![](media/image1.jpeg){width="1.9895833333333333in" height="0.53125in"}

**Suits: Step into the Void**

**An Educator Guide**

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height="5.229166666666667in"}

# 

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# Discover NASA and You

**A Digital Learning Network Experience**

**Suits: Step into the Void**

**A Digital Learning Network Experience**

![](media/image4.jpeg){width="2.4027777777777777in"
height="1.8888888888888888in"}**\
**

**This Program is Designed To Share**

**NASA's Space Exploration Program**

This publication is in the public domain and is not protected by
copyright. Permission is not required for duplication.

# ![](media/image5.wmf) Table of Contents 

![](media/image6.wmf)

# Digital Learning Network Expedition 4

# Expedition Overview 5

> Grade Level
>
> Focus Question
>
> Instructional Objectives
>
> Benefits

# Sequence of Events 6

# Education Standards 7

# Pre-Conference Requirements .12

> Pre-Assessment
>
> Pre-Conference Assessment Questions
>
> Answers to Questions

# Expedition Videoconference Guidelines .15

> Audience Guidelines
>
> Teacher Event Checklist

# Expedition Videoconference Outline .16

# Post Conference .17

> Post-conference Assessment Questions

# NASA Education Evaluation Information System .18

# Certificate of Completion .19

# Vocabulary .20

# Resources\\Background Information .22

# Contributors and Developers .23 

![](media/image7.wmf) **Digital Learning Network (DLN) Expedition**

# ![](media/image8.wmf)

# 

A DLN Expedition is a one time connection that allows students to
experience NASA first-hand. Each expedition features an integrated
educational package of grade-appropriate instruction and activities
centered around a 50 minute videoconference. Students will actively
learn with a NASA education specialist or a NASA Subject Matter Expert.

The sequence for a DLN Expedition include:

-   Students review vocabulary words and complete pre-classroom
    activities.

-   A one time DLN videoconference connection with in-formal student
    participation.

-   Students completing the post-activity assessment and online
    evaluation for teacher and students.

# ![](media/image9.wmf) Expedition Overview ![](media/image10.wmf) 

**[Grade Level]{.underline}(s) 5-8**

# [Focus Question]{.underline}

> The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA, has
> accomplished many milestones which have broadened human kind's
> knowledge of outer space. Perhaps the most visual symbol of space
> exploration is the astronaut conducting a space walk. What is a
> spacesuit and how does it assist in extravehicular activities (EVAs)?
> What are some math considerations of EVAs? How does NASA expect to
> carry out future EVAs?

# [Instructional Objectives]{.underline}

> Students will first understand why humans must wear pressurized suits
> when going into outer space. The history of space suits will be traced
> from the 1950's to 10-15 years into the future. Most focus will lie
> upon the current space suit, known as the Extravehicular Mobility Unit
> (EMU), and the development of the next generation of space suits. The
> training and practice that is involved for an EVA will also be
> discussed. During the program, students will be exposed to pictures,
> animations, historical evidence, props, and thought provoking
> questions. ***[There will also be grade suited math extensions that
> will be introduced and worked out during the program. Please give
> students access to paper and pencil so they may carry out simple
> calculations!]{.underline}***

**[Benefits]{.underline}**

> This program is designed to be cross curricular with STEM (Science,
> Technology, Engineering, and Math) subject matter. History will also
> be an important feature of this module. This program will heighten the
> public's interest in NASA in general, while focusing student's
> awareness on NASA's successful and historical record of space walks.
> Excitement will also be generated by discussing what future space
> walks will look like and how students today will be the ones carrying
> them out.

**SEQUENCE OF EVENTS**

**[Pre-Conference Requirements]{.underline}**

> A pre-assessment tool is available to determine the students' level of
> understanding prior to the videoconference. Suggested answers are
> included. This tool can be found on pg 12.

**[Expedition Videoconference]{.underline}**

> The *Suits: Step Into the Void* module is intended to be an all
> encompassing lesson on space suits with special attention paid to
> extravehicular activities. It can be suited to a K-12^th^ grade
> audience. As NASA is celebrating its 50^th^ anniversary in 2008, this
> lesson will serve to show students how using modern technology, humans
> will use space suits to further our understanding of the cosmos now,
> and in the years ahead. This module contains various teaching methods
> that will aim to increase interest in human space exploration.
>
> The DLN's hope is to inspire the next generation in becoming more
> involved with science and technology. By demonstrating all the great
> things NASA has accomplished in the past, and what NASA will achieve
> in the future, we hope to realize this goal.

# 

**[Post-Conference Requirements]{.underline}**

> A post-assessment tool is available to determine changes in student
> levels of understanding. This tool can be found on pg 23.

# [NASA Education Evaluation Information System (NEEIS) Feedback Forms]{.underline}

> Educator and student feedback forms are available online for all DLN
> events.
>
> This link can be found on pg 24.

#  

# ![](media/image11.wmf) National Standards ![](media/image12.wmf)

#  

**[National Standards]{.underline}**

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM)

Algebra

Data Analysis and Probability

Problem solving

Communication

National Science Education Standards (NSES)

> Unifying Concepts- Systems, order, and organization; Evidence, models,
> and explanation; Change, constancy, and measurement;

Content Standard B -- Physical Science

Content Standard C -- Life Science

Content Standard F -- Science in Personal and Social Perspectives

[]{.mark}

International Technology Education Association (ITEA)

> Standard 1 --Characteristics and Scope of Technology
>
> Standard 17 --Information and Communication Technologies

**[National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM)]{.underline}**
*(from [www.nctm.org](http://www.nctm.org/))*

+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| ***Mathematics (5-12)***                                   | **O~2~  |
|                                                            | and     |
|                                                            | You**   |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| **Algebra**                                                | X       |
|                                                            |         |
| Understand patterns, relations, and functions              |         |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| **Data analysis and probability**                          | X       |
|                                                            |         |
| Formulate questions that can be addressed with data and    |         |
| collect, organize, and display relevant data to answer     |         |
| them                                                       |         |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| **Problem solving**                                        | X       |
|                                                            |         |
| All benchmarks                                             |         |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| **Communication**                                          | X       |
|                                                            |         |
| All benchmarks                                             |         |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+

# 

Content Standard -- Algebra

Understand patterns, relationships, and functions

> (3-5) *model problem situations with objects and use representations
> such as graphs, tables, and equations to draw conclusions.*
>
> (6-8) *model and solve contextualized problems using various
> representations, such as graphs, tables, and equations.*

Content Standard --Data analysis and probability

> Formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect,
> organize, and display relevant data to answer them

(3-5) *collect data using observations, surveys, and experiments*

> (6-8) *select, create, and use appropriate graphical representations
> of data, including histograms, box plots, and scatterplots*

Content Standard -- Problem Solving

> (All grades) *Students should build new mathematical knowledge through
> problem solving, solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other
> contexts, apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve
> problems, and monitor and reflect on the process of mathematical
> problem solving.*

Content Standard -- Communication

> (All grades) *Students should organize and consolidate their
> mathematical thinking through communication, communicate their
> mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers, and
> others, analyze and evaluate the mathematical thinking and strategies
> of others, and use the language of mathematics to express mathematical
> ideas precisely.*

**[National Science Education Standards (NSES)]{.underline}** (from
[www.nap.edu](http://www.nap.edu/) )

+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| ***Science (5-8)***                                        | **O~2~  |
|                                                            | and     |
| []{.mark}                                                  | You**   |
|                                                            |         |
| []{.mark}                                                  |         |
|                                                            |         |
| []{.mark}                                                  |         |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| **K-12 Content Standard: Unifying Concepts**               | []      |
|                                                            | {.mark} |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| Systems, order, and organization                           | X       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| Evidence, models and explanation                           | X       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| Change, constancy, and measurement                         | X       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| []{.mark}                                                  | []      |
|                                                            | {.mark} |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| **Content Standard B: Physical Science**                   | []      |
|                                                            | {.mark} |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| Properties and changes in matter (5-8)                     | X       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| []{.mark}                                                  |         |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| **Content Standard C: Life Science**                       | []      |
|                                                            | {.mark} |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| Regulation and behavior (5-8)                              | X       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| []{.mark}                                                  | []      |
|                                                            | {.mark} |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| **Content Standard F: Science in Personal and Social       | []      |
| Perspectives**                                             | {.mark} |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| Personal Health (5-8)                                      | X       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+

K-12 Content Standard -- Unifying Concepts

### Systems, order, and organization (K-12) - *Scientists and students learn to define small portions for the convenience of investigation. The units of investigation can be referred to as \"systems.\" A system is an organized group of related objects or components that form a whole. Systems can consist, for example, of organisms, machines, fundamental particles, galaxies, ideas, numbers, transportation, and education. Systems have boundaries, components, resources flow (input and output), and feedback*

### 

### Evidence, models, and explanation (K-12) -- *As students develop and\...understand more science concepts and processes, their explanations should become more sophisticated\...frequently reflecting a rich scientific knowledge base, evidence of logic, higher levels of analysis, and greater tolerance of criticism and uncertainty.*

###  

> Change, constancy, and measurement (K-12) -- Changes in systems can be
> quantified. Evidence for interactions and subsequent change and the
> formulation of scientific explanations are often clarified through
> quantitative distinctions\--measurement. Mathematics is essential for
> accurately measuring change.

Content Standard B -- Physical Science

### Properties and changes in matter --*In grades 5-8, students observe and measure characteristic properties, such as boiling and melting points, solubility, and simple chemical changes of pure substances, and use those properties to distinguish and separate one substance from another.* ![](media/image13.png){width="8.333333333333333e-3in" height="8.333333333333333e-3in"}

Content Standard C -- Life Science

> Regulation and behavior --In grades 5-8, students will understand that
> the regulation of an organism\'s internal environment involves sensing
> the internal environment and changing physiological activities to keep
> conditions within the range required to survive.

Content Standard F -- Science in Personal and Social Perspectives

> Personal Health --Students will understand that regular exercise is
> important to the maintenance and improvement of health. The benefits
> of physical fitness include maintaining healthy weight, having energy
> and strength for routine activities, good muscle tone, bone strength,
> strong heart/lung systems, and improved mental health. Personal
> exercise, especially developing cardiovascular endurance, is the
> foundation of physical fitness.

**[International Technology Education Association (ITEA)]{.underline}**
*(from [www.iteaconnect.org](http://www.iteaconnect.org/))*

# 

  ----------------------------------------------------------- -----------
  ***Technology (K-12)***                                     **DLN
                                                              Event**

  **Standard 1: The Characteristics and Scope of Technology** 

  (3-5) D: Tools, materials, and skills are used to make      X
  things and carry out tasks                                  

  (6-8) F: New products and systems can be developed to solve X
  problems or to help do things that could not be done        
  without the help of technology                              

  **Standard 17: Information and Communication Technologies** 

  (3-5) F: Communication technology is the transfer of        X
  messages among people and/or machines over distances        
  through the use of technology                               

  (6-8) J: The design of a message is influenced by such      X
  factors as the intended audience, medium, purpose, and      
  nature of the message                                       
  ----------------------------------------------------------- -----------

Standard 1 -- Students will develop an understanding of the
characteristics and scope of technology.

> (3-5) Tools, materials, and skills are used to make things and carry
> out tasks -- *When students observe how various things are made,
> grown, or used, they should begin to see that different processes and
> techniques are used.*
>
> (6-8) New products and systems can be developed to solve problems or
> to help do things that could not be done without the help of
> technology --*Students in the middle-level grades will explore in
> greater detail the scope of technology. From personal and classroom
> experience, students will be familiar with specific ways in which
> technology is dynamic.*

Standard 17 -- Students will develop an understanding of and be able to
select and use information and communication technologies

> (3-5) Communication technology is the transfer of messages among
> people and/or machines over distances through the use of technology --
> *Students at this grade level should be given various opportunities to
> use information and communication tools in order to experience
> firsthand how technology can be used to enhance the communication
> process.*
>
> (6-8) The design of a message is influenced by such factors as the
> intended audience, medium, purpose, and nature of the message --
> *Students should be provided with numerous opportunities to use
> information and communication systems for assistance in solving
> problems, making better decisions, and communicating with others.*

**[Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)]{.underline}**
(<http://www.tea.state.tx.us/teks/>)

+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| ***Science (5-8)***                                        | **O~2~  |
|                                                            | and     |
|                                                            | You**   |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| **§112.7 Grade 5**                                         | b2A-E,  |
|                                                            | b5A-B   |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| **§112.22 Grade 6**                                        | b2A-E,  |
|                                                            | b5A-B   |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| **§112.23 Grade 7**                                        | b2A-E,  |
|                                                            |         |
|                                                            | b4B b5A |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| **§112.24 Grade 8**                                        | b2A-E,  |
|                                                            | b4B     |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+

+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| ***Math (5-8)***                             | **O~2~ and You**      |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| **§111.17 Grade 5**                          | b5.3A-E,              |
|                                              |                       |
|                                              | b5.4,b5.5A,           |
|                                              |                       |
|                                              | b5.10A-C              |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| **§111.22 Grade 6**                          | b6.1C,b               |
|                                              | 6.2C,b6.3A-C,b6.4A-B, |
|                                              |                       |
|                                              | b6.5,b6.8A-B          |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| **§111.23 Grade 7**                          | b7.2A-B,F,b7.3A-B     |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| **§111.24 Grade 8**                          | b8.2A-D, b8.3A-B,     |
|                                              |                       |
|                                              | b8.5A-B               |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+

![](media/image14.wmf) Pre-Conference Requirements

# ![](media/image15.wmf)

#### Pre-Assessment

A week before the event, please give students this pre-conference
assessment. It will gauge what your students already know about space
suits and EVA's. Shortly after the conference, give them the same
questionnaire in order to determine student comprehension after
participating in *Suits: Step into the Void*.

**[Pre-Conference Assessment Questions]{.underline}**

1.  What must be provided to humans in order for them to survive in
    outer space?

2.  What are some of the goals of Program Constellation?

3.  Who was the first American to conduct a spacewalk?

4.  How might NASA train astronauts for a spacewalk?

5.  What do objects weigh in outer space?

6.  Why must mountain climbers sometime wear oxygen masks?

7.  What is a vacuum?

8.  What conditions are found in outer space?

**[Answers to Pre and Post Assessment Questions:]{.underline}**

1.  What must be provided to humans in order for them to survive in
    outer space?

> **All of the requirements of life must be provided to humans in order
> to survive in outer space. This includes oxygen, atmospheric pressure,
> a suitable temperature, food, and water. Humans can adapt to
> microgravity however.**

2.  What are some of the goals of Program Constellation?

> **To establish a permanent human presence on the Moon, and then to
> travel to Mars and beyond.**

3.  Who was the first American to conduct a spacewalk?

> **Ed White was the first American to conduct a space walk. It happened
> during Gemini 4 on June 3^rd^, 1965**

4.  How might NASA train astronauts for a spacewalk?

> **Currently the most effective way to train for space walks is to
> submerge astronauts inside their space suit under water. By attaching
> a certain amount of weights to a space suit, the astronaut inside will
> become neutrally buoyant (neither sinking nor floating). Astronauts
> then closely experience what microgravity is like in outer space. NASA
> uses a facility called the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) for
> practicing space walks. It is an enclosed body of water that is 202 by
> 102 feet wide and 40 feet deep.**

5.  What do objects weigh in outer space?

> **Objects in space weigh essentially nothing. This is because in
> orbit, objects are in a state of "free fall", or constantly falling
> around the Earth.**

6.  Why must mountain climbers sometime wear oxygen masks?

> **The Earth's atmosphere gets thinner as altitude increase. This means
> that there is less oxygen for humans to breathe. Mountains that are
> higher than 26,250 feet may have a 1/3 of the oxygen that is found at
> sea level. Mountain climbers attempting to scale very high mountains
> must sometimes breathe pure oxygen through a mask to help their body
> deal with the oxygen deprivation.**

7.  What is a vacuum?

> **A vacuum is a volume of space that is void of most of everything.
> Basically, it is anyplace that is empty of "air". A vacuum chamber is
> able to "suck" out all of the air inside a glass chamber to simulate
> what the conditions are in outer space.**

8.  What conditions are found in outer space?

> **Outer space is a vacuum. There is no air, atmospheric pressure, and
> reduced gravity in outer space. In low Earth orbit, temperatures can
> vary widely (-250- 250F) and there is an increase in solar radiation
> and micrometeorites. Outer space can also be described as a
> "vacuum".**

# ![](media/image16.wmf) Expedition Videoconference Guidelines ![](media/image17.wmf)

### Audience Guidelines

**Teachers,** please review the following points with your students
prior to the event:

-   Videoconference is a two-way event. Students and NASA presenters can
    see and hear one another.

-   Students should speak in a loud, clear voice. If a microphone is
    placed in a central location instruct the students to walk up and
    speak into the microphone.

-   Teacher(s) should moderate students' questions and answers.

-   Students are expected to be respectful to the presenter. A quiet
    atmosphere should be maintained at all times to enhance the
    experience for all involved.

-   *Students are sometimes initially shy about responding to questions
    during a distance learning session. Explain to the students that
    this is an interactive medium and we encourage questions.*

**Teacher Event Checklist**

+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| **     | ######### Pre-Conference Requirements                       |
| Date** |                                                             |
|        |                                                             |
| *      |                                                             |
| *Compl |                                                             |
| eted** |                                                             |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        | 1.  Print a copy of the module.                             |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        | 2.  Have the students complete the pre-assessment.          |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        | 3.  Email questions for the presenter. This will help focus |
|        |     the presentation on the groups' specific needs.         |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        | 4.  Review the audience guidelines.                         |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        | ######### Day of the Conference Requirements                |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        | 1.  The students are encouraged to ask the NASA presenter   |
|        |     qualifying questions about the expedition.              |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        | 2.  Follow up questions can be continued after the          |
|        |     conference through e-mail.                              |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        | ######### Post - Conference Requirements                    |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        | 1.  Students are administered the post-assessment to        |
|        |     demonstrate their new knowledge of the subject.         |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|        | 2.  Teacher(s) and students fill out the event feedback     |
|        |     online (NEEIS).                                         |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------------------+

# 

# ![](media/image18.wmf) Expedition Videoconference Outline

# ![](media/image19.wmf)

# Summary of *Suits: Step into the Void* Videoconference 

> Perhaps the most iconic image of space exploration is the
> space-walking astronaut. Outer space is absent of all that we are used
> to here on Earth. In order for humans to explore this environment,
> they must be protected from against the extremes of outer space. The
> space suit serves this purpose and extends the human reach beyond
> Earth.
>
> After successfully putting men into orbit inside the Mercury space
> capsule, NASA pushed the envelope by conducting the first space walk
> during Program Gemini. Following Ed White's historic EVA, space
> walking technology advanced to the point that in 1969, humans walked
> on the Moon.
>
> After the remarkable manned lunar explorations of the 60's and 70's,
> NASA saw permanent space stations and the space shuttle come to
> prominence. This led to the development of the current space suit,
> known as the Extra Mobility Unit or EMU. The EMU in particular is the
> culmination of cutting edge technology and its development has led to
> spin-offs found in the home and industry.
>
> NASA's current Space Exploration Program calls for humans to return to
> the Moon by 2020 and establish a permanent base in preparation for
> future missions to Mars and beyond. This ambitious goal will be
> accomplished through a program called Constellation. Already the
> development of the next generation of space suits has begun. These
> suits will be referred to as the Constellation Space Suit System
> (CSSS).

# 

> **[General Outline for Video Conference (50 minutes)]{.underline}**

I.  **Welcome**

II. **Introduction**

III. **What it is like on Earth and in outer space**

IV. **The need for a space suit**

V.  **Humans in space (1960-1981)**

VI. **The EMU and the EVA**

VII. **Training for an EVA**

VIII. **Future space suits and EVAs**

IX. **Careers/Website**

X.  **Q&A/Good-Bye**

![](media/image20.wmf) **Post-Conference**

# ![](media/image21.wmf)

#### 

#### Online Post-Assessment

After the event, students will need to take this post-conference
assessment. (These questions are the same questions used in the
pre-assessment.) This short assessment will help you measure student
learning and help us identify any changes that need to be made in future
programs.

### [Post-Conference Assessment Questions]{.underline}

1.  What must be provided to humans in order for them to survive in
    outer space?

2.  What are some of the goals of Program Constellation?

3.  Who was the first American to conduct a spacewalk?

4.  How might NASA train astronauts for a spacewalk?

5.  What do objects weigh in outer space?

6.  Why must mountain climbers sometime wear oxygen masks?

7.  What is a vacuum?

8.  What conditions are found in outer space?

# ![](media/image22.wmf) NASA Education Evaluation Information System (NEEIS)

![](media/image23.wmf)

> Please complete an online evaluation form to provide feedback on the
> NASA Expedition.
>
> **[Feedback from you and a few of your students would be
> appreciated.]{.underline}**
>
> <http://dln.nasa.gov/dln/content/feedback/>

# ![](media/image24.wmf){width="10.020833333333334in" height="7.534722222222222in"}

# ![](media/image25.wmf) Vocabulary

![](media/image26.wmf)

\*Some of these terms will be mentioned during this module. Use this
list as a reference for student knowledge.

**[Vocabulary Terms]{.underline}**

1.  **Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA)** - Operations that are performed
    outside of a spacecraft. The astronaut must wear a pressurized suit
    in order to be protected from the vacuum of space. Also referred to
    as a spacewalk.

2.  **Ed White**- the first American to conduct a space walk during
    Gemini 4 in 1966.

3.  **Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU)** - NASA's current space suit.
    It is used when astronauts conduct EVAs during Space Shuttle or
    International Space Station missions.

4.  **Constellation Space Suit System (CSSS)** -- the next generation
    space suit that will be used for microgravity, and lunar EVAs.

5.  **Program Constellation** -- The program responsible for how NASA
    plans to return to the moon and travel elsewhere in the solar
    system.

6.  **Atmospheric Pressure**- Relates to the amount of air that is found
    on Earth at different levels. As the altitude increases, there are
    fewer air molecules and thus a lower atmospheric pressure.

7.  **Microgravity**- A very small amount of gravity (1/1,000,000 of
    gravity). This condition occurs when an object is in a state of
    free-fall. When the Space Shuttle or ISS are in orbit around the
    Earth, they are constantly "falling" around the Earth and experience
    microgravity or "weightlessness".

8.  **Micrometeorites**- Very tiny particles of rock that travel at very
    high speeds in outer space. Space suits must provide protection from
    these micometeorites.

9.  **Space Debris**- Various metal or plastic pieces that have been
    discarded by humans in outer space. Space debris can be very small
    or very large. There is a considerable amount of space debris in
    outer space and NASA has the technology to track most of it.

10. **Solar radiation**- The sub-atomic particles that are continually
    given off by the sun. The Earth's magnetosphere and atmosphere acts
    as a protective shield from these particles. When humans explore
    outer space, they must monitor their exposure to solar radiation.

11. **Vacuum**- A volume of space that is empty of matter (e.g. no air,
    or atmospheric pressure). Outer space is considered a vacuum.

12. **Space Suit**- A pressurized garment that an astronaut wears when
    outside a spacecraft. It is basically a miniature spacecraft that
    provides all the requirements of life (air, pressure, and suitable
    temperature).

13. **Neil Armstrong**- The first person to step foot on the Moon. The
    space suit he wore was called the A7L and was specially designed to
    be self contained so astronauts could freely explore the Moon.

14. **Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory**- A large body of water that contains
    6.2 million gallons of water. It provides a simulation of
    microgravity when astronauts become neutrally buoyant underwater by
    attaching weights to their space suit.

15. **Desert RATS**- NASA conducted EVA field trials that are tested on
    Earth landscapes that closely simulate conditions found on the Moon
    or Mars. Suit and rover prototypes are evaluated for their
    effectiveness and usefulness for extra-terrestrial exploration.

16. **NEEMO**- NASA extreme Environment Mission Operations, an
    underwater habitat that is located near Key Largo, FL. "Aquanauts"
    remain aboard NEEMO for several days in order to simulate the
    experience of outer space habitation. EVAs are also practiced on the
    surface of the ocean to simulate space walks.

17. **Spin-off**- Technology that was first created by NASA for space
    exploration that has now found its way in different forms into the
    common home and in industry.

18. **Reduced Gravity Plane**- A NASA airplane that flies consecutive
    parabola's (or hills). As the plane approaches the crest of a hill,
    occupants inside will experience microgravity for 25-30 seconds.

**[(ARL) Acronym Reference List]{.underline}**

ACES- Advanced Crew Escape Suit

CSSS- Constellation Space Suit System

DCM- Display and Control Module

Desert RATS- Desert Research and Technology Studies

ECLS- Environmental Control and Life Support

EMU- Extravehicular Mobility Unit

EVA- Extravehicular Activity

HUT- Hard Upper Torso

LCVG- Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment

LTA- Lower Torso Assembly

MAG- Maximum Absorption Garment

MMU- Manned Maneuvering Unit

NBL- Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory

NEEMO- NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations

PGT- Pistol Grip Tool

PLSS- Primary Life Support System

SAFER- Simplified Aid for Extravehicular Activity Rescue

SAW- Solar Array Wing

STS- Shuttle Transport System

![](media/image27.wmf) **Resources**

![](media/image28.wmf)

NASA

[www.nasa.gov](http://www.nasa.gov/)

NASA 50^th^ anniversary

<http://www.nasa.gov/50th/home/index.html>

NASA Constellation Project

[www.nasa.gov/constellation](http://www.nasa.gov/constellation)

# ILC Dover- history of space suits

<http://history.nasa.gov/spacesuits.pdf>

Suited for Space Walking

# [**http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/topnav/materials/listbytype/Suited_for_Spacewalking_Educator_Guide.html**](http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/topnav/materials/listbytype/Suited_for_Spacewalking_Educator_Guide.html) 

# 

Personal conversation with Heather Paul, space suit engineer- 7/2008

Personal conversation with Robert Durkin, NBL facilitator- 7/2008

# 

# 

# ![](media/image29.wmf) Background Information

# ![](media/image30.wmf)

**[Websites:]{.underline}**

Space Suit Evolution from Custom Tailored to Off-the-Rack

<http://history.nasa.gov/spacesuits.pdf>

Dress Me for Space (K-4)

[[http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/playandlearn/dress-me-for-space.html]{.underline}](http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/playandlearn/dress-me-for-space.html)

![](media/image31.wmf) **Contributors and Developers**

# ![](media/image32.wmf)

###  

**Ryan Schaffer Johnson Space Center Project Lead/Education Specialist**

**Michelle Leggett Johnson Space Center DLN Supervisor**

**Robin Hart Johnson Space Center Administrator**

**Don Caminati Johnson Space Center Technology Specialist**

**Erin McKinley Johnson Space Center Education Specialist**

**Nathan Lang Johnson Space Center Education Specialist**

**Michael Hare Johnson Space Center Education/Production Specialist**

**Sherry Bartkowicz Johnson Space Center Education Intern**

**[Special Thanks to the following people:]{.underline}**

**Heather Paul- Space suit engineer**

**Mallory Jennings- NASA Coop**

**Richard Durkin- NBL facilitator**

**Kelly McCormick- Teaching from Space administrator**

**Rene Flores- Education specialist, Teaching from Space**

**Linus Guillory- Education specialist, Teaching from Space**