**22. [Detail Attachments]{.underline}**

a.  **Purpose**

> The specific goal of the research covered by this task is to advance
> the search for a complete,

unified understanding of all natural phenomena on the sub-atomic scale.
The present level of understanding, called the Standard Model, is
comprised of a theory of strong interactions (quantum chromodynamics), a
unified theory of electromagnetic and weak interactions, and a theory of
gravity (General Relativity). At present the various pieces of this
picture have known limitations and inconsistencies, and complete
unification of these pieces is beyond reach. Answers to fundamental
questions about experimental and theoretical problems are required in
order to make progress toward this goal. This research provides new
insight into the nature of matter and energy. It addresses challenging
fundamental problems in a climate where breakthroughs happen.

> This work effort may support at a minimum level or concurrently, as
> appropriate, the Technology

Transfer and Science Education missions of the Department of Energy.

b.  **Approach**

> Groups of physicists at Brookhaven collaborate with University Groups
> and research groups at

other National Laboratories to propose, construct, and operate High
Energy physics experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These same
groups analyze the data from the experiments, present the results at
conferences and other public forums and publish the results in refereed
scientific journals. In most cases Brookhaven physicists are
co-spokespersons for the experiments and head the project management
efforts.

1.  [Rare *K* Decays]{.underline}

> [AGS E787, Search for]{.underline}
> $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ [and related
> processes]{.underline}
>
> (BNL, Fukui, National Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Japan
> (National Laboratory for

High Energy Physics (KEK)), Osaka, Princeton, TRI-University Meson
Facility (TRIUMF), U. of Alberta)

> I-H. Chiang (5%); M. Diwan (20%); J. Frank (45%); V. Jain (70%); S.
> Kettell (10%);

L. Littenberg (Co-spokesman) (40%); G. Redlinger (15%); R. Strand (30%).

[E865, Search for]{.underline}
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ [and related
processes]{.underline}

> (BNL, Inst. for Nuclear Research (INR) (Moscow), Univ. of New Mexico,
> Paul Scherrer

Inst., Univ. of Basel, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Tbilisi State Univ., Yale
Univ., Univ. of Zurich)

> L. Leipuner (20%); H. Ma (50%).
>
> [E926, Measurement of]{.underline}
> $K_{L} \rightarrow \pi^{0}\nu\overline{\nu}$
>
> (BNL, University of British Columbia, Cincinnati, INR-Moscow, Kyoto
> University, University

of New Mexico, Thomas Jefferson Lab, TRIUMF, Virginia Tech, Yale,
University of Zurich)

I.H. Chiang (5%); E. Garber (10%); W. Glenn (5%); D. Lazarus (10%); V.
Jain (10%);

K. Li (10%); L. Littenberg (Co-spokesman) (30%); G. Redlinger (10%); R.
Strand (5%).

[AGS E949: Search for]{.underline}
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ [and related
processes]{.underline}

> (University of Alberta, BNL, FNAL, Fukui University, Institute of High
> Energy Physics

(IHEP), KEK, Kyoto University, RCNP, Osaka University, TRIUMF)

> I-H. Chiang(20%); M.V. Diwan(10%); J.S. Frank(85%); E. Garber(40%);

J.S. Haggerty(5%); V. Jain(20%); S.H. Kettell (Co-spokesman)(80%); K.K.
Li(90%); L.S. Littenberg(30%);

G. Redlinger(75%); A. Stillman(100%); R.C. Strand(30%).

> [FNAL E905 Cabbibo-Kabayashi-Maskawa (CKM): Precision Measurement of
> the Decay]{.underline} $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$
> [and Other Rare]{.underline} $K^{+}$ [decay processes at Fermilab
> Using the Main Injector]{.underline}

(BNL, FNAL, IHEP, UASLP, Michigan, Texas, Virginia)

> J.S. Frank(5%); S.H. Kettell(10%); R.C. Strand(5%).
>
> 2\. [Rare Muon Processes]{.underline}
>
> [AGS E821, a Precision Measurement of the Muon (*g*-2)]{.underline}
>
> (Boston Univ., BNL, Cornell Univ., Fairfield Univ., Univ. of
> Heidelberg, Univ. of

Illinois, Max Planck Inst. Für Med. Forschung -- Heidelberg, Univ. of
Minnesota, Univ. of Tokyo, National Laboratory for High Energy Physics,
Japan (KEK), Riken, Yale Univ.)

> H.N. Brown (50%); G. Bunce (50%); G.T. Danby (25%); C. Gardner (10%);

D.Hseuh (5%); J.W. Jackson (25%); L. Jia (60%); Y.Y Lee (50%); W. Meng
(50%); W.M. Morse (90%);

R. Prigl (50%); Y. Semertzidis (60%); A. Stillman (5%).

[AGS E940, Muon Electron Conversion Experiment (MECO)]{.underline}

> L. Leipuner (30%); W.M. Morse (10%); Y. Semertzidis (10%).

[Muon Electron Dipole Moment (EDM) Experiment]{.underline}

> Y. Semertzidis (10%).

Y.  3\. [Hadron Spectroscopy]{.underline}

> [AGS E852, Search for mesons with exotic quantum numbers]{.underline}
>
> (BNL, IHEP, Protvino, Indiana Univ., Univ. of Notre Dame, Univ. of

Massachusetts, Dartmouth, Moscow State Univ., Northwestern Univ.,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst.)

S.U. Chung (90%); H. Willutzki (75%).

A.  4\. [Experiments at Outside Facilities]{.underline}

> Groups of physicists at Brookhaven collaborate with University Groups
> and research

groups at other National Laboratories to propose, construct, and operate
High Energy physics experiments at facilities outside of Brookhaven in
the U.S. and in other countries. The Brookhaven role in these
experiments is selected to be appropriate for a National Laboratory.
These same groups analyze the data from the experiments, present the
results at conferences and other public forums and publish the results
in refereed scientific journals. In many cases Brookhaven physicists are
co-spokespersons for the experiments and have significant project
management responsibility. They also frequently have responsibility for
major construction efforts and software infrastructure.

1.  [CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) A Toroidal LHC Apparatus
    (ATLAS)]{.underline}

> [Experiment]{.underline}
>
> (U.S. Institutions: State University of New York-Albany, Argonne
> National

Laboratory, University of Arizona, Boston University, Brandeis
University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of
California-Irvine, University of California-Santa Cruz , University of
Chicago, Duke University, Hampton University, Harvard University,
University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, Indiana University, Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Michigan State University, Nevis Laboratories, University of New Mexico,
Norfolk State University, Northern Illinois University, University of
Oklahoma, University of Pennsylvania, University of Pittsburgh,
University of Rochester, State University of New York-Stony Brook,
Albany, Southern Methodist University, University of Texas-Arlington,
Tufts University, University of Washington, University of
Wisconsin-Madison in collaboration with 120 other institutions in the
world.)

> H. Gordon (60%); V. Gratchev (100%); R. Hackenburg (50%); F. Lanni
> (100%);

D. Lissauer (100%); H. Ma (50%); F. Paige (20%); V. Polychronakos (50%);
S. Protopopescu (10%);

V. Radeka (50%); D. Rahm (50%); S. Rajagopalan (50%); H. Takai (50%); V.
Tcherniatine (100%);

W. Willis (40%); B. Yu (20%).

2.  [Fermilab D∅ Experiment]{.underline}

> (Univ. of Arizona, BNL, Boston Univ., Brown Univ., Univ. of
> California-Davis, Univ.

of California-Irvine, Univ. of California-Riverside, Columbia Univ.,
FNAL, Florida State Univ., Univ. of Hawaii, Univ. of Illinois-Chicago,
Indiana Univ., Iowa State Univ., Univ. of Kansas, LBNL, Univ. of
Maryland, Univ. of Michigan, Michigan State Univ., New York Univ.,
Northeastern Univ., Northern Illinois Univ., Northwestern Univ., Univ.
of Notre Dame, Univ. of Oklahoma, Purdue Univ., Rice Univ., Univ. of
Rochester, State Univ. of New York-Stony Brook, Texas A&M Univ., Univ.
of Texas-Arlington, Univ. de Buenos Aires, LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de
Pesquisas Físicas, Inst. of High Energy Physics-Beijing Univ. de los
Andes-Bogota-Columbia, DAPNIA/SPP-CE Saclay, Tata Inst. of Fundamental
Research-Bombay, Delhi Univ., Delhi, Panjab Univ. Chandigarh-India,
Korea Univ., Kyungsung Univ.-Korea, Seoul National Univ.,
CINVESTAV-Mexico City, Inst. of Nuclear Research Krakow, Joint Inst. for
Nuclear Research-Dubna, Inst. for High Energy Physics-RUSSIA, Inst. for
Theoretical & Experimental Physics-Moscow, Moscow State Univ.,
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Inst. Gatchina)

> S.U. Chung (10%); H. Gordon (20%); N. Graf (25%); S. Kahn (25%);

J. Kotcher (90%); S. Protopopescu (80%); S. Rajugopalan (25%); S. Snyder
(90%); H. Willutzki (25%);

P. Yamin (25%).

3.  [MINOS]{.underline}

> (Fermilab, Argonne, Caltech, BNL, Dubna, Harvard, Protvino, ITEP,
> Livermore,

Minnesota, Pittsburgh, Sussex, Texas A&M, Western Washington, Athens,
Chicago, Beijing, Indiana, Lebedev, Rutherford, Stanford, Texas, London,
Oxford, Tufts, Wisconsin)

> M. Diwan (70%); M. Murtagh (20%).
>
> 5\. [Muon Collider Studies]{.underline}

# 

# Muon collider experiment

> (BNL, FNAL, LBNL)
>
> O. Benary (50%); I. Stumer (80%).

O.  6\. [Theory]{.underline}

> Brookhaven has a strong High Energy Theory Group. The members of this
> group work in

close collaboration with experimental physicists at Brookhaven and
throughout the world. Some members are involved in Lattice Gauge
calculations that exploit large, high speed computers.

> M. Creutz (100%); A. Czarnecki (100%); C. Dawson (100%); S. Dawson
> (Group Leader)

(100%); W. Kilgore (100%); W. Marciano (100%); F. Paige (60%); R.
Pisarski (100%); R. Shrock (100%);

A. Soni (100%); T.L. Trueman (100%).

**C. Technical Progress**

Q.  Technical Progress in FY 1999 and Expected Progress in FY 2000

This activity produced 116 publications.

> 1\. [Rare *K* Decays]{.underline}
>
> [AGS E787, Search for]{.underline}
> $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ [and related
> processes]{.underline}
>
> *Status:* Analyzing data

This is an experiment to measure the Branching Ratio (BR) of
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ which is
sensitive to $|V_{\text{td}}|$. Other rare decays are also being
studied.

E787 completed taking data to study
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$, a process that
the Standard Model currently cleanly predicts to occur with a branching
ratio of
$(0\text{.}\text{82} \pm 0\text{.}\text{32}) \times \text{10}^{- \text{10}}$.
Since the event found in the E787\'s 1995 data set corresponds to a
branching ratio of
$(4\text{.}2_{- 3\text{.}5}^{+ 9\text{.}7}) \times \text{10}^{- \text{10}}$,
it has been of great interest to pursue this process to as high a level
of sensitivity as possible. The experiment took data for three months
during FY 1998, and three months during FY 1999 using unprecedented
proton fluxes (up to approximately 42 trillion protons/spill on the kaon
production target). The AGS slow spill was lengthened to 2.8 seconds to
optimize the sensitivity per second. The total sensitivity accumulated
by E787 from FY 1995 through FY 1999 is roughly six times the
sensitivity of the 1995 data set in which the first event was found.

Analysis of the 1995-7 data set has been completed. No new events were
found. With roughly 2.8 times the sensitivity of the published 1995
analysis, a branching ratio
$B(K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ =
$(1\text{.}5_{- 1\text{.}2}^{+ 3\text{.}4}) \times \text{10}^{- \text{10}}$with
a measured background of $0\text{.}\text{08} \pm 0\text{.}\text{02}$
events was obtained. This result will be submitted for publication early
in calendar year 2000. The 1998-9 data has been taken through the first
stage of analysis, and will be ready for higher level analysis. Several
other physics results will be published, including studies of
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\pi^{0}\gamma$ and
$K^{+} \rightarrow \mu^{+}\text{υγ}$, and limits on
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\pi^{0}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ and
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\gamma$. Analyses of other modes are at an
earlier stage.

The proposal to upgrade the experiment was approved by the DOE in FY
1999 (see E949 below).

> [E865, Search for]{.underline}
> $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ [and related
> processes]{.underline}
>
> *Status:* Analyzing data

# E865 is designed to search for the lepton number violating decay 

# $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\mu^{+}e^{-}$, as well as to study other rare $K^{+}$ decays. The physics data collection started in 1995 and concluded with the 1999 run. Data for the $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\mu^{+}e^{-}$ decay were collected in 1995-1996 and 1998-1999. 

The analysis of the first part has been finished, yielding an upper
limit on the branching ratio of 3×10^-11^ at 90% confidence level. The
second data set is being processed, and is expected to improve the
sensitivity by a factor of 3-4.

> Two papers have been published in Physical Review Letters, on the

$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}e^{+}e^{-}$ decay and the
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decay respectively. The
results not only show the consistency between these two decays, but also
have an impact on the theory describing these decays. The analysis of
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\pi^{-}e^{+}\nu$ events is near completion,
giving a significantly improved measurement of low energy π-π
scattering. The results from the analyses of the radiative decays
$K^{+} \rightarrow \mu^{+}{\nu e}^{+}e^{-}$ and
$K^{+} \rightarrow e^{+}{\nu e}^{+}e^{-}$ will be submitted for
publication.

> [E926, Measurement of]{.underline}
> $K_{L} \rightarrow \pi^{0}\nu\overline{\nu}$
>
> *Status:* Scientific approval received/Beam studies/Detector design
> and

prototyping

The process $K_{L} \rightarrow \pi^{0}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ is
the cleanest probe of Standard Model charge conjunction and parity
reversal (CP) violation in the *K* system. Measuring it is also vital
for the interpretation of attempts to measure CP violation in the *B*
system.

The technique of the experiment is to record all measurable quantities
in the initial and final state, including the $K_{L}$ momentum (through
its flight time). To accomplish the latter, the neutral beam must be
microbunched on extraction. The major issues of experimental design
still open are the $K_{L}$ flux at large angles, the resolution in
photon energy and direction, charged particle vetoing and the degree of
photon veto hermeticity. The latter requires construction of a large,
thin vacuum vessel, and vetoes that can survive in the beam itself.

Most of the work in this period is directed at addressing these issues.
The $K_{L}$ flux was calculated on the basis of the results of AGS E802
which measured wide angle charged kaon production off heavy targets. Two
viable designs for the pre-radiator were developed. This seems not a
fundamental problem, but a question of cost/benefit optimization.
Prototype work on both designs is progressing. Much effort went into an
aerogel-based design for the \"catcher\", a veto that must function in
the beam. It was discovered that once all other cuts are made, photons
from the primary background directed at the catcher were at rather high
energies, making the job of the catcher easier. An improved design for
the charge veto was developed. Also many background processes were
simulated and found to be controllable.

> A revised proposal was written as part of the process of applying for
> a National

Science Foundation (NSF) Major Research Equipment Grant (MRE) for
Building this experiment and the MECO $\mu \rightarrow e$ conversion
experiment at the AGS. This proposal was reviewed by a panel
commissioned by the NSF in November, 1999. The panel rated the physics
"must-do", the collaboration "acknowledged experts", and the technique
"innovative" and "creative". However it advised delaying support for the
$K_{L} \rightarrow \pi^{0}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ project until the
situation *vis a vis* a possible competing proposal at Fermilab is
resolved. At this time it is not clear what action the NSF will take on
the proposal.

> If the NSF does not respond positively to the Brookhaven proposal, the
> proposal

will be adapted and submitted to the Fermilab the Program Advisory
Committee (PAC) during FY 2000. It is possible to pursue an experiment
of this type at the Fermilab Main Injector (FMI), and in fact the
experiment was redubbed KOPIO during FY 1999 partly to emphasize that
the technique is not confined to the AGS. During FY 1999 work went into
optimizing the design for the FMI. Consultations with the Fermilab staff
suggest that acceptable microbunching can be achieved at the Main
Injector, that the accelerator spill length can be extended (albeit at
some cost in primary energy), and that the experiment can fit into an
existing building. If the full design intensity of the FMI is devoted to
KOPIO and problems associated with slow extraction there are overcome,
the experiment will be able to accumulate sensitivity there at about
half the rate possible at the AGS.

[AGS E949: Search for]{.underline}
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ [and related
processes]{.underline}

> *Status*: approved, construction underway
>
> The K${}^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ decay is
> one of the "Golden Modes" for understanding CP-

violation in the Standard Model. A new, more precise measurement of the
K${}^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ branching ratio
will be made. This new experiment, E949, building on the success of E787
in observing this process for the first time, will make a determination
of the branching ratio. Improvements to the E787 apparatus and running
mode will be made to reach a sensitivity of
$(8 - \text{14}) \times \text{10}^{- \text{12}}$, an order of magnitude
below the Standard Model prediction for this process. This will result
in a determination of $|V_{\text{td}}|$ to better than 27%.

> The proposal was approved by DOE in August 1999. It is expected that

construction will continue into FY 2001, with a commissioning run in FY
2001 and data collection runs in

FY 2002-03. The E787 detector was decommissioned and opened in
preparation for E949 installation. The first 3 Barrel Veto Line modules
were installed, and the installation of 24 modules will be completed.
Prototypes of beam line photon veto and range stack counters were
constructed. Within the constraints of limited capital funds, a large
fraction of the E949 detector will be installed by the end of FY 2000.

> [FNAL E905 (CKM): Precision Measurement of the Decay]{.underline}
> $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ [and Other
> Rare]{.underline} $K^{+}$ [decay processes at Fermilab Using the Main
> Injector]{.underline}
>
> *Status*: R&D project approved, detailed detector design underway
>
> The E905 R&D project is designed to lead to a full proposal for a
> fixed target

experiment at FNAL, using the Main Injector, to study the decay
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ at a precision of 10 times
higher than that of E949 at the Brookhaven AGS. It is expected that this
experiment will run sometime after FY 2005.

> The R&D consists of design and test of straw tube chambers in vacuum,
> vacuum

photon veto systems with high efficiency, and muon veto systems with
high efficiency.

2.  [Rare Muon Processes]{.underline}

> [AGS E821, a Precision Measurement of the Muon (*g*-2)]{.underline}
>
> *Status:* Taking data, analyzing data
>
> This experiment is a precision measurement of the anomalous magnetic
> moment

($a_{\mu}$) of the muon. The goal is an improvement of a factor of ten
to twenty over the beautiful CERN measurement done over twenty years
ago. The CERN measurement had an uncertainty of 7.3 parts per million
(ppm). The present uncertainty in the theoretical calculation is about
0.7 ppm. There is great theoretical interest in this measurement as a
precision test of the standard model. Over twenty theory papers have
been published in the last two years alone on the standard and/or
non-standard model calculations of this muon parameter.

> During FY 1999 data was collected for two months at the AGS. The data

collection rate was about $5 \times \text{10}^{6}$ decay positrons with
energy greater than 1.8 GeV per hour. Decay positrons with energy
greater than 1.8 GeV have the largest figure of merit (number of events
times the asymmetry squared (NA^2^)). The previous CERN experiment
collected about $4 \times \text{10}^{7}$ decay positrons over three
years. In total, over $2 \times \text{10}^{9}$events were collected
during the FY 1999 run. The FY 1998 data
($6 \times \text{10}^{7}$events) were analyzed. The preliminary result
is $a_{\mu +} = \text{1165919}(6) \times \text{10}^{- 9}$(5 ppm), in
good agreement with the Standard Model theoretical calculation of
$a_{\mu}$(theor)
$= \text{116591628}(\text{77}) \times \text{10}^{- \text{11}}$(0.66
ppm). Due to a number of incremental improvements in the experiment over
the past year, a total of $7 \times \text{10}^{6}$ decay positrons with
energy greater than 1.8 GeV per hour will be collected during the FY
2000 AGS run.

[AGS E940, Muon Electron Conversion Experiment (MECO)]{.underline}

*Status:* Approved by BNL Program Advisory Committee/Under review by
National Science Foundation

> This is an experiment to detect the conversion of a muon to an
> electron in the

nuclear field (Al in this case) at the
$5 \times \text{10}^{- \text{17}}$ level. The present limit on this
process is $6\text{.}1 \times \text{10}^{- \text{13}}$. This process
violates separate muon and electron conservation numbers. In the
Standard Model, this can occur due to massive neutrinos, but at a
negligible rate from present neutrino oscillation observations and/or
limits. However, many non-standard model theories predict a rate greater
than $5 \times \text{10}^{- \text{17}}$.

> The NSF Panel to Evaluate Major Project Possibilities recommended in

January that the NSF fund MECO in the Major Research Equipment (MRE)
program. The Review noted some of the technical challenges:

a)  Operating the experiment at an unprecedented muon beam intensity,
    with

> very high rates from low energy neutron and gamma backgrounds.
>
> b\) Cooling the tungsten target.
>
> c\) Operating the straw tube detector in vacuum.
>
> d\) Achieving a beam extinction of one in a billion.
>
> The Brookhaven collaborators have particular interest in items a) b)
> and c) while

considerable AGS effort will be required to achieve the beam quality in
item d). Detailed discussions with the collaboration will lead to
specific memoranda of understanding (MOUs) for the participating
institutions.

> [Muon Electron Dipole Moment (EDM) Experiment]{.underline}
>
> *Status:* Letter of Intent submitted to BNL
>
> In 1999 there was a workshop in Heidelberg/Germany where the muon EDM
> was

discussed both theoretically and experimentally. It became apparent that
the Muon EDM is a very interesting experiment since it is the only
second generation particle with great sensitivity to SuperSymmetry
(SUSY) models. The electron and neutron experimental EDM limits are
about 2 orders of magnitude better than the natural SUSY parameters
predict (the same is also true for the experimental nuclear EDM limits).
In order to "fix" this problem theorists have modified the CP violating
phases of SUSY and fine tuned them to 10^-2^ for the first generation.
This fine-tuning does not necessarily apply to the second generation and
so there is a factor of 100 gained for muons over the regular mass ratio
gain. A limit of 5x10^-27^ e cm on the electron corresponds to 10^-24^ e
cm for the muon just from the mass ratio enhancement which becomes
10^-22^ e cm from the above factor of 100. The muon EDM limit in the
Letter of Intent (LOI) submitted to Brookhaven is 10^-24^ e cm.

> A second meeting at the Heavy Ion facility in Darmstadt, Germany (GSI)
> was

devoted to the possibility of launching a nuclear EDM experiment based
on the same technique as the proposed muon EDM at BNL. It was felt that
the gain over the current limits may not be enough to justify a new
effort especially since the Hg nuclear limits are still improving.
However, experience with this technique would greatly enhance the
possibility of doing the nuclear EDM experiment there.

> During those two meetings a new idea emerged, that of using polarized

deuterons to measure the alignment between the E-field and β cross B
field direction. Deuterons are well suited since they have a small
anomalous magnetic moment, and it is possible to have them available at
the AGS in great numbers. A new LOI will be presented to the AGS PAC and
the full proposal submitted later in the year. This modified version of
the experiment will be staged to include a measurement with deuterons.

3.  [Hadron Spectroscopy]{.underline}

> [AGS E852, Search for mesons with exotic quantum numbers]{.underline}
>
> *Status:* Analyzing data
>
> Additional data was taken at the upgraded Multiple Particle
> Spectrometer (MPS).

This quadrupled the data taken in 1997 when a Cerenkov counter was
added. The 1997 data will be fully reconstructed.

> A paper on the discovery of a second exotic meson with a mass of 1600
> MeV

decaying into $\text{ρπ}$ was published. A major paper on evidence for
an exotic meson with a mass of 1370 MeV decaying into $\text{ηπ}$as a
follow up to a short Phys. Rev. Letter paper was also published. Two
more papers on partial wave analysis of the final states
$\pi^{0}\pi^{0}$ and $\text{ηππ}$have been submitted for publication. A
major paper on the second exotic meson will be submitted for
publication. In addition a paper on the dynamics of the decay
$\eta \rightarrow \pi^{0}\pi^{0}\pi^{0}$ will be nearing completion.

> Analysis of the data taken in 1994/1995 is continuing with emphasis on
> the final

states $\eta^{'}(\text{952})\pi^{-}$, $\eta(\text{547})\pi^{0}$,
$b1(\text{1235})\pi$, $\text{ωρ}$ and $f1(\text{1285})\pi$. Most of
these investigations will be completed.

> The 1998 data will be processed and final analysis underway. The
> emphasis here

is on final states containing *K* mesons to investigate the coupling of
exotic mesons to strange quarks.

4.  [Experiments at Outside Facilities]{.underline}

    1.  [CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) A Toroidal LHC Apparatus
        (ATLAS)]{.underline}

> [Experiment]{.underline}
>
> *Status:* Detector R&D, prototyping and testing in progress
>
> Related work on ATLAS is covered in the FWPs, PO-024 (Experimental
> Facilities

Research and Development), PO-027 (U.S. ATLAS Computing) and PO-028
(U.S. ATLAS Project)

> A Technical Proposal submitted in 1994 was approved by CERN in 1996 to

produce a detailed Technical Design Report. BNL physicists have taken a
leading role in defining U.S. participation in ATLAS as well as in the
preparation and defense of the Technical Proposal. BNL has been selected
to be the Host Laboratory for the U.S. ATLAS collaboration. BNL is
working primarily in the liquid argon calorimeter and muon systems.

> [Liquid Calorimeter:]{.underline}
>
> A full system crate has been constructed and tested in the CERN test
> beam. This

included BNL preamps and Nevis Laboratory Switch Capacitor Arrays (SCA)
in a full functionality front-end board. Production of some of the
electronics components has started. Three full-scale feedthrough
prototypes have been built and installed on the CERN test beam cryostat.
The feedthrough design has been completed and an assembly line for the
barrel feedthroughs has been established at BNL. Work continues on the
optimization of the complete electronics readout chain and design work
on a warm preamp and the Faraday cage has been completed. The Barrel
Cryostat is under construction at Kawasaki Heavy Industry in Japan, the
warm vessel is 70% complete and the cold vessel construction has
started. Work on overall system integration is in progress.

> [Muon System:]{.underline}
>
> An ATLAS specific Cathode Strip Chamber (CSC) prototype was
> constructed and

tested in the M2 test beam at CERN. Analysis of this test beam data
showed that the design performance in gain uniformity and spatial
resolution had been achieved. A set of six monitored drift tubes (MDT),
the technology selected for most of the coverage in the ATLAS muon
spectrometer, were constructed in order to study the physics of such a
device and to determine its performance under conditions to be
encountered at the LHC. The drift tube array was also tested at CERN.
The data is being analyzed.

> The first multichannel prototypes of a front-end integrated circuit
> for use with the

CSCs have been fabricated and they are currently undergoing bench tests
at the BNL Instrumentation Division. A full size CSC prototype is being
designed and will be constructed. Tests of the rate capability of the
CSC prototypes in a high intensity muon beam will take place at CERN.

# 

[U.S. ATLAS Project Office:]{.underline}

> The U.S. ATLAS Project Office is responsible for maintaining and
> updating the

cost estimates and resource loaded schedules for the Project. Every
month reports of technical progress, actual costs and earned value are
prepared. Baseline change proposals are evaluated and implemented if
approved. Preparation is made for various Reviews of the Project. In FY
2000 an estimate to complete was carried out by the Project. This
required a large amount of new software development and analysis. A
mechanical and electronics integration function was added in FY 2000.

2.  [Fermilab D∅ Experiment]{.underline}

> *Status:* Construction and installation of upgrade, software
> development
>
> The full complement of modules for the Forward Pre-Shower has been

completed. Full preparation, assembly, and testing of all 32 modules of
the south detector and 50% of those in the north is complete. This
includes wave length shifter (WLS) fiber preparation and cabling,
calibration system installation and testing, final module mechanical and
optical certification. All support structure elements are complete for
both halves of the detector including the outer and inner support rings
for registering the position and alignment of lead absorber elements.
Staging of the installation of the full detector, including final
bonding of the lead, is currently in progress. The full south detector
will be ready for delivery to FNAL for installation and commissioning in
early February 2000 with the north detector following in March.
Subsequent months will see the installation and commissioning of the
devices, and continued integration into the DØ Monte Carlo programs and
offline reconstruction.

> One of us (Kotcher) has taken on additional responsibility in the
> upgrade as

Associate Project Manager. His primary focus will be on Installation and
Commissioning of the upgraded detector, including technical issues,
manpower allocations, installation and commissioning schemes and
scheduling.

> BNL is involved in the development of both offline and online
> software,

coordinating the overall development of reconstruction and level 3
algorithms. In July 1999 the 2nd production version of the
reconstruction program was released and the 3rd production version in
January 2000. This version has most of the code needed for the upgraded
detector and the main effort is switching from development to
optimization. An analysis program was delivered to help collaborators
study the results from the reconstruction program. BNL responsibility
will switch from coordinating reconstruction to coordinating all
detector simulation efforts. Work on reconstruction algorithms will
continue, particularly in electron/photon identification and improving
algorithms for finding primary and secondary vertices.

> The general C++ interface to event generators (MCPP) has been used to
> provide

an interface to Isajet and Pythia event generators. Work is underway to
include also the event generators, Herwig and SUSYGEN. Extensive code
for the central resource management center (COOR) has been delivered and
further development will continue. In addition maintenance continues on
other key software packages, DØOM, MCPP, DØ_MCPP and portions of the
reconstruction program (DØreco). Work continues developing a simulation
program (DØNoise) to add the effects of noise, pileup and triggers to
the output of DØGStar (the Geant based DØ detector simulation program).

Brookhaven is asking D∅ for permission to expand its D∅ participation to
include work on the Forward Proton Detector (FPD). The FPD provides an
opportunity for searching for *J^PC^-*exotic mesons produced in
double-Pomeron fusion processes. A gluonic charmonium with *J^PC^=*1^-+^
or 3^-+^ could be detected by its decay mode *J/ψ* + φ
(or$D^{} + \overline{D} +$c.c), while a gluonic bottomonium could be
searched for in Upsilon (IS)$+ \varphi$ (or $B^{} + \overline{B} +$c.c).
Thus the FPD represents a complementary avenue, for an exotic meson
search, to the LEP experiments, that search for these exotics through
two-photon processes that necessarily couple only to multiquark systems.

3.  [MINOS]{.underline}

> *Status:* Brookhaven has joined the MINOS collaboration/Work in
> progress with

MINOS to generate a MOU for Brookhaven participation.

> Over the past few months there have been discussions with the MINOS

management of a number of areas of possible involvement by the
Brookhaven collaborators. The most promising at this time appear to be

> 1\) Test Beam: A comprehensive and cost effective plan for carrying
> out essential

MINOS test beam work at the AGS has been presented to the collaboration.
No decision has yet been taken on this plan.

> 2\) Beam monitoring: A proposal of a method for monitoring very
> intense charged

pion beams from the neutrino production target using beam induced
radioactivity in the decay tunnel has also been presented to the
collaboration. This is a very important issue for the collaboration as a
detailed knowledge of the beam and its structure are required for the
successful execution of the experiment. There is some concern in the
collaboration over the robustness of other proposed methods for
measuring the pion flux in the decay tunnel. This proposal represents a
significant alternative to the more traditional methods under study.
Work will continue, with the concurrence of the appropriate MINOS
working group, to demonstrate the feasibility and likely precision of
this beam monitoring system

> 3\) Experiment Simulation: Brookhaven is also interested in taking a
> significant

role in detector simulation and in particular in understanding the
likely systematic effects arising from the understanding of the beam
provided through measurements in the near detector.

> 4\) The 4-plane prototype: Brookhaven is interested in taking a
> significant role in

understanding the data obtained from the 4-plane prototype presently
under construction at Fermilab. The primary interest is in understanding
what information can be gained relative to potential systematic errors
in the final detector and issues that may need to be addressed in future
test beam work.

> An MOU for Brookhaven involvement in MINOS will be prepared.

4.  [SuperKamiokande]{.underline}

> Brookhaven continues its involvement in the SuperKamiokande experiment
> in

Japan. The experiment continues to accumulate data and the present data
set is already significantly larger than that of either the original
Kamiokande experiment or the Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven (IMB)
experiment. Significant new results have already been presented on
atmospheric neutrinos, solar neutrinos especially relating to the Boron
8 spectrum, a null result on the search for a day/night oscillation
effect and even some limits on proton decay. Of particular note is the
result on atmospheric neutrinos which clearly establishes an anomalous
ratio of muon to electron neutrinos. This result is being widely
interpreted as evidence of neutrino oscillations and, by inference,
evidence for non-zero neutrino mass.

> 5\. [Muon Collider Studies]{.underline}

# Muon collider experiment

> Simulations continued on the background estimation and methods of
> background

reduction for the muon collider. In addition studies began to estimate
various neutrino fluxes from a muon storage ring source for a possible
long based line detector neutrino experiment .

> In the last few years the interest in the muon collider has
> intensified and the scope of the

detector studies enlarged. Work continued on the various background
problems facing the experiment. The main task is to design an
intersection region and a detector which will be able to cope with the
special background problems that exist in muon colliders due to the beam
muon decays into electrons and neutrinos and the subsequent particle
byproducts resulting from the showering electrons. An elaborate
shielding was designed to protect the experimental detector against the
pions, protons and neutrons. A further reduction in the level of
secondary photons was achieved by installing additional dipoles in the
free drift spaces between the magnetic elements of the final focus
design. The first pass of the backgrounds for three center of mass
energies: 0.1, 0.5 and 4 TeV was completed. The shielding configuration
for each machine was different. The starting point for each study was
the final focus scheme optimized for the desired luminosity. The
collider backgrounds were estimated to be comparable with those of LHC.
The radiation damage caused by neutrons will allow a silicon vertex
detector to survive for 4 years. One particularly difficult background
is from Bethe Heitler muon pairs resulting from the electrons
interacting on various materials surrounding the intersection region.
This background is severe for the high-energy machines and is almost
negligible in the 50 x 50 GeV case. These secondary muons are hard to
eliminate and when they traverse the calorimeters, catastrophic
bremsstrahlung may occur, resulting in sizeable localized depositions of
energies. Various types of calorimeters have been studied. The liquid
argon type of calorimeter came out on top. Although slower than others,
the insensitivity to low energy neutrons was important in reducing by
orders of magnitude the large \'pedestal\' of background energy.

> Neutrino oscillations is a relatively new, hot topic, in high energy
> physics. In order to

observe them, the fluxes of the various neutrinos should be well known.
The early stages of the muon collider accelerator could provide the
basis for a neutrino factory. There are multiple advantages for neutrino
beams obtained from muon decays. For the first time both electron and
muon neutrinos will be available. In order to achieve oscillations into
tau neutrinos, higher energy muon or electron neutrino beams will be
necessary. The neutrino factory could provide them. Neutrino fluxes have
been calculated and the effects of polarization and emittance of the
muon beams on the ratio and energy of the various neutrino species
studied.

> 6\. [Theory]{.underline}
>
> The research effort of Brookhaven\'s High Energy Theory Group spans a
> broad range of

interests. It includes electroweak studies, collider phenomenology,
perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD), lattice gauge theory and
field theory with emphasis on finite temperature effects. These
activities benefit from a close interaction with local experimentalists,
as well as the Nuclear and Condensed Matter Theory Groups at BNL. The
RIKEN/BNL Research Center at BNL has significantly increased the number
of theorists and visitors and there is a close interaction between the
groups.

> Work on the physics of future $\text{pp}$, $e^{+}e^{-}$, and
> $\text{γγ}$ collider facilities continues to be

pursued. Topics include supersymmetry phenomenology, Higgs production,
precision measurements, and signatures of strong TeV dynamics. The
physics goals of a Next Linear Collider (NLC) are an important area of
research. Studies of Higgs physics showed that precision measurements of
the couplings could be obtained at NLC.

> The theoretical prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment was
> updated in

preparation for its confrontation with the anticipated BNL precision
measurement. Effects of new physics were reviewed.

> Electroweak measurements of muon decay, gauge boson masses, weak
> mixing angle,

etc. were used to constrain theories with large extra dimensions.
Constraints of order 3-5 TeV were obtained for excited gauge bosons in
such scenarios. Collider phenomenology of theories with extra dimensions
was also studied.

> Development has continued on a Monte Carlo program to simulate
> $\text{pp}$, $\overline{p}p$, and $e^{+}e^{-}$

interactions at high energies (ISAJET). Matrix elements have been
included in 3-body SUSY decays such as
${\overset{\sim}{\chi}}_{i} \rightarrow {\overset{\sim}{\chi}}_{j}f\overline{f}$;
these can be very important if there are poles near the physical region.
Initial state radiation and beamsstrahlung have been added for
$e^{+}e^{-}$ interactions. Additional SUSY models such as Anomaly
Mediated SUSY Breaking have been added. Finally, $Z_{\text{jj}}$
processes have been included as a first example of multiparton matrix
elements.

> The
> ${\overset{\sim}{\chi}}_{1}^{\pm}{\overset{\sim}{\chi}}_{2}^{0} \rightarrow \ell^{\pm}{\overset{\sim}{\chi}}_{1}^{0}\ell^{+}\ell^{-}{\overset{\sim}{\chi}}_{1}^{0}$
> signal for SUSY at the Tevatron has been studied including

additional Standard Model backgrounds. Particular attention has been
given to the tan$\beta\text{>>}1$ region in which $\tau$ decays can
dominate.

> Detailed studies of several SUSY scenarios have been performed in the
> context of the

ATLAS experiment at the LHC. In favorable cases it is possible to
measure some masses in supergravity (SUGRA) models using only kinematic
information despite the presence of two missing
${\overset{\sim}{\chi}}_{1}^{0}$'s. For tan$\beta\text{>>}1$ the
analysis is more difficult because $\tau$decays dominate. Detailed
simulations have shown that reconstruction is possible even in this
case. Signatures for Anomaly Mediated SUSY breaking have been
investigated. Much of this work is included in the *ATLAS Detector and
Physics Performance Technical Design Report*.

> A next to leading order Monte Carlo generator for three jet production
> at hadron colliders

was completed. The one loop QCD splitting functions were calculated to
all orders in the dimensional regulator.

> Lattice studies of non-perturbative quantum field theory continue as a
> major effort. A

large fraction of this interest involves chiral symmetry and fermionic
algorithms. The development of new approaches continues to be a major
goal of BNL theoretical research. The 600 Giga flop machine funded by
the Riken Research Center was used to obtain numerical lattice gauge
theory results. Studies of weak matrix elements on the lattice continue.
Preliminary results on the direct CP violation parameter,
$\varepsilon^{'}$, were obtained on the lattice using domain wall
quarks.

> The use of the spin-dependence of proton-proton elastic scattering to
> probe the

underlying dynamics of the high energy scattering and structure of the
proton has been outlined. The use of the double transverse spin-flip
amplitude as a probe for the existence of the yet-to-be-observed odderon
has been analyzed. Methods for extracting its magnitude cleanly from the
data were developed. The magnitude of proton helicity-flip on a nuclear
target was calculated.

> Techniques developed to properly handle spurious anomalies were
> applied to effective

four fermi interactions and the proof of the non-Abelian Adler-Bardeen
theorem, as well as to the "$\gamma^{5}$" ambiguities in the higher
order calculations of deep inelastic scattering.

> Work in high temperature field theory has continued, including studies
> of color

superconductivity and the QCD phase diagram.

**d. Future Accomplishments**

> 1\. [Rare *K* Decays]{.underline}
>
> [AGS E787, Search for]{.underline}
> $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ [and related
> processes]{.underline}
>
> Expected Progress in FY 2001

Analysis of the 1998-9 $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ data
set will be completed. This will bring the sensitivity of the experiment
to $7\text{.}5 \times \text{10}^{- \text{11}}$/event. If the branching
ratio measured in the 1995-7 data is confirmed, two events are expected.
Analyses on other decay modes such as
$\pi^{0} \rightarrow \upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$and
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{0}\mu^{+}\text{υγ}$ will be completed.

> Expected Progress in FY 2002
>
> The final E787 measurement of
> $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ will be
> published. Analysis of

other processes, such as the 1998-9 data set of
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\pi^{0}\gamma$ and
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{0}\pi^{0}\mu^{{}^{+}}\upsilon$ will also be
completed.

> [E865, Search for]{.underline}
> $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ [and related
> processes]{.underline}

### Expected Progress in FY 2001

> The standard data analysis for
> $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\mu^{+}e^{-}$will be completed, although
> data may

be exploited for other $K^{+}$ decays of interest. The physics results
will be published.

### Expected Progress in FY 2002

> The data analysis will come to a conclusion.

[E926, Measurement of]{.underline}
$K_{L} \rightarrow \pi^{0}\nu\overline{\nu}$

> Expected Progress in FY 2001
>
> If funds are made available, further beam tests of prototypes will be
> undertaken.

Beamline and target design will be taken as far as possible without
partial construction and testing. A full support structure design,
including vacuum vessel will be completed. Further optimization of the
design both for the AGS and the Fermilab Main Injector versions will be
carried out. A choice of where to proceed with the experiment will be
made. Long lead-time beam and accelerator components will be procured.

> Expected Progress in FY 2002
>
> If capital funding is available procurement of detector components and
> fabrication

of systems will commence. There will be tests of microbunching with a
dedicated system. Work will continue on simulation and analysis
programs.

> [AGS E949: Search for]{.underline}
> $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ [and related
> processes]{.underline}
>
> Expected Progress in FY 2001
>
> The construction of the E949 detector will be completed. The Beamline

improvements will also be completed and procurement of spares will
commence. An engineering and commissioning run will be conducted. With
optimal performance and half of the HEP running time, the experimental
sensitivity is expected to reach a level comparable to that of E787.
Depending on detector performance during the engineering run, additional
repairs or modifications are envisioned during the \~3 month RHIC
shutdown, before the long FY 2002 run.

> Expected Progress in FY 2002
>
> Procurement of spares and possible modifications will be completed in

FY 2002. The first major data collection run for E949 will commence. The
expected sensitivity, based on this first half of the experiment, will
be 3-5 Standard Model
K${}^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ events. This
should allow a determination

of $|V_{\text{td}}|$ to \~30\\% and close a window for significant
enhancements to the
K${}^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ branching ratio
from new physics. The FY 2002 run will provide the first substantial
increase in the world sample of
K${}^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}$ events and
usher in a new era for this "Golden Mode" for understanding CP-violation
in the Standard Model.

> [FNAL E905 (CKM): Precision Measurement of the Decay]{.underline}
> $K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ [and Other
> Rare]{.underline} $K^{+}$[decay processes at Fermilab Using the Main
> Injector]{.underline}
>
> Expected Progress in FY 2001
>
> Photon veto, muon veto and straw tracker R&D will be completed. A full
> proposal

will be submitted to the FNAL PAC.

> Expected Progress in FY 2002
>
> If sufficient funding is provided detailed detector engineering and
> prototyping

will commence.

> 2\. [Rare Muon Processes]{.underline}
>
> [AGS E821, a Precision Measurement of the Muon (*g*-2)]{.underline}

### Expected Progress in FY 2001

> The polarity of the beamline and storage ring magnets may be reversed
> to take

data on *g*-2 for the $\mu^{-}$. This will complete the approved running
time for the experiment. Analysis of *g*-2 for the $\mu^{+}$ will be
completed.

### Expected Progress in FY 2002

> Analysis of *g*-2 for the $\mu^{-}$will be completed.
>
> [AGS E940, Muon Electron Conversion Experiment (MECO)]{.underline}

### Expected Progress in FY 2001

> If the project is approved for funding by the NSF detailed
> engineering, design,

and a bottom-up work breakdown structure (WBS) cost estimation will be
carried out.

### Expected Progress in FY 2002

> Construction of the detector and beamline will begin.
>
> [Muon Electron Dipole Moment (EDM) Experiment]{.underline}
>
> Expected Progress in FY 2001
>
> If funding is available a prototype of the electrostatic plates which
> are to produce

the flat radial E-field by the proposal time will be constructed. The
distance between the electrostatic plates will be monitored to better
than 5 nm with a laser interferometer to be provided by Agilent
Technology. The first unit will be used to check the plate stability of
the prototype. When the proposal is approved work will start on all the
systems needed for the first stage of the experiment. This includes all
the electrostatic plates with the complete monitoring system, the
Lithium lens, beam transport line and installation, the inflector, the
detectors, the deuteron polarimeter and the readout system. Work will
also begin on the gain response, and the design, prototyping and

production of the electrostatic plates (the source of the flat radial
E-field) the necessary beam tracking studies.

> Expected Progress in FY 2002
>
> With adequate funding the EDM experiment will start running first with
> deuterons

and then with muons for a 3 to 4 orders of magnitude improvement over
the present limit. If the run is successful a proposal to modify the
ring to strong focusing to capture more muons in the ring will be
submitted.

3.  [Hadron Spectroscopy]{.underline}

> [AGS E852, Search for mesons with exotic quantum numbers]{.underline}
>
> Expected Progress in FY 2001
>
> Most of the partial wave analyses started the previous year will be
> completed.

First results on the Kaon-enriched data set will be submitted for
publication. This is particularly important as no other experiment in
the world has studied the coupling of hybrid exotic mesons to strange
quarks.

> Expected Progress in FY 2002
>
> Final results on the Kaon-enriched data will be submitted for
> publication. If hybrid

mesons coupling to strange quarks do show up in the analysis effort
additional studies may be undertaken.

> 4\. [Experiments at Outside Facilities]{.underline}

1.  [CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) A Toroidal LHC Apparatus
    (ATLAS)]{.underline}

##### Experiment

> Additional scientific manpower will be required to complete the work
> detailed

below in both FY 2001 and FY 2002. The required increases are reflected
in the revised FY 2001 request and the FY 2002 request.

# Expected Progress in FY 2001

> [Liquid Calorimeter:]{.underline}
>
> The first module, module one, for the barrel calorimeter will be
> constructed and

tested. The production of preamplifiers will start as will the
production of the Barrel Feedthroughs. The readout electrodes should go
into mass production. Production of the motherboards and summing boards
will start. Prototypes of rad hard power supplies will be tested. By the
end of 2000 the Barrel Cryostat warm vessel will be tested and the cold
vessel construction completed. The final assembly of the warm and cold
vessel will also take place.

> [Muon System:]{.underline}
>
> Studies of the full-scale prototype will continue. Results of these
> studies will be

used to start the engineering design of a production module. Prototype
front end integrated circuits will be used to design and fabricate the
next generation readout prototype which will be the basis for the final
electronics readout system. Detector layout details and sub-detector
geometrical envelopes in the endcaps will be finalized. Interface
questions with regard to the trigger detectors will be addressed.
Studies of the operating point of the pressurized drift tubes (MDTs)
will continue.

[U.S. ATLAS Project Office:]{.underline}

> The U.S. ATLAS Project Office will continue to provide support for the

Construction Project and start to support the Physics and Computing
Project.

# Expected Progress in FY 2002

> [Liquid Calorimeter:]{.underline}
>
> Construction of the calorimeter will move into high gear. The readout
> electronics

produced at BNL will be tested (preamps, motherboards, system crate).
The Barrel Cryostat will be delivered to CERN and acceptance tests will
be performed. Feedthroughs will be installed in the Cryostat.

> [Muon System:]{.underline}
>
> Systems aspects of the CSC subsystem and the design of chamber
> production

tooling will be the main activities. The gas system, interfaces to the
overall Muon Endcap alignment system, as well as support structures will
be designed. In electronics, the overall readout architecture and the
interface to the ATLAS Data Acquisition System (DAQ) will be designed
and prototypes fabricated. Performance studies and detector simulations
will continue.

[U.S. ATLAS Project office]{.underline}

> The U.S. ATLAS Project Office will continue to support both the
> Construction

Project as well as the Physics and Computing Project.

> 4.2 [Fermilab D∅ Experiment]{.underline}

# Expected Progress in FY 2001

> All components of the D∅ upgrade detector will be ready to roll into
> the collision

hall before March 2001. First collisions are expected to start on that
date. BNL physicists will participate in commissioning (both hardware
and software), in data taking and analysis.

If participation in the Forward Proton Detector effort is approved
construction will begin. The proposal is to build electromagnetic shower
detectors to cover the pseudorapidity range between 5 and 7.

# 

# Expected Progress in FY 2002

> Data taking and analysis is expected to continue during this year.

The construction of the shower detectors for the FPD upgrade will be
completed and initial data taken.

2.  [MINOS]{.underline}

> [Expected Progress in FY 2001]{.underline}
>
> The feasibility of using induced radioactivity to monitor intense
> beams will be

better understood by analysis of published data as well as experience
from the g-2 experiment at the AGS.

> The group will be expanded to deal with the requirements of the signed
> MOU. It

is likely that two Research Associates will be hired and perhaps a more
senior person, especially if the test beam work at Brookhaven is
approved.

> Expected Progress in FY 2002
>
> A decision on beam monitoring using induced radioactivity will be made
> and

construction of the required elements completed.

> Test beam studies will be underway either at Brookhaven or CERN
> depending on

the decisions of the MINOS group and DOE.

> Analysis of the 4-plane prototype will be completed.
>
> Work on Beam monitoring and detector simulations will continue.
> Substantial

effort will be underway on preparations for data analysis and especially
for understanding events in the front detector and their correlation
with the beam conditions.

1.  [SuperKamiokande]{.underline}

#### Expected Progress in FY 2001

> Data taking with the SuperKamiokande detector will continue. New
> results on

neutrino oscillations and proton decay are to be expected. The
collaboration will continue its work defining how best to identify
supernova outbursts or other unusual short duration phenomena and how
best to rapidly convey this information in a useful way to astronomers
who might be able to observe other (non-neutrino) aspects of these
phenomena. The Long Baseline oscillation search using the KEK neutrino
beam will be reporting results by this time.

## Expected Progress in FY 2002

> Data taking with the SuperKamiokande detector will continue. By this
> time very

high statistic results on relatively rare processes will be available.
In particular, new limits on proton decay will be published

> 5\. [Muon Collider Studies]{.underline}

# Muon collider experiment

## 

## Expected Progress in FY 2001

> Studies of detector backgrounds and detector systems for muon
> colliders will continue. In

particular studies of forward muon detectors covering angles below 10
degrees from the beam lines will begin. In collaboration with the
Instrumentation Division work will begin to simulate novel tracking
detectors. Estimates will be made of the radiation hazards of the
neutrino factory target ensemble and the muon storage ring.

## Expected Progress in FY 2002

> Muon collider backgrounds and detector studies will continue. The
> neutrino factory will

look primarily for neutrino oscillations. Control of the muon
polarization could optimize the beam for either electron or muon
neutrinos. Unfortunately, both neutrinos will always be present due to
the finite emittance. This implies a very good detector with all lepton
identification, including sign and energy. Work will be underway on the
design of such a complex neutrino detector.

> 6\. [Theory]{.underline}
>
> Expected Progress in FY 2001
>
> Research in the areas of electroweak studies, collider phenomenology,
> perturbative QCD

and lattice gauge theories will remain the High Energy Theory Group\'s
primary focus.

> Studies of Higgs phenomenology at future colliders will continue. The
> prospects for

precision measurements of the Higgs Yukawa couplings at the LHC and at
NLC will be examined.

> Development will continue on ISAJET, a Monte Carlo program to simulate
> $\text{pp}$ $\overline{p}p$, and

$e^{+}e^{-}$ interactions at high energies. The developments will
probably emphasize supersymmetry, but other possibilities for new
physics such as the possibility of extra dimensions at relatively low
mass scales will also be considered.

> Studies of SUSY signatures for the Tevatron, the LHC, and future
> $e^{+}e^{-}$ or $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$

colliders will continue. In particular, active involvement in the ATLAS
SUSY group and in physics studies for the ATLAS detector at the LHC will
continue. More work will be done on using multi-step decays of SUSY
particles

to determine their masses. Work will be started towards understanding
how to make precise measurements with the actual detector and
reconstruction software.

> QCD studies of multi-jet rates at next-to-leading order at hadron
> colliders will continue.

Two photon plus jet production at LHC will be computed at
next-to-leading order.

> Applications of future intense muon sources will be a primary research
> focus. Theoretical

support for MECO (muon-electron conversion) at BNL will be given.
Additional applications of the MECO facility will be examined. Included
will be other rare muon decays, neutrino studies, and tests for future
muon biomedical applications.

> Ongoing and proposed neutrino oscillation efforts will be critiqued.
> The possibility of

measuring CP violation will be examined. Advantages of a low energy muon
storage ring will be assessed.

> Effects of large extra dimensions will be examined. Topics to be
> studied include: Flavor

Changing Neutral Currents, CP Violation, Neutrino Masses, and Proton
Decay. In addition, cosmological implications of such scenarios will be
investigated.

> Goals of future high energy lepton colliders will be elucidated. The
> physics case for a high

energy muon collider (\> 3 TeV) will be made.

> Work on electroweak radiative corrections to hadronic tau decays will
> be reopened as

part of a collaborative effort with German theorists in Karlsruhl.

> Lattice gauge theory using the RIKEN BNL supercomputer will remain a
> major focus of

the High Energy Theory group. A precision calculation of $B_{K}$ in the
continuum limit but within the quenched approximation will be completed.
Numerical lattice studies of $K \rightarrow \text{ππ}$ matrix elements
and $\frac{\varepsilon^{'}}{\varepsilon}$ will continue, along with
calculations of the light quark masses.

> CP violation in $B$ physics will continue to be an important area of
> study.
>
> Studies of spin physics at RHIC will continue. Models of the pomeron
> will be extended to

determine the theoretical prediction for the spin-dependence of the
pomeron-proton coupling. Theoretical candidates for a Regge trajectory
coupling to the proton-proton double spin-flip amplitude $\varphi_{-}$
will be sought.

> Work in high temperature field theory will continue, including studies
> of the quark-gluon

plasma and effective field theories valid near the critical temperature.

> Expected Progress in FY 2002
>
> The High Energy Theory Group\'s efforts are expected to remain
> focussed on electroweak

studies, collider phenomenology, perturbative QCD and lattice gauge
theories. Efforts in lattice gauge theory using the RIKEN BNL
supercomputer will remain strong.

> Theoretical work on the physics of intense muon sources and support
> for MECO will

continue.

> As neutrino mixing gets better determined, efforts will be made to
> relate lepton masses

and CP violation with Leptogenesis and its connection to Baryogenesis.

> If the Higgs scalar is not observed and precision electroweak
> measurements indicate new

physics, dynamical symmetry breaking scenarios will be reexamined.
Properties of composite scalars will be studied. The connection with
superstrings will be investigated. Detailed studies of Higgs physics at
an NLC will continue.

> Several two loop studies of electroweak radiative corrections will be
> undertaken. Included

will be atomic parity violation, beta decay, and gauge boson masses.

> Development will continue on ISAJET, a Monte Carlo program to simulate
> $\text{pp}$ and $\overline{p}p$

interactions at high energies. The development will continue to
emphasize supersymmetry. The treatment of existing models will be
improved and new ones will be added as interest warrants.

> Studies of SUSY signatures for the Tevatron, the LHC, and future
> $e^{+}e^{-}$ or $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$

colliders will continue with particular emphasis on studies for ATLAS at
the LHC. The new ATLAS software should start to become available,
allowing more realistic and detailed studies. The long-term goal is to
develop an analysis strategy capable of extracting unknown physics first
from a mock data challenge and then from real data.

> NLC and Muon collider studies will be expanded. The utility of
> polarization for both

beams will continue to be examined.

> Bottom ($b$) quark physics will be studied in connection with
> precision experiments at B

factories.

> Non-perturbative field theory, particularly in the context of lattice
> Gauge theory, will

continue to be a major research topic. Efforts will continue toward
developing a new numerical algorithm for including dynamical fermion
loops. Lattice calculations of light fermion masses and weak matrix
elements will continue.

> Studies of spin physics at RHIC will continue.
>
> Work in high temperature field theory will continue.

7.  [Presidential Budget]{.underline}

> The Presidential budget for Physics Research represents a zero
> increase over the

FY 2000 budget. This level of funding will have a serious impact on
technical progress in research programs and will cause a severe loss of
materials, supplies and travel (MST) required to do consistent research.

Expected Progress in FY 2001

The FY 2001 projected Presidential operating costs for the research
groups are as follows:

OMEGA Group \$ 3,939,083

Quark Gluon Spectroscopy Group \$ 860,301

Electronics Detector Group \$ 2,802,730

Theory Group [\$ 2,229,886]{.underline}

Total: \$ 9,832,000

The FY 2001 revised Presidential operating request represents an
increase of 7.7% over the FY 2000 budget. The revision is required to
support the increased roles assigned under approved DOE program
guidance, to allow for salary increases and to provide necessary travel
and MST support for the increased activity especially on ATLAS and DØ.

OMEGA Group \$ 4,290,903

Quark Gluon Spectroscopy Group \$ 924,095

Electronics Detector Group \$ 2,889,829

Theory Group [\$ 2,483,191]{.underline}

Total: \$10,588,018

Expected Progress In FY 2002

The projected FY 2002 operational costs are required to sustain the
requested increases

in FY 2001 to support the increased roles and responsibilities assigned
under approved DOE program guidance.

OMEGA Group \$ 4,505,448

Quark Gluon Spectroscopy Group \$ 970,300

Electronics Detector Group \$ 3,034,321

Theory Group [\$ 2,607,350]{.underline} Total: \$11,117,419

**e. Relationships to Other Projects**

> The work covered by this program is part of a comprehensive national
> and international effort in

high energy physics. The effort involves research programs at
universities, national laboratories (including major accelerator centers
like BNL) and international laboratories.

> Progress in accelerator-based high energy physics is made along two
> directions. One is the so-

called high energy route and the other is the high intensity route. In
the former, one looks for the production of new high-mass states; in the
latter, one searches for suppressed or forbidden processes and performs
precision measurements.

> The two approaches are complementary. The highest energy machines
> allow study of states of

matter which cannot be produced at AGS energies. On the other hand, the
rare processes studied at the AGS give indirect information about very
high mass scales.

> The AGS-based program provides important and, in some areas, unique
> information by exploring

the high intensity route. The BNL staff provides the core of many of the
collaborative efforts at the AGS, as well as the technical support for
the program. BNL physicists also collaborate elsewhere on experiments at
the highest available energies.

**g. Capital Equipment**

> [Capital Equipment FY 2001 Budget (\$1,300,000)]{.underline}
>
> [General Purpose Equipment (\$400,000)]{.underline}

The High Energy Research program requires additional funds for computer
processing units (CPU) and disk space for theory and continued analysis
of AGS experiments, the DØ experiment and muon collider studies.

> [Experiments at BNL (\$900,000)]{.underline}
>
> [Electronic Detector Group (\$900,000)]{.underline}

AGS Experiment 949, an experiment to measure the branching ratio
$B(K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu})$, one of the "Golden
Modes\" for understanding CP-violation in the Standard Model, requests
funds for detector construction. A measurement of the
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ branching ratio can be used
to cleanly determine the Standard Model parameter $|V_{\text{td}}|$. To
complete the detector and beam line construction in time to run in FY
2001, the experiment needs substantial capital funds. These funds will
finish the upgrade of range stack and target detectors and will upgrade
the DAQ system and construct the new monitoring system. The upgrade of
the beam line will be finished and allow for the construction of
necessary spares for some key beam line elements.

> [Additional Capital Equipment Needs in FY 2001
> (\$2,025,000)]{.underline}

In addition to the capital equipment requested under the FY 2001
President's Budget, the Laboratory is seeking additional capital funding
in the FY 2001 Revised Budget to meet new program needs in HEP as
follows:

> [Experiments at BNL (\$ 2,025,000)]{.underline}
>
> [Electronic Detector Group (\$50,000)]{.underline}

The MINOS experiment at FERMILAB will send a beam of muon neutrinos to a
large detector about 730 km away. The goal of the experiment is to
confirm or refute the recent observation in cosmic rays that muon
neutrinos transform into other types of neutrinos in flight. MINOS will
also attempt to determine the types of neutrinos into which the
transformation may occur. BNL is working in the area of beam monitoring
and will also take on responsibility for the manning and the analysis of
data from the 4-plane prototype.

> [Quark Gluon Spectroscopy Group (\$175,000)]{.underline}
>
> During FY 2001 the BNL personnel working on AGS experiment E852
> expects to start

work on the DØ upgrade at FERMILAB and contribute to the Forward Proton
detector (FPD). Work here will focus on interfaces between Roman pot
detectors and the DØ data acquisition system. The FPD provides an
opportunity for searching for J PC - exotic mesons produced in
double-Pomeron fusion processes.

> [Advanced Accelerator Group (\$1,900,000)]{.underline}
>
> The Advanced Accelerator Group requests capital funds in FY 2001 to
> continue

construction of the Targetry and Capture Experiment, which was recently
approved at the AGS. This set of experiments has been designed to
address critical R&D issues concerned with targetry and pion capture for
a possible future neutrino factory or muon collider. In order to achieve
high luminosity the muon collider requires putting 4 MW of beam power
into a production target. The target material, geometry and method of
construction will have to be prototyped. In order to capture as many of
the produced pions as possible, the target must be located inside a
large diameter, 20 T solenoid magnet. To minimize costs it is proposed
that the demonstration use a set of pulsed coils that will be energized
by a 4 to 5 MW pulsed power supply system. A switching system would be
used to energize the coils and liquid nitrogen would be used to cool
them (\$500,000). The muon collider design uses rf phase rotation
immediately following the target to reduce the energy spread of the
collected pions/muons as soon as possible. It is important to
demonstrate that the rf cavity can operate satisfactorily in the
radiation environment downstream of the target. A low frequency rf
cavity together with its required power source and auxiliary equipment
(\$500,000) will be built. To simulate the energy density on the target
expected in the muon collider fast extraction of all the pulses
circulating in the AGS is needed. This would require additional upgrades
of the extraction system (\$900,000). It is expected that a priority
assessment of this request will be done under the auspices of the Muon
Collider Oversight Group (MCOG) and its resulting ranking will be
established in the national Muon Collaboration R&D Program by MCOG. This
request is to establish the formal request for capital funding.

### Capital Needs for Experiments Funded Outside of the DOE Program at BNL

Funding for this project is being sought from NSF through an MRE
proposal and is not included in the DOE budget request.

> [Electronic Detector Group (\$200,000)]{.underline}
>
> The KOPIO experiment E 926, a measurement of the rare decay
> $K_{L} \rightarrow \pi^{0}\nu\overline{\nu}$, needs

funds for detector design and prototype development. This experiment
will make an unambiguous measurement of the CKM parameter η which is
crucial in modern theories of CP-violation. In conjunction with other
data, it will determine whether the Standard Model explanation of this
symmetry violation is self-consistent. KOPIO is thus one of the most
important single experiments of the next few years. In conjunction with
other data, it will determine whether the Standard Model explanation of
this symmetry violation is self-consistent. These funds will allow for
prototype work to begin on some key elements of the detector.

> [Capital Equipment FY 2002 Budget (\$2,825,000)]{.underline}
>
> [General Purpose Equipment (\$150,000)]{.underline}

The High Energy Research program requires additional funds for computer
CPU and disk space for theory and continued analysis of AGS experiments,
the DØ experiment, and muon collider studies.

> [Experiments at BNL (\$ 2,675,000)]{.underline}
>
> [Electronic Detector Group (\$ 400,000)]{.underline}
>
> Experiment 949, will require funds to respond to lessons learned from
> the first run of the

new detector in FY 2001. It is anticipated that upgrades to the DAQ
system may be needed. The first long data collection will occur in FY
2002 and it is essential that all contingencies be covered. E949 will be
well on its way towards a measurement of the
$K^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\nu\overline{\nu}$ branching ratio and a
determination of the Standard Model parameter $|V_{\text{td}}|$.

> [Electronic Detector Group (\$100,000)]{.underline}
>
> The MINOS experiment at FERMILAB is designed to confirm or refute the
> observation in

cosmic rays that muon neutrinos transform into other types of neutrinos
in flight. MINOS will also attempt to determine the types of neutrinos
into which the transformation may occur. BNL is working in the area of
beam monitoring and will also take on additional responsibilities.

> [Quark Gluon Spectroscopy Group (\$225,000)]{.underline}
>
> During FY 2002, BNL will continue to work on the baseline program of
> the DØ upgrade at

FERMILAB and contribute to the Forward Proton detector (FPD). The effort
here will include interfaces between Roman pot detectors and the DØ data
acquisition system. The FPD provides an opportunity for searching for J
PC - exotic mesons produced in double-Pomeron fusion processes.

> [Advanced Accelerator Group (\$1,950,000)]{.underline}

The Advanced Accelerator Group requests capital funds to continue
construction of the Targetry and Capture Experiment at the AGS. This set
of experiments has been designed to address critical R&D issues
concerned with targetry and pion capture for a possible future neutrino
factory or muon collider. In order to capture as many of the produced
pions as possible, the target must be located inside a large diameter,
20 T solenoid magnet. To minimize costs it is proposed that the
demonstration use a set of pulsed coils. Construction of the pulsed
capture solenoid (\$500,000) must be finished. The muon collider design
uses rf phase rotation immediately following the target to reduce the
energy spread of the collected pions/muons as soon as possible.
Construction of the rf cavity (\$500,000) must be finished. To simulate
the energy density on the target expected in the muon collider fast
extraction of all the pulses circulating in the AGS is necessary. The
upgrades of the extraction system (\$400,000) must be finished. In the
muon collider pions and muons in the decay and phase rotation channel
are confined by a large aperture solenoidal channel. This solenoid must
be present in order for the experiment to measure the pion capture
efficiency and breakdown in the rf cavity (\$550,000).

[Experiments Funded Outside of BNL]{.underline}

Funding for this project is being sought from NSF through an MRE
proposal and is not included in the DOE budget request.

[Electronic Detector Group (\$200,000)]{.underline}

The KOPIO experiment, a measurement of the rare decay
$K_{L} \rightarrow \pi^{0}\nu\overline{\nu}$, needs funds for detector
design and prototype development. This experiment will make an
unambiguous measurement of the CKM parameter η which is crucial in
modern theories of CP-violation. In conjunction with other data, it will
determine whether the Standard Model explanation of this symmetry
violation is self-consistent. KOPIO is thus one of the most important
single experiments of the next few years. The question of where the
experiment is to be done should be decided by this FY, so site-specific
design work can be initiated.