# Barley Genetics Newsletter (2005) 35:150-154

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The Swedish Collection of Barley Mutants held at the Nordic Genebank

Udda Lundqvist

SvalöfWeibull AB.

SE-268 81 Svalöv, Sweden

e-mail: udda@ngb.se

The induced barley mutants that were isolated by Swedish researchers
(Ehrenberg *et al*. 1961, Franckowiak and Lundqvist 2002, Gustafsson
1941, 1947, 1954; Gustafsson and von Wettstein 1956/57; Gustafsson *et
al*. 1969; Hagberg *et al*. 1958; Jende-Strid *et al.* 1999, Lundqvist
1991, 1992; Lundqvist and Franckowiak 2003; Lundqvist and Lundqvist
1987; Nybom 1954; Persson and Hagberg 1969; von Wettstein *et* *al*.
1959) have been incorporated in the Nordic Genebank (www.ngb.se;
nordgen@ngb.se); (Davis *et al.* 1997, Lundqvist and Huldén, 2004). The
mutants were collected from 1937 to 1990 and maintained at The Swedish
Seed Association, later SvalöfAB and SvalöfWeibull AB, Svalöv, Sweden,
until transfer to the Nordic Genebank during 1981 to 2001. As the viable
mutants were isolated, they were placed in phenotypic groups. These
groups were identified as UL groups when the material was placed in more
permanent collection. Individual mutants are listed in UL dB-databases
which are transferable to Microsoft Excel. The phenotypic groupings for
the UL databases are listed in Table 1. For the UL groups, corresponding
phenotypic descriptors and, in some cases, group locus names are
provided. Also, Table 1 contains a list of assigned or suggested
three-letter locus symbols for mutants placed in each UL group.

**References:**

**Davis, M.P., J.D. Franckowiak, T. Konishi, and U. Lundqvist. 1997.**
New and revised Barley Genetic Stock Descriptions. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 26:1-516.

**Ehrenberg, L., Å. Gustafsson, and U. Lundqvist. 1961.** Viable mutants
induced in Barley by ionizing radiations and chemical mutagens.
Hereditas 47:243-282.

**Franckowiak, J.D. and U. Lundqvist. 2002.** Descriptions of barley
genetic stocks for 2001. Barley Genetics Newsletter 32:49-137.

**Gustafsson, Å. 1941.** Mutation experiments in barley. Hereditas
27:225-242.

**Gustafsson, Å. 1947.** Mutations in agricultural plants. Hereditas
33:1-100.

**Gustafsson, Å. 1954.** Swedish mutation work in plants: background and
present organization. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica IV:3:361-364.

**Gustafsson, Å. and Wettstein, D. von. 1956/1957.** Mutationen und
Mutationszüchtung. Handbuch der Pflanzenzüchtung I. Bd., 2. Aufl.:
612-699.

**Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, U. Lundqvist, and G. Persson. 1969.** A
proposed system of symbols for the collection of barley mutants at
Svalöv. Hereditas 62:409-414.

**Hagberg, A., Å. Gustafsson, and L. Ehrenberg. 1958.** Sparsely contra
densely ionizing radiation and the origin of erectoid mutants in barley.
Hereditas 44:523-530.

**Jende-Strid, B., U. Lundqvist, and J.D. Franckowiak. 1999.**
Descriptions of barley genetic stocks for 1999. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 29:80-123.

**Lundqvist, U. 1991.** Swedish mutation research in barley with plant
breeding aspects. A historical review. *In*: Plant Mutation Breeding for
Crop improvement. Proc. Int. Symp. Vienna. 1990, IAEA, Vienna, p.
135-148.

**Lundqvist, U. 1992.** Mutation Research in Barley. Dissertation, Dept.
of Plant Breeding Research. The Swedish University of Agricultural
Sciences, 283 p.

**Lundqvist, U. and A. Lundqvist. 1987.** Barley mutants -- diversity
and genetics. Barley Genetics V. Proc. Fifth Int. Barley Genet. Symp.,
Okayama 1986. (Eds. S. Yasuda and T. Konishi). Sanyo Press Co., Okayama
1986. p. 161-167.

**Lundqvist, U. and J. D. Franckowiak. 2003.** Diversity of barley
mutants. In: Diversity in Barley (*Hordeum vulgare*). pp. 77-96. R. von
Bothmer, Th. van Hintum, H. Knüpffer and K. Sato (eds), Elsevier Science
B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

**Lundqvist, U. and M. Huldén. 2004.** International Database for Barley
Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks. pp. 255-257. *In*: C. Marè, A. M.
Stanca and P. Faccioli (eds.). From Biodiversity to Genomics Breeding
Strageties for Small Grain Cereals in the Third Millenium. Proc.
Eucarpia Cereal Section Meetings, Salsomaggiore, Italy, 21 -- 25
November, 2002.

**Nybom, N. 1954.** Mutation types in barley. Acta Agriculturae
Scandinavica IV:3: 430-456.

**Persson, G. and A. Hagberg. 1969.** Induced variation in a
quantitative character in barley. Morphology and cytogenetics of
*erectoides* mutants. Hereditas 61:115-178.

**Wettstein, D. von, Å. Gustafsson, and L. Ehrenberg. 1959.**
Mutationsforschung und Züchtung. *In*: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung
des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen. Köln und Opladen, p. 7-50.

*Acknowledgements:* I gratefully express my sincere and warmest thanks
to Professor Jerry Franckowiak, North Dakota State University, Fargo,
ND, USA, for all the very fruitful and enthusiastic suggestions and
discussions of the many mutants and genes.

Table. 1. The UL database groupings used when the Swedish barley muants
were placed in the Nordic Genebank, phenotypic classification of
mutants, and suggested locus codes.

  ------- ----------------------------- ----------------------- ------------
  Code    Group name                    Phenotype, other names  Locus symbol

                                                                

  UL01    Praematurum                   Early heading           eam, mat

  UL02    Eceriferum                    Glossy leaf, glossy     cer, glf,
                                        sheath                  gsh

  UL03    Upright                       Erect growth habit      

  UL04    Irregular spikes              Deformed spike          def

                                        Branched spike          brc

                                        Irregular row number    vrs

  UL05    Mildew resistant mutants      Powdery mildew reaction ml, Reg

  UL06    Breviaristatum                Short awn               ari, lks,
                                                                sca

                                        Brachytic               brh

  UL07    Laxatum                       Lax spike               lax

          Compositum                    Branched spike          com, brc

  UL08    Globosum                      Globe shaped grain      glo

  UL09    Anthocyanin mutants           Anthocynin-less         ant

                                        Proanthocyanidin-free   ant

                                        Anthocyanin rich, red   Rst, Ant
                                        stem                    

  UL10    Hexastichon                   Six-rowed spike         vrs1 alleles

  UL11    Intermedium                   Six-rowed spike         int, vrs

  UL12    Maculosus                     Scathered necrotic      mac
                                        flecks                  

  UL13    Gigas                         Giant plant             gig

  UL14    Macrolepis                    Elongated outer glume   eog

  UL15    Erectoides                    Dense spike             ert, dsp

          Pyramidatum                   Pyramid shaped spike    Pyr

          Zeocriton                     Dominant compact spike  Zeo

  UL16    Extra floret                  Extra central spikelet  flo

  UL17    Calcaroides                   Subjacent hood          cal, sbk

  UL18    Bracteatum                    Third outer glume       bra, trd

  UL19    Double seeds                  Double kernel           dub

  UL20    Exauriculum                   Liguleless              lig

  UL21    Curly awn                     Twisted awn             caw

  UL22    Wilting awn                   Weak awn                waw

                                        Dehiscent awn           daw

  UL23    Long awn                      Long awn                law

  UL24    Scirpoides leaf               Folded leaf             scl

  UL25    Narrow leaf blade             Narrow leaf,            nlf, fol
                                        angustifolium           

  UL26    Latifolium                    Broad leaf blade        blf

  UL27    Wilting leaf blade            Leaf blade collapse     wlt

  UL28    Short culm mutants            Semidwarf               sdw
  ------- ----------------------------- ----------------------- ------------

Table 1. (contin.)

  ------- ----------------------------- ---------------------- ------------
  Code    Group name                    Phenotype, other names Locus symbol

                                                               

  UL29    Dwarf                         Extreme dwarf          dwf

  UL30    Densinodosum                  Many noded dwarf       den, mnd

  UL31    Long shaped grain             Long kernel            lgk

  UL32    Seminudoides                  Semi-naked caryopsis   smn

  UL33    Acute lemma on lateral        Pointed lateral        
          spikelets                     spikelet               

  UL34    Late maturity                 Delayed heading        

  UL35    Flavum                        Yellow head            yhd

  UL36    Rachisextensum                Accordion basal rachis rac, abr
                                        internode              

  UL37    Short spike                   Lesser rachis          lin
                                        internode number       

  UL38    Light green foliage                                  

  UL39    Deficiens                     Small lateral          sls, vrs
                                        spikelets              

  UL40    Necroticans                   Necrotic leaf fleck,   nec
                                        necrotic leaf spot     

                                        Severe leaf necrosis   pmr

                                        Dark necrotic blotch   ncd

                                        Concentric rings       

  UL41    Weak rachisextensum           Elongated basal rachis rac, lbi
                                        internode              

  UL42    Exligulum                     Small or no ligule     eli

  UL43    Stiff straw                                          

  UL44    Tall culm                     Tall plant             

  UL45    Dark grain                    Brown kernels          brk

  UL46    Smooth awn                    Smooth awn, few barbs  raw

  UL47    Eburatum                      Albino lemma           ebu, alm

  UL48    Long spike                    More kernels           

  UL49    Rich wax coating              Waxy spike             wxs

  UL50    Brittle culm and spike        Fragile stem and       fst, btr
                                        rachis                 

  UL51    Fast growing                  Elongated plants       slp

  UL52    Robiginosum                   Orange lemma           rob

  UL53    Viviparoides                  Delayed spike          viv
                                        development            

  UL54    Bent culm                     Weakly curly           cur

  UL55    Bikini                        Curly                  cur2

  UL56    Small kernel                  Small kernel           smk

  UL57    Large kernel                  Large kernel           lrk

  UL58    Accordionrachis               Accordion rachis       acr

  UL59    Uniculme                      One tiller, curly      cul
                                        tillers                

                                        Low number of tillers  lnt
  ------- ----------------------------- ---------------------- ------------

Table 1. (contin.)

  ------- ----------------------------- ---------------------- ------------
  Code    Group name                    Phenotype, other names Locus symbol

                                                               

  UL60    Upper half spike sterile      Tip sterile            tst

  UL61    Narrow spike mutants          Granum, thin kernel    gra

  UL62    Irregular tillers             Malformed tillers      mft

  UL63    Weak culms                    Easily lodged plants   

  UL64    Elongated glumes              Elongated outer glume  eog

                                                               

                                                               

  UL65    Prostate growth habit         Lazy, serpentina       srp

  UL66    Changed lateral spikelet                             

          Large lateral spikelet \[3\]  Large lateral spikelet vrs, int

          Curled lateral spikelet \[2\] Curly lateral spikelet crl

  UL67    Triaristatum                  Triple awned lemma     trp

  UL68    Changed awn mutants                                  

          Soft awns \[4\],                                     

          Yellow awns \[2\]             Yellow awn             yaw

  UL69    Changed leaf blade mutants                           

          Changes into yellow \[6\],    Yellow leaf            ylf
          yellow leaf blade \[3\]                              

          White spotted leaf blade      White leaf spots       wls
          \[3\]                                                

          Curly leaf blade \[3\]        Coiled leaf blade      cur

          Rolled leaf blade \[3\]       Tube leaf              tlf

          Darkgreen leaf blade \[1\]                           

          Brachytic leaf blade \[3\]    Leafless (small leaf   lfl
                                        blade)                 

          Onion-like plant \[1\]                               

          Crenatum leaf blade \[1\]     Dented leaf margin     cre

  UL70    Scirpoides                    Sciroides spike        sci

  UL71    Changed flag leaf             Leafless (small blade) lfl

  UL72    Opposite spikelets            Variable rachis        ops
                                        internode length       

  UL73    Different mutants                                    

          Orange necrosis \[2\]         Necrotic blotches      nec3

          Hanging spike \[1\]           Nodding spike          

          Many glumes on lateral                               
          spikelets \[1\]                                      

          Lesser internode number \[1\]                        

          Nodeless \[1\]                Single internode dwarf sid

          Brachytic \[1\]               Brachytic dwarf        brh

  UL74    Intermedium double mutants    Combinations of int    int + int
                                        mutants                
  ------- ----------------------------- ---------------------- ------------