> **Barley Genetics Newsletter 37: 29--33 (2007)**
>
> **Line x Tester Analysis in Barley (*Hordeum vulgare* L.) Across
> Environments**

# Ambresh Kumar Verma, S.R. Vishwakarma and P.K. Singh

# 

> Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
>
> Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology,
>
> Kumarganj, Faizabad, (UP) 224 229 India.
>
> e-mail: ambreshv@gmail.com

## Abstract

## A combining ability effects study was conducted through line x tester analysis under normal fertile and saline sodic soil environments. The results indicated the predominance of non- additive gene action for all the traits. The line Kedar and tester K-560 in normal fertile soil and tester Lakhan in saline sodic soil while RD-2552, Narendra Jau-4 and NDB-1173 under both environments proved good general combiners for seed yield and quality components characters. The crosses Kedar x K-560, K-603 x K-560, DL-88 x Lakhan and RD-2035 x K-560 in normal and RD-2552 x Narendra Jau-3, Narendra Jau-1 x K-560, Narendra Jau-4 x Lakhan, NDB-1173 x K-560, and RD-2624 x K-560, in saline sodic soil while RD-2552 x Lakhan, RD-2035 x Narendra Jau-3, BL-2 x Lakhan and Jagrati x K-560 in both environment exhibited highest sca effects for seed yield and other quality traits, showing their desirability to offer transgressive segregants in succeeding generations. 

**Key words:** barley, combining ability, gene action, protein content,
lysine content.

**Introduction**

Research on barley (*Hordeum vulgare* L.) bears special significance due
to its great elasticity of adaptation under various stresses and lot of
potential both for domestic and industrial uses. Barley also has been
very important winter cereal crop in India , because of its versatile
nature, lower cost of cultivation, superior nutritional qualities and
many other uses. The major uses of barley grains, however are in the
production of malt, which is used to make beer, beverage industrial
alcohol, whisky, malt syrups, malted milk and vinegar. The spent malt
after brewing is used as feed. Combining ability analysis helps in
identification of desirable parents and crosses for their further
exploitation in breeding programme. Therefore, the present study was
undertaken to estimate combining ability effects for yield and quality
components characters and also to identify suitable parents and crosses
in barley under normal fertile and saline soil environments.

**Materials and Methods**

The material consisted of 15 lines, namely RD-2552, Narendra Jau-1,
Narendra Jau-2, Narendra Jau-4, RD-2035, BL-2, BH-512, Ratna, Kedar,
Jagrati, DL-88, Azad, K-603, NDB-1173 and RD-2624 with 3 testers viz.,
Narendra Jau-3, K-560 and Lakhan crosses were attempted in line x tester
fashion. The resulting 45 F~1s~ along with lines and testers were
planted in a randomized block design with three replicates during *rabi*
2004-2005 under normal fertile soil and saline sodic environments at
Research Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology,
Kumarganj, Faizabad. Each treatment (genotype) was shown in 3 m length
having row to row and plant to plant distance of 25 cm and 10 cm,
respectively. The observations were recorded on days to maturity, plant
height (cm), number of effective tillers/plant, length of main spike
(cm), grains per spike, seed yield/plant (g), 1000 seed weight (g),
pelshenke value (minutes), protein content (%), lysine content (%) and
husk content (%) on five randomly selected plants from each replication
and environments. The combining ability analysis was carried out
following the method proposed by (Kempthorne,1957).

**Results and Discussion**

The analysis of variance for combining ability for eleven characters
showed that variances due to gca and sca were significant for the
characters like days to maturity, plant height, length of main spike,
grains per spike, seed yield per plant, 1000 seed weight, pelshenke
value, protein content and husk content under both normal fertile and
saline sodic soil conditions, suggesting thereby importance of both
additive and non additive gene actions for the inheritance of these
characters. The role of both additive and non-additive effects to grain
yield and its component characters in barley have been reported
previously (Choo *et* *al.*,1988; Bhatnagar and Sharma1995;1998).
However, the component of variation due to sca was higher than gca for
all the characters in all the environments indicating the predominance
of non-additive gene action. Such results infers that the chosen
material had high selection history. Similar results of predominance of
sca variance over gca variance have also been reported by (Guo and
Xu,1994; Phogat *et al.*1995; Madic,1996; El-Seidy,1997a & 1997b;
Bouzerzour and Djakoune,1998).

A perusal of the gca estimates (Table1) showed that the parents RD-2552,
Narendra Jau-4, NDB-1173 in both environments while, Kedar & K-560 in
E~1~, and Lakhan in E~2~ were the best combiners for seed yield and
good/ medium combiner for most of the important yield and quality
component characters. Further the parents Ratna, Narendra Jau-1,
RD-2552, Narendra Jau-3, Narendra Jau-1 for early maturity, Lakhan,
Narendra Jau-1 for dwarf plant height, Azad, RD-2624, NDB-1173 and Ratna
for high protein content and Narendra Jau-1, Narendra Jau-2 and Lakhan
for high lysine content were found to be good general combiners in both
the environments.

Significant gca values indicated the importance of additive or additive
x additive gene effect as earlier reported by (Griffing,1956). In view
of this, these parents offered the best possibilities for the
development of improved lines of barley through hybridization programme.
It is, therefore, recommended that to improve yield one should breed for
superior combining ability for the component traits with an ultimate
objective to improve the pace of its genetic improvement.

The estimates of specific combining ability effects of top five ranking
crosses for all the characters are present in Table 2. The perusal of
sca effects revealed that crosses Kedar x K-560, K-603 x K-560, DL-88 x
Lakhan RD-2552 x K-560 in normal and RD-2552 x Narendra Jau-3, Narendra
Jau-1 x K-560, Narendra Jau-4 x Lakhan, NDB-1173 x K-560 & RD-2624 x
K-560 in saline sodic and RD-2552 x Lakhan, RD-2035 x Narendra Jau-3,
BL-2 x Lakhan and Jagrati x K-560 under both environments were for seed
yield per plant and with other characters. The crosses RD-2035 x
Narendra Jau-3 and BL-2 x Lakhan are excellent crosses for seed yield in
both environments. Therefore, these crosses should be particularly
exploited vigorously in future breeding programmes to obtain good
segregants which would lead to buildup a population with high genetic
yield potential with develop salt tolerant genotypes.

######### 

######### References 

Bhatnagar, V. K., Sharma, S. N. 1995. Diallel analysis for combining
ability for grain yield and its components in barley. Indian J. Genet.
55:228-232.

Bhatnagar, V. K., Sharma, S. N. 1998. Diallel analysis for grain yield
and harvest index in barley under diverse environments. Rachis.
16:22-27.

Bouzerzour, H., Djakoune, A. 1998. Inheritance of grain yield and grain
yield components in barley. Rachis. 16:9-16.

Choo, T. M., Reinbergs, E., Jui, P. Y.1988. Comparison of F~2~ and F~1~
diallel analyses in barley. Genome 30:865-869.

El-Seidy, E. S. H.1997a. Inheritance of earliness and yield in some
barley crosses. Ann. Agric. Sci. Moshtohor. 35:715-30.

El-Seidy, E. S. H. 1997b. Inheritance of plant height, grain yield and
its components in three barley crosses (*Hordeum vulgare* L.). Ann.
Agric. Sci. Moshtohor. 35:63-76.

Guo, Y. Y., Xu, S. Y. 1994. Genetic analysis of yield traits in
two-rowed barley. Acta Agric. Zhejiangensis 6:156-60.

Griffing, B.1956. Concept of general and specific combining ability in
relation to diallel crossing system. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 9:463-493

Kempthorne, O. 1957. An Introduction to Genetical Statistics. John Wiley
& Sons. Inc. New York.

Madic, M. 1996. Inheritance of spike traits and grain yield in barley
(*H. vulgare* L.) hybrids. Rev. Res. Work, Fac. Agric. Belgrade
41:53-65.

Phogat, D. S., Singh,D., Dahiya, G. S., Singh, D. 1995. Genetics of
yield and yield components in barley (*Hordeum vulgare* L.). Crop Res.
Hisar. 9:363-369.

Table 1. Estimates of general combining ability (gca) effects of parents
(lines & testers) for 11 characters in

barley under normal fertile soil condition (E~1~) & saline sodic soil
condition (E~2~)

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Parents</td>
<td>Environ-ments</td>
<td>Days to maturity</td>
<td><p>Plant</p>
<p>height</p>
<p>(cm)</p></td>
<td>No. of effective tillers /plant</td>
<td>Length of main spike (cm)</td>
<td>Grains/spike</td>
<td><p>Seed yield/ plant</p>
<p>(g)</p></td>
<td><p>1000</p>
<p>seed weight</p>
<p>(g)</p></td>
<td>Pelshenke value (minute)</td>
<td><p>Protein</p>
<p>content</p>
<p>(%)</p></td>
<td><p>Lysine</p>
<p>content</p>
<p>(%)</p></td>
<td><p>Husk</p>
<p>content</p>
<p>(%)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Kedar</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>0.63**</td>
<td>3.45**</td>
<td>0.40*</td>
<td>-0.18*</td>
<td>-0.71</td>
<td>1.02*</td>
<td>1.10*</td>
<td>6.58**</td>
<td>0.39**</td>
<td>-0.12**</td>
<td>2.30**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>1.23**</td>
<td>5.76**</td>
<td>0.26</td>
<td>-0.13</td>
<td>-0.72</td>
<td>0.73</td>
<td>0.99**</td>
<td>5.25**</td>
<td>0.27**</td>
<td>-0.26**</td>
<td>1.35**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">K-603</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>-0.12</td>
<td>-0.62</td>
<td>0.20</td>
<td>-0.26**</td>
<td>-3.08**</td>
<td>-0.45</td>
<td>-1.04*</td>
<td>-1.92*</td>
<td>0.26**</td>
<td>-0.18**</td>
<td>0.13</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>-1.27**</td>
<td>3.62**</td>
<td>-0.27</td>
<td>-0.60**</td>
<td>-5.51**</td>
<td>-1.58**</td>
<td>-1.67**</td>
<td>-1.67</td>
<td>0.26**</td>
<td>-0.13**</td>
<td>0.44*</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">DL-88</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>0.63**</td>
<td>3.85**</td>
<td>-1.02**</td>
<td>-0.63**</td>
<td>-4.14**</td>
<td>-3.04**</td>
<td>-0.74</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>-0.21**</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>-1.67**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>-0.19</td>
<td>3.40**</td>
<td>-0.34</td>
<td>-0.46**</td>
<td>-1.82*</td>
<td>-0.77</td>
<td>-0.86**</td>
<td>0.58</td>
<td>-0.32**</td>
<td>0.07**</td>
<td>-1.23**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">RD-2552</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>-0.62**</td>
<td>-4.96**</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>0.04</td>
<td>6.76**</td>
<td>1.19*</td>
<td>-1.11*</td>
<td>-9.92**</td>
<td>-0.68**</td>
<td>0.25**</td>
<td>-1.88**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>-0.69**</td>
<td>-2.65**</td>
<td>0.37*</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>4.37**</td>
<td>1.83**</td>
<td>-0.83**</td>
<td>-7.58**</td>
<td>-0.52**</td>
<td>0.33**</td>
<td>-1.15**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Azad</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>2.21**</td>
<td>-6.84**</td>
<td>-0.11</td>
<td>0.17*</td>
<td>4.86**</td>
<td>0.53</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>7.16**</td>
<td>2.06**</td>
<td>-0.59**</td>
<td>1.24**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>2.56**</td>
<td>0.42</td>
<td>0.08</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>5.20**</td>
<td>0.57</td>
<td>0.08</td>
<td>6.17**</td>
<td>1.94**</td>
<td>-0.53**</td>
<td>0.93**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Narendra Jau -1</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>-0.62**</td>
<td>-2.76**</td>
<td>0.34*</td>
<td>0.32**</td>
<td>-0.54</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>0.55</td>
<td>-0.34</td>
<td>-1.38**</td>
<td>0.56**</td>
<td>-0.23</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>-0.52*</td>
<td>-4.57**</td>
<td>0.29</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>1.50</td>
<td>0.71</td>
<td>0.67**</td>
<td>0.42</td>
<td>-0.49**</td>
<td>0.59**</td>
<td>-0.60**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Narendra Jau -2</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>-1.54**</td>
<td>3.59**</td>
<td>0.08</td>
<td>0.80**</td>
<td>1.23</td>
<td>0.48</td>
<td>0.28</td>
<td>-3.42**</td>
<td>-1.68**</td>
<td>0.51**</td>
<td>1.50**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>0.06</td>
<td>-4.55**</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>0.49**</td>
<td>0.34</td>
<td>0.46</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>-3.25**</td>
<td>-1.77**</td>
<td>0.52**</td>
<td>1.44**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Narendra Jau -4</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>0.29</td>
<td>-2.66**</td>
<td>1.31**</td>
<td>0.65**</td>
<td>4.73**</td>
<td>3.54**</td>
<td>-0.32</td>
<td>-6.76**</td>
<td>-1.01**</td>
<td>0.34**</td>
<td>0.35</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>1.14**</td>
<td>2.68**</td>
<td>0.50**</td>
<td>0.50**</td>
<td>1.78</td>
<td>0.90*</td>
<td>-0.29</td>
<td>-6.83**</td>
<td>-1.05**</td>
<td>0.10**</td>
<td>0.69**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">NDB-1173</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>-2.71**</td>
<td>-1.98**</td>
<td>-0.11</td>
<td>0.71**</td>
<td>6.99**</td>
<td>2.14**</td>
<td>1.75**</td>
<td>-1.76*</td>
<td>0.93**</td>
<td>-0.28**</td>
<td>-1.99**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>-2.11**</td>
<td>-4.08**</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td>0.52**</td>
<td>6.08**</td>
<td>1.24**</td>
<td>2.09**</td>
<td>-1.67</td>
<td>0.99**</td>
<td>-0.32**</td>
<td>-1.98**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">RD-2035</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>0.13</td>
<td>0.22</td>
<td>-0.21</td>
<td>-0.23*</td>
<td>4.15**</td>
<td>0.66</td>
<td>-0.99*</td>
<td>-2.34**</td>
<td>-0.35**</td>
<td>0.11**</td>
<td>1.05**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>-0.36</td>
<td>-1.69**</td>
<td>0.09</td>
<td>-0.15</td>
<td>3.43**</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>-0.94**</td>
<td>-2.08*</td>
<td>-0.46**</td>
<td>0.12**</td>
<td>0.98**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">RD-2624</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>0.71**</td>
<td>-3.44**</td>
<td>-0.45**</td>
<td>-0.38**</td>
<td>-9.32**</td>
<td>-3.52**</td>
<td>-1.60**</td>
<td>0.08</td>
<td>1.63**</td>
<td>-0.40**</td>
<td>-0.63**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>-0.19</td>
<td>-0.77</td>
<td>-0.60**</td>
<td>-0.05</td>
<td>-3.70**</td>
<td>-2.36**</td>
<td>-1.47**</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>1.54**</td>
<td>-0.35**</td>
<td>-0.40</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">BL-2</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>1.54**</td>
<td>1.89**</td>
<td>0.43*</td>
<td>-0.13</td>
<td>-2.49*</td>
<td>0.63</td>
<td>0.29</td>
<td>3.24**</td>
<td>-0.09*</td>
<td>-0.03</td>
<td>-1.33**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>0.23</td>
<td>-2.29**</td>
<td>0.36*</td>
<td>-0.08</td>
<td>-3.35**</td>
<td>0.66</td>
<td>0.03</td>
<td>3.33**</td>
<td>-0.18**</td>
<td>-0.04**</td>
<td>-1.35**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Jagrati</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>1.13**</td>
<td>4.50**</td>
<td>-0.26</td>
<td>-0.32**</td>
<td>-4.47**</td>
<td>-1.22**</td>
<td>1.20**</td>
<td>1.24</td>
<td>-0.30**</td>
<td>0.15**</td>
<td>0.93**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>1.39**</td>
<td>-2.44**</td>
<td>-0.45*</td>
<td>-0.21</td>
<td>-3.45**</td>
<td>-0.98*</td>
<td>1.12**</td>
<td>1.58</td>
<td>-0.47**</td>
<td>0.18**</td>
<td>0.69**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">BH-512</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>-0.12</td>
<td>7.09**</td>
<td>-0.31</td>
<td>-0.36**</td>
<td>1.19</td>
<td>-0.74</td>
<td>0.03</td>
<td>0.99</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>-0.05</td>
<td>2.49**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>0.31</td>
<td>4.29**</td>
<td>-0.18</td>
<td>-0.35*</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>-0.41</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>-0.33</td>
<td>-0.07**</td>
<td>-0.03*</td>
<td>2.14**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Ratna</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>-1.54**</td>
<td>-1.34*</td>
<td>-0.44**</td>
<td>-0.21*</td>
<td>-5.17**</td>
<td>-1.75**</td>
<td>0.49</td>
<td>6.83**</td>
<td>0.41**</td>
<td>-0.29**</td>
<td>-2.26**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>-1.61**</td>
<td>2.87**</td>
<td>-0.45*</td>
<td>0.04</td>
<td>-4.27**</td>
<td>-1.04*</td>
<td>0.83**</td>
<td>5.75**</td>
<td>0.33**</td>
<td>-0.25**</td>
<td>-1.94**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h5 id="se-gi-lines">SE (gi) lines</h5></td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>0.22</td>
<td>0.64</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>0.09</td>
<td>0.97</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.75</td>
<td>0.04</td>
<td>0.03</td>
<td>0.21</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>0.22</td>
<td>0.52</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>0.13</td>
<td>0.93</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.21</td>
<td>0.88</td>
<td>0.03</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>0.20</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h5 id="segi-gj-lines">SE(gi-gj) lines</h5></td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>0.31</td>
<td>0.90</td>
<td>0.23</td>
<td>0.13</td>
<td>1.37</td>
<td>0.64</td>
<td>0.64</td>
<td>1.05</td>
<td>0.06</td>
<td>0.04</td>
<td>0.30</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>0.31</td>
<td>0.74</td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>1.31</td>
<td>0.64</td>
<td>0.30</td>
<td>1.24</td>
<td>0.04</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>0.29</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">K-560</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>0.88**</td>
<td>1.83**</td>
<td>0.27**</td>
<td>0.18**</td>
<td>0.68</td>
<td>0.76**</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>-5.77**</td>
<td>0.18**</td>
<td>-0.04**</td>
<td>-1.20**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>1.31**</td>
<td>-0.87**</td>
<td>0.07</td>
<td>0.05</td>
<td>0.41</td>
<td>0.41</td>
<td>-0.22*</td>
<td>-5.17**</td>
<td>0.14**</td>
<td>-0.06**</td>
<td>-0.87**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Narendra Jau-3</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>-0.81**</td>
<td>2.69**</td>
<td>0.31**</td>
<td>0.09</td>
<td>-0.18</td>
<td>0.21</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>1.94**</td>
<td>0.07**</td>
<td>-0.06**</td>
<td>0.17</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>-0.36**</td>
<td>0.59*</td>
<td>-0.04</td>
<td>0.08</td>
<td>0.48</td>
<td>-0.02</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>1.97**</td>
<td>0.34**</td>
<td>-0.11**</td>
<td>-0.12</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2">Lakhan</td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>0.10</td>
<td>-6.63**</td>
<td>-0.90**</td>
<td>-0.16**</td>
<td>0.79</td>
<td>-1.11**</td>
<td>-0.42</td>
<td>2.30**</td>
<td>-0.44**</td>
<td>0.22**</td>
<td>1.37**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>-0.70*</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>-0.05</td>
<td>0.09</td>
<td>0.78**</td>
<td>0.15</td>
<td>2.06**</td>
<td>-0.60**</td>
<td>0.26**</td>
<td>1.40**</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h5 id="se-gi-testers">SE (gi) testers</h5></td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>0.09</td>
<td>0.05</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>0.23</td>
<td>0.23</td>
<td>0.39</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>0.11</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>0.27</td>
<td>0.09</td>
<td>0.07</td>
<td>0.48</td>
<td>0.23</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>0.10</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><h5 id="segi-gj-testers">SE(gi-gj) testers</h5></td>
<td>E<sub>1</sub></td>
<td>0.16</td>
<td>0.46</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>0.06</td>
<td>0.71</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>0.03</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>0.15</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>E<sub>2</sub></td>
<td>0.16</td>
<td>0.38</td>
<td>0.13</td>
<td>0.10</td>
<td>0.68</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>0.15</td>
<td>0.64</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>0.15</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><h5 id="section-2"></h5></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\* Significant at 5% probability level, \*\* Significant at 1%
probability level

> Table 2. Promising crosses for seed yield and quality component in
> barley under normal
>
> fertile soil and saline sodic soil condition.

+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| Characters   | Normal fertile soil       | Saline sodic soil         |
|              | environment               | environment               |
+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| ###### Days  | Kedar x Lakhan, RD-2552 x | K-603 x K-560, RD-2624 x  |
| to maturity  | K-560, RD-2552 x Narendra | Lakhan, Narendra Jau-1 x  |
|              | Jau-3, Narendra Jau-1 x   | K-560, Kedar x Lakhan,    |
|              | K-560, RD-2624 x Lakhan   | Jagrati x Narendra Jau-3  |
+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| Plant height | Jagrati x Lakhan, BL-2 x  | Ratna x Narendra Jau-4,   |
| (cm)         | Lakhan, Narendra Jau-2 x  | BL-2 x Lakhan, DL-88 x    |
|              | Lakhan, RD-2035 x Lakhan, | K-560, RD-2035 x Lakhan,  |
|              | Kedar x Narendra Jau-3    | RD-2624 x Lakhan          |
+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| Number of    | RD-2035 x K-560, BL-2 x   | Narendra Jau-1 x K-560,   |
| effective    | Narendra Jau-3,           | Narendra Jau-4 x Lakhan,  |
|              |                           | NDB-1173 x K-560, RD-2035 |
| t            | Jagrati x K-560, BL-2 x   | x Narendra Jau-3          |
| illers/plant | Lakhan                    |                           |
+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| Length of    | K-603 x K560, K-603 x     | DL-88 x Lakhan, NDB-1173  |
| main spike   | Narendra Jau-3, DL-88 x   | x Lakhan,                 |
| (cm)         | Lakhan, RD-2035 x         |                           |
|              | K-560,Jagrati x K-560     | RD-2035 x Lakhan          |
+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| ####         | BL-2 x Lakhan, Kedar x    | BL-2 x Lakhan, RD-2624 x  |
| Grains/spike | K-560, K-603 x K-560,     | K-560, DL-88 x Lakhan,    |
|              | DL-88 x Lakhan, RD-2035 x | Narendra Jau-4 x Narendra |
|              | Lakhan                    | Jau-3, RD-2035 x Narendra |
|              |                           | Jau-3                     |
+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| ####         | BL-2 x Lakhan, RD-2035 x  | Narendra Jau-1 x K-560,   |
| Seed yield p | Narendra Jau-3, Jagrati x | Narendra Jau-4 x Lakhan,  |
| er plant (g) | K-560, RD-2552 x Lakhan,  | NDB-1173 x K560, RD-2053  |
|              | Kedar x K-560             | x Narendra Jau-3, BL-2 x  |
|              |                           | Lakhan                    |
+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| 1000-seed    | BL-2 x Lakhan, Jagrati x  | BL-2 x Lakhan, Narendra   |
|              | K-560,                    | Jau-4 x Lakhan RD-2552 x  |
| weight (g)   |                           | Narendra Jau-3, RD-2035 x |
|              | RD-2035 x Narendra Jau-3, | Narendra Jau-3, Jagrati x |
|              | Narendra Jau-4 x Lakhan,  | Narendra Jau-3            |
+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| Pelshenke    | Narendra Jau- 1 x K-560,  | RD-2552 x K-560, Narendra |
|              | RD-2552 x K-560, RD-2624  | Jau- 4 x Lakhan, RD-2552  |
| value        | x Lakhan, Narendra Jau- 4 | x Narendra Jau-3, RD-2035 |
| (minute)     | x K-560, BL-2 x Narendra  | x Narendra Jau-3, Jagrati |
|              | Jau-3                     | x Narendra Jau-3          |
+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| Protein      | RD-2552 x K-560, Narendra | Narendra Jau-4 x K-560,   |
|              | Jau-4 x K-560, Kedar x    | RD-2552 x K-560, K-603 x  |
| content (%)  | Narendra Jau-3, BH-512 x  | Narendra Jau-3, NDB-1173  |
|              | Lakhan, Ratna x K-560     | x K-560, Kedar x Narendra |
|              |                           | Jau-3                     |
+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| Lysine       | DL-88 x K-560, Kedar x    | K-603 x K-560, DL-88 x    |
|              | K-560, K-603 x K-560,     | K-560, Narendra Jau-4 x   |
| content (%)  |                           | Lakhan, Kedar x Lakhan,   |
|              | RD-2035 x Narendra Jau-3, | Narendra Jau-4 x Narendra |
|              | RD-2552 x Lakhan          | Jau-3                     |
+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| Husk         | Narendra Jau-2 x Narendra | Narendra Jau-2 x Narendra |
|              | Jau-3, Kedar x Narendra   | Jau-3, Kedar x Narendra   |
| content (%)  | Jau-3, K-603 x K-560,     | Jau-3, Narendra Jau-4 x   |
|              | Azad x K-560, DL-88 x     | Narendra Jau-3, K-603 x   |
|              | K-560                     | K-560,                    |
|              |                           |                           |
|              |                           | DL-88 x K-560             |
+--------------+---------------------------+---------------------------+