FermiLab

TD Note 99-065

**Status of new superconductor development**

Report of High Field Materials Low Temperature Superconductor Workshop

Seog-Whan Kim, Giorgio Ambrosio and Emanuela Barzi

Technical Devision, Development and Test Department

The Workshop

**High Field Materials Low Temperature Superconductor Workshop**

**November 1-3, 1999 \~ Santa Rosa CA**

Organized by: University of Wisconsin-Madison - Applied
superconductivity Center

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Superconducting Magnet Group

Program Committee: David Larbalestier (UW-ASC) and Ron Scanlan (LBNL)

Program Coordinator: Mel Adams (UW-ASC)

Program Assistant: Denise Roberts (UW-ASC)

Monday morning

-   Welcome \-\-- D. Larbalestier (UW-ASC) and R. Scanlan (LBNL)

    They gave welcome statements.

    The charge of the workshop is: **"It's possible to do High Field
    Magnets, we need conductor"**

    This meeting is not a conference, but a meeting for discussion. The
    result of discussions will be asked to DOE.

Magnet Needs D. Larbalestier (UW-ASC)

-   Low-Temperature Superconductor Development Requirements for the US
    Fusion Program \-\-- J. Schultz (MIT)

    After 95 budget cut of the US fusion program and cancellation of the
    superconducting Tokamak, the superconducting magnet and cable
    research met difficulties.

    The main research for the moment is international collaboration :
    KSTAR (not in a collaboration yet), ITER-RC, etc.

    He showed the specification (requirement) of the superconducting
    wires for fusion programs.

    The goal is to achieve Jc =1000 A/mm^2^ at 16T × 600 mJ/cc, and 2km
    of piece length.

    We need to develop superconducting conductors to re-activate the
    fusion research.

-   Common Coil Magnet: As a Facility to Conductor and Magnet
    development \-\-- R. Gupta (LBNL)

    The common coil arrangement has many advantages to make a better
    test facility. The merits of the common coil test facility are;

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-   It will be easier to make slit or hole for sample inserting,

-   Stronger magnetic field is possible,

-   Various conductor design (cross-sectional design),

-   Various material (Cu, NbTi, Nb~3~Sn, Nb~3~Al, HTS, etc.) can be used
    together,

-   Both Wind & React and React & Wind are possible.

    He did not mention, but the longitudinal component of the magnetic
    field has to be compensated.

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-   Common Coil Magnet: Conductor Properties and Magnet Design \-\-- S.
    Gourlay (LBNL)

    Important conductor properties for common coil magnet : Jc,
    magnetization, degradation and strain sensitivity.

    To reduce magnetization, we need to find a way to reduce Jc at low
    field with keeping high Jc at high field.

    We are trying to obtain more Jc, which is the most important
    property. They require a d~eff~ of less than 70 micron since they
    plan to use correction methods to account for magnetization.

-   High Field Magnets at BNL \-\-- P. Wanderer (BNL)

    He talked about the VLHC magnet development.

    Because of the high magnetic field, we need a new superconductor.
    (In the case of common coil field is 7 T for Phase 1, and 12.5 T for
    Phase II. Available new conductors are;

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-   Low Tc : Nb~3~Sn, Nb~3~Al

-   High Tc : BSCCO-2212, BSCCO-2223, YBCO

    Several trials of building magnets of new material; Race track coils
    of HTS tape, Nb~3~Sn tape, NbTi wire and SSC cable.

    Much more research is necessary including studies on eddy current
    and magnetization.

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-   High Field Magnet Development at Fermilab \-\-- G. Ambrosio (FNAL)

    Jc=3000 A/mm^2^ @ 12 T 4.2 K,

    d~eff~ \< 20-50 micron,

    0.85 \< Cu/non-Cu in wire \< 1.2 (Can be different in cable adding
    Cu wires)

    RRR \> 75,

    Short heat treatment,

    Low cost.

-   Conductor Optimization: Mixing Pure Cu & SC Strands in Rutherford
    Cables \-\-- P. McIntyre (TAMU)

    The main idea is separating superconducting strands and copper
    strands, and cabling with these two kinds of strands.

    This method gives more opportunity to control characteristics of the
    cable.

    We can obtain necessary magnet performance with less improvement of
    Jc.

    We can use several materials in a cable or a magnet.

    This gives an easier way to design multi layer magnets.

    Block coil geometry  stress management  optimizing conductor 
    current programming  suppress persistent current multi-poles.

-   Final Session Discussion

    There were some different opinions about the required Jc value for
    15T and 20T dipole magnet.

    One of the most important issues of this discussion is making cables
    with superconducting strands and copper strands (P. McIntyre
    suggested that)

    Even if we can increase the current capacity of the cable with the
    separated cable, we need to develop superconducting conductors with
    higher Jc.

    Some people said "Don't say impossible. Before SSC many people said
    impossible, but we achieved all we want."

Nb3Sn Conductors J. Ekin (NIST)

[A. Reports on Fabricating Conductor]{.underline}

-   Critical Issues in Developing High J~c~ Nb~3~Sn Conductors \-\-- S.
    Hong (OST)

    LBNL requirements : 0.8 mm 50% Cu, Jc \> 1030 A/mm^2^ at 15T (54
    subelements)

    63% Cu, Jc \> 2890 A/mm^2^ at 10T (42 subelements)

    TAMU and Fermilab requirements: Jc \> 2000 A/mm^2^ at 12T.

    Now developing Nb~3~Sn wires with modified jelly-roll process
    (multi-barrier method, re-stack method, etc.)

    For internal tin process we need more than 50 % of copper, but
    external tin requires only 30 % of copper.

    The present Jc record is 2200 A/mm^2^ at 12T.

    If the reaction can be done without Cu in a jelly-roll process, the
    Jc can be more than 3000 A/mm^2^(in principle). We need to study the
    effective filament diameter.

    A conductor with higher Sn ratio showed higher Jc. (also see the
    next talk)

    To reduce magnetization, we need to decrease Jc at low field.

-   Critical Issues in Developing High J~c~ Nb~3~Sn Conductors \-\-- E.
    Gregory (IGC)

    IGC is involved in KSTAR and LDX projects.

    The main process is internal tin method.

    The required critical current is 1100 A/mm^2^ at 12T.

    For High Energy Physics we need to increase Jc, reduce losses reduce
    strain sensitivity and reduce the cost.

    Barrier breaking may be solved by controlling the heat treatment
    carefully.

    A conductor with higher Sn ratio showed higher Jc in filaments.
    (also see the previous talk)

    Bigger Jc in non copper can be achieved by bigger Sn ratio in
    bronze.

    Critical issues of the process

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-   Reproducibility of the property

-   Maximize Jc

-   Small d~eff~ and good stability

-   Producing long pieces

-   Purity and hardness of materials and grain size are important also.

    To down cost, reducing Nb is necessary (Nb is an expensive
    material).

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-   Cabling and Conductor Issues from a User Perspective \-\-- R.
    Scanlan (LBNL)

    All the cables for national labs and universities are made at LBNL.

    10 companies are developing Nb~3~Sn and 3 national labs need cables.

    Conductor development goals

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-   Jc: 3000 A/mm^2^ @ 12T 4.2 K (Je = 1000 A/mm^2^),

-   φ~eff~ \< 80 μm (below flux jump stability limit),

-   Jc permanent degradation @ ε \< 0.5%

-   Low Jc degradation @ σ \< 100 MPa,

-   Unit piece length \> 10 Km,

-   Billet \> 100 Kg,

-   Wire cost \< 1.5 \$ / KA m \-\-- 200 \$ / Kg (final version)

-   Should be suitable for react & wind and wind & react.

-   Short (fast) heat treatment (less than a week).

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-   Mechanical Effects on Pre-reacted Six-Around-One Nb~3~Sn Cable and
    Other HEP Conductor Issues \-\-- A. Ghosh (BNL)

    They use 6 around 1 cable to reduce the effect of Lorentz force.
    They should be careful because of the increased inductance.

    In the Nb~3~Sn wire development, obviously increasing Jc is the most
    important thing, but also we have to control loss and d~eff~.

    To control the properties, we must understand what happens in the
    wires or cables.  R&D is essential (Even if it takes long time).

    [B. SBIR Reports]{.underline}

-   Novel Nb3 Sn Development at Supercon -- Work in Progress \-\-- T.
    Wong (Supercon)

    PIT has many advantages as follows;

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-   Good for micro-structure engineering,

-   Short d~eff~ (20 μm),

-   Jc improvement possible (1250 A/mm^2^ at 13T ).

-   Low degradation.

    To reduce filament size, they are trying to make uniform and fine
    grains.

    Also trying to adding Zr, Ga and Mg (I did not understand how these
    materials work).

    They are studying tube making method; wrap sheet and hot extrusion.

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-   Superconducting Systems SBIR Results \-\-- S. Pourrahimi (SSI)

    Just opened company.

    Main item is Nb~3~Al conductor for 850MHz NMR. Also developing
    Nb~3~Sn conductor.

    They succeeded in making Nb~3~Al joint.

    They are trying to achieve;

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-   Nb~3~Al conductor of Jc =100 A/mm^2^ at 20T 4.2K.

-   Flexible Nb~3~Al wire.

-   Nb~3~Sn conductor of Jc = 2000 A/mm^2^ at 12T 4.2K (not proved
    because untested yet)

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-   Possible Approaches for Manufacturing Nb~3~Sn Wires and the Possible
    Effect on Cost/Performance \-\-- M. Tomsic (EURUS)

    He explained their continuous tube forming and filling method and
    the cassette drawing method.

    Deformation and uniformity of a wire is affected much by drawing.

-   Supergenics LLC SBIR Results \-\-- B. Zeitlin (Supergenics LLC)

    They use internal tin process.

    This process was suggested by Hashimoto in 1974. In the US this
    process was used from 1983 (LBNL and BNL. Also used for ITER)

    Now, this process is becoming more and more complicated.

    To reduce the cost, we can consider

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-   Removing barrier

-   Separating copper

    More cost down can be obtained by mass-production. Probably
    \$240/kg.

    To improve Jc at high field

-   Adding Ti in Sn

-   Fine filament (1 -- 2 μm).

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-   Fabrication of Rare Earth Doped Nb3 Sn Superconductors \-\-- J.
    Miller (Alchemet)

    He explained the process to make artificial pinning centers in
    Nb~3~Sn

    (Nb~6~Sn~5~ + 9Nb = 5Nb~3~Sn)

    The best result was obtained by Ce doping; 40A at 16 T (Jc=?)

    Material uniformity is the most important factor.

    [C. Reports on Characterizing and Understanding Nb3Sn]{.underline}

-   Some Things We Don't Understand About Nb~3~Sn and the Opportunities
    that this Presents \-\-- D. Larbalestier (UW-ASC)

    He listed several questions to be solved during the R&D.

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-   Nb~3~Sn is inhomogeneous (NbTi is more homogeneous). This
    inhomogeneity may affect critical field and temperature. How
    affects?

-   Why inhomogeneous?

-   How can we control the grain size (grain size determines pinning
    center density)?

-   Now we are running to increase Jc. But how much should be the Tc,
    B^\*^ and B~c2~?

-   Also we have many questions about fabrication process.

    We don't have sufficient data yet.

    To answer the questions,

-   we need to design new composites

-   we need to characterize over wide range of B.

-   we need to understand the relationship between microscopic
    characteristics and the property of the wire.

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-   Studies of Composition and T~c~ Profile in PIT Nb~3~Sn \-\-- C.
    Hawes (UW-ASC)

    He showed measured resistivity and specific heat of reacted Nb~3~Sn
    conductor.

    The reaction times were 2, 4 16 and 47 hours.

    16 hour reaction may be long enough.

-   Study of Sn-Cu Interdiffusion in 2 TWC/OST Internal Sn Strands
    \-\-- M. Naus (UW-ASC)

    Internal tin wire showed better critical current at 12 T than bronze
    process.

    He showed many phase diagrams and cross-section photographs.

    He focused on how big is the β and ε phases.

-   Nb3 Sn Microstructure Property Relationships \-\-- P. Lee (UW-ASC)

    ![](media/image1.wmf)He showed B-T curves of several conductors made
    with internal tin method and bronze method.

    He measured samples from several manufactures.

    The conductor of the best grain size (fine and uniform in
    longitudinal direction) was EM-LMI conductor, and Mitsubishi
    conductor gave the best performance (Highest Ic ?).

    He said bronze method is better than internal tin method.

-   Heat Treatment Study of Nb~3~Sn Strands for the Fermilab's High
    Field Dipole Model \-\-- E. Barzi (FERMI)

    Showed how short heat treatments do not compromise Sn diffusion, do
    not degrade I~c~ either, and preserve the RRR enough for magnet
    applications. Hence they should be favored for cost reduction.

-   Behavior of Rutherford Cables of Nb~3~Sn with Transverse Pressure
    \-\-- D. Dietderich (LBNL)

    All the measurements were done at NHMFL.

    They measured critical currents of stacked Nb~3~Sn Rutherford cables
    (Jc = 2000 A/mm^2^).

    Measurements were done in both of the face-on and edge-on magnetic
    fields.

    The critical current is lower under a bigger stress.

    ![](media/image2.wmf)TWCA and Oxford jelly-roll cable showed similar
    results, but IGC internal tin cable showed a little bit less Ic
    value.

    Reasons of different Ic.

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-   Cu distribution,

-   Sub-element size and distribution,

-   Composition of sub-element.

-   

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-   Open Issues in Nb3 Sn Processing \-\-- M. Suenaga (BNL)

    Nb filaments physically move at early stage of heat treatment.

    ![](media/image3.wmf)

-   Final Session Discussion

    How important is the microscopic research? ( How much research fund
    do we have to pay? )

    Different opinions about characterization of Nb~3~Sn conductor;

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-   Some people said that we need to build a characterization method
    (mechanical, chemical, electrical )

-   Somebody said we need more experience to build that.

-   For the moment, the most important process of Nb~3~Sn is internal
    tin (Oxford, IGC), but the uncertainty is too big to characterize.

    Again, some people discussed the separation of superconducting cable
    and copper cable. The conclusion was "worth to try, but anyway we
    need to increase the Jc."

    Why AC characteristics are not included the cable specification.

Tuesday morning

-   20 T or Bust \-\-- Dave Sutter (DOE-HEP)

    He explained;

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-   What is HEP?

-   Why we need to build accelerators with higher energy?

-   We need to develop superconducting magnet.

    Now we have two options; high field option and low field option.

    Also we have many research groups. Each group is making progress.

    The most important thing is cost down. But when we consider cost
    down;

-   We have to consider the total cost of the machine,

-   There should be an operation margin,

-   We should care the radiation,

-   Don't try the cheapest. Try affordable.

-   Computer design is not a real magnet. We must be more careful.

    The conclusion : 20T or bust!

Nb~3~Al Processing and Properties E.W. Collings (OSU)

-   Introduction to NbAl Processing and Properties \-\-- E.W.Collings
    (OSU)

    Research collaboration with DoE/HEP and NRIN (Japan)

    Several processes were developed; Rod-in-tube, Jelly-roll,
    Powder-in-tube.

    Key issues are;

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-   Mechanical : bonding, drawing

-   Chemical : Nb-Al ratio, laminate thickness.

    Cassette die is a promising tool for drawing.

    The most important thing is to make long cables.

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-   Progress in NbAl Processing at the Ohio State University and Review
    Of Present Status of US/Japan Progress in the Field \-\-- M.
    Sumption (OSU)

    ![](media/image4.wmf)Much research is undergoing with collaboration
    with Japanese industries.

    He showed many plots measured by Japanese group and introduced OSU
    reel-to-reel machine. This machine is fully operational.

    Hitachi ICEC16 conductor showed the best Ic result and NRIM 1.5μ RIT
    conductor showed lowest Ic result (see right figure).

    Main research issue is to find factors that affect the Jc.

-   Jelly Roll Nb~3~Al Conductors by Hydrostatic Extrusion \-\-- T.
    Wong(Supercon)

    The speaker was Mark. K. Rudziak.

    They used warm hydrostatic extrusion, and produced a conductor
    (Nb:Al volume ratio is 3.85:1).

    There was a breakage at 37m in 0.69 mmφ.

    Heat treatment was 10 hours at 800°C.

    A wire of smaller diameter showed higher Jc value.

    They seem to have many problems to produce long wires.

-   NbAl Precursor Fabrication at IGC and Innovare \-\-- E. Gregory
    (IGC)

    He said Resistive heating Ga rapid quenching method is the best (
    for what ?).

    Best record is 450 A/mm^2^ at 12 T (jelly-roll)

    It is very difficult to make long wire of NbAl, because;

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-   It is impossible to increase temperature,

-   The difference between melting point and stable oxides is big.

    Trying to develop fabrication technique; jello-roll process,
    re-stack method.

    Also developing drawing method;

-   Grooved rolling followed by cassette die drawing,

-   Alternate swaging and drawing

-   Hydrostatic extrusion

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-   NbAl Precursor Fabrication at OST \-\-- S. Hong (OST)

    He made a very short talk

    They tried extrusion and re-stacked billet.

    Barrier breaking (by melting Al) was observed. Pre-heat treatment
    temperature was 400°C.

    At high field, Nb~3~Sn and Nb~3~Al showed similar Jc values.

-   A Method for Producing Nb~3~Al Precursor Wire \-\-- J. Hendricks
    (ACE)

    They don't have a funded program to develop this wire.

    They are developing a new process, which is a mixture of MJR and
    PIT.

    Make a sandwich with Nb and Al  compress  Jelly roll.

    This method may relax problems caused by difference of material
    strength.

    Somebody (I don't remember who) comments that jelly rolling is less
    important than drawing.

    The question is whether this method makes the drawing easier or not.

-   Innovative Approaches to NbAl Precursor Fabrication and Attachment
    of Copper Stabilizer after Rapid Quenching \-\-- M. Tomsic (EURUS)

    Several issues and options concerning the fabrication process;

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-   compaction process,

-   round powdered roll forming,

-   hex groove rolling,

-   swaging,

-   there are many process options.

    They add Cu after rapid quenching step. This gives a way to put the
    exact amount of copper.

    Design and installation of the process is in the final step.

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-   Final Session Discussion

    S. Pourrahimi said;

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-   Making thinner filaments is not the only way to increase Bc,

-   Even if the filament size is big, a good heat treatment will give
    more Bc.

    R. Scanlan asked companies about their facility;

-   Companies said that their facilities have limits,

-   Japanese companies have much better devices,

-   Also they need much room for the drawing processes. Need to try
    hydro-static extrusion.

    Laboratories have some flexible facilities. Useful?

HTS R. Scanlan (LBNL)

-   Ic Testing Possibilities at NIST and International Standards
    \-\-- L. Goodrich (NIST)

    Japanese companies are playing important roles.

    We can follow that, but in that case we have to fit to the Japanese
    standards.

-   Transverse Stress Effect in Bi-2212, Bi-2223, and YBCO Coated
    Conductor \-\-- J. Ekin (NIST)

    Strain stress characteristic of an LTS is reversible, but that of a
    HTS is irreversible.

    So far 2212 seemed to be inferior to 2223 or YBCO. The performance
    of 2212 is continuously improving, but we need to study why 2212 is
    inferior.

    They measured degradation of a few cables after pressing
    (degradation test) from IGC, Oxford and Showa..

    2212 samples showed about 10% of degradation after 100 MPa pressing.

    2223 samples showed about 3 % of degradation.

    However, the direct comparison between 2212 and 2223 is difficult,
    because the shapes of the two samples were different (2212 has
    square cross-section, but 2223 has round).

    They did not make 10 cycle test. They thought that 1 cycle is enough
    because of the irreversibility.

    Samples showed less degradation than expected.

-   Behavior of Bi-2212 Rutherford Cables with Transverse Pressure
    \-\-- D. Dietderich (LBNL)

    They measured Ic variation with strain.

    Cables with thick core and those with orange like cross-section were
    measured at NHMFL.

    They used the same sample holder and split magnet shown at the
    previous presentation.

    Results of the measurements;

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-   Edge loading and face loading did not show a big difference,

-   Ic degradation is permanent,

-   Cables show similar degradation to round wires,

    Reason of the degradation;

-   strand internal geometry,

-   defect during the heat treatment.

    The degradation is irreversible. Will pressing degraded cable make
    more degradation?

    Also we need to characterize the degradation.

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-   High Field 4.2K Evaluation of ASC Production Wire \-\-- A. Squitieri
    (UW-ASC)

    He showed Jc measurement results of two wires (2223 Ag tapes)

-   2212 Processing Issues \-\-- E. Hellstrom (UW-ASC)

    ![](media/image5.wmf)He reported the status of HTS development by
    Japanese industry, which was presented at a Japanese workshop two
    weeks before. Hot issues presented at the Japanese workshop were as
    follows.

    Showa : Pre-annealing intermediate rolling

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-   4.2 K 0 T 800,000 A/cm^2^,

-   4.2 K 10 T 500,000 A/cm^2^ (short sample)

-   4.2 K 10 T 400,000 A/cm^2^ (long length)

-   They have an important steps in their process; burning organic
    materials in 400 \~ 600°C and eliminating carbon in 835 \~ 860°C.

-   The effect of 2122 layer thickness is as the figure.

    Toshiba : 2212 on Ni/NiO

-   ![](media/image6.wmf)He doubted usefulness of this conductor because
    Ni is a magnetic material.

    Hitachi : rotation symmetric arranged tape-in-tube wire.

-   This arrangement eliminates non-isotropic behavior of a wire.

-   They said they could make more than 10 km of this wire.

    One of the most important conclusions was that 2212 can become a
    useful material.

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-   Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition of High Temperature Ceramic
    Insulator Coatings on Superconductor Wires \-\-- S. Shoup
    (Microcoating Technologies)

    It was their first time to attend this meeting.

    The purpose of attending this time is to introduce their products.

    She said that they can make very thin coating on superconducting
    wires with their "Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition" technique.

    This technique may help design superconducting magnet.

    Also it is possible to make coating only on parts of the surface.

-   Percolation Effects in Coated Conductors \-\-- D. Larbalestier
    (UW-ASC)

    He introduced a new observation technique; magneto-optical
    technique.

    With this technique we can clearly observe cracks, seams or
    barriers.

    He used this technique to observe the effect of nickel substrate
    grain structure on YBCO connectivity in coated conductor. He showed
    some photos of cross-sections.

-   MIT Lead: An HTS Current Lead Incorporating Operation in the
    Current-Sharing Mode \-\-- Y. Iwasa (MIT)

    He described their current lead made of HTS and Ag-Au stabilizer.

    They calculated the heat balance and optimized the lead. (He showed
    many equations.)

    Also they calculated by a numerical way, and measurements were done.

    Analytic calculation showed a very good agreement with the measured
    values. In the case of IGC lead, the values calculated from
    equations has less error than those from numerical calculation.

-   Final Session Discussion

    P. McIntyre gave a short talk about stress measurement of 2212
    cables. He said the cable is an armored spring core cable.
    Unfortunately I don't remember what was his conclusion. (Did he
    conclude anything?)

    Some discussions on stress reversibility;

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-   It is not strange that a brittle material shows irreversibility,

-   We don't need to focus on the reversibility. What we need is wires
    with adequate performance and affordable price.

    HTS is being developed fast. Probably we can buy satisfactory HTS
    wires with affordable prices 4 or 5 years later. It is important to
    develop a technique of making long length.

    Also LTS market is growing. The more important issue for this
    community is LTS.

    Laboratories and universities want to activate as much R&D as
    possible. But companies are careful since they have to survive.

    Many other discussions about fabrication process and cost down were
    made;

-   Improving YBCO conductor,

-   Hybrid type conductor,

-   Highly polished Ni plate

-   Etc.

Open Discussion on R&D Issues E.W.Collings (OSU)

D. Larbalestier (UW-ASC)

R. Scanlan (LBNL)

B. Strauss (DOE-HEP)

Supercon said that they can reduce the fabrication cost by their new
technique;

-   Drawing superconducting wire without copper or with a very small
    amount of copper,

-   Copper can be added in cabling,

-   Also it is possible to increase the Jc.

-   Mass production will give more cost down.

    We need to understand the physics in the material. Without
    understanding the R&D will meet a limitation.

    Some discussions about how we can exchange the information and
    results obtained by the research programs.

    Money

-   SBIRs (now: 7 phase I, 5 phase II),

-   500 K\$ for this FY, lab procurements.

    Deliverables (Phase I -- process development):

-   Row material specs,

-   samples at key process steps to Univ. and labs.

-   final report by manufacturers,

-   material for coils to be tested.

    Deliverables (Phase II -- scale up: after 2-3 years when a good
    process has been developed):

-   all previous items,

-   wire for a 1m long magnet,

-   production scale up cost analysis.

    Program organization

-   director: Ron Scanlan,

-   Steering/advisor(??) committee: 3labs + Winsconsin Univ, OSU, TAMU.

-   Contracts will go through Scanlan (after speaking with steering
    committee),

-   money are for industries and common facility.

-   Workshop report: will be prepared by Ron, checked by steering
    committee.

    Big companies were very careful, but small companies were rather
    aggressive.

Transparencies used for report talk

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Attendee List

Mel Adams

University of Wisconsin-Madison

1500 Engineering Dr., 917 ERB

MADISON WI 53706-1687

PHONE: 608/263-5029

FAX: 608/263-1087

E-MAIL: <madams@engr.wisc.edu>

Giorgio Ambrosio

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

P.O. Box 500, MS 316

BATAVIA IL 60510

PHONE: 630/840-2297

FAX: 630/840-2383

E-MAIL: <giorgioa@fnal.gov>

Emanuela Barzi

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

P.O. Box 500, MS 316

BATAVIA IL 60510

PHONE: 630/840-3446

FAX: 630/840-2383

E-MAIL: <barzi@fnal.gov>

Florin Buta

Ohio State University

Materials Science & Engineering

477 Watts Hall

2041 College Rd.

COLUMBUS OH 43210

PHONE: 614/688-3684

FAX: 614/688-3677

E-MAIL: <florin+@osu.edu>

Ted Collings

Ohio State University

Materials Science & Engineering

477 Watts Hall

2041 College Rd.

COLUMBUS OH 43210-1179

PHONE: 614/688-3701

FAX: 614/688-3677

E-MAIL: <ted+@osu.edu>

Lance Cooley

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Applied Superconductivity Center

1500 Engineering Dr.,937 ERB

MADISON WI 53706

PHONE: 608/262-8291

FAX: 608/263-1087

E-MAIL: <ldcooley@facstaff.wisc.edu>

George Cui

MicroCoating Technologies

3839 Green Industrial Way

CHAMBLEE GA 30341

PHONE: 678/287-2448

FAX: 678/287-3201

E-MAIL: <gcui@microcoating.com>

Dan Dietderich

University of California-Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 46-161

BERKELEY CA 94720

PHONE: 510/486-6087

FAX: 510/486-5310

E-MAIL: <drdietderich@lbl.gov>

Jack Ekin

National Institute of Standards and Technology

325 Broadway, Mail Stop 814.05

BOULDER CO 80303

PHONE: 303/497-5448

FAX: 303/497-5316

E-MAIL: <ekin@boulder.nist.gov>

Arup Ghosh

Brookhaven National Laboratory

P.O. Box 5000

17 Cornell Avenue,

Bldg. 902-A

UPTON NY 11973-5000

PHONE: 631/344-3974

FAX: 631/344-2190

E-MAIL: <ghosh1@bnl.gov>

Loren Goodrich

National Institute of Standards and Tech

325 Broadway,

Mailcode 814.05

BOULDER CO 80303-3328

PHONE: 303/497-3143

FAX: 303/497-5316

E-MAIL: <goodrich@boulder.nist.gov>

Steve Gourlay

University of California-Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

1 Cyclotron Road, MS 46-161

BERKELEY CA 94720

PHONE: 510/486-7156

FAX: 510/486-5310

E-MAIL: <sagourlay@lbl.gov>

Eric Gregory

IGC Advanced Superconductors Inc.

1875 Thomaston Ave.

WATERBURY CT 06704

PHONE: 203/753-5215 ext. 227

FAX: 203/753-2096

E-MAIL: <gregory@mail1.nai.net>

Ramesh Gupta

University of California-Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

1 Cyclotron Road, MS 46-161

BERKELEY CA 94720

PHONE: 510/495-2250

FAX: 510/486-5310

E-MAIL: <rgupta@lbl.gov>

Alex Gurevich

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Applied Superconductivity Center

1500 Engineering Drive, 605 ERB

MADISON WI 53706

PHONE: 608/263-2549

FAX: 608/263-1087

E-MAIL: <agourevi@facstaff.wisc.edu>

Bill Hassenzahl

Advanced Energy Analysis

3756 Grand Avenue, Suite 404

OAKLAND CA 94610

PHONE: 510/452-1010

FAX: 510/452-1033

E-MAIL: <advenergy1@aol.com>

Chris Hawes

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Applied Superconductivity Center

1500 Engineering Drive, 605 ERB

MADISON WI 53706

PHONE: 608/263-4462

FAX: 608/263-1087

E-MAIL: <hawes@cae.wisc.edu>

Eric Hellstrom

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Applied Superconductivity Center

1500 Engineering Drive, 911 ERB

MADISON WI 53706

PHONE: 608/263-9462

FAX: 608/263-1087

E-MAIL: <hellstrom@engr.wisc.edu>

John Hendricks

Alabama Cryogenic Engineering, Inc.

P.O. Box 2470

HUNTSVILLE AL 35804

PHONE: 256/536-8629

FAX: 256/536-8645

E-MAIL: <aceinc@mindspring.com>

Seung Hong

Oxford Superconducting Technology

600 Milik St.

CARTERET NJ 07008-0429

PHONE: 732/541-1300 ext. 215

FAX: 732/541-7769

E-MAIL: <seutthong@aol.com>

Yukikazu Iwasa

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory

185 Albany St., Room NW 14-3101

CAMBRIDGE MA 02139-4307

PHONE: 617/253-5548

FAX: 617/253-5405

E-MAIL: <iwasa@jokaku.pfc.mit.edu>

Alan Jackson

University of California-Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

1 Cyclotron Rd.

BERKELEY CA 94720

PHONE: 510/486-7384

FAX: 510/486-5310

E-MAIL: <ajackson@lbl.gov>

Juris Kaugerts

BWX Technologies, Inc.

P.O. Box 785, Mt. Athos Rd.

LYNCHBURG VA 24505-0785

PHONE: 804-522-6560

FAX: 804-522-6905

E-MAIL: <juris.kaugerts@mcdermott.com>

Seog-Whan Kim

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

P.O. Box 500, MS 316

BATAVIA IL 60510

PHONE: 630/840-2735

FAX: 630/840-2383

E-MAIL: <swkim@fnal.gov>

David Larbalestier

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Applied Superconductivity Center

1500 Engineering Dr., 915 ERB

MADISON WI 53706-1687

PHONE: 608/263-2194

FAX: 608/263-1087

E-MAIL: <larbales@engr.wisc.edu>

Peter Lee

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Applied Superconductivity Center

1500 Engineering Dr., 939 ERB

MADISON WI 53706-1687

PHONE: 608/263-1760

FAX: 608/263-1087

E-MAIL: <peterlee@facstaff.wisc.edu>

William K. McDonald

Alabama Cryogenic Engineering, Inc.

P.O. Box 2470

HUNTSVILLE AL 35804

PHONE: 256/536-8629

FAX: 256/536-8645

E-MAIL: <aceinc@mindspring.com>

Al McInturff

University of California-Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

1 Cyclotron Road, MS 46-161

BERKELEY CA 94720

PHONE: 510/486-7242

FAX: 510/486-5310

E-MAIL: <mcinturff@seminole.lbl.gov>

Peter McIntyre

Texas A & M University

Department of Physics

Spence Street, Room 237

COLLEGE STATION TX 77843

PHONE: 409/845-7727

FAX: 409/845-2590

E-MAIL: <mcintyre@physics.tamu.edu>

Jaydee Miller

Alchemet, Inc. (Pyromet)

5 Commerce Drive

ASTON PA 19014

PHONE: 610/497-2803

FAX: 610/566-7119

E-MAIL: <alchemet@libertynet.org>

Michael Naus

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Applied Superconductivity Center

1500 Engineering Dr., 602 ERB

MADISON WI 53706-1687

PHONE: 608/263-4462

FAX: 608/263-1087

E-MAIL: <naus@cae.wisc.edu>

Jeff Parrell

Oxford Superconducting Technology

600 Milik Street

CARTERET NJ 07008-0429

PHONE: 732/541-1300

FAX: 732/541-7769

E-MAIL: <parrell@ndi.net>

Shahin Pourrahimi

Superconducting Systems Inc.

90 Rumford Avenue

WALTHAM MA 02453

PHONE: 781/642-6702

FAX: 781/642-6705

E-MAIL: <pourrahimi@superconductingsystems.com>

Tae Young Pyon

IGC Advanced Superconductors, Inc.

1875 Thomaston Ave.

WATERBURY CT 06704

PHONE: 203/753-5215x226

FAX: 203/753-2096

E-MAIL: <tpyon@as.igc.com>

John Rice

Composite Technology Development, Inc.

1505 Coal Creek Dr.

LAFAYETTE CO 80026

PHONE: 303/664-0394

FAX: 303/664-0392

E-MAIL: <john@ctd-materials.com>

Denise Roberts

UW-ASC

1500 Engineering Dr., #905 ERB

MADISON WI 53706

PHONE: 608/263-5027

FAX: 608/263-1087

E-MAIL: <deroberts@facstaff.wisc.edu>

Mark Rudziak

Supercon, Inc.

830 Boston Turnpike

SHREWSBURY MA 01545

PHONE: 508/842-0174

FAX: 508/842-0847

E-MAIL: <supercn@aol.com>

William Sampson

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Superconducting Magnet Group

RHIC Project

P.O. Box 5000, Building 902

UPTON NY 11973-5000

PHONE: 631/344-2036

FAX: 631/282-2190

E-MAIL: <ghosh1@bnl.gov>

Ronald Scanlan

University of California-Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

1 Cyclotron Road, MS 46-161

BERKELEY CA 94720

PHONE: 510/486-7241

FAX: 510/486-5310

E-MAIL: <rmscanlan@lbl.gov>

Joel Schultz

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Plasma Science & Fusion Center

185 Albany Street, NW22-213

CAMBRIDGE MA 02139

PHONE: 617/253-8151

FAX: 617/253-0807

E-MAIL: <jhs@psfc.mit.edu>

Shara Shoup

MicroCoating Technologies

3839 Green Industrial Way

CHAMBLEE GA 30341

PHONE: 678/287-2478

FAX: 678/287-3201

E-MAIL: <sshoup@microcoating.com>

Alex Squitieri

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Applied Superconductivity Center

1500 Engineering Drive, Room 620 ERB

MADISON WI 53706

PHONE: 608/263-1027

FAX: 608/263-1087

E-MAIL: <squitieri@engr.wisc.edu>

Bill Starch

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Applied Superconductivity Center

1500 Engineering Drive, Room 605 ERB

MADISON WI 53706

PHONE: 608/263-8923

FAX: 608/263-1087

E-MAIL: <wlstarch@facstaff.wisc.edu>

Bruce Strauss

US Department of Energy

High Energy Physics

19901 Germantown Road, SC-224

GERMANTOWN MD 20874-1290

PHONE: 301/903-3705

FAX: 301/903-2597

E-MAIL: <bruce.strauss@science.doe.gov>

Masaki Suenaga

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Department of Applied Science

P.O. Box 5000, Bldg. 480

UPTON NY 11973-5000

PHONE: 631/344-3518

FAX: 631/344-4071

E-MAIL: <mas@sun2.bnl.gov>

Mike Sumption

Ohio State University

Material and Science Engineering

477 Watts Hall, 2041 College Rd.

COLUMBUS OH 43210

PHONE: 614/688-3684

FAX: 614/688-3677

E-MAIL: <mdsumption+@osu.edu>

David Sutter

US Department of Energy

High Energy Physics

19901 Germantown Road, SC-224

GERMANTOWN MD 20874-1290

PHONE: 301/903-5228

FAX: 301/903-2597

E-MAIL: <hep-tech@science.doe.gov>

Richard Thome

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Plasma Science & Fusion Center

185 Albany Street

NW22-229

CAMBRIDGE MA 02139

PHONE: 617/253-8155

FAX: 617/253-0807

E-MAIL: <thome@psfc.mit.edu>

Mike Tomsic

EURUS Technologies, Inc.

110 E. Canal St.

TROY OH 45373

PHONE: 937/332-0348

FAX: 937/332-0898

E-MAIL: <mtomsic@teameurus.com>

Barry Valder

Oremet Wah Chang

P.O. Box 460

ALBANY OR 97321

PHONE: 541/967-6908

FAX: 541/967-6994

E-MAIL: <barry.valder@oremetwahchang.com>

Peter Wanderer

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Superconducting Magnet Division

P.O. Box 5000, Building 902

UPTON NY 11973-5000

PHONE: 631/344-7687

FAX: 631/344-2190

E-MAIL: <wanderer@bnl.gov>

Terrence Wong

Supercon, Inc.

830 Boston Turnpike

SHREWSBURY MA 01545

PHONE: 508/842-0174

FAX: 508/842-0847

E-MAIL: <wongterry@aol.com>

Bruce Zeitlin

Supergenics LLC

1233 Tree Bay Lane

SARASOTA FL 34242

PHONE: 941/349-0930

FAX: 941/349-0933

E-MAIL: <brucezeitlin@home.com>