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     ![](media/image1.pct){width="0.44166666666666665in"                    
     height="0.41597222222222224in"} **Fermilab Directorate**               

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**MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING**

**FOR THE 2007 MESON TEST BEAM PROGRAM**

**T964**

**Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Chamber Characteristics Test**

**University of Texas at Arlington**

**Changwon National University, Korea**

**Louisiana Tech University**

January, 2007

INTRODUCTION 3

I. PERSONNEL AND INSTITUTIONS: 5

II\. EXPERIMENTAL AREA, BEAMS AND SCHEDULE 5

III\. RESPONSIBILITIES BY INSTITUTION - NON FERMILAB 6

IV\. RESPONSIBILITIES BY INSTITUTION - FERMILAB 7

V. Summary of Costs 8

VI\. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS 9

SIGNATURES 11

APPENDIX I - Hazard Identification Checklist 12

**INTRODUCTION**

This Memorandum of Understanding covers beam time usage at the Meson
Test Beam Facility in March 2007 for tests with three Gas Electron
Multiplier (GEM) chambers for the International Linear Collider (ILC)
Digital Hadron Calorimeter R&D (DHCAL -- University of Texas at
Arlington, UTA), for ILC tracker R&D (Louisiana Tech University, LTU)
and for radiation imaging detector R&D (Changwon National University,
CNU). The memorandum is intended solely for the purpose of providing a
work allocation for Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the
participating universities; UTA, LTU and CNU. It reflects an arrangement
that is currently satisfactory to the parties involved. It is
recognized, however, that changing circumstances of the evolving
research program may necessitate revisions. The parties agree to
negotiate amendments to this memorandum to reflect such revisions.

Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) have been used in many HEP experiments as
tracking detectors and are found to be sensitive to X-rays which allows
the use beyond that of HEP. The UTA High Energy group has been working
on using GEM as the sensitive gap detector in a DHCAL for the ILC.   The
physics goals at the ILC put a stringent requirement on detector
performance.  Especially the precision required for jet mass and
positions demands an unprecedented jet energy resolution to hadronic
calorimeters.  A solution to meet this requirement is using the Particle
Flow Algorithm (PFA).  In order for PFA to work well, high calorimeter
granularity is necessary.   Previous studies based on GEANT simulations
using GEM DHCAL gave confidence on the performance of GEM in the
sensitive gap in a sampling calorimeter and its use as a DHCAL in PFA.

The LTU team has been collaborating with UTA in developing GEM foils
with 3M Inc. for the use in a tracking detector for the ILC. The CNU
team has been collaborating with UTA originally on DHCAL development and
is now focusing on using GEM detector as low energy X-ray imaging
detectors.

As an initial attempt to measure performance of GEM prototype detectors,
one UTA 9-channel GEM chamber and one CNU single channel chamber were
exposed to a high intensity low energy (10MeV) electron beam at the
Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) in May 2006. The width
of this electron beam pulse was 30ps with a repetition rate of 43 kHz,
making it very impossible to decipher the signal and understand the
performance of the chambers in detail. The exposure, however, gave a
good measurement of radiation damage of GEM detector.

In order to have fuller understanding of various chamber
characteristics, the experimenters plan to expose one UTA GEM chamber
with ![](media/image2.pct)pad granularity with 100 channel simultaneous
readout. CNU will use a single channel mini-chamber while LTU will use a
9 channel chamber. The experimenters plan to measure: MiP signal height,
chamber efficiencies, performance as a function of HV, gas mixture
proportion and position dependences of efficiency, cross talk and its
distance dependence to the triggered pad, chamber rate capabilities and
pad occupancy rate.

**I. PERSONNEL AND INSTITUTIONS:**

Spokesman and Physicist-in-charge: J. Yu

Fermilab Liaison: E. Ramberg

1.  UTA members: H. Brown, K. Hong, J. Li, C. Medina, J. Smith, A.
    White, J. Yu

2.  CNU members: C. Hahn, W. Kim, B. Moon, S. Park

3.  LTU members: T. Howe, L. Sawyer

Other commitments:

DØ: L. Sawyer, A. White, J. Yu

ATLAS: J. Li, L. Sawyer, A. White, J. Yu

ILC: H. Brown, J. Li, C. Medina, L. Sawyer, J. Smith, A. White, J. Yu

**II. Experimental Area, Beams and Schedule Considerations:**

1.  LOCATION

    1.  The experiment is to take place in the MTEST beamline and will
        be situated in the MT6 enclosure. The experimenters' first
        choice for location in the enclosure is MT6-2C on the existing
        motion table. Space for a CAMAC crate and a NIM crate, low
        voltage power supplies and DAQ computers will be needed inside
        the enclosure. In addition, the main control room to the west of
        the MTest beamline will be used to house a DAQ control and
        monitoring computers and should provide a limited amount of work
        space for five people after the setup completes.

2.  BEAM

    1.  The tests will use slow resonantly-extracted, Main Injector
        proton beam focused onto the MTest target. The tests require
        muon, pion and electron beams.

    2.  A mixed beam of momentum selected muons (if available), pions
        and electrons in the 5-20 GeV/c range and 120GeV proton to
        minimize multiple scattering effects will be needed for MiP
        identification and various position and HV scans, both
        transverse and longitudinal. Triggered beam spot sizes (i.e.
        using a set of three ![](media/image3.pct)finger counters in
        coincidence with two ![](media/image4.pct)scintillation
        counters) of about 10 mm^2^ for transverse and not greater than
        1 cm^2^ is desired. The experimenters require a week of
        dedicated running for these tests.

    3.  For the above a rate of approximately 100 Hz is assumed.

    4.  It is not ideal for GEM chambers to run downstream of other
        detectors that present high radiation lengths material except
        for the setup stage. High momentum muon runs (if available) will
        allow such a concurrent running. Also, because of limited
        manpower the experimenters do not plan to run 24 hours a day.
        Also given the fact that people are on a restricted time frame,
        the experimenters plan on having the beam be available for a
        contiguous one week period with increased duty factor for 12
        hours a day. The experimenters plan to run two 6 hour shifts for
        data taking with a possible 1 - 2 hour overlap for daily
        planning and assessment.

3.  SETUP

    1.  The detector setup consists of one UTA 100 channel chamber of
        dimension ![](media/image5.pct), one CNU single channel chamber
        of dimension ![](media/image6.pct) and one LTU nine channel
        chamber of dimension ![](media/image7.pct). This chamber array
        will be surrounded by two ![](media/image8.pct) scintillation
        counters. These counters will cover the central active area of
        the chambers.

    2.  This setup of the three chambers sandwiched by the two large
        scintillation counters will be placed on the movable table. The
        coincidence of these two large counters along with three 1cmx1cm
        finger counters placed in front of the chamber but off the
        movable array will provide the primary trigger. This setup
        allows the chamber array to move with respect to the beam
        location for the position scan. The trigger will be formed using
        NIM coincidence modules. Space for a NIM crate near the trigger
        counters is needed. The experimenters will setup trigger
        counters, using components already in existence at MTBF or at
        Fermilab equipment pool.

    3.  Each ![](media/image9.pct) pad in the GEM anode board is
        connected to a preamplifier mounted on the chamber. The signal
        from the preamplifiers is then fed into a shaper to increase the
        width of 50ns chamber signal to 4 -- 10 μs. The shaper is going
        to be powered through a CAMAC crate. So the experimenters need a
        space to hold this CAMAC crate near the chamber array. The
        signal from the shaper board is then sent to the ADLINK ADC card
        installed in the DAQ computer via two 2m long SCSI cables. This
        DAQ computer must be located close to the chamber array inside
        the enclosure. This computer must be on the local area network
        since it is controlled and monitored by another computer outside
        enclosure.

    4.  Droege HV supplies are used to power chambers, and thus need a
        rack space to hold and power a NIM crate. The experimenters will
        also need a rack space to mount three low voltage power
        supplies.

    5.  Access to the beam area will be needed periodically for
        installation and cabling.

4.  SCHEDULE

    1.  The experimenters will initiate these tests in March of 2007 and
        propose to complete in two weeks after the start of setup -- one
        week for setup and one week for actual data taking, mixed with
        rapid return.

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III. **Responsibilities by Institution-Non Fermilab:**

> \[\] denotes the replacement cost of existing hardware in USD.

1.  The detectors and electronics will be brought by UTA, CNU and LTU.

    1.  ![](media/image10.pct) UTA chamber \[3K\]

    2.  ![](media/image11.pct) CNU chamber \[2K\]

    3.  ![](media/image12.pct) LTU chamber \[3K\]

    4.  Electronics cards for the chambers \[10K\]

    5.  CAMAC crate with controller \[5K\]

    6.  NIM crate, coincidence modules, fan-outs, discriminators \[10K\]

    7.  Scope \[10K\]

    8.  Pulser \[3K\]

    9.  HV avd LV Power supplies \[10K\]

    10. Cables \[1K\]

    11. 3 sets of PCs and monitors \[5K\]

    12. Beam trigger telescope set \[4K\]

    13. Pre-mixed ArCO2 gas in 50" bottles \[2K\]

Total \[\$68K\]

IV. **Responsibilities by Institution-Fermilab:**

    1.  Fermilab Accelerator Division:

        1.  Use of MTest beam as outlined in section 2 above.

        2.  Maintenance of all existing standard beam line elements
            (SWICs, loss monitors, etc) instrumentation, controls, clock
            distribution, and power supplies.

        3.  A scaler or beam counter signal should be made available in
            the counting house.

        4.  Reasonable access to our equipment in the test beam.

        5.  The test beam energy and beam line elements will be under
            the control of the AD Operations Department Main Control
            Room (MCR).

        6.  Position and focus of the beam on the experimental devices
            under test will be under control of MCR. Control of
            secondary devices that provide these functions may be
            delegated to the experimenters as long as it does not
            violate the Shielding Assessment or provide potential for
            significant equipment damage.

        7.  The integrated effect of running this and other SY120 beams
            will not reduce the anti-proton stacking rate or protons on
            target for neutrino production by more than 5% globally,
            with the details of scheduling to be worked out between the
            experimenters and the Office of Program Planning.

    2.  Fermilab Particle Physics Division:

        1.  The test beam efforts in this MoU will make use of the Meson
            Test Beam Facility. Requirements for the beam and user
            facilities are given in Section 2. The Fermilab Particle
            Physics Division will be responsible for coordinating
            overall activities in the MTest beamline, including use of
            the user beam-line controls, readout of the beam-line
            detectors and the MTest gateway computer. \[0.5 person
            weeks\]

        2.  The experimenters will require use of the remote controlled
            motion table, with movement in both vertical and horizontal
            directions.

    3.  Fermilab Computing Division:

        1.  Ethernet and a printer should be available in the counting
            house.

        2.  Connection to beams control console and remote logging
            (ACNET) should be made available in the counting house.

        3.  Ethernet should be available inside the beam enclosure to
            connect the DAQ computer onto the local area network.

        4.  Beam position tracking system data should be passed to the
            DAQ computer and written into data files in conjunction with
            GEM chamber data.

    4.  Fermilab ES&H Section:

        1.  Assistance with safety reviews.

**V. Summary of Costs:**

VI. **Special Considerations:**

6.1 The responsibilities of the spokesman of the GEM group and the
procedures to be followed by experimenters are found in the Fermilab
publication \"Procedures for Experimenters\"
(<http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/documents/index.html>). The Physicist
in charge agrees to those responsibilities and to follow the described
procedures.

6.2 To carry out the experiment a number of Environmental, Safety and
Health (ES&H) reviews are necessary. This includes creating a Partial
Operational Readiness Clearance document in conjunction with the
standing Particle Physics Division committee. The spokesman of the GEM
group will follow those procedures in a timely manner, as well as any
other requirements put forth by the division's safety officer.

6.3 The spokesman of the GEM group will ensure that at least one person
is present at the Meson Test Beam Facility whenever beam is delivered
and that this person is knowledgeable about the experiment's hazards.

6.4 All regulations concerning radioactive sources will be followed. No
radioactive sources will be carried onto the site or moved without the
approval of the Fermilab ES&H section.

6.5 All items in the Fermilab Policy on Computing will be followed by

the experimenters (<http://computing.fnal.gov/cd/policy/cpolicy.pdf>).

6.6 The spokesman of the GEM group will undertake to ensure that no PREP
or computing equipment be transferred from the experiment to another use
except with the approval of and through the mechanism provided by the
Computing Division management. They also undertake to ensure that no
modifications of PREP equipment take place without the knowledge and
consent of the Computing Division management.

6.7 The GEM group will be responsible for maintaining and repairing both
the electronics and the computing hardware supplied by them for the
experiment. Any items for which the experiment requests that Fermilab
performs maintenance and repair should appear explicitly in this
agreement.

6.8 At the completion of the experiment:

6.8.1 The spokesman of the GEM group is responsible for the return of
all PREP equipment, computing equipment and non-PREP data acquisition
electronics. If the return is not completed after a period of one year
after the end of running the spokesman of the GEM group will be required
to furnish, in writing, an explanation for any non-return.

6.8.2 The experimenters agree to remove their experimental equipment as
the Laboratory requests them to. They agree to remove it expeditiously
and in compliance with all ES&H requirements, including those related to
transportation. All the expenses and personnel for the removal will be
borne by the experimenters.

6.8.3 The experimenters will assist the Fermilab Divisions and Sections
with the disposition of any articles left in the offices they occupied,
including computer printout and magnetic tapes.

6.8.4 An experimenter will be available to report on the test beam
effort at a Fermilab All

> Experimenters Meeting.

**Signatures:**

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ / /
2007

Jae Yu, University of Texas at Arlington

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
/ / 2007

Greg Bock, Particle Physics Division

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
/ / 2007

Roger Dixon, Accelerator Division

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
/ / 2007

Victoria White, Computing Division

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
/ / 2007

William Griffing, ES&H Section

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
/ /2007

Hugh Montgomery, Associate Director, Fermilab

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
/ /2007

Stephen Holmes, Associate Director, Fermilab

**APPENDIX I - Hazard Identification Checklist**

Items for which there is anticipated need have been checked

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 20%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 28%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4"><strong>Cryogenics</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Electrical Equipment</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><p><strong>Hazardous/Toxic</strong></p>
<p><strong>Materials</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Beam line magnets</td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Cryo/Electrical devices</td>
<td></td>
<td>List hazardous/toxic materials</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Analysis magnets</td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Capacitor banks</td>
<td></td>
<td>planned for use in a beam line or experimental enclosure:</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Target</td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td colspan="3">high voltage (2100V at 1.0mA max) (for SiPMs)</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Bubble chamber</td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">exposed equipment over 50 V</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4"><strong>Pressure Vessels</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Flammable Gases or Liquids</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>inside diameter</td>
<td colspan="2">Type:</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>operating pressure</td>
<td colspan="2">Flow rate:</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>window material</td>
<td colspan="2">Capacity:</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>window thickness</td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Radioactive Sources</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4"><strong>Vacuum Vessels</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">permanent installation</td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Target Materials</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>inside diameter</td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">temporary use</td>
<td></td>
<td>Beryllium (Be)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>operating pressure</td>
<td colspan="3">Type:</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Lithium (Li)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>window material</td>
<td colspan="3">Strength:</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Mercury (Hg)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>window thickness</td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Hazardous Chemicals</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>Lead (Pb)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4"><strong>Lasers</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Cyanide plating materials</td>
<td></td>
<td>Tungsten (W)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Permanent installation</td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Scintillation Oil</td>
<td></td>
<td>Uranium (U)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Temporary installation</td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">PCBs</td>
<td></td>
<td>Other : <strong>Iron (Fe), Ta Cu</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Calibration</td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Methane</td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Mechanical Structures</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Alignment</td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">TMAE</td>
<td></td>
<td>Lifting devices</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">type:</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">TEA</td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td>Motion controllers</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Wattage:</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">photographic developers</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>scaffolding/elevated platforms</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">class:</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">Other: Activated Water?</td>
<td></td>
<td>Others</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>