# 26 {#section .Chapter-# .unnumbered}

# Substance Abuse

#### Adverse Consequences of Substance Use and Abuse

26-1 Motor vehicle crash deaths and injuries

26-1a Alcohol-related deaths

26-1b Alcohol-related injuries

26-1c Drug-related deaths

26-1d Drug-related injuries

26-2 Cirrhosis deaths

26-3 Drug-induced deaths

26-4 Drug-related hospital emergency department visits

26-5 Alcohol-related hospital emergency department visits

26-6 Adolescents riding with a driver who has been drinking

26-7 Alcohol- and drug-related violence

26-8 Lost productivity

#### Substance Use and Abuse

26-9 Substance-free youth

26-9a Average age at first use, alcohol

26-9b Average age at first use, marijuana

26-9c High school seniors never using substances - Alcohol

26-9d High school seniors never using substances - Illicit drugs

26-10 Adolescent and adult use of illicit substances

26-10a Youth using no alcohol or illicit drugs in past 30 days

26-10b Youth using marijuana in past 30 days

26-10c Adults using any illicit drug in past 30 days

26-11 Binge drinking

26-11a High school seniors

26-11b College students

26-11c Adults aged 18 years and older

26-11d Adolescents aged 12 to 17 years

26-12 Average annual alcohol consumption

26-13 Low-risk drinking among adults

26-13a Females

26-13b Males

26-14 Steroid use among adolescents

26-14a 8th graders

26-14b 10th graders

26-14c 12th graders

26-15 Inhalant use among adolescents

#### Risk of Substance Use and Abuse

26-16 Peer disapproval of substance abuse

One or two alcoholic drinks

26-16a 8th graders

26-16b 10th graders

26-16c 12th graders

Trying marijuana or hashish

26-16d 8th graders

26-16e 10th graders

26-16f 12th graders

26-17 Perception of risk associated with substance abuse

26-17a Alcohol

26-17b Marijuana

26-17c Cocaine

#### Treatment for Substance Abuse

26-18 Treatment gap for illicit drugs

26-19 Treatment in correctional institutions

26-20 Treatment for injection drug use

26-21 Treatment gap for problem alcohol use

#### State and Local Efforts

26-22 Hospital emergency department referrals

26-23 Community partnerships and coalitions

26-24 Administrative license revocation laws

26-25 Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels for motor vehicle drivers

### Adverse Consequences of Substance Use and Abuse

26-1. Reduce deaths and injuries caused by alcohol- and drug-related
motor vehicle crashes.

  ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------
  26-1a. Alcohol-related 
  deaths.                

  **National Data        Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), DOT,
  Source**               NHTSA.

  **State Data Sources** Police Accident Reports (PARs) (account for 90
                         percent of the data) and State Traffic Record
                         Systems.

  **Healthy People 2000  4.1 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other Drugs)
  Objective**            (also 9.23).

  **Measure**            Rate per 100,000 population.

  **Baseline**           5.9 (1998).

  **Numerator**          Number of alcohol-related motor vehicle crash
                         deaths.

  **Denominator**        Number of persons.

  **Population           U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.
  Targeted**             

  **Questions Used To    Not applicable.
  Obtain the National    
  Data**                 

  **Expected             Annual.
  Periodicity**          

  **Comments**           NHTSA defines a fatal crash as alcohol related
                         if either a driver or a nonmotorist has a
                         measurable or estimated blood alcohol
                         concentration (BAC) of 0.01 g/dL or above.

                         BAC is measured as a percentage by weight of
                         alcohol in the blood (expressed as grams per
                         deciliter). A positive BAC level (0.01 g/dL and
                         higher) indicates that alcohol was consumed by
                         the person tested. A BAC of 0.10 g/dL or more
                         indicates that the person was intoxicated.

                         Only deaths that occur within 30 days of the
                         motor vehicle crash are included (less than 2
                         percent of the total number of deaths occur
                         after 30 days).

                         FARS data are obtained solely from a State's
                         existing documents, including police crash
                         reports, death certificates (coded to ICD-9
                         E810-E819), vehicle registration files, and
                         hospital medical reports.

                         A description of the FARS data set has been
                         published by NHTSA.^1^

                         See Appendix A for focus area contact
                         information.
  ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------

  ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------
  26-1b. Alcohol-related 
  injuries.              

  **National Data        General Estimates System (GES), DOT, NHTSA.
  Source**               

  **State Data Sources** Police Accident Reports (PARs) (account for 90
                         percent of the data) and State Traffic Record
                         Systems.

  **Healthy People 2000  Not applicable.
  Objective**            

  **Measure**            Rate per 100,000 population.

  **Baseline**           113 (1998).

  **Numerator**          Number of alcohol-related motor vehicle
                         injuries.

  **Denominator**        Number of persons.

  **Population           U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.
  Targeted**             

  **Questions Used To    Not applicable.
  Obtain the National    
  Data**                 

  **Expected             Annual.
  Periodicity**          

  **Comments**           NHTSA defines a nonfatal crash as alcohol
                         related if police indicated on the police
                         accident report that there was evidence of
                         alcohol present. The code does not necessarily
                         mean that a driver or occupant was tested for
                         alcohol.

                         The national estimates produced from GES data
                         may differ from the true values because they are
                         based on a probability sample of crashes and not
                         a census of all crashes. The size of these
                         differences may also vary depending on which
                         sample of crashes is selected.

                         A description of the GES data set has been
                         published by NHTSA.**^1^**

                         See Appendix A for focus area contact
                         information.
  ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------

  ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------
  26-1c. (Developmental) 
  Drug-related deaths.   

  **Comments**           An operational definition could not be specified
                         at the time of publication.

                         See Appendix A for focus area contact
                         information.
  ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------

  ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------
  26-1d. (Developmental) 
  Drug-related injuries. 

  **Comments**           An operational definition could not be specified
                         at the time of publication.

                         See Appendix A for focus area contact
                         information.
  ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------

  ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------
  26-2. Reduce cirrhosis 
  deaths.                

  **National Data        National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC,
  Source**               NCHS.

  **State Data Source**  National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), CDC,
                         NCHS.

  **Healthy People 2000  4.2 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other Drugs),
  Objective**            age adjusted to the 2000 standard population.

  **Measure**            Rate per 100,000 population (age adjusted---see
                         Comments).

  **Baseline**           9.5 (1998).

  **Numerator**          Number of deaths due to cirrhosis (ICD-9 code
                         571).

  **Denominator**        Number of persons.

  **Population           U.S. resident population.
  Targeted**             

  **Questions Used To    Not applicable.
  Obtain the National    
  Data**                 

  **Expected             Annual.
  Periodicity**          

  **Comments**           Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard
                         population. Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums
                         of age-specific rates. For a discussion of age
                         adjustment, see Part A, section 5.

                         This objective differs from Healthy People 2000
                         objective 4.2, which age adjusted the death
                         rates using the 1940 standard population. See
                         Appendix C for comparison data.

                         See Part C for a description of NVSS and
                         Appendix A for focus area contact information.
  ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------

+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-3. Reduce        |   |                                               |
| drug-induced        |   |                                               |
| deaths.             |   |                                               |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
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+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To | N |                                               |
| Obtain the National | o |                                               |
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+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
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+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
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+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| -                   |   |                                               |
|                     |   |                                               |
| 26-4. Reduce        |   |                                               |
| drug-related        |   |                                               |
| hospital emergency  |   |                                               |
| department visits.  |   |                                               |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data     |   | Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), SAMHSA.    |
| Source**            |   |                                               |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data        |   | Not identified.                               |
| Source**            |   |                                               |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People    |   | Adapted from 4.4 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol    |
| 2000 Objective**    |   | and Other Drugs).                             |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**         |   | Number.                                       |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**        |   | 542,544 (1998).                               |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**       |   | Number of emergency department (ED) visits by |
|                     |   | patients aged 6 to 97 years that were due to  |
|                     |   | the use of illegal drugs or the nonmedical    |
|                     |   | use of legal drugs.                           |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**     |   | Not applicable.                               |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population        |   | U.S. resident population.                     |
| Targeted**          |   |                                               |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To |   | From the 1998 Drug Abuse Warning Network-     |
| Obtain the National |   | Emergency Department Report Form:             |
| Data**              |   |                                               |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
|                     |   | -   (Item 5): Age - Must be 06-97 yrs.        |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
|                     |   | -   (Item 9): Reason for taking               |
|                     |   |     substance(s) - Mark 'X' one response.     |
|                     |   |                                               |
|                     |   |     Dependence\                               |
|                     |   |     Suicide attempt or gesture\               |
|                     |   |     Psychic effects: "Recreational use"       |
|                     |   |     (e.g., to get high, kicks)\               |
|                     |   |     Other psychic effects\                    |
|                     |   |     Unknown\                                  |
|                     |   |     Other (Specify)                           |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
|                     |   | -   (Item 12): Alcohol involved - Mark 'X'    |
|                     |   |     one response.                             |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
|                     |   | -   (Item 13): List each drug/substance       |
|                     |   |     separately in one of the spaces below -   |
|                     |   |     Do NOT list alcohol \[Four spaces are     |
|                     |   |     provided\].                               |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
|                     |   | -   (Item 16): Source of substance - For each |
|                     |   |     non-alcohol substance listed above, mark  |
|                     |   |     'X' one response.                         |
|                     |   |                                               |
|                     |   |     Patient's own legal R~x\                  |
|                     |   |     ~Street buy\                              |
|                     |   |     Other unauthorized procurement (e.g.,     |
|                     |   |     stolen, gift, etc.)\                      |
|                     |   |     Other (includes over-the-counter (OTC)\   |
|                     |   |     Unknown                                   |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected          |   | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**       |   |                                               |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**        |   | Nonmedical use is the use of a drug or        |
|                     |   | substance for the purpose of dependence,      |
|                     |   | suicide attempt or gesture, or psychic        |
|                     |   | effect. All prescription drugs,               |
|                     |   | over-the-counter drugs, and substances        |
|                     |   | (heroin/morphine, marijuana/hashish, peyote,  |
|                     |   | glue, aerosols, etc.) are considered.         |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
|                     |   | Alcohol is included only if it is combined    |
|                     |   | with other substances.                        |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
|                     |   | The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)         |
|                     |   | monitors drug-related hospital ED episodes in |
|                     |   | 21 metropolitan areas and a national sample   |
|                     |   | of hospitals outside the metropolitan areas.  |
|                     |   | Episodes are abstracted from medical records  |
|                     |   | by hospital staff or hired clerks. DAWN       |
|                     |   | gathers data from a nationally representative |
|                     |   | sample of 508 non-Federal, short-stay         |
|                     |   | hospitals with 24-hour EDs. Data are weighted |
|                     |   | to produce national estimates.                |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
|                     |   | DAWN reflects drug use among those who use    |
|                     |   | the emergency departments but is not an       |
|                     |   | indication of the overall prevalence of drug  |
|                     |   | use. Changes in the trends can occur due to   |
|                     |   | changes in ED access, drug use prevalence,    |
|                     |   | severity of problems associated with the      |
|                     |   | drugs used, or access to other settings of    |
|                     |   | care.                                         |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
|                     |   | Information on DAWN can be obtained from the  |
|                     |   | SAMHSA Web site: http://www.samhsa.gov.       |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
|                     |   | This objective is adapted from Healthy People |
|                     |   | 2000 objective 4.4 which measured ED visits   |
|                     |   | as a rate per 100,000 population.             |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+
|                     |   | See Appendix A for focus area contact         |
|                     |   | information.                                  |
+---------------------+---+-----------------------------------------------+

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-5. (Developmental)   
  Reduce alcohol-related  
  hospital emergency      
  department visits.      

  **Comments**            An operational definition could not be
                          specified at the time of publication.

                          The proposed data source is the National
                          Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
                          (NHAMCS), CDC, NCHS.

                          See Part C for a description of NHAMCS and
                          Appendix A for focus area contact information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-6. Reduce the     |                                               |
| proportion of        |                                               |
| adolescents who      |                                               |
| report that they     |                                               |
| rode, during the     |                                               |
| previous 30 days,    |                                               |
| with a driver who    |                                               |
| had been drinking    |                                               |
| alcohol.             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System       |
| Source**             | (YRBSS), CDC, NCCDPHP.                        |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System       |
| Source**             | (YRBSS), CDC, NCCDPHP.                        |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | Not applicable.                               |
| 2000 Objective**     |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 33 (1999).                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of students in grades 9 through 12 who |
|                      | reported riding, at least once during the 30  |
|                      | days preceding the survey, with a driver who  |
|                      | had been drinking alcohol.                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of students in grades 9 through 12.    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | Students in grades 9 through 12.              |
| Targeted**           |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior             |
| Obtain the National  | Surveillance System:                          |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   During the past 30 days, how many times   |
|                      |     did you ride in a car or other vehicle    |
|                      |     driven by someone who had been drinking   |
|                      |     alcohol?                                  |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     zero times\                               |
|                      |     1 time\                                   |
|                      |     2 or 3 times\                             |
|                      |     4 or 5 times\                             |
|                      |     6 or more times                           |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Biennial.                                     |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | See Part C for a description of YRBSS and     |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-7. (Developmental)   
  Reduce intentional      
  injuries resulting from 
  alcohol- and illicit    
  drug-related violence.  

  **Comments**            An operational definition could not be
                          specified at the time of publication.

                          A proposed source of data for this objective is
                          the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS),
                          U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice
                          Statistics.

                          See Appendix A for focus area contact
                          information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-8. (Developmental)   
  Reduce the cost of lost 
  productivity in the     
  workplace due to        
  alcohol and drug use.   

  **Comments**            An operational definition could not be
                          specified at the time of publication.

                          Proposed sources of data for this objective are
                          the periodic estimates of economic costs of
                          alcohol and drug use, NIH, NIAAA and NIDA.

                          See Appendix A for focus area contact
                          information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

### Substance Use and Abuse

26-9. Increase the age and proportion of adolescents who remain alcohol
and drug free.

Average age at first use

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-9a. Alcohol.      |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | National Household Survey on Drug Abuse       |
| Source**             | (NHSDA), SAMHSA.                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | 4.5 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other Drugs |
| 2000 Objective**     | (also 3.19).                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Mean.                                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 13.1 (1998).                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Sum of reported ages at first use of alcohol  |
|                      | by adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.           |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized           |
| Targeted**           | population.                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 National Household Survey on    |
| Obtain the National  | Drug Abuse:                                   |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   How old were you the first time you had a |
|                      |     drink of any alcoholic beverage? Do not   |
|                      |     include sips from another person's drink. |
|                      |     If you can't remember exactly how old you |
|                      |     were, make your best guess of (the) one   |
|                      |     specific age.                             |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | Baseline data are collected from respondents  |
|                      | who complete anonymous, confidential answer   |
|                      | sheets. Since 1999, the respondents have      |
|                      | provided answers on laptop computers rather   |
|                      | than using paper and pencil answer sheets.    |
|                      | This change in methodology may result in some |
|                      | differences in response rates, which will be  |
|                      | analyzed and adjusted.                        |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Part C for a description of NHSDA and     |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-9b. Marijuana.    |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | National Household Survey on Drug Abuse       |
| Source**             | (NHSDA), SAMHSA.                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | 4.5 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other       |
| 2000 Objective**     | Drugs) (also 3.19).                           |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Mean.                                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 13.7 (1998).                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Sum of reported ages at first use of          |
|                      | marijuana by adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized           |
| Targeted**           | population.                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 National Household Survey on    |
| Obtain the National  | Drug Abuse:                                   |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   How old were you the first time you used  |
|                      |     marijuana or hashish? If you're not sure  |
|                      |     how old you were, make your best guess.   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | See Comments provided with objective 26-9a    |
|                      | for more information                          |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

###### High school seniors never using substances

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-9c. Alcoholic     |                                               |
| beverages.           |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA  |
| Source**             | (see Comments).                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | Not applicable.                               |
| 2000 Objective**     |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 19 (1998).                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of 12th grade students who report      |
|                      | never using alcohol.                          |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of 12th grade students.                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | Students in public and private schools in the |
| Targeted**           | coterminous United States.                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 Monitoring the Future Study:    |
| Obtain the National  |                                               |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   On how many occasions (if any) have you   |
|                      |     had alcohol to drink - more than just a   |
|                      |     few sips\... \...                         |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     in your lifetime? \...\                   |
|                      |     during the last 12 months? \...\          |
|                      |     during the last 30 days?                  |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     \[Mark one circle for each line. Response |
|                      |     categories include:\]                     |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     0 occasions\                              |
|                      |     1-2 occasions\                            |
|                      |     3-5 occasions\                            |
|                      |     6-9 occasions\                            |
|                      |     10-19 occasions\                          |
|                      |     20-39 occasions\                          |
|                      |     40 or more                                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | Students are considered to have never used    |
|                      | alcohol if they respond they drank alcohol on |
|                      | 0 occasions in their lifetime. Data are based |
|                      | on students in attendance on the day of the   |
|                      | survey administration.                        |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | Once data from the expanded NHSDA are         |
|                      | available in the year 2001, the data source   |
|                      | for this objective will be reexamined.        |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Part C for a description of MTF and       |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-9d. Illicit       |                                               |
| drugs.               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA. |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | Not applicable.                               |
| 2000 Objective**     |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 46 (1998).                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of 12th grade students who report      |
|                      | never using illicit drugs.                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of 12th grade students                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | Students in public and private schools in the |
| Targeted**           | coterminous United States.                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 Monitoring the Future Study:    |
| Obtain the National  |                                               |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   On how many occasions (if any) have you   |
|                      |     used marijuana (weed, pot) or hashish?    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   On how many occasions (if any) have you   |
|                      |     used LSD ("acid")?                        |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   On how many occasions (if any) have you   |
|                      |     used psychedelics other than LSD (like    |
|                      |     mescaline, peyote, psilocybin, PCP)?      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   On how many occasions (if any) have you   |
|                      |     taken amphetamines on your own---that is, |
|                      |     without a doctor telling you to take      |
|                      |     them?                                     |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   On how many occasions (if any) have you   |
|                      |     used cocaine (sometimes called "coke,"    |
|                      |     "crack," "rock")?                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   On how many occasions (if any) have you   |
|                      |     used heroin?                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   On how many occasions (if any) have you   |
|                      |     taken narcotics other than heroin on your |
|                      |     own---that is, without a doctor telling   |
|                      |     you to take them?                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   On how many occasions (if any) have you   |
|                      |     taken tranquilizers on your own---that    |
|                      |     is, without a doctor telling you to take  |
|                      |     them?                                     |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | Use of any illicit drug includes              |
|                      | [any]{.underline} use of marijuana, LSD,      |
|                      | other hallucinogens, crack, other forms of    |
|                      | cocaine, or heroin or any use of other        |
|                      | opiates, stimulants, barbiturates, or         |
|                      | tranquilizers not under a doctor's orders.    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Comments provided with objective 26-9c    |
|                      | for more information.                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

26-10. Reduce past-month use of illicit substances.

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-10a. Increase the |                                               |
| proportion of        |                                               |
| adolescents not      |                                               |
| using alcohol or any |                                               |
| illicit drugs during |                                               |
| the past 30 days.    |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | National Household Survey on Drug Abuse       |
| Source**             | (NHSDA), SAMHSA.                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Leading Health     | Substance Abuse.                              |
| Indicator**          |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | 4.5 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other       |
| 2000 Objective**     | Drugs) (also 3.19).                           |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 79 (1998).                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who |
|                      | reported not using any alcohol or illicit     |
|                      | drugs during the past 30 days.                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized           |
| Targeted**           | population.                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 National Household Survey on    |
| Obtain the National  | Drug Abuse:                                   |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Think about the last time you drank any   |
|                      |     type of alcoholic beverage. How long has  |
|                      |     it been since you last drank an alcoholic |
|                      |     beverage?                                 |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     If you last drank an alcoholic beverage   |
|                      |     within the past 30 days, mark the first   |
|                      |     box.\                                     |
|                      |     If it has been more than 30 days ago but  |
|                      |     within the past 12 months that you last   |
|                      |     drank an alcoholic beverage, mark the     |
|                      |     second box.\                              |
|                      |     If it was more than 12 months ago but     |
|                      |     within the past 3 years, mark the third   |
|                      |     box.\                                     |
|                      |     If it has been more than 3 years since    |
|                      |     you last drank an alcoholic beverage,     |
|                      |     mark the fourth box.\                     |
|                      |     If you have never drunk an alcoholic      |
|                      |     beverage in you life, mark the last box.  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | \[The following question is asked separately  |
|                      | for each illicit drug: marijuana or hashish,  |
|                      | cocaine, "crack," heroin, hallucinogens, and  |
|                      | inhalants:\]                                  |
|                      |                                               |
|                      | -   How long has it been since you last used  |
|                      |     \[marijuana or hashish\]?                 |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     If your answer is within the past 30      |
|                      |     days, mark the first box.\                |
|                      |     If your answer is more than 30 days ago   |
|                      |     but within the past 12 months, mark the   |
|                      |     second box.\                              |
|                      |     If your answer is more than 12 months ago |
|                      |     but within the past 3 years, mark the     |
|                      |     third box.\                               |
|                      |     If your answer is more than 3 years ago,  |
|                      |     mark the next-to-last box.\               |
|                      |     If you have never used                    |
|                      |     \[marijuana/hashish\] in your life, mark  |
|                      |     the last box.                             |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | \[The following questions are asked           |
|                      | [separately]{.underline} for non-medical use  |
|                      | of the following: analgesics (prescription    |
|                      | pain killers), tranquilizers, stimulants, and |
|                      | sedatives:\]                                  |
|                      |                                               |
|                      | -   As you read the following list of         |
|                      |     \[analgesics (prescription pain           |
|                      |     killers)/tranquilizers/                   |
|                      |     stimulants/sedatives\], please mark one   |
|                      |     box beside each \[analgesic (prescription |
|                      |     pain                                      |
|                      |     killer)/tranquilizer/stimulant/sedative\] |
|                      |     to indicate whether you have              |
|                      |     [ever]{.underline} used that \[analgesic  |
|                      |     (prescription pain killer)/tranquilizer/\ |
|                      |     stimulant/sedative\] when it was not      |
|                      |     prescribed for you, or that you took only |
|                      |     for the experience or feeling it caused.  |
|                      |     Again, we are interested in               |
|                      |     [all]{.underline} kinds of \[analgesics   |
|                      |     (prescription pain killers)/\             |
|                      |     tranquilizers/stimulants/sedatives\], in  |
|                      |     pill or non-pill form.                    |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     \[This question is followed by a list of  |
|                      |     common drugs specific to each of the      |
|                      |     following categories: analgesics          |
|                      |     (prescription pain killers),              |
|                      |     tranquilizers, stimulants, and            |
|                      |     sedatives.\]                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Have you ever used a \[analgesic          |
|                      |     (prescription pain                        |
|                      |     killer)/tranquilizer/stimulant/sedative\] |
|                      |     whose name you don't know that was not    |
|                      |     prescribed for you, or that you took only |
|                      |     for the experience or feeling it caused?  |
|                      |     If "YES," mark the first box, if "NO,"    |
|                      |     mark the second box.                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Have you ever used an [other]{.underline} |
|                      |     \[analgesic (prescription pain            |
|                      |     killer)/tranquilizer/stimulant/sedative\] |
|                      |     besides the ones listed above, that was   |
|                      |     not prescribed for you, or that you took  |
|                      |     only for the experience or feeling it     |
|                      |     caused? PLEASE PRINT NAME(S) OF OTHER     |
|                      |     \[ANALGESICS (PRESCRIPTION PAIN           |
|                      |     KILLERS)/TRANQUILIZERS/STIMULANTS/\       |
|                      |     SEDATIVES\] BELOW. If "YES," mark the     |
|                      |     first box, if "NO," mark the second box.  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | \[If the respondent reported use of any       |
|                      | \[analgesic (prescription pain                |
|                      | killer)/tranquilizer/stimulant/\              |
|                      | sedative\] they are asked:\]                  |
|                      |                                               |
|                      | -   How long has it been since you last used  |
|                      |     \[an analgesic (prescription pain         |
|                      |     killer)/\                                 |
|                      |     tranquilizer/stimulant/sedative\] that    |
|                      |     was not prescribed for you, or that you   |
|                      |     took only for the experience or feeling   |
|                      |     it caused?                                |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     If your answer is within the past 30      |
|                      |     days, mark the first box.\                |
|                      |     If your answer is more than 30 days ago   |
|                      |     but within the past 12 months, mark the   |
|                      |     second box.\                              |
|                      |     If your answer is more than 12 months ago |
|                      |     but within the past 3 years, mark the     |
|                      |     third box.\                               |
|                      |     If your answer is more than 3 years ago,  |
|                      |     mark the next-to-last box.                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | Alcohol or illicit drug use by adolescents    |
|                      | aged 12 to 17 years is defined as using [at   |
|                      | least one]{.underline} of the following       |
|                      | substances in the past month: alcohol,        |
|                      | marijuana or hashish, cocaine (including      |
|                      | "crack"), inhalants, hallucinogens (including |
|                      | PCP and LSD), heroin, or any nonmedical use   |
|                      | of analgesics, tranquilizers, stimulants, or  |
|                      | sedatives.                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | The answers for each of the substances are    |
|                      | examined for each respondent. Persons are     |
|                      | considered to have not used alcohol or        |
|                      | illicit drugs if they report no use in the    |
|                      | past 30 days of any one of the substances.    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | This objective is one of the measures used to |
|                      | track the Substance Abuse Leading Health      |
|                      | Indicator. See Appendix H for a complete      |
|                      | listing.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Part C for a description of NHSDA and     |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-10b. Reduce the      
  proportion of           
  adolescents reporting   
  use of marijuana during 
  the past 30 days.       

  **National Data         National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
  Source**                (NHSDA), SAMHSA.

  **State Data Source**   Not identified.

  **Healthy People 2000   4.6 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other Drugs)
  Objective**             (also 3.20).

  **Measure**             Percent.

  **Baseline**            8.3 (1998).

  **Numerator**           Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who
                          report using marijuana during past 30 days.

  **Denominator**         Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.

  **Population Targeted** U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.

  **Questions Used To     See Questions Used To Obtain the National Data
  Obtain the National     provided with objective 26-10a.
  Data**                  

  **Expected              Annual.
  Periodicity**           

  **Comments**            Respondents are considered to have used
                          marijuana or hashish if they report use of
                          either substance in the past 30 days.

                          See Part C for a description of NHSDA and
                          Appendix A for focus area contact information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-10c. Reduce the      
  proportion of adults    
  using any illicit drug  
  during the past 30      
  days.                   

  **National Data         National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
  Source**                (NHSDA), SAMHSA.

  **State Data Source**   Not identified.

  **Leading Health        Substance Abuse.
  Indicator**             

  **Healthy People 2000   4.5 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other Drugs)
  Objective**             (also 3.19).

  **Measure**             Percent.

  **Baseline**            5.8 (1998).

  **Numerator**           Number of adults aged 18 years and older who
                          report use of any illicit drugs during the past
                          30 days.

  **Denominator**         Number of adults aged 18 years and older.

  **Population Targeted** U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.

  **Questions Used To     See Questions Used To Obtain the National Data
  Obtain the National     provided with objective 26-10a.
  Data**                  

  **Comments**            Illicit drug use is defined as using [at least
                          one]{.underline} of the following substances in
                          the past month: marijuana or hashish, cocaine
                          (including "crack"), inhalants, hallucinogens
                          (including PCP and LSD), heroin, or any
                          nonmedical use of analgesics, tranquilizers,
                          stimulants, or sedatives.

                          Respondents are considered to have used illicit
                          drugs if they report use in the past 30 days of
                          any of the listed substances.

                          This objective is one of the measures used to
                          track the Substance Abuse Leading Health
                          Indicator. See Appendix H for a complete
                          listing.

                          See Part C for a description of NHSDA and
                          Appendix A for focus area contact information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

26-11. Reduce the proportion of persons engaging in binge drinking of
alcoholic beverages.

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-11a. High school  |                                               |
| seniors.             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA. |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | 4.7 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other       |
| 2000 Objective**     | Drugs).                                       |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 32 (1998).                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of 12th grade students who report      |
|                      | drinking five or more alcoholic beverages in  |
|                      | a row during the 2 weeks prior to the survey. |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of 12th grade students.                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | Students in public and private schools in the |
| Targeted**           | coterminous United States.                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 Monitoring the Future Study:    |
| Obtain the National  |                                               |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Think back over the LAST TWO WEEKS. How   |
|                      |     many times have you had five or more      |
|                      |     drinks in a row? (A "drink" is a glass of |
|                      |     wine, a bottle of beer, a wine cooler, a  |
|                      |     shot glass of liquor, or a mixed drink).  |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     None\                                     |
|                      |     Once\                                     |
|                      |     Twice\                                    |
|                      |     Three to five times\                      |
|                      |     Six to nine times\                        |
|                      |     Ten or more times                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | Data are based on students in attendance on   |
|                      | the day of the survey administration.         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | This objective uses the same measurement      |
|                      | protocol as the comparable Healthy People     |
|                      | 2000 objective (4.7). The only difference is  |
|                      | that "five or more drinks" was called "heavy  |
|                      | drinking" and is now considered "binge        |
|                      | drinking."                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Part C for a description of MTF and       |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-11b. College      |                                               |
| students.            |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA. |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | 4.7 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other       |
| 2000 Objective**     | Drugs).                                       |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 39 (1998).                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of college students who report         |
|                      | drinking five or more alcoholic beverages in  |
|                      | a row during the 2 weeks prior to the survey. |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of college students.                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | Students in public and private colleges and   |
| Targeted**           | universities in the coterminous United        |
|                      | States.                                       |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 Monitoring the Future Study:    |
| Obtain the National  |                                               |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Think back over the LAST TWO WEEKS. How   |
|                      |     many times have you had five or more      |
|                      |     drinks in a row? (A "drink" is a glass of |
|                      |     wine, a bottle of beer, a wine cooler, a  |
|                      |     shot glass of liquor, or a mixed drink).  |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     None\                                     |
|                      |     Once\                                     |
|                      |     Twice\                                    |
|                      |     Three to five times\                      |
|                      |     Six to nine times\                        |
|                      |     Ten or more times                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | See Comments provided with objective 26-11a   |
|                      | for more information.                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-11c. Adults aged  |                                               |
| 18 years and older.  |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | National Household Survey on Drug Abuse       |
| Source**             | (NHSDA), SAMHSA.                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Leading Health     | Substance Abuse.                              |
| Indicator**          |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | Adapted from 4.7 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol    |
| 2000 Objective**     | and Other Drugs).                             |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 16.6 (1998).                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of adults aged 18 years and older who  |
|                      | report having five or more drinks at the same |
|                      | time or within a couple of hours of each      |
|                      | other during the 30 days prior to the survey. |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of adults aged 18 years and older.     |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized           |
| Targeted**           | population.                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 National Household Survey on    |
| Obtain the National  | Drug Abuse:                                   |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   During the past 30 days, on how many days |
|                      |     did you have 5 or more drinks on the same |
|                      |     occasion? By "occasion," we mean at the   |
|                      |     same time or within a couple of hours of  |
|                      |     each other.                               |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     On the solid line, write the number of    |
|                      |     days in the past 30 days when you drank 5 |
|                      |     or more drinks of an alcoholic beverage   |
|                      |     on the same occasion.\                    |
|                      |     If you never had 5 or more drinks on the  |
|                      |     same occasion on any day when you drank   |
|                      |     during the past 30 days, mark the first   |
|                      |     box.\                                     |
|                      |     If you have drunk alcoholic beverages,    |
|                      |     but not during the past 30 days, mark the |
|                      |     second box.\                              |
|                      |     If you have never drunk an alcoholic      |
|                      |     beverage in your life, mark the last box. |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | Binge drinking is defined as drinking five or |
|                      | more alcoholic beverages at the same time or  |
|                      | within a couple hours of each other during    |
|                      | the past 30 days.                             |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | For the 1998 baseline, there are two ways of  |
|                      | handling missing values to calculate binge    |
|                      | drinking rates: (1) eliminating persons who   |
|                      | drink but have missing values on this item    |
|                      | from the calculation of binge drinkers and,   |
|                      | (2) counting persons who drink but have       |
|                      | missing values on this item as a person who   |
|                      | does NOT binge. In the future, missing values |
|                      | for drinkers will be imputed.                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | This objective differs from Healthy People    |
|                      | 2000 objective 4.7 in four ways: (1) the      |
|                      | tracking of adults aged 18 years and older is |
|                      | new to Healthy People 2010, (2) "five or more |
|                      | drinks" was called "heavy drinking" and is    |
|                      | now considered "binge drinking," (3) this     |
|                      | measure is tracked by the NHSDA, rather than  |
|                      | the MFT survey, and (4) the time frame is 30  |
|                      | days rather than 2 weeks.                     |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | This objective is one of the measures used to |
|                      | track the Substance Abuse Leading Health      |
|                      | Indicator. See Appendix H for a complete      |
|                      | listing.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Part C for a description of NHSDA and     |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-11d. Adolescents     
  aged 12 to 17 years.    

  **National Data         National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
  Source**                (NHSDA), SAMHSA.

  **State Data Source**   Not identified.

  **Healthy People 2000   Adapted from 4.7 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
  Objective**             Other Drugs).

  **Measure**             Percent.

  **Baseline**            7.7 (1998).

  **Numerator**           Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who
                          report having five or more drinks at the same
                          time or within a couple of hours of each other
                          during the 30 days prior to the survey.

  **Denominator**         Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.

  **Population Targeted** U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.

  **Questions Used To     See Questions Used To Obtain the National Data
  Obtain the National     provided with objective 26-11c.
  Data**                  

  **Expected              Annual.
  Periodicity**           

  **Comments**            This objective differs from Healthy People 2000
                          objective 4.7 in four ways: (1) the tracking of
                          adolescents aged 12 to 17 years is new to
                          Healthy People 2010, (2) "five or more drinks"
                          was called "heavy drinking" and is now
                          considered "binge drinking," (3) this measure
                          is tracked by the NHSDA, rather than the MTF
                          survey, and (4) the time frame is 30 days
                          rather than 2 weeks.

                          See Comments provided with objective 26-11c for
                          more information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-12. Reduce average   
  annual alcohol          
  consumption.            

  **National Data         Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System (AEDS), NIH,
  Source**                NIAAA.

  **State Data Source**   Not identified.

  **Healthy People 2000   4.8 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other Drugs).
  Objective**             

  **Measure**             Rate per person.

  **Baseline**            2.18 (1997).

  **Numerator**           Number of gallons of ethanol sold in the United
                          States.

  **Denominator**         Number of persons aged 14 years and older.

  **Population Targeted** U.S. noninstitutionalized population.

  **Questions Used To     Not applicable.
  Obtain the National     
  Data**                  

  **Expected              Annual.
  Periodicity**           

  **Comments**            The number of gallons of ethanol (pure alcohol)
                          sold in the U.S. is used as a proxy for annual
                          consumption of alcoholic beverages.

                          AEDS received beverage sales and/or tax
                          receipts reports for 1997 from 19 States. For
                          the remaining States and the District of
                          Columbia, shipment data from major beverage
                          industry sources were used for the numerator to
                          calculate per capita consumption.

                          AEDS uses an estimate of average ethanol
                          content in the alcoholic beverages to convert
                          the gallons of sold or shipped beer, wine, and
                          spirits into gallons of ethanol before
                          calculating per capita estimates.

                          A description of AEDS was published by
                          NIAAA.**^3^**

                          See Appendix A for focus area contact
                          information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

26-13. Reduce the proportion of adults who exceed guidelines for
low-risk drinking.

+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
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+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
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|   |                      | , |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | 1 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 2 |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
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+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
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+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | \ |                                              |   |
|   |                      | [ |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | 2 |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
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+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 1 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 2 |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ? |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | O |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 1 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 2 |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | , |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ( |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | / |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | / |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ) |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | U |                                              |   |
|   |                      | S |                                              |   |
|   |                      | U |                                              |   |
|   |                      | A |                                              |   |
|   |                      | L |                                              |   |
|   |                      | L |                                              |   |
|   |                      | Y |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ? |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | D |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 1 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 2 |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | , |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | L |                                              |   |
|   |                      | A |                                              |   |
|   |                      | R |                                              |   |
|   |                      | G |                                              |   |
|   |                      | E |                                              |   |
|   |                      | S |                                              |   |
|   |                      | T |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ( |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | / |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | / |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ) |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ? |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | A |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ( |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ) |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ( |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | / |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | / |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ) |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ? |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ? |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      |   | \[If yes:\]                                  |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   | -   During the last 12 months, about how     |   |
|   |                      |   |     often did you drink any wine, wine       |   |
|   |                      |   |     coolers, champagne or sparkling wine?    |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      |   | -   Now I'd like to know the size of the     |   |
|   |                      |   |     glass or bottle of wine or wine cooler   |   |
|   |                      |   |     that you USUALLY drank. What was the     |   |
|   |                      |   |     size of the TYPICAL bottle or glass of   |   |
|   |                      |   |     wine that you drank during the last 12   |   |
|   |                      |   |     months?                                  |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      |   | -   On the days when you drank wine in the   |   |
|   |                      |   |     last 12 months, about how many           |   |
|   |                      |   |     (glasses/bottles/carafes) of wine did    |   |
|   |                      |   |     you USUALLY drink in a single day?       |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      |   | -   During the last 12 months, what was the  |   |
|   |                      |   |     LARGEST number of                        |   |
|   |                      |   |     (glasses/bottles/carafes) of wine that   |   |
|   |                      |   |     you drank in a single day?               |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      |   | -   About how often did you drink (largest   |   |
|   |                      |   |     number) (glasses/bottles/carafes) of     |   |
|   |                      |   |     wine in a single day?                    |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | D |                                              |   |
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+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | \ |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ? |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
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|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
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+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
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|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ? |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | A |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ( |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ) |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | q |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ? |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | D |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 1 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 2 |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | , |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | v |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | v |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ? |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
| * |                      | P |                                              |   |
| * |                      | e |                                              |   |
| E |                      | r |                                              |   |
| x |                      | i |                                              |   |
| p |                      | o |                                              |   |
| e |                      | d |                                              |   |
| c |                      | i |                                              |   |
| t |                      | c |                                              |   |
| e |                      | . |                                              |   |
| d |                      |   |                                              |   |
| P |                      |   |                                              |   |
| e |                      |   |                                              |   |
| r |                      |   |                                              |   |
| i |                      |   |                                              |   |
| o |                      |   |                                              |   |
| d |                      |   |                                              |   |
| i |                      |   |                                              |   |
| c |                      |   |                                              |   |
| i |                      |   |                                              |   |
| t |                      |   |                                              |   |
| y |                      |   |                                              |   |
| * |                      |   |                                              |   |
| * |                      |   |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
| * |                      | C |                                              |   |
| * |                      | u |                                              |   |
| C |                      | r |                                              |   |
| o |                      | r |                                              |   |
| m |                      | e |                                              |   |
| m |                      | n |                                              |   |
| e |                      | t |                                              |   |
| n |                      | d |                                              |   |
| t |                      | r |                                              |   |
| s |                      | i |                                              |   |
| * |                      | n |                                              |   |
| * |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | " |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | " |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | q |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 1 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 2 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | T |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | : |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | \ |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ( |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 1 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | \ |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ) |                                              |   |
|   |                      | T |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | q |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | q |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | v |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | 1 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 5 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | x |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 5 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 2 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | = |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 7 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 8 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | ) |                                              |   |
|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | \ |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ( |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 2 |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | q |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | \ |                                              |   |
|   |                      | [ |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | x |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ( |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | x |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | \ |                                              |   |
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|   |                      |   |                                              |   |
|   |                      | + |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | \ |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ( |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 3 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | \ |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | v |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | v |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | v |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 5 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 2 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | v |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | \ |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | v |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | 7 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | I |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | : |                                              |   |
|   |                      | \ |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | ) |                                              |   |
|   |                      | \ |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | 0 |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | z |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | x |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | M |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | q |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | v |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | k |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
|   |                      | A |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | , |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | g |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | y |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | q |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
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|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | v |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | A |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 1 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 9 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 9 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 2 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | N |                                              |   |
|   |                      | L |                                              |   |
|   |                      | A |                                              |   |
|   |                      | E |                                              |   |
|   |                      | S |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | b |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | h |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | - |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | v |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | w |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | j |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | l |                                              |   |
|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
|   |                      | * |                                              |   |
|   |                      | * |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ^ |                                              |   |
|   |                      | 4 |                                              |   |
|   |                      | ^ |                                              |   |
|   |                      | * |                                              |   |
|   |                      | * |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+
|   |                      | S |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | A |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
|   |                      | p |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | d |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | x |                                              |   |
|   |                      | A |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | u |                                              |   |
|   |                      | s |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | e |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | c |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | f |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | r |                                              |   |
|   |                      | m |                                              |   |
|   |                      | a |                                              |   |
|   |                      | t |                                              |   |
|   |                      | i |                                              |   |
|   |                      | o |                                              |   |
|   |                      | n |                                              |   |
|   |                      | . |                                              |   |
+---+----------------------+---+----------------------------------------------+---+

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-13b. Males.          

  **National Data         National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic
  Source**                Survey (NLAES), NIH, NIAAA.

  **State Data Source**   Not identified.

  **Healthy People 2000   Not applicable.
  Objective**             

  **Measure**             Percent.

  **Baseline**            74 (1992).

  **Numerator**           Number of males aged 21 years and older who
                          reported drinking more than 14 drinks per week
                          and/or more than 4 drinks on any day in the
                          past 12 months.

  **Denominator**         Number of male current drinkers aged 21 years
                          and older.

  **Population Targeted** U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population.

  **Questions Used To     See Questions Used To Obtain the National Data
  Obtain the National     provided with objective 26-13a.
  Data**                  

  **Expected              Periodic.
  Periodicity**           

  **Comments**            See Comments provided with objective 26-13a for
                          more information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

26-14. Reduce steroid use among adolescents.

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-14a. 8th graders. |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA. |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | Adapted from 4.11 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol   |
| 2000 Objective**     | and Other Drugs).                             |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 1.2 (1998).                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of 8th grade students who reported     |
|                      | using steroids in the past year.              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of 8th grade students.                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | Students in public and private schools in the |
| Targeted**           | coterminous United States.                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 Monitoring the Future Study:    |
| Obtain the National  |                                               |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Steroids, or anabolic steroids, are       |
|                      |     sometimes prescribed by doctors to        |
|                      |     promote healing from certain types of     |
|                      |     injuries. Some athletes, and others, have |
|                      |     used them to try to increase muscle       |
|                      |     development. On how many occasions (if    |
|                      |     any) have you taken steroids on your      |
|                      |     own\--that is, without a doctor telling   |
|                      |     you to take them?                         |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     \... in your lifetime?"\                  |
|                      |     \... during the last 12 months?\          |
|                      |     \... during the last 30 days?             |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     \[Mark one circle for each line. Response |
|                      |     categories include:\]                     |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     0 Occasions\                              |
|                      |     1-2 Occasions\                            |
|                      |     3-5 Occasions\                            |
|                      |     6-9 Occasions\                            |
|                      |     10-19 Occasions\                          |
|                      |     20-39 Occasions\                          |
|                      |     40 or More                                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | Students are considered to have used steroids |
|                      | if they respond that they used steroids on    |
|                      | one or more occasions during the last 12      |
|                      | months or during the last 30 days.            |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | Data are based on students in attendance on   |
|                      | the day of the survey administration.         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | This objective differs from Healthy People    |
|                      | 2000 objective 4.11, which was limited to     |
|                      | male high school seniors.                     |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Part C for a description of MTF and       |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-14b. 10th         |                                               |
| graders.             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA. |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | Adapted from 4.11 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol   |
| 2000 Objective**     | and Other Drugs).                             |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 1.2 (1998).                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| ##                   | Number of 10th grade students who reported    |
| #### Numerator {#num | using steroids in the past year.              |
| erator .Heading6THP} |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of 10th grade students.                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | Students in public and private schools in the |
| Targeted**           | coterminous United States.                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | See Questions Used To Obtain the National     |
| Obtain the National  | Data provided with objective 26-14a.          |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | This objective differs from Healthy People    |
|                      | 2000 objective 4.11, which was limited to     |
|                      | males and did not track 10th grade students.  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Comments provided with objective 26-14a   |
|                      | for more information.                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-14c. 12th graders.   

  **National Data         Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA.
  Source**                

  **State Data Source**   Not identified.

  **Healthy People 2000   Adapted from 4.11 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
  Objective**             Other Drugs).

  **Measure**             Percent.

  **Baseline**            1.7 (1998).

  **Numerator**           Number of 12th grade students who reported
                          using steroids in the past year.

  **Denominator**         Number of 12th grade students.

  **Population Targeted** Students in public and private schools in the
                          coterminous United States.

  **Questions Used To     See Questions Used To Obtain the National Data
  Obtain the National     provided with objective 26-14a.
  Data**                  

  **Expected              Annual.
  Periodicity**           

  **Comments**            This objective differs from Healthy People 2000
                          objective 4.11, which was limited to tracking
                          males.

                          See Part C for a description of MTF and
                          Appendix A for focus area contact information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-15. Reduce the    |                                               |
| proportion of        |                                               |
| adolescents who use  |                                               |
| inhalants.           |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | National Household Survey on Drug Abuse       |
| Source**             | (NHSDA), SAMHSA.                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | Not applicable.                               |
| 2000 Objective**     |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 2.9 (1998).                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who |
|                      | reported using inhalants during the past      |
|                      | year.                                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized           |
| Targeted**           | population.                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 National Household Survey on    |
| Obtain the National  | Drug Abuse:                                   |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Please mark one box beside each type of   |
|                      |     inhalant to indicate whether you have     |
|                      |     [ever]{.underline} used that kind of      |
|                      |     inhalant, even once, for kicks or to get  |
|                      |     high. On each line, mark the box on the   |
|                      |     left for \"YES\' if you have              |
|                      |     [ever]{.underline} used that kind of      |
|                      |     inhalant, even once. Mark the box on the  |
|                      |     right for \"NO\" if you have never used   |
|                      |     any inhalant of that kind.                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Have you ever, even once, inhaled amyl    |
|                      |     nitrite, \"popper," locker room           |
|                      |     odorizers, or \"rush\" for kicks or to    |
|                      |     get high?                                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Have you ever, even once, inhaled         |
|                      |     correction fluid, degreaser, or cleaning  |
|                      |     fluid for kicks or to get high?\...       |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     Gasoline or lighter fluid?\...\           |
|                      |     Glue, shoe polish, or toluene?\...\       |
|                      |     Halothane, ether, or other                |
|                      |     anesthetics?\...\                         |
|                      |     Lacquer thinner or other paint            |
|                      |     solvents?\...\                            |
|                      |     Lighter gases, such as butane or          |
|                      |     propane?\...\                             |
|                      |     Nitrous oxide or \"whippets\"?\...\       |
|                      |     Spray paints?                             |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Have you ever, even once, inhaled some    |
|                      |     other aerosol spray for kicks or to get   |
|                      |     high?                                     |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Have you ever used any inhalant whose     |
|                      |     name you don\'t know, for kicks or to get |
|                      |     high?                                     |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Have you ever used any other inhalants    |
|                      |     for kicks or to get high besides the ones |
|                      |     I\'ve named from this list?               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | \[If yes:\]                                   |
|                      |                                               |
|                      | -   Now think about the past 12 months. On    |
|                      |     how many days in the past 12 months did   |
|                      |     you use an inhalant for kicks or to get   |
|                      |     high?                                     |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     Mark the first box for more than 300 days |
|                      |     (which is every day or almost every       |
|                      |     day).\                                    |
|                      |     Mark the second for at least 201 but not  |
|                      |     more than 300 days (5 to 6 days a week).\ |
|                      |     Mark the next for at least 101 but not    |
|                      |     more than 200 days (3 to 4 days a week).\ |
|                      |     Mark the next for at least 51 but not     |
|                      |     more than 100 days (1 to 2 days a week).\ |
|                      |     Mark the next for at least 25 but not     |
|                      |     more than 50 days (3 to 4 days a month).\ |
|                      |     Mark the next for at least 12 but not     |
|                      |     more than 24 days (1 to 2 days a month).\ |
|                      |     Mark the next for at least 6 but not more |
|                      |     than 11 days (less than one day a         |
|                      |     month).\                                  |
|                      |     Mark the next for at least 3 but not more |
|                      |     than 5 days in the past 12 months.\       |
|                      |     And mark the third from the last for at   |
|                      |     least 1 but not more than 2 days in the   |
|                      |     past 12 months.\                          |
|                      |     If you have used inhalants for kicks or   |
|                      |     to get high, but not during the past 12   |
|                      |     months, mark the next‑to‑last box.\       |
|                      |     If you have never used any inhalant for   |
|                      |     kicks or to get high in your life, mark   |
|                      |     the last box.                             |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | Use of inhalants within the past year was     |
|                      | defined by an affirmative response to ever    |
|                      | using any kind of inhalant "for kicks or to   |
|                      | get high" combined with a response of "at     |
|                      | least one, but not more than 2 days in the    |
|                      | past 12 months" or more frequently.           |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | Specific inhalants that have been identified  |
|                      | as used "for kicks or to get high" are listed |
|                      | to help the respondent remember and to let    |
|                      | the respondent know the kinds of substances   |
|                      | of interest. In addition, probes are added    |
|                      | for other substances. These two approaches    |
|                      | tend to increase the probability that         |
|                      | inhalant users will report their use          |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Part C for a description of NHSDA and     |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

### Risk of Substance Use and Abuse

26-16. Increase the proportion of adolescents who disapprove of
substance abuse.

###### One or two alcoholic drinks nearly every day {#one-or-two-alcoholic-drinks-nearly-every-day .HeadingTHPsub}

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-16a. 8th graders. |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA. |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | Adapted from 4.9 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol    |
| 2000 Objective**     | and Other Drugs) (also 3.21).                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 77 (1998).                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of 8th grade students who report their |
|                      | disapproval of people who take one or two     |
|                      | drinks nearly every day.                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of 8th grade students.                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | Public and private schools in the coterminous |
| Targeted**           | United States.                                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 Monitoring the Future Study:    |
| Obtain the National  |                                               |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Individuals differ in whether or not they |
|                      |     disapprove of people doing certain        |
|                      |     things. Do YOU disapprove of people doing |
|                      |     each of the following?                    |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     \[Response categories "a" through "p"     |
|                      |     include:\]                                |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     j\. Taking one or two drinks nearly every |
|                      |     day\....                                  |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     Don't disapprove\                         |
|                      |     Disapprove\                               |
|                      |     Strongly disapprove\                      |
|                      |     Can't say, Drug Unfamiliar                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | Disapproval is defined as those who report    |
|                      | that they "disapprove" or "strongly           |
|                      | disapprove."                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | Data are based on students in attendance on   |
|                      | the day of the survey administration.         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | This objective differs from Healthy People    |
|                      | 2000 objective 4.9, which measures perception |
|                      | of disapproval by others and is limited to    |
|                      | tracking 12th grade students.                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Part C for a description of MTF and       |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  26-16b. 10th graders.   
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  **National Data         Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA.
  Source**                

  **State Data Source**   Not identified.

  **Healthy People 2000   Adapted from 4.9 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
  Objective**             Other Drugs) (also 3.21).

  **Measure**             Percent.

  **Baseline**            75 (1998).

  **Numerator**           Number of 10th grade students who report their
                          disapproval of people who take one or two
                          drinks nearly every day.

  **Denominator**         Number of 10th grade students.

  **Population Targeted** Public and private schools in the coterminous
                          United States.

  **Questions Used To     See Questions Used To Obtain the National Data
  Obtain the National     provided with objective 26-16a.
  Data**                  

  **Expected              Annual.
  Periodicity**           

  **Comments**            See Comments provided with objective 26-16a for
                          more information.
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-16c. 12th graders.   

  **National Data         Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA.
  Source**                

  **State Data Source**   Not identified.

  **Healthy People 2000   Adapted from 4.9 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
  Objective**             Other Drugs) (also 3.21).

  **Measure**             Percent.

  **Baseline**            69 (1998).

  **Numerator**           Number of 12th grade students who report their
                          disapproval of people who take one or two
                          drinks nearly every day.

  **Denominator**         Number of 12th grade students.

  **Population Targeted** Public and private schools in the coterminous
                          United States.

  **Questions Used To     See Questions Used To Obtain the National Data
  Obtain the National     provided with objective 26-16a.
  Data**                  

  **Expected              Annual.
  Periodicity**           

  **Comments**            See Comments provided with objective 26-16a for
                          more information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

###### Trying marijuana or hashish once or twice {#trying-marijuana-or-hashish-once-or-twice .HeadingTHPsub}

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-16d. 8th graders. |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA. |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | Adapted from 4.9 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol    |
| 2000 Objective**     | and Other Drugs) (also 3.21).                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| ###### Baseline {#ba | 69 (1998).                                    |
| seline .Heading6THP} |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of 8th grade students who report their |
|                      | disapproval of people who try marijuana once  |
|                      | or twice.                                     |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of 8th grade students.                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | Public and private schools in the coterminous |
| Targeted**           | United States.                                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 Monitoring the Future Study:    |
| Obtain the National  |                                               |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   Individuals differ in whether or not they |
|                      |     disapprove of people doing certain        |
|                      |     things. Do YOU disapprove of people doing |
|                      |     each of the following?                    |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     \[Response categories "a" through "p"     |
|                      |     include:\]                                |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     c\. Trying marijuana once or twice\....   |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     Don't disapprove\                         |
|                      |     Disapprove\                               |
|                      |     Strongly disapprove\                      |
|                      |     Can't say, Drug Unfamiliar                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | Disapproval is defined as those who report    |
|                      | they "disapprove" or "strongly disapprove."   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | Data are based on students in attendance on   |
|                      | the day of the survey administration.         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | This objective differs from Healthy People    |
|                      | 2000 objective 4.9, which measures perception |
|                      | of disapproval by others.                     |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Part C for a description of MTF and       |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-16e. 10th graders.   

  **National Data         Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA.
  Source**                

  **State Data Source**   Not identified.

  **Healthy People 2000   Adapted from 4.9 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and
  Objective**             Other Drugs) (also 3.21).

  **Measure**             Percent.

  **Baseline**            56 (1998).

  **Numerator**           Number of 10th grade students who report their
                          disapproval of people who try marijuana once or
                          twice.

  **Denominator**         Number of 10th grade students.

  **Population Targeted** Public and private schools in the coterminous
                          United States.

  **Questions Used To     See Questions Used To Obtain the National Data
  Obtain the National     provided with objective 26-16d.
  Data**                  

  **Expected              Annual.
  Periodicity**           

  **Comments**            See Comments provided with objective 26-16d for
                          more information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-16f. 12th         |                                               |
| graders.             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | Monitoring the Future Study (MTF), NIH, NIDA. |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | Adapted from 4.9 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol    |
| 2000 Objective**     | and Other Drugs) (also 3.21).                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| ##                   | 52 (1998).                                    |
| #### Baseline {#base |                                               |
| line-1 .Heading6THP} |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of 12th grade students who report      |
|                      | their disapproval of people who try marijuana |
|                      | once or twice.                                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of 12th grade students.                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | Public and private schools in the coterminous |
| Targeted**           | United States.                                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | See Questions Used To Obtain the National     |
| Obtain the National  | Data provided with objective 26-16d.          |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | See Comments provided with objective 26-16d   |
|                      | for more information.                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

26-17. Increase the proportion of adolescents who perceive great risk
associated with substance abuse.

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-17a. Consuming    |                                               |
| five or more drinks  |                                               |
| at a single occasion |                                               |
| once or twice a      |                                               |
| week.                |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | National Household Survey on Drug Abuse       |
| Source**             | (NHSDA), SAMHSA.                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | 4.10 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other      |
| 2000 Objective**     | Drugs) (also 3.22).                           |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 47 (1998).                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who |
|                      | report that they perceive great risk from     |
|                      | consuming five or more drinks on a single     |
|                      | occasion once or twice a week.                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized           |
| Targeted**           | population.                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 National Household Survey on    |
| Obtain the National  | Drug Abuse:                                   |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   How much do people risk harming           |
|                      |     themselves physically and in other ways   |
|                      |     when they have five or more drinks once   |
|                      |     or twice a week? Is there:                |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     No risk?\                                 |
|                      |     Slight risk?\                             |
|                      |     Moderate risk?\                           |
|                      |     Great risk?                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | While the question used to obtain baseline    |
|                      | data takes into account all kinds of harm,    |
|                      | some respondents may focus on physical harm   |
|                      | only. Consequently the measure is a very      |
|                      | conservative estimate of the perceived harm.  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | This objective uses the same measurement      |
|                      | protocol as the comparable Healthy People     |
|                      | 2000 objective (4.10). The only difference is |
|                      | that "five or more drinks" was called "heavy  |
|                      | use of alcohol" in the Healthy People 2000    |
|                      | objective.                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Part C for a description of NHSDA and     |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-17b. Smoking      |                                               |
| marijuana once per   |                                               |
| month.               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | National Household Survey on Drug Abuse       |
| Source**             | (NHSDA), SAMHSA.                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | 4.10 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other      |
| 2000 Objective**     | Drugs) (also 3.22).                           |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 31 (1998).                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who |
|                      | report they perceive great risk from smoking  |
|                      | marijuana once a month.                       |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized           |
| Targeted**           | population.                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 National Household Survey on    |
| Obtain the National  | Drug Abuse:                                   |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   How much do people risk harming           |
|                      |     themselves physically and in other ways   |
|                      |     when they smoke marijuana once a month?   |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     Mark the first box if you think there is  |
|                      |     no risk.\                                 |
|                      |     Mark the second box if you think there is |
|                      |     slight risk.\                             |
|                      |     Mark the third box if you think there is  |
|                      |     moderate risk.\                           |
|                      |     Mark the fourth box if you think there is |
|                      |     great risk.                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | While the question used to obtain baseline    |
|                      | data takes into account all kinds of harm,    |
|                      | some respondents may focus on physical harm   |
|                      | only. Consequently the measure is a very      |
|                      | conservative estimate of the perceived harm.  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | This objective uses the same measurement      |
|                      | protocol as the comparable Healthy People     |
|                      | 2000 objective (4.10). The only difference is |
|                      | that "smoking marijuana once a month" was     |
|                      | called "regular use of marijuana" in the      |
|                      | Healthy People 2000 objective.                |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Part C for a description of NHSDA and     |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 26-17c. Using        |                                               |
| cocaine once per     |                                               |
| month.               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **National Data      | National Household Survey on Drug Abuse       |
| Source**             | (NHSDA), SAMHSA.                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State Data         | Not identified.                               |
| Source**             |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Healthy People     | Adapted from 4.10 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol   |
| 2000 Objective**     | and Other Drugs) (also 3.22).                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Measure**          | Percent.                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Baseline**         | 54 (1998).                                    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Numerator**        | Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who |
|                      | report they perceive great risk from using    |
|                      | cocaine once a month.                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Denominator**      | Number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Population         | U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized           |
| Targeted**           | population.                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Questions Used To  | From the 1998 National Household Survey on    |
| Obtain the National  | Drug Abuse:                                   |
| Data**               |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | -   How much do people risk harming           |
|                      |     themselves physically and in other ways   |
|                      |     when they use cocaine once a month? Is    |
|                      |     there:                                    |
|                      |                                               |
|                      |     No risk?\                                 |
|                      |     Slight risk?\                             |
|                      |     Moderate risk?\                           |
|                      |     Great risk?                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Expected           | Annual.                                       |
| Periodicity**        |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **Comments**         | While the question used to obtain baseline    |
|                      | data takes into account all kinds of harm,    |
|                      | some respondents may focus on physical harm   |
|                      | only. Consequently the measure is a very      |
|                      | conservative estimate of the perceived harm.  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | This objective differs from Healthy People    |
|                      | 2000 objective 4.10, which measured perceived |
|                      | harm from trying cocaine once or twice.       |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      | See Part C for a description of NHSDA and     |
|                      | Appendix A for focus area contact             |
|                      | information.                                  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

### Treatment for Substance Abuse

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-18. (Developmental)  
  Reduce the treatment    
  gap for illicit drugs   
  in the general          
  population.             

  **Comments**            An operational definition could not be
                          specified at the time of publication.

                          A proposed data source for this objective is
                          the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
                          (NHSDA), SAMHSA.

                          The treatment gap is the difference between the
                          number of persons who need treatment for the
                          use of illicit drugs and the number of persons
                          who are receiving treatment in a given year.
                          There are ongoing discussions among Federal
                          agencies and organizations in the drug abuse
                          field, including SAMHSA, the Office of National
                          Drug Control Policy, and the National
                          Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse
                          Directors, to develop an accurate measure.

                          See Part C for a description of MTF and
                          Appendix A for focus area contact information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-19. (Developmental)  
  Increase the proportion 
  of inmates receiving    
  substance abuse         
  treatment in            
  correctional            
  institutions.           

  **Comments**            An operational definition could not be
                          specified at the time of publication.

                          A proposed data source for this objective is
                          the Uniform Facilities Data Set Survey of
                          Correctional Facilities, SAMHSA, OAS.

                          See Appendix A for focus area contact
                          information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-20. Increase the     
  number of admissions to 
  substance abuse         
  treatment for injection 
  drug use.               

  **National Data         Treatment Episodes Data System (TEDS), SAMHSA,
  Source**                OAS.

  **State Data Source**   State administrative data.

  **Healthy People 2000   Not applicable.
  Objective**             

  **Measure**             Number.

  **Baseline**            167,960 (1997).

  **Numerator**           Number of admissions for injection drug use in
                          substance abuse treatment programs.

  **Denominator**         Not applicable.

  **Population Targeted** Public and private nonprofit substance abuse
                          treatment program population.

  **Questions Used To     Not applicable.
  Obtain the National     
  Data**                  

  **Expected              Annual.
  Periodicity**           

  **Comments**            TEDS data are not based on a statistical data
                          collection system. TEDS data are continuously
                          submitted to SAMHSA by States from their
                          administrative data systems. The States collect
                          data from substance abuse treatment providers,
                          primarily from publicly-funded treatment
                          programs. Each State uses its own form for
                          collecting information on substance abuse
                          admissions. When data are submitted to SAMHSA,
                          data are matched to the core variables
                          contained in TEDS. There is a considerable time
                          lag between the date of admission and when
                          SAMHSA receives data from each State.

                          SAMHSA publishes data in tabular form in an
                          annual report.

                          See Appendix A for focus area contact
                          information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-21. (Developmental)  
  Reduce the treatment    
  gap for alcohol         
  problems.               

  **Comments**            An operational definition could not be
                          specified at the time of publication.

                          A proposed data source for this objective is
                          the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
                          (NHSDA), SAMHSA.

                          The measure will focus on problem drinking
                          derived from an 11-item scale. The exact size
                          of the gap between services available and
                          services needed has not yet been determined.
                          Depending on the jurisdiction, there is wide
                          variability in treatment capacity and how that
                          capacity is distributed among settings and
                          modalities.

                          See Part C for a description of NHSDA and
                          Appendix A for focus area contact information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

### State and Local Efforts

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-22. (Developmental)  
  Increase the proportion 
  of patients who are     
  referred for followup   
  care for alcohol        
  problems, drug          
  problems, or suicide    
  attempts after          
  diagnosis or treatment  
  for one of these        
  conditions in a         
  hospital emergency      
  department.             

  **Comments**            An operational definition could not be
                          specified at the time of publication.

                          A proposed data source for this objective is
                          the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care
                          Survey, (NHAMCS), CDC, NCHS.

                          See Part C for a description of NHAMCS and
                          Appendix A for focus area contact information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-23. (Developmental)  
  Increase the number of  
  communities using       
  partnerships or         
  coalition models to     
  conduct comprehensive   
  substance abuse         
  prevention efforts.     

  **Comments**            An operational definition could not be
                          specified at the time of publication.

                          A proposed data source for this objective is
                          the Community Partnerships Data, SAMHSA.

                          See Appendix A for focus area contact
                          information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-24. Extend           
  administrative license  
  revocation laws, or     
  programs of equal       
  effectiveness, for      
  persons who drive under 
  the influence of        
  intoxicants.            

  **National Data         DOT, NHTSA.
  Source**                

  **State Data Source**   Not identified.

  **Healthy People 2000   4.15 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other
  Objective**             Drugs).

  **Measure**             Number.

  **Baseline**            41 States and the District of Columbia (1998).

  **Numerator**           Number of States, including the District of
                          Columbia, that have passed administrative
                          license revocation (ALR) legislation or
                          equivalent programs.

  **Denominator**         Not applicable.

  **Questions Used To     Not applicable.
  Obtain the National     
  Data**                  

  **Expected              Annual.
  Periodicity**           

  **Comments**            A complete operational definition was not
                          specified at the time of publication.

                          See Appendix A for focus area contact
                          information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  26-25. Extend legal     
  requirements for        
  maximum blood alcohol   
  concentration levels of 
  0.08 percent for motor  
  vehicle drivers aged 21 
  years and older.        

  **National Data         DOT, NHTSA.
  Source**                

  **State Data Source**   Police Accident Reports (PARs).

  **Healthy People 2000   4.18 (Substance Abuse: Alcohol and Other
  Objective**             Drugs).

  **Measure**             Number.

  **Baseline**            16 (1998).

  **Numerator**           Number of States, including the District of
                          Columbia, with maximum blood alcohol
                          concentration (BAC) levels of 0.08 percent for
                          motor vehicle drivers aged 21 years and older.

  **Denominator**         Not applicable.

  **Questions Used To     Not applicable.
  Obtain the National     
  Data**                  

  **Expected              Annual.
  Periodicity**           

  **Comments**            A complete operational definition was not
                          specified at the time of publication.

                          BAC is measured as a percentage by weight of
                          alcohol in the blood (grams per deciliter). A
                          positive BAC level (0.01 g/dL and higher)
                          indicates that alcohol was consumed by the
                          person tested. A BAC of 0.10 g/dL or more
                          indicates that the person was intoxicated.

                          One of the major differences among States is in
                          the degree of testing for driver and
                          non-occupant BACs.

                          See Appendix A for focus area contact
                          information.
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

## References

1\. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. *Traffic Safety
Facts 1998: A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data From the Fatality
Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System*. Washington,
DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, 1999.

2\. Hoyert, D.L.; Kochanek, K.D.; and Murphy, S.L. Deaths: Final data
for 1997. *National Vital Statistics Reports*. Vol 47. No 19.
Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1999.

3\. Williams, G.D.; Stinson, F.S.; Sanchez, L.L.; et al. *Apparent per
Capita Alcohol Consumption: National, State, and Regional Trends,
1977--96.* Surveillance report No. 47. Bethesda, MD: National Institute
on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1998.

4\. Dawson, D.A.; Grant, B.F.; Chou, S.P.; et al. Subgroup variation in
U.S. drinking patterns: Results of the 1992 National Alcohol
Epidemiologic Study. *Journal of Substance Abuse* 7:331-344, 1995.