CONSTRUCTION STANDARD SPECIFICATION

SECTION 15051

[PIPING SYSTEMS]{.underline}

[[PART 1 - GENERAL 2]{.underline}](#general)

[1.01 Summary 2](#summary)

[1.02 References 3](#references)

[1.03 Submittals 6](#submittals)

[1.04 Quality Assurance 7](#quality-assurance)

[1.05 Delivery, Storage, and Handling 8](#delivery-storage-and-handling)

[PART 2 - PRODUCTS 8](#products)

[2.01 Acceptable Manufacturers 8](#acceptable-manufacturers)

[2.02 Materials for Saturated Steam Systems aboveground
8](#materials-for-saturated-steam-systems-above-ground)

[2.03 Materials for Space Heating, Chilled, Process, and Tower Water
Systems (including water/glycol solution)
11](#materials-for-space-heating-chilled-process-and-tower-water-systems-including-waterglycol-solution)

[2.04 Materials for Fuel Gas and Liquified Propane Gas Systems
aboveground
17](#materials-for-fuel-gas-and-liquified-propane-gas-systems-above-ground)

[2.05 Materials for Compressed Air Systems (200 psig and under)
18](#materials-for-compressed-air-systems-200-psig-and-under)

[2.06 Materials for Process Vacuum Systems
20](#materials-for-process-vacuum-systems)

[2.07 Equipment 22](#equipment)

[PART 3 - EXECUTION 23](#execution)

[3.01 Piping Installation 23](#piping-installation)

[3.02 Tests 30](#tests)

CONSTRUCTION STANDARD SPECIFICATION

SECTION 15051

[PIPING SYSTEMS]{.underline}

# GENERAL {#general .SECTION1-+-Underline}

## Summary {#summary .Style-SECTION1.01-+-All-Caps}

A.  Materials and operations required for the installation of piping
    systems, including pipe fittings, valves, equipment, joints, and
    tests for the following systems:

    1.  Steams and Condensate

        a.  Aboveground

        b.  Underground: Reference Sandia Construction Standard
            Specification Section 02558, Preinsulated Underground Pipe
            for Steam and Condensate Service.

    2.  Heating Water, Chilled Water, and Process Water (including
        water/glycol solutions):

        a.  Aboveground

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        a.  Underground: Reference Sandia Construction Standard
            Specification Section 02551, Underground Hydronic
            Distribution Systems.

    3.  Tower Water Piping

        a.  Aboveground

        b.  Underground

    4.  Fuel Gas

        a.  Aboveground

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        a.  Underground: Reference Sandia Construction Standard
            Specification Section 02553, Exterior Gas Piping Systems.

    5.  Compressed Air

        a.  Aboveground

        b.  Underground

    6.  Vacuum

        a.  Aboveground

B.  Pipe and fittings to be used for modifications or additions shall be
    the same material as the existing systems being modified, but shall
    conform to the following, unless otherwise indicated on the
    applicable contract drawings.

C.  Piping materials and installation procedures shall conform to ASME
    B31.3, Process Piping, the International Mechanical Code, and this
    Section.

## References {#references .Style-SECTION1.01-+-All-Caps}

The current editions of the following standards are a part of this
specification.

A.  Sandia National Laboratories Construction Standard Specifications
    and Drawings:

    Section 01065 ES&H for Construction and Service Contracts

    Section 01330 Submittal Procedures

    Section 02200 Earthwork

    Section 02551 Underground Hydronic Distribution Systems

    Section 02553 Exterior Gas Piping Systems

    Section 02558 Pre-Insulated Underground Pipe for Steam and
    Condensate

    Section 09900 Painting

    Section 15050 Basic Mechanical Materials and Methods

    Section 15200 Vibration Limits and Control

    Section 15083 Piping and Equipment Insulation

    WG5007STD Gas Meter Detail

B.  American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

ASME B1.1 Unified Screw Threads

ASME B1.2 Pipe Threads, General Purpose

ASME B16.3 Malleable Iron Thread Fittings Classes 150 and 300

ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

ASME B16.9 Factory-made Wrought Steel Butt Welding Fittings

ASME B16.11 Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded

ASME B16.18 Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings

ASME B16.22 Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Pressure
Fittings

ASME B16.24 Bronze Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class 150 and 300

ASME B16.33 Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping
Systems up To 125 psi (Sizes NPS ½ Through NPS 2)

ASME B16.34 Valves - Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End

ASME B31.3 Process Piping

ASME B40.100 Pressure Gauges and Gauge Attachments Incorporating ASME
B40.1 and ASME B40.7

C.  American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM A53 Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and
Seamless

ASTM A126 Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings

ASTM A153 Zinc Coating (Hot Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware

ASTM A182 Forged or Rolled Alloy Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings and
Valves and Parts for High Temperature Service

ASTM A193 Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High
Temperature Service

ASTM A194 Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure and
High Temperature Service

ASTM A234 Pipe Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for
Moderate and Elevated Temperatures

ASTM A307 Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 psi Tensile Strength

ASTM A536 Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings

ASTM B43 Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard
Sizes

ASTM B61 Standard Specification for Steam or Valve Bronze Casting

ASTM B88 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube

ASTM B280 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air
Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service

ASTM B687 Standard Specification for Brass, Copper and Chromium-Plated
Pipe Nipples

ASTM B819 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Medical
Gas Systems

ASTM B828 Standard Practice for Making Capillary Joint by Soldering of
Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings

ASTM D 2000 Standard Classification for Rubber Products ...

ASTM F402 Standard Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings

ASTM F437 Standard Specification for Threaded CPVC Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 80

ASTM F439 Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Plastic pipe Fittings, Schedule 80

ASTM F441 Standard Specification for CPVC Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and
80

ASTM F1476 Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical
Couplings for use in Piping Applications

D.  American Water Works Association (AWWA)

    ANSI/AWWA C606 AWWA Standard for Grooved and Shouldered Joints

E.  American Welding Society (AWS)

    AWS A5.8 Specification for Brazing Filler Metal

    AWS B2.1-8-005 Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Gas
    Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel, 18 Through 10
    Gauge, In the As-welded Condition, With or Without Backing Site
    License.

    AWS B2.2 Standard for Brazing Procedure and Performance
    Qualification

F.  International Code Council (ICC)

    IMC International Mechanical Code

    IPC International Plumbing Code

    IFGC International Fuel Gas Code

G.  American Gas Association (AGA)

H.  Copper Development Association

## Submittals {#submittals .Style-SECTION1.01-+-All-Caps}

A.  General: All required submittals shall be per Sandia Construction
    Standard Specification Section 01330, Submittal Procedures.
    Submittal data is only required on products proposed as
    substitutions to those which are listed within this specification or
    when such data is specifically required by the universal
    construction package's descriptive submittal form. Product submittal
    data shall indicate the maximum allowable operating pressure and
    temperature of each component and any related manufacturing
    standard.

B.  Submittal Data Required:

    1.  As-Built Drawings: Upon completion of the work, the Contractor
        shall revise all drawings to agree with the construction
        materials, capacities, locations, and routing as actually
        accomplished. The notation "As-Built" shall be entered in the
        revision block, dated, and initialed.

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    1.  ASME Rated Pressure Vessels: Two copies of the manufacturer's
        data report for ASME rated pressure vessels shall be submitted
        in the O&M package.

    2.  All Welders and Brazers certifications shall be submitted to the
        Mechanical SCO, Sandia Construction Observer, for verification
        of quality assurance at least two weeks before starting any
        work. The procedures and certifications will be reviewed by the
        Sandia designated certified welding inspector.

    3.  Calibrated Balancing Valves: Provide submittal data which
        includes calibration curves.

## Quality Assurance {#quality-assurance .Style-SECTION1.01-+-All-Caps}

A.  Welding, Brazing or Soldering:

    1.  Qualify welding/brazing processes and welder/brazer performance
        in accordance with AWS B2.2, Standard for Brazing Procedure and
        Performance Qualification, or ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
        Code, Section IX. Certify that each welder/brazer has
        satisfactorily passed AWS or ASME qualification tests for
        welding/brazing processes involved and, if pertinent, have
        undergone re-certification.

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    1.  Welding and brazing procedures shall address cleaning, joint
        clearance, overlaps, internal purge gas, purge gas flow rate,
        and filler metal.

    2.  Certification of procedures and operators applies for both shop
        and job site welding and brazing of pipe work.

    3.  Operators shall comply with SNL Construction Specification
        01065, ES&H for Construction and Service Contracts, Section
        1.05.E Hot Work Permit.

    4.  Performance qualification of welders/brazers shall remain in
        effect indefinitely unless the welder/brazer does not weld or
        braze with the qualified procedure for a period exceeding 12
        months, or there is a specific reason to question the ability of
        the welder/brazer.

    5.  Soldering: Conform to ASME B31.3, Process Piping and Copper
        Development Association recommended practices.

B.  Grooved Joints:

    1.  All grooved joint couplings, fittings, valves, and specialties
        shall be the products of a single manufacturer. All pipe and
        groove dimensions shall be within the tolerances specified
        within ANSI/AWWA C606. The contractor is responsible for
        grooving pipe to the dimensions that are compatible with the
        manufacturer's specified tolerances for their products.

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    1.  All castings used for coupling housings, fittings, valve bodies,
        etc., shall be date stamped for quality assurance and
        traceability.

    2.  The grooved coupling manufacturer's factory trained
        representative shall provide training for contractor's field
        personnel in the use of grooving tools and installation of
        grooved joint products.

C.  Fuel Gas Piping and Equipment Installation in the State of New
    Mexico: Contractor shall be licensed by the State of New Mexico
    Regulation and Licensing Department - Construction Industries
    Division, and shall use licensed gas fitters.

D.  Copper or Bronze Pressure-Sealed Joints:

    1.  Installers of Copper or Bronze Pressure-Sealed Joints:
        Pipefitters shall be certified by the pressure-joint fitting
        manufacturer as having been trained and qualified to join copper
        pipe with pressure-seal fittings.

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    1.  Copper pressure seal fittings shall be installed using the
        proper tool, actuator, jaws, and rings as instructed by the
        press fitting manufacturer.

## Delivery, Storage, and Handling {#delivery-storage-and-handling .Style-SECTION1.01-+-All-Caps}

A.  Deliver materials to the job site in good condition and properly
    protected against damage to finished surfaces.

B.  Storage on Site: Store materials in a location and in a manner to
    avoid damage. Stacking shall be done in a way that will prevent
    bending.

    1.  Store components and materials in a clean, dry location. Cover
        with waterproof paper, tarpaulin, or polyethylene sheeting in a
        manner that will permit circulation of air inside the cover. All
        components, specifically piping, shall have open ends capped or
        sealed such that debris will not accumulate internally during
        the duration of their storage and installation.

C.  Keep handling on-site to a minimum. Exercise care to avoid damage to
    finishes of material.

D.  Use a sling to hoist large valves. Do not use hand wheels or stems
    as lifting or rigging points.

# PRODUCTS {#products .SECTION1-+-Underline}

## Acceptable Manufacturers {#acceptable-manufacturers .Style-SECTION1.01-+-All-Caps}

The following products and materials shall be used unless shown
otherwise on the drawings. Other products of equal or better quality and
characteristics may be submitted on in addition to those listed in this
specification. All products and materials shall be of new, unused
condition unless such have been provided by SNL.

## Materials for Saturated Steam Systems above ground {#materials-for-saturated-steam-systems-above-ground .Style-SECTION1.01-+-All-Caps}

A.  Piping:

    1.  Saturated Steam: Schedule 40 black steel, ASTM A53, Grade B,
        Type S (seamless), with butt-welded joints, except threaded
        joints allowed for sizes 2 inches and smaller.

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    1.  Condensate: Schedule 80 black steel, ASTM A53, Grade B, Type S
        (seamless), with butt-welded joints, except threaded joints
        allowed for sizes 2 inches and less.

B.  Fittings:

    1.  Malleable-Iron Threaded Fittings: ASME B16.4, Class 300.

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    1.  Malleable-Iron Unions: ASME B16.39, Class 300.

    2.  Forged Steel Threaded and Socket Weld Fittings: ASME B16.11,
        Class 2000 and 3000.

    3.  Wrought Steel Butt Welded Fittings: ASME B16.9, equal in
        thickness to meet pipe pressure ratings.

    4.  Forged Steel Branch Fittings (Weld-o-lets™, Thread-o-lets™,
        etc.): MSS-SP-97, with thickness to meet pipe pressure ratings.

    5.  Cast or Forged Steel Flanges: ASME B16.5, Class 150, Material
        Group 1.1, welding neck, raised face (or faced to match
        adjoining valves, components and equipment), and including
        bolts, nuts and gaskets.

C.  Gaskets: 0.175" thick with ⅛" solid-metal stay ring. Material is 304
    stainless steel with chlorocarb graphite filler. Flexitallic™, Style
    CG or Lamons Spiraseal™ Style WR or equivalent.

D.  Bolts and Nuts: Bolts shall conform to ASTM A193, Grade B7. Nuts
    shall conform to ASTM A194/A194M Rev A, Grade 2H.

E.  Valves:

    1.  Gate (30 to 125 psig service):

        a.  2 Inches and Smaller: Class 150, union bonnet, rising stem,
            cast bronze, solid wedge disc, with threaded ends. Nibco
            T-134.

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        a.  2½ Inches and Larger: Class 150, cast steel ASME B16.34,
            Valves - OS&Y, rising stem, flanged ends. Trim shall be
            bronze per ASTM B61 or 316 stainless steel. Crane 47.

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    1.  Gate (under 30 psig):

        a.  2 Inches and Smaller: Class 125, bronze body, threaded ends,
            rising stem, union bonnet, and solid wedge disc. Nibco
            T-124.

        b.  2 to 3 Inches: Class 125, iron body, OS&Y, flanged ends,
            bolted bonnet, and rising stem. Nibco F-617-O.

        c.  4 Inches and Larger: Class 150, bolted bonnet, ductile iron
            body, flanged ends, OS&Y, solid wedge, bronze trim. Nibco
            F-637-31.

    2.  Globe:

        a.  1½ Inches and Smaller: Class 200, stainless steel plug disk
            and seat ring, bronze body, union bonnet, and threaded ends.
            Nibco T256-AP.

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        a.  2 Inches and Larger: Class 150, ductile iron body conforming
            to ASTM A- 395, OS&Y, bronze trim, flanged ends, bolted
            bonnet, bronze disc, replaceable seats. Nibco F-738-31.

    3.  Check: 2 Inches and Smaller: Class 150, bronze, swing check, Y
        style, TFE disc, screw caps, and screwed ends. Nibco T-433-Y.

    4.  Needle: 1 Inch and Smaller: Positive shut-off for gauges and
        manual air vents, brass. Weiss Instruments 25NVBR.

F.  Strainers:

    1.  1½ Inches and Smaller: Maximum saturated steam pressure 250,
        screwed ends, Y pattern with stainless steel screen - 20 mesh
        (0.033" openings). Spirax-Sarco Type "IT".

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    1.  2 Inches and Larger Y Style: Class 250, cast iron, flanged, with
        perforated stainless steel screen (2" to 3", 0.033" perforations
        for steam or water; 4" to 6", 0.045" perforations for steam,
        0.125" perforations for water; 8" to 16", 0.062" perforations
        for steam, 0.125" perforations for water). Spirax-Sarco Type
        CI-125 or CI-250.

    2.  2 Inch to 12 Inch Basket Strainer: Class 250, cast iron,
        flanged, quick-opening top access clamped cover, with perforated
        stainless steel basket strainer (2" to 3", 0.045" perforations
        for steam or water; 4" to 6", 0.045" perforations for steam,
        0.125" perforations for water; 8" to 12", 0.062" perforations
        for steam, and 0.125" perforations for water). Spirax-Sarco Type
        733.

G.  Traps: (Size traps for pressure and flow and application)

    1.  Thermostatic, for saturated steam service: Angle, vertical or
        horizontal, brass or stainless steel body, screwed union type,
        stainless steel bellows, and replaceable stainless steel seat.
        Spirax-Sarco Types TH-25, TH-125, and TA-125.

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    1.  Float & Thermostatic, for saturated steam service: Iron body,
        all stainless steel interior components, screwed. Spirax-Sarco
        Types FT-15, FT-30, or FT-125.

    2.  Thermodynamic, for saturated steam service: Stainless steel
        body, hardened stainless steel working surfaces. Spirax-Sarco
        TD- 52 or TD-42.

H.  Air Vents

    1.  Balanced Pressure Thermostatic Air Vent: Ductile iron body,
        stainless steel internals, self-adjusting balanced pressure
        thermostatic type. Spirax-Sarco VS 204 or equivalent.

I.  Vacuum Breaker

    1.  Vacuum Breaker, brass body, stainless steel valve, capable of
        operating at conditions of 210 psig saturated steam.
        Spirax-Sarco VB14 or equivalent.

## Materials for Space Heating, Chilled, Process, and Tower Water Systems (including water/glycol solution) {#materials-for-space-heating-chilled-process-and-tower-water-systems-including-waterglycol-solution .Style-SECTION1.01-+-All-Caps}

A.  General: Pipe and fittings to be used in modifications, repairs, or
    additions shall be of the same material (steel, copper, or plastic)
    as the existing system being modified or repaired and shall conform
    to the following unless otherwise indicated on the applicable
    contract drawings.

B.  Piping:

    1.  Aboveground:

        a.  Type L hard drawn copper tubing, ASTM B88 with soldered,
            brazed, or copper/bronze pressure seal joints.

        b.  Black steel, welded (Type E) or seamless (Type S), ASTM A53,
            Grade B, Schedule 40 up to 10 inches and Standard Weight
            above 10 inches with threaded, welded, grooved, or flanged
            joints.

        c.  CVPC, schedule 80, ASTM F 441/F441M. Applicable to process
            chilled water systems only, not to be installed in exterior
            locations or applied to heating water systems.

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    1.  Underground Tower Water Piping: Schedule 40 black steel,
        seamless Type S or welded Type E, Grade B, ASTM A53. Installed
        protective pipe coating systems shall be of the same materials
        throughout.

        a.  Fittings and Joints: All joints in underground piping shall
            be welded, using Schedule 40 forged steel butt-weld
            fittings. All welding shall conform to the requirements of
            Sandia Construction Standard Specification Section 15050,
            Basic Mechanical Materials and Methods. Use of unions and
            flanges underground is prohibited. Fittings and joints shall
            be protected with Polyken No. 1027 primer and Polyken No.
            930-35 tape coating, 35 mil, 21 kV dielectric strength, as
            manufactured by Tyco adhesives, Corrosion Protection Group.
            Minimum 1 inch overlap required.

        b.  Protective pipe covering shall be factory or field applied
            according to manufacturer's written instructions. Products
            shall be Polyken No. 1027 primer and Polyken No 930-35 tape
            coating, 35 mil 21 kV dielectric strength, as manufactured
            by Tyco adhesives, Corrosion Protection Group. Minimum 1
            inch overlap required.

        c.  Epoxy Coatings: 3M epoxy coatings may be used in place of
            the Polyken pipe coatings. 3M Scotchkote™ 6233,
            Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coating, shall be facility specified and
            applied at 15 mil thickness for pipe and fittings. 3M
            Scotchkote 323, Liquid Epoxy Coating, shall be facility
            specified and applied at 25 mils thickness. Epoxy coatings
            shall be applied according to manufacturer's written
            instructions. The coating, pipe or joint shall be inspected
            for continuity in accordance with NACE Standard RP0490-01,
            "Holiday Detection Fusion-Bonded Epoxy".

C.  Fittings:

    1.  Malleable-Iron Threaded Fittings: ASME B16.4, Class 150.

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    1.  Malleable-Iron Unions: ASME B16.39, Class 150.

    2.  Wrought and Cast Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Fittings:
        ASME B16.18 and B16.22.

    3.  Forged Steel Threaded and Socket Weld Fittings: ASME B16.11,
        Class 2000 and 3000.

    4.  Wrought Steel Butt Welded Fittings: ASME B16.9, equal in
        thickness to meet pipe pressure ratings.

    5.  Grooved Joint Fittings: ASTM A536 ductile iron; ASTM A234
        wrought steel; or factory fabricated from steel pipe conforming
        to ASTM A53; with factory-grooved ends. Victaulic Company or
        approved equal.

    6.  Grooved Joint Couplings: Grooved joint couplings shall consist
        of two ductile iron housing segments, pressure responsive EPDM
        or EHP gasket, and zinc-electroplated steel bolts and nuts.
        Victaulic Company or approved equal.

        a.  2 Inches to 12 Inches:

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        1.  Rigid Type: Housings shall be cast with offsetting
            angle-pattern bolt pads to provide rigidity and system
            support and hanging in accordance with ANSI B31.1 and B31.9.

        2.  Flange Adapter: Flat face, ductile iron housings with EPDM
            pressure responsive gasket for direct connection to ANSI
            Class 125 or 150 flanged components.

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        a.  14" through 24": Advanced Groove System (AGS) style with
            lead-in chamfer on housing key and wide width gasket, 300
            psi maximum working pressure.

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        1.  Rigid Type: Housing key shall fill the wedge shaped AGS
            groove and provide rigidity and system support and hanging
            in accordance with ANSI B31.1 and B31.9.

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        3.  Flexible Type: Housing key shall fit into the wedge shaped
            AGS groove and allow for linear and angular pipe movement.

        4.  Flange Adapter: Flat face, ductile iron housings with EPDM
            pressure responsive gasket, for direct connection to ANSI
            Class 125 or 150 flanged components.

    7.  Forged Steel Branch Fittings (weld-o-lets, thread-o-lets, etc.):
        MSS-SP-97, with thickness to meet pipe pressure ratings.

    8.  Flanges

        a.  Steel: Cast and forged steel, ASME B16.5, Class 150,
            Material Group 1.1, welding neck, slip-on, or threaded,
            raised face (or faced to match adjoining valves, components
            and equipment), and including bolts, nuts and gaskets.

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        a.  Bronze: Class 150 bronze flange per ASME B16.24. Threaded or
            solder joint.

    9.  Threaded brass fittings and nipples, ASTM B 43, ASTM B 687.

    10. Dielectric nipples or couplings: electroplated steel nipple or
        coupling with inert non-corrosive thermoplastic lining, rated
        for 300 psig at 225° F.

    11. CVPC Fittings: Schedule 80 socket-type per ASTM F439 and
        schedule 80 threaded fittings per ASTM F437.

        a.  CPVC fittings with a female adapter component: All female
            adapter fittings used in the transition from metal to
            thermoplastic pipe shall be supplied with a reinforced
            collar of stainless steel around the threaded joint for
            added protection.

    12. Copper or Bronze Pressure-Seal Fittings: Copper or bronze
        housing, factory installed EPDM sealing element, 200 psi working
        pressure with a 0-250° F temperature rating. ASME B16.18 and
        B16:22, ASTM B 88 and D 2000. Rigid ProPress™ or Stadler-Viega.

D.  Flange Gaskets: Material shall be of compressed sheet suitable for
    the operating conditions. Group 1a or 1b as listed in ASME B16.5.

E.  Flange Bolts and Nuts: Bolts shall conform to ASTM A193/A193M Rev B,
    Grade B7. Nuts shall conform to ASTM A194/A194M Rev A, Grade 2H.

F.  Valves:

    1.  Gate:

        a.  2 Inches and Smaller: Bronze or brass body, 200 psi
            non-shock working pressure, solder or threaded ends, screwed
            bonnet, and full port. Bronze body - Nibco S-111 or Nibco
            T-111. Brass body -- Nibco SI-8 or TI-8.

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        a.  2½ Inches and Larger: Iron body, 200 psi non shock cold
            working pressure rating, flanged ends, OS&Y, bronze trim,
            rising stem, and solid wedge. Nibco F-617-0.

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    1.  Ball:

        a.  2 Inches and Smaller:

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        1.  Two Piece Body: Bronze or brass body, 600 psi non-shock
            working pressure, blow-out proof captive stem, double Teflon
            seats, full ported, stainless steel or chrome plated brass
            ball, threaded or soldered ends. Bronze body: Nibco T-585-70
            or S-585-70. Brass body: Nibco T-FP-600 or S-FP-600.

            a.  System drain applications: may use a valve with integral
                hose connection, cap, and chain; full port, blow out
                proof stem, double Teflon seats, and rated for 600 psi
                non shock working pressure. Nibco 585-70-HC.

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        1.  Three Piece Body: Bronze body, 600 psi non-shock working
            pressure, blow-out proof captive stem, double Teflon seats,
            full port, stainless steel trim, and threaded or soldered
            ends. Nibco T or S-595-Y.

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        a.  2½ Inches to 3 Inches: Two or three-piece bronze or brass
            body, 400 psi non-shock cold working pressure, blow-out
            proof captive stainless steel stem, double Teflon seals and
            seats, full ported, stainless steel or chrome plated brass
            ball and threaded ends. Nibco T-595-Y-(66-SS) or Nibco
            T-FP-600.

        b.  4 Inches and Larger: Class 150, flanged ends, carbon steel
            body with 316 stainless steel trim, Unit-body design, full
            ported, blow-out proof captive stainless steel stem and
            ball, and Teflon seat. Nibco F-510-CS-R-66-FS.

    2.  Globe:

        a.  2 Inches and Smaller: Class 125, screwed ends, bronze body,
            inside screw, screw-in bonnet, renewable seat and disc.
            Nibco T-211.

        ```{=html}
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        ```
        a.  2½ Inches and Larger: Class 125, iron body conforming to
            ASTM A126 Class B, bronze trim, flanged ends, bolted bonnet,
            bronze disc, replaceable seats. Nibco F-718-B.

    3.  Butterfly:

        a.  Lug Type:

        ```{=html}
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        ```
        1.  2½ Inches through 6 Inches: 200 psi working pressure,
            ductile iron body, aluminum/bronze disc, EPDM liner,
            stainless steel shaft, resilient seat, O-ring seals, lug
            type for dead-end service, lever operator. Nibco LD2000
            series.

        ```{=html}
        <!-- -->
        ```
        1.  8 Inches and Larger: 150 psi or 200 psi working pressure,
            ductile iron body, aluminum/bronze disc, EPDM liner,
            stainless steel shaft, resilient seat, O-ring seals, lug
            type for dead-end service, gear operator. Nibco LD1000 or
            LD2000 series dependent on the application.

    4.  Check Valve:

        a.  2 Inches and Smaller: Class 125, threaded ends, bronze body,
            Y pattern, renewable seat and disk, and screw cap. Nibco
            T-413

        ```{=html}
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        ```
        a.  2½ Inches and Larger:

        ```{=html}
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        ```
        1.  Flanged Type: Class 125, iron body, silent check, flanged
            ends, globe style, spring actuated, renewable seats and
            disc, bronze trim or 316 stainless steel trim. Nibco F-910.

        ```{=html}
        <!-- -->
        ```
        1.  Grooved End Type: 300 psi working pressure, ductile iron
            body, vertical or horizontal check, grooved ends, spring
            actuated single disc, and stainless steel shaft.

    5.  Vertical Check: 2 Inches and Smaller: Class 125, threaded ends,
        bronze body, spring actuated, inline vertical lift type, TFE
        seat ring. Nibco T-480-Y.

    6.  Needle: 1 Inch and Smaller: Rated at 600 psi and 300°F, positive
        shut-off for gauges, brass. Weiss Instruments 25NVBR.

    7.  Thermoplastic (CPVC) Valves:

        a.  Ball: 2 Inches and Smaller: True-union body, rated for 225
            psi @ 70° F, CVPC body, blow out proof captive stem, Teflon
            seats, socket ends, full port design, and EPDM or Viton
            seals. Approved manufacturers: Hayward, George Fisher, or
            Spears.

        ```{=html}
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        ```
        a.  Butterfly: 1 1/2\" and Greater: Rated for 150 psi @ 73° F,
            CVPC body, 316 stainless steel shaft and hardware, 100%
            positive seal, and EPDM or Viton disc seals. George Fisher
            Type 570.

G.  Strainers:

    1.  2 Inches and Smaller: Threaded or solder ends, wye-pattern, cast
        bronze body with retainer cap tapped for closure plug, 400 psi @
        150° F, and 20-mesh 304 stainless steel screen for water
        service. Watts series 777S or S777S. Keckley F or E-300.

    ```{=html}
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    ```
    1.  2½ Inches and Larger:

        a.  Flanged Type: Wye-pattern, cast iron body and bolted cap,
            200 psi @ 150°F, screen cap tapped for closure plug,
            standard perforation stainless steel screen for water
            service. Keckley Style A series.

        b.  Grooved ends Type: 300 psi working pressure, wye-pattern
            ductile iron body and coupled cap, EPDM seals, standard mesh
            stainless steel screen for water service.

H.  Flexible Connectors:

    1.  2 Inches and Smaller: Threaded or socket ends, Type 321
        stainless steel or bronze corrugated inner tube and wire braid
        outer shield, MetraFlex™ SST, BBT, or BBS.

    ```{=html}
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    ```
    1.  2½ Inches and Larger: Elastomer connector, solid plate steel,
        Class 150 flanged ends, constructed of neoprene and nylon,
        temperature rated at no less than 240°F. Control units must be
        installed per manufacturer's instructions. MetraFlex
        Metrasphere™ style O.

I.  Glycol-Resistant Materials: All materials installed in a system
    containing a water/glycol solution shall be resistant to (compatible
    with) glycol. Suitable materials include steel, iron, and bronze
    (red brass).

J.  Bypass Feeder/Chemical Filter Feeder: A chemical by-pass feeder
    shall be installed on all heating and chilled water loops and piped
    according to mechanical standard drawing MP5013STD.dgn. The by-pass
    feeder shall be a 5-gallon Efficiency Dynamics Inc. No. FF-100
    filter feeder capable of: an operating pressure up to 150 psig,
    operating temperature up to 200ºF, and flow up to 40gpm with a
    maximum initial pressure drop of 3 psi. The feeder shall contain a
    stainless steel filter bag screen, with polypropylene replacement
    bag filter. Feeder shall have fill, inlet, outlet, and drain ports.

K.  Calibrated Balancing Valves, 2 Inches and Smaller: Bronze body, ball
    type, 200 psig working pressure, 250°F maximum operating
    temperature, and having threaded ends. Valves shall have calibrated
    orifice or venturi, connections for portable differential pressure
    meter with integral seals, and shall be equipped with a memory stop
    to retain set position. Bell and Gossett Series Model CB. Provide
    calibration curves with submittals. Size valves for operation in the
    midsection of curves at the coils specified flow rate.

L.  Calibrated Balancing Valves, 2-1/2 Inches and Larger: Cast-iron or
    steel body, ball or globe type, 175-psig working pressure, 250°F
    maximum operating temperature, and having flanged connections.
    Valves shall have calibrated orifice or venturi, connections for
    portable differential pressure meter with integral seals, and shall
    be equipped with a memory stop to retain set position. Bell and
    Gossett Series Model CB. Provide calibration curves with submittals.
    Size valves for operation in the midsection of curves at the coils
    specified flow rate.

M.  Flexible Hose and Fitting: ¼" -- ¾" hose and fitting for final lab
    equipment connection assemblies. Synthetic rubber tube, textile
    braid reinforcement, polyester braided cover, low pressure hose.
    Operating temperature range: -40°F to 212 F, water not to exceed
    150 F, air not to exceed 165 F. Maximum operating pressure 150 psi.
    Aeroquip FC647 hose with Aeroquip Socketless™ hose fittings.
    Flexible hose connections are not permitted in concealed areas or
    for heating and cooling coil installations.

N.  Hydronic Piping Packages: All individual or combination components
    must meet the individual component specifications stipulated in the
    15051 design standard with the exception that the isolation valves
    may be of standard port. Flexible hoses shall be 24\" or less in
    length. Hose construction shall be EPT or EPDM tube with stainless
    steel braid reinforcement. Each hose shall have at least one swivel
    or union end. All components shall have a working temperature range
    of 0°-212°F and a working pressure rating of 300 psi. Hose shall be
    fire-rated per UL-94. Hose installation shall be kept as straight as
    possible but in no case shall the maximum bend radius stipulated by
    the manufacturer be exceeded. Multiple bends in a single hose are
    not allowed.

## Materials for FUEL Gas AND LIQUIFIED PROPANE GAS Systems above ground {#materials-for-fuel-gas-and-liquified-propane-gas-systems-above-ground .Style-SECTION1.01-+-All-Caps}

A.  Piping, Indoor or Outdoor: Schedule 40 black steel or Schedule 40
    galvanized steel, seamless Type S or welded Type E, ASTM A53/A53M.
    Pipe shall be painted per SNL standard specification 09900.

B.  Fittings:

    1.  2 Inches and Smaller: Class 150, banded malleable iron, screwed,
        ASME B16.3. Galvanized fittings shall be hot dipped in
        accordance ASTM A153

    ```{=html}
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    ```
    1.  2½ Inches and Larger: Class 150, banded malleable iron, screwed,
        ASME B16.3, or Schedule 40 wrought steel butt-weld fittings,
        ASME B16.9.

C.  Valves: Shutoff valves shall be constructed of materials compatible
    with the piping. Shutoff valves installed in a portion of a piping
    system operating above 0.5 psig, and outdoors shall comply with ASME
    B16.33. Shutoff valves installed in a portion of a piping system
    operating at 0.5 psig or less shall comply with ANSI Z21.15 or ASME
    B16.33.

    1.  Plug:

        a.  Outdoor systems, 2 Inches and Smaller: Cast iron body,
            threaded ends, flat head lockwing, non-lubricated full port
            brass plug, 100 psig natural or propane gas rating, rated
            for use in ambient temperatures between -20°F and 150°F,
            A.Y. McDonald 10687B. If an insulating union is required
            then same requirements would be applied, A.Y. McDonald 6266
            series.

        ```{=html}
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        ```
        a.  Outdoor systems, 2½ Inches and Greater: Cast iron or ductile
            iron body, ANSI 125 flanged, seals rated for gas,
            non-lubricated eccentric type one piece plug, natural or
            propane gas rating, Milliken Millicentric Series 600.

        b.  Indoor systems, appliance shutoff valve: Brass body and
            plug, lockwing head, threaded ends, 25 psig rating, A.Y.
            McDonald Series 10621.

        c.  Indoor systems, 2½ Inches and Greater: Cast iron or ductile
            iron body, ANSI 125 flanged, seals rated for gas,
            non-lubricated eccentric type one piece plug, natural or
            propane gas rating, Milliken Millicentric Series 600.

    ```{=html}
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    ```
    1.  Ball:

        a.  Outdoor systems operating above 0.5 psig: 100% full port,
            hot forged brass body, double Viton o-rings, PTFE seats,
            integral lockout device, valve certified to 175 psig. Jomar
            model no. 175LWN.

        b.  Appliance equipment applications, systems operating at less
            than 0.5 psig: Forged brass body, fluorocarbon o-rings, PTFE
            seats, valve certified to 0.5 psig. Nibco GB Series.

D.  Appliance Connectors, systems operating at less than 0.5 psig:
    Stainless steel or coated stainless steel, corrugated, ANSI Z21.24,
    Connectors for Gas Appliances, certified for indoor and outdoor use.
    Brasscraft model no. SSC or CSSC.

E.  Strainer:

    1.  Outdoor systems:

        a.  2 Inches and Smaller: Cast iron body with screen retainer
            cap threaded for closure plug, threaded ends, wye pattern,
            400 psi @ 150°F WOG, and #20 mesh 304 stainless steel
            screen.

        b.  2-1/2 Inches and Larger: Cast iron body with screen retainer
            cap threaded for closure plug, flanged ends, wye pattern,
            285 psi @ 100° F WOG, and #20 mesh 304 stainless steel
            screen.

    ```{=html}
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    ```
    1.  Indoor Systems:

        a.  2 Inches and Smaller: Cast iron or bronze body with screen
            cap threaded for closure plug, threaded ends, wye pattern,
            400 psi @ 150° F WOG, and #20 mesh 304 stainless steel
            screen.

        ```{=html}
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        ```
        a.  2-1/2 Inches and Larger: Cast iron body with screen cap
            threaded for closure plug, flanged ends, wye pattern, 285
            psi @ 100° F WOG, and #20 mesh 304 stainless steel screen.

## Materials for Compressed Air Systems (200 psig and under) {#materials-for-compressed-air-systems-200-psig-and-under .Style-SECTION1.01-+-All-Caps}

A.  General: Pipe, joints, and fittings to be used for modifications or
    additions shall be of the same material (steel or copper) and joint
    (solder, brazed, threaded, or pressure-seal type) as the existing
    system being modified or repaired and shall conform to the following
    unless otherwise indicated on the applicable contract drawings.

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```
A.  Piping:

    1.  Aboveground: Cleaned for oxygen service, Type L, hard drawn
        copper tubing, ASTM B88 or ASTM B819, or hard drawn ACR copper
        tubing of equal internal diameter, ASTM B280. Steel piping for
        modifications to existing systems shall be schedule 40 black
        steel, seamless or welded per ASTM A53.

    ```{=html}
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    ```
    1.  Underground: Cleaned for oxygen service, Type L, hard drawn
        copper tubing, ASTM B88 or ASTM B819, or hard drawn ACR copper
        tubing, ASTM B280. Steel pipe for modification to existing
        systems: Schedule 40 black steel, seamless Type S or welded Type
        E, Grade A or B, ASTM A53.

B.  Joints:

    1.  Aboveground:

        a.  Steel: All joints shall be welded, using Schedule 40 forged
            steel butt-weld fittings. All welding shall conform to the
            requirements of Section 15050, Basic Mechanical Materials
            and Methods.

        b.  Copper: All copper joints between the air compressor and its
            receiver, or within underground piping, or in any piping
            subject to service temperatures greater than 200ºF, or
            within piping systems with designed operating pressures of
            greater than 150 psi shall be brazed or threaded. All
            aboveground copper joints in clean dry air systems shall be
            brazed, threaded, or pressure-seal joints. General Service
            compressed air systems without clean dry air constraints of
            particle count, hydrocarbon removal, or moisture removal may
            use solder joint construction if approved by the design
            engineer.

    2.  Underground:

        a.  Steel: All joints in underground piping shall be welded,
            using Schedule 40 forged steel butt-weld fittings. All
            welding shall conform to the requirements of Section 15050,
            Basic Mechanical Materials and Methods. The installation of
            unions underground is prohibited.

        ```{=html}
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        ```
        a.  Copper: All joints shall be brazed with an argon or nitrogen
            purge applied. The installation of flanges or unions
            underground is prohibited.

C.  Underground Pipe and Fitting Corrosion Protection:

    1.  Steel: Installed protective pipe coating systems shall be of the
        same materials throughout. Protective pipe covering shall be
        factory or field applied according to manufacturer's written
        instructions. Coatings shall extend above grade at least 6
        inches. Products shall be Polyken No. 1027 primer and Polyken
        No. 930-35 tape coating, 35 mil, 21 kV dielectric strength, as
        manufactured by Tyco adhesives, Corrosion Protection Group.
        Minimum 1 inch overlap required. Epoxy Coatings: 3M epoxy
        coatings may be used in place of the Polyken pipe coatings. 3M
        Scotchkote 6233, Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coating, shall be facility
        specified and applied at 15 Mils thickness for pipe and
        fittings. Epoxy coatings shall be applied according to
        manufacturer's written instructions.

    ```{=html}
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    ```
    1.  Copper: Installed protective pipe coating systems shall be of
        the same materials throughout. Protective pipe covering shall be
        factory or field applied according to manufacturer's written
        instructions. Coatings shall extend above grade at least 6
        inches. Products shall be Polyken No. 1027 primer and Polyken
        No. 930-35 tape coating, 35 mil, 21 kV dielectric strength, as
        manufactured by Tyco adhesives, Corrosion Protection Group.
        Minimum 1 inch overlap required.

D.  Fittings:

    1.  Wrought copper and bronze braze joint, ASME B16.22, ASTM B88.
        Threaded brass fittings and nipples, ASTM B 43, ASTM B 687. For
        modifications to existing steel systems: Class 150 banded
        malleable iron, screwed, ASME B16.3; Schedule 40 wrought steel
        butt-weld fittings, ASME B16.9.

    ```{=html}
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    ```
    1.  Flanges: Flanges shall be Class 150 bronze flanges, ASME B16.24,
        or for a modification to an existing steel system: Class 150
        forged steel flanges conforming to ASME B16.5.

    2.  Copper or Bronze Pressure-Seal Fittings: Copper or bronze
        housing, factory installed EPDM sealing element, and a maximum
        200 psi working pressure with a 0-250°F temperature rating. ASME
        B16.18 and B16.22, ASTM B 88 and D 2000. Rigid ProPress or
        Stadler-Viega.

E.  Gaskets: Material shall be of compressed sheet suitable for the
    operating conditions. Group 1a or 1b as listed in ASME B16.5.

F.  Bolts and Nuts: Bolts shall conform to ASTM A193/A193M Rev A, Grade
    B7. Nuts shall conform to ASTM A194/A194M Rev A, Grade 2H.

G.  Flexible Connectors:

    1.  2 Inches and Smaller: Threaded or socket ends, corrugated inner
        tube and wire braid outer shield, Type 321 stainless steel.
        MetraFlex SST.

    ```{=html}
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    ```
    1.  2½ Inches to 6 Inches: Flanged ends, corrugated inner tube and
        wire braid outer shield, Type 321 stainless steel. MetraFlex MLP
        or SLP.

H.  Valves:

    1.  Gate:

        a.  3 Inches and Smaller: Class 150, threaded ends, bronze body,
            rising stem, union bonnet and solid wedge. Nibco T-134.

        b.  4 Inches and Larger: Class 150, flanged ends, OS&Y, cast
            steel or ductile iron body, bronze trim, bolted bonnet,
            rising stem. Nibco F-637-31 or equivalent.

    2.  Ball:

        a.  2 Inches and Smaller: 600 psi CWP, bronze body, blow-out
            proof captive stainless steel stem, double Teflon seals and
            seats, full ported stainless steel ball. Nibco T-585,
            2-piece and threaded ends or Nibco S-595-Y-66, 3-piece and
            solder ends.

        b.  2½ Inches and Larger: Class 150, flanged ends, carbon steel
            body with 316 stainless steel trim, blow-out proof captive
            stainless steel stem and ball, double Teflon seals and
            seats. Nibco F510 Series.

    3.  Needle: 1 Inch and Smaller: Rated at 600 psi and 300ºF, positive
        shut-off for gauges, brass. Weiss Instruments 25NVBR.

## Materials for PROCESS Vacuum Systems {#materials-for-process-vacuum-systems .Style-SECTION1.01-+-All-Caps}

A.  General: Materials shall be as follows unless otherwise indicated on
    the applicable contract drawings.

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```
I.  Pipe and fittings to be used for modifications, repairs, or
    additions shall be the same material (steel, copper or plastic) as
    the existing systems being modified or repaired and shall conform to
    the following unless otherwise indicated on the applicable contract
    drawings.

J.  Piping:

    1.  Type L hard-drawn copper tubing with soldered joints, ASTM B88,
        or Type 304 stainless steel or CPVC. Schedule 80, ASTM F441.

K.  Fittings:

    1.  Wrought copper and bronze solder-joint, ASME B16.22; or Schedule
        40 wrought steel butt-weld fittings, ASME B16.9, or CPVC
        schedule 80, ASTM F 437.

    2.  ¼-Inch to 2-Inch Tube Fittings: Carbon steel and 316 stainless
        steel. Swagelok.

    3.  ¼-Inch to 1-Inch Weld Fittings: Carbon steel, 316 stainless
        steel. Cajon.

    4.  CPVC Fittings: Schedule 80 socket-type per ASTM F439 and
        schedule 80 threaded fittings per ASTM F437.

        a.  Threaded fittings are only permitted at pipe-to-equipment
            connections.

        ```{=html}
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        ```
        a.  CPVC fittings with a female adapter component: All female
            adapter fittings used in the transition from metal to
            thermoplastic pipe shall be supplied with a reinforced
            collar of stainless steel around the threaded joint for
            added protection.

L.  Flanges: Flanges shall conform to ASME B16.5.

M.  Gaskets: Material shall be of compressed sheet suitable for the
    operating conditions. Group 1a or 1b of ASME B16.5.

N.  Bolts and Nuts: Bolts shall conform to ASTM A193, Grade B7. Nuts
    shall conform to ASTM A194, Grade 2H.

O.  Valves:

    1.  Ball: Vacuum service to Class 125.

        a.  2 Inches and Smaller: Class 125 screwed or soldered ends,
            bronze body, and O-ring seal swing-out body, Worcester
            Series 44.

        ```{=html}
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        ```
        a.  2½ Inches and Larger: Class 125, flanged ends, bronze O-ring
            seal, Worcester Series 45.

        b.  CPVC body, EPDM o-ring seals, true-union design, socket end,
            rated for full vacuum service. Asahi/America Type 21
            Duo-Bloc™ Ball Valve.

    2.  Needle: 1 Inch and Smaller: Positive shut-off for gauges and
        manual air vents, brass. Weiss Instruments 25NVBR or equivalent.

## Equipment {#equipment .Style-SECTION1.01-+-All-Caps}

A.  General: Equipment required for installation on this contract shall
    be as specified on the applicable contract drawings and shall be
    furnished complete with all accessories normally supplied with the
    catalog item listed and all other accessories necessary for a
    complete and satisfactory operating system.

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```
P.  Compressed Air Receivers:

    1.  Prior to installation and acceptance, a pressure vessel operated
        at pressures of 15 psig or greater furnished under this contract
        will be stamped with an ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
        Symbol and a National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel
        Inspector's number. This will certify that the vessel has been
        fabricated and tested per the provisions of the ASME Boiler and
        Pressure Vessel Code. Manufacturers' data reports (unless
        exempted by the ASME Code) will be filed with the National Board
        in Columbus, Ohio. Two copies of these data reports shall be
        submitted to Sandia National Laboratories. Testing,
        certification, and registration will be at the expense of the
        Contractor. ASTM A-515 and ASME SA-515 type steels shall not be
        used in the fabrication of pressure vessels.

    2.  Receiver shall be equipped with shut-off valve and properly
        sized ASME certified pressure relief valve.

Q.  Pressure Relief Valves: Valves shall be ASME National Board
    certified, registered and stamped. The valves shall be factory set
    to maintain an operating or standby pressure as directed or noted.

R.  Thermometers and Thermowells: Thermometers shall be digital readout,
    solar powered, union NPT connection, and with an ABS case. Each
    thermometer shall be provided with a separable brass thermowell
    consisting of a properly sized bore. The well shall be the length
    required for accurate reading of the measured media. Where
    thermometers occur in the insulated piping systems, or on insulated
    equipment, extension necks (lagging) shall be provided so that the
    thermometer casing will be outside of the insulation. Digital range
    shall be -40°F to300°F with a 3/8" LCD display and a 1% of reading
    accuracy. Weiss model number DVU 35 or Weksler model number AADHFC.

S.  Pressure Gauges: Gauges for machine rooms, equipment rooms, and
    Central Utility Buildings (CUBs) shall be industrial-type pressure
    gauges with safety-type rear blowout plug or panel, clear plastic
    lens, case consisting of one integral polypropylene part, ±0.5%
    accuracy, 4½" dial size. Weksler Series HA14. Gauges for
    point-of-use applications (process chilled water drops, fan coil
    units, user equipment, etc.) shall be utility type, HVAC gauges,
    bronze bourdon tube and brass socket, steel case, and plastic face
    2½" dial size. Weksler Series 25TL. Range shall be two times the
    system normal operating pressure. Gauges shall be installed with
    snubbers and ¼" bronze needle valves. All gauges for steam systems
    shall be provided with ¼" bronze needle valves, siphon tubes, and
    snubbers.

T.  Automatic Air Vents: Air vents shall be B&G Model 87 with brass
    bodies, all non-ferrous internals and 150 psi maximum operating
    pressure. Vents shall be capable of accepting ¼" O.D. copper tubing.

# EXECUTION {#execution .SECTION1-+-Underline}

## Piping Installation

A.  General: Piping installation shall be coordinated, with respect to
    space available, with heating, ventilating, and electrical
    installation. In every instance where there is a conflict in the
    routing of the piping and the ducting, the routing of the ducting
    shall govern. Installed piping shall not interfere with the
    operation or accessibility of doors or windows; shall not encroach
    on aisles, passageways, and equipment; and shall not interfere with
    the servicing or maintenance of equipment. Pipe shall be cut
    accurately to measurements established at the construction site and
    shall be worked into place without springing or forcing, properly
    clearing all openings and equipment. Cutting or weakening of
    structural members to facilitate piping installation is not
    permitted. Pipes shall have burrs removed by reaming and shall be so
    installed as to permit free expansion and contraction without damage
    to joints or hangers. Aboveground piping shall be run parallel with
    the lines of the building unless otherwise noted on the drawings.
    Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, horizontal piping shall
    pitch down in the direction of flow with a grade of not less than 1
    inch in 40 feet. Service pipe, valves, and fittings shall be located
    a sufficient distance from other work to permit the installation of
    the finished covering not less than ½" from such other work, and not
    less than ½" between the finished covering on the different
    services.

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U.  Reducers: Reduction in pipe sizes shall be made with one-piece
    reducing fittings. Forged bushings will be acceptable ONLY with the
    approval of the Sandia Mechanical Construction Observer (SCO), and
    when there is no room for reducing couplings and the reduction is
    less than two pipe sizes. Bushings shall not be used for fuel gas
    service. Only eccentric reducers will be permitted in steam
    applications. Cast bushings ARE NOT acceptable.

V.  Unions: All piping unions shall be of the ground joint type,
    constructed from materials equivalent in alloy composition and
    strength to other fittings specified with which they are used. Union
    pressure classes and end connections shall be the same as the
    fittings used in the lines with the unions.

    1.  Joining dissimilar materials (copper to steel). Use dielectric
        nipples, dielectric couplings, brass nipples, brass valves or
        brass unions between copper and steel piping 2 inches and
        smaller. Use dielectric flange kits on larger piping. Dielectric
        unions shall not be used to join two dissimilar metals (ferrous
        and non-ferrous metallic piping.)

W.  Installation of Valves: Valves shall be installed at the locations
    shown on the drawings and where specified. All valves shall be
    installed with their stems orientated horizontal or vertical and
    with sufficient clearance to allow for full stem travel and the
    repair of two-piece or three-piece valves in place.

X.  Hangers and Anchors:

    1.  All piping shall be rigidly supported from the building
        structure by means of adjustable ring-type, clevis, or band-type
        hangers. (Welding to the building structure will not be
        permitted unless approved by the structural engineer.) Where
        pipes run side by side, support on rod and angle iron or
        Unistrut trapeze hangers. Hanger spacing shall be as follows:

        a.  Horizontal:

> [Steel Piping]{.underline} [Maximum Spacing]{.underline}
>
> ⅜" and smaller 4'-0"
>
> ½" through 1" 6'-0"
>
> 1¼" and larger 10'-0"
>
> [Copper Piping]{.underline} [Maximum Spacing]{.underline}
>
> ⅜" and smaller 4'-0"
>
> ½" through 1¼" 6'-0"
>
> 1½" and larger 10'-0"

1.  All Other Piping Materials: Pipes shall be supported in accordance
    with the Piping Support Spacing table of the International
    Mechanical Code.

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a.  Vertical: Steel and copper piping shall be supported at 10'-0"
    intervals, maximum spacing.

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1.  All Other Piping Materials: Pipes shall be supported in accordance
    with the Piping Support Spacing table of the International
    Mechanical Code.

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2.  Round rods supporting the pipe hangers shall be of the following
    dimensions unless otherwise specified on the project drawings by a
    professional structural engineer:

> ⅜" to 2" pipe ⅜" rod
>
> 2½" to 3" pipe ½" rod
>
> 4" to 5" pipe ⅝" rod
>
> 6" pipe ¾" rod
>
> 8" through 12" ⅞" rod
>
> 14" through 16" 1" rod

3.  Rods for trapeze hangers shall be a minimum of ⅜" and shall have the
    equivalent cross section, listed in Section 3.01.E.2, per pipe
    supported. The use of pipe hooks, chains, perforated iron strapping,
    or wire for pipe supports will not be permitted.

4.  Hanger rods shall be galvanized or zinc plated carbon steel per ASTM
    A307 Grade B, threaded per ASME B1.1 with a coarse thread series,
    and with a Class 2A fit.

    a.  All hanger rod connections shall use double nut fastening.
        Hanger rods shall not extend more than one inch past the double
        nut or beam clamp.

5.  Hanger rods shall be installed vertically. No offset in hanger rod
    will be permitted.

6.  Place a hanger within 1'-0" of each horizontal elbow.

7.  Use hangers that are vertically adjustable 1½" minimum and a maximum
    of 2" after piping is erected.

8.  Use copper plated materials, PVC coated materials, or non-conductive
    isolators on copper pipe and ferrous materials on ferrous pipes.

9.  Soft copper tubing, where permitted, shall be fastened to the
    building structure with Unistrut type clamps and spaced not more
    than 6'-0" apart.

10. On 4" and larger piping, install hangers adjacent (within 1'-0" on
    each side) of strainers, check valves, valves, and all flanged
    items.

11. C clamp style hanger shall only be installed with retaining clip.

12. In grooved pipe installations, use rigid couplings with offsetting
    angle-pattern bolt pads, which permit support and hanging in
    accordance with ANSI B31.1, B31.3, and B31.9.

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Y.  Piping Equipment Supports and Fastenings: Fixtures and equipment
    shall be solidly supported and securely fastened. Installation shall
    include suitable backing to anchor all hanging fixtures and
    equipment.

Z.  Air Vents (for Closed Loop Water and Water/Glycol Systems):

    1.  Automatic Air Vents: A manual valve shall be installed ahead of
        each automatic air vent. Brass body, for use on hot or cold
        water, with threaded outlet adaptable to ¼" O.D. copper tube.

        a.  Do not install automatic vent valves in a glycol system.

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        a.  A drain line should be connected to the vent hole and piped
            to the nearest floor drain or floor sink.

    2.  Manual: A shutoff valve shall be installed ahead of each manual
        air vent. Where air vent locations are 10'-0" or more above the
        floor, ¼" O.D. copper tubing shall be installed at the point of
        venting and extended down with the needle valve installed to an
        accessible position. All vents lower than 10 feet shall have a
        candy cane installed that would allow easy access for venting in
        a bucket. All vents that would become inaccessible after the
        completion of construction shall be extended to an accessible
        location. Each branch and main system high point shall be vented
        to permit removal of all air from the system.

A.  Equipment Connections: All piping connections to pumps and other
    equipment shall be installed without strain at the pipe connection
    of the equipment. The Contractor shall be required as directed by
    the Sandia Mechanical Construction Observer (SCO) to remove the
    bolts in flanged connections or disconnect piping to demonstrate
    that the piping has been so connected. Pipe connections to equipment
    shall be made with unions, grooved pipe mechanical couplings, or
    flanged fittings.

B.  Joints:

    1.  Flanged Joints: All flanged joints shall be face matched. Raised
        face flanges shall not be mated to flat-faced cast-iron flanges
        on valves or equipment. The raised face must be machined flush.
        All flange bolt holes shall straddle the horizontal and vertical
        centerlines unless otherwise noted. Install insulating kits on
        flanges connecting dissimilar metals such as steel to copper in
        order to prevent electrolytic action. Bolting shall comply with
        ASME B31.3, Process Piping. Torque values and tightening
        sequence for bolts shall be in accordance with flange
        manufacturer's instructions.

    2.  Threaded Joints: Threaded pipe joints shall have American
        Standard Taper Pipe Threads complying with ASME B1.2. Care shall
        be taken that the inside of pipe is thoroughly clean and free of
        cutting oil and foreign matter before installation. Metal
        screwed pipe joints shall be made leak-tight by the use of
        Teflon tape, pipe thread lubricant, or Teflon tape and a
        pipe-lubricating compound. Thermoplastic threaded pipe joints
        shall be made leak tight per product manufacturer's
        recommendations. When joining thermoplastic threaded pipe to
        metal threaded piping attempts should be made to screw the
        plastic pipe into female metal pipe fittings in order to reduce
        the likelihood of plastic fitting failure.

    3.  Solder-Joints: Tubing shall be cut square, reamed, and burrs
        removed. Both the inside of fittings and the outside of tubing
        shall be well cleaned with sand cloth or wire brush before
        sweating. Care shall be taken to prevent annealing of fittings
        and hard drawn tubing when making connections. Solders
        containing lead or cored solders are not permitted. Joints shall
        conform to ASTM B828. Joints shall comply with ASME B31.3,
        Process Piping and the Copper Development Association.

        a.  Solder containing antimony SHALL NOT be used to join metals
            containing zinc (e.g., galvanized iron, galvanized steel,
            and brass).

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        a.  Use sand cloth or a stainless steel wire brush to clean
            surfaces to be joined.

        b.  Solder end valve: Use a gate, globe, two-piece or
            three-piece ball valve for solder end valves. When joining a
            solder end valve, ensure valve is fully open. Apply heat to
            tube first. Transfer as much heat as possible through the
            tube to the valve. Avoid prolonged heating of the valve. Use
            a non-corrosive paste flux and solid wire solder suitable
            for the service temperatures and pressures expected.

    4.  Brazed Joints: New copper systems shall be installed with socket
        type fittings and with an argon or nitrogen purge applied. Flux
        shall not be used except where joining specialty items and
        fittings that are not available in copper. Brazing filler metals
        shall comply with AWS A5.8, Specification for Brazing Filler
        Metals. Copper-to-copper joints shall be brazed using a
        copper-phosphorus or copper-phosphorous-silver brazing filler
        metal (BCuP) without flux. Copper-to-bronze or copper-to-brass
        joints shall be brazed using an appropriate flux with 45% silver
        (Bag-5 series) brazing filler metal. The following procedure
        shall be followed:

        a.  Tube ends shall be cut square using a sharp tubing cutter.
            The wheel shall be free from grease, oil, or dirt. The cut
            end of the tubing shall be deburred with a sharp, clean
            deburring tool, taking care to prevent chips from entering
            the tube or pipe.

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        a.  The surfaces to be brazed shall be mechanically cleaned.
            Joints shall be re-cleaned if they become contaminated prior
            to brazing. Joints shall be brazed within 1 hour of being
            cleaned.

        b.  Where dissimilar metal joints, such as copper to bronze or
            brass, are being brazed, flux shall be applied sparingly to
            minimize contamination of the inside of the tube with flux.
            Where possible, short sections of copper tube shall be
            brazed to the non-copper components and the interior of the
            subassembly shall be cleaned of the flux prior to
            installation in the piping system. Flux-coated brazing rods
            may be used in lieu of the application of flux to the
            surfaces to be joined for tubes ¾" size and smaller.

        c.  While being brazed, joints shall be continuously purged with
            oil-free dry nitrogen or argon to prevent the formation of
            copper oxide on the inside surface of the joint. The flow of
            the purge gas shall be maintained until the joint is cool to
            the touch.

        d.  Exception: A final connection to an existing system shall be
            permitted to be made without the use of a purge gas.

        e.  During and after installation, openings in the piping system
            shall be kept capped or plugged to avoid unnecessary loss of
            purge gas and to prevent contamination. Do not begin brazing
            until piping is fully purged of air. For continuous runs of
            piping, brazing shall begin at the purge port area and
            continue through the system. The purge connection shall not
            be changed. While brazing, a discharge opening shall be
            provided on the opposite side of the joint from where the
            purge gas is introduced. During brazing, the purge gas flow
            rate shall be maintained at a level that will not produce a
            positive pressure in the piping system. While welding, the
            minimum purge rate shall be 15 scfh for ¼" tubing or 25 scfh
            for all tubing ⅜" and larger. Purge shall continue after
            completion of braze until the joint is cool.

        f.  After brazing, the outside of all joints shall be cleaned by
            washing with water and a stainless steel brush to remove any
            residue and permit clear visual inspection of the joint.
            Where flux has been permitted, hot water shall be used.

    5.  Swagelok Compression Fittings: Follow the manufacturer's
        installation instructions for assembling tubing and tube
        fittings. Use a sharp clean tube cutter wheel to cut tubing.
        Remove burrs, chips, and scratches from the end of the tubing.
        Ensure that the tubing is fully bottomed in the fitting before
        final tightening. After assembly, check that the fitting is
        properly tightened by using a Gap Inspection Gauge.

    6.  Welded Joints: Joints between sections of pipe and between pipe
        and fittings may be welded using either gas or electric welding
        equipment. Stainless steel welding shall conform to AWS
        B2.1-8-005. All pipe surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned before
        welding. Each joint, except socket-weld joints, shall be beveled
        before being welded. The contractor shall provide a
        non-flammable mat or blanket to protect the structure and
        adequate fire protection equipment at all locations where
        welding is done. All elbows shall be long radius where space
        conditions allow. Wherever branch connections are made to piping
        systems on the main run, welding sockets or weld-o-lets may be
        used in lieu of reducing outlet tees for branch connections up
        to one-half the size of the main run. On connections larger than
        one-half the size of the main run, welding tees shall be used.
        The use of fittings formed from welded pipe sections will not be
        permitted. All welding shall conform to the requirements of
        Sandia Construction Standard Specification Section 15050, Basic
        Mechanical Materials and Methods. Any welding work being done
        requires:

        a.  A Hot-Work permit from SNL Fire Protection.

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        a.  A dedicated Fire Watch during the work process until
            thirty (30) minutes after completion.

        b.  A minimum 2-A rated fire extinguisher located near the
            welding site.

        c.  Any other special requirements as may be listed on the
            permit.

    7.  Solvent Cement Joints: CPVC and all thermoplastic pipe solvent
        cement joints shall follow the manufacturer's installation
        instructions for assembly of joints with respect to pipe size
        and ambient conditions. All installations shall comply with ASTM
        F 402 "Standard Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
        Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and
        Fittings".

    8.  Copper or Copper Alloy Pressure Seal Joints: Copper and copper
        alloy press connections shall be made in accordance with the
        manufacturer's installation instructions. The tubing shall be
        fully inserted into the fitting and the tubing marked at the
        shoulder of the fitting. The fitting alignment shall be checked
        against the mark on the tubing to assure the tubing is fully
        engaged (inserted) into the fitting. The joints shall be pressed
        using the tool(s) approved by the manufacturer.

    9.  Grooved joints shall be installed in accordance with the
        manufacturer's latest published installation instructions.
        Grooved ends shall be clean and free from indentations,
        projections, and roll marks in the area from pipe end to groove.
        Gaskets shall be of an Elastomer grade suitable for the intended
        service, and shall be molded and produced by the coupling
        manufacturer.

    10. System Drains: Drains indicated on the drawings in connection
        with water distribution systems shall be no smaller than ¾" IPS.
        Install valve with bronze caps or plugs, unless otherwise noted.
        Additional drains shall be installed at low points on the hot
        water and chilled water piping to ensure proper draining of the
        system, and all piping shall pitch to the drains. System drains
        used on 14-inch and larger piping systems, shall use a minimum
        1-1/2 inch drain. ball or gate valves with hose end fitting and
        cap shall be provided as drain valves at low points.

C.  Discharge from pressure relief valves shall be piped full-size and
    extended to a nearby floor sink or to the outside of the building
    structure, unless otherwise shown on the drawings.

D.  Insulation of all pipes, valves, fittings, and equipment shall be in
    accordance with Section 15083, Piping and Equipment Insulation,
    unless noted otherwise on the drawings.

E.  Identification and Labels: All piping systems shall be labeled and
    identified in accordance with Section 15050, Basic Mechanical
    Materials and Methods.

F.  Cross-Connection Prevention:

    1.  A reduced pressure backflow prevention assembly (RPBA) shall be
        installed to prevent cross-connection contamination between
        potable water systems and non-potable, potentially polluted, or
        contaminated systems such as drainage systems, soil lines, fire
        protection lines, or chemical lines.

    2.  All potable water fixture outlets with hose attachments, such as
        hose bibbs, janitor sinks or lab sinks, shall be protected by an
        approved (SCO or IAPMO) vacuum breaker device.

    3.  Reduced pressure backflow prevention assemblies shall be
        approved by the Foundation for Cross Connection Control and
        Hydraulic Research, University of Southern California
        (USC-FCCCHR).

    4.  Backflow prevention assemblies used or installed under this
        contract shall be tested by a "Certified Backflow Control
        Assembly Tester" who possesses a current (within 3 years from
        date of issuance) certificate that confirms the successful
        completion of an approved (SCO-specified or USC-FCCCHR, or
        Colorado Environmental Training Center, Golden, Colorado)
        training course.

    5.  The Contractor shall perform an operational test on any new or
        relocated backflow prevention assemblies used or installed under
        this contract. Passing backflow preventers shall be labeled with
        a tag indicating the test performed, the tester's initials, and
        the date. Testing documentation shall be submitted to the SCO.

    6.  Repairs to reduced pressure backflow prevention assemblies shall
        be made with original manufacturer's parts.

    7.  Piping downstream of reduced pressure backflow prevention
        assemblies shall be labeled "Non-potable" or "NPW" in accordance
        with Section 15050, "Basic Mechanical Materials and Methods".

    8.  RPBA devices shall be installed at a maximum distance of 5 feet
        from finished floor with a 1 foot clearance maintained on all
        sides for ease of maintenance.

    9.  Adequate drainage shall be provided for the RPBA and meet the
        following:

        a.  Discharge shall be piped full size (of the relief valve) and
            extend to a location shown on project drawings.

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        a.  Discharge piping shall be sloped minimum 1/8" per foot.

G.  Compressed Air Receivers: Install receiver with sufficient clearance
    to allow access to manhole or armhole.

H.  Gas Meters: Reference Sandia National Laboratories standard drawing
    gas meter detail number WG5007STD for proper installation of gas
    service to buildings.

I.  Gas Regulators: Reference Sandia National Laboratories standard
    drawing gas meter detail number WG5007STD for proper installation of
    gas service to buildings.

J.  Instrumentation: Local temperature and pressure instrumentation
    located in mechanical equipment rooms shall be of industrial quality
    and should be easily read from a normal vantage point from within
    the area. If instrumentation is placed in piping or ducts 10' above
    the finished floor, a large 5-inch dial shall be used for ease of
    reading. Local instrumentation installed on point-of-use equipment
    shall be of a commercial utility quality, and that can be easily
    read from a vantage point near the equipment. Outdoor
    instrumentation shall be protected with weather shields.

## Tests

A.  General:

    Before insulation is applied, all piping, equipment, and accessories
    installed under this contract shall be inspected and pressure tested
    by the Contractor in the presence of the SCO and approved before
    acceptance. The Contractor shall furnish all labor, material, and
    equipment required for testing. The use of data logging
    instrumentation is recommended for testing. The Contractor shall be
    responsible for all repairs and retesting as required. All
    instruments and equipment whose safe pressure range is below that of
    the test pressure shall be removed from the line or blanked off
    before applying the tests. For test, the contractor shall provide a
    4 inch or greater diameter pressure gauge with 1% full scale
    accuracy. Pressure ranges and scale graduations for the different
    piping systems are specified in the following test pressure table.

B.  Testing:

    1.  Steam, condensate, hot water, chilled water, process water, and
        tower water piping shall be tested hydrostatically at the test
        pressures specified and shall show no drop in pressure in a
        2-hour period.

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    1.  Fuel gas and compressed air piping shall be tested using
        compressed air or dry nitrogen as indicated at the test
        pressures specified and shall show no drop in pressure in a
        2-hour period. Immediately after fuel gas is turned on into a
        new system, the piping shall be tested for leakage; gas leaks
        shall be located by a non corrosive leak detector fluid.

    2.  Process Vacuum piping shall be tested using a 23-inch Hg vacuum
        and shall show no rise in pressure for 15 minutes; vacuum leaks
        shall be located by ultrasonic leak detection. DO NOT use
        pressure testing on plastic piping systems! Severe damage or
        bodily injury can result.

C.  Test Pressures:

    Unless otherwise specified or noted below, hydrostatic test pressure
    shall be 1.5 times the system operating design pressure and
    pneumatic test pressure shall be 1.25 times the system operating
    design pressure, whichever is greater.

  -------------------- ----------- -------------- ----------------- --------------- -------- ------------
  **TEST PRESSURE                                                                            
  (psig or vacuum)**                                                                         

  **SYSTEM**           **Test      **Test Gauge   **Hydrostatic**   **Pneumatic**            **Vacuum**
                       Gauge       Graduation**                                              
                       Range**                                                               

  Steam System 31-125  300 psig    2 psig         225               NA                       NA
  psig                                                                                       

  Steam System 0-30    100 psig    1 psig         50                NA                       NA
  psig                                                                                       

  Steam Condensate     200 psig    2 psig         100               NA                       NA
  System                                                                                     

  Heating Water, and   200 psig    2 psig         150               NA                       NA
  Chilled Water                                                                              
  Systems                                                                                    

  Process Water        1.5 times   2 psig         1.5 times design  NA                       NA
  Systems              test                                                                  
                       pressure                                                              

  Tower Water System   200 psig    2 psig         100               NA                       NA

  Aboveground Fuel Gas 60 psig     0.5 psig       NA                25                       NA
  System                                                                                     

  Compressed Air       100 psig    1 psig         NA                60                       NA
  System 0-30 psig                                                                           

  Compressed Air       300 psig    2 psig         NA                250                      NA
  System 31-165 psig                                                                         

  Compressed Air       1.5 times   2 psig         NA                1.5 times                NA
  System Above 165     test                                         design                   
  psig                 pressure                                                              

  Process Vacuum       30\"-0 Hg   2\"            NA                NA                       23" Hg
  System                                                                                     
  -------------------- ----------- -------------- ----------------- --------------- -------- ------------

D.  Flushing and Cleaning:

    Coordination for flushing and cleaning of the systems shall be
    through the SCO to ensure that all systems, components and controls
    are in place to execute Section 15189, Chemical Treatment.

\- END OF SECTION 15051 -