# Section 4.44. Graduates

## A. Application

**A.1.** - This code applies to subdivided glass measures of capacity,
either cylindrical or conical in shape.

**A.2.** - See also Sec. 1.10; General Code requirements.

## S. Specifications

**S.1. Units.** - Nominal capacities, graduation ranges, values of
graduated intervals, and numbered graduations applicable to single-scale
graduates and to the appropriate portions of double scale graduates
shall be as shown in Table 1. Design Details for Graduates.

+--------------+------------+---+----------+--------------+--------------+
| **Table 1.** |            |   |          |              |              |
|              |            |   |          |              |              |
| **Design     |            |   |          |              |              |
| Details for  |            |   |          |              |              |
| Graduates**  |            |   |          |              |              |
+--------------+------------+---+----------+--------------+--------------+
| **Nominal**  | **To be    |   |          | **Value of** | **Number at  |
|              | Graduated  |   |          |              | Each         |
| **Capacity** | Between**  |   |          | **Graduated  | Graduation   |
|              |            |   |          | Intervals**  | Divisible    |
|              |            |   |          |              | by**         |
+--------------+------------+---+----------+--------------+--------------+
| **m          | **mil      |   |          | **m          | **m          |
| illiliters** | liliters** |   |          | illiliters** | illiliters** |
+--------------+------------+---+----------+--------------+--------------+
| 5            | 1 and      | 5 |          | ½            | 1            |
|              |            |   |          |              |              |
| 10           | 2 and      | 1 |          | 1            | 2            |
|              |            | 0 |          |              |              |
| 25           | 5 and      |   |          | 5            | 5            |
|              |            | 2 |          |              |              |
| 50           | 10 and     | 5 |          | 5            | 10           |
|              |            |   |          |              |              |
| 100          | 20 and     | 5 |          | 10           | 20           |
|              |            | 0 |          |              |              |
| 500          | 100 and    |   |          | 25           | 50           |
|              |            | 1 |          |              |              |
| 1000         | 200 and    | 0 |          | 50           | 100          |
|              |            | 0 |          |              |              |
|              |            |   |          |              |              |
|              |            | 5 |          |              |              |
|              |            | 0 |          |              |              |
|              |            | 0 |          |              |              |
|              |            |   |          |              |              |
|              |            | 1 |          |              |              |
|              |            | 0 |          |              |              |
|              |            | 0 |          |              |              |
|              |            | 0 |          |              |              |
+--------------+------------+---+----------+--------------+--------------+
| **minims**   | **minims** |   |          | **minims**   | **minims**   |
+--------------+------------+---+----------+--------------+--------------+
| 60           | 15 and     |   | 60       | 5            | 10^a^        |
|              |            |   |          |              |              |
| 120          | 30 and     |   | 120      | 10           | 20^b^        |
+--------------+------------+---+----------+--------------+--------------+
| **fluid      | **fluid    |   |          | **fluid      | **fluid      |
| drams**      | drams**    |   |          | drams**      | drams**      |
+--------------+------------+---+----------+--------------+--------------+
| 4            | 1 and      |   | 4        | ½            | 1            |
|              |            |   |          |              |              |
| 8            | 2 and      |   | 8        | 1            | 2            |
+--------------+------------+---+----------+--------------+--------------+
| **fluid      | **fluid    |   |          | **fluid      | **fluid      |
| ounces**     | ounces**   |   |          | ounces**     | ounces**     |
+--------------+------------+---+----------+--------------+--------------+
| 2            | ½ and      |   | 2        | ¼            | ½            |
|              |            |   |          |              |              |
| 4            | 1 and      |   | 4        | ½            | 1            |
|              |            |   |          |              |              |
| 8            | 2 and      |   | 8        | ½            | 1            |
|              |            |   |          |              |              |
| 16           | 4 and      |   | 16       | 1            | 2            |
|              |            |   |          |              |              |
| 32           | 8 and      |   | 32       | 2            | 4            |
+--------------+------------+---+----------+--------------+--------------+
| ^a^ And, in  |            |   |          |              |              |
| addition, at |            |   |          |              |              |
| the first    |            |   |          |              |              |
| (15-minim)   |            |   |          |              |              |
| graduation.  |            |   |          |              |              |
|              |            |   |          |              |              |
| ^b^ And, in  |            |   |          |              |              |
| addition, at |            |   |          |              |              |
| the first    |            |   |          |              |              |
| (30-minim)   |            |   |          |              |              |
| graduation.  |            |   |          |              |              |
+--------------+------------+---+----------+--------------+--------------+

**S.2. Initial Interval.** - A graduate shall have an initial interval
that is not subdivided, equal to not less than one-fifth and not more
than one-fourth of the capacity of the graduate.

**S.3. Shape.** - A graduate of a capacity of more than 15 mL (4 fl dr)
may be of either the cylindrical or circular conical type. A graduate of
a capacity of 15 mL (4 fl dr) or less shall be of the single-scale
cylindrical type.

**S.4. Material.** - A graduate shall be made of good-quality,
thoroughly annealed, clear, transparent glass, free from bubbles and
streaks that might affect the accuracy of measurement. The glass shall
be uniform in thickness and shall not be excessively thick.

**S.5. Dimensional Proportions.**

> **S.5.1. On a Circular Conical Graduate.** - The inside measure­ment
> from the bottom of a circular conical graduate to the capacity
> graduation shall be not less than two times the inside dia­meter at the
> capacity graduation. The inside measurement from the bottom of the
> graduate to the point representing one-fourth of the capacity shall be
> not less than the inside diameter at that point.
>
> **S.5.2. On a Cylindrical Graduate.** - The inside measurement from
> the bottom of a cylindrical graduate to the capacity graduation shall
> be not less than five times the inside diameter at the capacity
> graduation.

**S.6. Base.** - The base of the graduate shall be perpendicular to the
vertical axis of the graduate. The diameter of the base shall be of such
size that the empty graduate will remain standing on an inclined surface
of 25 %, or approximately 15 degrees, from the horizontal.

**S.7. Design of Graduations.**

> **S.7.1. General.** - Graduations shall be perpendicular to the
> vertical axis of the graduate and parallel to each other. Graduations
> shall be continuous, of uniform thickness not greater than 0.4 mm
> (0.015 in), clearly visible, permanent, and indelible under normal
> conditions of use.
>
> (Amended 1977)
>
> **S.7.2. On a Single-Scale Graduate.** - On a single-scale graduate,
> the main graduations shall completely encircle the graduate and
> subordinate graduations shall extend at least one-half the distance
> around the graduate.
>
> **S.7.3. On a Double-Scale or a Duplex Graduate.** - On a double-scale
> or duplex graduate, there shall be a clear space between the ends of
> the main graduations on the two scales, and this space shall be
> approximately 90 degrees from the lip of the graduate and shall
> conform to the requirements of Table 2. Clear Space Between Ends of
> Main Graduations on Double Scale Graduates.

+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| **Table 2.**                    |                                    |
|                                 |                                    |
| **Clear Space Between Ends of   |                                    |
| Main**                          |                                    |
|                                 |                                    |
| **Graduations on Double Scale   |                                    |
| Graduates**                     |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| **Inside Diameter of Graduate   | **Clear Space Between Ends of Main |
| at the Graduations**            | Graduations**                      |
|                                 |                                    |
| **(inches)**                    | **(inch)**                         |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Less than 1.5                   | ^1^/8 to ¼                         |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1.5 to 3, inclusive             | ¼ to ½                             |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Over 3                          | ^3^/8 to ^5^/8                     |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+

**S.8. Basis of Graduation.** - A graduate shall be graduated \"to
deliver\" when the temperature of the graduate is 20 °C (68 °F), and
shall be marked accordingly in a permanent and conspicuous manner.

**S.9. Marking Requirements.** - Each main graduation shall be marked to
show its value. Intermediate graduations shall not be marked. Value
figures shall be uniformly positioned either directly upon or
immediately above the graduations to which they refer. Figures placed
upon graduations shall be set in from the ends of the graduations a
sufficient distance to allow the ends of the graduations to be used in
making a setting.

## N. Notes

**N.1. Test Liquid.** - Water shall be used as the test liquid for
graduates.

**N.2. Temperature Control.** - During the test of a graduate,
appropriate precau­tions shall be exercised to reduce any detrimental
temperature effects to the practicable minimum.

## T. Tolerances

**T.1.** - Maintenance and acceptance tolerances in excess and in
deficiency shall be as shown in Table 3. (Maintenance and Acceptance
Tolerances, in Excess and Deficiency, for Graduates) for graduates that
are graduated \"to contain\" or \"to deliver.\" (The tolerance to be
applied at any graduation is determined by the inside diameter of the
graduate at the graduation in question.)

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 16%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 15%" />
<col style="width: 16%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 16%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10"><p><strong>Table 3.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Maintenance and Acceptance Tolerances, in Excess
and</strong></p>
<p><strong>in Deficiency, for Graduates</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4"><p><strong>Inside Diameter of</strong></p>
<p><strong>Graduate</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><strong>Tolerance</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Inside Diameter of Graduate</strong></td>
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Tolerance</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"><strong>From</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>to but not including</strong></td>
<td><strong>From</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><p><strong>to but not</strong></p>
<p><strong>including</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="3"><strong>millimeters</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>milliliters</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>inches</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>minims</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>0</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>21</p>
<p>26</p>
<p>31</p>
<p>36</p>
<p>41</p>
<p>46</p>
<p>51</p>
<p>56</p>
<p>61</p>
<p>66</p>
<p>71</p>
<p>76</p>
<p>81</p>
<p>86</p>
<p>91</p>
<p>96</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>16</p>
<p>21</p>
<p>26</p>
<p>31</p>
<p>36</p>
<p>41</p>
<p>46</p>
<p>51</p>
<p>56</p>
<p>61</p>
<p>66</p>
<p>71</p>
<p>76</p>
<p>81</p>
<p>86</p>
<p>91</p>
<p>96</p>
<p>101</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>0.1</p>
<p>0.2</p>
<p>0.4</p>
<p>0.6</p>
<p>0.8</p>
<p>1.1</p>
<p>1.4</p>
<p>1.8</p>
<p>2.2</p>
<p>2.8</p>
<p>3.4</p>
<p>4.1</p>
<p>4.8</p>
<p>5.6</p>
<p>6.4</p>
<p>7.2</p>
<p>8.1</p>
<p>9.0</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>0</p>
<p><sup>9</sup>/16</p>
<p><sup>13</sup>/16</p>
<p>1<sup>1</sup>/16</p>
<p>1<sup>5</sup>/16</p>
<p>1<sup>9</sup>/16</p>
<p>1<sup>13</sup>/16</p>
<p>2<sup>1</sup>/16</p>
<p>2<sup>5</sup>/16</p>
<p>2<sup>9</sup>/16</p>
<p>2<sup>13</sup>/16</p>
<p>3<sup>1</sup>/16</p>
<p>3<sup>5</sup>/16</p>
<p>3<sup>9</sup>/16</p>
<p>3<sup>3</sup>/16</p></td>
<td><p><sup>9</sup>/16</p>
<p><sup>13</sup>/16</p>
<p>1<sup>1</sup>/16</p>
<p>1<sup>5</sup>/16</p>
<p>1<sup>9</sup>/16</p>
<p>1<sup>13</sup>/16</p>
<p>2<sup>1</sup>/16</p>
<p>2<sup>5</sup>/16</p>
<p>2<sup>9</sup>/16</p>
<p>2<sup>13</sup>/16</p>
<p>3<sup>1</sup>/16</p>
<p>3<sup>5</sup>/16</p>
<p>3<sup>9</sup>/16</p>
<p>3<sup>13</sup>/16</p>
<p>4<sup>1</sup>/16</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>2</p>
<p>3</p>
<p>6</p>
<p>10</p>
<p>15</p>
<p>20</p>
<p>30</p>
<p>40</p>
<p>50</p>
<p>65</p>
<p>80</p>
<p>95</p>
<p>110</p>
<p>130</p>
<p>150</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10">(Amended 1974)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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