**A *vrs1* mutant in CIho 4196 to facilitate breeding of 6-rowed
cultivars with Fusarium Head Blight resistance.**

Christine Boyd^1^, Richard Horsley^2^, and Andris Kleinhofs^1^

^1^ Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University,
Pullman, WA 99164-6420

^2^ Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo,
ND 58105-5051

Development of commercial 6-rowed Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) cultivars
has been difficult due to the close linkage of the 2-rowed (*Vrs1*)
trait to a major FHB resistance QTL on chromosome 2H bin10 (Horsley et
al. 2006; Mesfin et al. 2003). We have initiated a mutation program with
the FHB resistant 2-rowed line CIho4196 to convert it to a 6-rowed
(*vrs1*) phenotype and to correct other undesirable traits such as tall
stature and late ripening (Boyd et al. 2007).

We have now confirmed a *vrs1* mutant in CIho 4196 background. This
mutant should facilitate breeding for 6-rowed Fusarium Head Blight (FHB)
resistant cultivars since it is closely linked with the chromosome 2H
bin10 FHB resistance. The mutant designated G07-014 was isolated in a
gamma irradiated CIho 4196 M2 population (proposed gene and allele
designation *vrs1.u*). The mutant phenotype was confirmed in Pullman, WA
summer 2008 and genotype confirmed sequencing. Sequence analysis
revealed that the mutant *vrs1* gene has a 9 nucleotide (nt) deletion
compared with the wild-type CIho 4196 *Vrs1* gene (Fig. 1).

![](media/image1.wmf){width="5.7972222222222225in"
height="0.5006944444444444in"}

Fig.1 Comparison of the CIho 4196 *Vrs1* and gene sequence with the
mutant G07-014 gene sequence.

Since the 9 nt deletion does not result in a frameshift, we wondered why
the protein is inactivated. It turned out that the deletion is at the
beginning of the homeodomain of exon II, a critical region of the gene
(Fig. 2).

![](media/image2.wmf){width="5.620138888888889in"
height="1.9319444444444445in"}

Fig. 2. CIho 4196 *Vrs1* cDNA structure. The approximate location of the
9 nt deletion is boxed. The homeodomain region is underlined.

The mutant spike appears as a typical 6-rowed (Fig. 3) with fully
fertile side florets, except that the side florets are a bit thin (Fig.
4). This is probably due to the presence of the 2-rowed *Int-c* allele
in the mutant (Lundqvist and Lundqvist 1989).

![](media/image3.jpeg){width="5.9875in" height="3.7756944444444445in"}

Fig. 3. From left to right, CIho 4196, Mutant G07-014, and Morex spike.

![](media/image4.jpeg){width="5.9875in" height="3.765277777777778in"}

Fig. 4. From left to right CIho 4196, Mutant G07-014 and Morex spikelet.

The mutant was tested for FHB reaction in China winter \'07-\'08 by RH.
The results showed that the mutant is essentially identical to CIho 4196
in FHB rating and plant height, at least in China (Table 1).

Table 1. Fusarium head blight (FHB) score and plant height of CIho 4196
and G07-014 in the 2007-2008 FHB nursery at Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, China.

  ---------- -------------------------------------------- ----- ----------- ----- ----------- ----------- -- -----------
             FHB score                                                                                       

  Entry      7 May 2008                                         9 May 2008        Average     Standart       Plant
                                                                                              deviation      height

             \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--1-5                                                      cm
             score†\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--                                                       

  CIho 4196  2.0                                          2.0               2.0               0.00           140

  G07-014    1.0                                          2.0               1.5               0.71           141
  ---------- -------------------------------------------- ----- ----------- ----- ----------- ----------- -- -----------

†Score of 1 = no disease and 5 = severe disease.

Limited seed is available from AK.

**References:**

Boyd CN, Horsley R, Kleinhofs A (2007) Barley chromosome 2(2H) bin 10
Head Blight resistance QTL: mapping and development of isolines. In:
Canty SM, Clark, A., Ellis, D., van Sanford D. (ed) Proceedings of the
2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum 2007 Dec 2-4. Kansas City, MO,
East Lansing: Michigan State University pp 170-172

Horsley RD, Schmierer D, Maier C, Kudrna D, Urrea CA, Steffenson BJ,
Schwarz PB, Franckowiak JD, Green MJ, Zhang B, Kleinhofs A (2006)
Identification of QTL associated with Fusarium Head Blight resistance in
barley accession CIho 4196. Crop Science 46:145-156

Lundqvist U, Lundqvist A (1989) The co-operation between intermedium
genes and the six-row gene hex-v in a six-row variety of barley,.
Hereditas 110:227-233

Mesfin A, Smith KP, Dill-Macky R, Evans CK, Waugh R, Gustus CD,
Muehlbauer GJ (2003) Quantitative trait loci for Fusarium head Blight
resistance in barley detected in a two-rowed by six-rowed population.
Crop Sci 43:307-318