United States of America

Preliminary View Statements concering WRC-2000

### 

# Summary

Attached are the United States preliminary view documents concerning the
2000 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-2000). These views reflect
deliberations in the United States as of 20 March 1999 and will be kept
up to date as the our preparatory process continues.

The United States intends to take into account comments and views
expressed by other administrations as progress in proposal development
continues.

The document as a whole and each of the individual views have been
annotated to indicate the date of its last revision.

**Table of Contents**

Summary [1](#summary)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.2
[4](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.2)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Revision of Appendix **S3**, spurious emissions for
space services, radar systems, and very narrowband or unmodulated
signals.
[4](#issue-revision-of-appendix-s3-spurious-emissions-for-space-services-radar-systems-and-very-narrowband-or-unmodulated-signals.)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.3
[5](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.3)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: The revision of Appendix **S7**
[5](#issue-the-revision-of-appendix-s7)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.4
[6](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.4)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Allocation of the Fixed Service in the Band
31.8-33.4 GHz and Identification of the Band for High Density Systems
[6](#issue-allocation-of-the-fixed-service-in-the-band-31.8-33.4-ghz-and-identification-of-the-band-for-high-density-systems)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Use of the band 40.5-42.5 GHz by the FSS, including
review of the allocation to the FSS in the band 40.5-42.5 GHz and the
provisional application date of 1 January 2001 of this allocation in
Regions 1 and 3, taking full account of the requirements of the other
services to which the band is allocated and the available ITU-R studies.
[7](#issue-use-of-the-band-40.5-42.5-ghz-by-the-fss-including-review-of-the-allocation-to-the-fss-in-the-band-40.5-42.5-ghz-and-the-provisional-application-date-of-1-january-2001-of-this-allocation-in-regions-1-and-3-taking-full-account-of-the-requirements-of-the-other-services-to-which-the-band-is-allocated-and-the-available-itu-r-studies.)

[ISSUE:]{.underline} Verification of PFD Limits in Article **S21** as to
whether they adequately protect terrestrial services from FSS networks
in the bands 37-40 GHz. (Resolution **133**)
[9](#issue-verification-of-pfd-limits-in-article-s21-as-to-whether-they-adequately-protect-terrestrial-services-from-fss-networks-in-the-bands-37-40-ghz.-resolution-133)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.5
[10](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.5)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Matters related to high-altitude radio-relay
platforms.
[10](#issue-matters-related-to-high-altitude-radio-relay-platforms.)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.6.1
[11](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.6.1)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: High Altitude Platforms (HAPS) in the terrestrial
component of IMT-2000 (Matters related to IMT-2000)
[11](#issue-high-altitude-platforms-haps-in-the-terrestrial-component-of-imt-2000-matters-related-to-imt-2000)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.6.2
[12](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.6.2)

ISSUE: Is a specific physical global radio control channel required?
[12](#issue-is-a-specific-physical-global-radio-control-channel-required)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.7
[13](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.7)

[ISSUE:]{.underline} Use of High Frequency (HF) Bands by Aeronautical
Mobile (R) and Maritime Service.
[13](#issue-use-of-high-frequency-hf-bands-by-aeronautical-mobile-r-and-maritime-service.)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.8
[14](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.8)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Regulatory and technical provisions to enable earth
stations located on board vessels to operate in the fixed-satellite
service networks in the bands 3700-4200 MHz and 5925-6425 MHz
[14](#issue-regulatory-and-technical-provisions-to-enable-earth-stations-located-on-board-vessels-to-operate-in-the-fixed-satellite-service-networks-in-the-bands-3700-4200-mhz-and-5925-6425-mhz)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.9
[15](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.9)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) Uplink at 1675-1710
MHz. [15](#issue-mobile-satellite-service-mss-uplink-at-1675-1710-mhz.)

[ISSUE:]{.underline} Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) downlink at
1559-1567 MHz.
[16](#issue-mobile-satellite-service-mss-downlink-at-1559-1567-mhz.)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Use of the bands 1525-1559 MHz and 1626.5-1660.5
MHz by the Mobile-Satellite Service while ensuring the availability and
integrity of safety communications
[17](#issue-use-of-the-bands-1525-1559-mhz-and-1626.5-1660.5-mhz-by-the-mobile-satellite-service-while-ensuring-the-availability-and-integrity-of-safety-communications)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.11
[18](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.11)

[ISSUE:]{.underline} Allocation below 1 GHz to NGSO MSS downlinks at
405-406 MHz.
[18](#issue-allocation-below-1-ghz-to-ngso-mss-downlinks-at-405-406-mhz.)

[ISSUE:]{.underline} Additional allocations to NVNG (Non-Voice
Non-Geostationary) MSS (Earth-to-space) in the 450-470 MHz band
[19](#issue-additional-allocations-to-nvng-non-voice-non-geostationary-mss-earth-to-space-in-the-450-470-mhz-band)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.12
[20](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.12)

[ISSUE:]{.underline} Sharing between NGSO MSS feederlinks and GSO FSS
networks in the Bands 19.3 - 19.7 GHz and 29.1-29.5 GHz.
[20](#issue-sharing-between-ngso-mss-feederlinks-and-gso-fss-networks-in-the-bands-19.3---19.7-ghz-and-29.1-29.5-ghz.)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.13
[21](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.13)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Regulatory and technical provisions to enable
sharing among non-GSO FSS, GSO FSS, GSO BSS, space sciences and
terrestrial services.
[21](#issue-regulatory-and-technical-provisions-to-enable-sharing-among-non-gso-fss-gso-fss-gso-bss-space-sciences-and-terrestrial-services.)

[ISSUE:]{.underline} Regulatory Mechanisms for Applying EPFD~Down~,
EPFD~Up~, and EPFD~ISS~ Limits to "N" NGSO Systems
[27](#issue-regulatory-mechanisms-for-applying-epfddown-epfdup-and-epfdiss-limits-to-n-ngso-systems)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.15.1
[30](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.15.1)

[ISSUE:]{.underline} Identification of a new civil frequency for RNSS.
[30](#issue-identification-of-a-new-civil-frequency-for-rnss.)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.15.2
[31](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.15.2)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Recognition in the allocation table of space-based
RNSS receivers in the bands 1559-1610 MHz and 1215-1260 MHz.
[31](#issue-recognition-in-the-allocation-table-of-space-based-rnss-receivers-in-the-bands-1559-1610-mhz-and-1215-1260-mhz.)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.16
[32](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.16)

[ISSUE:]{.underline} Passive Allocations above 71 GHz.
[32](#issue-passive-allocations-above-71-ghz.)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.17
[33](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.17)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Earth exploration-satellite (passive) service
allocation in the band 18.6 - 18.8 GHz.
[33](#issue-earth-exploration-satellite-passive-service-allocation-in-the-band-18.6---18.8-ghz.)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.18
[34](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.18)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Appendix **S18** [34](#issue-appendix-s18)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.19
[35](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.19)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: How should the IRG guide GTE studies to provide
increased spectrum for countries in the WRC-97 BSS and associated feeder
link Plans for Regions 1 and 3 in accordance with the principles set
forth in Resolution **532(WRC-97)**.
[35](#issue-how-should-the-irg-guide-gte-studies-to-provide-increased-spectrum-for-countries-in-the-wrc-97-bss-and-associated-feeder-link-plans-for-regions-1-and-3-in-accordance-with-the-principles-set-forth-in-resolution-532wrc-97.)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Should the orbital position limitations contained
in Annex **7** to Appendix **S30** be observed during the IRG's
replanning studies for the Regions 1 and 3 BSS and feeder link Plans?
[36](#issue-should-the-orbital-position-limitations-contained-in-annex-7-to-appendix-s30-be-observed-during-the-irgs-replanning-studies-for-the-regions-1-and-3-bss-and-feeder-link-plans)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.19Bis
[38](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.19bis)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Rules of Procedure associated with No**. S23.13**.
[38](#issue-rules-of-procedure-associated-with-no.-s23.13.)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.20
[39](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.20)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Procedural Issues associated with Appendices
**S30** and **S30A**.
[39](#issue-procedural-issues-associated-with-appendices-s30-and-s30a.)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.21
[40](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-1.21)

[ISSUE:]{.underline} Report of the Director of the Radiocommunication
Bureau on Compatibility of the revised (by WRC-97) Regions 1 and 3
Broadcasting-Satellite Service (BSS) Bands and Feederlink Plans.
[40](#issue-report-of-the-director-of-the-radiocommunication-bureau-on-compatibility-of-the-revised-by-wrc-97-regions-1-and-3-broadcasting-satellite-service-bss-bands-and-feederlink-plans.)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 2
[41](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-2)

[ISSUE]{.underline}: Incorporation by Reference
[41](#issue-incorporation-by-reference)

United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 6
[42](#united-states-preliminary-view-for-agenda-item-6)

[ISSUE:]{.underline} Possible provision on the 2001 agenda for the
allocation for feeder links in bands around 1.4 GHz to NVNG MSS with
service links below 1 GHz.
[42](#issue-possible-provision-on-the-2001-agenda-for-the-allocation-for-feeder-links-in-bands-around-1.4-ghz-to-nvng-mss-with-service-links-below-1-ghz.)

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.2**

**WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.2**: *to finalize remaining issues in the
review of Appendix **S3** to the Radio Regulations with respect to
spurious emissions for space services, taking into account
Recommendation **66** (Rev. WRC-97) and the decisions of WRC-97 adoption
of new values, due to take effect at a future time, of spurious
emissions for space services;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Revision of Appendix **S3**, spurious emissions for space services, radar systems, and very narrowband or unmodulated signals.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: Recommendation No. **66 (Rev. WRC-97)**
directs the ITU-R to submit a report to WRC-2000 with a view to
finalizing the space services spurious emissions limits in Appendix
**S3** of the Radio Regulations. The current RR text lists space
services spurious emissions as design objectives that will become limits
if not changed by the next WRC. Current studies show that these limits
are achievable.

TG1/5 recommended, however, that amateur earth stations below 30 MHz be
required to meet the limits applying to other amateur terrestrial
systems.

Furthermore, modifications to Appendix **S3** made at WRC-97 could be
wrongly interpreted in two provisions pertaining to radar systems.
First, the limits on systems installed on or before 1 January 2003 were
not intended to apply to radars; however, the wording in Section 1,
paragraph 6 could be read as applying the limits to radars. Second,
Section 2, paragraph 8 indicates that the e.i.r.p. measurement method
can be used when it is not possible to measure the power applied to the
antenna transmission line. Because there are many radar systems where
the antenna attenuates the spurious signals, measurement of the power
applied to the antenna transmission line may be "possible" but not
"appropriate." For this reason, common practice is to measure all radars
using the e.i.r.p. method and should be indicated in the Appendix.

Lastly, difficulties may be experienced in applying Appendix **S3** to
very narrowband or unmodulated signals because of the current approach
of approximating where spurious emissions start as approximately 250% of
the necessary bandwidth.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The United States supports removal
of the "design objectives" designation from the space services spurious
emissions limits given that the limits and reference bandwidth remain as
agreed at WRC-97. Also, the United States supports covering amateur
earth stations below 30 MHz under the limits applying to other amateur
terrestrial systems.

Furthermore, it supports modification to Appendix **S3** to make it
clear that no limits apply to radar systems installed on or before 1
January 2003 and that the e.i.r.p. method can be used on radars.

The United States also supports using the amplifier bandwidth as the
necessary bandwidth for determining where to begin measuring spurious
emissions for very narrowband or unmodulated signals.**(12August98)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.3**

**WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.3**: *to consider the results of ITU-R studies
in respect of Appendix **S7/28** on the method for the determination of
the coordination area around an earth station in frequency bands shared
among space services and terrestrial radiocommunication services, and to
take the appropriate decision to revise this Appendix;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: The revision of Appendix **S7**

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: Appendix **S7** provides the method for
determining the coordination area around an earth station. The appendix
has not been updated in many years, though changes have been made to the
associated recommendations (ITU-R Recommendations IS. 847-850). Work in
TG1/6 is aimed at 1) updating the system characteristics that are used;
2) considering new approaches to handling new propagation information
and other probabilistic factors; and 3) extending the frequency range to
which the recommendations apply.

The TG1/6 review has identified some potential difficulties. In the
past, propagation and probabilistic factors have been lumped together.
TG1/6 is currently considering methods to separate these aspects. Though
Appendix S7 has been successfully used for years without identifying the
probabilistic component, the separation of the factors may lead to
concern from services that do not like to consider their protection in
terms of probability. However, without the probabilistic component new
approaches for dealing with propagation may lead to an unnecessary
increase in the size of coordination areas. Furthermore, there may not
be a clear benefit to extending the frequency range below 1000 MHz.
Also, if used to update Appendix **S7**, ITU-R Recommendation IS.847 in
the context of transportable equipment may not be properly applied near
land boundaries between administrations.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The United States supports the
updating of Appendix **S7** using the improved techniques given in ITU-R
Recommendations IS. 847 through 850 as a basis, by using updated system
characteristics, and by extending the frequency range upward. However,
the United States is concerned about the work of TG1/6 as it pertains to
new approaches for dealing with probabilistic and propagation
components, extension of the frequency range below 1000 MHz, and the
potential use of ITU-R Recommendation IS. 847 for transportable
equipment. The United States recognizes that the existing methodology in
Appendix **S7** has worked well and that unnecessary larger coordination
areas may result from separating the propagation and probability
considerations. This issue has not yet been resolved and the United
States will continue to participate in the development of appropriate
methods. **(3September98)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.4**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.4**: *to consider issues concerning allocations
and regulatory aspects related to Resolutions **126 (WRC-97), 726
(WRC-97)**, **128 (WRC-97), 129 (WRC-97)**, **133 (WRC-97)** and **134
(WRC-97)**;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Allocation of the Fixed Service in the Band 31.8-33.4 GHz and Identification of the Band for High Density Systems

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: WRC-97 added a fixed service allocation to the
band 31.8-33.4 GHz and identified it via RR **S5.547**, as available for
use by high-density systems. Since no studies had been performed within
the ITU-R to verify the compatibility of such systems with the
operations of other allocated services, WRC-97 choose to delay until
2001 implementation of the allocation via No. **S5.547A** and Resolution
**126**. The band is currently used worldwide for airborne
radionavigation systems critical to safety and operations related to
ground mapping, weather avoidance and calibration of aircraft on‑board
navigation systems for accurate aerial delivery in adverse weather.
Furthermore, at specific sites around the world the 31.8-32.3 GHz
portion of the band is used for reception of space research signals from
deep space that carries data essential to the function and experiments
of deep space probes.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: Given the availability of higher
and lower frequencies for high density fixed systems, the
characteristics of the radionavigation equipment, and the fact that this
is the only radionavigation allocation in this portion of the spectrum,
WRC-2000 should require that technical studies demonstrate that such
fixed systems can operate compatibly with existing airborne
radionavigation systems before implementing a fixed service allocation.
These studies must account for the mobile requirements of aeronautical
radionavigation and large line-of-sight distances associated with these
operations. Furthermore, the studies must determine methods to be used
to ensure protection of space research sites (deep space). **(22May98)**

**United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.4**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.4**: *to consider issues concerning allocations
and regulatory aspects related to Resolutions **126 (WRC-97), 726
(WRC-97)**, **128 (WRC-97), 129 (WRC-97)**, **133 (WRC-97)** and **134
(WRC-97)**;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Use of the band 40.5-42.5 GHz by the FSS, including review of the allocation to the FSS in the band 40.5-42.5 GHz and the provisional application date of 1 January 2001 of this allocation in Regions 1 and 3, taking full account of the requirements of the other services to which the band is allocated and the available ITU-R studies.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: At WRC-97, the United States proposed that an
FSS primary allocation be added to the bands 40.5 to 42.5 GHz. The
proposal was adopted by all Region 2 countries at the Conference. It was
also adopted by most countries of Region 3 and all Arab countries and
some African countries in Region 1.

In light of the use of the band 37-40 GHz by the Fixed Service (FS)
around the world, the 40.5-42.5 GHz band was identified as a candidate
band within the range 30-50 GHz for the FSS in the space-to-Earth
direction to provide flexibility in implementing future FSS systems.

The United States is in the process of addressing co-channel and
adjacent channel sharing issues. To this end the U.S. is participating
in the studies that are being conducted in Working Party (WP) 4A and WP
4/9S in accordance with the provisions of Resolution **129 (WRC-97)**.

With regard to sharing issues with the radio astronomy service in the
adjacent band, the United States is actively participating in Working
Party 7D. This group's responsibilities regarding agenda item 1.4 is to
conduct ITU-R studies pursuant to Resolution **128 (WRC-97)**. It is
studying the potential for harmful interference from space stations in
the FSS (space-to-Earth) operating in the band 41.5-42.5 GHz to the
Radio Astronomy service operating in the 42.5-43.5 GHz band. WP 7D, with
the help of SGs 1, 3 and 4 are to identify technical and operational
measures that may be taken to protect RA station operations, including
geographical separation and out-of-band emission limits to FSS space
stations operating in the 41.5-42.5 GHz band, as well as measures that
may be implemented to reduce the susceptibility of stations in the RA
service to harmful interference. These studies have not yet been
completed.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The United States supports the
worldwide allocation of the 40.5-42.5 GHz band for FSS in accordance
with the following three principles:

1\. The U.S. supports the allocation of the 40.5-42.5 GHz band worldwide
to the FSS at WRC-2000 with an implementation in the year 2000 (see
Resolution **134 (WRC-97)**), recognizing that fixed‑satellite systems
in the band 41.5-42.5 GHz shall not be implemented until technical and
operational measures have been identified and agreed within ITU-R to
protect radio astronomy service from harmful interference in the band
42.5-43.5 GHz.

2\. The U.S. continues to participate in sharing studies relative to
sharing in this band between the FSS and terrestrial services. These
studies will take due account of Resolution **129** and **133** from
WRC‑97.

3\. The allocation to the FSS on a worldwide basis should afford
adequate protection to the Radio Astronomy service in the adjacent band
(42.5-43.5 GHz) in accordance with Resolution **128 (WRC-97)**, noting
that it would be appropriate for the Radio Astronomy service to
investigate ways to reduces its susceptibility to harmful interference.
(**8September98)**

**United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.4**

**WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.4:** *to consider issues concerning allocations
and regulatory aspects related to Resolutions **126 (WRC-97), 726
(WRC-97)**, **128 (WRC-97), 129 (WRC-97)**, **133 (WRC-97)** and **134
(WRC-97)**;*

### [ISSUE:]{.underline} Verification of PFD Limits in Article **S21** as to whether they adequately protect terrestrial services from FSS networks in the bands 37-40 GHz. (Resolution **133**)

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: Article **S21,** Table **S21-4** specifies
that the PFD limits between 31.0 GHz and 40.5 GHz shall be:

> -115 dB (W/m2) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 0 and 5
> degrees above the horizontal plane;
>
> -115 + 0.5 (-5) dB (W/m2) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival (in
> degrees) between 5 and 25 degrees above the horizontal plane;
>
> -105 dB (W/m2) in any 1 MHz band for angles of arrival between 25 and
> 90 degrees above the horizontal plane.

The issue of adequacy of PFD limits is being addressed through the
performance of necessary studies in WP 4-9-S.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: Based on the status of the WP 4-9-S
studies and preliminary CPM information from technical studies in ITU-R
WP 4-9-S (TEMP/53), the United States believes that the power flux
density limits of -115/-105 dB(W/m2per MHz) currently specified in the
band 37.5-40.5 GHz are adequate to protect the fixed service. Prior to
concluding on the acceptability of the pfd limits, WP 4-9-S should
consider additional sharing studies should consider, for example:

-   Other FS point-to-point systems (including systems using high
    modulation schemes, e.g., 256 QAM), point-to-multipoint systems and
    FSS systems;

-   The suitability of pfd levels at high FS elevation angles;

-   The propagation information contained in draft new Recommendation
    \[4-9-S/AD\] (see Document 4-9-S/TEMP/45(Rev.1));

```{=html}
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```
-   The effect of aggregate interference from multiple FSS
    systems.**(20March99)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.5**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.5**: *to consider regulatory provisions and
possible additional frequency allocations for services using high
altitude platform stations, taking into account the results of ITU-R
studies conducted in response to Resolution **122 (WRC-97)**;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Matters related to high-altitude radio-relay platforms.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: At WRC-97, the bands 47.2-47.5 GHz and
47.9-48.2 GHz (which were already allocated for the Fixed Service) were
designated for High-Altitude Radio-Relay Platform Stations (HAPS). While
a designation does not limit the use of a band by types of services for
which it is already allocated, it does give guidance to administrations
wishing to implement specific service types. Domestically, the FCC has
proposed to permit Fixed Service use, including HAPS, in the band
47.2-48.2 GHz, using five sets of two 100 MHz paired channels with each
pair being separated by 500 MHz.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The U.S. supports the WRC-97
designation of the bands 47.2-47.5 GHz and 47.9-48.2 GHz for use by
HAPS. WRC-97 agreed to study how HAPS would share with other services
that share these bands on a primary basis, with a view to determining if
additional sharing is possible. **(20May98)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.6.1**

**WRC-99 AGENDA ITEM 1.6.1:** *review of spectrum and regulatory issues
for advanced mobile applications in the context of IMT-2000, noting that
there is an urgent need to provide more spectrum for the terrestrial
component of such applications and that priority should be given to
terrestrial mobile spectrum needs, and adjustments to the Table of
Frequency Allocations as necessary;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: High Altitude Platforms (HAPS) in the terrestrial component of IMT-2000 (Matters related to IMT-2000)

[BACKGROUND:]{.underline} Following WRC-97\'s designation of the bands
47.2 - 47.5 GHz and 47.9 - 48.2 GHz for use by HAPS in the fixed
service, a number of administrations expressed interest in the ability
of HAPS to provide terrestrial IMT-2000 mobile and fixed wireless access
services. Because WRC‑97 adopted RR **S4.15A** providing that
\"Transmissions to or from high altitude platform stations shall be
limited to bands specifically identified in Article **S5**\", it will be
necessary to obtain a change to the Table of Frequency Allocations at
WRC-99 to provide for the optional use of HAPS terrestrial IMT‑2000
systems. Agenda Item 1.6.1 provides in pertinent part for \"review of
\... regulatory issues for advanced mobile applications in the context
of IMT-2000 \... and adjustments to the Table of Frequency Allocations
as necessary.\" The use of HAPS in the terrestrial component of IMT-2000
is a regulatory issue that will require an adjustment to the table
within agenda item 1.6.1.

The United States submitted a contribution to the 27 April - 8 May
meeting of TG 8/1(Doc. 8-1/80) entitled working document toward a
preliminary draft new recommendation on operational and technical
characteristics for a terrestrial IMT-2000 system using high altitude
platform stations that described characteristics of HAPS in the
terrestrial component of IMT-2000 and that provided a PDNR proposing
that HAPS be included as a station within the bands already identified
for use by the terrestrial component of IMT-2000 (1885-1980 MHz,
2010-2025 MHz, and 2110-2170 MHz in Regions 1 and 3; and 1885-1980 MHz
and 2110-2160 MHz in Region 2), subject to operating and sharing
studies. The TG8/1 meeting determined that HAPS is a new technology that
may provide benefits as a low cost, large area coverage, delivery
vehicle for IMT-2000 terrestrial service. TG 8/1 established a
Correspondence Group to study the operating and sharing characteristics
of HAPS within the bands already identified for use by the terrestrial
component of IMT-2000 in order to prepare contributions to the next
meeting of TG 8/1 in November 1998.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The United States supports the TG
8/1 studies concerning operating and sharing characteristics of HAPS
IMT-2000 in the bands 1885-1980 MHz, 2010-2025 MHz, and 2110-2170 MHz in
Regions 1 and 3; and 1885-1980 MHz and 2110-2160 MHz in Region 2. The
United States will actively participate in the HAPS IMT-2000
Correspondence Group and encourages CITEL and other administrations to
do so as well. Upon acceptance of HAPS TG8/1 study results, the United
States may consider the recognition of HAPS as an option available to
administrations in deploying terrestrial IMT-2000 systems.
**(11September98)**

# **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.6.2**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.6.2:** *identification of a global radio
control channel to facilitate mulitimode terminal operation and
worldwide roaming of IMT-2000;*

### ISSUE: Is a specific physical global radio control channel required?

**Background Information**: At the time that the WRC-2000 agenda was
established, studies were underway within TG8/1 examining whether global
roaming could be accomplished by identifying one or more global radio
control channels that could allow radios to be tuned to the appropriate
frequency band identifying a \"physical\" channel has wanted, in favor
of using other approaches that may include the development of a
\"logical\" channel structure for this purpose.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: Based on discussions to date within
TG8/1, it has been determined that facilitation of multi-mode terminal
operation and worldwide roaming of IMT-2000 is possible without a
specific physical global radio control channel. Thus, there is not a
need to identify a global radio control channel for IMT-2000 in the
Radio Regulations.

## 

## 

# **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.7**

**WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.7:** *review of the use of the HF bands by the
aeronautical mobile (R) and maritime mobile services with a view to
protecting operational, distress and safety communications, taking into
account Resolution **346 (WRC-97)**;*

### [ISSUE:]{.underline} Use of High Frequency (HF) Bands by Aeronautical Mobile (R) and Maritime Service.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: The HF bands allocated for the distress and
safety communications of the maritime and aeronautical mobile (R)
services have been subjected to harmful interference caused by
unauthorized use. This unauthorized use of safety related HF frequencies
has increased in recent years and is resulting in considerable worldwide
interference to the operational distress and safety communications
spectrum utilized by the maritime and aeronautical communities. Radio is
the sole means of communications for the aeronautical and maritime
mobile services and the frequencies in the bands allocated to these
services are reserved or used for distress and safety purposes and that
the aeronautical mobile (R) service is a safety service. It is essential
for the safety of life and property that distress and safety channels of
the maritime mobile service and the allocations to the aeronautical
mobile (R) service be kept free from unauthorized use and harmful
interference.

The protection of maritime HF distress and safety frequencies, in
particular the frequencies 12 290 kHz and 16 420 kHz, is addressed in
Resolution **346 (WRC-97)**. The problem of interference to distress
traffic on these frequencies is due to their use as calling frequencies.
Resolution **346** calls for administrations to minimize the use of
these frequencies for non-safety calling purposes by coast and ship
stations.

The interference to HF frequencies allocated to the aeronautical mobile
(R) service between 2 850 kHz and 22 000 kHz appears to be the result of
unauthorized non-aviation use of aeronautical mobile (R) frequencies. In
some parts of the world the aeronautical mobile (R) HF frequencies are
being used for land mobile, broadcast, fixed point to point
communications and unlicensed applications to support fishing fleets.
These unauthorized applications have diminished the spectrum available
for the aeronautical mobile (R) safety of life applications.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The United States will work to
ensure these safety services are protected. Administrations should
ensure that stations of services other than the aeronautical mobile (R)
and maritime mobile service abstain from using frequencies in the
distress and safety channels and their guard bands and in the bands
allocated exclusively to either the aeronautical mobile (R) or the
maritime mobile service. That Administrations make every effort to
identify and located the source of any unauthorized emission capable of
endangering human life and property and the safe and regular conduct of
aircraft operations, and to take necessary measures to prevent stations
from operating in contravention of ITU Radio Regulations.
**(20March99)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.8**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.8:** *to consider regulatory and technical
provisions to enable earth stations located on board vessels to operate
in the fixed-satellite service networks in the bands 3 700 --4 200 MHz
and 5 925 - 6 425 MHz, including their coordination with other services
allocated in these bands;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Regulatory and technical provisions to enable earth stations located on board vessels to operate in the fixed-satellite service networks in the bands 3700-4200 MHz and 5925-6425 MHz

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: This item concerns provision of broadband
communications in the maritime context by earth stations on board
vessels using frequencies and existing space segment in the
fixed-satellite service. These facilities operate in three distinct
modes: (i) at sea, (ii) while stationary in port, and (iii) in-motion
along designated sea lanes while approaching or departing from port. The
item is assigned to ITU-R Study Group 4-9S; Study Group 1 is listed as
an interested group to provide guidance on associated regulatory issues.
A Draft New Report (Doc. 4-9S/TEMP/39) contains the working plan for a
Correspondence Group to complete all associated technical studies by the
next international WP 4-9S meeting.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The U.S. considers that operations
at sea (beyond the as-yet-to-be-determined distance for near-shore
coordination) by earth stations on board vessels in the fixed-satellite
service do not present potential for interference to terrestrial
stations and need not be coordinated. Operations while these facilities
are stationary in port are being coordinated in the U.S. as
fixed-satellite earth stations. However, from a regulatory
point-of-view, it has not yet been determined whether port-side
operations will be considered as "fixed earth stations" or as "temporary
fixed earth stations". Other technical and regulatory issues remaining
for resolution concern the potential for interference between in-motion
operations aboard ships that are underway between port and "at sea"
(currently operated on a secondary basis) and terrestrial stations in
the fixed service. This view is consistent with the work plan adopted
for the Correspondence Group. **(3June98)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.9**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.9**: *take into account the results of ITU-R
studies in evaluating the feasibility of an allocation in the
space-to-Earth direction to the mobile-satellite service in a portion of
the 1 559 ‑ 1 567 MHz frequency range, in response to Resolutions
**213** and **220 (WRC-97)**;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) Uplink at 1675-1710 MHz.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: At WARC-92, a Region 2 allocation for the
Mobile-Satellite Service was made at 1670-1710 MHz for uplinks. At that
time a corresponding downlink was allocated at 1492-1525 MHz. However,
no MSS use of these allocations have been made. At WRC-97, proposals
were submitted to use the 1559-1567 MHz band as a downlink to pair with
a portion of the 1670-1710 MHz band for uplink. This proposal was not
adopted by WRC-97.

The U.S. has an extensive network of Meteorological Aids (MetAids)
operations operating between 1670 and 1683 MHz. MSS uplinks are not
compatible with these operations. Under domestic law the 1670-1675 MHz
portion is to be vacated by MetAids putting increased importance on
maintaining the 1675-1683 MHz portion for MetAids. Sharing between MSS
uplinks and Meteorological-Satellite (MetSat) receivers operating above
1683 MHz may be possible under some circumstances.

The U.S. is working in WP8D and SG7 and elsewhere to document MetAids
and MetSat operations in this band.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: There is a need to continue to have
spectrum available and to protect the operation of the Met Aids and
MetSat services. Possibly there could be some use of the 1683-1710 MHz
band by MSS under a sharing arrangement with MetAids and MetSats.
**(3June98)**

**United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.9**

**WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 1.9:** *to* *take into account the results of
ITU-R studies in evaluating the feasibility of an allocation in the
space-to-Earth direction to the mobile-satellite service (MSS) in a
portion of the 1 559  1 567 MHz frequency range, in response to
Resolutions **213** **(WRC-97)** and **220 (WRC-97)***

### [ISSUE:]{.underline} Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) downlink at 1559-1567 MHz.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: The band 1559-1610 MHz is allocated to
Radionavigation Satellite Service (RNSS) and the Aeronautical
Radionavigation Service (ARNS). An objective of the United States, as
well as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), is the
implementation of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that can
support aeronautical safety in all phases of flight. The implementation
of GNSS will require use of the 1559-1610 MHz band, which is the sole
band currently identified to meet present and future requirements of
GNSS and its augmentations. A principal component of GNSS operating in
this band today is Global Position System (GPS), a navigation satellite
constellation providing a worldwide free-of-charge utility that is being
used increasingly for critical radionavigation, geolocation and timing
functions. GPS will be an element of GNSS. There are many types of GPS
receivers and applications, including aeronautical radionavigation for
all phases of flight, maritime, and uses on land such as surveying,
automobiles and scientific investigations. Systems that augment GPS in
critical applications are developing. Some of these systems are planned
to operate using frequencies in the lower end of the 1559-1610 MHz band.
These systems would be blocked by a Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS)
allocation. In addition, there are new RNSS systems being proposed that
would operate in the 1559-1567 MHz band, such as the European Space
Agency\'s, European Navigation Satellite System.

WRC-97 adopted **RES 220** in response to a proposal to add an
allocation to the 1559-1567 MHz band for the Mobile-Satellite Service.
ITU-R WP8D has been tasked with performing studies to determine if
sharing between MSS and ARNS and RNSS is feasible. The ITU Radio
Regulation **S4.10** states "Members recognize that the safety aspects
of radionavigation and other safety services require special measures to
ensure their freedom from harmful interference; it is necessary
therefore to take this factor into account in the assignment and use of
frequencies." The United States is working in WP8D and ICAO to document
GPS requirements and the requirements for new systems in this band.
Studies are largely completed to determine interference requirements of
a broad range of GPS receivers covering safety and non-safety
applications.

Further work is planned for the next WP8D meeting.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: Based on present and future
requirements of the radionavigation satellite services and in particular
civil aviation, there is a need to retain the 1559-1610 MHz band for
exclusive use by ARNS and the RNSS. Accordingly, the United States
opposes any proposed MSS allocation in the 1559-1610 MHz band, and
recommends suppression of Res. **220**. **(19January99)**

**United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.10**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.10:** *to consider results of ITU-R studies
carried out in accordance with Resolution **218 (WRC-97)** and take
appropriate action on this subject;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Use of the bands 1525-1559 MHz and 1626.5-1660.5 MHz by the Mobile-Satellite Service while ensuring the availability and integrity of safety communications

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: The generic MSS allocation, which was adopted
at WRC-97, is intended to alleviate the current spectrum congestion for
existing and planned MSS systems. Protection was afforded to the Global
Mobile Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) and the Aeronautical
Mobile‑Satellite (Route) Service by footnotes **S5.353A**, **S5362A**
and **S5362B**, respectively. These footnotes do not mandate that MSS
service providers provide AMS(R)S communications. Without this mandate,
civil aviation can be blocked from having satellite safety
communications available if the MSS service providers choose not to
provide AMS(R)S communications in the portion of the bands allocated for
this purpose. ITU-R studies currently focus on determining the amount of
spectrum these safety-of-life GMDSS and AMS(R)S services require in the
1525-1559/1626.5-1660.5 MHz bands and to determine how to accomplish
prioritization, real-time pre-emptive access and, if necessary,
interoperability between different mobile-satellite systems for GMDSS
and AMS(R)S, in order to achieve the most flexible and practical use of
the generic MSS allocations.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The footnotes containing the
protection for the safety-of-life services from MSS interference must be
reviewed, and, if necessary, revised to ensure the availability and
integrity of safety communications. **(3June98)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.11**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.11:** *to consider constraints on existing
allocations and to consider additional allocations on a worldwide basis
for the non-geostationary (non-GSO) MSS below 1 GHz, taking into account
the results of ITU-R studies conducted in response to Resolutions No.
**214 (Rev.WRC-97)** and **219 (WRC-97)**;*

### [ISSUE:]{.underline} Allocation below 1 GHz to NGSO MSS downlinks at 405-406 MHz.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: At WRC-97, the U.S., World Meteorological
Organization (WMO), and other countries drafted Resolution 219 (WRC-97)
calling for a study of the possible allocation of the 405-406 MHz band
for MSS at WRC-99. The 401-406 MHz band is currently allocated to the
Meteorological Aids Service. ITU-R studies are ongoing to determine the
feasibility and cost of transitioning the Meteorological Aids Service
out of the 405-406 MHz band.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The U.S. is considering an
allocation in the NVNG MSS in the 405-406 MHz band pending the results
of ITU-R studies. A possible transition plan and a date by which MetAids
could migrate from the 405-406 MHz and NVNG MSS operations could
commence are yet to be established. In order to protect SARSAT
(406-406.1 MHz) and Radio Astronomy (406.1-410 MHz) bands from NVNG MSS
out-of-band emissions, a 30 to 50 kHz guard band near the upper band
edge may be required. **(12August98)**

**United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.11**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.11:** *to consider constraints on existing
allocations and to consider additional allocations on a worldwide basis
for the non-geostationary (non-GSO) MSS below 1 GHz, taking into account
the results of ITU-R studies conducted in response to Resolutions No.
**214 (Rev.WRC-97)** and **219 (WRC-97)**;*

### [ISSUE:]{.underline} Additional allocations to NVNG (Non-Voice Non-Geostationary) MSS (Earth-to-space) in the 450-470 MHz band

[BACKGROUND:]{.underline} Several allocations to NVNG MSS exist in the
450-470 MHz frequency band. The frequency bands 455-456 MHz and 459-460
MHz are allocated to NVNG MSS in the entire ITU-R Region 2 and in
several administrations in each of Regions 1 and 3. Additionally, the
frequency band 454-455 MHz is allocated to the MSS in countries in each
of the three ITU-R Regions by Radio Regulations **S5.286D** and
**S5.286E**. The limited allocations in these frequency bands reduce the
ability of potential networks in these bands to provide the worldwide
communications services of which they are inherently capable. Agenda
item 1.11 includes "... to consider additional allocations on a
worldwide basis for the non-GSO/MSS below 1 GHz ...."

Resolution **214 (Rev. WRC-97)** invited the ITU-R to study sharing
between both existing and planned terrestrial services. The studies
conducted within ITU-R Study Groups have indicated that with appropriate
technical and operational constraints, Earth-to-space links for NVNG MSS
networks can frequency share with certain terrestrial systems currently
operating or planned for operation in the band.

In *considering b)*, Resolution **214 (Rev WRC-97**) indicated that in
order to meet projected MSS requirements below 1 GHz, a range of an
additional 7 to 10 MHz will be required in the near future. Additions to
the existing NVNG MSS allocations could partially provide the required
NVNG MSS spectrum.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The United States supports
expanding the existing NVNG MSS allocations at 454-455, 455-456, and
459-460 MHz to worldwide allocations. ITU-R studies have shown the
compatibility of NVNG MSS (Earth-to-space) allocations with certain
types of terrestrial MS systems that operate in the 450-470 MHz band,
with certain technical and operational constraints on the NVNG MSS
networks to facilitate co-frequency sharing with the existing services.
**(20March99)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.12**

**WRC-99 Agenda Item 1.12**: *to consider progress of studies on sharing
between feeder links of non-geostationary satellite networks in the
mobile-satellite service and geostationary-satellite networks in the
fixed-satellite service in the bands 19.3-19.7 GHz and 29.1-29.5 GHz,
taking into account Resolution **121 (Rev. WRC-97)**.*

### [ISSUE:]{.underline} Sharing between NGSO MSS feederlinks and GSO FSS networks in the Bands 19.3 - 19.7 GHz and 29.1-29.5 GHz.

[BACKGROUND:]{.underline} Resolution **121** requests that the ITU-R
conduct a study of sharing possibilities between GSO FSS and NGSO MSS
feederlinks in the bands 19.3-19.7 GHz and 29.1-29.5 GHz.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: Resolution **121** is no longer
necessary because the issue of GSO/NSGO sharing in the feederlink bands
is being addressed in the ITU-R. A deletion of the reference to
Resolution **121** in **S5.541** would follow. **(12January99)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.13**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.13:** *on the basis of results of the studies
in accordance with Resolutions **130(WRC-97), 131(WRC-97), and
538(WRC-97)**:*

> **1.13.1:** *to review and, if appropriate, revise the power limits
> appearing in Articles **S21** and **S22** in relation to the sharing
> conditions among non-GSO FSS, GSO FSS, GSO broadcasting-satellite
> service (BSS), space sciences and terrestrial services, to ensure the
> feasibility of these power limits and that these limits do not impose
> undue constraints on the development of these systems and services;*
>
> **1.13.2:** *to consider the inclusion in other frequency bands of
> similar limits in Articles **S21** and **S22**, or other regulatory
> approaches to be applied in relation to sharing situations;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Regulatory and technical provisions to enable sharing among non-GSO FSS, GSO FSS, GSO BSS, space sciences and terrestrial services.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: WRC-97 adopted provisional power flux density
limits in certain frequency bands which would apply to non-GSO FSS
systems to protect GSO FSS networks, and GSO BSS networks. Resolution
**130 (WRC-97)**, *Use of Non-Geostationary Systems in the
Fixed-Satellite Service in Certain Frequency Bands* and Article
**S22.2** of the Radio Regulations contain provisional limits
corresponding to an interference level caused by one NGSO system in the
frequency bands 10.7-12.75 GHz, 17.8-18.6 GHz, and 19.7-20.2 GHz.
Resolution **538**, *Use of the Frequency Bands Covered by Appendices
**30** and **30A** by Non-GSO Systems in the Fixed‑Satellite Service*,
and Article **S22** contain provisional limits corresponding to
permissible levels of interference from a NGSO system into a GSO BSS
network. Resolution **131 (WRC‑97)**, *Power Flux-Density Limits
Applicable to Non-GSO FSS Systems for Protection of Terrestrial Services
in the Bands 10.7-12.75 GHz and 17.7-19.3 GHz*, and Article **S21**
contain limits to protect terrestrial services. Resolution **130**
requests review of the provisional limits and calls for further study of
current pfd limits.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}:

1\. The U.S. continues to review the power limits; both the provisional
limits adopted in Article **S22** and those contained in WRC-97
Resolutions **130** and **538**, and the limits in Article **S21** and
WRC-97 Resolution **131** with the intent of protecting the GSO FSS, GSO
BSS, space sciences, and terrestrial services while allowing the
introduction of NGSO FSS systems.

#### NGSO FSS/GSO FSS SHARING

Ku-Band

2\. In the Ku-band (14/11 GHz), studies to date show that the
"provisional limits" from WRC-97 need to be modified to accomplish the
ITU WRC-97 and U.S. goal of protecting GSO systems while accommodating
NGSO FSS systems. The U.S. believes that a balanced approach to meeting
this goal is possible and that existing and new satellite technological
advances, such as NGSO FSS and evolving GSO FSS systems, can co-exist
under the right regulatory framework. Technical studies by the ITU are
incomplete on this matter. Therefore, the U.S. considers it premature to
conclude on this issue until conclusions are reached at the ITU Working
Party 4A (26 April to 4 May 1999) and Joint Task Group 4-9-11 (26 May to
1 June 1999) meetings.

Ka-Band

3\. In the Ka-band (30/20 GHz), studies to date show that the
"provisional limits" from WRC-97 need to be modified to accomplish the
ITU WRC-97 and U.S. goal of ensuring the proper conditions for the
co-existence of NGSO and GSO systems in order to ensure that they do not
impose undue constraints on the development of NGSO and GSO FSS systems.
The provisional epfd limits need to be modified so that appropriate
protection is afforded to GSO Ka-band systems employing various
techniques to compensate for rain fade. The JTG agreed that the
introduction of an appropriate per-satellite PFD mask for NGSO systems
would obviate the currently perceived need for more restrictive EPFD
limits to protect Ka-band GSO FSS systems employing adaptive coding. The
U.S. supports a per-satellite PFD mask approach so long as it does not
pose undue constraints on NGSO FSS systems and results in EPFDs that are
not overly restrictive and protect adaptive coding systems. Technical
studies by the ITU are incomplete on this matter. Therefore, the U.S.
considers it premature to conclude on this issue until conclusions are
reached at the ITU Working Party 4A (26 April to 4 May 1999) and Joint
Task Group 4-9-11 (26 May to 1 June 1999) meetings. Protection of Large
GSO FSS earth stations

4\. There will be a need for an alternative approach to facilitate
sharing in some specific situations. Transmissions to earth stations
with large antennas need to be protected from NGSO interference. The
provisional epfd limits and associated time allowances do not adequately
protect existing GSO FSS networks with large earth station antennas
(large earth station antennas will be defined as a result of technical
work within the ITU-R. EPFD limits and associated percentages of time
that would provide sufficient protection to GSO networks having large
earth station antennas would be substantially more stringent than limits
that would protect other sensitive links. It is therefore desirable that
GSO networks having large earth station antennas be treated separately
from other sensitive links in order to avoid imposing undue constraints
on the development of NGSO systems while protecting these GSO networks.
The U.S. favors coordination between NGSO FSS networks and these GSO FSS
networks. Regulatory procedures to allow an administration to identify
the need for coordination and initiate the applicable coordination
process are needed and may include additions or modifications to
Articles **S5**, **S9**, **S22** and Appendices **S4** and **S5**.
Thresholds based on GSO earth station antenna gain and protection
criteria might be used in determining a need to coordinate.

#### NGSO FSS/GSO BSS SHARING

#### 5. The provisional limits in the 12.2-12.7 GHz band need to be modified based on testing the link budgets, provided by administrations, with the JWP10-11S recommended criteria. The final epfd limits should take into account the JTG agreements regarding short-term criteria and rain models. Technical studies by the ITU on this matter are incomplete. Therefore, the U.S. considers it premature to conclude on this issue until conclusions are reached at the ITU Joint Working Party 10-11S (19 to 28 May 1999) and Joint Task Group 4-9-11 (26 May to 1 June 1999) meetings

#### 6. In the 17.3-17.8 GHz band, sharing between transmitting non-GSO FSS user terminals and receive BSS user terminals is not feasible as both terminal types would be ubiquitously deployed. Further studies are required to more accurately quantify the constraints on the GSO BSS service of sharing with a few NGSO FSS gateways. Given additional difficulties sharing with radiolocation, the U.S. does not see the sharing of this band with non-GSO FSS as feasible in Region 2..

#### 7. The study of the provisional power flux-density limits by the ITU-R and the review of these limits by WRC-2000 must ensure protection of modifications to the BSS Plans, including currently pending modifications and future modifications to the Plans The majority of BSS systems that have been implemented, or will be implemented in the future, are modifications to the Plans. In addition, more than three years can lapse between the submission of Annex 2 information regarding proposed modifications to the Plans by an administration, and the actual publication of this information by the BR. This can result in substantial delays in completion of the modification process, even for modifications of existing frequency assignments. WRC-97 (in both Resolution 538 and Resolution 721, agenda item 1.13) clearly foresaw the need to protect future modifications to the plans from NGSO FSS systems, and to ensure that these limits do not impose undue constraints on the development of these systems and services.

**NGSO FSS/TERRESTRIAL SHARING**

8\. The U.S. supports the following:

-   The per-satellite pfd limits agreed in the JTG are adequate for the
    protection of the FS in the 10.7-12.75 GHz band, subject to several
    assumptions including:

a)  The number of co-coverage, co-frequency NGSO systems is in the range
    3 to 5,

b)  The contribution of GSO systems to long term interference is not
    significant,

c)  The use of specific FS protection criteria, applied to typical FS
    links using ATPC features as described in Annex 2 to Attachment 1 of
    Doc. 4-9-11/367.

9\. The U.S. supports the JTG output regarding the PFD limits in the
17.7-19.3 GHz band. The output is contained in Doc. 4-9-11/TEMP/80 which
has been included in the JTG Chairman's Report (Doc. 4-9-11/367) as
Annex 3 to Attachment 1.

10\. The U.S. has maintained the position that the original pfd limits
(-105/-115) contained in Article S21 of the ITU Radio Regulations are
adequate to protect the FS while not unduly constraining the FSS, and
that no technical studies have proven a need to tighten these limits.
However, the limits proposed by Europe and agreed upon at the January
1999 meeting of JTG 4‑9-11 reflect a compromise that the U.S. can accept
based on the assumptions stated in Annex 3 to Attachment 1 of Doc.
4-9-11/367 (Doc. 4-9-11/TEMP/80). This solution adopted by the JTG is a
compromise that should be supported in the spirit of international
cooperation since it appears that the existing and proposed FSS systems
can live with these pfd limits and they provide additional protection to
FS systems.

11\. The U.S. supports the output of the JTG regarding the sharing
between FS Stations and non-GSO FSS Earth Stations in the 10-30 GHz
range. The output is contained in Doc. 4-9-11/TEMP/62 Rev. 2 which has
been included in the JTG Chairman's Report (Doc. 4-9-11/367) as Annex 4
to Attachment 1. The following reflects the preliminary view:

-   The JTG recognized the difficulty of frequency sharing between FS
    and NGSO FSS in the same geographic area if either service deploys
    large numbers of stations.

-   Although this is a national issue except in the vicinity of
    international borders, it is desirable to have global harmonization
    of frequency usage. In particular, many satellite systems require
    access to the same spectrum on a global basis. FS manufacturers and
    operators also benefit if their equipment can operate on the same
    frequencies in every country.

-   In principle, the use of mitigation techniques by one or both
    services improves the ability of those services to share the same
    frequency bands. The feasibility of potential mitigation techniques
    and their relative effectiveness are currently being studied. This
    involves a wide range of technical, economic and regulatory
    tradeoffs. In cases where mitigation is insufficient or not
    practicable between FS and NGSO FSS in those bands that are heavily
    used by one service, possible solutions include placing constraints
    on one or both services to allow spectrum access..

12\. Characteristics of radars currently operating in the bands
13.75-14.0 GHz have been examined. Radars operating in the 13.75-14.0
GHz band employ e.i.r.p. values of up to 79 dBW. Interference from these
radiolocation stations to NGSO FSS networks would appear to be probable
and sharing may not be feasible. Footnotes **S5.502**, **S5.503**, and
**S5.503A** were adopted at WRC-92 and WRC-95 to facilitate sharing
between radiolocation, radionavigation, space research, and
fixed-satellite services in this band. Footnote **S5.502** states that
the e.i.r.p. radiated by a station in the radiolocation or
radionavigation services toward the geostationary orbit may not exceed
59 dBW and that earth stations in the fixed-satellite service must have
an e.i.r.p. at least 68 dBW and a minimum antenna diameter of 4.5
meters, and the e.i.r.p. should not exceed 85 dBW. These restrictions
are necessary for the protection of FSS carriers from radar interference
and also minimize the possibility of unacceptable interference to the
space research, radiolocation and radionavigation services. This
delicate balance must be maintained in order to avoid unacceptable
constraints on or interference to the services involved; therefore the
U.S. opposes any change to footnotes **S5.502** and **S5.503**.

13\. Characteristics of radars currently operating in the band 17.3-17.7
GHz have been examined. Space tracking radars operating in the band
17.3-17.7 GHz employ e.i.r.p. values up to 116 dBW directed at a
satellite over extended periods of time. Sharing was found to be
feasible with GSO FSS systems (Earth-to-space) if the radiolocation
stations limit their emissions toward the geostationary orbit.
Radiolocation station emissions toward a NGSO satellite could be 66 dB
higher than toward the geostationary orbit. Sharing is not feasible
between radiolocation stations and NGSO FSS networks. The U.S. opposes
the introduction of NGSO FSS systems in this band in Region 2.

**NGSO/SPACE SCIENCE SERVICES SHARING**

14\. Earth stations operating in the 13.75-14.0 GHz band are technically
constrained by **S5.502** (minimum size of 4.5 meters; e.i.r.p. at least
68 dBW and should not exceed 85 dBW), **S5.503** (e.i.r.p. density in
the band 13.772-13.778 MHz), and **S5.503A** (FSS shall not cause
harmful interference to radiolocation stations installed on NGSO space
stations in the space research and Earth exploration-satellite services
until January 1, 2000). In addition, there are ITU-R Recommendations
(e.g., ITU-R S.1068 (Fixed-satellite service and
radiolocation/radionavigation services sharing in the band 13.75-14.0
GHz) and ITU-R SA.1071 (Use of the 13.75 to 14.0 GHz band by the space
science services and the fixed-satellite service)) that describe sharing
situations with the fixed-satellite service, including recommended
limitations on the FSS. These footnotes and recommendations will have to
continue to be applied to both GSO and NGSO systems operating in the
band.

REGULATORY MECHANISMS FOR APPLYING POWER LIMITS TO MULTIPLE NGSO FSS
SYSTEMS WHILE PROTECTING GSO FSS AND GSO BSS SYSTEMS

15\. The U.S. supports the following principles:

(i) the agreed upon aggregate interference levels needed to protect
    geostationary FSS and BSS systems from non-geostationary FSS systems
    under the Resolutions 130/538 approach should never be exceeded; and

(ii) a mechanism for processing publication, coordination, and
     notification materials from non-geostationary FSS systems should be
     provided, even when there are more potential systems than the
     number on which the EPFD limits were based:

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a.  Each non-geostationary FSS system must meet the EPFD limits as
    verified by the Radiocommunication Bureau. Any non-geostationary FSS
    system that is found not to meet the applicable limits would receive
    an unfavorable finding from the Radiocommunication Bureau.

b.  All co-frequency operational non-geostationary FSS systems together
    must not exceed the maximum aggregate interference levels needed to
    protect GSO FSS and BSS systems.

c.  RR **S9.53**, which states that "the requesting and responding
    administrations shall make every possible mutual effort to overcome
    the difficulties, in a manner acceptable to the parties concerned,"
    specifically applies to coordinations between non-geostationary FSS
    systems under RR **S9.12**.

d.  In coordinating non-geostationary FSS systems under RR **S9.12**,
    all affected administrations should be encouraged to use actual
    parameters/ measurements of systems to the greatest extent possible
    (e.g., to correct for approximation errors, such as using traffic
    statistics in lieu of PFD mask).

16\. There is a need to develop a regulatory regime (most likely a
WRC-2000 resolution) under which provision is made for the deployment of
a number of non-geostationary FSS systems in a given band
(N~physical~)[^1] that exceeds the number on which the single-entry
limits were based (N~effective~)[^2] while still ensuring that the
aggregate interference limits necessary to protect the geostationary FSS
and BSS are met. This resolution should require non-geostationary FSS
systems to coordinate among themselves, yet still ensure that the
aggregate EPFD mask into geostationary FSS and BSS systems is still met.

**OTHER CONSIDERATIONS**

17\. GSO systems operating in slightly inclined orbits constitute an
important subgroup of all operational satellites and need to be
protected from NGSO interference.

18\. Outside of those bands where provisional power limits were adopted
by WRC-97, no technical basis has been established for consideration by
WRC-2000 of the power limits approach to sharing between and or among
NGSO FSS systems and GSO FSS, GSO BSS, space sciences, and or
terrestrial services systems. Therefore, the U.S. opposes general
application or power limits outside those bands where provisional power
limits were adopted at WRC-97.

19\. Sharing with satellite systems in "quasi-geostationary satellite
orbit" needs to be considered within this agenda item.

**United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.13**

***WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.13:** on the basis of results of the studies
in accordance with Resolutions **130(WRC-97)**, **131(WRC-97)**, and
**538(WRC-97)**;*

> ***1.13.1:** to review and, if appropriate, revise the power limits
> appearing in Articles **S21** and **S22** in relation to the sharing
> conditions among non-GSO FSS, GSO FSS, GSO broadcasting-satellite
> service (BSS), space sciences and terrestrial services, to ensure the
> feasibility of these power limits and that these limits do not impose
> undue constraints on the development of these systems and services;*

### [ISSUE:]{.underline} Regulatory Mechanisms for Applying EPFD~Down~, EPFD~Up~, and EPFD~ISS~[^3] Limits to "N" NGSO Systems

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: The provisional power limits adopted in
Resolution **130** (and included in Article S22) are intended to protect
geostationary FSS systems from unacceptable interference caused by
co-frequency, co-coverage non-geostationary FSS systems. Similar
provisional power limits are put into place in Resolution **538** (and
included in Article **S22**) to protect geostationary BSS systems. Once
agreement is reached on the technical issue of adequate protection for
geostationary FSS and BSS networks in the affected bands, it is
necessary to develop regulatory text: (i) to establish and implement the
relevant EPFD masks: (ii) to provide EPFD~Down~, EPFD~Up~, and EPFD~ISS~
limits on a single-system basis to be met by non-geostationary systems
that seek to use the affected bands; and (iii) to address what would
happen if the aggregate interference caused to geostationary FSS and BSS
networks in a particular band exceeds the maximum permissible level of
aggregate interference that was contemplated when the applicable
EPFD~Down~, EPFD~Up~, and EPFD~ISS~ limits were developed.

In addressing the derivation of the number of non-geostationary systems
to be considered in sharing studies within ITU-R Joint Task Group 4-9-11
(JTG), the JTG agreed at its January 1999 meeting that :

-   An equivalent number "N~effective~" of systems should be considered
    for the purposes of studying the impact of aggregate interference
    from multiple non-GSO FSS systems, under the assumption that each
    system operates at the single entry EPFD limits.

-   There is an agreement to use a range of 3 to 5 for "N~effective~" to
    assess interference from multiple non-GSO FSS systems into GSO FSS
    and GSO BSS.

-   The actual number of systems "N~physical~" that can operate
    co-frequency could be larger than the equivalent number
    "N~effective~" of systems.

-   It is likely that different non-GSO systems operating co-frequency
    would use heterogeneous orbital parameters, i.e., that their
    constellation height and inclination would not be identical and that
    their communication parameters would be different, such that the
    interference profile that they produce would not be the same.

-   There is a need to define, through regulatory provisions, what
    constitutes a non-GSO system.

-   Further studies are required from WP 4A to obtain the proper value
    of equivalent systems "N~effective~" to be used in deriving the
    conversion between single entry and aggregate interference. Such
    studies should simultaneously consider the requirement for
    implementing mitigation techniques by non-GSO systems to protect the
    GSO (orbit avoidance) as well as mitigation techniques to protect
    each other, which has not been the case to date.

-   There is a need for the development of a regulatory regime (WRC-2000
    Resolution) that would allow for more than "N~effective~" systems to
    be deployed in a particular band (i..e, N~physical~ \>
    N~effective~), while still ensuring that the aggregate limits are
    met. This Resolution would take the form of a coordination procedure
    that would permit non-GSO systems to coordinate amongst themselves,
    while ensuring that the aggregate EPFD mask into GSO networks is
    still met.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}:

1.  The United States endorses the agreements reached by ITU-R Joint
    Task Group 4-9-11 with respect to the derivation of the number
    (N~effective~) of non-GSO systems to be considered in ITU-R sharing
    studies.

2.  The following principles represent the preliminary view of the
    United States on the regulatory approach to be developed pursuant to
    the final bullet of the foregoing agreements reached at the January
    1999 JTG meeting. The objective is to ensure (i) that the agreed
    upon aggregate interference levels needed to protect GSO FSS and BSS
    systems from non-geostationary FSS systems under the Resolutions
    **130/538** approach are never exceeded; and (ii) to provide a
    mechanism for processing publication, coordination, and notification
    materials from non-GSO FSS systems, even when there are more
    potential systems than the number on which the EPFD~Down~, EPFD~Up~,
    and EPFD~ISS~ limits were based:

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```
e.  Each non-GSO FSS system must meet the EPFD~Down~, EPFD~Up~, and
    EPFD~ISS~ limits as verified by the Radiocommunication Bureau. Any
    non-geostationary FSS system that is found not to meet the
    applicable limits would receive an unfavorable finding from the
    Radiocommunication Bureau.

f.  All co-frequency operational non-GSO FSS systems together must not
    exceed the maximum aggregate interference levels needed to protect
    GSO FSS and BSS systems.

g.  No. **S9.53**, which states that "the requesting and responding
    administrations shall make every possible mutual effort to overcome
    the difficulties, in a manner acceptable to the parties concerned,"
    specifically applies to coordination between non-geostationary FSS
    systems under No. **S9.12**.

h.  In coordinating non-GSO FSS systems under No. **S9.12**, all
    affected administrations should be encouraged to use actual
    parameters/measurements of systems to the greatest extent possible
    (e.g., to correct for approximation errors, such as using traffic
    statistics in lieu of PFD mask).

i.  There is a need to develop a regulatory regime (most likely a
    WRC-2000 resolution) under which provision is made for the
    deployment of a number of non-GSO FSS systems in a given band
    (N~physical~) that exceeds the number on which the single-entry
    limits were based (N~effective~) while still ensuring that the
    aggregate interference limits necessary to protect the GSO FSS and
    BSS are met. This resolution should require non-GSO FSS systems to
    coordinate among themselves, yet still ensure that the aggregate
    EPFD mask into GSO FSS and BSS systems is still met. **(20March99)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.15.1**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.15.1**: *to consider new allocations to the
radionavigation-satellite service in the range from 1 to 6 GHz required
to support developments;*

### [ISSUE:]{.underline} Identification of a new civil frequency for RNSS.

**BACKGROUND**: Additional Radionavigation-Satellite Service (RNSS)
signals will greatly enhance the accuracy, reliability and robustness of
civil Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), particularly the U.S.
Global Positioning System (GPS) by enabling more effective corrections
to be made for the time delay effects of the ionosphere on the signals
from space. GPS currently provides signals that are used for
radionavigation on two frequencies, one of which is available for civil
applications. Additional civil signals, that are widely separated in
frequency, will allow receivers to measure the time of arrival for two
signals that have passed through the ionosphere and correct for the
delay introduced by passage from space to earth. This will result in
improved accuracy in the navigation solution. Improved location accuracy
allows safety-critical users requiring dynamic, reliable capability to
use GNSS; improves the overall accuracy of the system for the average
user; and allows high-accuracy users (aeronautical, surveying, geodesy,
weather forecasters, and others) to determine their data in a faster,
more reliable manner. In addition, the protected civil signal will
provide increased signal robustness that will help protect
safety-critical users from the effects of radio frequency interference.
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has stated the
requirement for an additional civil signal on GPS to support GNSS
requirements and for space-based augmentation systems. Aeronautical
users require that the protected signal operate within radio spectrum
allocated to the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service (ARNS), which
would also include the possibility of terrestrial augmentation systems.

The United States has identified a second new GPS civil signal at 1227.6
MHz and a third GPS signal at 1176.45 MHz to support GNSS developments.
The third signal is proposed to be an international GNSS safety-of-life
service for civil aviation with a required bandwidth on the order of 24
MHz. The U.S. will be working in the ITU-R and ICAO on the requirements
and characteristics of this service. Technical studies tentatively show
compatibility between existing operational ARNS systems and the proposed
new GPS signal at 1176.45 MHz.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The United States plans to seek a
new RNSS frequency allocation on a worldwide basis within the 960 - 1215
MHz Aeronautical Radionavigation Service band. This allocation would be
used in conjunction with the ARNS/RNSS allocation at 1559 - 1610 MHz to
enable GNSS to meet the needs of aeronautical safety services as well as
other applications. **(20March99)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.15.2**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.15.2**: *to consider the addition of the
space-to-space direction to the radionavigation-satellite service
allocations in the bands 1 215 ‑ 1 260 MHz and 1 559 ‑ 1 610 MHz;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Recognition in the allocation table of space-based RNSS receivers in the bands 1559-1610 MHz and 1215-1260 MHz.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: GPS receivers operating with both L1 and L2
signals are used for accurately positioning commercial and scientific
spacecraft. However, the present allocation for RNSS does not afford
protection for these signals. The U.S. is performing analysis to show
that the GPS spaceborne receivers can operate in the current
electromagnetic environment. Results of these studies show that
interfering satellites would have to be located very close to the
spaceborne GPS receiver for there to be a problem. Spurious emissions
from MSS systems were also considered. However, the interference from an
in-band MSS downlink such has been proposed in the 1559-1567 MHz band
has not been analyzed.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: It is appropriate to seek
space-to-space as a directional indicator in the RNSS service in the
1559-1610 and 1215-1260 MHz bands. The U.S. will work in WP8D, SG7 and
the Space Frequency Coordination Group to study compatibility with
currently allocated services in these bands. The U.S. will also work in
WP8D to demonstrate that use of GPS receivers on-board spacecraft will
not impose additional constraints on services operating in adjacent
bands. **(22May98)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.16**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.16:** *to consider allocation of frequency
bands above 71 GHz to the earth exploration-satellite (passive) and
radio astronomy services, taking into account Resolution **723**
**(WRC-97)**;*

### [ISSUE:]{.underline} Passive Allocations above 71 GHz.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: The passive services, (e.g. for remote
sensing, radio astronomy, and meteorological observations) have
substantial interests in the above 71 GHz frequency range as well, up to
the 275 GHz limit of the allocation table and beyond. The active
services are interested in using this spectrum, e.g. for applications
involving high data rate transmission and because propagation
characteristics allow extensive frequency reuse. Few active systems,
particularly satellites have been implemented to date above 71 GHz.

NASA's Mission to Planet Earth is dedicated to understanding the total
Earth system and the effects of natural and human-induced changes in the
global environment. Passive remote sensing is key to the study of the
Earth system. Other U.S. government agencies also utilize passive
sensors to study and predict the weather and for other key scientific
purposes. Various missions already employ passive sensing instruments at
frequencies above 71 GHz and many more are planned.

During the next two decades the U.S intends to upgrade and continue
operating several millimeter wave telescopes that currently work above
71 GHz. Congress also provided funds for construction of the MilliMeter
Array (MMA), which is expected to become operational by approximately
2005. Several other millimeter wave telescopes may be built in this time
frame, and their access to the spectrum must be ensured.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: WRC-2000 offers an opportunity to
provide additional allocations to satisfy passive service needs, to
protect existing allocations for future use, and to re-organize the
allocations above 71 GHz as needed so that spectrum can be successfully
shared between passive and active services in that range.

The interests of other services allocated in this portion of the
spectrum must also be safeguarded and satisfied as well. The United
States is considering options for band reallocations that are similar to
what was done at 50.2-71 GHz at WRC-97. The band re-allocation will meet
the needs of all the radio services involved. **(22May98)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.17**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.17**: *to consider possible worldwide
allocation for the earth exploration-satellite (passive) and space
research (passive) services in the band 18.6 ‑ 18.8 GHz, taking into
account the results of the ITU-R studies;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Earth exploration-satellite (passive) service allocation in the band 18.6 - 18.8 GHz.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: Passive spaceborne sensors provide
environmental data on soil moisture, water salinity, ocean temperature,
rain, snow, ice, sea state, and oil spills. A set of frequency bands is
essential for these measurements because simultaneous measurements at
several frequencies are needed to isolate any single effect since the
energy emitted at any one frequency is determined by several overlapping
effects. The band between 18.6 and 18.8 GHz is one component in this
set, without which these environmental data could not be obtained. At
present, the allocation for the Earth exploration-satellite (passive)
service is on a primary basis in Region 2, but on a secondary basis in
Regions 1 and 3.

At WRC-97, a joint CITEL proposal was presented to upgrade the
allocations to the Earth exploration-satellite (passive) service to
primary. This proposal also included a pfd limit of -101 dBW/m2 in a
reference bandwidth of 200 MHz on the fixed-satellite service. A limit
of -3 dBW on the power in the band that is delivered to an antenna of a
fixed service station with a -10 dBi backlobe gain was also included in
the proposal. At the conference, agreement could not be reached on the
appropriate limits on the fixed and fixed-satellite services to enable
passive sensors to perform their mission while permitting acceptable
operation of fixed and fixed‑satellite service systems.

Studies are currently being conducted to determine if the limits given
in the proposal at WRC-97 can be modified to allow the fixed and
fixed-satellite services to use more power. These studies will be
completed and limits will be identified in the fall.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The allocation for the Earth
exploration-satellite (passive) service in Regions 1 and 3 must be
elevated to world-wide primary status if the long-term ability to obtain
environmental data with passive spaceborne sensors is to be preserved.
Compatibility between the passive sensors and the active radio services
requires adoption of constraints on the parameters of the fixed and
fixed-satellite service systems that use the band. Studies are currently
being conducted to further assess the sharing situation and determine
suitable limits. The U.S. supports an upgrade to EES (passive) in
Regions 1 and 3 to world-wide primary in the band 18.6 - 18.8 GHz with
appropriate world-wide constraints on all allocated services to ensure a
long term sharing situation that will allow satisfactory use of the band
by allocated services. **(22May98)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.18**

**WRC-99 Agenda Item 1.18**: *consider the use of new digital technology
for the maritime mobile service in the band 156 ‑ 174 MHz and
consequential revision of Appendix **S18**, taking into account
Resolution **342 (WRC-97)**;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Appendix **S18**

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: Appendix **S18** of the ITU Radio Regulations
defines the channels of the maritime mobile service. These channels
support a variety of functions including "Distress, Safety and Calling:
public correspondence, inter-ship, ship/shore/ship, port operations and
ship movement. The maritime mobile frequency band, 156-174 MHz,
(effectively 156-162 MHz in the U.S. due to previous domestic regulatory
actions), supports maritime communications worldwide.

With the rapidly increasing use of the VHF maritime mobile band,
particularly for data communications, increased congestion and mutual
interference is being experienced which, among others, has resulted in
unacceptable degradation of the distress and safety related function for
which this band is utilized. Unless action is taken this situation will
only worsen as usage continue to grow.

At WRC-97, the United States and CITEL proposed simplex use of duplex
channels for Appendix S18. This was approved for a few specific public
correspondence channels only, channels 18 and 82-86. Note M to Appendix
**S18** must be modified to add more channels for simplex use. This will
allow for more efficient use of Appendix **S18** channels and provide
flexibility for administrations to meet their immediate requirements,
while maintaining compatibility with the vast number of ships and
pleasure craft now using the band in accordance with Appendix **S18**.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: Modify Specific Note M to Appendix
**S18** to include additional channels for simplex use of duplex
channels. **(20March99)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.19**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.19**: *to consider the report of the
Inter-Conference Representative Group (IRG) submitted by the Director of
the Radiocommunication Bureau and determine the basis for replanning by
the next conference so as to afford each country an amount of spectrum
that permits the economic development of a broadcasting satellite
system;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: How should the IRG guide GTE studies to provide increased spectrum for countries in the WRC-97 BSS and associated feeder link Plans for Regions 1 and 3 in accordance with the principles set forth in Resolution **532(WRC-97)**.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: The IRG, whose report will provide the expert
advice to be considered by WRC-2000, in determining the basis for
revising the WRC-97 BSS Plan for Regions 1 and 3, was established by
Resolution **532 (WRC-97)**. This Resolution calls for studies on the
feasibility of increasing the capacity assigned to each country in the
Regions 1 and 3 BSS and feeder link plans and sets forth eight
principles to be observed in these studies.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The U.S. supports the objective of
increasing the capacity assigned to each Region 1 and 3 country
sufficiently to permit the economic development of BSS systems. The U.S.
believes that a capacity equivalent to 10 analogue channels per country,
as described in Principle 1 of Annex 1 to Resolution **532 (WRC-97)**,
is appropriate for such development.

In considering alternative approaches for achieving this replanning
objective, the U.S. considers it essential to take into account, not
only notified assignments as described in Principle 3 of Annex 1, but
also proposed modifications to the Plan that have been published and
which meet the due diligence requirements of Resolution **49(WRC-97)**.
The basis for this view is that many of these modifications will, in
fact, have been notified, brought into use, and the date of bringing
into use confirmed to the Bureau well before the Conference at which the
Regions 1 and 3 replanning will take place. Additionally, the U.S. is of
the view that the objectives of long term flexibility and of leaving
capacity for future requirements (principles 4 and 5 of Annex 1 to
Resolution **532**) can best be achieved through the adoption of an
all-digital approach, as contemplated in Principle 6 of Annex 1. We note
that the number of television program channels that can be broadcast
with an all-digital approach is at least five times the number of
assigned analogue channels.

Finally, any possible replanning must protect Region 2 services in
accordance with the current criteria of Appendices **S30** and **S30A**,
and must not introduce additional constraints upon, those services, in
accordance with Principles 7 and 8 of Annex 1 to Resolution **532
(WRC-97)**. **(20March99)**

**United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.19**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.19**: *to consider the report of the
Inter-Conference Representative Group (IRG) submitted by the Director of
the Radiocommunication Bureau and determine the basis for replanning by
the next conference so as to afford each country an amount of spectrum
that permits the economic development of a broadcasting satellite
system;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Should the orbital position limitations contained in Annex **7** to Appendix **S30** be observed during the IRG's replanning studies for the Regions 1 and 3 BSS and feeder link Plans?

[BACKGROUND:]{.underline} Resolution **532 (WRC-97)**, which established
the IRG, mandates guiding principles for the replanning studies of the
IRG. These guiding principles (see Annex 1 to Resolution **532**)
include the following:

7.  Ensure that the integrity of the Region 2 Plans and their associated
    provisions is preserved, by providing the same protection to the
    assignments contained in those plans as now received under the
    relevant provisions of the Radio Regulations, and by not requiring
    more protection from assignments in the Region 2 Plans than that
    currently provided under the Radio Regulations.

8.  Ensure compatibility between the broadcasting-satellite service in
    Regions 1 and 3 and services having allocations in the planned bands
    in all three Regions.

Resolution **532** also requests that the IRG review Annex 7 (see Annex
2 to Resolution **532**) to Appendix **S30**. Annex 7 to Appendix
**S30** contains, among other things, orbital position limitations and
e.i.r.p. restrictions on Region 1 BSS to facilitate sharing with Region
2 FSS. The intent of these limitations is also to preserve future access
by Region 2 FSS to the shared orbit/spectrum resource in the arc 37 W to
10 E.

Recently, the third meeting of the IRG provisionally decided to ignore
the orbital position and e.i.r.p. limitations on Region 1 BSS in the arc
from 37 W to 10 E during its replanning studies. The IRG did agree to
continue to observe the 37 W limitation on Region 1 BSS.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: During the IRG\'s replanning
studies, the orbital position limitations of Annex 7 shall be observed.
In particular, no BSS assignments serving Region 1 should be located to
the west of 37 W, and, within the Annex 7 restricted portion of the arc
(37 W to 10 E), all assignments must use positions at, or at most, one
degree to the east of existing positions in the WRC-97 Plan. However, in
the case of positions within one degree to the east of an existing
position, the Annex 7 requirement for an 8 dB reduction in e.i.r.p.
compared to that appearing in the WARC-77 Plan is replaced by a 3 dB
reduction. These constraints may be relaxed if, and only if, technical
studies are performed that demonstrate that, under the relaxed
constraints, compatibility with Region 2 services sharing the same
frequencies is achieved, and that Region 2 FSS access to the concerned
portion of the arc (37 W to 10 E) is not unduly constrained.

Similarly, at WRC-2000, Annex 7 should not be revised unless it is
demonstrated by technical studies that Region 2 FSS access to the
concerned portion of the arc (37 W to 10 E) is preserved, and that it
will be possible to ensure compatibility between the FSS and BSS in
Region 2, and the BSS in Region 1 in the frequency band 11.7 - 12.5 GHz.
In the event that Annex 7 is changed as a result of technical studies,
it will be necessary to revisit the relevant limits contained in Annexes
1 and 4 (for example, those for modifications to the Regions 1 and 3
Plans to protect Region 2 FSS) in order to ensure compatibility between
the Region 2 FSS and Region 1 BSS. **(20March99)**

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.19bis**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.19bis:** *in accordance with Article **S14**,
to consider objections expressed by administrations with respect to the
Radio Regulations Board Rules of Procedure relating to the application
of **S23.13** in order for the Bureau to modify its findings in
accordance with the conclusions of the conference;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Rules of Procedure associated with No**. S23.13**.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: The Radio Regulation No. **S23.13** states:

> \"In devising the characteristics of a space station in the
> broadcasting-satellite service, all technical means available shall be
> used to reduce, to the maximum, the radiation over the territory of
> other countries unless an agreement has been previously reached with
> such countries.\"

No. **S23.13** was adopted at WARC-71. It was intended as a statement of
good engineering practice to reduce BSS interference with the
terrestrial services outside of the intended service area. At WRC-95,
however, some countries sought to have the interpretation of No.
**S23.13** revised to require, as a condition for registration, the
approval of other countries within the service area of a BSS system
proposed as a plan modification. After thorough debate, WRC-95
instructed the RRB to revise its Rules of Procedures to reflect the
results of its debate. The decision reached by WRC-95 reflected a
difficult compromise on the parts of all parties involved. The RRB made
the revisions, but further concerns were raised at WRC-97. These
concerns led WRC-97 to adopt Resolution **536** which resolves that:

> \"in addition to observing No. **S23.13,** and before providing
> satellite broadcasting services to other administrations,
> administrations originating the services should obtain the agreement
> of those other administrations.\"

The ITU Council at its 1998 meeting added item 1.19bis to the agenda for
WRC-2000.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: Agenda item 1.19bis has the effect
of re-opening an issue that was resolved after much discussion first at
WRC-95, and then at WRC-97 by the adoption of Resolution **536**. There
is no need to repeat the work and discussion of WRC-95 and WRC-97.

Further, the United States is concerned that re-opening this issue could
compromise the principle of free flow of information contained in
Article **19** of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This
article provides that: \"Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion
and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without
interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas
through any media regardless of frontiers.\" The Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, including Article **19** just quoted, was passed by the
UN General Assembly on 10 December 1948. **(20March99)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.20**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.20**: *to consider the issues related to the
application of Nos. **S9.8**, **S9.9** and **S9.17** and the
corresponding parts of Appendix **S5** with respect to Appendices
**S30** and **S30A**, with a view to possible deletion of Articles 6 and
7 of Appendices **S30** and **S30A**, also taking into consideration
Recommendation **35 (WRC-95)**;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Procedural Issues associated with Appendices **S30** and **S30A**.

[BACKGROUND:]{.underline} Agenda item 1.20 requires the consideration of
possible merging of Articles **6** and **7** of Appendices **S30** and
**S30A** of the ITU Radio Regulations (the procedures for coordinating
and notifying unplanned services with respect to the Plans) with Article
**S9**. This agenda item may also involve general consideration of the
procedures in Appendices **S30** and **S30A**, or sharing criteria.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: Changes to the procedures, planned
or unplanned procedures, could seriously impact U.S. networks, for
example, through \"unintended consequences\" or intentional restriction
of flexibility. There are changes to sharing criteria that the U.S.
could support, for example Section 5 of Annex 1 to Appendix **S30**.
There are sharing situations that are not currently addressed, that
should be addressed, such as protection of the 17 GHz Region 2 BSS from
modifications to the Regions 1 and 3 Plan. The U.S. could support
changes to the procedures of Article **4** that would facilitate
modification of the Plans. The U.S. will continue to participate in
further work/regulatory/technical studies on these issues. **(20May98)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 1.21**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 1.21:** *consider the report from the
Radiocommunication Bureau on results of the analysis in accordance with
Resolution **53 (WRC-97)** and take appropriate actions;*

### [ISSUE:]{.underline} Report of the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau on Compatibility of the revised (by WRC-97) Regions 1 and 3 Broadcasting-Satellite Service (BSS) Bands and Feederlink Plans.

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: Resolution **533 (WRC-97)** instructs the
ITU\'s Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) to perform specific analyses
regarding the compatibility of the new BSS Plans with other services
sharing the same bands. Agenda item 1.21 instructs WRC-2000 to review
the report of the BR.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The U.S. will follow closely the
BR's analysis. The U.S. wants to ensure that all services/networks are
sufficiently protected from, and not unduly restricted by, the new
Region 1 and 3 Plans that were adopted at WRC-97. **(20May98)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 2**

**WRC-2000 Agenda Item 2:** *to examine the revised ITU-R
Recommendations incorporated by reference in the Radio Regulations in
accordance with Resolution **28 (WRC-95)**; and decide whether or not to
update the corresponding references in the Radio Regulations, in
accordance with principles contained in the Annex to Resolution **27
(Rev.WRC-97)**;*

### [ISSUE]{.underline}: Incorporation by Reference

[BACKGROUND]{.underline}: A number of provisions of the Radio
Regulations make reference to the ITU-R Recommendations. As the ITU-R
Recommendations are updated, it is necessary to review the Radio
Regulations to see if these references should be continued.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: The U.S. has examined every
reference to an ITU-R Recommendation within the Radio Regulations. In
each case, action is contemplated which will conclude the effort, under
way since the Voluntary Group of Experts, to use incorporation by
reference wherever the provision is mandatory and the specific
recommendation version is cited. **(12August98)**

## **United States Preliminary View for Agenda Item 6**

**WRC-2000 AGENDA ITEM 6:** *to identify those items requiring urgent
actions by the radiocommunication study groups in preparation for the
next World Radiocommunication Conference;*

### [ISSUE:]{.underline} Possible provision on the 2001 agenda for the allocation for feeder links in bands around 1.4 GHz to NVNG MSS with service links below 1 GHz.

> **WRC-01 AGENDA ITEM 3:** *to consider the results of the studies
> related to the following with a view to considering them for inclusion
> in the agendas of future Conferences;*
>
> **WRC-01 AGENDA ITEM 3.5:** *allocations on a worldwide basis for
> feeder links in bands around 1.4 GHz to the non-GSO MSS systems with
> service links operating below 1 GHz, taking into account the results
> of ITU-R studies conducted in response to Resolution **127
> (WRC-97);***

[BACKGROUND:]{.underline} The resolution to study the 1.4 GHz band for
NGSO MSS with service links below 1 GHz was adopted at WRC-97. However,
consideration of the results of studies related to that issue was placed
on the WRC-01 agenda. A study in the ITU-R WP8D, that has not yet been
considered by other appropriate working parties, indicates that the
frequency band 1429-1432 MHz could be suitable for use by non-GSO MSS
feeder downlinks and the frequency band 1390-1393 MHz could be suitable
for use for non-GSO MSS feeder uplinks (See 8D/TEMP/58 Rev.1). This
study was sent via liaison statement to Working Party 7C and 7D where it
will be reviewed at the fall set of ITU-R meetings.

[U.S. PRELIMINARY VIEW]{.underline}: Studies need to be completed and
regulatory approach established to ensure that the radio astronomy,
earth exploration-satellite (EES) and radiolocation services in the
adjacent bands are not compromised. If studies are sufficiently advanced
or completed prior to WRC‑2000, the U.S. may be in a position to request
modifications to agenda items 3 and 3.5 of the next WRC. These
modifications could be to ask for consideration of the allocations at
the next WRC. **(20March99)**

[^1]: Based on actual system parameters.

[^2]: Based on a generic set of technical parameters.

[^3]:  EPFD~ISS~ limits have been identified during the review of the
    Resolution **130/538** provisional limits now ongoing in the ITU-R
    as being necessary to address the interference case for
    bi-directional FSS allocations where non-geostationary FSS space
    stations would cause interference into receiving geostationary FSS
    and/or BSS space stations. The WRC-97 provisional limits covered
    this situation only for the frequency band 17.8-18.1 GHz, but
    omitted to do so for the frequency bands 10.7-11.7 GHz in Region 1,
    12.5-12.75 GHz in Region 1, 12.7-12.75 GHz in Region 2, and
    18.1-18.4 GHz.