Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 8/26/2005

**GAIN Report Number:** TU5036

TU5036

**Turkey**

**Fresh Deciduous Fruit**

**Annual Report**

**2005**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Jim Higgiston, Agriculture Counselor

U.S. Embassy

**Prepared by:**

Unal Sarigedik, Agriculture Specialist

**Report Highlights:**

Turkish deciduous fruit production is expected to rebound this year due
to good weather conditions during the growing season. Turkey produces
and consumes large quantities of deciduous fruits, but exports only a
small amount. This is primarily because Turkey does not produce the
varieties international markets demand. Turkey does not support exports,
but imposes a 60.3 percent duty on apple and pear imports and a 54.9
percent duty on fresh table grape imports.

Includes PSD Changes: Yes

Includes Trade Matrix: Yes

Annual Report

Ankara \[TU1\]

\[TU\]

Table of Contents

[**Executive Summary 3**](#executive-summary)

[Production 4](#production)

[Apples 4](#apples)

[Table 1. Fresh Apples, PS&D 4](#table-1.-fresh-apples-psd)

[Pears 5](#pears)

[Table 1. Fresh Pear, PS&D 5](#table-1.-fresh-pear-psd)

[Grapes 6](#grapes)

[Table 1. Fresh Grape PS&D 6](#table-1.-fresh-grape-psd)

[Consumption 7](#consumption)

[Apples 7](#apples-1)

[Pears 7](#pears-1)

[Grapes 7](#grapes-1)

[Trade 7](#trade)

[Table 1. Fresh Apples, Export Trade Matrix
8](#table-1.-fresh-apples-export-trade-matrix)

[Table 2. Fresh Apples, Import Trade Matrix
8](#table-2.-fresh-apples-import-trade-matrix)

[Table 3. Fresh Pear, Export Trade Matrix
9](#table-3.-fresh-pear-export-trade-matrix)

[Table 4. Fresh Pear, Import Trade Matrix
9](#table-4.-fresh-pear-import-trade-matrix)

[Table 5. Fresh Table Grapes, Export Trade Matrix
10](#table-5.-fresh-table-grapes-export-trade-matrix)

[Table 6. Fresh Table Grapes, Import Trade Matrix
10](#table-6.-fresh-table-grapes-import-trade-matrix)

[Stocks 11](#stocks)

[Policy 11](#policy)

[Marketing 11](#marketing)

# Executive Summary

Turkey's deciduous fruit production is expected to return to normal in
MY 2005 due to good weather conditions during the growing season. Apple
and pear production in MY 2005 were significantly larger than the MY
2004, which were reduced last year because of frosts. Grape production
is expected to increase slightly in MY 2005 because of good weather and
increased plantings.

Turkey consumes most of its (about 90 percent) deciduous fruit
production domestically. Only a small proportion of the production (five
percent or less) is exported with Middle East and European markets as
the primary destinations. Russia is also a significant market especially
for fresh table grapes. Turkey could increase its exports if the quality
improved. Despite some improvement in recent years due to better
seedlings and production techniques, quality still remains an important
impediment to increased trade.

To protect Turkish growers, a 60.3 percent duty is applied on fresh
apple and pear imports and a 54.9 percent import duty on fresh table
grape imports from all origins.

The Turkish government does not subsidize pear or grape exports. Apple
export subsidies ceased after 2004.

\[Note: The exchange rate for USD 1.00 is approximately YTL 1.35 (or TL
1,350,000) compared to TL 1,500,000 a year ago and TL 1,380,000 two
years ago. The rate of inflation for the last twelve months was about
ten percent.\]

# Production

Turkey grows a variety of fresh deciduous fruits. Apple and pear
production, which were suffered a lot because of frosts in MY 2004, is
estimated to be normal in MY 2005 because of good weather during the
growing season.

## Apples

Apples are grown in most parts of the country with most concentrated in
the South Central Anatolia and Northern Mediterranean Regions, including
Isparta, Karaman, Nigde, Antalya, Eregli, and Denizli Provinces. About
half of the apples grown in Turkey are Red Delicious (Starking) and
about a third are Golden Delicious. Amasya variety is the primary local
variety, which constitutes about ten percent of total production. Granny
Smith, Fuji, Gala, Jonagold, and Braeburn, are quickly developing in
Turkey. In addition to a few large commercial farms, smaller farms
(about 10 hectares) are also being established in recent years. All of
these farms are using better quality seedlings and newer technology
including intensive plantings on dwarfing and intermediate vigor
rootstocks. MY 2005 production will be significantly higher than MY 2004
levels due to normal weather conditions. PSD MY 2004 production and
non-bearing tree numbers were all revised slightly downward according to
the unpublished State Institute of Statistics (SIS) data.

### Table 1. Fresh Apples, PS&D 

+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Turkey**     |       |        |       |       |     |      |     |
|                |       |        |       |       |     |      |     |
| #########      |       |        |       |       |     |      |     |
|  Apples, Fresh |       |        |       |       |     |      |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
|                | **2   | **Rev  | **2   | **    | **  | **Fo | *   |
|                | 003** | ised** | 004** | Estim | 200 | reca | *UO |
|                |       |        |       | ate** | 5** | st** | M** |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
|                | *     | **Post | *     | *     | **U | **   |     |
|                | *USDA | Es     | *USDA | *Post | SDA | Post |     |
|                | Off   | timate | Off   | Est   | Of  | Esti |     |
|                | icial | \[N    | icial | imate | fic | mate |     |
|                | \[Ol  | ew\]** | \[Ol  | \[Ne  | ial | \    |     |
|                | d\]** |        | d\]** | w\]** | \[O | [New |     |
|                |       |        |       |       | ld\ | \]** |     |
|                |       |        |       |       | ]** |      |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Market Year  |       | 0      |       | 07    |     | 07/  | M   |
| Begin**        |       | 7/2003 |       | /2004 |     | 2005 | M/Y |
|                |       |        |       |       |     |      | YYY |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Area         | 0     | 0      | 0     | 0     | 0   | 0    | HA  |
| Planted**      |       |        |       |       |     |      |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Area         | 0     | 0      | 0     | 0     | 0   | 0    | HA  |
| Harvested**    |       |        |       |       |     |      |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Bearing      | 32700 | 34000  | 32700 | 35000 | 0   | 3    | 1   |
| Trees**        |       |        |       |       |     | 5000 | 000 |
|                |       |        |       |       |     |      | TR  |
|                |       |        |       |       |     |      | EES |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Non-Bearing  | 6300  | 6300   | 6300  | 7000  | 0   | 7000 | 1   |
| Trees**        |       |        |       |       |     |      | 000 |
|                |       |        |       |       |     |      | TR  |
|                |       |        |       |       |     |      | EES |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Total        | 39000 | 40300  | 39000 | 42000 | 0   | 4    | 1   |
| Trees**        |       |        |       |       |     | 2000 | 000 |
|                |       |        |       |       |     |      | TR  |
|                |       |        |       |       |     |      | EES |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Commercial   | 26    | 2      | 23    | 21    | 0   | 250  | MT  |
| Production**   | 00000 | 600000 | 00000 | 00000 |     | 0000 |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Non-Comm.    | 0     | 0      | 0     | 0     | 0   | 0    | MT  |
| Production**   |       |        |       |       |     |      |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **TOTAL        | 26    | 2      | 23    | 21    | 0   | 250  | MT  |
| Production**   | 00000 | 600000 | 00000 | 00000 |     | 0000 |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **TOTAL        | 2540  | 2540   | 3000  | 3600  | 0   | 3000 | MT  |
| Imports**      |       |        |       |       |     |      |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **TOTAL        | 26    | 2      | 23    | 21    | 0   | 250  | MT  |
| SUPPLY**       | 02540 | 602540 | 03000 | 03600 |     | 3000 |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Domestic     | 24    | 2      | 21    | 19    | 0   | 235  | MT  |
| Fresh          | 55610 | 450520 | 78000 | 77500 |     | 3000 |     |
| Consump**      |       |        |       |       |     |      |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Exports,     | 21930 | 22020  | 15000 | 21100 | 0   | 2    | MT  |
| Fresh Only**   |       |        |       |       |     | 5000 |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **For          | 1     | 130000 | 1     | 1     | 0   | 12   | MT  |
| Processing**   | 25000 |        | 10000 | 05000 |     | 5000 |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Withdrawal   | 0     | 0      | 0     | 0     | 0   | 0    | MT  |
| From Market**  |       |        |       |       |     |      |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **TOTAL        | 26    | 2      | 23    | 21    | 0   | 250  | MT  |
| UTILIZATION**  | 02540 | 602540 | 03000 | 03600 |     | 3000 |     |
+----------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+

##  Pears

Many different varieties of pears, which are harvested and marketed in
both summer and winter, are grown in Turkey. However, the most common
varieties are Santa Maria, Cascia, Williams, Ankara, and Deveci. Similar
to apples, pears are also grown throughout the country on about 21,400
hectares, but more are concentrated in the Southern Marmara, Northern
Mediterranean, and Central Anatolia Regions, including Bursa, Yalova,
Antalya, Ankara, Konya, and Burdur Provinces. MY 2005 production is
expected to rebound from last year's low levels, which suffered from
frosts. PSD MY 2004 production and fruit bearing and nonbearing tree
numbers were all revised slightly downward according to the SIS data.

### Table 1. Fresh Pear, PS&D

+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| Turkey          |      |      |      |      |      |      |        |
|                 |      |      |      |      |      |      |        |
| Pears, Fresh    |      |      |      |      |      |      |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
|                 | **20 | **R  | **20 | **Es | **20 | **Fo | *      |
|                 | 03** | evis | 04** | tima | 05** | reca | *UOM** |
|                 |      | ed** |      | te** |      | st** |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
|                 | **   | **Po | **   | **Po | **   | **   |        |
|                 | USDA | st** | USDA | st** | USDA | Post |        |
|                 | Offi |      | Offi |      | Offi | Es   |        |
|                 | cial | **   | cial | **   | cial | tima |        |
|                 | \    | Esti | \    | Esti | \    | te** |        |
|                 | [Old | mate | [Old | mate | [Old |      |        |
|                 | \]** | \    | \]** | \    | \]** | **\  |        |
|                 |      | [New |      | [New |      | [New |        |
|                 |      | \]** |      | \]** |      | \]** |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| ######## Ma     |      | 07/  |      | 07/  |      | 07/  | M      |
| rket Year Begin |      | 2003 |      | 2004 |      | 2005 | M/YYYY |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **Area          | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | HA     |
| Planted**       |      |      |      |      |      |      |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **Area          | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | HA     |
| Harvested**     |      |      |      |      |      |      |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **Bearing       | 1    | 1    | 1    | 1    | 0    | 1    | 1000   |
| Trees**         | 0500 | 0500 | 0500 | 0500 |      | 0450 | TREES  |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **Non-Bearing   | 1950 | 1900 | 2000 | 1850 | 0    | 1800 | 1000   |
| Trees**         |      |      |      |      |      |      | TREES  |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **Total Trees** | 1    | 1    | 1    | 1    | 0    | 1    | 1000   |
|                 | 2450 | 2400 | 2500 | 2350 |      | 2250 | TREES  |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **Commercial    | 37   | 37   | 33   | 32   | 0    | 35   | MT     |
| Production**    | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 |      | 0000 |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **Non-Comm.     | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | MT     |
| Production**    |      |      |      |      |      |      |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **TOTAL         | 37   | 37   | 33   | 32   | 0    | 35   | MT     |
| Production**    | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 |      | 0000 |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **TOTAL         | 220  | 220  | 250  | 160  | 0    | 200  | MT     |
| Imports**       |      |      |      |      |      |      |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **TOTAL         | 37   | 37   | 33   | 32   | 0    | 35   | MT     |
| SUPPLY**        | 0220 | 0220 | 0250 | 0160 |      | 0200 |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **Domestic      | 33   | 34   | 30   | 30   | 0    | 32   | MT     |
| Fresh Consump** | 6790 | 2790 | 0250 | 2060 |      | 4700 |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **Exports,      | 1    | 1    | 1    | 8100 | 0    | 1    | MT     |
| Fresh Only**    | 6430 | 6430 | 5000 |      |      | 5000 |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **For           | 1    | 1    | 1    | 1    | 0    | 1    | MT     |
| Processing**    | 7000 | 1000 | 5000 | 0000 |      | 0500 |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **Withdrawal    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | 0    | MT     |
| From Market**   |      |      |      |      |      |      |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+
| **TOTAL         | 37   | 37   | 33   | 32   | 0    | 35   | MT     |
| UTILIZATION**   | 0220 | 0220 | 0250 | 0160 |      | 0200 |        |
+-----------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+--------+

##  Grapes

Grapes are grown throughout the country and they are very important
commercial crops for Turkey. This report, however, provides data only
for fresh table grapes. Almost every local region has its own variety.
Sultana grapes, which are used primarily to produce raisins, are also
being consumed as fresh table grapes (which is now estimated as fifteen
percent of total sultana production). The details of this information
are presented in the Dried Fruit Annual report (TU 4012). In recent
years, the production of higher quality table grapes through the use of
improved production techniques in orchards has been increasing. The
production data on fresh table grapes are not available in Turkey. The
only production data available is total grape production. Table grape
production is assumed to be about one half of the total grape production
by the industry sources. Total grape production is estimated to be
slightly larger in MY 2005 due to larger area and good weather during
the growing season in most regions.

### Table 1. Fresh Grape PS&D

+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| ###### Turkey   |      |       |       |       |     |      |     |
|                 |      |       |       |       |     |      |     |
| Grapes, Table,  |      |       |       |       |     |      |     |
| Fresh           |      |       |       |       |     |      |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
|                 | **20 | *     | **2   | **    | **  | **Fo | *   |
|                 | 03** | *Revi | 004** | Estim | 200 | reca | *UO |
|                 |      | sed** |       | ate** | 5** | st** | M** |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
|                 | **US | **P   | **U   | **P   | **  | **Po |     |
|                 | DA** | ost** | SDA** | ost** | USD | st** |     |
|                 |      |       |       |       | A** |      |     |
|                 | **Of | **Est | **    | **    |     | **   |     |
|                 | fici | imate | Offic | Estim | **O | Esti |     |
|                 | al** | \[Ne  | ial** | ate** | ffi | mate |     |
|                 |      | w\]** |       |       | cia | \    |     |
|                 | **\  |       | *     | *     | l** | [New |     |
|                 | [Old |       | *\[Ol | *\[Ne |     | \]** |     |
|                 | \]** |       | d\]** | w\]** | **  |      |     |
|                 |      |       |       |       | \[O |      |     |
|                 |      |       |       |       | ld\ |      |     |
|                 |      |       |       |       | ]** |      |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Market Year   |      | 01    |       | 01    |     | 01/  | M   |
| Begin**         |      | /2004 |       | /2005 |     | 2006 | M/Y |
|                 |      |       |       |       |     |      | YYY |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Area          | 26   | 2     | 2     | 2     | 0   | 27   | HA  |
| Planted**       | 0000 | 60000 | 60000 | 65000 |     | 0000 |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Area          | 26   | 2     | 2     | 2     | 0   | 27   | HA  |
| Harvested**     | 0000 | 60000 | 60000 | 65000 |     | 0000 |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Commercial    | 175  | 17    | 17    | 18    | 0   | 180  | MT  |
| Production**    | 0000 | 50000 | 50000 | 00000 |     | 0000 |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Non-Comm.     | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0   | 0    | MT  |
| Production**    |      |       |       |       |     |      |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **TOTAL         | 175  | 17    | 17    | 18    | 0   | 180  | MT  |
| Production**    | 0000 | 50000 | 50000 | 00000 |     | 0000 |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **TOTAL         | 110  | 175   | 100   | 150   | 0   | 150  | MT  |
| Imports**       |      |       |       |       |     |      |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **TOTAL         | 175  | 17    | 17    | 18    | 0   | 180  | MT  |
| SUPPLY**        | 0110 | 50175 | 50100 | 00150 |     | 0150 |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Domestic      | 156  | 15    | 15    | 16    | 0   | 164  | MT  |
| Fresh Consump** | 2610 | 90945 | 62600 | 40150 |     | 0150 |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Exports,      | 10   | 1     | 1     | 1     | 0   | 16   | MT  |
| Fresh Only**    | 0000 | 59230 | 00000 | 60000 |     | 0000 |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **For           | 8    | 0     | 87500 | 0     | 0   | 0    | MT  |
| Processing**    | 7500 |       |       |       |     |      |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **Withdrawal    | 0    | 0     | 0     | 0     | 0   | 0    | MT  |
| From Market**   |      |       |       |       |     |      |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+
| **TOTAL         | 175  | 17    | 17    | 18    | 0   | 180  | MT  |
| UTILIZATION**   | 0110 | 50175 | 50100 | 00150 |     | 0150 |     |
+-----------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-----+------+-----+

#  Consumption

## Apples

Turkey consumes about 90 percent of apples production as fresh. It
processes about five percent for juice, canned products, vinegar or
dried, and exports about one percent. The remainder is losses, which is
added into domestic consumption. The apple harvest starts in early
September and prices vary a lot due to the supply and location. Newly
harvested apples have recently begun to enter the market. Their prices
currently are in between YTL 1.00 (or about USD 0.75) per kilogram and
YTL 2.00 (or about USD 1.50) per kilogram depending upon the quality and
location in the weekly open markets and local grocery stores in Ankara.
Turkish people prefer medium-sized apples weighing approximately one
kilo for 6. Turkish people prefer Red Delicious at the beginning of the
season, but have a preference for Golden Delicious after the New Year.
Cold storage facilities, however, allow most apples to be marketed
during most of the year. Amasya apples can be marketed longer without
being stored in the cold storage facilities. Per capita apple
consumption is very high and is estimated at approximately 30 kilograms
depending upon the overall supply.

## Pears

Turkey also consumes about 90 percent of pears as fresh. It processes
about two to three percent, primarily for canning, three to five percent
is exported and the remainder is losses, which is added in to the
domestic consumption. Pear prices are currently around YTL 1.00 (or
about USD 0.75) per kilogram and YTL 2.00 (or about USD 1.50) per
kilogram depending upon the quality and location of the weekly open
markets or grocery stores. Per capita pear consumption is estimated
about 4 or 5 kilograms primarily depending upon the supply.

## Grapes

Most grapes grown in Turkey are consumed fresh. They are also dried as
raisins (for both domestic and exports markets) and used to produce wine
(which is growing fast in recent years) and raki (a largely consumed
local alcoholic drink). Industry sources estimate that about one half of
Turkey's grape production is consumed as fresh table grapes, about 35 -
40 percent is dried (including seedless sultana and all other grapes),
and about 10 - 15 percent is processed, primarily for wine. Grapes are
also processed for producing raki, juice, and vinegar in much smaller
quantities. Of that one half, which is consumed as table grapes, about
85 percent is consumed as fresh, about 8 - 10 percent is exported and
the remainder is estimated as losses, which is added in to the domestic
consumption. PSD domestic consumption data represents fresh table grape
consumption plus losses. Currently, retail fresh table grape prices vary
from YTL 1.00 (or about USD 0.75) per kilogram to YTL 2.00 (or about USD
1.50) per kilogram depending upon the variety and location of the weekly
open markets or grocery stores in Ankara. Processing category has been
revised as zero since this report focuses entirely on fresh fruit.

# Trade

Turkey exports only a small amount of its deciduous fruit production,
even though Europe, Russia, and Middle East are significant markets.
This may be attributed to the cost of production, insufficient
standardization of the fruits, and shortage of the varieties desired by
importing countries. Saudi Arabia is the leading market for apples and
pears while Russia import fresh table grape exports. Iraq has also
become a significant market, especially for apples, recently. Total
revenues from apple exports were USD 11,558,000 in MY 2003 and USD
9,107,000 in MY 2004. Similarly Turkey made revenues USD 11,154,000 and
USD 6,650,000 of pears exports, respectively. Revenues from fresh table
grape exports were totaled USD 81,704,000 in 2004 and USD 679,000 during
the first six months in 2005.

### 

### Table 1. Fresh Apples, Export Trade Matrix 

+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Turkey              |            |                    |             |
|                     |            |                    |             |
| Apples, Fresh       |            |                    |             |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Time Period         | July -     | Units:             | Metric Tons |
|                     | June       |                    |             |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Exports for:        | 2003       |                    | **2004**    |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| U.S.                |            | U.S.               |             |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Others              |            | Others             |             |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Saudi Arabia        | 9026       | Iraq               | 6945        |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Jordan              | 2711       | Saudi Arabia       | 6906        |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Northern Cyprus     | 2257       | Egypt              | 2592        |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Egypt               | 1938       | Northern Cyprus    | 1816        |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Iraq                | 1681       | Romania            | 610         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Greece              | 658        | Jordan             | 526         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| United Arab Em.     | 516        | Russia             | 285         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Romania             | 330        | United Arab Em.    | 219         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Kuwait              | 291        | Kuwait             | 185         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Germany             | 188        | Oman               | 120         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Total for Others    | 19596      |                    | 20204       |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Others not Listed   | 2420       |                    | 897         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Grand Total         | 22016      |                    | 21101       |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+

### 

### Table 2. Fresh Apples, Import Trade Matrix

+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Turkey              |            |                    |             |
|                     |            |                    |             |
| Apples, Fresh       |            |                    |             |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Time Period         | July -     | Units:             | Metric Tons |
|                     | June       |                    |             |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Imports for:        | 2003       |                    | **2004**    |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| U.S.                |            | U.S.               | 57          |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Others              |            | Others             |             |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Chile               | 1864       | Chile              | 2182        |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Italy               | 462        | Italy              | 743         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| France              | 150        | France             | 252         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Jordan              | 22         | Argentina          | 166         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Argentina           | 18         | South Africa       | 54          |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Greece              | 15         | Northern Cyprus    | 44          |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Saudi Arabia        | 11         | China              | 40          |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
|                     |            | Greece             | 39          |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
|                     |            | Netherlands        | 19          |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
|                     |            | Saudi Arabia       | 4           |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Total for Others    | 2542       |                    | 3543        |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Others not Listed   |            |                    |             |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Grand Total         | 2542       |                    | 3600        |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+

# 

### Table 3. Fresh Pear, Export Trade Matrix

+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Turkey              |            |                    |             |
|                     |            |                    |             |
| Pears, Fresh        |            |                    |             |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Time Period         | July -     | Units:             | Metric Tons |
|                     | June       |                    |             |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Exports for:        | 2003       |                    | **2004**    |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| U.S.                |            | U.S.               |             |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Others              |            | Others             |             |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Saudi Arabia        | 3984       | Saudi Arabia       | 1882        |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Germany             | 3213       | Germany            | 1675        |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Greece              | 1706       | Romania            | 784         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Netherlands         | 1250       | Netherlands        | 779         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Russia              | 1093       | Northern Cyprus    | 570         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Romania             | 687        | Greece             | 491         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Northern Cyprus     | 644        | Macedonia          | 344         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Serbia-Blackm.      | 545        | Russia             | 330         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| United Arab Em.     | 422        | Austria            | 198         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Austria             | 323        | United Kingdom     | 174         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Total for Others    | 13867      |                    | 7227        |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Others not Listed   | 2605       |                    | 808         |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Grand Total         | 16472      |                    | 8035        |
+---------------------+------------+--------------------+-------------+

### 

### Table 4. Fresh Pear, Import Trade Matrix 

+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Turkey               |              |                |              |
|                      |              |                |              |
| Pears, Fresh         |              |                |              |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Time Period          | July -- June | Units:         | Metric Tons  |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Imports for:         | 2003         |                | **2004**     |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| U.S.                 |              | U.S.           |              |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Others               |              | Others         |              |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Chile                | 115          | Argentina      | 68           |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| South Africa         | 38           | South Africa   | 42           |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Argentina            | 33           | Chile          | 30           |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Croatia              | 17           | Israel         | 16           |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Israel               | 15           | Saudi Arabia   | 2            |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
|                      |              |                |              |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
|                      |              |                |              |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Total for Others     | 218          |                | 158          |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Others not Listed    | 4            |                |              |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Grand Total          | 222          |                | 158          |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+

### 

### Table 5. Fresh Table Grapes, Export Trade Matrix 

+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Turkey             |            |                  |                |
|                    |            |                  |                |
| Grapes, Table,     |            |                  |                |
| Fresh              |            |                  |                |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Time Period        | Jan. -     | Units:           | Metric Tons    |
|                    | Dec.       |                  |                |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Exports for:       | 2004       | Jan. -- June     | **2005**       |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| U.S.               |            | U.S.             |                |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Others             |            | Others           |                |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Russia             | 85326      | Russia           | 736            |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Germany            | 25923      | Romania          | 149            |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Saudi Arabia       | 10989      | Albania          | 38             |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Austria            | 9009       | Saudi Arabia     | 32             |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Netherlands        | 8942       | Latvia           | 18             |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Romania            | 4382       | Germany          | 18             |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Belarus            | 2765       | Sweden           | 17             |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Latvia             | 2107       | Serbia-Blackm.   | 14             |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| United Kingdom     | 1623       | Austria          | 13             |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Poland             | 1405       | Iraq             | 13             |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Total for Others   | 152471     |                  | 1048           |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Others not Listed  | 6757       |                  | 154            |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+
| Grand Total        | 159228     |                  | 1202           |
+--------------------+------------+------------------+----------------+

### Table 6. Fresh Table Grapes, Import Trade Matrix

+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
| Turkey         |               |                   |               |
|                |               |                   |               |
| Grapes, Table, |               |                   |               |
| Fresh          |               |                   |               |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
| Time Period    | Jan. - Dec.   | Units:            | Metric Tons   |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
| Imports for:   | 2004          | Jan. - June       | **2005**      |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
| U.S.           |               | U.S.              |               |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
| Others         |               | Others            |               |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
| Northern       | 54            | Chile             | 85            |
| Cyprus         |               |                   |               |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
| South Africa   | 54            | South Africa      | 36            |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
| Chile          | 53            | Argentina         | 3             |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
| Saudi Arabia   | 15            |                   |               |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
|                |               |                   |               |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
|                |               |                   |               |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
| Total for      | 176           |                   | 124           |
| Others         |               |                   |               |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
| Others not     |               |                   |               |
| Listed         |               |                   |               |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+
| Grand Total    | 176           |                   | 124           |
+----------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+

# 

# Stocks

Almost all apples, pears, and grapes are stored in climate-controlled
storage facilities and sold throughout the year.

# Policy

The government has not provided any price support for pears or table
grapes in recent years. The government used to announce a support on
apple exports in the past (about USD 40 per MT), but did not announce
any in 2005.

The duties, which were announced on January 1, 2004, for imports of
fresh apples, pears, and table grapes are also applied in 2005.

+---------------------+---------------+--------------+----------------+
| **Product**         | **Tariff      | ####### Duty | **Affective    |
|                     | Code**        |              | Date**         |
+---------------------+---------------+--------------+----------------+
| Fresh Apples        | 0808.10       | 60.3         | January 1,     |
|                     |               |              | 2004           |
+---------------------+---------------+--------------+----------------+
| Fresh Pears         | 0808.20.10 &  | 60.3         | January 1,     |
|                     | 0808.20.50    |              | 2004           |
+---------------------+---------------+--------------+----------------+
| Fresh Table Grapes  | 0806.10       | 54.9         | January 1,     |
|                     |               |              | 2004           |
+---------------------+---------------+--------------+----------------+

# 

# Marketing

Fresh deciduous fruits are sold domestically or exported through private
traders and specialized marketing cooperatives.