SPECIAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION 05501

[METAL FABRICATIONS]{.underline}

Page

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 Description of Work
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1.02 References
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1.03 Definitions
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1.04 Submittals
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1.05 Quality Assurance
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1.06 Delivery, Storage, and Handling
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1.07 Project Conditions
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1.08 Sequencing and Scheduling
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1.09 System Performances Requirements
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PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 Ferrous Metals
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2.02 Stainless Steel
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2.03 Aluminum
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2.04 Grout
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2.05 Fasteners
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2.06 Paint
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2.07 Concrete Fill
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2.08 Fabrication, General
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2.09 Steel Ladders
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2.10 Metal Bar Gratings
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2.11 Steel Pipe Guardrails and Handrails
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2.12 Cast Nosings
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2.13 Steel Framed Stairs
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2.14 Finishes
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2.15 Steel and Iron Finishes
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2.16 Aluminum Finish
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PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 Examination
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3.02 Preparation
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3.03 Installation, General
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3.04 Installation of Metal Bar Gratings
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3.05 Installation of Steel Pipe Guardrails and Handrails
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3.06 Installation of Cast Nosings
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3.07 Adjusting and Cleaning
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SPECIAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION 05501

[METAL FABRICATIONS]{.underline}

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 [DESCRIPTION OF WORK]{.underline}

A. [This section includes the following metal fabrications]{.underline}:

1\. Ladders.

2\. Metal bar gratings.

3\. Steel pipe guardrails and handrails

4\. Cast nosings

5\. Metal stairs.

B. [Related Sections]{.underline}: Refer to Division 5, Section
\"Structural Steel\" for structural steel framing components.

1.02 [REFERENCES]{.underline}

A. [Aluminum Association (AA)]{.underline}

B. [American National Standards Institute (ANSI )]{.underline}

A14.3 Safety Requirements for Fixed Ladders

C. [American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)]{.underline}

A27 Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application

A36 Specification for Structural Steel

A47 Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings

A48 Specification for Gray Iron Castings

A53 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated
Welded and Seamless

A123 Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and
Steel Products

A153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware

A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Bars and
Shapes

A276 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Bars and
Shapes

A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 PSI Tensile
Strength

A366 Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Cold-Rolled, Commercial
Quality

A446 Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) by the
Hot-Dip Process, Structural (Physical) Quality

A500 Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel
Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes

A510 Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse
Round Wire, Carbon Steel

A526 Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) by the
Hot-Dip Process, Commercial Quality

A569 Specification for Steel, Carbon (0.15 Maximum, Percent), Hot-Rolled
Sheet and Strip, Commercial Quality

A570 Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Carbon, Hot-Rolled,
Structural Quality

A780 Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip
Galvanized Coatings

A786 Specification for Rolled Steel Floor Plates

B221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods,
Wire, Shapes, and Tubes

B632 Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Rolled Tread Plate

C1107 Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout (Nonshrink)

E985 Specification for Permanent Metal Railing Systems and Rails for
Building.

D. [American Welding Society (AWS)]{.underline}:

D1.1 Structural Welding Code - Steel

D1.3 Structural Welding Code - Sheet Steel.

E. [Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)]{.underline}:

Title 29 Part 1910 Labor-Occupational Safety and Health Standards

F. [Corps of Engineers (CE)]{.underline}

CRD C621 Specification for Nonshrink Grout

G. [Federal Specifications (FS)]{.underline}:

FF-B-561 Bolts, Screw, Lag

FF-B-588 Bolt, Toggle, and Expansion Sleeve, Screw

FF-S-92 Screw, Machine, Slotted, Cross-Recessed or Hexagon Head

FF-S-111 Screw, Wood

FF-S-325 Shield, Expansion; Nail, Expansion; and Nail, Drive Screw
(Devices, Anchoring, Masonry)

FF-W-84 Washers, Lock (Spring)

FF-W-92 Washer, Flat (Plain).

TT-P-664 Primer Coating, Alkyd, Corrosion-Inhibiting, Lead and Chromate
Free, VOC-Compliant

TT-P-645 Primer, Paint, Zinc Chromate, Alkyd Type

H. [Military Standardization Documents (MIL)]{.underline}:

P-21035 Paint, High Zinc Dust Content, Galvanizing Repair

I. [National Association of Architectural Metal Manufacturers
(NAAMM)]{.underline}

AMP 500 Metal Finishes Manual

AMP 510 Metal Stair Manual

MBG 531 Metal Bar Grating Manual

MBG 532 Heavy Duty Metal Bar Grating Manual

Pipe Railing Manual.

J. [National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)]{.underline}

101 Life Safety Code

K. [Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC)]{.underline}

SSPC-PA1 Paint Application Specification No. 1

SSPC Paint 12 Paint Specification No. 12 Cold Applied Asphalt Mastic
(Extra Thick Film)

SSPC Paint 20 Paint Specification No. 20 Zinc-Rich Primers (Type I,
\"Inorganic,\" and Type II, \"Organic\")

SSPC-SP1 Surface Preparation Specification No. 1 \"Solvent Cleaning\"

SSPC-SP2 Surface Preparation Specification No. 2 \"Hand-Tool Cleaning\"

SSPC-SP3 Surface Preparation Specification No. 3 \"Power Tool Cleaning\"

SSPC-SP7 Surface Preparation Specification No. 7 \"Brush-Off Blast
Cleaning\"

L. [Uniform Building Code (UBC)]{.underline}

M. [Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS)]{.underline}

Fed. Std. 795

1.03 [DEFINITIONS]{.underline}

A. Refer to ASTM E985 for railing-related terms that apply to this
section.

B. Refer to the NAAMM publications listed in Article 1.02 \"References\"
for definition of terms that apply to this section.

1.04 [SUBMITTALS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Submit the following in accordance with
Conditions of Contract and Division 1, Section \"Descriptive
Submittals\".

B. [Product Data]{.underline}: Submit product data for products used in
metal fabrications, including paint products, grout and fasteners.

C. [Shop Drawings]{.underline}: Submit detailed shop and erection
drawings of each metal fabrication indicated. Include plans, elevations,
sections, and details of metal fabrications and their connections. Show
anchorage and accessory items.

D. Welder certificates signed by Contractor certifying that welders
comply with requirements specified in 1.05C.

E. Qualification data for firm specified in 1.05B to demonstrate their
capabilities and experience.

1.05 [QUALITY ASSURANCE]{.underline}

A. [Codes and Standards]{.underline}: Comply with provisions of the
following, except as otherwise indicated. Where conflicts occur, comply
with the more stringent requirements.

1\. ANSI 14.3.

2\. AWS D1.1 and D1.3.

3\. NFPA 101.

B. [Fabricator Qualifications]{.underline}: Firm experienced in
successfully producing metal fabrications similar to that shown on the
drawings, with sufficient production capacity to produce required units
without causing delay in the work.

C. Qualify welding processes and welding operators in accordance with
AWS D1.1 and D1.3. Certify that each welder has satisfactorily passed
AWS qualification tests for welding processes involved and, if
pertinent, has undergone recertification.

D. All materials used shall be free of lead, and asbestos fibers.

E. Use of damaged items is prohibited except by specific authorization
of Sandia Delegated Representative (SDR) in writing.

1.06 [DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING]{.underline}

A. Deliver materials to the job site in good condition and properly
protected against damage to finished surfaces.

B. [Storage on Site]{.underline}: Store materials in a location and in a
manner to avoid damage. Stacking shall be done in a way which will
prevent bending. Store metal components and materials in a clean, dry
location. Cover with waterproof paper, tarpaulin or polyethylene
sheeting in a manner that will permit circulation of air inside the
cover.

C. Keep handling on-site to a minimum. Exercise care to avoid damage to
finishes of material.

1.07 [PROJECT CONDITIONS]{.underline}

A. [Field Measurements]{.underline}: Check actual locations of walls and
other construction to which metal fabrications must fit, by accurate
field measurements before fabrication; show recorded measurements on
final shop drawings. Coordinate fabrication schedule with construction
progress to avoid delay of work.

B. Where field measurements cannot be made without delaying the work,
guarantee dimensions and proceed with fabrication of products without
field measurements. Coordinate construction to ensure that actual
opening dimensions correspond to guaranteed dimensions. Allow for
trimming and fitting.

1.08 [SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING]{.underline}

A. [Sequence and coordinate installation of wall handrails as
follows]{.underline}:

1\. Mount handrails only on completed walls. Do not support handrails
temporarily by any means not satisfying structural performance
requirements.

2\. Mount handrails only on gypsum board assemblies reinforced with
proper blocking and backing to receive anchors, and where the location
of concealed anchor plates has been clearly marked for benefit of
Installer.

1.09 [SYSTEM PERFORMANCES REQUIREMENTS]{.underline}

A. [Structural Performance]{.underline}: Design, engineer, fabricate,
and install the following metal fabrications to withstand the folowing
structural loads without exceeding the allowable design working stress
of the materials involved, including anchors and connections. Apply each
load to produce the maximum stress in each respective component of each
metal fabrication.

1\. Top Rail of Guardrail Systems: Capable of withstanding the following
loads applied as indicated:

a\. Concentrated load of 300 lbf. applied at any point non-concurrently,
vertically downward, or horizontally.

b\. Uniform load of 100 lbf. per linear ft. applied non-concurrently,
vertically downward or horizontally.

c\. Concentrated and unifrom loads above need not be assumed to act
concurrently.

2\. Handrails Not Serving as Top Rails: Capable of withstanding the
following loads applied as indicated:

a\. Concentrated load of 200 lbf. applied at any point non-concurrently,
vertically downward or horizontally.

b\. Uniform load of 50 lbf. per linear foot applied non-concurrently,
vertically downward or horizontally.

c\. Concentrated and uniform loads above need not be assumed to act
concurrently.

3\. Infill Area of Guardrail Systems: Capable of withstanding a
horizontal concentrated load of 200 lbf. applied to one sq. ft. at any
point in the system including panels, intermediate rails balusters, or
other elements composing the infill area.

a\. Above load need not be assumed to be acting concurrently with
uniform horizontal loads on top rails of railing systems in determining
stress on guard.

4\. Treads of Steel Stairs: Capable of withstanding a uniform load of
100 lbf. per sq. ft. or a concentrated load of 300 lbf. on a area of 4
sq. inches located in the center of the tread, whichever produces the
greater stress.

a\. Platforms of Steel Stairs: Capable of withstanding a uniform load of
100 lbf. per sq. ft.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 [FERROUS METALS]{.underline}

A. [Metal Surfaces, General]{.underline}: Form metal fabrications
exposed to view upon completion of the work, provide materials selected
for their surface flatness, smoothness, and freedom from surface
blemishes. Do not use materials whose exposed surfaces exhibit pitting,
seam marks, roller marks, rolled trade names, roughness, and, for steel
sheet, variations in flatness exceeding those permitted by referenced
standards for stretcher-leveled sheet.

B. [Steel Plates, Shapes, and Bars]{.underline}: ASTM A36.

C. [Rolled Steel Floor Plates]{.underline}: ASTM A786.

D. [Steel Bars for Gratings]{.underline}: ASTM A569 or ASTM A36.Å

E. [Wire Rod for Grating Cross Bars]{.underline}: ASTM A510.

F. [Steel Tubing]{.underline}: Cold-formed, ASTM A500, Grade B, unless
otherwise indicated.

G. [Uncoated Structural Steel Sheet]{.underline}: Hot-rolled, ASTM A570,
Grade 30 unless otherwise indicated.

H. [Uncoated Steel Sheet (Commercial quality)]{.underline}: Cold-rolled,
ASTM A366.

I. [Galvanized Steel Sheet]{.underline}: Quality as follows:

1\. Structural Quality: ASTM A446; Grade A, unless another grade
required for design loading, and G90 coating designation unless
otherwise indicated.

2\. Commercial Quality: ASTM A526, G90 coating designation unless
otherwise indicated.

J. [Steel Pipe]{.underline}: ASTM A53, Type S, Grade B, standard weight
(schedule 40), black finish, unless otherwise indicated.

K. [Gray Iron Castings]{.underline}: ASTM A48, Class 30.

L. [Malleable Iron Castings]{.underline}: ASTM A47, Grade 32510.

M. [Brackets, Flanges and Anchors]{.underline}: Cast or formed metal of
the same type material and finish as supported rails, unless otherwise
indicated.

N. [Concrete Inserts]{.underline}: Threaded or wedge type; galvanized
ferrous castings, either malleable iron, ASTM A47, or cast steel, ASTM
A27. Provide bolts, washers, and shims as required, hot-dip galvanized
per ASTM A153.

O. [Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes]{.underline}: Select in accordance
with AWS specifications for the metal alloy to be welded.

2.02 [STAINLESS STEEL]{.underline}

A. [Bar Stock]{.underline}: ASTM A276, Type 302 or 304.

B. [Plate]{.underline}: ASTM A167, Type 302 or 304.

2.03 [ALUMINUM]{.underline}

A. [Extruded Bars and Shapes]{.underline}: ASTM B221, alloy 6061-T6 or
6063-T6 for bearing bars of gratings and shapes and 6061-T6 for grating
cross bars.

B. [Aluminum-Alloy Rolled Tread Plate]{.underline}: ASTM B632, alloy
6061-T4 for treads and 6061-T6 for platforms.

2.04 [GROUT]{.underline}

A. [Nonshrink Nonmetallic Grout]{.underline}: Premixed,
factory-packaged, nonstaining, noncorrosive, nongaseous grout complying
with ASTM C1107 (formerly referenced as CE CRD C621). Provide grout
specifically recommended by manufacturer for interior and exterior
applications of type specified in this section.

B. Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be
incorporated in the work include, but are not limited to the following:

Euco N-S Grout - Euclid Chemical Co.

Kemset - Chem-Masters Corp.

Crystex - L & M Construction Chemicals, Inc.

Sonogrout - Sonneborn Building Products Div., Rexnord Chemical Products,
Inc.

Supreme Grout - Cormix, Inc.

Sure-Grip High Performance Grout - Dayton Superior

Vibropruf #11 - Lambert Corp.

2.05 [FASTENERS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Provide zinc-coated fasteners for exterior use
or where built into exterior walls. Select fasteners for the type,
grade, and class required. Suspect/counterfeit bolts will not be
accepted and will be replaced at Contractor\'s expense.

B. [Bolts and Nuts]{.underline}: Regular hexagon head type, ASTM A307,
Grade A.

C. [Lag Bolts]{.underline}: Square head type, FS FF-B-561.

D. [Machine Screws]{.underline}: FS FF-S-92.

E. [Wood Screws]{.underline}: Flat head carbon steel, FS FF-S-111.

F. [Plain Washers]{.underline}: Round, carbon steel, FS FF-W-92.

G. [Expansion Anchors]{.underline}: Expansion anchors complying with FS
FF-S-325.

H. [Toggle Bolts]{.underline}: Tumble-wing type, FS FF-B-588, type,
class, and style as required.

I. [Lock Washers]{.underline}: Helical spring type carbon steel, FS
FF-W-84.

J. [Special Fasteners]{.underline}: Split nuts, indicator washers and
others, as indicated.

2.06 [PAINT]{.underline}

A. [Shop Primer for Ferrous Metal]{.underline}: Red oxide, lead- and
cadmium-free, corrosion-inhibiting primer complying with performance
requirements of FS TT-P-664.

B. [Galvanizing Repair Paint]{.underline}: High zinc dust content paint
for regalvanizing welds in galvanized steel, with dry film containing
not less than 94% zinc dust by weight, and complying with MIL-P-21035 or
SSPC-Paint-20.

C. [Bituminous Paint]{.underline}: Cold-applied asphalt mastic complying
with SSPC-Paint-12 except containing no asbestos fibers.

D. [Zinc Chromate Primer]{.underline}: FS TT-P-645.

2.07 [CONCRETE FILL]{.underline}

A. [Concrete Materials and Properties]{.underline}: Comply with
requirements for Division 3, Section \"Cast-in-Place Concrete\" for
normal weight, ready-mix concrete with minimum 28-day compressive
strength of 3000 psi (21 MPa), unless higher strength indicated.

B. [Nonslip Aggregate Finish]{.underline}: Factory-graded, packaged
material containing fused aluminum oxide grits or crushed emery as
abrasive aggregate; rust-proof and nonglazing; unaffected by freezing,
moisture, or cleaning materials.

2.08 [FABRICATION, GENERAL]{.underline}

A. Form metal fabrications from materials of size, thickness, and shapes
indicated but not less than that needed to comply with performance
requirements indicated. Work to dimensions indicated or accepted on shop
drawings, using proven details of fabrication and support. Use type of
materials indicated or specified for various components of each metal
fabrication.

B. Form exposed work true to line and level with accurate angles and
surfaces and straight sharp edges.

C. Allow for thermal movement resulting from the following maximum
change (range) in ambient temperature in the design, fabrication, and
installation of installed metal assemblies to prevent buckling, opening
up of joints, and overstressing of welds and fasteners. Base design
calculations on actual surface temperatures of metals due to both solar
heat gain and nighttime sky heat loss. Temperature change (Range): 100
deg F (38 deg C).

D. Shear and punch metals cleanly and accurately. Remove burrs.

E. Ease exposed edges to a radius of approximately 1/32 inch ( 0.794
mm), unless otherwise indicated. Form bent-metal corners to smallest
radius possible without causing grain separation or otherwise impairing
work.

F. Remove sharp or rough areas on exposed traffic surfaces.

G. Weld corners and seams continuously to comply with AWS
recommendations and the following:

1\. Use materials and methods that minimize distortion and develop
strength and corrosion resistance of base metals.

2\. Obtain fusion without undercut or overlap.

3\. Remove welding flux immediately.

4\. At exposed connections, finish exposed welds and surfaces smooth and
blended so that no roughness shows after finishing and contour of welded
surface matched those adjacent.

H. Form exposed connections with hairline joints, flush and smooth,
using concealed fasteners wherever possible. Use exposed fasteners of
type indicated or, if not indicated, Phillips flat-head (countersunk)
screws or bolts. Locate joints where least conspicuous.

I. Provide for anchorage of type indicated; coordinate with supporting
structure. Fabricate and space anchoring devices to provide adequate
support for intended use.

J. [Shop Assembly]{.underline}: Preassemble items in shop to greatest
extent possible to minimize field splicing and assembly. Disassemble
units only as necessary for shipping and handling limitations. Use
connections that maintain structural value of joined pieces. Clearly
mark units for reassembly and coordinated installation.

K. Cut, reinforce, drill and tap miscellaneous metal work as indicated
to receive finish hardware, screws, and similar items.

L. Fabricate joints that will be exposed to weather in a manner to
exclude water, or provide weep holes where water may accumulate.

2.09 [STEEL LADDERS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Fabricate ladders for the locations shown,
with dimensions, spacings, details and anchorages as indicated. Comply
with requirements of ANSI A14.3 and CFR 29 1910.27; where conflicts
occur, comply with the more stringent requirements.

B. [Side Rails]{.underline}: Continuous steel flat bars, minimum size
(cross section) 2-1/2\" x 3/8\" (63.5 mm x 9.5 mm), with eased edges,
spaced 18 inches (0.46 m) apart. For ladders subject to unusually
corrosive atmospheric exposures, steel flat bars 2-1/2\" x 1/2\" (63.5
mm x 12.7 mm).

C. [Bar Rungs]{.underline}: Round steel bars, minimum 3/4 inch (19.1 mm)
diameter, spaced no greater than 12 inches (305 mm) o.c. and uniform
throughout the length of the ladder. Individual metal rungs embedded in
concrete which serve as access to pits and other areas under floors,
should have a minimum diameter of 1 inch (25 mm) or shall otherwise be
treated to resist corrosion and rusting.

D. Fit rungs in centerline of side rails, plug weld and grind smooth on
outer rail faces.

E. Support each ladder at top and bottom and at intermediate points
spaced not more than 5\'-0\" (1.5 m) o.c. by means of welded brackets,
unless otherwise indicated.

1\. Size brackets to support design dead and live loads indicated and to
hold centerline of ladder rungs clear of the wall surface by not less
than 7 inches (178 mm).

2 Extend side rails 42 inches (1.1 m) above top rung, and return rails
to wall or structure unless other secure handholds are provided. If the
adjacent structure does not extend above the top rung, goose-neck the
extended rails back to the structure to provide secure ladder access.

2.10 [METAL BAR GRATINGS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Produce metal bar gratings of description
indicated per NAAMM marking system that comply with the following:

1\. Metal Bar Grating Standard: \"Standard Specifications for Metal Bar
Grating and Metal Bar Grating Treads\" published in ANSI/NAAMM MBG 531.

2\. Heavy Duty Metal Bar Grating Standard: \"Guide Specifications for
Heavy Duty Metal Bar Grating\" published in ANSI/NAAMM MBG 532.

B. If gratings are located in walking surfaces, gratings shall have
spaces no greater than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) wide in one direction. If
gratings have elongated openings, then they shall be placed so that the
long dimension is perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel.

C. Fabricate steel gratings to comply with requirements as indicated on
the drawings.

D. [Traffic Surface for Steel Bar Gratings]{.underline}: Plain, unless
otherwise indicated.

E. [Steel Finish]{.underline}: Shop prime paint applied in accordance
with manufacturer\'s standard practice.

F. Fabricate removable grating sections with banding bars attached by
welding to entire perimeter of each section. Include anchors and
fasteners of type indicated, or if not indicated, as recommended by
manufacturer, for attachment to supports.

1\. Heavy Duty Grating: Provide not less than 4 anchor blocks, 1/4 inch
(6.4 mm) minimum thickness, for each section of grating composed of
bearing bars over 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) in thickness, with each block
shop-welded to 2 bearing bars.

2\. Nonheavy Duty Grating: Provide not less than 4 saddle clips for each
grating section composed of rectangular bearing bars 3/16 inch (4.8 mm)
or less in thickness and spaced not less than 15/16 inch (23.8 mm) o.c.,
with each clip designed and fabricated to fit over 2 bearing bars.
Furnish threaded bolts with nuts and washers for each clip required,
unless otherwise indicated.

G. Fabricate cutouts in grating sections for penetrations indicated.
Arrange layout of cutouts to permit grating removal without disturbing
items penetrating gratings.

1\. Edge band openings in grating that interrupt 4 or more bearing bars
with bars of same size and material as bearing bars.

2\. Do not notch bearing bars at supports to maintain elevation.

H. [Available Manufacturers]{.underline}: Subject to compliance with
requirements, manufacturers offering metal bar gratings that may be
incorporated in the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

Alabama Metal Industries Corp.

Barnet/Bates Corp.

IKG Industries

Klemp Corp.

Ohio Gratings, Inc.

Seidelhuber Metal Products, Inc.

2.11 [STEEL PIPE GUARDRAILS AND HANDRAILS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Fabricate pipe guardrails and handrails to
comply with requirements indicated for dimensions, details, finish, and
member sizes, including wall thickness of pipe, post spacings, and
anchorage.

B. Interconnect guardrails and handrail members by butt-welding or
welding with internal connectors, at fabricator\'s option, unless
otherwise indicated. At tee and cross intersections, cope ends of
intersecting members to fit contour of pipe to which end is joined, weld
all around and grind smooth.

C. [Form changes in directions of railing members as
follows]{.underline}:

1\. By use of welded prefabricated steel elbow fittings.

2\. By bending, of radius indicated.

3\. By mitering at elbow bends.

D. Form simple and compound curves by bending pipe in jigs to produce
uniform curvature for each repetitive configuration required; maintain
cylindrical cross-section of pipe throughout entire bend without
buckling, twisting, cracking, or otherwise deforming exposed surfaces of
pipe.

E. Provide wall returns at ends of wall-mounted handrails, unless
otherwise indicated.

F. Close exposed ends of pipe by welding 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) thick steel
plate in place or by use of prefabricated fittings, except where
clearance of end of pipe and adjoining wall surface is 1/4 inch (6.4 mm)
or less.

G. [Toe Boards]{.underline}: Where indicated, provide toe boards at
railings around openings and at the edge of open-sided floors and
platforms. Fabricate to dimensions and details indicated, or if not
indicated, use 4 inches high x 1/4 inch (102 mm x 6.4 mm) steel bar
welded to each railing post.

H. [Brackets, Flanges, Fittings, and Anchors]{.underline}: Provide wall
brackets, end closures, flanges, miscellaneous fittings, and anchors for
interconnections of pipe and attachment of guardrails and handrails to
other work. Furnish inserts and other anchorage devices for connecting
guardrails and handrails to concrete or masonry work.

1\. For railing posts set in concrete, fabricate sleeves from steel pipe
not less than 6 inches (152 mm) long and with an inside diameter not
less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) greater than the outside diameter of post,
with steel plate closure welded to bottom of sleeve.

2\. For removable railing posts, fabricate slip-fit sockets from steel
pipe whose inside diameter is sized for a close fit with posts and to
limit deflection of post without lateral load, measured at top, to not
more than 1/12 of post height. Provide socket covers designed and
fabricated to resist accidental dislodgement.

I. [Fillers]{.underline}: Provide steel sheet or plate fillers of
thickness and size indicated or required to support structural loads of
handrails where needed to transfer wall bracket loads through wall
finishes to structural supports. Size fillers to suit wall finish
thicknesses. Size fills to produce adequate bearing to prevent bracket
rotation and overstressing of substrate.

2.12 [CAST NOSINGS]{.underline}

A. Fabricate units of cast aluminum; 4 inches wide by 5/16 inches thick.
Provide units with integral abrasive finish. Furnish in lengths as
required to accurately fit each opening or conditions. Cast units with
an integral abrasive grit consisting of aluminum oxide, silicone
carbide, or a combination of both. Provide a fluted or cross-hatched
surface.

B. [Available Manufacturers]{.underline}: Subject to compliance with
requirements, manufacturers offering products that may be incorporated
in the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

AMSTEP Products, division of American Safety Technologies, Inc.

American Safety Tread Co., Inc.

IKG Industries

Safe-T-Metal Co., Inc.

Wooster Products Inc.

C. Provide anchors for embedding units in concrete, either integral or
applied to units, as standard with the manufacturer.

D. Apply black asphaltic coating to concealed bottoms, sides, and edges
of cast-iron units set into concrete.

2.13 [STEEL FRAMED STAIRS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Construct stairs to conform to sizes and
arrangements indicated with welded connections, unless otherwise
indicated. Provide complete stair assemblies, including metal framing,
hangers, columns, railings, newels, balusters, struts, clips, brackets,
bearing plates, and other components necessary for the support of stairs
and platforms, and as required to anchor and contain the stairs on the
supporting structure. Fabricate treads and platforms of exterior stairs
to accommodate slopes to drain in finished traffic surfaces.

B. [Stair Framing]{.underline}: Fabricate stringers of structural steel
channels, or plates, or a combination thereof, as indicated. Provide
closures for exposed ends of stringers. Construct platforms of
structural steel channel headers and miscellaneous framing members as
indicated. Bolt or weld headers to stringers, newels, and framing
members to stringers and headers; fabricate and join so that bolts, if
used, do not appear on finish surfaces.

C. [Metal Pan Risers, Subtreads, and Subplatforms]{.underline}: Shape
metal pans for risers and subtreads to conform to configuration shown.
Provide thickness of structural steel sheet for metal pans as indicated.

1\. Form metal pans of uncoated cold-rolled steel sheet, unless
otherwise indicated.

2\. Form metal pans of galvanized steel sheet, where indicated on the
drawings.

3\. Attach Risers and Subtreads to Stringers by the following methods:

a\. Directly weld risers and subtreads to stringers; locate welds on
side of metal pans to be concealed by concrete fill.

b\. Attach by means of brackets made of steel angles or bars. Weld
brackets to stringers and attach metal pans to brackets by welding or
bolting.

4\. Provide subplatforms of configuration and construction shown, with
thickness of structural steel sheet as indicated. Attach subplatform to
platform framing members with welds or as otherwise indicated. Construct
subplatforms with smooth soffits.

D. [Stair Guardrails and Handrails]{.underline}: Comply with applicable
requirements specified elsewhere in this section for steel pipe
guardrails and handrails, and as follows:

1\. Railings may be bent at corners, rail returns, and wall returns,
instead of using prefabricated fittings.

2\. Connect railing posts to stair framing by direct welding, unless
otherwise indicated.

2.14 [FINISHES]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Comply with NAAMM AMP 500 \"Metal Finishes
Manual\" for recommendations relative to application and designations of
finishes.

B. Finish metal fabrications after assembly.

2.15 [STEEL AND IRON FINISHES]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Shop-paint uncoated surfaces of metal
fabrications, except those to be embedded in concrete or masonry or to
receive sprayed-on fireproofing, surfaces and edges to be welded, and
galvanized surfaces, unless otherwise indicated. Comply with
requirements of SSPC-PA 1 for shop painting.

B. [Galvanizing]{.underline}: For those items indicated for galvanizing,
apply zinc-coating by the hot-dip process in compliance with the
following requirements:

1\. ASTM A123 for galvanizing both fabricated and unfabricated iron and
steel products made of uncoated rolled, pressed, and forced shapes,
plates, bars, and strip 0.0299 inch (0.7595 mm) thick and heavier.

2\. ASTM A153 for galvanizing iron and steel hardware.

C. [Surface Preparation for Shop Priming]{.underline}: Prepare uncoated
ferrous metal surfaces to comply with minimum requirements indicated
below.

1\. Remove oil, grease and similar contaminants in accordance with SP-1,
\"Solvent Cleaning\".

2\. Remove loose rust, scale, spatter, slag and other deleterious
materials in accordance with SSPC, utilizing the following methods as
required:

SP-2\"Hand-Tool Cleaning\"

SP-3\"Power-Tool Cleaning\"

SP-7\"Brush-Off Blast Cleaning\"

D. [Painting]{.underline}: Immediately after surface preparation, apply
structural steel primer paint in accordance with manufacturer\'s
instructions and at a rate to provide dry film thickness of not less
than 3.0 mils (0.076 mm). Use painting methods that result in full
coverage of joints, corners, edges, and exposed surfaces. Apply 2 coats
of paint to surfaces that are inaccessible after assembly or erection.

2.16 [ALUMINUM FINISH]{.underline}

A. Mill (as fabricated) finish, unless otherwise indicated.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 [EXAMINATION]{.underline}

A. Installer shall examine the areas and conditions under which metal
fabrication items are to be installed. Notify the SDR in writing of
conditions detrimental to the proper and timely completion of the work.
Do not proceed with the work until unsatisfactory conditions have been
corrected in a manner acceptable to the Installer and SDR.

3.02 [PREPARATION]{.underline}

A. Coordinate and furnish anchorages, setting drawings, diagrams,
templates, instructions, and directions for installation of anchorages,
including concrete inserts, sleeves, anchor bolts, and miscellaneous
items having integral anchors that are to be embedded in concrete or
masonry construction. Coordinate delivery of such items to project site.

B. Center nosings on tread widths with noses flush with riser faces and
tread surfaces.

C. Set sleeves in concrete with tops flush with finish surface
elevations; protect sleeves from water and concrete entry.

3.03 [INSTALLATION, GENERAL]{.underline}

A. [Fastening to In-Place Construction]{.underline}: Provide anchorage
devices and fasteners where necessary for securing miscellaneous metal
fabrications to in-place construction; include threaded fasteners for
concrete and masonry inserts, toggle bolts, through-bolts, lag bolts,
wood screws and other connectors as required.

B. [Cutting, Fitting and Placement]{.underline}: Perform cutting,
drilling, and fitting required for installation of miscellaneous metal
fabrications. Set metal fabrication accurately in location, alignment,
and elevation; with edges and surfaces level, plumb, true, and free of
rack; and measured from established lines and levels.

C. Provide temporary bracing or anchors in formwork for items that are
to be built into concrete masonry or similar construction.

D. Fit exposed connections accurately together to form hairline joints.
Weld connections that are not to be left as exposed joints, but cannot
be shop-welded because of shipping size limitations. Do not weld, cut,
or abrade the surfaces of exterior units which have been hot-dip
galvanized after fabrication, and are intended for bolted or screwed
field connections.

E. [Field Welding]{.underline}: Comply with AWS Code for procedures of
manual shielded metal-arch welding, appearance and quality of welds
made, methods used in correcting welding work, and the following:

1\. Use materials and methods that minimize distortion and develop
strength and corrosion resistance of base metals.

2\. Obtain fusion without undercut or overlap.

3\. Remove welding flux immediately.

4\. At exposed connections, finish exposed welds and surfaces smooth and
blended so that no roughness shows after finishing and contour of welded
surfaces matches those adjacent.

F. [Grout]{.underline}: Follow manufacturer\'s recommendations for
substrate preparation and application.

G. [Corrosion Protectio]{.underline}n: Coat concealed surfaces of
aluminum that will come into contact with grout, concrete, masonry,
wood, or dissimilar metals with a heavy coat of bituminous paint or zinc
chromate primer.

3.04 [INSTALLATION OF METAL BAR GRATINGS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Install gratings to comply with requirements
of NAAMM grating standard that apply to grating types and bar sizes
indicated, including installation clearances and standard anchoring
details.

B. Secure removable units to supporting members with type and size of
clips and fasteners indicated, or if not indicated, as recommended by
grating manufacturer for type of installation conditions shown.

3.05 [INSTALLATION OF STEEL PIPE GUARDRAILS AND HANDRAILS]{.underline}

A. Adjust railings prior to anchoring to ensure matching alignment at
abutting joints. Space posts at spacing indicated, or if not indicated,
as required by design loadings. Plumb posts in each direction. Secure
posts and railing ends to building construction as follows:

1\. Anchor posts in concrete by means of pipe sleeves preset and
anchored into concrete. After posts have been inserted into sleeves,
fill annular space between post and sleeve solid with nonshrink,
nonmetallic grout, mixed and placed to comply with anchoring material
manufacturer\'s directions.

2\. Anchor posts and rail ends to steel with welded connections, unless
otherwise indicated.

3\. Anchor posts and rail ends into concrete and masonry with steel
round flanges welded to post and rail ends, and anchored into wall
construction with expansion shields and bolts.

4\. Install removable railing sections where indicated in slip-fit metal
sockets cast into concrete. Accurately locate sockets to match post
spacing.

B. Secure handrails to wall with wall brackets and end fittings. Provide
bracket with not less than 1-1/2 inch (38.1 mm) clearance from inside
face of handrail and finished wall surface. Locate brackets at spacing
not less than 5\'-0\" (1.5 m) o.c., unless otherwise indicated. Secure
wall brackets and wall return fittings to building construction as
follows:

1\. Use type of bracket with flange tapped for concealed anchorage to
threaded hanger bolt.

2\. For concrete and solid masonry anchorage, use drilled-in expansion
shield and either concealed hanger bolt or exposed lag bolt, as
applicable.

3\. For hollow masonry anchorage, fasten brackets directly on masonry
wall using toggle bolts.

4\. For steel framed gypsum board assemblies, fasten brackets to wood
blocking using lag bolts or to metal blocking using self-tapping screws,
of size and type required to support structural loads.

C. [Expansion Joints]{.underline}: Provide expansion joints at locations
indicated, or if not indicated, at intervals not to exceed 40 feet (12.2
m). Provide slip joint with internal sleeve extending 2 inches (51 mm)
beyond joint on either side; fasten internal sleeve securely to one
side; locate joint within 6 inches (152 mm) of posts.

3.06 [INSTALLATION OF CAST NOSINGS]{.underline}

A. Install cast nosings and treads with anchorage system indicated to
comply with manufacturer\'s recommendations.

3.07 [ADJUSTING AND CLEANING]{.underline}

A. [Touch-Up Painting of Steel Items]{.underline}: Immediately after
erection, clean field welds, bolted connections, abraded areas of shop
paint, and paint exposed areas with same material as used for shop
painting to comply with SSPC-PA 1 requirements for touch-up of field
painted surfaces. Apply by brush or spray to provide a minimum dry film
thickness of 3.0 mils (0.076 mm).

B. For galvanized surfaces clean welds, bolted connections and abraded
areas and apply galvanizing repair paint to comply with ASTM A780.

END OF SECTION