**November 21, 1997**

Contract \# **TW-0928**

SPECIAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION 03300-S

**[CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE]{.underline}**

[Page]{.underline}

[Part 1 - General]{.underline}

1.01 Description of Work

1.02 References

1.03 Submittals

1.04 Quality Assurance

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 Form Materials for Structural Components

2.02 Form Materials for Sidewalks, Curbs and Gutters

2.03 Reinforcing Materials

2.04 Concrete Materials

2.05 Related Materials

2.06 Concrete Mix Design

2.07 Plant, Equipment, Machines, and Tools

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 Form Setting for Structural Components

3.02 Form Setting for Sidewalks, Curbs and Gutters 14

3.03 Placing Reinforcement

3.04 Joints

3.05 Preparations for Placing Concrete

3.06 Placing Concrete

3.07 Concrete Finishing

3.08 Miscellaneous Concrete Items 23

3.09 Concrete Curing

3.10 Shores and Supports 24

3.11 Removal of Forms 25

3.12 Reuse of Forms

3.13 Concrete Surface Repairs

3.14 Concrete Truck Discharge

**aTTACHMENT 1**

SPECIAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION 03300-S

[CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE]{.underline}

# PART 1 - GENERAL

## 1.01 [DESCRIPTION OF WORK]{.underline}

A. [Section Includes]{.underline}: Cast-in-place concrete, including
formwork, reinforcing, mix design, placement procedures, and finishes.
And Dry Shake Colored Hardeners.

B. [Related Sections]{.underline}: Refer to the following sections for
related work:

1\. Division 2, Section "Earthwork."

2\. Division 5, Section "Structural Steel."

3\. Division 7, Section "Joint Sealants."

## 1.02 [REFERENCES]{.underline}

A. [American Concrete Institute (ACI)]{.underline}

B. [American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)]{.underline}

A82 Specification for Cold-Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement

A185 Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Plain for Concrete
Reinforcement

A615 Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete
Reinforcement

C31 Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field

C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates

C39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete
Specimens

C42 Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams
of Concrete

C94 Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

C143 Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete

C150 Specification for Portland Cement

C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete

C231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
Pressure Method

C260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete

C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing
Concrete

C494 Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete

C618 Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for
Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete

C1107 Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout
(non-shrink)

C1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete

D994 Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete

D1751 Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete
Paving and Structural Construction

D1752 Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber and Cork Expansion Joint
Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction

E1155 Standard Test Method for Determining Floor Flatness and Levelness
using the F-Number System

C. [Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI)]{.underline}

D. [PS 1 US Product Standard for Construction and Industrial
Plywood]{.underline}

## 1.03 [SUBMITTALS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Submit the following items in accordance with
the Conditions of Contract and Division 1, Section 1300 "Descriptive
Submittals."

B. [Product Data]{.underline}: Submit product data for the following
materials and items.

1\. Reinforcement

2\. Forming Accessories

3\. Admixtures

4\. Patching Compounds

5\. Hardener

6\. Joint Systems

7\. Curing Compounds

8\. Sealants

9\. Dry Shake Colored Hardeners, include color charts.

C. [Shop Drawings]{.underline}: Submit detailed shop drawings for
fabrication, bending and placement of concrete reinforcement.

1\. Show bar schedules, stirrup spacing, diagrams of bent bars and
arrangement of reinforcement including bar overlap.

2\. Include special reinforcement required for openings through concrete
structures.

D. [Laboratory Test Reports]{.underline}: Submit concrete materials test
reports and mix design reports certifying that each material or item
complies with or exceeds the specified requirements.

E. [Shop Drawings for Formwork:]{.underline}

1\. Show form construction including jointing, special form joints or
reveals, location and pattern of tie placement, and any other feature
which could effect the finish or appearance of the concrete.

2\. Review of formwork shop drawings is for general information only.
Designing formwork for structural stability and efficiency is the
Contractor's responsibility.

## 1.04 [QUALITY ASSURANCE]{.underline}

A. [Codes and Standards]{.underline}: Comply with provisions of the
following, except as otherwise indicated:

1\. ACI 301 "Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings"

2\. ACI 302 "Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction"

3\. ACI 304 "Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting and Placing
Concrete"

4\. ACI 305 "Hot Weather Concreting"

5\. ACI 306 "Cold Weather Concreting"

6\. ACI 308 "Standard Practice for Curing Concrete"

7\. ACI 309 "Standard Practice for Consolidation of Concrete"

8\. ACI 315 "Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement"

9\. ACI 318 "Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete"

10\. ACI 347 "Recommended Practice for Concrete Formwork"

11\. CRSI "Manual of Standard Practice"

12\. SP-66 "ACI Detailing Manual"

B. [Quality Control Testing During Construction]{.underline}: Sandia
National Laboratories (SNL) will engage concrete testing service for
quality control testing during concrete operations.

1\. Notify Sandia Delegated Representative (SDR) at least two (2)
working days in advance of field operations requiring concrete testing,
or of resumption of operations after stoppages.

2\. Coordinate concrete operations with testing service to facilitate
quality control testings.

3\. Sample and test concrete during placement of concrete as follows:

a\. [Sampling Fresh Concrete]{.underline}: ASTM C172, except modified
for slump to comply with ASTM C94.

b\. [Slump]{.underline}: ASTM C143; one test for each concrete load at
point of discharge and one for each set of compressive strength test
specimens.

c\. [Air Content]{.underline}: ASTM C231, pressure method; one for each
set of compressive strength specimens.

d\. [Compression Test Specimens]{.underline}: ASTM C31; one (1) set of
six (6) standard cylinders for each compressive strength test, unless
otherwise directed. Accommodate testing service to store cylinders on
site for the first twenty-four hours after molding.

e\. [Concrete Temperature]{.underline}: Test hourly when air temperature
is 40 degrees F (4 degrees C) and below, and when 80 degrees F (27
degrees C) and above; and each time that a set of compression test
specimens is made.

f\. [Compressive Strength Tests]{.underline}: ASTM C39; one (1) set for
each 150 cubic yards (115 cubic meters) or fractions thereof, of each
concrete class placed in any one day or for each 5000 sq. ft. (465
square meters) of surface area placed; two (2) specimens tested seven
(7) days, three (3) specimens tested 28 days and one (1) specimen
retained in reserve for later testing if required.

4.. If the average strength of six (6) consecutive cylinders tested at
28 days falls below the required compressive strength or if any
individual strength test (average of two test cylinders) falls more than
500 psi (3.5 MPa) below the specified strength, the in-place concrete
represented by the low-strength cylinders shall be tested at the
Contractor's expense by one of the following methods as directed by the
SDR by a laboratory acceptable by the SDR.

a\. [Core Drilling]{.underline}: ASTM C42, "Standard Method of Obtaining
and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete," and ACI 318,
Section 5.6.4.

b\. [Load Testing]{.underline}: Load tests shall be performed in
accordance with Chapter 20, "Strength Evaluation of Existing
Structures," of ACI 318.

# PART 2 - PRODUCTS

## 2.01 [FORM MATERIALS FOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS]{.underline}

A. [Forms for Exposed Finish Concrete]{.underline}: Unless otherwise
indicated, construct formwork with plywood, metal, metal framed plywood
faced or other acceptable panel type materials to provide continuous,
straight, smooth, exposed surfaces.

1\. Furnish in largest practicable sizes to minimize number of joints
and to conform to joint system shown on Contract Drawings.

2\. Provide form material with sufficient thickness to withstand
pressure of newly placed concrete without bow or deflection.

3\. Provide forms that comply with US Product Standard PS 1 and the
following:

a\. B-B High Density Overlaid Concrete Form, Class I.

b\. B-B (Concrete Form) Plywood, Class I, exterior grade or better, mill
oiled and edge sealed, with each piece bearing legible inspection
trademark.

B. [Forms for Unexposed Finish Concrete]{.underline}: Provide forms of
plywood, lumber, metal or other acceptable material. Provide lumber
dressed on at least two (2) edges and one (1) side for tight fit.

C.. [Form Coatings]{.underline}: Provide commercial formulation
form-coating compounds that will not bond with, stain, nor adversely
affect concrete surfaces, and will not impair subsequent treatments of
concrete surfaces.

D.. [Form Ties]{.underline}: Provide factory-fabricated,
adjustable-length, removable or snapoff metal form ties, designed to
prevent form deflection, and to prevent spalling concrete surfaces upon
removal.

l\. Unless otherwise indicated, provide ties so portion remaining within
concrete after removal is at least l/2 inch (12.7 mm) inside concrete
for steel ties and l/4 inch (6.35 mm) for wire ties.

2\. Unless otherwise shown, provide form ties which will not leave holes
larger than l inch (25 mm) diameter in concrete surface.

## 2.02 [FORM MATERIALS FOR SIDEWALKS, CURBS AND GUTTERS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Design and construct form work to insure that
finished concrete will conform accurately to indicated dimensions,
lines, and elevations, and within the tolerances specified.

1\. Provide forms of wood or steel, straight, and of sufficient strength
to resist springing during depositing and consolidating concrete.

2\. Wood Forms: Surfaced plank, 2 inch (51 mm) nominal thickness,
straight and free from warp, twist, loose knots, splits or other
defects.

a\. Nominal Length: 10 feet (3 m).

b\. Radius bends may be formed with 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) boards, laminated
to the required thickness.

3\. Steel Forms: Channel-formed sections with flat top surface, welded
braces at each end and at not less than two (2) intermediate points.

a\. Ends of steel forms shall be interlocking and self-aligning.

b\. Provide flexible forms for radius forming, corner forms, form
spreaders, and fillers.

c\. Nominal Length: 10 feet (3 m) with a minimum of three (3) welded
stake pockets per form for straight forms and a minimum of seven (7)
welded stake pockets per form for radius forms.

d\. Stake Pins: Solid steel rods with chamfered heads and pointed tips
designed for use with steel forms.

B. [Sidewalk Forms]{.underline}: Provide forms of height equal to full
depth of finished sidewalk.

C. [Curb and Gutter Forms]{.underline}: Provide forms of height equal to
full depth of curb or gutter.

1\. Provide batter as indicated for inside form of curb, securely
fastened to and supported by the outside form.

2\. Provide rigid forms for curb returns, except that benders or thin
plank forms may be used for curb or curb returns with a radius of 10
feet (3 m) or more, where grade changes occur in the return, or where
the central angle is such that a rigid form with a central angle of 90
degrees cannot be used.

3\. Back forms for curb returns may be made of 1-1/2 inch (38.1 mm)
benders, for full height of the curb, cleated together.

## 2.03 [REINFORCING MATERIALS]{.underline}

A. [Cold-drawn steel wire]{.underline}: ASTM A82.

B. [Welded wire fabric]{.underline}: ASTM A185, welded steel wire
fabric.

Furnish in flat sheets, not rolls, unless rolls are acceptable to the
SDR.

C. [Reinforcing Bars]{.underline}: ASTM A615, deformed.

.

1.. Provide Grade 60 bars No. 3 to 18, except as otherwise noted.

D. [Supports for Reinforcement]{.underline}: Provide supports for
reinforcement including bolsters, chairs, spacers and other devices for
spacing, supporting and fastening reinforcing bars and welded wire
fabric in place.

1\. Use wire bar type supports complying with CRSI recommendations,
unless otherwise indicated. Do not use wood, brick, stone, broken block
or pieces of concrete.

2\. For concrete-on-grade, use supports with sand plates or horizontal
runners if base material will not adequately support chair legs.

3\. For exposed-to-view concrete surfaces, where legs of supports are in
contact with forms, provide supports with legs which are plastic
protected, stainless steel protected, or special stainless complying
with CRSI Classes, C, D, or E respectively.

E. [Fibrous Reinforcement]{.underline}: ASTM C1116.

F. [Shop fabricate]{.underline} reinforcing bars to conform to required
shapes and dimensions, with fabrication tolerances complying with ACI
315. In case of fabricating errors, do not rebend or straighten
reinforcement in manner that will injure or weaken material.

G. [Unacceptable Materials]{.underline}: Defective reinforcement shall
not be permitted in work:

1\. Bar lengths, depths and bends exceeding specified fabrication
tolerances.

2\. Bends or kinks not indicated on Contract Drawings or final shop
drawings.

3\. Bars with reduced cross section due to excessive rusting or other
cause.

4\. Bars bent in the field and bars bent by heating.

## 2.04 [CONCRETE MATERIALS]{.underline}

A. [Portland Cement]{.underline}: ASTM C150 Types I-II and III,
"Low-Alkali" cement, unless otherwise specified. Use one brand of cement
throughout project unless otherwise acceptable to the SDR

B. [Aggregates]{.underline}: ASTM C33; provide aggregates from single
source for exposed concrete. Do not use sandstone aggregates.

1\. [Fine Aggregate]{.underline}: Clean, sharp, natural sand free from
loam, clay lumps or other deleterious substances. Do not use dune, bank
run, or manufactured sand.

2\. [Coarse Aggregate]{.underline}: Clean, uncoated, processed aggregate
containing no clay, mud, loam or foreign matter, as follows:

a\. Crushed stone, processed from natural rock or stone.

b\. Natural or crushed gravel. Do not use pit or bank run gravel.

3\. [Maximum Aggregate Size]{.underline}: Not larger than one-fifth
(1/5) of the most narrow dimension between side or forms, one-third
(1/3) of the depth of slabs, or three-fourths (3/4) of the minimum clear
spacing between individual reinforcing bars or bundles of bars.

If workability and consolidation methods indicate concrete can be placed
without honeycomb or voids, limitations may be waived if approved by
SDR.

C. [Water]{.underline}: Potable, clean, fresh, free from oil, acid,
organic matter or other deleterious substances.

D. [Fly Ash]{.underline}: ASTM C618, Class F; use one brand of fly ash
throughout project unless otherwise acceptable to the SDR. Limit use of
fly ash to not exceed 25 percent of the cement content by weight.

E. [Admixtures]{.underline}: All admixtures shall be specified in the
mix design.

1\. Air-Entraining Admixture: ASTM C260

2\. Water-Reducing Admixture: ASTM C494, Type A.

3\. High Range Water-Reducing Admixture (Super Plasticizer): ASTM C494,
Type F or Type G.

4.  Water-Reducing, Retarding Admixture: ASTM C494, Type D.

5\. Chloride-containing admixtures are not permitted.

## 2.05 [RELATED MATERIALS]{.underline}

A. [Expansion Joint Materials]{.underline}

1\. Typical Building and Concrete Paved Roadway Joints: ASTM D994,
preformed strips of a bituminous mastic composition.

2\. Slabs-in-Ground, Sidewalks, and Curb and Gutter Joints: ASTM D1751,
preformed expansion joint filler having relatively little extrusion and
substantial recovery after release from compression.

B. [Non-Shrink Grout]{.underline}: ASTM C1107, factory pre-mixed,
non-metallic grout.

C. [Liquid Membrane-Forming Curing Compound]{.underline}: ASTM C309,
Type I or I-D, Class A.

D. [Chemical Hardener]{.underline}: Hardener shall be a colorless,
aqueous solution of zinc or magnesium fluosilicate. Approved proprietary
hardeners shall be delivered ready for use in the manufacturer\'s
original containers.

E. [Bonding Compound]{.underline}: Polyvinyl acetate, rewettable type.

F. [Nonslip Aggregate Finish]{.underline}: Where indicated in the
Contract Drawings, provide fused aluminum oxide grits, or crushed emery,
as abrasive aggregate for nonslip finish with emery aggregate containing
not less than 40% aluminum oxide and not less than 25% ferric oxide.

Use material that is factory graded, packaged, rust-proof and
nonglazing, and is unaffected by freezing, moisture and cleaning
materials.

G. Dry Shake Colored Hardeners: Provide Lithotex Color Stone as
manufactured by L.M. Scofield Company.

## 2.06 [CONCRETE MIX DESIGN]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Minimum 4000psi (27.6MPa) concrete strength at
28 days, unless otherwise indicated.

1\. Provide concrete mixtures with desired strength and necessary
workability in fresh concrete.

2\. Provide "Ready-Mixed" concrete, unless otherwise approved or
specified; in accordance with ASTM C94.

3\. Select water-to-cementitious materials ratio required to produce
28-day strength corresponding to over designed mix which is supported by
sufficient experience data to assure that test results will fall within
limits established in specification. Unless otherwise specified, the
following proportions apply:

Strength Min. Cement Max. W/(C+FA)\* Ratio Max. W/(C+FA)\* Ratio

[psi]{.underline} [Bag/CY]{.underline} [Non-Air-Entrained]{.underline}
[Air-Entrained]{.underline}

4000 (27.6 MPa) 6.0 0.52 0.47

\* W/(C+FA) = Water to cementitious material, cement plus fly ash by
weight.

4\. Slump due to water content alone (without the addition of super
plasticizer) shall be as follows:

[Allowable Slump]{.underline} [Min-Max (inch)]{.underline}

Reinforced foundation walls and footings 1-3 (25-76 mm)

Unreinforced footings, caissons and substructure walls 1-3 (25-76 mm)

Reinforced slabs, beams and walls 1-4 (25-102 mm)

Building columns 2-3 (51-76 mm)

Pavements 1-2 (25-51 mm)

Sidewalls, driveways and slabs-on-ground 2-4 (51-102 mm)

Heavy mass construction 1-2 (25-51 mm)

Sidewalks, curbs and gutters 2-4 (51-102 mm)

After the addition of super plasticizers, slumps may range from 3 to 11
inches (76 mm to 279 mm) provided that the concrete mix is cohesive and
non-segregating, has controlled time of set and minimal bleed water.

B. [Aggregate]{.underline}: ASTM C33, and as follows:

1\. [Coarse Aggregate]{.underline}: Table 2, Grading Requirements for
Coarse Aggregates.

2\. [Fine Aggregate]{.underline}: Sieve Analysis, Fine Aggregate.

C. [Admixtures]{.underline}

1\. Use water-reducing admixture or high range water-reducing admixture
(super plasticizer) in all concrete.

2\. Use air-entraining admixture in exterior exposed concrete, unless
otherwise indicated. Use air content of 3.5 to 6.5%.

3\. When air-entraining admixture is used solely for increasing
workability of mix, use air content of 3 to 5%.

4\. Fly Ash: Fly ash shall be used in all concrete mixes. Class F fly
ash shall be proportioned by weight of cement to provide fly ash to
Portland cement ratio not less than 20%, or greater than 25% of the sum
of total weight of fly ash and cement.

D. [High early strength concrete]{.underline} shall have compressive
strength at 7 days equal to that specified for ordinary concrete at 28
days.

## 2.07 [PLANT, EQUIPMENT, MACHINES, AND TOOLS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Plant, equipment, machines, and tools used in
the work shall be subject to approval and shall be maintained in a
satisfactory working condition at all times.

1\. Provide equipment with capability of producing the required product,
meeting grade controls, thickness control and smoothness requirements as
specified.

2\. Use of equipment shall be discontinued if it produces unsatisfactory
results.

3\. SDR shall have access at all times to the plant and equipment to
ensure proper operation and compliance with specifications.

B. [Slip Form Equipment]{.underline}: Self-propelled, automatically
controlled, crawler mounted, and capable of spreading, consolidating,
and shaping the plastic concrete to desired cross section in one pass.

Slip form paver or curb-forming machine, will be approved based on trial
use on the job.

C. [Soft-Cut Saw]{.underline}: Designed and shown to be able to cut
concrete shortly after final set without causing raveling or other
untoward effect upon the concrete finish.

Provide diamond blade with thickness no greater then 1/8 inch (3.18 mm)
to soft-cut joint of size indicated.

# PART 3 - EXECUTION

## 3.01 [FORM SETTING FOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS]{.underline}

A. [Design, erect, support, brace and maintain]{.underline} formwork to
support vertical and lateral loads that might be applied until such
loads can be supported by concrete structure.

B. [Construct formwork]{.underline} so concrete members and structures
are of correct size, shape, alignment, elevation and position.

C. [Provide for]{.underline} openings, keyways, chamfers, inserts and
other features required in work.

D. [Maintain formwork construction tolerances]{.underline}, unless
otherwise indicated:

1\. Variation from Plumb:

a\. In the lines and surfaces of columns, piers, walls, and in arrises:

In any 10 feet (3 m) of length 1/4 inch (6.35 mm)

Maximum for the entire length 1 inch (25 mm)

b\. For exposed corner columns, control-joint grooves, and other
conspicuous lines:

In any 20 foot (6 m) length 1/4 inch (6.35 mm)

Maximum for the entire length 1/2 inch (12.7 mm)

2\. Variation from level or from grades specified in Contract Drawings:

a\. In slab soffits, ceilings, beam soffits and in arrises, measured
before removal of supporting shores:

In any 10 feet (3 m) of length 1/4 inch (6.35 mm)

In any bay or in any 20 foot (6 m) length 3/8 inch (9.53 mm)

Maximum for the entire length 3/4 inch (19.1 mm)

b\. In exposed lintels, sills, parapets, horizontal grooves, and other
conspicuous lines:

In any bay or in 20 foot (6 m) length 1/4 inch (6.35 mm)

Maximum for the entire length 1/2 inch (12.7 mm)

3\. Variation of the linear building lines from established position in
plan and related position of columns, walls, and partitions:

In any bay 1/2 inch (12.7 mm)

In any 20 foot (6 m) of length 1/2 inch (12.7 mm)

Maximum for the entire length 1 inch (25 mm)

4\. Variation in the sizes and location of sleeves, floor openings,

and wall openings 1/4 inch (6.35 mm)

5\. Variation in cross-sectional dimensions of columns and beams and in
the thickness of slabs and walls:

> Minus 1/4 inch (6.35 mm)

Plus 1/2 inch (12.7 mm)

6\. Footings\*:

a\. Variations in dimensions in plan:

Minus 1/2 inch (12.7 mm)

Plus 2 inches (51 mm)

b\. Misplacement or eccentricity:

> 2% of the footing width in direction of

misplacement but not more than 2 inches (51 mm)

c\. Thickness:

Decrease in specified thickness\...\...\..... \...\...\....5%

Increase in specified thickness\...\...\...\...\... No limit

7\. Variation in Steps:

a\. In a flight of stairs:

Rise +1/8 inch (+3.18 mm)

Tread +1/4 inch (+6.35 mm)

b\. In consecutive steps:

Rise +1/16 inch (+1.588 mm)

Tread +1/8 inch (+3.18 mm)

\* Tolerances apply to concrete dimensions only.

E. [Design and fabricate formwork]{.underline} to be readily removable
without impact, shock or damage to cast-in-place concrete surfaces and
adjacent materials.

F. [Chamfer all exposed corners and edges]{.underline} to produce
uniform smooth lines and tight edge joints, unless otherwise indicated
in the Contract Drawings.

G. [Provisions for Other Trades]{.underline}: Provide openings in
concrete formwork to accommodate work of other trades.

1\. Determine size and location of openings, recesses and chases from
trades providing such items.

2\. Accurately place and securely support items built into forms.

## 

## 3.02 [FORM SETTING FOR SIDEWALKS, CURBS AND GUTTERS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Set forms to the indicated alignment, grade
and dimensions.

1\. Provide minimum of three (3) stakes per form placed at intervals not
to exceed 4 feet (1.2 m) to hold forms rigidly in place.

2\. Provide additional stakes and braces for corners, deep sections, and
radius bends, as required.

3\. Provide clamps, spreaders, and braces where required to insure
rigidity in forms.

4\. Clean and coat forms with form oil each time before concrete is
placed.

5\. Wood forms may be thoroughly wetted with water before concrete is
placed, except when probable freezing temperatures may occur, oiling is
mandatory.

B. [Divide curb, and combined curb and gutter]{.underline} into blocks
or stones in lengths not to exceed 6 feet (2 m) long.

1\. Use metal templates not less than 1/16 inch (1.588 mm) thick cut to
the same cross section as the curb or curb and gutter being constructed.

2\. Securely attach templates to forms to prevent movement during
concrete placement.

C. [Sidewalks, Curbs and Gutters]{.underline}: Set forms for sidewalks,
curbs and gutters with the upper edge true to line and grade with an
allowable tolerance of 1/8 inch (3 mm) in any 10 foot (3 m) long
section.

1\. After forms are set, check grade and alignment with 10-foot (3 m)
straightedge.

2\. Provide transverse slope of 1/4 inch per foot (6.35 mm per meter)
with low side adjacent to the roadway.

## 3.03 [PLACING REINFORCEMENT]{.underline}

A. [Comply with CRSI\'s]{.underline} recommended practice for "Placing
Reinforcing Bars," for details and methods of reinforcement placement
and supports, and as herein specified. Field bending of grade 60 bars is
not permitted.

B. [Clean reinforcement]{.underline} of loose rust and mill scale,
earth, ice, oil, concrete splatter from previous pours, and other
materials which reduce or destroy bond with concrete.

C. [Accurately position, support and secure reinforcement]{.underline}
against displacement by formwork, construction, or concrete placement
operations. Locate and support reinforcing by metal chairs, runners,
bolsters, spacers, and hangers, as required.

D. [Install welded wire fabric of same gage]{.underline} in as long of
lengths as practicable. Lap adjoining pieces at least one full mesh and
lace splices with wire. Offset end laps of adjacent widths to prevent
continuous laps in either direction.

E. [Provide minimum cover for reinforcement]{.underline} of
cast-in-place concrete, unless otherwise indicated.

Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth 3 inches (76 mm)

Concrete exposed to earth or weather

#6 and larger 2 inches (51 mm)

#5 and smaller 1-1/2 inches (38 mm)

Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with earth

Slabs, walls, joists 3/4 inch (19 mm)

Beams, columns 1-1/2 inches (38 mm)

## 3.04 [JOINTS]{.underline}

A. [Construction Joints]{.underline}: Locate construction joints on mat
foundation, which are not shown on Contract Drawings, and notify SDR for
approval.

1\. Provide keyways at least 1-1/2 inches (38.1 mm) deep in construction
joints in walls and between walls and footings.

2\. Place construction joints perpendicular to main reinforcement.
Continue reinforcement across construction joints.

3\. Use bonding compound on existing concrete surfaces that will be
joined with fresh concrete.

B. [Contraction (Control) Joints]{.underline}

1\. [Sidewalks]{.underline}: Construct joints to divide surface into
rectangular areas.

a\. Space transverse contraction joints at distance equal to sidewalk
width or 5 feet (1.5 m) on center, whichever is less, and continuous
across slab.

b\. Construct longitudinal contraction joints along centerline of
sidewalks 10 feet (3 m) or more in width.

c\. Form contraction joints in fresh concrete by cutting groove in top
portion of slab to depth of at least one-fourth of sidewalk slab
thickness.

\(1\) Use jointer to cut groove, or saw groove in hardened concrete with
power-driven saw, unless otherwise approved.

\(2\) Construct sawed joints by sawing groove in concrete with 1/8 inch
(3.18 mm) blade to the depth indicated on Contract Documents.

2\. [Curb and Gutter]{.underline}: Construct joints at right angles to
line of curb and gutter.

a\. Construct contraction joints directly opposite contraction joints in
abutting Portland cement concrete pavements.

b\. Space joints so that monolithic sections between curb returns will
not be less than 5 feet (1.5 m) nor greater than 15 feet (4.5 m) in
length.

c\. Form contraction joints with 1/8 inch (3.18 mm) thick separators,
with section conforming to curb and gutter cross section .

d\. Remove separators as soon as practicable after concrete has set
sufficiently to preserve width and shape of joint and prior to
finishing.

C. [Expansion Joints]{.underline}

1\. [Sidewalks]{.underline}: Place joints in sidewalks at point of
tangency (PT) and point of curvature (PC) of sidewalk returns, between
sidewalk and building or structure, in sidewalk returns, between
sidewalk and back of curb returns and around utility poles.

a\. Provide joint material 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) thick.

b\. Extend joint filler strips to full depth of concrete being placed at
PT, PC, and around utility poles,

c\. Provide joint filler strips between sidewalk and curb to full depth
of sidewalk with top of filler strip set flush with top of curb.

d\. Provide transverse sidewalk joints at spacing not to exceed 30 feet
(9 m).

2\. [Curbs and Gutters]{.underline}: Form expansion joints with
preformed expansion joint filler material 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) wide. Cut
and shape to curb and gutter cross section.

a\. Provide expansion joints in curb and gutter at end of returns except
where cross gutters are being constructed.

b\. Provide expansion joints at ends of cross gutter transitions and
along line of work at regular intervals, not to exceed 36 feet (11 m).

c\. Provide joints in gutter continuous with those in adjacent curb.

## 3.05 [PREPARATIONS FOR PLACING CONCRETE]{.underline}

A. [Remove water]{.underline} from excavations. Before placement of
concrete, remove wood chips, shavings, and hardened concrete from forms.

1\. Clean all equipment.

2\. Wet forms, except in freezing weather, or oil forms.

B. [Earth shall be]{.underline} uniformly moist when concrete is placed.
Sprinkling method shall not be such as to form mud or pools of water.

Watering subgrade immediately prior to placing concrete is not
sufficient to make the soil uniformly moist.

C. [Notify other crafts]{.underline} to permit installation of their
work. Coordinate installation of joint materials and moisture barriers
with placement of forms and reinforcing steel.

## 3.06 [PLACING CONCRETE]{.underline}

A. [Notify]{.underline} SDR 24 hours in advance prior to concrete
placement.

B. [Field Inspection]{.underline}: Do not place concrete until forms and
reinforcing steel have been inspected and approved.

1\. Place Ready-Mix concrete within specified time after batching.

Below 40 degrees F (4 degrees C) See Cold Weather Placing

40 - 85 degrees F (4 - 29 degrees C) 90 minutes

86 - 90 degrees F (30 - 32 degrees C) 75 minutes

Above 90 degrees F (32 degrees C) 60 minutes

Concrete exceeding delivery time may be rejected by the SDR.

2\. Adding Water: Do not add water after initial introduction of mixing
water for batch except when slump of concrete is less than that
specified upon arrival at job site, and maximum water/cement ratio for
mix has not been exceeded.

a\. Notify SDR before adding any water.

b\. Add water to bring slump within specified limits. Turn drum at least
30 additional revolutions at mixing speed. Do not add water to batch at
any later time.

c\. Insure that concrete strength meets specified requirements, and
water does not exceed maximum amount specified in CONCRETE MIX DESIGN.

C. [General]{.underline}: Comply with ACI 304, and as specified herein.

1\. Deposit concrete continuously or in layers of such thickness that
concrete will not be placed on concrete which has hardened sufficiently
to cause formation of seams or planes of weakness.

2\. If section cannot be placed continuously, provide construction
joints as specified herein. Deposit concrete as nearly as practicable to
its final location to avoid segregation.

D. [Placing Concrete in Forms]{.underline}: Deposit concrete in forms in
horizontal layers not deeper than 24 inches (610 mm) and in a manner to
avoid inclined construction joints.

1\. Where placement consists of several layers, place each layer while
preceding layer is still plastic to avoid cold joints.

2\. Consolidate placed concrete by high frequency mechanical vibrating
equipment, supplemented as necessary by hand-spading, rodding or
tamping. Use equipment and procedures for consolidation of concrete in
accordance with ACI 309.

a\. Do not use vibrators to transport concrete inside forms.

b\. Insert and withdraw vibrators vertically at uniformly spaced
locations not farther than visible effectiveness of machine.

c\. Place vibrators to rapidly penetrate placed layer and at least 6
inches (152 mm) into preceding layer.

d\. Do not insert vibrators into lower layers of concrete that have
begun to set.

e\. At each insertion, limit duration of vibration to time necessary to
consolidate concrete, and complete embedment of reinforcement and other
embedded items without causing segregation of mix.

3\. Concrete shall not be allowed to free fall more than 5 feet (1.5 m)
unless confined by a closed chute. Concrete placed in walls 10 inches
(254 mm) or less in thickness may free fall maximum of 8 feet (2.4 m).

E. [Placing Concrete Mat Foundations]{.underline}: Deposit and
consolidate concrete in continuous operation, within limits of
construction joints, until placement of panel or section is completed.

1\. Bring surfaces to correct level as above, and use bull floats or
darbies to smooth surface, free of humps or hollows. Do not use tools
such as jitterbugs that force the aggregate away from surface.

2\. Maintain reinforcing in proper position during concrete placement
operations.

F. [Placing Concrete Sidewalks]{.underline}: Place concrete in forms in
one (1) layer of such thickness that when consolidated and finished,
sidewalks will be of thickness indicated.

1\. Use strike-off guided by side forms to bring surface to proper
section to be compacted.

2\. Consolidate concrete with approved vibrator, and finish surface to
grade with wood float, bull float, or darby, edged and broom finished.

3\. Surface Tolerance: Maximum 5/16 inch (7.9 mm) from the testing edge
of 10 foot (3 m) straightedge.

4\. Section Thickness Tolerance: Maximum 1/4 inch (6.35 mm).

G. [Placing Concrete Curb and Gutter]{.underline}: Place concrete to
section required in single lift. Consolidate by using approved
mechanical vibrators.

1\. Surface Tolerance: Maximum 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) from the testing edge
of 10 foot (3 m) straightedge.

2\. Section Thickness Tolerance: Maximum 1/4 inch (6.35 mm).

H. [Cold Weather Placing]{.underline}: Protect concrete work from
physical damage or reduced strength which could be caused by frost,
freezing actions, or low temperatures; comply with ACI 306 and these
specifications.

1\. Mix and place concrete only when temperature is at least 40 degrees
F (4 degrees C) and rising, unless permission to pour is obtained from
SDR.

2\. Do not use frozen materials or materials containing ice or snow. Do
not place concrete on frozen subgrade or on subgrade containing frozen
materials.

3\. Do not use calcium chloride, salt and other materials containing
antifreeze agents or chemical accelerators.

4\. When approval is obtained to place concrete at or below an
atmospheric temperature of 40 degrees F (4 degrees C), heat water or
aggregates, or both. Provide suitable enclosures and heating devices.

a\. Temperature of mixed concrete shall be not less than 50 degrees F
(10 degrees C) and not more than 90 degrees F (32 degrees C) at time of
placement.

b\. Record temperature of concrete for each truck as delivered and after
placement in forms.

c\. Provide heating equipment or methods capable of heating water and
aggregates uniformly. Heat materials to temperature not greater than 150
degrees F (66 degrees C).

5\. After concrete placement, provide suitable measures to maintain
concrete surface temperature at 40 degrees F (4 degrees C) or above for
period not less than seven (7) days.

I. [Hot Weather Placing]{.underline}: When hot weather conditions exist
that would seriously impair quality and strength of concrete, place
concrete in compliance with ACI 305 and as herein specified.

1\. Cool ingredients before mixing to maintain concrete temperature at
time of placement below 90 degrees F (32 degrees C).

2\. Cover reinforcing steel with water-soaked burlap when required to
ensure that steel temperature will not exceed the ambient air
temperature immediately before embedment in concrete.

3\. Wet forms thoroughly before placing concrete.

4\. Use water-reducing retarding admixture (Type D) when required by
high temperatures, low humidity, or other adverse placing conditions.

5\. Record temperature of concrete for each truck as delivered and after
placing in forms. Record air content and slump for each truck.

## 3.07 [CONCRETE FINISHING]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Do not use tools such as jitterbugs that force
the aggregate away from surface.

1\. Do not spray or sprinkle water onto concrete surface to aid in
finishing.

2\. Avoid bringing more water than necessary to surface and avoid
working surface any more than necessary to obtain required finish.

B. [Monolithic Slab Finishes]{.underline}

1\. [Float Finish]{.underline}: Apply float finish to slabs for
driveways, exterior slabs, and interior floor slabs receiving additional
coverings.

a\. After screeding and consolidating concrete slabs, do not work
surface until ready for floating.

b\. Begin floating when surface water has disappeared or when concrete
has stiffened sufficiently to permit operation of power-driven floats or
by hand floating if area is small or inaccessible to power units.

c\. Finish surfaces to tolerances of F(F) 18 (floor flatness) and F(L)
15 (floor levelness) measured according to ASTM E1155 (ASTM E1155M).Cut
down high spots and fill low spots. Uniformly slope surfaces to drains.

d\. Immediately after leveling, refloat surface to a uniform, smooth,
granular texture.

2\. [Trowel Finish]{.underline}: Apply trowel finish to slab surfaces to
be exposed-to-view, including basement and first floor mat foundation,
pan stairs and landings, and slab surfaces to be covered with resilient
flooring, paint or other thin film finish coating system.

a\. After floating, begin first trowel finish operation. Begin final
troweling when surface produces ringing sound as trowel is moved over
surface.

b\. Consolidate concrete surface by final hand-troweling operation, free
of trowel marks, uniform in texture and appearance. Finish surfaces to
tolerances of F(F) 20 (floor flatness) and F(L) 17 (floor levelness)
measured according to ASTM E1155 (ASTM 1155M).

c\. Grind smooth surface defects which would telegraph through applied
floor covering system.

3\. [Nonslip Broom Finish]{.underline}: Apply nonslip boom finish to
exterior concrete platforms, steps and ramps, and elsewhere as
indicated.

a\. Immediately after trowel finishing, slightly roughen concrete
surface by brooming with fiber bristle broom perpendicular to main
traffic route.

b\. Coordinate required final finish with SDR before application.

4\. [Liquid Chemical Hardener Finish]{.underline}: Apply chemical
hardener finish to interior concrete floors where indicated after
complete curing and drying of the concrete surface.

a\. Dilute liquid hardener with water, and apply in three (3) coats;
first coat, 1/3 strength; second coat, 1/2 strength; third coat, 2/3
strength. Evenly apply each coat, and allow 24 hours for drying between
coats.

b\. Apply proprietary chemical hardeners, in accordance with
manufacturer's printed instructions.

c.  After final coat of chemical hardener solution is applied and dried,
    remove surplus hardener by scrubbing and mopping with water.

5\. Install Dry Shake Colored Hardeners in accordance with manufacturers
instructions.

6\. [Nonslip Aggregate Finish]{.underline}: Apply nonslip aggregate
finish to concrete stair treads, platforms, ramps, and elsewhere as
indicated in Contract Drawings.

a\. After completion of float finishing, and before starting trowel
finish, uniformly spread 25 lb (11 kg) of dampened nonslip aggregate per
100 square feet (9 sq m) of surface.

b\. Tamp aggregate flush with surface using a steel trowel, but do not
force below surface. After broadcasting and tamping, apply trowel
finishing as herein specified.

c\. After curing, lightly work surface with steel wire brush or abrasive
stone, and water to expose nonslip aggregate.

C. [Finish of Formed Surfaces]{.underline}

1\. [Rough Form Finish]{.underline}: For formed concrete surfaces not
exposed-to-view in finish work or by other construction, unless
otherwise indicated.

a\. Texture for concrete surface is imparted by form facing material
used.

b\. Repair and patch tie holes and defective areas, with fins and other
projections exceeding 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) in height rubbed down or
chipped off.

2\. [Smooth Form Finish]{.underline}: For formed concrete surfaces
exposed-to-view, or that are to be covered with coating material applied
directly to concrete, or covering material applied directly to concrete,
such as waterproofing, dampproofing, painting or other similar system.

a\. As-cast concrete surface is obtained with selected form facing
material, arranged orderly and symmetrically with minimum of seams.

b\. Repair and patch defective areas with fins or other projections
completely removed and smoothed.

c\. [Smooth Rubbed Finish]{.underline}: Provide smooth rubbed finish to
scheduled concrete surfaces, which have received smooth form finish
treatment, not later than 24 hours after form removal.

\(1\) Moisten concrete surfaces and rub with carborundum brick or other
abrasive until uniform color and texture is produced.

\(2\) Do not apply cement grout other than that created by rubbing
process.

d\. [Grout-Cleaned Finish]{.underline}: Provide grout cleaned finish, in
color and texture, to scheduled concrete surfaces which have received
smooth form finish treatment.

\(1\) Combine one part gray Portland cement to 1-1/2 parts fine sand by
volume, and mix with water to consistency of thick paint. Blend standard
gray Portland cement and white Portland cement, amounts determined by
trial patches, so that final color of dry grout will closely match
adjacent surfaces.

\(2\) Thoroughly wet concrete surfaces and apply grout to coat surfaces
and fill small holes. Remove excess grout by scraping and rubbing with
clean burlap. Keep damp by fog spray for at least 36 hours after
rubbing.

3\. [Related Unformed Surfaces]{.underline}: At tops of walls,
horizontal offsets, and similar unformed surfaces occurring adjacent to
formed surfaces, strike off smooth and finish with texture matching
adjacent formed surfaces.

Continue final surface treatment of formed surfaces uniformly across
adjacent unformed surfaces, unless otherwise indicated.

D. [Sidewalk Finishes]{.underline}: After straightedging, when most of
water sheen has disappeared, and just before concrete hardens, finish
surface to smooth and uniformly fine granular or sandy texture free of
waves, irregularities, or tool marks.

1\. Provide scored surface by brooming with fiber-bristle brush in
direction transverse to that of traffic.

2\. Finish slab edges carefully, including those at formed joints, with
edger having radius of 1/8 inch (3.18 mm).

a\. Edge transverse joint before brooming, and broom to eliminate flat
surface left by surface face of edger.

b\. Clean corners and edges which have crumbled and areas which lack
sufficient mortar for proper finishing. Fill solidly with properly
proportioned mortar mixture, and finish.

E. [Curb and Gutter Finishes]{.underline}: Float and finish exposed with
smooth wood float until true to grade and section, and uniform in
texture.

1\. Brush floated surfaces with fine-hair brush with longitudinal
strokes. Round edges of gutter and top of curb to radius of 1/2 inch
(127 mm) with edging tool.

2\. Immediately after removal of front curb form, rub face of curb with
wood or concrete rubbing block and water until blemishes, form marks,
and tool marks have been removed.

3\. While still wet, brush front curb surface in same manner as gutter
and curb top.

4\. Finish top surface of gutter and entrance to grade with wood float.

5\. Finish curb edges at formed joints as indicated.

3.08 [MISCELLANEOUS CONCRETE ITEMS]{.underline}

A. Equipment Bases and Foundations: Provide machine and equipment bases
and foundations as shown on drawings. Set anchor bolts for machines and
equipment to template at correct elevations, complying with diagrams or
templates of manufacturer furnishing machines and equipment.

B. Steel Pan Stairs: Provide concrete fill for steel pan stair treads,
landings, and associated items. Cast-in safety inserts and accessories
as shown on drawings. Screed, tamp, and trowel-finish concrete surfaces.

## 3.09 [CONCRETE CURING]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Immediately after placing or finishing, and as
soon as operation will not mar finish, concrete surfaces not covered by
forms shall be protected against moisture loss.

1\. Maintain protection for period of at least 7 days.

2\. Where formed surfaces are cured in forms, forms shall be kept
continually wet.

3\. If forms are removed before end of curing period, continue curing as
on unformed surfaces, using curing materials specified herein.

4\. Keep surfaces free of foot and vehicular traffic during curing
period.

B. [Curing Methods:]{.underline} Provide curing of concrete by methods
specified or by combinations thereof, as approved:

1\. [Polyethylene Coated Burlap Mats]{.underline}: Cover surfaces with
specified mat lapped 12 inches (305 mm). Mat shall be weighted to
prevent displacement. Immediately repair tears or holes by patching.

2\. [Membrane Forming Curing Compound]{.underline}: Apply in two coat
continuous operation, using not less than manufacturer\'s recommended
rate of application. If unknown, apply at rate of 1 gallon (3.8 liters)
per 200 square feet (18.6 square meters) for each coat.

a\. Respray surfaces damaged by construction operations during curing.

b\. Do not use membrane curing compounds on surfaces which are to be
covered with coating material applied directly to concrete or with
covering material bonded to concrete, such as other concrete, liquid
floor hardener, waterproofing, dampproofing, membrane roofing, flooring,
painting and other coatings and finish materials, unless otherwise
acceptable to SDR.

3\. [Water Curing]{.underline}: Water cure surfaces indicated to receive
additional concrete or concrete fill, dustproofing and hardening
treatments, stucco, plaster, or painting.

## 3.10 [SHORES AND SUPPORTS]{.underline}

A. General: Comply with ACI 347 for shoring and reshoring in multistory
construction, and as specified.

B. Extend shoring from ground to roof for structures four stories or
less, unless otherwise permitted.

C. Remove shores and reshore in a planned sequence to avoid damage to
partially cured concrete. Locate and provide adequate reshoring to
support work without excessive stress or deflection.

D. Keep reshores in place a minimum of 15 days after placing upper tier,
or longer, if required, until concrete has attained its required 28-day
strength and heavy loads due to construction operations have been
removed.

## 3.11 [REMOVAL OF FORMS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Do not remove forms for any portion of the
structure until concrete is strong enough not to be damaged when forms
are removed.

1\. Remove forms without damage to concrete.

2\. Do not use bars or heavy tools against concrete in form removal.

3\. Promptly repair concrete found defective after form removal.

B. [If field operations]{.underline} are not controlled by cylinder
tests, the following periods, exclusive of days when the temperature is
below 40 degrees F (4 degrees C), may be used as a guide for removal of
forms and supports:

> [Guide for Removal of Forms and Supports]{.underline}
>
> Centering under beams \*\*
>
> Elevated floor slabs \*\*
>
> Walls 12-24 hours\*
>
> Columns 1-7 days\*
>
> Sides of beams and all other parts 12-24 hours\*

\*Longer time dictates unless SDR approves lesser time.

\*\* Shall be controlled by beam or cylinder tests. Contractor may
submit alternate mix design to facilitate early form removal.

C. [If field operations]{.underline} are controlled by beam or cylinder
tests, forms may be removed from centering under beams and floor slabs
when 4000 psi (17.2 MPa) compressive strength is attained, and approved
by SDR.

D. [Do not place superimposed loads]{.underline} on or against load
carrying members until 4000 psi (17.2 MPa) compressive strength has been
attained, and approved by SDR.

E. [Sidewalk Forms]{.underline}: Do not remove side forms for twelve
(12) hours after completion of finishing.

F. [Curb and Gutter Forms]{.underline}: Remove forms of curb front not
less than two (2) hours nor more than six (6) hours after placement of
concrete.

1\. Forms of curb back shall remain in place until face and top of curb
have been finished as specified for concrete finishing.

2\. Do not remove gutter forms while concrete is sufficiently plastic to
slump in any direction.

## 3.12 [REUSE OF FORMS]{.underline}

A. [Clean and repair]{.underline} surfaces of forms to be reused in
work.

B. [Maintain]{.underline} shape, strength, rigidity, water-tightness,
and surface smoothness of reused forms at all times.

C. [Re-size warped or bulged lumber]{.underline} before use.

D. [Do not use]{.underline} unsatisfactory forms.

## 3.13 [CONCRETE SURFACE REPAIRS]{.underline}

A. [Patching Defective Areas]{.underline}: Immediately after form
removal, cut out honeycomb, rock pockets, voids over 1/4 inch (6.35 mm)
in any dimension, and holes left by tie rods and bolts, down to solid
concrete but, in no case to a depth of less than one (1) inch (25 mm).

1\. Cut edges perpendicular to concrete surface.

2\. Thoroughly clean, dampen with water, and brush coat area to be
patched with neat cement grout or proprietary bonding agent before
placing cement mortar or proprietary patching compound.

B. [Exposed-To-View Surfaces]{.underline}: Blend white Portland cement
and standard Portland cement so that patching mortar will match
surrounding color when dry.

1\. Provide test areas at inconspicuous location to verify mixture and
color match before proceeding with patching.

2\. Compact mortar in place and strikeoff slightly higher than
surrounding surface.

C. [Repair of Formed Surfaces:]{.underline} Remove and replace concrete
with defective surfaces if defects cannot be repaired to satisfaction of
SDR.

1\. Surface defects include color and texture irregularities, cracks,
spalls, air bubbles, honeycomb, rock pockets, fins and other projections
on surface, and stains and other discolorations that cannot be removed
by cleaning.

2\. Flush out form tie holes, fill with dry pack mortar, or precast
cement cone plugs secured in place with bonding agent.

3\. Where possible, repair concealed formed surfaces that contain
defects that affect concrete durability. If defects cannot be repaired,
remove and replace concrete.

E. [Repair of Unformed Surfaces]{.underline}: Test unformed surfaces,
such as monolithic slabs, for smoothness and verify surface plane to
tolerances specified for each surface and finish. For unformed surfaces
sloped to drain, use template having required slope to test for
trueness.

1\. Surface defects include crazing, cracks greater than 0.01 inch (0.25
mm) wide or which penetrate to reinforcement or completely through
non-reinforced sections regardless of width, spalling, popouts,
honeycomb, rock pockets, and other objectionable conditions.

2\. Repair finished unformed surfaces that contain defects which affect
concrete durability.

3\. Correct high areas in unformed surfaces by grinding after concrete
has cured at least 14 days.

4\. Correct low areas in unformed surfaces during, or immediately after
completion of surface finishing operations by cutting out low areas and
replacing with fresh concrete. Finish to blend into adjacent concrete.
Use only approved proprietary patching compounds.

5\. Repair defective areas, except random cracks and single holes not
exceeding 1 inch (25 mm) diameter, by cutting out and replacing with
fresh concrete.

a\. Remove defective areas to sound concrete with clean, square cuts and
expose reinforcing steel with at least 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) clearance all
around.

b\. Dampen concrete surfaces in contact with patching concrete and brush
with neat cement grout, or apply concrete bonding agent.

c\. Mix patching concrete of same materials to provide concrete of same
type of class as original concrete.

d\. Place, compact and finish to blend with adjacent finished concrete.
Cure in the same manner as adjacent concrete.

## 3.14 [CONCRETE TRUCK DISCHARGE]{.underline}

A. [Excess Concrete]{.underline}: Discharge excess concrete in mixer
trucks that cannot be immediately used to area where it will not create
an obstruction or hazard during construction.

Remove excess concrete from site in a timely manner to site approved by
SDR.

B. [Wash Water Discharge]{.underline}: Discharge wash water from mixer
trucks to ground surface in manner and at location where discharge
cannot escape construction site, or be washed away to arroyos, storm
sewers, or sanitary sewers by precipitation or other surface flows.

1\. Prior to project completion, remove wash water residue from site to
location approved by SDR.

2\. Clean wash water discharge site to be free of debris.

END OF SECTION

EXCEPT FOR ATTACHMENT