BOREAS HYD-01 Soil Hydraulic Properties

Summary

The BOREAS HYD-01 team made several measurements related to soil
moisture and soil properties. These soil hydraulic properties were
determined at the flux tower sites based on analysis of in situ tension
infiltrometer tests and laboratory determined water retention from soil
cores collected during the 1994-95 field campaigns. Results from this
analysis are saturated hydraulic conductivity, and fitting parameters
for the van Genuchten-Mualem soil hydraulic conductivity and water
retention function at flux tower sites. The data are provided in tabular
ASCII files.

Table of Contents

\* 1 Data Set Overview

\* 2 Investigator(s)

\* 3 Theory of Measurements

\* 4 Equipment

\* 5 Data Acquisition Methods

\* 6 Observations

\* 7 Data Description

\* 8 Data Organization

\* 9 Data Manipulations

\* 10 Errors

\* 11 Notes

\* 12 Application of the Data Set

\* 13 Future Modifications and Plans

\* 14 Software

\* 15 Data Access

\* 16 Output Products and Availability

\* 17 References

\* 18 Glossary of Terms

\* 19 List of Acronyms

\* 20 Document Information

1\. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS HYD-01 Soil Hydraulic Properties

1.2 Data Set Introduction

Soil hydraulic properties were determined at the flux tower sites based
on analysis of in situ tension infiltrometer tests and laboratory
determined water retention from soil cores collected during the 1994-95
field campaigns. Results from this analysis are saturated hydraulic
conductivity, and fitting parameters for the van Genuchten-Mualem soil
hydraulic conductivity and water retention function at flux tower sites.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

The objective of this study was to determine the soil hydraulic
properties needed for physical simulation modeling of
soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer processes.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

The properties determined for each site were saturated hydraulic
conductivity, KSAT; soil water retention using the van Genuchten (1980)
function, THETA (H, N, ALPHA, SAT, RESID, M) where M = 1-(1/N); and
unsaturated hydraulic conductivity using the Mualem (1976)-van Genuchten
(1980) function, K (H, N, ALPHA, KSAT, M) where M = 1-(1/N).

1.5 Discussion

In situ tension infiltrometer tests and laboratory soil core water
retention data were combined to determine soil hydraulic properties at
the sites of the flux towers operating during the 1994-95 BOReal
Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) field campaign. At each flux tower
site, between 6 and 20 tension disk infiltrometer tests were performed
at the soil surface (A-horizon). Laboratory soil core water retention
data from the soil surface (A-horizon) were obtained from soil surveys
conducted during 1993-94 by Darwin Anderson (southern sites) and Hugo
Veldhuis (northern sites).

Saturated hydraulic conductivity at each site was estimated by
extrapolating the low tension conductivities of all tests to zero
tension to obtain a site average saturated hydraulic conductivity. The
unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function and soil water retention
function were determined using the combined infiltrometer data of each
site and the soil core water retention data. The tension infiltrometer
data were determined at low tensions between 0 and 20 cm and the soil
core water retention data were determined at high tensions between 100
cm and 15,000 cm, combining these two data sets using soil physics
theory provides more information across the whole range of tensions from
saturation at 0-cm tension to the permanent wilting point at 15,000-cm
tension.

The soil hydraulic properties were measured on a scale ranging from 5 to
20 cm, but distributed simulation models more often require these
properties on a scale ranging from tens of meters to kilometers. Spatial
variations in soil hydraulic properties of this data set were minimized
by performing multiple tests at each site. The quality of this data set
will be checked by using these parameters in a physics-based model
(SWMS-2D finite element model of soil water movement) and comparing with
soil moisture profiles collected at the sites during the BOREAS
experiment.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TE-20 Soils Data over the NSA-MSA and Tower Sites in Raster
Format

BOREAS TE-20 Soils Data over the NSA-MSA and Tower Sites in Vector
Format

BOREAS TE-20 NSA Soil Lab Data

BOREAS TE-01 Soils Data over the SSA Tower Sites in Raster Format

BOREAS TE-01 SSA Soil Lab Data

2\. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Richard H. Cuenca, Professor

Oregon State University

2.2 Title of Investigation

Coupled Atmosphere-Forest Canopy-Soil Profile Monitoring and Simulation

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

Shaun F. Kelly, Research Assistant

Oregon State University

Corvallis, OR

\(541\) 737-6314

\(541\) 737-2082 (fax)

kellys@pandora.bre.orst.edu

Contact 2

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

Richard H. Cuenca, Professor

Oregon State University

Corvallis, OR

\(541\) 737-6307

\(541\) 737-2082 (fax)

cuencarh@pandora.bre.orst.edu

Contact 3

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

David Knapp

Raytheon STX Corporation

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD

\(301\) 286-1424

\(301\) 286-0239

David.Knapp@gsfc.nasa.gov

3\. Theory of Measurements

Disk tension infiltrometers are designed to measure soil water
infiltration rates at a controlled negative water pressure or tension
within a circular interface at the soil surface. The analysis of data in
this data set is based on the approximation of flow from a circular
source based on Wooding, 1968. From each test the steady state
infiltration rate is used to calculate a conductivity, K, at the
specified tension, H. The paired K, H data obtained from each test site
runs across tensions ranging from 3 cm to 20 cm using two different disk
radii. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and the unsaturated hydraulic
conductivity at each site were summarized using the Mualem-van Genuchten
model (Mualem, 1976; van Genuchten, 1980). Water retention function was
simultaneously fitted to the data from the laboratory soil cores.

4\. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

Disk tension infiltrometer:

The disk tension infiltrometer is designed to measure unsaturated flow
of water into soil. It consists of: 1) a bubble tower that controls
tension at the soil surface, 2) a water reservoir from which water flows
into the soil, and 3) a baseplate with a membrane to establish hydraulic
continuity with the soil. The water level in the reservoir is monitored
using pressure transducers and a datalogger to record infiltration rates
during the tests. Infiltrometers with baseplate disk diameter of 8 and
20 cm were used.

4.1.1 Collection Environment

The tension infiltrometer tests were performed throughout the 1994-95
BOREAS Intensive Field Campaigns (IFCs) from May to September.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

The ground surface.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The objective was to measure hydraulic properties of the soil.

4.1.4 Key Variables

saturated conductivity

hydraulic conductivity function

water retention function

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

The tension infiltrometer applies water to the soil surface at a
constant tension and records the resulting infiltration rate in time.
Hydraulic conductivities may be calculated using theoretical
approximations of steady-state unconfined infiltration rates into the
soil from circular sources. Hydraulic conductivities are determined at a
number of tensions, and the hydraulic conductivity function is
determined by fitting the appropriate function through the measured
hydraulic conductivity versus tension data.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

The tension infiltrometer is set on the soil surface; therefore, only
the hydraulic properties of the soil surface (A-horizon) are determined.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Tension infiltrometer

Soil Measurement Systems

7266 N. Oracle Road

Suite 170

Tucson, AZ 85704

\(602\) 742-4471

\(602\) 742-4379 or (602) 797-0356 (fax)

The tension infiltrometer was automated by Shaun Kelly using pressure
transducers and a recording datalogger.

Pressure transducers

Honeywell 136PC05G2, 5 PSI transducers available from Soil Measurement
Systems

Datalogger-Campbell Scientific CR10

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

815 W 1800 N

Logan, UT 84321-1784

\(801\) 753-2342

\(801\) 750-9540 (fax)

4.2 Calibration

Pressure transducers are calibrated in the lab using a standing water
column. Transducer output in mV is linearly related to pressure. The
infiltrometer is calibrated for the desired operating tensions before
taking the unit to the field. Tension at the membrane on the baseplate
in contact with the soil surface is controlled by the air entry ports in
the bubble tower using one of three air entry tubes set at each desired
tension. The air entry tubes are adjusted in the lab following the
calibrating instructions in the manual.

4.2.1 Specifications

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

None given.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

Pressure transducers have a tendency to drift and were calibrated before
each IFC. Air entry tubes were calibrated once and required no further
calibration unless it was desired to change the targeted tensions of 3,
5, and 15 cm tension.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

Actual tensions applied were determined using the bottom transducer or
the transducer mounted closest to the baseplate. The actual tension
applied varied depending on the vertical distance between the baseplate
and the bubble tower.

5\. Data Acquisition Methods

Operation of the tension infiltrometer is described in the user\'s
manual supplied with each tension infiltrometer. The tension
infiltrometer was modified to record the water level automatically with
two pressure transducers and a datalogger. Each test was run at three
target tensions 3 cm, 6 cm and 15 cm. Disk radii of 4 cm and 10 cm were
used. Actual field operating tensions were calculated using the pressure
recorded by the bottom transducer.

6\. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

None given.

6.2 Field Notes

None given.

7\. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

Multiple in situ measurements were made in the vicinity of the flux
towers for each respective site.

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The data represent determinations of the soil hydraulic properties based
on measurements made in the vicinity of the flux tower. These
measurements were made at the following tower locations:

SITE LONGITUDE LATITUDE BOREAS_X BOREAS_Y

\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--

SSA Young Aspen (YA) 105.32314W 53.65601N 374.607 310.761

SSA Old Black Spruce (OBS) 105.11779W 53.98717N 385.012 348.646

NSA Old Black Spruce (OBS) 98.48139W 55.88007N 778.216 613.516

NSA Old Jack Pine (OJP) 98.62396W 55.92842N 768.494 617.236

NSA Young Jack Pine (YJP) 98.28706W 55.89575N 789.845 617.424

SSA Old Aspen (OA) 106.19779W 53.62889N 317.198 303.403

SSA Old Jack Pine (OJP) 104.69203W 53.91634N 413.52 343.226

SSA Young Jack Pine (YJP) 104.64529W 53.87581N 416.988 339.008

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

None.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

These data values were determined from a series of point measurements.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable for point data.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

In situ measurements were taken in conjunction with soil moisture
monitoring during BOREAS IFC-1, -2, and -3 in 1994 and BOREAS IFC-1, -2,
and -3 in 1995.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

None.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

Not applicable. These soil properties do not change significantly with
time.

7.3 Data Characteristics

Data characteristics are defined in the companion data definition file
(h01_shd.def).

7.4 Sample Data Record

Sample data format shown in the companion data definition file
(h01_shd.def).

8\. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

All of the Soil Hydraulic Properties data are contained in one dataset.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The data file contains a series of numerical and character fields of
varying length separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed
within single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between the fields.
Sample data records are shown in the companion data definition file
(h01_shd.def).

9\. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

Wooding\'s equation (1958):

Q=pi\*r\^2\*K\*(1+(4\*lc)/(pi\*r))

Q is water infiltration \[vol/time\].

K is hydraulic conductivity \[length/time\].

r is disk radius \[length\].

lc is the macroscopic capillary length \[length\].

Gardner\'s hydraulic conductivity function (1958):

K(H)=KSAT\*exp(ALPHAG\*H)

ALPHAG is a fitted parameter.

H is the soil water tension.

KSAT is the saturated conductivity.

K is the hydraulic conductivity.

van Genuchten soil water retention equation (1980):

THETA(H)=RESID+(SAT-RESID)/(1+(ALPHA\*H)\^N)\^(1-(1/N))

THETA is the volumetric water content \[vol/vol\].

RESID is the residual water content at some large negative tension
\[vol/vol\].

SAT is the saturated water content \[vol/vol\].

ALPHA is an empirical fitting parameter or (1/lc)\[1/length\].

N is a fitting parameter.

H is the soil water tension.

Mualem(1976)-van Genuchten (1980) unsaturated hydraulic conductivity
function:

K(H)=KDAT\*(1-(\|ALPHA\*H\|\^(N-1))\*(1+(\|ALPHA\*H\|\^N))\^((1/N)-1))\^2
/

(1+\|ALPHA\*H\|\^N)\^((N-1)/2\*N)

KSAT is the saturated hydraulic conductivity \[length/time\]

All other variables are the same as those in the water retention
equation

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

An average value for KSAT was determined by extrapolating a fitted
Gardener. (1958) exponential function to zero tension using the low
tensions from each sequence of infiltration runs. The parameters for the
water retention and hydraulic conductivity were then simultaneously
fitted using a nonlinear fitting routine. The variables optimized were
the sum of the squared difference between the natural log of the
calculated and the measured steady state infiltration rates for the
hydraulic conductivity and the weighted volumetric water contents for
the water retention function. The fitting parameters N, ALPHA, SAT
(saturated volumetric water content) and RESID (residual water content)
are subject to the following constraints: 0 \< N \< 1, 1 \< ALPHA \<2,
SAT \< observed maximum soil moisture, and RESID \> 0.01.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

None given.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None given.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

saturated hydraulic conductivity

hydraulic conductivity

water infiltration

volumetric water content

9.4 Graphs and Plots

See Sections 10 and 11 for graphs and plots that are applicable to those
sections.

10\. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Possible sources of error are poor contact of the infiltrometer disk
with the soil surface, which reduces the actual effective disk radius
(up to 1 cm), and pressure transducer drift in the offset, which may
affect the actual tension applied to the soil (+/-2 cm).

There is no additional information available to provide a quantitative
error analysis of this data.

10.2 Quality Assessment

Soil bulk density was not measured in the field and is an estimated
value. It is not a parameter used in the retention or conductivity
functions and is provided for reference only. It is the value given in
the laboratory soil core data performed independently by other BOREAS
researchers (see Section 1.6, Related Data Sets). Where bulk density was
not provided in other data sets, a value was estimated from known values
of soils with similar texture.

Saturated and residual volumetric water content, SAT and RESID, were not
directly measured in the field. These values were treated as fitting
parameters when calculating retention and conductivity functions.
Appropriate limits were placed on these parameters based on observed
minimum and maximum water contents observed in the field measured with a
neutron probe and Time Domain (TDR). These values may not be the same as
would be found during soil core analysis because of entrapped air,
existence of macropores, etc. Nevertheless, these values gave the best
fit to the limited set of retention data collected.

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Data were validated by comparing calculated parameters with soils of
similar texture from the UNSODA data base (United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA) Salinity Lab). Parameters are currently being used in
physics-based soil water transport models (HYDRUS and WAVE) to simulate
soil water movement and for comparing to site measurements of soil water
content observed at the BOREAS sites from 1994-96.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

The authors feel that the quality of the data is very good for use at
the tower flux sites because of the numerous measurements made at the
sites.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

Quality assessments of the goodness of fit are shown in the following
graphs of the hydraulic conductivity function and the soil water
retention function for the north Old Jack Pine (OJP) site and the south
Old Aspen (OA) site. Actual field data are plotted with the calculated
values using the parameters determined.

![](media/image1.png){width="6.694444444444445in"
height="3.921527777777778in"}

![](media/image2.png){width="6.684027777777778in"
height="4.052777777777778in"}

![](media/image3.png){width="6.670833333333333in"
height="4.147916666666666in"}![](media/image4.png){width="6.691666666666666in"
height="4.232638888888889in"}

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

The data were loaded into a data base table and reviewed to ensure that
no errors occurred in loading the data.

11\. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

As one moves farther from the site the variability of soils due to
natural geologic soil genesis processes will limit the spatial extent of
the data. Although these are point measurements, it is expected that
these parameters will be used for modeling of soil water processes at
sites with similar soils similar to those at the tower site.

The parameters were derived from tension infiltrometer data from the
surface of the first mineral soil layer at each site (A-horizon).
Therefore, these parameters would most accurately represent the soil
water properties of the top 15 cm of soil. Although caution should be
used when extrapolating the use of these parameters to greater soil
depths, it is expected that these parameters will be used to model soil
water properties at depths greater than 15 cm.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None given.

11.3 Usage Guidance

See Section 12.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None given.

12\. Application of the Data Set

This data set is particularly useful for use in models needing soil
water hydraulic properties. The data are derived from in situ
measurements and parameters developed from the theories of soil physics.
This data set can be used to convert water contents to corresponding
soil water tensions and vice versa. This data set can also be used to
determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil when soil water content
or tension is known. The data set can be summarized in the following
plots of the conductivity and retention functions at each site.

![](media/image5.png){width="6.6375in" height="5.692361111111111in"}

![](media/image6.png){width="6.659722222222222in"
height="5.760416666666667in"}

13\. Future Modifications and Plans

These data are currently being used for calibration of a finite element
model of soil water movement for the BOREAS tower sites. These data
iares being used for initial calibration of the model. Model
verification is being made using the soil water transect data collected
during the 1994 IFCs and the data currently being collected at NSA-Old
Black Spruce (OBS), Old Jack Pine (OJP), Young Jack Pine (YJP) and
SSA-OBS, and OA.

In the future, it is planned to calculate sorptivity parameters for
soils at each site.

14\. Software

14.1 Software Description

Microsoft Excel for Windows 95, Version 7.0

HYDRUS - finite element model of soil water movement

WAVE - finite difference model of soil water movement

Mathcad, Version. 6.0

14.2 Software Access

Microsoft Excel and Mathcad are proprietary software packages. The
availability of HYDRUS and WAVE software is not known.

15\. Data Access

15.1 Contact Information

Ms. Beth Nelson

BOREAS Data Manager

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD

\(301\) 286-4005

\(301\) 286-0239 (fax)

Elizabeth.Nelson@gsfc.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

See Section 15.1.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may place requests by telephone, electronic mail, or fax.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The HYD-01 soil hydraulic properties data are available from the Earth
Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS), Oak Ridge
National Laboratory (ORNL), Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

The BOREAS contact at ORNL is:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

\(865\) 241-3952

ornldaac@ornl.gov

ornl@eos.nasa.gov

16\. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

Tabular ASCII files.

17\. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

Tension Infiltrometer User\'s Manual. Soil Measurement Systems, 7266 N.
Oracle Road, Suite 170, Tucson AZ, 85704.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Ankeny, M.D., T.C. Kaspar, and R. Horton. 1988. Design for an automated
tension infiltrometer. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:893-896.

BOREAS Experiment Plan. April 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study.
BOREAS Science Team. Version 2.0.

BOREAS Experiment Plan. 1995. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. BOREAS
Science Team. Version 3.1.

BOREAS Experiment Plan. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study.
(Explan-96, v2.0) BOREAS Science Team. 3-18-96. Vol. I and II.

Cuenca, R.H., D.E. Stangel, and S.F. Kelly. 1997. Soil water balance in
a boreal forest. Journal of Geophysical Research (BOREAS Special Issue)
102(D24): 29355-29366.

Gardner, W.R. 1958. Some steady state solutions to the unsaturated flow
equation with application to evaporation from a water table. Soil Sci.
85:228-232.

Hussen, A. A. and A.W. Warrick. 1993. Alternative analysis of hydraulic
data from disc tension infiltrometers. 29:4103-4108.

Jarvis, N.J. and I. Messing. 1995. Near-saturated hydraulic conductivity
in soils of contrasting texture measured by tension infiltrometers. Soil
Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59:27-34.

Mualem, Y. 1976. A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity
of unsaturated porous media. Water Resour. Res. 12:513-522.

Perroux, K. M. and I. White. 1988. Designs for disc permeameters. Soil
Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:1205-1215.

Reynolds, W. D. and D. E. Elrick. 1991. Determination of hydraulic
conductivity using a tension infiltrometer. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
55:633-639.

Sellers, P., and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study:
Experiment Plan. Version 1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P., CO~2~ F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study:
Experiment Plan. Version 1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., CO~2~ F. Hall. 1997. BOREAS Overview Paper. JGR Special
Issue (in press).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, CO~2~ K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal
Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC
94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, CO~2~ K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal
Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC
96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den
Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B. Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D.
Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal ecosystem-atmosphere
study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9):1549-1577.

Van Genuchten, M.Th. 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the
hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
44:892-898.

Warrick, A.W. 1992. Models for disc infiltrometers. Water Resour. Res.
28:1319-1327.

Wooding, R.A. 1968. Steady infiltration from a shallow circular pond.
Water Resour. Res. 4:1259-1273.

17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

18\. Glossary of Terms

ALPHA is an empirical fitting parameter or (1/lc)\[1/length\]

ALPHAG is a fitted parameter in the Gardner equation or
(1/lc)\[1/length\]

H is the soil water tension \[length\]

K is hydraulic conductivity \[length/time\]

KSAT is the saturated conductivity \[length/time\]

lc is the macroscopic capillary length \[length\]

N is a fitting parameter

Q is water infiltration \[vol/time\]

r is disk radius \[length\]

RESID is the residual water content at some large negative tension
\[vol/vol\].

SAT is the saturated water content \[vol/vol\]

THETA is the volumetric water content \[vol/vol\]

19\. List of Acronyms

BOREAS - BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

BORIS - BOREAS Information System

DAAC - Distributed Active Archive Center

EOS - Earth Observing System

EOSDIS - EOS Data and Information System

GSFC - Goddard Space Flight Center

HYD - Hydrology

IFC - Intensive Field Campaign

NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NSA - Northern Study Area

OA - Old Aspen

OBS - Old Black Spruce

OJP - Old Jack Pine

ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory

PANP - Prince Albert National Park

SSA - Southern Study Area

TE - Terrestrial Ecology

TDR - Time Domain Reflectometry

URL - Uniform Resource Locator

USDA - United States Department of Agriculture

YJP - Young Jack Pine

20\. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 18-Sep-1996

Revised: 05-Jun-1998

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 05-Jun-1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

This data was collected by Richard Cuenca, Shaun Kelly, and David
Stangel

as part of the HYD-1 investigation of the BOREAS Project.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Keywords

Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity

Soil water properties

Matric potential

Infiltration

Sorptivity

Diffusivity

Porous media

Disc permeameters

Macroscopic length scale