .

cGt/f{li6«o wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|ltj\]bg