[NIH Funds:]{.smallcaps}

-   Prostitute/Masseuse Study (NIDA): estimated \$3.2 million over 5
    years

-   Study of Porn Reactions (NICHD): \$147,000 over 2 years

-   American Indian Transgender Research (NIMH): estimated \$3 million
    over 6 years

-   Study on Sexual Habits of Older Men (NICHD): estimated \$276,000
    over 4 years

-   Study on Mediums/Spirit Possession Religion (NCCAM): to date
    \$107,000

-   Study to Promote the Morning-After Pill (NICHD): estimated \$2.5
    million over 5 years

-   Conference on Sexual Arousal (NICHD): \$26,000 for 1 year

-   Study on Mood Arousal & Sexual Risk Taking (NICHD): estimated
    \$470,000 over 2 years

-   China Panda Research (NICHD): estimated \$1.2 million over 6 years

-   Sexologist (NICHD): estimated over \$4.6 million over unknown number
    of years

NIH-funded Prostitute/Masseuse Study

NIH's National Institute on Drug Abuse

(Prostitution is illegal in California)

<http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6515840&p_grant_num=5R01DA013896-02&p_query=&ticket=4087006&p_audit_session_id=18567535&p_keywords>[=]{.underline}

**Abstract:** SPECIFIC AIMS: The proposed study will describe drug use
and HIV-related behaviors among Asian female **commercial sex workers**
**at massage parlors** (**Asian masseuses**) [in San
Francisco]{.underline}. The study will also conduct an intervention and
evaluate the efficacy of two intervention modalities: One which targets
the environmental level (Massage Parlor Owner Education Program) and one
which targets the individual level (Peer/Professional Counseling
Program). Through this intervention study, the determinants of
HIV-related risk and protective behaviors among the targeted Thai and
Vietnamese masseuses will be identified. The study will be conducted
through the collaboration with the Asian and Pacific Islander Wellness
Center (APIWC), which has been providing AIDS prevention programs to the
target groups. The objectives of the study are: 1) To describe drug use
and HIV- related behaviors among Asian masseuses at massage parlors,
where risk and urgent needs for interventions are evident but research
has thus far been limited, 2) To examine the working conceptual model
for the intervention, which is specific to masseuses\' gender, culture,
and occupation, 3) To develop and evaluate the intervention programs, in
which the constructs of the conceptual model will be addressed at both
individual and environmental levels to increase masseuses\' protective
behaviors against drug abuse, HIV/STD infection, and violence, and 4) To
disseminate the study findings through local and national networks among
AIDS service organizations (ASOs) and Asian American ethnic
organizations and in professional journals. METHODS: The study has three
stages: 1) Preparation of the study, including staff training, mapping,
focus groups, and a pilot study, 2) Conducting the intervention study,
and 3) Data analyses and dissemination of the study findings. Eight
focus groups (2 for each group: **Thai masseuses; Vietnamese masseuses;
massage parlor owners; customers) will be conducted to identify and
describe drug use and HIV-related behaviors at massage parlors.** Based
on the focus groups, mapping, and a pilot intervention study (2 owners
and 24 masseuses), the intervention study will be finalized. The study
will evaluate the efficacy of the intervention based on a 2 (Owner
Education vs. Control) by 3 (Peer Counseling vs. Professional Counseling
vs. Control), by 2 (Thai vs. Vietnamese) longitudinal design (pre-,
post-, and follow-up tests). A total of 12 owners, and 96 Thai and 96
Vietnamese masseuses will be randomly assigned to the conditions. The
specific hypotheses and conceptual model will be tested by qualitative
as well as quantitative analyses. SIGNIFICANCE: This will be the first
HIV prevention intervention study targeting Asian **commercial sex
workers** at massage parlors in the U.S. Asian masseuses are hard to
reach and have been neglected by HIV/AIDS and drug abuse prevention
efforts and health care systems. The study will assess the impact of
drug abuse and HIV/STDs among the targeted and affected populations in
the community, promote protective work environment through massage
parlor owners, promote rotective behaviors among masseuses, and
contribute to HIV prevention theories through incorporating the
constructs of gender, culture, and occupation.

NIH-funded Study of Porn Reactions

NIH's Institute of Child Health and Human Development

*Grant reported on in The Washington Times, The Drudge Report, Brit Hume
Fox News, CNN Talk Back Live, Rush Limbaugh, NY Post, MSNBC Hardball,
Jay Leno, Fox News: The O\'Reilly Factor (December2002-January 2003)*

Researcher as quoted by *The* *Washington Times*, "I think it\'s
extremely important research, and I think it\'s pathetic how skittish
the government is about funding research about sex," Mr. Bailey said.

Researcher continued: "Our study used "porn" in the same way that many
other worthwhile studies have used it---to evoke sexual arousal."

<http://www.psych.nwu.edu/psych/people/faculty/bailey/arousal.html>

**NIH spokesman** defends grant in the *NY Post*, "Robert Bock said
it\'s hoped the findings will help in the battle against sexually
transmitted diseases. 'People are more likely to engage in risky sexual
behavior when they are sexually aroused, so a better understanding of
sexual arousal is important to developing more effective strategies,' he
said."

[http://commons.cit.nih.gov/crisp3/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6526505&p_grant_num=5R03HD041770-02&p_query=&ticket=2221548&p_audit_session_id=11242709&p_keywords=]{.underline}

<http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6230060&p_grant_num=1R03HD041770-01&p_query=&ticket=6432113&p_audit_session_id=28862449&p_keywords>[=]{.underline}

  --------------- -------------------------------------------------------
  **Grant         5R03HD041770-02
  Number:**       

  **PI Name:**    BAILEY, J MICHAEL.

  **PI Email:**   <jm-bailey@nwu.edu>

  **PI Title:**   

  **Project       **IS FEMALE SEXUAL AROUSAL TARGET SPECIFIC**?
  Title:**        
  --------------- -------------------------------------------------------

> ***Abstract:** DESCRIPTION (adapted from investigator\'s abstract):
> One of the strongest correlates of male sexual orientation is sexual
> arousal to male versus female stimuli. Subjectively and genitally, gay
> men respond much more strongly to sexual stimuli depicting men than
> women, and heterosexual men show an opposite pattern. The
> investigators refer to the tight linkage between sexual orientation
> and sexual arousal patterns as \"target specificity.\" There has been
> inadequate attention to the question of whether female sexual
> orientation is target specific. However, some research to data,
> including our own preliminary data, suggests that target specificity
> is much weaker for women than for men. This is particularly true of
> genital sexual arousal. To date research has failed to identify any
> aspect of sexual stimuli, including the sex of individuals depicted in
> the stimuli, that correlates reliably with female sexual orientation.
> One interpretation is that female genital arousal is provoked by a
> broad range of sexual stimuli. **The investigators will assess the
> subjective and genital arousal of 180 lesbian, bisexual, and
> heterosexual women as they watch erotic video clips of lesbian, gay,
> or heterosexual interactions.** They will also include a sexual
> stimulus depicting nonhuman animals, which we expect to be
> nonarousing, in an attempt to demonstrate at specificity of female
> genital response. If female target specificity exists, then lesbians
> should be most aroused by lesbian stimuli, and heterosexual women
> should be most aroused to the gay male stimuli, with bisexual women
> showing an intermediate pattern. The investigators argue that results
> will inform psychological theories of female sexual orientation
> regardless of specific outcome. This proposed study represents a
> marked departure from the principal investigator\'s previous work,
> which has primarily focused on the genetic and developmental* origins
> of male and female sexual orientation.

  ------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
  **Institution:**   NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

                     633 CLARK ST

                     EVANSTON, IL 60208

  **Fiscal Year:**   2002

  **Department:**    PSYCHOLOGY

  **Project Start:** 01-SEP-2001

  **Project End:**   31-AUG-2003

  **ICD:**           **NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN
                     DEVELOPMENT**

  **IRG:**           ZRG1
  ------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------

NIH Funds American Indian Transgender Research

NIH's Institute of Mental Health

<http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6607166&p_grant_num=5R01MH065871-02&p_query=(lesbian)&ticket=4604417&p_audit_session_id=20553113&p_audit_score=15&p_audit_numfound=17&p_keywords=lesbian>

  ------------------ ----------------------------------------------------
  **Grant Number:**  1R01MH065871-01

  **PI Name:**       WALTERS, KARINA L.

  **PI Email:**      <kw5@u.washington.edu>

  **PI Title:**      ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

  **Project Title:** Health Survey of Two-Spirited Native Americans
  ------------------ ----------------------------------------------------

> **Abstract:** DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): **American Indian
> and Alaskan Native lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and
> two-spirited individuals (two spirits) are a drastically understudied
> and underserved group, at risk for multiple health and mental health
> problems**. There are no national, quantitative, representative
> studies of this population on any topic. This application, in response
> to PA-01-096, is for a FIRST TIME R01 by a NEW INVESTIGATOR. Building
> upon solid preliminary data, it proposes three innovative and
> significant aims. First, we will conduct structured survey interviews
> with 400 two spirits drawn from six sites across the U.S. With these
> interview data, we will test a theoretical model of stress and coping
> specific to this population. Sub-aims are to (a) establish preliminary
> prevalence rates of trauma and health outcomes (i.e., HIV sexual risk
> behaviors, alcohol and other drug use, and mental health indicators);
> (b) test the direct associations between trauma and health outcomes;
> (c) determine how cultural and spiritual coping factors moderate the
> effect of trauma on health outcomes; and (d) examine the mediating
> role of substance use on the trauma-HIV sexual risk behavior and
> trauma-mental health relationships. The second aim is to test the,
> feasibility of an innovative non-probability sampling methodology that
> combines targeted, partial network, and respondent-driven sampling
> procedures in order to approximate a representative national sample of
> two spirits. Additionally, we will test the feasibility of two
> different mechanisms (agency based vs. census based) by which we
> execute this sampling method. Our results will contribute toward the
> refinement of a sample strategy useful in studying other hidden and
> stigmatized populations. Our third and final aim is to conduct a
> qualitative study involving 12 focus groups and 60 key informant
> interviews in order to identify emergent themes regarding stressors
> and coping strategies specific to two spirits. Through the course of
> this project, we aim to develop the research infrastructure at the six
> community agencies comprising our participant recruitment sites in
> order to facilitate future goals of designing and evaluating
> interventions to address the urgent needs of two spirits.

  ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
  **Institution:**   UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON

                     SEATTLE, WA 98195

  **Fiscal Year:**   2002

  **Department:**    NONE

  **Project Start:** 28-JUN-2002

  **Project End:**   31-MAY-2007

  **ICD:**           NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH

  **IRG:**           ZRG1
  ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------

NIH Funds Study on Sexual Habits of Older Men

NIH's Institute of Child Health and Human Development

*Grant reported on in The Washington Times and on Fox News (May 2003)*

<http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6526399&p_grant_num=5R03HD039206-02&p_query=&ticket=3384170&p_audit_session_id=16205242&p_keywords>=

**Abstract:** Sexuality has an enormous impact on the quality of life of
aging men. Numerous studies have shown that the decline in sexual
function and frequency of intercourse is strongly related to age, but
that many men remain sexually active into their 80s and 90s. Studies
also suggest that declines in intercourse and function (and other
\"objective\' aspect of sexual behavior) are often not accompanied by
declines in levels of interest or satisfaction (or other \'subjective\'
aspects). **However, none of these studies provide unconfounded
estimates of the normative decline in sexual behavior, especially with
regard to behavior, especially with regard to behaviors (such as
masturbation) that may be substituted for more rigorous activities.**
With the graying of the American population, these issue should become
increasingly important. Indeed, a recent conference on Gender and Human
Sexuality sponsored by Columbia University and the NIH strongly
recommended additional research on aging and sexual function among
non-patient samples.

Limitations of current knowledge in the area of older male sexual
behavior include: (1) the use of cross-sectional rather than
longitudinal data; (2) limited data on a range of sexual behavior
outcomes; (3) limited information on variables that may confound the
relation of age to sexual behavior; and finally, (4) the use of small,
clinic-based, convenience samples.

The proposed study will make use of the rich dataset of the longitudinal
population-based Massachusetts Make Aging Study to examine trends over a
9-yr period in a range of sexual behavior (e.g., frequency of
intercourse, orgasm, erections, and masturbation, as well as sexual
fantasies, desire, interest, enjoyment, and expectations).

Unlike similar studies, the MMAS database has available information on
demographics, health status, physiological measures (hormones,
anthropometrics), psychosocial and social status factors, and
lifestyles. **As proposed, this research will provide the most
comprehensive picture to date of the sexual behavior of aging men** with
respect to its trends over time, what factors contribute to these
trends, and whether declines in sexual behavior are associated with
sexual dissatisfaction.

  -------------- -----------------------------------------------------------
  Institution:   NEW ENGLAND RESEARCH INSTITUTES, INC.

                 9 GALEN ST

                 WATERTOWN, MA 02472

  Fiscal Year:   2002

  Department:    

  Project Start: 15-AUG-2001

  Project End:   31-JUL-2004

  ICD:           NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

  IRG:           CHHD
  -------------- -----------------------------------------------------------

NIH Funds Study on Mediums/Spirit Possession Religion

NIH National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine

<http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6598498&p_grant_num=5F31AT000065-03&p_query=(religion)&ticket=3357512&p_audit_session_id=15776616&p_audit_score=26&p_audit_numfound=44&p_keywords=religion>

**Abstract:** DESCRIPTION While it is the business of medical
anthropology to investigate the effects of culture on the appearance,
interpretation, expression, and experience of illness, of illness, such
investigation has rarely focused on issues of mental health.
Consequently, the apparent overlap between mediumship and
psychopathology noted by researchers from anthropology and cross-
cultural psychology has not been critically examined from this
perspective. **Mediums, or individuals who regularly enter altered
states of consciousness as part of religious ritual**, like individuals
who suffer from psychopathologies, are likely to have special
characteristics-social, psychological, or otherwise-that contribute to
their status. This research will treat mediumship and psychopathology as
parallel (but not equivalent) contribute to their status. This research
will treat mediumship and psychopathology as parallel (but not
equivalent) outcomes, and will seek to model the developmental etiology
of mediumship. The factors that contribute to mediumship, and the way
social environment, in the form of shared systems of meaning, shapes
predisposing factors into different types of outcomes, will be examined.
This research will use ethnographic, psychological, and
psychophysiological methods to investigate the hypothesis that mediums
are distinguished by profiles of physiological reactivity,
psychological/personality traits, and social/demographic characteristics
that overlap with characteristics associated with vulnerability to
certain psychopathologies. **Of direct relevance to public health is the
possibility that differences between notions of disorder and deviance
found in cultural environments in which such religious beliefs are
prevalent**, and ones in which psychomedical paradigms dominate, will
contribute to differences in the social interpretations dominate, will
contribute to differences in the social interpretation and public
expression of individual characteristics, and more importantly, to the
actual mental health outcomes associated with them.

  ------------------ -------------------------------------------------------
  **Institution:**   EMORY UNIVERSITY

                     1784 NORTH DECATUR ROAD

                     ATLANTA, GA 30322

  **Fiscal Year:**   2002

  **Department:**    ANTHROPOLOGY

  **Project Start:** 01-OCT-2002

  **Project End:**   

  **ICD:**           NATIONAL CENTER FOR COMPLEMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE
                     MEDICINE

  **IRG:**           ZAT1
  ------------------ -------------------------------------------------------

*The Atlanta Journal-Constitution*\
November 2, 2003 Sunday Home Edition\
SECTION: News; Pg. 5A\
\
U.S.-paid research placed under moral microscope;\
Lists recall Golden Fleece awards of \'80s\
\
BYLINE: DAVID WAHLBERG

...

Emory makes list\
\
Rebecca Seligman, an Emory graduate student in anthropology, is named on
a \"short list\" of 10 researchers compiled by the House members. ...

Seligman studies spiritual mediums in a community of African-Brazilians,
looking at the effect of religion and rituals on mental health.\
\
[Many mediums, who believe they can be possessed by spirits, have had
traumatic life experiences that might lead to mental illness without
that outlet, which lets them sing, dance and counsel others, Seligman
said. \"Their position as religious expert helps them behave as people
who have this positive gift, rather than people who have a burden of
illness,\" she said.]{.mark}\
\
Their experience is relevant to Americans with mental illness, who are
often put in institutions or on medication, Seligman said. \"We\'re
talking about behavior that can contribute to people\'s health and
well-being,\" she said.

**NIH Funds Study to Promote the Morning-After Pill**

**NIH's Institute of Child Health and Human Development**

> <http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6526421&p_grant_num=5R01HD039907-02&p_query=&ticket=3445721&p_audit_session_id=16630460&p_keywords>=
>
> **Abstract:** DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Emergency
> contraceptive pills (ECPs) can substantially reduce the chance of
> unintended pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. However, over the
> longer term, broad availability of this method could affect women\'s
> use of other contraceptive methods, which could in turn have either
> beneficial or adverse consequences on the risk of pregnancy and
> sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Data on this issue are needed
> to inform policies and practices regarding provision of ECPs to women.
> The primary purpose of the proposed randomized trial is to evaluate
> the impact of maximally increased access to ECPs on pregnancy and STI
> rates. Secondary research aims are (1) to determine what contraceptive
> or STI-prevention behaviors are influenced by ready access to ECPs.
> and (2) to examine determinants of these behaviors. The trial will be
> conducted in young, primarily minority women, a population with a
> disproportionately high risk of these two outcomes. Sexually active
> women who are using barrier methods of contraception, oral
> contraceptive pills, or no contraception will be enrolled at two
> clinics in Indiana and California. Each woman will be randomly
> assigned to one of two groups. **In the standard care group, women
> will be counseled about ECPs and invited to come to the clinic to
> obtain them (at usual clinic charges) when necessary. In the advance
> provision group, women will be given a supply of ECPs free of charge
> to keep at home in case of need.** The two groups will be monitored
> over the following year. The primary analysis will compare the two
> groups for: 1. the 12-month incidence of pregnancy, and 2. the
> combined 12-month incidence of three STIs: cervical gonorrhea
> infection, cervical chlamydia infection and vaginal trichomoniasis. In
> addition, we will also compare behaviors in the two groups,
> specifically use of condoms, other contraceptive methods, and ECPs,
> and also motivating or deterrent determinants of these behaviors using
> a modified Health Behavior framework. These secondary analyses should
> help explain the primary biologic outcomes and should be useful in the
> development of counseling messages and service protocols in the
> future.

  ------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  **Institution:**   FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL

                     BOX 13950

                     RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709

  **Fiscal Year:**   2002

  **Department:**    

  **Project Start:** 01-AUG-2001

  **Project End:**   31-JUL-2005

  **ICD:**           NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

  **IRG:**           SNEM
  ------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

**NIH Funds Conference on Sexual Arousal**

**NIH's Institute of Child Health and Human Development**

<http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6557011&p_grant_num=1R13HD043068-01&p_query=&ticket=3644816&p_audit_session_id=17219592&p_keywords>=

\[Note the abstract available publicly on the NIH website notes that it
"revised by applicant." When comparing the researchers original grant
application with the revised version it appears the main modification by
the applicant was to remove the words "sexual" and "arousal." The
original phrasing of the grant application has been added by this editor
to demonstrate how this researcher made public access to his grant
abstract much more vague and perhaps less controversial\]

DESCRIPTION (revised by applicant): A four-day conference on
reproductive \[**In Original**: sexual\] psychophysiology is proposed to
be held from July 12 - 15, 2003 at the Indiana Memorial Union Hotel &
Conference Center, Indiana University, Bloomington. The main goal of the
conference, the first ever to be organized on this topic, is to bring
together researchers in \[**In Original**: sexual psychophysiology\] to
present up-to-date reviews of their research, to discuss commonalities
and differences in conceptual and methodological approaches, and to
suggest directions for future research. A secondary goal is to work
towards a consensus in psychophysiological measurement and analysis
procedures. This conference will address psychological, physiological
and behavioral processes of critical importance to reproductive health
and functioning, and will examine the interactions of these processes.
\[**In Original**: General themes will include the relationship between
subjective and physiological response, **between sexual motivation and
arousal, between motivation/arousal and behavior, between mood and
sexual motivation, arousal, and behavior, and possible gender and
individual differences in such relationships**.\] The objective is to
evaluate our understanding of relevant mechanisms and processes, to
assess the extent to which this understanding allows us to predict and
explain sexual problems, preferences, behavioral functioning \[**In
Original simply read**: and behavior\], and to identify issues and
topics important for future research. The conference will consist of two
parts: a scientific meeting (July 13 - 15) and a pre-conference
methodology workshop (July 12). The meeting will be restricted to
invited participants. In addition to a panel of about 25 experts, we
will invite approximately five graduate students to participate as
speakers, as well as three undergraduate or graduate students who will
be selected from a larger pool of applicants. All discussions will be
recorded, transcribed and edited for publication, together with the
presentation papers, as a monograph. In addition, selected members of
the pre-conference workshop will work together to formulate and publish
guidelines for psychophysiological measurement \[**In Original added**:
of sexual response.\]

  ------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
  **Institution:**   INDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON

                     P.O. Box 1847

                     BLOOMINGTON, IN 47402

  **Fiscal Year:**   2002

  **Department:**    KINSEY INST/RES/SEX/GEND/REPRO

  **Project Start:** 26-SEP-2002

  **Project End:**   31-AUG-2003

  **ICD:**           NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

  **IRG:**           ZHD1
  ------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------

**NIH Funds Study on Mood Arousal and Sexual Risk Taking**

**NIH's Institute of Child Health and Human Development**

<http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6694864&p_grant_num=1R01HD043689-01A1&p_query=&ticket=3657692&p_audit_session_id=17251312&p_keywords>[=]{.underline}

**Abstract:** DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recommendations to
study the role of mood and arousal in sexual decision making and risk
taking have not yet been translated in much systematic research. This
project focuses on the relationships between mood and arousal and
investigates how these, separately and in interaction, influence sexual
risk taking. The project will explore, in men and women, individual
differences in these relationships, as well as underlying mechanisms.
**[Mood is proposed to affect sexual risk taking in a direct manner, but
also in interaction with sexual interest and arousal.]{.mark}** Sexual
interest and arousal themselves may be affected by positive and negative
mood, but the degree and direction is proposed to vary from individual
to individual, and to depend on a person\'s propensity for sexual
excitation and inhibition. Negative mood (anxiety and depression) is
hypothesized to lead to increased sexual risk taking, in particular in
people whose sexual interest and arousability is not adversely affected
by negative mood. **[In a series of laboratory studies, mood and sexual
arousal will be induced and their individual and combined effects on
sexual risk taking will be examined]{.mark}.** A distinction will be
made between positive and negative mood, sexual interest and arousal,
and risk intent and behavior. A risk-taking paradigm is introduced that
incorporates characteristics of established decision making tasks while
increasing ecological validity for sexual behavior. An additional
objective of the research program involves the validation of a
self-report measure (assessing the effects of mood on sexual interest,
response, and behavior) that could be used to identify and target
relevant populations in future prevention and intervention programs.

  ------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
  **Institution:**   INDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON

                     P.O. Box 1847

                     BLOOMINGTON, IN 47402

  **Fiscal Year:**   2003

  **Department:**    KINSEY INST/RES/SEX/GEND/REPRO

  **Project Start:** 01-JUL-2003

  **Project End:**   30-APR-2005

  **ICD:**           NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

  **IRG:**           ZRG1
  ------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------

NIH Funds China Panda Research

NIH's Institute of Child Health and Human Development

<http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6230563&p_grant_num=1R01HD039789-01&p_query=(panda)&ticket=2954474&p_audit_session_id=14555193&p_audit_score=90&p_audit_numfound=1&p_keywords=panda>

  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
  **Grant       1R01HD039789-01
  Number:**     

  **PI Name:**  LIU, JIANGUO

  **PI Email:** <jliu@perm3.fw.msu.edu>

  **PI Title:** ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

  **Project     INTERRELATIONSHIP\--POPULATION /ENVIRONMENT /PANDA /CHINA
  Title:**      
  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------

> *Abstract: This project proposes to examine spatial and temporal
> linkages between human population and the environment in the Wolong
> Nature Reserve in China. Wolong is the largest reserve for conserving
> the world-famous endangered giant pandas. It also has more than 4000
> local residents. The human population is organized around households
> (942 in 1998), which traditionally included several generations living
> together, but this tradition is being broken up. Since 1975, Wolong\'s
> human population has grown 66 percent, but the number of households
> has increased 115 percent. Each household garners resources needed to
> live, particularly fuelwood for cooking and heating, from the
> surrounding landscape. **In this study, we view population-environment
> interactions as the interrelationships among five major components:
> human population, forests, giant panda habitats, socioeconomic and
> institutional factors, and government policies.** **Forests and giant
> panda habitats represent the environment,** whereas socioeconomic and
> institutional contextual factors and government policies influence how
> human population and the environment interact with each other.
> Fuelwood consumption by local residents is now the single most
> important human factor affecting forests and subsequently giant panda
> habitats (forests are an important component of the panda habitats
> with trees as covers and bamboo as staple food). Thus, we treat
> fuelwood consumption as the main linkage between human population and
> the environment. We will take a systems approach to address five
> interrelated specific aims: (1) to understand human population
> processes and dynamics, (2) to examine the relationships between
> fuelwood consumption and household demography, (3) to identify spatial
> interactions between population and the environment, (4) to analyze
> reciprocal effects of population and the environment, and (5) to
> predict long-term spatial dynamics of population-environment
> interactions under different policy scenarios. To achieve these aims,
> we will use and integrate extensive household and socioeconomic
> surveys, interviews with local officials and residents, collection of
> historical data, field observations and measurements, data from
> previous and ongoing studies, statistical tools (e.g., event history
> analysis, multilevel modeling, logistic regression), graph theory and
> network analysis, spatial technologies (geographic information
> systems, remote sensing, and global positioning systems), and systems
> modeling and simulation. The completion of our proposed project will
> have significant implications for population- environment interaction
> theories, methods, and applications.*

  ------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
  **Institution:**   MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY

                     EAST LANSING, MI 48824

  **Fiscal Year:**   2001

  **Department:**    FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE

  **Project Start:** 06-JUN-2001

  **Project End:**   30-APR-2006

  **ICD:**           NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

  **IRG:**           ZRG1
  ------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------

**NIH-funded Sexologist**

**NIH's Institute of Child Health and Human Development**

Dr. John Money, the researcher who is famous for surgically changing a
little boy into a girl and claiming success (even though30 years later
the boy published a book talking about how Dr. Money's surgery had
ruined his life) is still getting \$170,000 a year from NIH.

Abstract: DESCRIPTION (provided by the applicant): The immediate
objective of this proposal is to do the research for and writing of the
history of pediatric clinical psychoendocrinology and
**[psychosexology]{.mark}** in the Johns Hopkins Pediatric Endocrine
Clinic. This Clinic, the first of its kind worldwide, was founded by
Lawson Wilkins, M.D., in 1946. In 1951 he foresaw the need for
psychohormonal research, with special reference to the prevention of
unwanted virilization in the CAH (congenital adrenal hyperplasia)
syndrome of female pseudohermaphroditism with the newly discovered
hormone, cortisol. The person he recruited having been myself, history
and autobiography overlap chronologically and will continue to do so, in
part, in the book proposed in this present grant application. The
necessary information will be retrieved from voluminous records
published and unpublished, and from library resources and online data
bases. The initial draft of the Table of Contents will be amended and
augmented if the writing so dictates. The long-term objective of the
book is to provide psychohormonal and psychosexological researchers and
health care providers with the information that will enable them to heed
Santayana\'s famous warning to those who do not know their history,
namely that they \"are condemned to repeat it\"\-- as, for example, in
today\'s revival of the nature/nurture debate.

  ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
  **Institution:**   JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

                     3400 N CHARLES ST

                     BALTIMORE, MD 21218

  **Fiscal Year:**   2003

  **Department:**    PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIS

  **Project Start:** 01-APR-1998

  **Project End:**   31-MAR-2004

  **ICD:**           NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

  **IRG:**           ZHD1
  ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------

**Background:**
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2000/boyturnedgirl.shtml>

**The Boy who was Turned into a Girl**\
BBC2 9.00pm Thursday 7th December 2000

![](media/image1.jpeg){width="0.9479166666666666in"
height="1.3229166666666667in"}In 1965 in the Canadian town of Winnipeg,
Janet Reimer gave birth to twin boys - Bruce and Brian. Six months later
a bungled circumcision left Bruce without a penis. Based on a radical
new theory of gender development the decision was taken to raise Bruce
as a girl. In 1967 Bruce became Brenda and for the next three decades
this case would be at the heart of one of the most controversial
theories in the history of science.\
\
The man behind this work was world-renowned psychologist Dr John Money.
In the 1950s Dr Money developed a theory that revolutionised our
understanding of gender. Money believed that what he called our \'gender
identity\' - what makes us think, feel and behave as boys or girls - is
not fully formed by the time of birth. While we may have some innate
sense of being a boy or a girl, for up to two years after birth, our
brains are, in effect, malleable and we can be taught to grow up as
either a boy or girl by how we are raised - by the toys we are given,
the guidance we receive from adults and the clothes we are given to
wear. This became known as the \'theory of gender neutrality\'.\
\
Dr Money had reached this conclusion by working with a rare group of
individuals born with ambiguous genitals - people known as intersexuals
or hermaphrodites. Dr Money studied groups of intersex children, and
concluded that these children could be brought up as either boys or
girls regardless of their genetic or physical sex. The legacy of Dr
Money\'s work was a revolution in the treatment of \'intersex\'. From
the 1950s to the present day many intersex children born with a tiny
penis are reassigned as female even if they are actually genetically
male.\
\
But not everyone agreed with Dr Money\'s theories. Since the 1950s a
small group of scientists including Dr Milton Diamond have questioned
John Money\'s work. Diamond believed that our sex is already defined in
our brains before we are born. He was convinced that the power of our
genes and hormones was so strong that no amount of nurturing could
override them.\
\
But John Money\'s theory had already become firmly accepted around the
world and the most dramatic confirmation of the theory came from one
particular case - the case of Bruce Reimer.\
\
Bruce was a normal boy, not an intersex child, and yet the decision was
made to turn this boy who had lost his penis, into a girl. **[Under the
guidance of Dr Money and his team at Johns Hopkins University this baby
boy was surgically changed into a girl.]{.mark}** After surgeons at
Hopkins had castrated baby Bruce, he became baby Brenda. The family were
instructed how to bring up Brenda as a normal little girl. According to
Dr Money\'s theory she would grow up believing herself to be female and
would go on to live a normal happy life as a woman. It seemed the
ultimate test that nurture could override nature.\
\
Thirty years after Bruce became Brenda, the impact of this extraordinary
story continues. After almost 14 years living as a female, Brenda Reimer
reverted to her true biological sex - the case of the boy who was turned
into a girl had failed. Brenda took the name David and for the last
twenty years he has lived anonymously in his hometown of Winnipeg. For
almost all this time no one knew the outcome of John Money\'s celebrated
case. But now that David has gone public, the case is being widely
discussed once again and its impact on John Money\'s theory of gender
development and the treatment of intersex children is being hotly
debated.

\###