PROJECT REPORT

Department of Fisheries and Oceans.\
Science Branch, Pacific Region

To: Regional Science Director Final:

1\. Project No.: 9901 2. Dates: Feb 8 to 26, 1999

3\. Project Name: Line P

4\. Area(s) of Operation: NE Pacific to Station Papa

5\. Platform: John P Tully 6. Ship\'s Master: John Anderson

7\. Days Allocated: 21 8. Days of Operation: 19

9\. Days lost to weather: 2 d at least

10\. Days lost to other causes: 2 d, SAR to north end of Vancouver Is

11\. Suitability of platform: excellent

12\. Comments and recommendations: (safety, vessel operation, overtime,
etc.)

Equipment damage and loss, also fatigue of scientists and ship's crew is
high in winter. Thought must be given to automating measurements,
through use of autonomous vehicles and moorings, to reduce time at sea.

**The new seawater pump that supplies water to the lab, is inadequate**.
It appears that originally a 25 gpm pump was priced but a 7 gpm pump
ordered. Science paid for this equipment and purchased on the advice of
the Tully's chief engineer (Mark ?). Not only did the installation of
this pump take a long time (we lost data for most of a year waiting for
delivery then installation of this pump), but now we find we cannot
operate our seawater sensors and still have the water supply needed to
rinse plankton nets or cool lab incubators.

13\. Primary Institute: OSAP Division at IOS, DFO

14\. Associate Institute(s): UBC, CRIEPI (Japan)

15\. Chief Scientist / Affiliation: Frank Whitney, DFO

16\. Science Staff / Affiliation:

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| David Crawford, IOS               | Michael Lipsen, UBC               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Keith Johnson, IOS                | Hugh Maclean, UBC                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Tim Soutar, IOS                   | ####                              |
|                                   | Cathleen Vestfals, UBC contractor |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Wendy Richardson, IOS             |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Doug Anderson, IOS                | Jun Nishioka, CRIEPI, Japan       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Marie Robert, IOS contractor      | Michael Bentley, CWS contractor   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Nes Sutherland, IOS contractor    |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

17\. Cruise / Project Objectives: (attach narrative if required).

  ------------------ ----------------------------------------------------
  Objective          Comments

  Line P CTD survey  22 of 27 stations completed. Weather and conflicting
                     priorities meant we skipped P19, 18, 17, 14 and 13.

  Eddy survey        9 CTDs to 1500 m through eddy, 3 including water
                     sampling

  5 biological       Completed 5 stations for primary productivity, DMS,
  stations           phyto species and zoo tows, missed P12.

  5 iron stations    Completed 5 stations, missed P12

  Mooring recovery   Recovered one set of samples being incubated at 3600
                     m

  Mooring search     Spent several hours attempting to locate the UBC
                     mooring using the ship's sounder, with no success.
                     Weather was not favourable for trying to drag for
                     the subsurface floats on the mooring.

  Section off N Van  4 CTD stations completed, one with water sampling
  Is.                

  Hydrographic       Water properties from 8 stations in total to a
  stations           minimum depth of 1500 m.

  APEX float         Initialized and deployed near P16, programmed to
                     cycle between surface and 800 m

  CFC profile        One cast at St P was completed as planned.

  Seabird survey     Daylight and weather limits winter counts. Still,
                     enough hours were counted to provide estimates of
                     abundances along Line P.
  ------------------ ----------------------------------------------------

18\. Cruise / Project Results: (attach narrative if required).

Despite being pounded by an intense storm one day away from the coast,
then having to respond to a distress call from Hanjin Empress near
Triangle Island, we were very successful in our work. We found a lull
between storms that allowed us to complete 1 ½ days sampling at St Papa,
then were fortunate to mostly complete an eddy survey in marginal
conditions (winds 30 to 40 kts). Our Line P section suffered from
changes made to our cruise plan, but we have enough data to show that
**the mixed layer has distinctly deepened** this La Nina winter, from 90
m to 115 m at St P. Surface nutrient levels are higher than in the past
several years because of the deeper mixing, and a great pool of
subsurface warm water that entered the NE Pacific in the early 1990s has
been somewhat eroded.

Biological and iron sampling will provide an assessment of plankton
standing stocks, iron concentrations and growth rates of phytoplankton
and bacteria when samples are analyzed. Primary productivity will again
be size fractionated (\<5, 5-20 & \>20 um) as well as split into organic
and inorganic C uptake. Phytoplantkon samples have been collected to
complete the C:chl ratio work for Ken Denman.

Our estimate of CFC penetration into the ocean at St P now covers almost
20 years (since Gammon started measurements in 1980). This is an
excellent surrogate for estimating CO~2~ transport into the NE Pacific.
Seabird surveys have been accompanying Line P for 3 years now. The data
set is approaching being sufficient to look for interannual changes in
densities between years, which should indicate changes in ocean
productivity between El Nino and La Nina years.

19\. Equipment:

Thermosalinograph, ADCP, pCO~2~, Met package & solar radiation all
collected continuously (when the seawater pump was working). Onboard
analyses of salinity, oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll, DMS, CFCs and
iron.

Winches: 1. Swann 329 #1307 Wire Type: CTD, 5500 m

Wire Condition: good, wear near termination as cruise progressed

# Condition of winch at acceptance on vessel: good

Repairs/modifications whilst aboard: wire reterminated twice

Recommended repairs/modifications: none

## Equipment deployed: CTD and rosette

### No. of casts. 45 Average depth: 1500 m

Winches: all other winches were unused.

21\. Comments and Recommendations: (detail any issues not covered
above).

**The new seawater pump that supplies water to the lab, is inadequate.**
We cannot operate our seawater sensors and still have the water supply
needed to rinse plankton nets or cool lab incubators. Ship's engineers
should see how the flow rate can be increased for lab use.

Thanks again to Captain Anderson and crew for a hard fought, successful
survey in the Gulf of Alaska. Our programs depend completely on weather
forecasts that have some accuracy. I am amazed and appreciative of how
well Captain Anderson does in providing us with forecasts which allow
the science program to travel in poor weather and use the few periods of
relative calm to sample.

Thanks also to the ROC for making the Tully available for loading before
our scheduled time.

22\. Submitted by: Frank Whitney Date: February 28, 1999

**Appendix**

###### Hydrographic surveys

Frank Whitney and watch keepers

Because of a SAR call our third day at sea, our cruise track was
irregular. We finished 6 Line P stations before weather halted us, then
we headed to the north end of Vancouver Island to assist a freighter
that had lost engine power and was drifting towards Triangle Island.

When relieved of SAR duties, we headed to a quiet anchorage to recover
from a couple of days of storms and equipment damage. Not being certain
if we could attempt to reach Station Papa, we chose to run a short
survey line from Triangle. At the end of this line, we decided to try
for Papa, and steamed directly there. Winds let up enough for us to
complete 1 ½ days work at Papa which was sufficient to complete all
major objectives. We then began our homeward journey along Line P. At
station P20, we headed south to survey an eddy we have named Haida 1998.
We completed 9 CTD casts, collecting water samples and net tows at 3 of
them, to give us excellent coverage of this still intense feature.

![](media/image1.wmf) Returning to Line P, we completed our survey back
to the coast, missing 2 stations due to weather. In all, we completed 41
CTD stations and 9 hydrographic stations.

##### Cruise track of John P Tully, Feb 8 to 26, 1999

####### IRON STUDY

Keith Johnson, Jun Nishioka & Nes Sutherland

Sea Water samples were collected for analysis of Iron III ( unfiltered
-reactive, labile or total dissolved, and filtered - o.45u,. 0.22u, 0.1u
and 200 kD) onboard ship using CRIEPI's chemiluninescent iron analyzer.
Sea water samples were collected at stations P04, TR15, P26, P20 and P16
in that order using 10 or 30 liter Go-flo samplers, Teflon pump and hose
and Zodiac as described in previous reports (see 9815 report).

P04 TR15 P26 P20 P16 Z- Zodiac

OUTBOUND INBOUND LA - 10 liter lever action

Sur Z Z #5 - 10 liter go-flo

10M LA UR P MA P #6 - 10 liter go-flo

25M #5 UR P MA P UR - 30 liter go-flo Wilbur

40M LA UR P UR P MA - 30 liter go-flo Wilma

75M #5 MA MA UR MA P - Pump, Teflon, bellows

100M #5 UR UR MA MA

200M #5 MA MA MA MA

300M LA MA UR MA MA

400M LA UR MA UR MA

600M #5 MA UR UR MA

800M LA UR UR MA MA

1000 MA MA #6 MA

Aerosol and rain collection from "Monkey's Island" was attempted with
limited success due to lack of rain, high winds and sea spray. Two small
rain samples were collected inbound.

The "Bat Fish" was tested and appeared to be stable in the water up to
10 knot speeds. Using the large aft crane telescoped out the bat fish
swam 20 feet from the ship. At 10 knots (\~60 degree angle) enough line
had to be let out so that at 2-3 meters it was just aft of the stern of
the ship. Estimated strain 250 pounds down ( data sheet on similar bat
fish) and 400 pounds aft (from angle).

The sea-bird pH probe was tested at P26 to a depth of 800 meters. The
surface mixed layer was about pH 8.0 and below it dropped to a steady pH
7.4. The up and down casts were consistent except for the top 20 meters
were there was a slight shift most likely caused by insufficient time
for the probe to condition itself between the storage solution and the
sea water. Pasha's calibration offset was used. Some work is still
required on calibrating with Tris buffer.

Zinc samples were also collected for David Crawford for analysis in
England from all Iron stations but not all depths.

Due to the rough weather a significant amount of damage was experienced.
The ondeck PVC HEPA clean hood was smashed beyond repair. An aluminum
lid loaned to UBC for 10 liter go-flo's was swept overboard. One of the
30 liter Go-flo\'s, Wilbur, was smashed on the side of the ship and will
need significant repair. The kevlar line was broken when the Bongo net
weights hit the side of the ship and the line snapped. Other science
projects also suffered losses or damage.

To investigate the size-fraction of particles associated with Fe after
addition of aerosol to sea water sample. Onboard aerosol filter addition
experiments were conducted with P26 surface filtered (0.1um) and
unfiltered seawater. Aerosols samples were collected on this trip on
47mm 0.45u polycarbonate filters from IOS apparatus

set up on Monkey's Island.

Notes and preliminary results.

1\) Go-flo's were sent down **open** due to lanyard layout. These should
be checked and adjusted or fixed as required. Samples collected from
Go-flo's on deck were typically 1 x 125 ml not filtered, 1x 500-1000ml
not filtered for Jun to filter in clean bubble using 0.22u Teflon
filters and 200 kilo dalton ultra filters, 2 x 0.1u Opticap - one for
analysis the other for Jun's iron solubility study, and 1 x 0.45u
Durapore. The notable exception was P16 where sampling was carried out
on the wire with no filtration on deck. A 125ml and a 1L sample were
collected from each depth. A 0.4u filtration was carried out in the
clean bubble. No 0.22u or 200 kDa filtration was done at P16 or P20.

2\) Pump sampling was accomplished using bell jar system as the clean
hood was destroyed. All samples were filtered for 0.03u steropore, 0.1u
steropore and 0.45u Durapore.

3\) Preliminary results indicate higher iron than normal for open ocean
samples, throughout the entire water column. Whether this is real or an
analytical problem is still being investigated.

4\) The 0.1u and the 0.45u filtrates gave very similar results for iron
but the 0.22u teflon omnipore results were less than both 0.1 or 0.45 u.
The hot cleaning procedure may have changed the pore size of the 0.22u
so that it was actually less than 0.1u.

5\) A 24 hour Goflo soak test was done on Wilbur and Wilma, using Stn.
P26 100m and 200m unfiltered water, respectively. Water drawn from each
Goflo had approximately doubled in iron content over the 24 hour period
(from 0.2 to 0.5 nM - 100m, and from 0.5 to 1.1 nM - 200m).

# **Productivity Experiments**

# Lipsen & Crawford (IOS and UBC):

As a continuation of our work in 1998, the principal focus along line P
was to measure ^14^C incorporation into organic and inorganic
particulate carbon. Size fractionated chlorophyll *a* concentrations
were also measured at the 6 depths of the productivity samples as well
as biogenic silica. P v I curves were also generated from each major
station at 55% light depth. Samples were collected at all major stations
as previous with the exception of TR-15 as a surrogate to P-12.
Productivity samples were lost from P-04 due to storm activity.

Again as a continuation of last years cruise work, we took samples from
all major P stations for epifluorescence microscopy, inverted microscopy
and scanning electron microscopy in order to enumerate the principal
producers of organic and inorganic particulate carbon. Additional
samples were also prepared from Station P26 for epifluorescence
microscopy and inverted microscopy for Jennifer Putland/Ken Denman to
continue their work on carbon:chlorophyll ratios of phytoplankton.

Phytoplankton net (30 m mesh) samples were taken from line P stations at
the 1% light level as well as 150 m. Samples were preserved immediately
for qualitative analysis. Initial examination will focus on the larger
phytoplankton species with an emphasis on diatoms.

1 l samples were taken from each major station for total zinc analysis
to be conducted by Peter Statham at Southampton Oceanography Center,
England.

The sediment trap sample mooring (STS&M) was recovered at station P.
Only the first of three portions were recovered. The remaining samples
will be recovered in June and September to complete the full year cycle
of the experiment. From the mooring, eight subsamples \[representing
different preservatives\] of the original sediment trap material were
recovered for analysis of decomposition at IOS.

# Isotope Inventory

Approximately 10 mCi of 14C bicarbonate were taken on board. 5 mCi of
this was used in experiments by Crawford and Lipsen. Low level liquid
waste was diluted and disposed via the sink in the fume hood following
set protocols. 5 mCi was brought back to IOS in concentrated (unused)
form.

**Bacteria Productivity**

C. Vestfals (UBC):

Bacterial Productivity was measured using \[Methyl - 3H\] Thymidine.
Spiked samples were incubated for 4 hours without light before
filtration. Samples were taken from Stations P4, P16, P20 and P26 at
depths corresponding to 100, 55, 10 and 1% light levels. In addition,
75m and 100m depths were sampled at each station. Samples were also
taken from each depth, stained with DAPI and filtered for bacteria
slides.

15N Experiments

Water samples were taken for ^15^NO3, ^15^NH~4~,^15^N-urea, Chl a and
PON. At stations P4, P16 and P20, water was collected from the 55% light
level and incubated for 24 hours. From Station P26 water was collected
from depths corresponding to 100, 55, 30, 19, 3.5 and 1% light levels.
Measurements were made for NO~3~, SiO~3~, and PO~4~ from all of the
above samples.

# 

# Isotopes

Initial content: 5mCi tritiated thymidine in 35ml water.

Approximately 1.5 mCi were used. Low level liquid waste was diluted and
disposed via the sink in the fume hood following set protocols.
Radioisotope remaining on filters will be counted at UBC. -To be
completed by Chief Scientist for each cruise.

> -Submit completed WP copy on disc to L. Mcdonald, Dir. Office,IOS
> -Comments on format of \"Project Report\" should be submitted
>
> to Chairperson, Science Vessel Users Committee, IOS or to Chairperson,
> BSB Vessel Users Committee, PBS.