[]{#Introduction
.anchor}![](media/image1.jpeg){width="3.1465277777777776in"
height="2.9270833333333335in"}**Introduction**

**\
**The Lower Willamette 8-Digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) subbasin is
comprised of 260,900 acres in northwest Oregon. It includes the Portland
metropolitan area. Eighty-five percent of the subbasin is in Multnomah
and Columbia Counties. Eighty percent of the 1,126 farms in the subbasin
are less than 50 acres in size.

Over 90 percent of the subbasin is privately owned, and approximately
one-third of that is developed. More than one-half of the private land
is forest land. The remainder of the private land (52,500 acres) is used
for pasture and hay, row crops, shrubs, nurseries, Christmas trees, and
grain crops.

Conservation assistance is provided by three NRCS service centers, one
resource conservation and development (RC&D) office, and four soil and
water conservation districts.

[]{#ProfileContents .anchor}**nts**

> [Introduction](#Introduction)
>
> [Physical Description](#PhysicalDescription)
>
> [Land Use Map & Precipitation Map](#Map)
>
> [Common Resource Area](#CRA)

[Resource Concerns](#ResConcerns)

[Census and Social Data](#census)

[Progress/Status](#ProgressStatus)

[Footnotes/Bibliography](#Footnotes)

**Relief Map**

![](media/image3.jpeg){width="3.7083333333333335in" height="3.875in"}

![](media/image4.jpeg){width="3.4722222222222223in" height="3.75in"}

[]{#PhysicalDescription .anchor}**\
Physical Description** [*Back to Contents*](#ProfileContents)

[]{.mark}

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 23%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2" rowspan="3"><p><strong>Land Cover/Land Use</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>(NLCD</em><a
href="#Footnote2"><sup>/2</sup></a><em>)</em></strong></p></td>
<td colspan="11"><strong>Ownership - <em>(2003 Draft BLM Surface Map
Set</em><a href="#Footnote1"><sup>/1</sup></a></strong><em>)</em></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Public</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Private</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Tribal</strong></td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><strong>Totals <a
href="#Totals"><em><sup>b</sup></em></a></strong></td>
<td rowspan="2"><strong>%</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Acres</strong></td>
<td><strong>%</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Acres</strong></td>
<td><strong>%</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Acres</strong></td>
<td><strong>%</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Forest</td>
<td>12,400</td>
<td>5%</td>
<td colspan="2">93,300</td>
<td>38%</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>111,000</strong></td>
<td><strong>43%</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Grain Crops</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>---</td>
<td colspan="2">*</td>
<td>---</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>*</strong></td>
<td><strong>---</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Conservation Reserve Program Land <a
href="#crp"><em><strong><sup>a</sup></strong></em></a></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td colspan="2">*</td>
<td>---</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>*</strong></td>
<td><strong>---</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Grass/Pasture/Hay</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>---</td>
<td colspan="2">21,600</td>
<td>8%</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>24,900</strong></td>
<td><strong>10%</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Orchards/Vineyards/Nurseries</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>---</td>
<td colspan="2">3,100</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>3,100</strong></td>
<td><strong>1%</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Row Crops</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>---</td>
<td colspan="2">13,200</td>
<td>5%</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>14,300</strong></td>
<td><strong>5%</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Shrub/Rangelands</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>---</td>
<td colspan="2">6,000</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>9,300</strong></td>
<td><strong>4%</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">Water/Wetlands/Developed/Barren</td>
<td>5,500</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td colspan="2">56,400</td>
<td>21%</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>97,200</strong></td>
<td><strong>37%</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Oregon HUC Totals <a
href="#Totals"><em>b</em></a></strong></td>
<td><strong>20,400</strong></td>
<td><strong>8%</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>194,600</strong></td>
<td><strong>74%</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0%</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>260,900</strong></td>
<td><strong>100%</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="13"><p><em>*: Less than one percent of total acres. See
below for special considerations.</em></p>
<p><span id="crp" class="anchor"></span><em>a: Estimate from Farm
Service Agency records and includes CRP/CREP.</em></p>
<p><span id="Totals" class="anchor"></span><em>b: Totals are approximate
due to rounding and small unknown acreages.</em></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="13"><p><strong><u>Special Considerations for This 8-Digit
HUC:</u></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>Thirty-six percent of the private forest land is under industrial
forest ownership (OSU, Forestry Sciences Laboratory).</p></li>
<li><p>Much of the non-industrial private forest land is on farms that
are less than 50 acres in size.</p></li>
<li><p>As of December 2004, there are 58 acres applied to CREP
(FSA).</p></li>
<li><p>Orchards/Vineyards/Nurseries includes other perennial crops such
as nursery stock, hybrid poplar, and Christmas trees.</p></li>
<li><p>Grass/Pasture/Hay includes approximately:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>2,700 acres of grass seed (Pacific Northwest Ecosystem Research
Consortium).</p></li>
<li><p>8,900 acres of pasture (Pacific Northwest Ecosystem Research
Consortium).</p></li>
<li><p>5,300 acres of hay (Pacific Northwest Ecosystem Research
Consortium).</p></li>
<li><p>4,700 acres of miscellaneous grassland (open space/vacant
parcels) within metropolitan areas in Multnomah, Washington, and
Columbia Counties.</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Row crops include a variety of field and vegetable crops grown
for cannery processing and fresh markets.</p></li>
<li><p>There are approximately 2,900 acres of grain (Pacific Northwest
Ecosystem Research Consortium).</p></li>
<li><p>Shrub/Rangelands consists of oak savannah and other open
areas.</p></li>
<li><p>Thirty-seven percent of the watershed consists of urban land
within the metropolitan areas.</p></li>
</ul></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="5"><strong>Irrigated Lands</strong><br />
<em>(1997 NRI<sup>/</sup></em><a href="#Footnote3nri"><sup>3</sup></a>
<em>Estimates for Non-Federal Lands Only)</em></td>
<td colspan="4"><strong>Type of Land</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>ACRES</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>% of<br />
Irrigated Lands</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>% of<br />
HUC</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Cultivated Cropland</td>
<td colspan="3">6,000</td>
<td colspan="3">77%</td>
<td colspan="2">2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">Uncultivated Cropland</td>
<td colspan="3">400</td>
<td colspan="3">5%</td>
<td colspan="2">0%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">Pastureland</td>
<td colspan="3">1,400</td>
<td colspan="3">18%</td>
<td colspan="2">&lt;1%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4"><strong>Total Irrigated Lands</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>7,800</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>100%</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>3%</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

***(Continued on following pages)***

[]{#Map .anchor} [*Back to Contents*](#ProfileContents)

![](media/image5.jpeg){width="5.191666666666666in"
height="5.570138888888889in"}

![](media/image6.jpeg){width="4.28125in" height="4.645833333333333in"}

[]{#CRA .anchor}**Common Resource Area Map** [*Back to
Contents*](#ProfileContents)

**Only the major units are described below - for descriptions of all
units within the HUC, go to:**
<http://ice.or.nrcs.usda.gov/website/cra/viewer.htm>

![](media/image7.jpeg){width="4.428472222222222in"
height="4.745138888888889in"}

**[1.1 - Northern Pacific Coast Range, Foothills, and Valleys --
Volcanics]{.underline}**: This unit is comprised of mountains that have
basalt bedrock and are outside of the \"fogbelt.\" The temperature
regime is mesic and frigid with a small area that is cryic, and the
moisture regime is udic. The vegetation is Douglas-fir and western
hemlock.

**[1.2 - Northern Pacific Coast Range, Foothills, and Valleys - Willapa
Hills]{.underline}**: This unit is comprised of lower elevation
mountains and foothills in the Coast Range. The soils are underlain by
sedimentary rock and are silty and clayey throughout. Some of these
soils have a fragipan. The temperature regime is mesic, and the moisture
regime is udic. The vegetation is Douglas-fir and western hemlock.

**[2.1 - Willamette and Puget Valleys - Portland/Vancouver
Basin]{.underline}**: This unit is comprised of the terraces and flood
plains of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers in the Portland/Vancouver
metropolitan area. The landforms, soils, and vegetation are similar to
those of the remainder of the Willamette Valley, but different
management concerns need to be addressed (urban uses, nurseries, etc.)
because of the H component (humans) within the SWAPA +H. The temperature
regime is mesic, and the moisture regime is xeric.

**[2.3 - Willamette and Puget Valleys - Prairie Terraces]{.underline}**:
This unit is comprised of the terraces in the Willamette Valley. The
soils are well drained to poorly drained. Land use is variable. The
temperature regime is mesic, and the moisture regime is xeric. It
includes numerous ponded seasonal wetlands.

**[2.4 - Willamette and Puget Valleys - Valley Foothills]{.underline}**:
This unit is comprised of the foothills of the Willamette Valley. The
soils are underlain by basalt and sedimentary rock and typically are red
and clayey. The vegetation is Douglas-fir and Oregon white oak. The
temperature regime is mesic, and the moisture regime is xeric. The unit
does not support western hemlock, which is characteristic of the
adjacent units in the Coast and Cascade MLRA\'s.

**Physical Description -- Continued [*Back to
Contents*](#ProfileContents)**

+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  |                          | **ACRES**  | **ACR    |
|                  |                          |            | E-FEET** |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
| **Irrigated      | Surface                  | 13,624     | 34,099   |
| Adjudicated      |                          |            |          |
| Water Rights**   |                          |            |          |
| *(OWRD*[^/4^     |                          |            |          |
| ](#Footnote4)*)* |                          |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | Well                     | 5,699      | 14,263   |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | Total Irrigated          | 19,323     | 48,362   |
|                  | Adjudicated Water Rights |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
| **Stream Flow    | USGS 14211720 WILLAMETTE | **Total    | 24       |
| Data**           | RIVER AT PORTLAND, OR    | Avg.       | ,005,671 |
|                  |                          | Yield**    |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  |                          | **May --   | 4        |
|                  |                          | Sept.      | ,486,784 |
|                  |                          | Yield**    |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  |                          | **MILES**  | **P      |
|                  |                          |            | ERCENT** |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
| **Stream         | Total Miles -- Major     | 372        | \-\--    |
| Data**[^/        | (100K Hydro GIS Layer)   |            |          |
| 5^](#Footnote5)\ |                          |            |          |
| \                |                          |            |          |
| *\*Percent of    |                          |            |          |
| Total Miles\     |                          |            |          |
| of Streams in    |                          |            |          |
| HUC*             |                          |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | 303d/TMDL Listed Streams | 183        | 49%      |
|                  | (DEQ)                    |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | Anadromous Fish Presence | 54         | 15%      |
|                  | (StreamNet)              |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | Bull Trout Presence      | 0          | 0%       |
|                  | (StreamNet)              |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  |                          | **ACRES**  | **P      |
|                  |                          |            | ERCENT** |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
| **Land           | Forest                   | 4,151      | 46%      |
| Cover/Use**[^    |                          |            |          |
| /2^](#Footnote2) |                          |            |          |
| Based on a       |                          |            |          |
| 100-foot stretch |                          |            |          |
| on both\         |                          |            |          |
| sides of all     |                          |            |          |
| streams\         |                          |            |          |
| in the 100K      |                          |            |          |
| Hydro GIS Layer  |                          |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | Grain Crops              | 38         | 0%       |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | Grass/Pasture/Hay        | 651        | 7%       |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | Orchards/Vineyards       | 107        | 1%       |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | Row Crops                | 508        | 6%       |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | Shrub/Rangelands --      | 280        | 3%       |
|                  | Includes CRP Lands       |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | Water/W                  | 3,267      | 36%      |
|                  | etlands/Developed/Barren |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | **Total Acres of         | **9,002**  | *        |
|                  | 100-foot Stream          |            | *\-\--** |
|                  | Buffers**                |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
| **Land           | **1** -- slight          | 0          | 0%       |
| Capability       | limitations              |            |          |
| Class**          |                          |            |          |
|                  |                          |            |          |
| *(Croplands &    |                          |            |          |
| Pasturelands     |                          |            |          |
| Only)*           |                          |            |          |
|                  |                          |            |          |
| *(1997           |                          |            |          |
| NRI*[^/3^        |                          |            |          |
| ](#Footnote3nri) |                          |            |          |
| *Estimates for   |                          |            |          |
| Non-Federal      |                          |            |          |
| Lands Only)*     |                          |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | **2** -- moderate        | 16,700     | 37%      |
|                  | limitations              |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | **3** -- severe          | 13,400     | 30%      |
|                  | limitations              |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | **4** -- very severe     | 2,100      | 5%       |
|                  | limitations              |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | **5** -- no erosion      | 0          | 0%       |
|                  | hazard, but other        |            |          |
|                  | limitations              |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | **6** -- severe          | 12,400     | 28%      |
|                  | limitations; unsuitable  |            |          |
|                  | for cultivation; limited |            |          |
|                  | to pasture, range,       |            |          |
|                  | forest                   |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | **7** -- very severe     | 0          | 0%       |
|                  | limitations; unsuitable  |            |          |
|                  | for cultivation; limited |            |          |
|                  | to grazing, forest,      |            |          |
|                  | wildlife habitat         |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | **8** -- miscellaneous   | 0          | 0%       |
|                  | areas; limited to        |            |          |
|                  | recreation, wildlife     |            |          |
|                  | habitat, water supply    |            |          |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+
|                  | **Total Croplands &      | **44,600** | *        |
|                  | Pasturelands**           |            | *\-\--** |
+------------------+--------------------------+------------+----------+

  --------------------- ----------- ------------ ------------- ----------- ---------- -----------
  **Confined Animal                                                                   
  Feeding Operations --                                                               
  Oregon CAFO Permit --                                                               
  12/2004**                                                                           

  **Animal Type**       **Dairy**   **Feedlot    **Poultry**   **Swine**   **Mink**   **Other**
                                    (Cattle)**                                        

  **No. of Permitted    2           1                                      1          1
  Farms**                                                                             

  **No. of Permitted    1,050       850                                    3,700      150
  Animals**                                                                           
  --------------------- ----------- ------------ ------------- ----------- ---------- -----------

[]{#ResConcerns .anchor}**Resource Concerns** [*Back to
Contents*](#ProfileContents)

-   ![](media/image8.wmf){width="3.8958333333333335in"
    height="3.5208333333333335in"}Sheet and rill erosion by water on
    croplands and pasturelands have been reduced by more than 50,000
    tons of soil per year from 1982 to 1997.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   NRI estimates indicate that 1,400 acres of the agricultural lands
    still had water erosion rates above a sustainable level in 1997.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   Controlling erosion not only sustains the long-term productivity of
    the land, but it also affects the amount of soil, pesticides,
    fertilizer, and other substances that move into the Nation's waters.

-   Through NRCS programs, many farmers and ranchers have applied
    conservation practices to reduce the effects of erosion by water. As
    a result, erosion rates on croplands and pasturelands fell 40
    percent, from 1.6 tons/acre/year to 0.9 ton/acre/year, from 1982 to
    1997.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   The wide array of listed water quality parameters is indicative of
    more intense agricultural uses and suburban, urban, and
    commercial/industrial uses.

-   Conservation practices that can be used to address these water
    quality issues on agricultural lands include erosion control,
    irrigation water management, nutrient and pest management, livestock
    waste management, grazing management, and use of riparian buffers.

+--------------+---+---+-----------+---+--------+------+------------------+
| **Watershed  |   |   |           |   |        |      |                  |
| Projects,    |   |   |           |   |        |      |                  |
| Plans,       |   |   |           |   |        |      |                  |
| Studies, and |   |   |           |   |        |      |                  |
| A            |   |   |           |   |        |      |                  |
| ssessments** |   |   |           |   |        |      |                  |
+--------------+---+---+-----------+---+--------+------+------------------+
| **NRCS       |   |   |           | * |        |      |                  |
| Watershed    |   |   |           | * |        |      |                  |
| Pro          |   |   |           | N |        |      |                  |
| jects[^6^](# |   |   |           | R |        |      |                  |
| Footnote6)** |   |   |           | C |        |      |                  |
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+--------------+---+---+-----------+---+--------+------+------------------+
| **Name**     | * |   |           | * |        |      | **Status**       |
|              | * |   |           | * |        |      |                  |
|              | S |   |           | N |        |      |                  |
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|              | * |   |           |   |        |      |                  |
+--------------+---+---+-----------+---+--------+------+------------------+
| None         |   |   |           | N |        |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           | o |        |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           | n |        |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           | e |        |      |                  |
+--------------+---+---+-----------+---+--------+------+------------------+
| **ODEQ       |   |   |           |   | **ODA  |      |                  |
| T            |   |   |           |   | Agricu |      |                  |
| MDL's[^8^](# |   |   |           |   | ltural |      |                  |
| Footnote8)** |   |   |           |   | Water  |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   | Q      |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   | uality |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   | Mana   |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   | gement |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   | Plans[ |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   | ^9^](# |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   | Footno |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   | te9)** |      |                  |
+--------------+---+---+-----------+---+--------+------+------------------+
| **Name**     |   | * |           |   | **     |      | **Status**       |
|              |   | * |           |   | Name** |      |                  |
|              |   | S |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | t |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | a |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | t |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | u |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | s |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | * |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | * |           |   |        |      |                  |
+--------------+---+---+-----------+---+--------+------+------------------+
| Columbia &   |   | E |           |   | Lower  |      | Completed        |
| Willamette   |   | P |           |   | Will   |      |                  |
| Rivers       |   | A |           |   | amette |      | Completed        |
|              |   | A |           |   |        |      |                  |
| Columbia     |   | p |           |   | North  |      |                  |
| Slough       |   | p |           |   | Coast  |      |                  |
|              |   | r |           |   |        |      |                  |
| Willamette   |   | o |           |   |        |      |                  |
| Basin        |   | v |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | e |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | d |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | - |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | - |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | 1 |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | 9 |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | 9 |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | 1 |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | E |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | P |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | A |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | A |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | p |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | p |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | r |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | o |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | v |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | e |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | d |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | - |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | - |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | 1 |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | 9 |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | 9 |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | 8 |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | D |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | r |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | a |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | f |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | t |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | f |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | o |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | r |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | R |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | e |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | v |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | i |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | e |           |   |        |      |                  |
|              |   | w |           |   |        |      |                  |
+--------------+---+---+-----------+---+--------+------+------------------+
| **OWEB       |   |   | **        |   |        | **N  |                  |
| Watershed    |   |   | Watershed |   |        | WPCC |                  |
| Counc        |   |   | Council   |   |        | Subb |                  |
| ils[^10^](#F |   |   | Asses     |   |        | asin |                  |
| ootnote10)** |   |   | sments[^1 |   |        | P    |                  |
|              |   |   | 1^](#Foot |   |        | lans |                  |
|              |   |   | note11)** |   |        | &    |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   |        | Asse |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   |        | ssme |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   |        | nts[ |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   |        | ^18^ |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   |        | ](#F |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   |        | ootn |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   |        | ote1 |                  |
|              |   |   |           |   |        | 8)** |                  |
+--------------+---+---+-----------+---+--------+------+------------------+
| Columbia     |   |   | Fairview  |   |        | Wi   |                  |
| Slough,      |   |   | Creek,    |   |        | llam |                  |
| Fairview     |   |   | Scappoose |   |        | ette |                  |
| Creek,       |   |   | Bay, and  |   |        |      |                  |
| Johnson      |   |   | Tualatin  |   |        |      |                  |
| Creek,       |   |   | River     |   |        |      |                  |
| Scappoose    |   |   | Watershed |   |        |      |                  |
| Bay, and     |   |   | As        |   |        |      |                  |
| Tryon Creek  |   |   | sessments |   |        |      |                  |
| Watershed    |   |   |           |   |        |      |                  |
| Councils     |   |   |           |   |        |      |                  |
+--------------+---+---+-----------+---+--------+------+------------------+

![](media/image3.jpeg){width="6.519444444444445in"
height="8.436805555555555in"}

**Map Footnote [^/17^](#footnote17)**

**Resource Concerns - Continued [*Back to Contents*](#ProfileContents)**

  ------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------ --------- --------- ------------------ ----------------- ------------
  **Resource                                                                                                                     
  Concerns/Issues by                                                                                                             
  Land Use**                                                                                                                     

  **SWAPA +H          **Specific Resource            **Pasture\\Hay**   **Grain   **Row     **Orchard/Vine**   **Shrub/Range**   **Forest**
  Concerns**          Concern/Issue**                                   Crops**   Crops**                                        

  Soil Erosion        Sheet and Rill                                    X         X         X                                    

                      Concentrated Flow or Gully                                  X         X                                    X

                      Classic Gully                                                                                              X

                      Streambank                     X                                                                           X

                      Irrigation Induced                                          X         X                                    

  Soil Condition      Tilth, Crusting, Infiltration,                    X         X         X                                    
                      Organic Matter                                                                                             

                      Soil Compaction                X                  X                                                        X

  Water Quantity      Ponding and Flooding                              X                                                        

                      Water Management For Irrigated                              X         X                                    
                      Land                                                                                                       

  Water Quality,      Pesticides                                                            X                                    X
  Groundwater                                                                                                                    

                      Nutrients and Organics         X                                      X                                    X

                      Pathogens                      X                                                                           

  Water Quality,      Pesticides                     X                  X                                                        X
  Surface                                                                                                                        

                      Nutrients and Organics         X                  X                   X                                    X

                      Suspended Sediments and                                                                                    X
                      Turbidity                                                                                                  

                      Pathogens                      X                                                                           

                      Aquatic Habitat Suitability                                                                                X

  Plant Suitability   Site and Intended Use          X                                                                           X
                      Suitability                                                                                                

  Plant Condition     Productivity, Health, and                                                                                  
                      Vigor                                                                                                      

                      Noxious and Invasive Plants                                 X         X                  X                 X

  Plant Management    Establishment, Growth, and                        X         X         X                                    X
                      Harvest                                                                                                    

  Animal Habitat,     Management                     X                                                                           
  Domestic                                                                                                                       

  Animal Habitat,     Management                                                                                                 X
  Wildlife                                                                                                                       

  Human, Economics    Land Use                                                              X                                    X
                      Constraints/Restrictions                                                                                   

                      High Capital/Financial Cost    X                                                                           

                      High Labor Cost or                                                                                         X
                      Availability                                                                                               

                      High Management Level Required X                  X         X                                              

                      Low or Unreliable              X                  X         X         X                                    
                      Profitability                                                                                              

  Human, Political    Inadequate Availability of                                                                                 X
                      Cost Share Programs                                                                                        
  ------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------ --------- --------- ------------------ ----------------- ------------

**Grass/Pasture/Hay**

-   Complications related to overgrazing include poor pasture condition,
    soil compaction, and water quality.

-   Control of noxious and invasive plants is an ever-increasing
    problem.

-   The small, part-time farms are less likely to adopt conservation
    practices because of cost and low income.

**Row and Perennial Crops (Orchards/Vineyards/Nurseries)**

-   Management of residue, nutrients, and pests is needed to control
    erosion and to maintain water quality.

-   The small, part-time farms are less likely to adopt conservation
    practices because of cost and low income.

**Forest Land**

-   Erosion, water quality, and productivity are issues on the private,
    non-industrial forest land.

-   On non-industrial forest land, landowner objectives commonly do not
    include actively managing the land for timber production. Land use
    constraints and lack of economic incentives further discourage use
    of conservation practices.

+--------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| **Federally Listed Threatened And    |                               |
| Endangered                           |                               |
| Species[^/12^](#Footnote12)**        |                               |
+--------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| **THREATENED SPECIES**               | **CANDIDATE SPECIES**         |
+--------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| **Mammals --** Columbian             | **Fish** - Steelhead (Oregon  |
| white-tailed deer, Canada lynx       | Coast), Coho salmon (Lower    |
|                                      | Columbia River)               |
| **Birds -** Bald eagle, Northern     |                               |
| spotted owl                          | **Birds --** Yellow-billed    |
|                                      | cuckoo, Streaked horned lark  |
| **Fish -** Chum salmon, Steelhead,   |                               |
| Chinook salmon, Bull trout           | **Amphibians and Reptiles     |
|                                      | --** Oregon spotted frog      |
| **Plants --** Golden Indian          |                               |
| paintbrush, Willamette daisy,        |                               |
| Howellia, Bradshaw\'s lomatium,      |                               |
| Kincaid's lupine, Nelson\'s          |                               |
| checker-mallow                       |                               |
+--------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                                      | **Proposed Species** None     |
+--------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| **Essential Fish                     |                               |
| Habitat**[^/13^](#Footnote13) **--** |                               |
| Coho, Chinook                        |                               |
+--------------------------------------+-------------------------------+

[]{#census .anchor}**Census and Social Data**[^/14^](#Footnote14) [*Back
to Contents*](#ProfileContents)

![](media/image4.wmf){width="3.8243055555555556in"
height="1.625in"}**Number of Farms: 1,126**

**Number of Operators: 1,860**

-   Full-Time Operators: **526**

-   Part-Time Operators: **1,334**

**Estimated Level of Willingness and 987Ability to Participate in
Conservation**[^[/15]{.underline}^](#Footnote15)**: LOW TO MODERATE**

Generally, agricultural landowners in the watershed are well educated
and have a positive stewardship attitude. To increase conservation
participation, however, many need substantial technical assistance to
overcome a lack of management experience, to increase their knowledge of
the effect of their operation on local resources problems, and to gain
an appreciation of the benefits of conservation. The primary occupation
of a majority of the operators is [not]{.underline} agriculture; thus,
they have difficulty finding the *time* to plan and implement
conservation on their land.

**Evaluation of Social Capital**[^[/16]{.underline}^](#Footnote16)**:
LOW TO MODERATE**

The communities in the watershed have adequate leadership and some
experience working together to solve problems, but the leadership and
experience is largely in the urban areas. Rural communities might be
better able to promote conservation and assist their residents in
adoption of conservation systems if community development efforts
focused on increasing public participation in community groups,
expanding the awareness of natural resources issues throughout the rural
community, and initiating locally-led planning efforts.

![](media/image5.png){width="3.486111111111111in"
height="3.763888888888889in"}

![](media/image7.png){width="3.3784722222222223in"
height="3.3472222222222223in"}

[]{#ProgressStatus .anchor}***Progress/Status** [Back to
Contents](#ProfileContents)*

  ---------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- -----------
  **PRMS Data**                **FY99**   **FY00**   **FY01**   **FY02**   **FY03**   **Avg/Year**   **Total**

  Total Conservation Systems   4,845      424        115        128        44         1,111          5,556
  Planned (Acres)                                                                                    

  Total Conservation Systems   3,880      430        1,394      5          38         1,149          5,747
  Applied (Acres)                                                                                    

  **Conservation Treatment**   ** **                                                                 

  Waste Management (Number)    2          0          0          0          2          1              4

  Riparian Forest Buffers      0          259        3          2          5          54             269
  (Acres)                                                                                            

  Erosion Control (Acres)      1,763      97         12         0          150        404            2,022

  Irrigation Water Management  424        207        38         22         0          138            691
  (Acres)                                                                                            

  Nutrient Management (Acres)  1,222      0          313        22         75         326            1,632

  Pest Management (Acres)      490        236        393        1          97         243            1,217

  Prescribed Grazing (Acres)   527        202        134        4          118        197            985

  Trees and Shrubs (Acres)     789        131        33         1          49         201            1,003

  Conservation Tillage (Acres) 295        122        139        0          0          111            556

  Wildlife Habitat (Acres)     2,375      555        1,224      3          117        855            4,274

  Wetlands (Acres)             2          224        475        0          142        169            843
  ---------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- -----------

-   ![](media/image8.wmf){width="3.75in" height="3.0in"}Progress over
    the last five years has been focused on:

```{=html}
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```
-   Erosion control and nutrient and pest management on cropland.

```{=html}
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```
-   Wildlife habitat management in riparian areas and on uplands.

```{=html}
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```
-   Farmers producing row crops typically rely upon cannery consultants
    and fertilizer dealers.

-   Farmers producing perennial crops such as nursery stock and
    Christmas trees commonly do not seek assistance from NRCS or SWCDs.

-   Much of the pasture that is at the benchmark level is on small
    farms.

-   Private industrial forest landowners typically do not work with NRCS
    and SWCDs; however, their land usually complies with State forest
    practice requirements.

-   Much of the rangeland and forest land in the watershed is on farms
    less than 50 acres in size and is not managed for forage or timber.
    The non-industrial private forest land commonly does not comply with
    the State forest practice requirements.

*Estimates are based on information received from local
conservationists.*

**Lands Removed from Production through Farm Bill Programs**

-   Conservation Reserve Program (CRP): **[none]{.underline}**

-   Wetland Restoration Program (WRP): **[294 acres]{.underline}**

-   Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP): **[58
    acres]{.underline}**

**\
**[]{#Footnotes .anchor}**Footnotes/Bibliography** [*Back to
Contents*](#ProfileContents)

All data is provided "as is." There are no warranties, express or
implied, including the warranty of fitness\
for a particular purpose, accompanying this document. Use for general
planning purposes only.

[]{#Footnote1 .anchor}

1.  Ownership Layer -- Source: The 1:24,000 scale public ownership layer
    is the land ownership/management for public entities, including
    Federal, Tribal, State, and local entities. This is a seamless,
    statewide Oregon Public Ownership vector layer composed of fee
    ownership of lands by Federal, State, Tribal, county, and city
    agencies. The layer is comprised of the best available data compiled
    at 1:24,000 scale or larger, and the line work matches GCDB boundary
    locations and ORMAP standards where possible. The layer is available
    from the State of Oregon GIS Service Center:
    <http://www.gis.state.or.us/data/alphalist.html>. For current
    ownership status, consult official records at appropriate Federal,
    State, and county offices. Ownership classes grouped to calculate
    Federal ownership vs. non-Federal ownership by the Water Resources
    Planning Team.[]{#Footnote2 .anchor}

```{=html}
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```
1.  National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) - Originator: U.S. Geological
    Survey (USGS);\
    Publication date: 19990631; Title: Oregon Land Cover Data Set,
    Edition: 1;\
    Geospatial data presentation form: Raster digital data; Publisher:
    U.S. Geological Survey,\
    Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Online linkage:
    <http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/programs/lccp/nationallandcover.html>;
    Abstract: These data can be used in a geographic information system
    (GIS) for any number of purposes, such as assessing wildlife
    habitat, water quality, pesticide runoff, land use change, etc. The
    State data sets are provided with a 300-meter buffer beyond the
    State border to facilitate combining the State files into larger
    regions.[]{#Footnote3nri .anchor}

2.  ESTIMATES FROM THE 1997 NRI DATABASE (REVISED DECEMBER 2000) REPLACE
    ALL PREVIOUS REPORTS AND ESTIMATES. Comparisons made using data
    published for the 1982, 1987, or 1992 NRI may produce erroneous
    results. This is because of changes in statistical estimation
    protocols and because all data collected prior to 1997 were
    simultaneously reviewed (edited) as 1997 NRI data were collected.
    All definitions are available in the glossary. In addition, this
    December 2000 revision of the 1997 NRI data updates information
    released in December 1999 and corrects a computer error discovered
    in March 2000. For more information:
    <http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/>[]{#Footnote4 .anchor}

3.  Irrigated Adjudicated Water Rights -- Water Rights Information
    System (WRIS), Oregon Water Resources Department,
    <http://www.wrd.state.or.us/maps/wrexport.shtml>[]{#Footnote5
    .anchor}

4.  StreamNet is a cooperative venture of the Pacific Northwest\'s fish
    and wildlife agencies and tribes and is administered by the [Pacific
    States Marine Fisheries Commission](http://www.psmfc.org/).
    StreamNet provided data and data services in support of the
    region\'s fish and wildlife program and other efforts to manage and
    restore the region\'s aquatic resources. Official StreamNet website:
    <http://www.streamnet.org/>[]{#Footnote6 .anchor}

5.  Natural Resources Conservation Service, Watershed Projects Planned
    and Authorized,
    <http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/watershed/Purpose>.

6.  []{#Footnote7 .anchor}Natural Resources Conservation Service,
    Watershed Plans, Studies, and Assessments completed,
    [http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/watershed/Surveys_Plng.html#Watershed%20Surveys%20and%20Plan](http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/watershed/Surveys_Plng.html#Watershed Surveys and Plan)

7.  []{#Footnote8 .anchor}Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
    Total Maximum Daily Loads,
    <http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/TMDLs/TMDLs.htm>

8.  []{#Footnote9 .anchor}Oregon Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
    Water Quality Management Plans,
    <http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/NRD/water_agplans.shtml>

**Footnotes/Bibliography Continued** [*Back to
Contents*](#ProfileContents)

All data is provided "as is." There are no warranties, express or
implied, including the warranty of fitness\
for a particular purpose, accompanying this document. Use for general
planning purposes only.

9.  []{#Footnote10 .anchor}Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board,
    <http://oregon.gov/OWEB/WSHEDS/index.shtml>

10. []{#Footnote11 .anchor}Watershed Assessments completed by local
    watershed councils following the Oregon Watershed Assessment Manual,
    <http://oregon.gov/OWEB/docs/pubs/ws_assess_manual.shtml>.

11. []{#Footnote12 .anchor}NRCS Field Office Technical Guide, Section
    II, Threatened and Endangered List.

12. []{#Footnote13 .anchor}Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and
    Management Act, Public Law 94-265. As amended through October 11,
    1996.

13. []{#Footnote14 .anchor}Data were taken from the 2002 Agricultural
    Census and adjusted by percent of HUC in the county or by percent of
    zip code area in the HUC, depending on the level of data available.
    Data were also taken from the U.S. Population Census, 2000.

14. []{#Footnote15 .anchor}Conservation participation was estimated
    using NRCS Social Sciences Technical Note 1801, [Guide for
    Estimating Participation in Conservation]{.underline}, 2004. Four
    categories of indicators were evaluated: Personal characteristics,
    farm structural characteristics, perceptions of conservation, and
    community context. Estimates are based on information received from
    local conservationists in the watershed.

15. []{#Footnote16 .anchor}Social capital is an indicator of the
    community's ability and willingness to work together to solve
    problems. A high amount of social capital helps a community to be
    physically healthy, socially progressive, and economically vigorous.
    A low amount of social capital typically results in community
    conflict, lack of trust and respect, and unsuccessful attempts to
    solve problems. The evaluation is based on NRCS Technical Report
    Release 4.1, March, 2002: [Adding Up Social Capital: An Investment
    in Communities]{.underline}. Local conservationists provided
    information to measure social capital. Scores range from 0 to 76.

16. [Surface and Groundwater Resource Protection Map]{.underline}

    a.  []{#footnote17 .anchor}2002 303d Listed Streams designated by
        Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and approved by the
        Environmental Protection Agency, Section 303d Clean Water Act,
        <http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/303dlist/303dpage.htm>

    b.  Groundwater Management Areas designated by the Oregon Department
        of Environmental Quality, Oregon Revised Statutes -- Ground
        Water ORS 468B.150 to ORS 468B.190,
        <http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/groundwa/wqgw.htm>

    c.  Groundwater Restricted Areas designated by Oregon Water
        Resources Commission, Oregon Department of Water Resources,
        <http://egov.oregon.gov/OWRD/PUBS/aquabook_protections.shtml>

    d.  The Sole Source Aquifer (SSA) Protection Program is authorized
        by Section 1424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
        (Public Law 93-523, 42 U.S.C. 300 et. seq),
        <http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ssanp.html>

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```
1.  []{#Footnote18 .anchor}Subbasin assessments and plans are developed
    by local groups (SWCDs, watershed councils, tribes, and others) as
    part of the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's fish and
    wildlife program in the Columbia River Basin. This program is funded
    and implemented by the Bonneville Power Administration.
    <http://www.nwcouncil.org/fw/subbasinplanning/Default.htm>.