# Clay Mineral Identification Flow Diagram

## 

##  X-Rays of Oriented Aggregates

## 

##  **Treated with Electron Micrograph X-rays of randomly**

## **Air Dried ethylene glycol Heated to 400^o^ C Heated to 550^o^ C if required oriented powders RESULT**

\~29Å Expands to 31-32Å with May disappear or give 24Å spacing. Increase
in intensity of 24Å spacing Regularly interstratified

rational sequence of chlorite-montmorillonite or

higher orders cholorite-vermiculite (corrensite)

Expands but gives irrational sequence. May give irrational sequence. May
give irrational sequences. May show Randomly interstratified

Peaks may be broad. increase in intensity of 12-14Å peak
chlorite-montmorillonite

\~14Å No change No change Increase in intensity 060 near 1.54Å Chlorite

060 near 1.50Å Dioctahedral chlorite

No change or slight increase Collapses to \~10Å No change or slight
additional collapse 060 near 1.54Å Vermiculite

Slight collapse \~12Å Additional collapse \~11Å 060 near 1.50Å
Dioctahedral vermiculite

Expands to 17Å Collapses to \~10Å No change or slight additional
collapse 060 near 1.50Å Montmorillonite

Collapses to \~10Å with No change or slight additional collapse 060 near
1.52Å Nontronite

very weak 5Å peak 060 near 1.54Å Trioctahedral montmorillonite

or vermiculite

\>10 - 14Å No change - rational sequence Collapses to \~10Å Collapses to
10Å 060 near 1.54Å Regularly interstratified

of higher orders illite-vermiculite

No change No change or slight increase in intensity 060 near 1.54Å
Regularly interstratified

illite-chlorite

No change - irrational sequence Collapses to \~10Å Collapses to 10Å 060
near 1.54Å Randomly interstratified

illite-vermiculite

No change No change or slight increase in intensity 060 near 1.54Å
Randomly interstratified

illite-chlorite

Expands to higher spacing Collapses to \~10Å Collapses to 10Å 060 near
1.50Å Interstratified

illite-montmorillonite

060 near 1.54Å Interstratified trioctahedral

illite-montmorillonite

No change Slight collapse Further collapse 060 near 1.50Å
Interstratified dioctahedral

illite-vermiculite

12 - 12.5Å No change Destroyed or reduced in intensity Destroyed Fibrous
morphology Check hkl\'s against standard Sepiolite

10.5Å No change Destroyed - - may survive slightly Destroyed Fibrous
morphology Check hkl\'s against standard Palygorskite

lower temperature

\~10Å Symmetrical - no change No change No change 060 near 1.50Å; Illite
(and/or mica),

check hkl\'s against muscovitic,

standards for polymorphs various polymorphs

060 between 1.51Å - 1.52Å Glauconite or celadonite

5Å peak very weak (Roscoelite if V bearing)

060 near 1.54Å Bictite, various polymorphs

Unsymmetrical or slight shift either way No change or slight sharpening
060 variable Interstratified illite-montmorillonite

or illite-vermiculite

Expands to \~11Å Collapses to \~7Å Destroyed Tubular morphology 060 near
1.49Å Endellite

Increases in spacing or no change Collapses to 7Å Destroyed Tubular
morphology 060 near 1.49Å; Halloysite

hk bands present

No change No change No change Fibrous morphology Check hkl\'s against
standard Chrysotile

Platy morphology Check hkl\'s against standard Antigorite

Destroyed Platy morphology 060 near 1.49Å; Disordered kaolinite

hk bands present; (fireclay)

moderately broad 001\'s

060 near 1.54Å Chlorite

(Check increase in intensity

of 14Å spacing)

060 near 1.50Å Dioctahedral chlorite

(Check increase in intensity

of 14Å spacing)

Hexagonal morphology hkl\'s resolved Kaolinite

Dickite

Nacrite

(Check against standard patterns)