Required Report - Public distribution

**Date:** 9/21/2007

**GAIN Report Number:** LH7004

LH7004

**Lithuania**

**Exporter Guide**

**Baltic States - Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia**

**2007**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Kate Snipes

U.S. Embassy

**Prepared by:**

Kate Snipes, Jolanta Figurska, Natalia Koniuszewska, Piotr Rucinski

**Report Highlights:**

Exporters who are interested in the Lithuanian, Estonian or Latvian
markets should consider both the opportunities in this \$159 million
dollar export market, as well as the challenges that a U.S. exporter
faces in light of EU membership. The Baltic States\' retail and HRI
sectors present opportunities for U.S. exporters of high value products.
In addition, the region\'s expanding food processing sector also
provides opportunities for U.S. suppliers of a wide variety of inputs.

Includes PSD Changes: No

Includes Trade Matrix: No

Annual Report

Warsaw \[PL1\]

\[LH\]

Table of Contents

[**Section I: Market Overview 3**](#section-i-market-overview)

[Current economic conditions 3](#current-economic-conditions)

[Information for the Baltic States Region -- 2006\*
3](#information-for-the-baltic-states-region-2006)

[Country 3](#country-1)

[Lithuania 4](#lithuania)

[Estonia 4](#estonia)

[Latvia 5](#latvia)

[U.S. exporter opportunities 6](#u.s.-exporter-opportunities)

[Advantages and Challenges of the Baltic States Market for U.S.
Exporters
7](#advantages-and-challenges-of-the-baltic-states-market-for-u.s.-exporters)

[Section II. EXPORTER BUSINESS TIPS - Entering the Baltic Market,
Customs and Terms
7](#section-ii.-exporter-business-tips---entering-the-baltic-market-customs-and-terms)

[Section III. Market Sector Structure and Trends
8](#section-iii.-market-sector-structure-and-trends)

[Wholesale Sector 8](#wholesale-sector)

[Retail Sector 8](#retail-sector)

[Food Processing Sector 8](#food-processing-sector)

[Hotel, Restaurant & Institutional Sector
9](#hotel-restaurant-institutional-sector)

[Section IV. BEST HIGH-VALUE PRODUCT PROSPECTS
10](#section-iv.-best-high-value-product-prospects)

[Section V. Key Contacts and Further Information
10](#section-v.-key-contacts-and-further-information)

[Appendix 1. Statistics 11](#appendix-1.-statistics)

[A. KEY TRADE & DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION -- Figures averaged when needed
for all three Baltic Countries.
11](#a.-key-trade-demographic-information-figures-averaged-when-needed-for-all-three-baltic-countries.)

[B. BALTIC CONSUMER FOOD & EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCT IMPORTS
12](#b.-baltic-consumer-food-edible-fishery-product-imports)

[C. TOP 15 SUPPLIERS OF CONSUMER FOODS & EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS
12](#c.-top-15-suppliers-of-consumer-foods-edible-fishery-products)

[Lithuania 12](#lithuania-1)

[Latvia 13](#latvia-1)

[Estonia 13](#estonia-1)

# Section I: Market Overview

## Current economic conditions

The Baltic States have developed rapidly since their independence from
the Soviet Union in 1994 with the development of modern banking and
finance, and free markets for real estate and business services. The
retail and wholesale trade also grew rapidly in the region. The
privatization of small and medium state-owned companies and a liberal
law regarding the establishment of new firms encouraged the development
of the private business sector. In addition all three Baltic States
became members of the European Union in May of 2004, which opened up a
wide range of trade and export opportunities. EU membership also
provides all three Baltic States with substantial financial assistance
that is assisting in further modernization and growth. Approximately
one-third of the EU budget is spent on developing environmental,
transport, tourism, medical, and IT infrastructure in less developed
areas of the 27 member states. The Baltic States are expected to receive
several billion dollars from the EU in structural and other funds
for implementation of a variety of infrastructure projects, which could
attract further foreign investment to the region.

Rapid development of the Baltic Region economy is partly due to a number
of international (mainly Scandinavian and German) companies relocating
their operations to the region and international interest in usage of
regional ports (Klaipeda in Lithuania, Tallin in Estonia, Ventspils and
Riga in Latvia). Poultry shipments from the United States also transit
these ports for transhipments send to countries further East.

The average annual GDP growth rate in the region in 2006 was 10 percent
and some of the leading international financial institutions and rating
agencies express concerns about inflationary pressures in the booming
economies in the region in future years.

+-------------------+-----------------+---------------+---------------+
| ###               |                 |               |               |
|  Information for  |                 |               |               |
| the Baltic States |                 |               |               |
|  Region -- 2006\* |                 |               |               |
+-------------------+-----------------+---------------+---------------+
| ### Cou           | **Estonia**     | **Latvia**    | **Lithuania** |
| ntry {#country-1} |                 |               |               |
+-------------------+-----------------+---------------+---------------+
| Population        | 1.3 mln         | 2.2 mln       | 3.5 mln       |
+-------------------+-----------------+---------------+---------------+
| GDP in USD        | 13.89 billion   | 16.5 billion  | 30.2 billion  |
|                   | (est.)          | (est.)        | (est.)        |
+-------------------+-----------------+---------------+---------------+
| GDP Growth        | 9.8%            | 11.90%        | 7.50%         |
+-------------------+-----------------+---------------+---------------+
| GDP Per Capita    | \$9,936         | \$8,550       | \$8,899       |
+-------------------+-----------------+---------------+---------------+
| Inflation         | 4.40%           | 7.00%         | 3.80%         |
+-------------------+-----------------+---------------+---------------+
| Unemployment      | 4.50%           | 6.50%         | 3.70%         |
+-------------------+-----------------+---------------+---------------+

\*Source: National Statistical Offices of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania,
Data from Ministries of Economy

#### Lithuania

**Economic Situation:** Lithuania's per capita income is estimated at
\$8,899. Gross domestic product growth in 2006 was 7.4 percent. Strong
domestic consumption and exports, particularly to other EU markets, were
important drivers behind this growth. Foreign direct investment reached
\$11 billion in 2006. The United States is Lithuania's eleventh largest
investor with total investments amounting to \$257 million in 2006.
Unemployment remains a moderate level of 5.7 percent.

**Trade Situation:** Lithuania is a net exporter of food products.
Lithuania's major agricultural exports include prepared foodstuffs and
products of animal origin (milk, dairy products incl. cheese), and fish
and fish products. Major imports include fresh fruits (citrus fruits,
bananas, grapes) and nuts (incl. almonds), non-alcoholic beverages and
drinks, oil, meat, sugar and confectionary, coffee, tea and spices. In
2006 Lithuania's food exports amounted to \$1.9 billion, with over \$10
million products being exported to the United States. In 2006
Lithuania's food imports amounted to \$1.8 billion, with over \$115\*
million products originating from the United States. Major U.S.
agricultural exports to Lithuania include tree nuts, seafood (surimi),
hardwood lumber and tobacco. It is important to note that poultry
transshipments constitute as much as 43 percent of the U.S. agro-food
exports to Lithuania. Lithuania's main trading partners are other EU
member states, especially Germany, France, Italy, the UK. In the long
run, U.S. high quality, consumer-ready products could benefit from
rising local incomes, increased dining out and ongoing modernization of
the hotel, restaurant and retail food sectors. The challenges of
marketing food products in any EU country are significant, however, and
Lithuania is no exception.

\* U.S. Customs Statistics (\$51.3 million in destination data,
difference is transshipments)

**Agricultural Situation:** Lithuania's agricultural land amounts to
3.96 mln ha. Agriculture accounts for about 16 percent of the employment
with over 76 thousand farmers. Average farm size is almost 25 acres (10
ha) compared to the U.S. average of 180 hectares (440 acres).
Agriculture generates about 6 percent of GDP. Lithuania's major crops
are barley, wheat, potatoes, rye and rapeseed. Livestock consists mainly
of hogs, dairy cattle and poultry.

EU accession in May 2004 began a new era for Lithuanian agriculture,
primarily in the form of direct payments and rural development program
funds. The EU Support Plan for Rural Development 2007-2013 ditects \$2.3
billion to Lithuania. EU funding has allowed local companies to
modernize and improve their competitiveness in part by improving the
quality and variety of their food products. EU membership is the engine
behind Lithuania's trade growth with other EU member states as well as
increased exports to the United States.

Accession is expected to eventually lead to farm consolidations and
greater productivity from economies of scale. Food processing facilities
will continue to modernize and agricultural trade with other EU members
will continue to grow. But, the transition will not be easy. The
government is committed to maintaining Lithuania's "rural heritage" and
special emphasis is being placed on growth of organic production.

#### 

#### Estonia 

**Economic Situation:** Estonia\'s liberal economic policies and
macroeconomic stability have fostered exceptionally strong growth and
better living standards than those of most new EU member states.
Estonia's per capita income is estimated at \$9,936. Gross domestic
product growth in 2006 was 9.8 percent. According to the spring economic
outlook presented by EU commissioner for economic and monetary affairs,
the Estonia's economy will grow 8.7 percent in 2007 and the inflation
will be 5.1 percent. In 2008, Estonian economy would grow 8.2 percent
with inflation holding at about 5 percent.

**Trade Situation:** Estonia is a net importer, recording a trade
deficit of \$3.8 billion in 2006. Estonia's exports increased 24 percent
in 2006 from a year earlier, to a record \$9.5 billion. Estonia's main
trading partners are other EU member states, especially Finland, Sweden,
Latvia, and Germany. Russia and the United States are the major trade
partners from outside of the EU. Overall, Estonia ran a trade deficit of
\$3.6 billion with EU Member States in 2006. Estonia enjoyed a positive
balance of trade with the United States. In 2006, imports from the
United States totaled \$156 million, or 1.6 percent of total Estonian
imports, while exports reached \$518 million.

Estonia is a net importer of food products. In 2006, agricultural
imports worth \$978 million exceeded the value of exports, which
amounted to \$696 million (excluding wood). Wood and wood product
exports, which dominate Estonia's agricultural exports, totaled \$626
million in 2006. The most significant agricultural imports included
beverages, meat products, fresh and preserved fruits and vegetables,
coffee, tea, cotton and animal feed. In 2006, almost 90 percent of
Estonian food imports were sourced in the EU. The EU accounted for 64
percent of Estonia's food and agricultural products exports, mainly
dairy products and fish preparations.

Estonia's alignment with EU tariffs and regulations disadvantages U.S.
agricultural exports. In 2006, U.S. agricultural exports to Estonia
(including fish and forestry products) totaled \$15.7 million. Major
U.S. exports are cotton, fish, dried fruit, nuts, wines, and liquors.
U.S. imports of agricultural products and fish from Estonia totaled
\$5.8 million in 2006, and included beverages, frozen fish and fish
preparations. In addition, the United States imported Estonian wood
products valued at \$23 million.

**Agricultural Situation:** In 2006, agriculture consisted of 3 percent
of the GDP. Due its small size and relatively high latitude with a short
growing season, Estonian agricultural production is small. Total area of
arable land is 433,100 hectares. Total number of farm holdings is
27,750. Average farm size is 22 hectares (55 acres) compared to the U.S.
average of 180 hectares (440 acres). Agriculture accounts for about 5
percent of employment. Winter wheat and rye are major crops along with
potatoes, carrots, onions, apples, and berries. Cattle are raised for
dairy and meat. As a result of EU accession and the implementation of
CAP, Estonian farmers receive EU funding for area based direct payments
and rural development programs.

#### 

#### 

#### Latvia

Economic situation: Latvia is among the European countries with the most
rapid growth rate. High domestic demand (private consumption and
investments) combined with the ability of Latvian enterprises to find
new export markets have led to this rapid growth over recent years. In
2006, GDP increased by 11.9 percent. Agriculture accounts for 4.4
percent of GDP. Direct foreign investment in Latvia totaled US\$7.6
billion and represented 29.8 percent of GDP at the end of 2006. Swedish
and German investors accounted for the largest shares -- 15 percent and
11 percent respectively. U.S. companies accounted for 6.9 percent (\$272
million), with investments primarily in real estate, transport and
logistics. Major U.S. companies investing in Latvian agriculture, food
and forest industries are Kellogg's, Coca-Cola and McDonalds.

**Trade Situation:** Latvia's Baltic Sea ports are vital for economic
development. Latvia has the fastest foreign trade growth of the Baltic
countries. Key Latvian exports include sawn timber and wood products,
textiles, seafood and dairy products. Latvia's main trading partner is
the EU, accounting for 71 percent of Latvia's exports and 76 percent of
its imports. Latvian agricultural exports reached \$2.2 billion in 2006,
accounting for about 36 percent of total Latvian exports, while
agricultural imports totaled \$1.5 billion. The main Latvian export
commodities are wood and wood products with 63 percent share in all
agricultural exports in 2006 (\$1.4 billion). Processed food constitutes
the next major category with 13 percent share in total exports (\$431
million, although the import of prepared food was 2.5 times higher).
Exports of fish and seafood products are about \$157 million (and the
U.S., after Russia and Estonia, is a leader in purchasing Latvian fish
products which valued \$22 million in 2006). The value of exported grain
was \$51 million, while exported in 2006 dairy products were valued
\$126 million. The main products imported to Latvia are consumer
oriented products (\$366 million), wine (\$133 million), meat products
(\$106 million in 2006), fresh fruits (\$80 million), fruit and
vegetable products (\$63 million - Poland and Lithuania being the
biggest suppliers), and fresh vegetables (\$41 million).

**Agricultural Situation**: The land area under agricultural cultivation
in Latvia amounts to about 2.52 million ha (39 percent of its total land
area). Agricultural production in Latvia is conducted by a large number
of small farms. The main products of Latvian agriculture are milk, meat,
grains, sugar beets and vegetables. With the exception of sugar beets,
however, agricultural production has dropped substantially following the
end of the Soviet era in the early 1990's. As a result of EU accession
and implementation of CAP, Latvia began receiving EU funding for direct
payments at 25 percent of the level paid in the EU-15 states in 2004,
with full 100 percent payment expected to be phased in by 2013.

## U.S. exporter opportunities

Exporters who are interested in the Baltic State's market should
consider both the opportunities given Baltic State's relatively large
population of young, educated consumers, as well as the challenges that
a U.S. exporter faces in light of the EU membership. In general, the
population of the Baltic States views the United States positively and
U.S. products are considered to be of high quality. In addition, a
product that has been imported into the EU can be transported to the
Baltic States without additional tariffs and without meeting many
additional regulatory requirements aside from labeling. The Baltic
States present opportunities for U.S. exporters of high value products,
such as seafood, wine, dried fruits and nuts, grapefruit and wood
products. Select opportunities also exist in food processing and
catering industries, which are increasingly interested in importing
processed fruits and vegetables, and baking ingredients such as baking
mixes and fats. As these markets continues to develop, more
sophisticated products such as energy drinks are also finding their
place on the market. Most of the opportunities for U.S. products are in
urban areas where consumers have larger disposable incomes and are
interested in imported products. In summary, the Baltic States do
provide advantages to exporters with the right product who are willing
to invest in market research and product positioning, and who have
located the right importer.

Entry of the Baltic States into the EU has resulted in lowered tariffs
on some U.S. products, which has expanded market growth potential in
some areas such as wines, grapefruit, and dried fruits and nuts. Other
products are subject to new EU sanitary restrictions that prohibit their
sale in Baltic States almost entirely, such as poultry and beef.

## Advantages and Challenges of the Baltic States Market for U.S. Exporters

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **Advantages**                    | **Challenges**                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Rapidly developing consumer       | U.S. products face high           |
| market of 7 million people.       | transportation costs as compared  |
|                                   | to many European competitors.     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| A strategic location offering     | Complicated system of product     |
| re-export potential to The        | registration in some cases        |
| Russian Federation, Ukraine and   | delaying or even preventing the   |
| the Balkans.                      | product from entering the Baltic  |
|                                   | States' market.                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Transshipment from other EU       | Baltic States' EU Accession puts  |
| countries of import now possible  | United States products at a       |
| with Baltic's EU integration.     | competitive disadvantage versus   |
|                                   | EU-27 duty-free EU internally     |
|                                   | traded products.                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| A very productive, young and      | Despite rising incomes, consumers |
| skilled labor force therefore,    | in the Baltic States indicate     |
| good potential for finding        | that price is still the primary   |
| trading partners and favorable    | purchasing factor for food and    |
| conditions for establishing joint | beverage products in at least 75  |
| ventures.                         | percent or more of their retail   |
|                                   | food purchases.                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Local consumers associate United  | []{.mark}                         |
| States products with good         |                                   |
| quality.                          | Food recalls in the EU have had a |
|                                   | negative impact on Baltic States  |
|                                   | consumers views of imported       |
|                                   | products, and GMO issues hamper   |
|                                   | imports of United States          |
|                                   | products.                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| []{.mark}                         | Foreign investment in the Baltic  |
|                                   | States food processing industry   |
| Market niches exist in consumer   | results in local production of    |
| ready food products - i.e. dried  | many high quality products that   |
| fruits, nuts, wines, and          | were previously imported.         |
| microwavable products.            |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Economic growth has been rising   | European exporters tend to offer  |
| and the U.S. dollar's             | credit term (30-90 days)          |
| depreciation makes U.S. imports   | payments; while many of the U.S.  |
| more affordable.                  | exporters require pre- payment.   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

# Section II. EXPORTER BUSINESS TIPS - Entering the Baltic Market, Customs and Terms

The best way to understand the Baltic States market is to visit and
speak to importers and distributors in order to prepare the best entry
strategy for your product. Personal contact is considered very important
when conducting business in the Baltic States. Most purchases are made
after meeting an exporter or their representative in person. English is
more and more common as the language of commerce, but it is important to
check in advance to see if translation services are necessary. It is
customary for business people in the Baltic States to shake hands upon
meeting. An American businesswoman should not be surprised if the Baltic
States businessman kisses her hand upon greeting or saying goodbye.
Business cards are the norm in the Baltic States and are generally given
to each person at a meeting; therefore U.S. visitors should bring plenty
of business cards to a meeting, although cards printed in local
languages of the Baltic States are not necessary. Business attire is
formal, including a suit and tie for men and a suit or dress for women.

The concept that "time is money" should be left in the United States
when developing relationships with potential importers in the Baltic
States. Though the Baltic States businesses are also conscious of the
bottom line, courtesy and non-business conversations are important prior
to getting "down to business." In addition, if a Baltic States client
visits you in the United States, some hospitality, such as a meal is
considered appropriate, and you will be accorded similar treatment while
visiting the Baltic States.

Advertising in the Baltic States is important for acceptance for new
products. Television, though the most expensive venue, is the best of
these mediums in the Baltic States with products advertised through
television promotions showing the greatest sales growth of all
advertised products. Billboards and in-store promotions are also proving
very effective. Promotions on products, such as in-store sampling, have
been shown to influence the purchases of 50 percent of adult customers
in the Baltic States.

Many Baltic States importers expect terms-of-credit for 30 to 90 days
for imports. These are considered standard and are offered by many
exporters from competing countries.

Technical regulations including documentation, sanitary and
phytosanitary requirements and labeling have changed since Baltic
States\' EU-27 accession. Most of the requirements were amended in order
to reflect EU regulations. For detailed information on product import
requirements please refer to USDA/FAS/Brussels Office's web site at:

<http://useu.usmission.gov/agri>

# Section III. Market Sector Structure and Trends

#### Wholesale Sector

The wholesale market has changed over the last several years and is
marked by consolidation, an increase in the market power of large
buyers, an increase of companies with national coverage, and closer
linkages between wholesalers and retailers.

Baltic States' wholesale market has the following categories:
international chains, national chains, regional chains, regional
wholesalers, local wholesalers, and buying groups. The International
chains, mostly Scandinavian are likely to dominate the markets in the
future. The national chains operate branches in individual countries
(Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia). The regional chains located in individual
countries are territorial usually cover several provinces. Regional
wholesalers have a strong presence in local markets and offer a wide
range of products and greater service, and supply mainly smaller
retailers. Local wholesalers are feeling the pressure of the larger
firms in the industry so now primarily deal in cash and carry. Buying
groups operate in several market segments and are increasing their
integration with specific retailers.

#### Retail Sector

The distribution system for consumer ready food products, as with all
other branches of the Baltic States economy, is still undergoing a rapid
transformation. It should be noted that despite many obstacles including
the high cost of credit, high store rents, and complaints of late
payments by retailers, it remains one of the most dynamic and fastest
growing areas of the Baltic economy. The retail sector in the Baltic
States is very diversified. It ranges from small family operated stores,
through medium sized stores to large distribution centers which can be
easily compared with those found in the Scandinavian countries (RIMI
chain operating in all three Baltic States).

#### Food Processing Sector

The food processing sector in many ways reflects the development of the
Baltic States economy since the fall of communism. The sector is varied
with both domestic and international companies represented on the
market. There are also a number of small companies operating in the
fruit, vegetable, meat processing, and baking sectors located throughout
Baltic States. The most important sectors of the food processing
industry are dairy, confectionery, bakery, cereal, alcohol, sugar,
fruits and vegetables, juices and non-alcoholic beverages production.
The proportion of food industry products considered to be value-added is
constantly increasing.

#### Hotel, Restaurant & Institutional Sector

Population of the Baltic States continues to prefer to dine at home
rather than in restaurants, but this concept is slowly changing
especially among the younger segments of the population. Today the
variety and sheer number of restaurants reflects the changing
demographics in the Baltic States. In the past, primarily foreigners or
government officials frequented restaurants and the majority of these
restaurants were found in hotels.

With longer working hours, eating habits have also been altered and
eating out is common. Italian, Chinese, Mexican, Indian and local
restaurants can be found in almost every larger city. In addition, many
of the international hotel chains such as the Radisson are present in
the region. Sheraton is planning to open its first Latvian Hotel in Riga
in 2010. Many local entrepreneurs are investing heavily in this sector
as well.

Several of the larger domestic producers have set up separate
distribution channels especially for this sector. While all the other
sectors of the Baltic States food distribution are already very
competitive, HRI still provides excellent opportunities for growth. An
HRI-targeted promotion campaign may offer U.S. exporters good
opportunities for sales to the Baltic States.

# Section IV. BEST HIGH-VALUE PRODUCT PROSPECTS 

Select high value product imports have recorded strong growth in recent
years led by seafood products, nuts and dried fruits, and alcohol.
FAS/Warsaw would recommend the following products as best prospects for
the Baltic Region markets:

-   Seafood (incl. surimi, salmon)

-   Almonds (shelled)

-   Wine

-   Bourbon

-   Grapefruit

-   Prunes

-   Pistachios

-   Peanuts

-   Sunflower seeds

# Section V. Key Contacts and Further Information 

One of the goals of the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) office in
Warsaw is to assist in the market development and promotion of U.S. food
and agricultural products in the Baltic States. There are a wide variety
of ways in which to approach the Baltic States market and many key
contacts such as importers, distributors, and retailers. Please contact
FAS Warsaw if you would like additional information on the Baltic
State's market if your company is interested in selling U.S. food and
beverage products to Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia.

**Staff contacts for marketing**:

Jolanta Figurska, Marketing Specialist

Office of Agricultural Affairs

U.S. Embassy

Al. Ujazdowskie 29/31

00-540 Warsaw, Poland

**Telephone number:** 011-48-22-504-2336

**Fax number:** 011-48-22-504-2320

**E-mail inquires:** agwarsaw@usda.gov, jolanta.figurska@usda.gov

**Web page:** http://poland.usembassy.gov/poland/agric.html

# Appendix 1. Statistics

## A. KEY TRADE & DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION -- Figures averaged when needed for all three Baltic Countries.

+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Agricultural Imports From All Countries (\$Mil)/U.S.  | \$2.300      |
| Market Share (%)[^1]                                  | mln/2%       |
+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Consumer Food Imports From All Countries (\$Mil)/U.S. | \$1.050      |
| Market Share (%)                                      | mln/1%       |
+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Edible Fishery Imports From All Countries             | []{.mark}    |
| (\$Mil)/U.S. Market Share (%)                         |              |
|                                                       | \$170 mln/7% |
+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Total Population (Millions)/Annual Growth Rate (%)    | 7 mln/-0.51% |
+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Urban Population (Millions)/Annual Growth Rate (%)    | 4.1 mln/0.2% |
+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Number of Major Metropolitan Areas[^2]                | 2            |
+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Size of the Middle Class (Millions)/Growth Rate       | 0.7 mln/0.1% |
| (%)[^3]                                               |              |
+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Gross Domestic Product (current growth, 2006)         | 10%          |
+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Unemployment Rate (2006)                              | 4.9%         |
+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Average Monthly Food Expenditures, USD                | \$275        |
+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| \% of Employed Females[^4]                            | 47           |
+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Exchange Rate (US\$1, average 2006)                   | Lithuania -- |
|                                                       | Litai 2.74   |
|                                                       |              |
|                                                       | Estonia --   |
|                                                       | Krooni 2.47  |
|                                                       |              |
|                                                       | Latvia --    |
|                                                       | Lati 0.55    |
+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------+

##  B. BALTIC CONSUMER FOOD & EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCT IMPORTS

  ------------------------ ----------- ---------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ------------
                           **Imports                           **Imports                           **U.S.                
                           from the                            from the                            Market                
                           World**                             U.S.**                              Share**               

  ** **                    **2002**    **2003**   **2004\***   **2002**    **2003**   **2004\***   **2002**   **2003**   **2004\***

  **CONSUMER-ORIENTED\     1,046       1,390      1,050        20          30         13           2%         2%         1%
  AGRICULTURAL TOTAL**                                                                                                   

  Snack Foods (Excl.       77          106        93           1           1          1            0.07%      0.08%      0.03%
  Nuts)                                                                                                                  

  Breakfast Cereals &      13          13         10           1           1          1            0.02%      0.07%      0.11%
  Pancake Mix                                                                                                            

  Red Meats,               51          68         69           1           1          0            0.28%      0.12%      0%
  Fresh/Chilled/Frozen                                                                                                   

  Red Meats,               20          22         14           1           0          0            0.14%      0%         0%
  Prepared/Preserved                                                                                                     

  Poultry Meat             48          59         41           8           12         3            18%        20%        8%

  Dairy Products (Excl.    55          87         37           1           6          1            2%         6%         0.69%
  Cheese)                                                                                                                

  Cheese                   21          26         16           1           0          0            0.00%      0%         0%

  Eggs & Products          5           9          6            0           1          1            0%         0.02%      0.03%

  Fresh Fruit              127         169        130          1           1          1            0.04%      0.11%      0.08%

  Fresh Vegetables         55          72         63           1           1          1            0.02%      0.02%      0.01%

  Processed Fruit &        86          119        86           1           1          1            1%         0.94%      0.80%
  Vegetables                                                                                                             

  Fruit & Vegetable        20          34         20           1           1          1            0.79%      0.42%      0.14%
  Juices                                                                                                                 

  Tree Nuts                14          17         17           3           4          4            22%        20%        21%

  Wine & Beer              72          92         81           1           1          1            0.74%      0.94%      1%

  Nursery Products & Cut   21          26         24           1           1          1            0.43%      0.48%      0.23%
  Flowers                                                                                                                

  Pet Foods (Dog & Cat     22          30         21           1           1          1            3%         3%         0.50%
  Food)                                                                                                                  

  Other Consumer-Oriented  339         441        323          5           6          4            2%         1%         1%
  Products                                                                                                               

  **FISH & SEAFOOD         168         168        165          15          19         11           9%         9%         7%
  PRODUCTS**                                                                                                             

  Salmon                   26          26         17           1           1          1            0.11%      2%         2%

  Crustaceans              6           6          7            1           1          0            0.04%      0.14%      0%

  Groundfish & Flatfish    39          39         65           1           1          1            4%         1%         0.93%

  Molluscs                 1           1          2            1           1          1            0.14%      0.47%      0.07%

  Other Fishery Products   95          95         74           13          18         10           14%        16%        13%

  **AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS  1,748       2,196      1,636        36          48         26           2%         2%         2%
  TOTAL**                                                                                                                

  **AGRICULTURAL, FISH &   2,209       2,865      2,307        55          72         40           2%         3%         2%
  FORESTRY TOTAL**                                                                                                       
  ------------------------ ----------- ---------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ------------

Source: FAS\' Global Agricultural Trade System using data from the UN
Statistical Office \* Year not available for Latvia

# 

## C. TOP 15 SUPPLIERS OF CONSUMER FOODS & EDIBLE FISHERY PRODUCTS

#### Lithuania

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
|           |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         |       |       |       |   | ###### |      |      |      |
| *CONSUMER |       |       |       |   | ### FI |      |      |      |
| -ORIENTED |       |       |       |   | SH & S |      |      |      |
| AGR       |       |       |       |   | EAFOOD |      |      |      |
| ICULTURAL |       |       |       |   |  PRODU |      |      |      |
| IMPORTS   |       |       |       |   | CTS (\ |      |      |      |
| (         |       |       |       |   | $1000) |      |      |      |
| \$1000)** |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
|           | **2   | **2   | **2   |   |        | **20 | **20 | **20 |
|           | 002** | 003** | 004** |   |        | 02** | 03** | 04** |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         | 10    | 13    | 13    |   | **Ice  | 13   | 14   | 25   |
| *Poland** | 3,352 | 5,471 | 5,706 |   | land** | ,574 | ,913 | ,353 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 5     | 5     | 6     |   | **No   | 17   | 18   | 24   |
| Germany** | 0,757 | 7,886 | 1,765 |   | rway** | ,262 | ,059 | ,892 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Neth    | 3     | 4     | 5     |   | **     | 10   | 17   | 22   |
| erlands** | 5,658 | 0,843 | 0,499 |   | United | ,471 | ,670 | ,650 |
|           |       |       |       |   | St     |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | ates** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **United  | 4,128 | 9,742 | 4     |   | *      | 3    | 7    | 11   |
| States**  |       |       | 9,961 |   | *Argen | ,075 | ,816 | ,746 |
|           |       |       |       |   | tina** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 2     | 4     | 3     |   | **     | 5    | 16   | 10   |
| Estonia** | 7,120 | 0,270 | 6,762 |   | United | ,585 | ,003 | ,839 |
|           |       |       |       |   | Kin    |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | gdom** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Russian | 1     | 2     | 2     |   | **C    | 2    | 5    | 7    |
| Fed       | 5,233 | 4,966 | 8,656 |   | hile** | ,313 | ,451 | ,266 |
| eration** |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 1     | 1     | 1     |   | **Uru  | 410  | 3    | 6    |
| Morocco** | 0,398 | 1,559 | 6,830 |   | guay** |      | ,980 | ,811 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         | 1     | 1     | 1     |   | **Est  | 3    | 9    | 6    |
| *France** | 1,334 | 3,659 | 6,785 |   | onia** | ,681 | ,012 | ,567 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Italy** | 1     | 1     | 1     |   | **Po   | 5    | 10   | 5    |
|           | 0,311 | 4,837 | 4,786 |   | land** | ,952 | ,095 | ,232 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 1     | 1     | 1     |   | **Den  | 1    | 5    | 4    |
| Denmark** | 0,917 | 4,605 | 4,734 |   | mark** | ,868 | ,185 | ,706 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         | 5,164 | 6,389 | 1     |   | **Ca   | 985  | 1    | 3    |
| *Brazil** |       |       | 3,276 |   | nada** |      | ,306 | ,080 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 5,592 | 1     | 1     |   | **N    | 4    | 2    | 2    |
| Austria** |       | 0,235 | 1,596 |   | etherl | ,587 | ,749 | ,946 |
|           |       |       |       |   | ands** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Czech   | 9,394 | 1     | 1     |   | *      | 665  | 1    | 2    |
| R         |       | 0,605 | 1,331 |   | *China |      | ,564 | ,686 |
| epublic** |       |       |       |   | (P     |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | eoples |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | Re     |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | public |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | of)**  |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 9,054 | 8,557 | 9,720 |   | **Ger  | 5    | 3    | 2    |
| Belgium** |       |       |       |   | many** | ,393 | ,227 | ,490 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         | 4,052 | 5,029 | 8,999 |   | **New  | 321  | 1    | 2    |
| *Turkey** |       |       |       |   | Zea    |      | ,066 | ,407 |
|           |       |       |       |   | land** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Other** | 9     | 12    | 5     |   | **O    | 17   | 29   | 5    |
|           | 7,874 | 2,237 | 5,053 |   | ther** | ,872 | ,611 | ,770 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Total** | 41    | 52    | 53    |   | **T    | 94   | 147  | 145  |
|           | 0,338 | 6,890 | 6,459 |   | otal** | ,014 | ,707 | ,441 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Source:   |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| FAS\'     |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Global    |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Agr       |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| icultural |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Trade     |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| System    |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| using     |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| data from |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| the       |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| United    |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Nations   |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| St        |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| atistical |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Office    |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+

#### Latvia

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
|           |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         |       |       |       |   | ###### |      |      |      |
| *CONSUMER |       |       |       |   | ### FI |      |      |      |
| -ORIENTED |       |       |       |   | SH & S |      |      |      |
| AGR       |       |       |       |   | EAFOOD |      |      |      |
| ICULTURAL |       |       |       |   |  PRODU |      |      |      |
| IMPORTS   |       |       |       |   | CTS (\ |      |      |      |
| (         |       |       |       |   | $1000) |      |      |      |
| \$1000)** |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
|           | **2   | **2   | **2   |   |        | **20 | **20 | **20 |
|           | 002** | 003** | 004** |   |        | 02** | 03** | 04** |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Li      | 7     | 8     | 10    |   | **No   | 15   | 27   | 24   |
| thuania** | 1,237 | 1,135 | 6,241 |   | rway** | ,846 | ,491 | ,520 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         | 3     | 4     | 6     |   | **     | 1    | 1    | 9    |
| *Poland** | 0,718 | 0,666 | 8,670 |   | United | ,008 | ,335 | ,268 |
|           |       |       |       |   | Kin    |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | gdom** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 3     | 4     | 4     |   | *      | 5    | 5    | 8    |
| Estonia** | 7,492 | 6,026 | 2,364 |   | *Lithu | ,340 | ,345 | ,755 |
|           |       |       |       |   | ania** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 3     | 5     | 4     |   | **Est  | 2    | 2    | 3    |
| Germany** | 8,383 | 0,530 | 1,206 |   | onia** | ,788 | ,498 | ,668 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Neth    | 3     | 3     | 3     |   | **N    | 396  | 730  | 2    |
| erlands** | 5,006 | 7,562 | 8,493 |   | etherl |      |      | ,455 |
|           |       |       |       |   | ands** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         | 1     | 1     | 1     |   | **Den  | 3    | 2    | 2    |
| *France** | 1,830 | 5,981 | 7,397 |   | mark** | ,271 | ,077 | ,142 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **United  | 2     | 3     | 1     |   | **Sw   | 552  | 523  | 1    |
| States**  | 1,484 | 3,066 | 7,059 |   | eden** |      |      | ,092 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Italy** | 1     | 1     | 1     |   | **Ice  | 797  | 829  | 1    |
|           | 2,937 | 4,063 | 5,527 |   | land** |      |      | ,063 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Russian | 8,458 | 9,460 | 1     |   | **Ire  | 59   | 103  | 910  |
| Fed       |       |       | 4,478 |   | land** |      |      |      |
| eration** |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 9,266 | 1     | 1     |   | *      | 49   | 401  | 845  |
| Denmark** |       | 1,388 | 2,558 |   | *Argen |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | tina** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 1     | 1     | 1     |   | **Ger  | 599  | 950  | 556  |
| Belgium** | 1,109 | 0,194 | 0,478 |   | many** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         | 2,641 | 4,643 | 8,142 |   | **     | 590  | 245  | 477  |
| *Turkey** |       |       |       |   | United |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | St     |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | ates** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 4,700 | 7,991 | 7,865 |   | **R    | 787  | 351  | 452  |
| Austria** |       |       |       |   | ussian |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | Federa |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | tion** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 3,931 | 5,406 | 6,962 |   | **Po   | 148  | 0    | 353  |
| Finland** |       |       |       |   | land** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Chile** | 5,300 | 5,375 | 6,654 |   | **New  | 48   | 258  | 292  |
|           |       |       |       |   | Zea    |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | land** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Other** | 9     | 9     | 5     |   | **O    | 1    | 2    | 786  |
|           | 7,119 | 1,671 | 4,462 |   | ther** | ,626 | ,248 |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Total** | 40    | 46    | 46    |   | **T    | 33   | 45   | 57   |
|           | 1,611 | 5,157 | 8,556 |   | otal** | ,904 | ,384 | ,634 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Source:   |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| FAS\'     |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Global    |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Agr       |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| icultural |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Trade     |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| System    |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| using     |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| data from |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| the       |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| United    |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Nations   |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| St        |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| atistical |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Office    |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+

#### Estonia

+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
|           |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         |       |       |       |   | ###### |      |      |      |
| *CONSUMER |       |       |       |   | ### FI |      |      |      |
| -ORIENTED |       |       |       |   | SH & S |      |      |      |
| AGR       |       |       |       |   | EAFOOD |      |      |      |
| ICULTURAL |       |       |       |   |  PRODU |      |      |      |
| IMPORTS   |       |       |       |   | CTS (\ |      |      |      |
| (         |       |       |       |   | $1000) |      |      |      |
| \$1000)** |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
|           | **2   | **2   | **2   |   |        | **20 | **20 | **20 |
|           | 002** | 003** | 004** |   |        | 02** | 03** | 04** |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 5     | 6     | 8     |   | **No   | 16   | 22   | 20   |
| Finland** | 1,700 | 1,004 | 4,846 |   | rway** | ,745 | ,441 | ,861 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Li      | 1     | 2     | 3     |   | **R    | 9    | 8    | 12   |
| thuania** | 5,090 | 7,160 | 8,565 |   | ussian | ,938 | ,466 | ,087 |
|           |       |       |       |   | Federa |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | tion** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Neth    | 2     | 3     | 3     |   | *      | 4    | 6    | 8    |
| erlands** | 2,075 | 0,580 | 4,027 |   | *Lithu | ,707 | ,982 | ,336 |
|           |       |       |       |   | ania** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         | 1     | 2     | 3     |   | **     | 2    | 1    | 3    |
| *Poland** | 9,584 | 5,148 | 3,897 |   | United | ,578 | ,507 | ,176 |
|           |       |       |       |   | St     |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | ates** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 1     | 2     | 2     |   | **Den  | 927  | 1    | 2    |
| Germany** | 9,872 | 6,817 | 6,800 |   | mark** |      | ,131 | ,424 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         | 1     | 1     | 2     |   | **Sw   | 3    | 2    | 2    |
| *Sweden** | 5,985 | 8,413 | 2,943 |   | eden** | ,435 | ,792 | ,272 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 1     | 1     | 1     |   | **N    | 2    | 3    | 2    |
| Denmark** | 6,500 | 6,424 | 9,484 |   | etherl | ,570 | ,182 | ,103 |
|           |       |       |       |   | ands** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 6,944 | 7,977 | 1     |   | *      | 638  | 1    | 1    |
| Belgium** |       |       | 2,160 |   | *Argen |      | ,347 | ,569 |
|           |       |       |       |   | tina** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **China   | 1     | 1     | 1     |   | **Fin  | 1    | 1    | 1    |
| (Peoples  | 1,510 | 0,816 | 2,090 |   | land** | ,685 | ,787 | ,502 |
| Republic  |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| of)**     |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| *         | 6,684 | 7,914 | 1     |   | **C    | 2    | 943  | 1    |
| *France** |       |       | 0,131 |   | hile** | ,808 |      | ,254 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Czech   | 4,953 | 1     | 9,945 |   | **     | 257  | 1    | 1    |
| R         |       | 2,003 |       |   | United |      | ,398 | ,120 |
| epublic** |       |       |       |   | Kin    |      |      |      |
|           |       |       |       |   | gdom** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Italy** | 6,572 | 9,226 | 9,565 |   | **Fr   | 502  | 766  | 1    |
|           |       |       |       |   | ance** |      |      | ,035 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Russian | 4,871 | 8,244 | 7,454 |   | **Ger  | 1    | 1    | 1    |
| Fed       |       |       |       |   | many** | ,330 | ,552 | ,022 |
| eration** |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **        | 2,937 | 4,220 | 5,536 |   | **Port | 0    | 0    | 521  |
| Austria** |       |       |       |   | ugal** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **United  | 2,372 | 4,730 | 3,660 |   | **Ice  | 295  | 368  | 421  |
| States**  |       |       |       |   | land** |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Other** | 6     | 9     | 2     |   | **O    | 3    | 5    | 1    |
|           | 2,149 | 0,926 | 3,004 |   | ther** | ,359 | ,150 | ,236 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| **Total** | 26    | 36    | 35    |   | **T    | 51   | 59   | 60   |
|           | 9,798 | 1,602 | 4,107 |   | otal** | ,774 | ,812 | ,939 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+
| Source:   |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| FAS\'     |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Global    |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Agr       |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| icultural |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Trade     |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| System    |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| using     |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| data from |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| the       |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| United    |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Nations   |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| St        |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| atistical |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
| Office    |       |       |       |   |        |      |      |      |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---+--------+------+------+------+

[^1]: UN Statistics, data from 2004.

[^2]: Population in excess of 500,000.

[^3]: These are unofficial estimates due to the lack of reliable
    statistics.

[^4]: Percent of total number of women 18-59 years old.