**SPECIAL SPECIFICATION**

**SECTION 02201**

**[EARTHWORK]{.underline}**

[Page]{.underline}

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 Description Of Work 2

1.02 Quality Assurance 2

1.03 Job Conditions 3

1.04 Soil Investigation Report 3

1.05 Digging Permit 4

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 Soils Materials 4

2.02 Miscellaneous Materials 6

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 Excavation 6

3.02 Compaction 9

3.03 Backfill And Fill 11

3.04 Grading 12

3.05 Building Slab Drainage Course 13

3.06 Maintenance 14

3.07 Disposal Of Excess And Waste Materials 14

**SPECIAL SPECIFICATION**

**SECTION 02201**

**[EARTHWORK]{.underline}**

[PART 1 - GENERAL]{.underline}

1.01 [DESCRIPTION OF WORK]{.underline}

A. Earthwork includes, but is not limited to, clearing, grading,
excavating, filling, backfilling and compacting of soils as necessary to
accomplish finished construction as indicated on the drawings.

B. [Excavation for Mechanical/Electrical Work]{.underline}. Excavation
and backfill required in conjunction with underground mechanical and
electrical utilities, and buried mechanical and electrical appurtenances
is included as work of this section.

1.02 [QUALITY ASSURANCE]{.underline}

A. [Testing and Inspection Service]{.underline}

Sandia will engage a soil testing and inspection service, for quality
control testing during earthwork operations. Should initial tests
indicate noncompliance with this specification, the Contractor shall
make corrections as directed. All subsequent testing required to
determine compliance with this specification shall be performed by an
approved testing laboratory at the Contractor\'s expense.

1.03 [JOB CONDITIONS]{.underline}

A. [Existing Utilities]{.underline}. Locate existing underground
utilities in areas of work. If utilities are to remain in place, provide
adequate means of support and protection during earthwork operations.

Should uncharted, or incorrectly charted, piping or other utilities be
encountered during excavation, report it in writing to the Sandia
Contracting Representative (SCR).

Do not interrupt existing utilities without following the standard Plant
Engineering procedures for utility outages. Provide a minimum of two
weeks\' notice to the Sandia Delegated Representative (SDR) and await
notice to proceed before interrupting any utility.

B. [Use of Explosives]{.underline}. The use of explosives is not
permitted.

C. [Protection of Persons and Property]{.underline}. Barricade open
excavations occurring as part of this work and post with warning lights.
Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other
facilities from damages caused by settlement, lateral movement,
undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork operations.

D. [Street Crossings]{.underline}. Excavations shall be conducted in a
manner to cause the least interruption to traffic. Steel plates (1/2\" x
4\' x 10\') will be supplied by Sandia upon request to place over an
open trench for a traffic crossing. Maintain half the width of the
street open at all times unless prior approval from the SCR has been
given to close the street. Requests to close a street must be presented
in writing to the SCR at least two weeks prior to the requested closing
date.

1.04 [SOIL INVESTIGATION REPORT]{.underline}

A. To assist the Contractor, copies of the Soil Investigation Report and
all amendments will be provided with the specifications.

1.05 [DIGGING PERMIT]{.underline}

A. Before any ground excavation takes place, the Contractor shall have
obtained a \"Digging Permit\" from Sandia. Contractor shall contact the
Sandia Delegated Representative for permit procedures.

[PART 2 - PRODUCTS]{.underline}

2.01 [SOILS MATERIALS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}. Unless otherwise noted on the contract
documents, the existing site soils shall be used for fill and backfill
materials. If the on-site soils are found by laboratory test to be
unsuitable for fill and backfill material, this will constitute a
differing site condition and will be handled in accordance with the
differing site conditions provisions given in Section II of the
contract. Any additional fill material used must conform with paragraph
2.01B.

B. [Structural Fill]{.underline}

1\. [General]{.underline}. Structural fill shall consist of a controlled
fill constructed in areas indicated on the drawings.

2\. [Materials]{.underline}. Structural fill material shall consist of
soils that conform to the following physical characteristics:

Sieve Size Percent Passing

[(Square Openings)]{.underline} [by Weight]{.underline}

6 inch 100

No. 4 50-100

No. 200 10-35

The plasticity index of the material, as determined in accordance with
ASTM D 423 and D 424, shall not exceed 15.

The fill material shall be free from roots, grass, other vegetable
matter, clay lumps, rocks larger than 6\", or other deleterious
materials

C. [Retaining Wall Backfill]{.underline}

1\. Retaining wall backfill material shall be free-draining and conform
to fill quality requirements as follows:

Sieve Size Percent Passing

[(Square Openings)]{.underline} [by Dry Weight]{.underline}

3/4 inch 100

No. 4 30-80

No. 200 0-5

2\. The material should have a plasticity index of less than 5 when
tested in accordance with ASTM D 423 and D 424.

D. [Granular Base]{.underline}

1\. Granular base shall meet the following grading requirements as
determined in accordance with ASTM C 136.

Sieve Size Percent Passing

[(Square Openings)]{.underline} [by Dry Weight]{.underline}

1 inch 100

3/4 inch 80-100

No. 4 30-60

No. 200 3-10

2\. The granular base shall have a plasticity index of no greater than 3
when tested in accordance with ASTM D 423 and D424. The coarse aggregate
shall have a percent of wear, when subject to the Los Angeles abrasion
test (ASTM C 131), or no greater than 50.

2.02 [MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS]{.underline}

A. [Utility Identification Tape]{.underline}. Polyethylene plastic
sheet, nominally 6\" wide, in bright contrasting colors with 1\"-minimum
black lettering as indicated.

1\. Color Codes:

Electric - Yellow

Gas - Orange

Water - Blue

Steam - Yellow

Sewer - Red

Telephone - Green

2\. Text: The lettering shall be repeated continuously for the full
length of the tape as follows see standard specification.

B. [Shoring]{.underline}. Sheet Piling or Bracing as required to protect
embankments, paving, structures, or utilities.

[PART 3 - EXECUTION]{.underline}

3.01 [EXCAVATION]{.underline}

A. [Unauthorized excavation]{.underline} consists of removal of
materials beyond indicated sub-grade elevations or dimensions without
specific direction of the SCR. Unauthorized excavation, as well as
remedial work directed by the SCR, shall be Contractor\'s expense.

1\. Under footings, foundation bases, or retaining walls, fill
unauthorized excavation by extending indicated bottom elevation of
footing or base to excavation bottom, without altering required top
elevation. Concrete fill (2000 psi min.) may be used to bring elevations
to proper position, when acceptable to the SCR.

2\. Elsewhere, backfill and compact authorized excavations as specified
for authorized excavations of same classifications, unless otherwise
directed by the SCR.

B. [Additional Excavation]{.underline}. When excavation has reached
required sub-grade elevations, notify the SDR who will make an
inspection of conditions.

1\. If unsuitable bearing materials are encountered at required
sub-grade elevations, the situation will be considered and handled in
accordance with the differing site conditions provisions given in
Section II of the contract.

2\. Removal of unsuitable material and its replacement as directed will
be paid on basis of contract conditions relative to changes in work.

C. [Stability of Excavation]{.underline}. Slope sides of excavations
where possible. Shore and brace where sloping is not possible because of
space restrictions or stability of material excavated. Maintain sides
and slopes of excavations in safe condition until completion of
backfilling.

1\. Shore all vertical cuts greater than five (5) feet in depth.

2\. Shore all trenches across streets that continue to carry traffic
over steel plates.

D. [Dewatering]{.underline}. Prevent surface water and subsurface or
ground water from flowing into excavations and from flooding project
site and surrounding area. Remove water to prevent softening of
foundation bottoms, undercutting footings, and soil changes detrimental
to stability of sub-grades and foundations.

E. [Material Storage]{.underline}. Stockpile satisfactory excavated
materials where directed, until required for backfill or fill. Place,
grade, and shape stockpiles for proper drainage. Locate and retain soil
materials a minimum of 2 feet away from edge of excavations. Dispose of
excess soil material and waste materials as herein specified.

F. [Excavation of Structures]{.underline}

1\. Conform to elevations and dimensions shown within a tolerance of
plus or minus 0.10\', and extending a sufficient distance from footings
and foundations to permit placing and removal of concrete formwork,
installation of service, other construction, and for inspection.

2\. In excavating for footings and foundations, take care not to disturb
bottom of excavation. Excavate by hand to final grade just before
concrete reinforcement is placed. Trim bottoms to required lines and
grades to leave solid base to receive other work.

G. [Excavation for Pavements]{.underline}. Cut surface under pavements
to comply with cross-sections, elevations and grades as shown.

H. [Excavation for Trenches]{.underline}

1\. Dig trenches to the uniform width required for particular item to be
installed, sufficiently wide to provide ample working room. Provide 6\"
to 9\" clearance on both sides of pipe or conduit.

2\. Excavate trenches to depth indicated or required. Carry depth of
trenches for piping to establish indicated flow lines and invert
elevations.

3\. Where rock is encountered, carry excavation 6\" below specified
elevation and backfill with a 6\" layer of crushed stone or gravel prior
to pipe installation.

4\. Grade bottoms of trenches as indicated, notching under pipe bells to
provide solid bearing for entire body of pipe.

5\. Backfill trenches with concrete where trench excavations pass within
18\" of column or wall footings and which are carried below bottom of
such footings, or which pass under wall footings. Place concrete to
level of bottom of adjacent footing.

6\. Do not backfill trenches until tests and inspections have been made
and backfilling authorized by the SDR. Use care in backfilling to avoid
damage or displacement of pipe systems.

I. [Excavation for Trenches Near Buildings 858 and 897.]{.underline}

1\. Scrapers cannot be used for excavation of the soils near Buildings
858 and 897..

2\. Excavations can be carried out using a front-end-loader equal to the
Michigan Model 140 or a backhoe equal to the Ford Model 550. This
equipment may be used closer than 150 ft. from Buildings 858 and 897.

3\. Excavations at closer distances shall involve manual digging with
shovels.

4\. Small rubber-tired bulldozers may be used for miscellaneous
excavation and cleanup at distances not closer than 200 ft. from
Buildings 858 and 897.

5\. Throughout the excavation process, the vibration conditions in
Buildings 858 and 897 will be monitored. If these measurements show that
the restriction on excavation procedures can be relaxed from the above,
the contractor will be notified.

6\. Excavation shall be performed per PART 3.01.H.

J. [Cold Weather Protection]{.underline}. Protect excavation bottoms
against freezing when atmosphere temperature is less than 35 degrees F.
(1 degree C). Do not place any construction on frozen ground.

3.02 [COMPACTION]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}. Control soil compaction during construction,
providing minimum percentage of density specified for each area
classification indicated below.

B. [Percentage of Maximum Density Requirements]{.underline}. Compact
soil to not less than the following percentages of maximum density for
soils which exhibit a well-defined moisture-density relationship
(cohesive soils) determined in accordance with ASTM D 1557; and not less
than the following percentages of relative density, determined in
accordance with ASTM D 2049, for soils which will not exhibit a
well-defined moisture-density relationship (cohesionless soils).

1\. [Structures, Building Slabs and Steps, Pavements]{.underline}:
Compact top 12\" of sub-grade and each layer of backfill or fill
material at 95% relative density. (Exception: Utility trenches under
pavements may be compacted as indicated on Standard Drawing 90426).

2\. [Lawn or Unpaved Areas]{.underline}: Compact top 6\" of sub-grade
and each layer of backfill or fill material at 85% maximum density for
clayey soils (more than 35% passing No. 200 sieve) and 90% relative
density for all other soils.

3\. [Walkways]{.underline}: Compact top 6\" of sub-grade and each layer
of backfill or fill material at 90% maximum density for clayey material
or 95% relative density for all other material.

C. [Compaction Near Buildings 858 and 897]{.underline}

1\. Static (non-vibratory) roller compactors may be used without
restrictions.

2\. Small hand-held \"page\" compactors may be used at distances no
closer than 100 ft. from Buildings 858 and 897.

3\. A Ray Go Model 22A vibratory compactor may be used no closer than
400 ft. from Buildings 858 and 897.

4\. A hand-guided Rammex vibratory compactor may be used no closer than
250 ft. from Buildings 858 and 897.

5\. An Ingersol Rand Model DA30 vibratory compactor may be used no
closer than 150 ft. from Buildings 858 and 897.

D. [Moisture Control]{.underline}. Where sub-grade or layer of soil
material must be moisture conditioned before compaction, uniformly apply
water to surface of sub-grade, or layer of soil material, to prevent
free water appearing on surface during or subsequent to compaction
operations. Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry, soil material
that is too wet to permit compaction to specified density.

3.03 [BACKFILL AND FILL]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}. Place acceptable soil material in layers to
required sub-grade elevations, for each area classification listed
below:

1\. In excavations, use satisfactory excavated or borrow material.

2\. Under building slabs, use granular base material.

3\. Behind retaining walls, use retaining wall backfill material.

B. Backfill excavation as promptly as work permits, but not until
completion of the following:

1\. Acceptance of construction below finish grade including, where
applicable, dampproofing, waterproofing, and perimeter insulation.

2\. Inspection, testing, approval, and recording locations of
underground utilities.

3\. Removal of concrete formwork.

4\. Removal of shoring and bracing, and backfilling of voids with
satisfactory materials.

5\. Removal of trash and debris.

C. [Ground Surface Preparation]{.underline}. Remove vegetation, debris,
unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions, and deleterious materials
from ground surface prior to placement of fills. Plow, strips, or
break-up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so that
fill material will bond with existing surface.

D. [Placement and Compaction]{.underline}.

1\. Place backfill and fill materials in layers not more than 8\" in
loose depth for material compacted by heavy compaction equipment, and
not more than 6\" loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated
tampers.

2\. Before compaction, moisten or aerate each layer as necessary to
provide optimum moisture content. Compact each layer to required
percentage of maximum dry density or relative dry density for each area
classification. Do not place backfill or fill material on surfaces that
are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice.

3\. Place backfill and fill material evenly adjacent to structures,
piping or conduit to required elevations. Take care to prevent wedging
action of backfill against structures or displacement of piping or
conduit by carrying material uniformly around structure, piping or
conduit to approximately same elevation in each lift.

E. [Backfill at Utility Trenches]{.underline}. Install continuous
utility identification tape at all utility trenches as they are
backfilled. Locate the tape approximately three feet above the utility
line, but not less than one foot below grade. Install it directly above
and parallel to the utility line with the printed side up. Take
necessary precautions to avoid distorting or misplacing the tape as
backfill continues.

3.04 [GRADING]{.underline}

> A. [General]{.underline}. Uniformly grade areas within limits of
> grading under this section, including adjacent transition areas.
> Smooth finished surfaces within specified tolerances, compact with
> uniform levels or slopes between points where elevations are
> indicated, or between such points and existing grades.

B. [Grading Outside Building Lines]{.underline}

1\. Grade areas adjacent to building lines to drain away from structures
and to prevent ponding.

2\. Finish surfaces free from irregular surface changes and as follows:

[Lawn or Unpaved Areas]{.underline}: Finish areas to receive topsoil to
within not more than 0.10\' above or below required sub-grade
elevations.

[Walks]{.underline}: Shape surface of areas under walks to line, grade
and cross-section, with finish surface not more than 1/2\" above or
below required sub-grade elevation.

[Pavements]{.underline}: Shape surface of areas under pavement to line,
grade and cross-section, with finish surface not more than 1/2\" above
or below required sub-grade elevation.

C. [Grading Surface of Fill Under Building Slabs]{.underline}. Grade
smooth and even, free of voids, compacted as specified, and to required
elevation. Provide final grades within a tolerance of 1/2\" when tested
with a 10\' straightedge.

D. [Compaction]{.underline}. After grading, compact sub-grade surfaces
to the depth and indicated percentage of maximum or relative density for
each area classification.

3.05 [BUILDING SLAB DRAINAGE COURSE]{.underline}

> [General]{.underline}: Drainage course consists of placement of 6\"
> thickness of granular base material over sub-grade surface to support
> concrete building slabs.

3.05 [MAINTENANCE]{.underline}

A. [Protection of Graded Areas]{.underline}. Protect newly graded areas
from traffic and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris. Repair and
re-establish grades in settled, eroded, and rutted areas to specified
tolerances.

B. [Reconditioning Compacted Areas]{.underline}. Where completed
compacted areas are disturbed by subsequent construction operations or
adverse weather, scarify surface, re-shape, and compact to required
density prior to further construction.

C. [Settling]{.underline}. Where settling is measurable or observable at
excavated areas during general project warranty period, remove surface
(pavement, lawn or other finish), add backfill material, compact, and
replace surface treatment. Restore appearance, quality, and condition of
surface or finish to match adjacent work, and eliminate evidence of
restoration to greatest extent possible.

3.07 [DISPOSAL OF EXCESS AND WASTE MATERIALS]{.underline}

A. [Removal of Excess Materials]{.underline}. Transport excess excavated
material to designated soil storage areas on Kirtland Air Force Base.
Waste areas will generally be within one mile of project site. Stockpile
soil or spread as directed by the SDR.

END OF SECTION