# MEMORANDUM 

**To:** Distribution

**From:** George R. Neil

**Subject:** FEL Upgrade Project Weekly Brief -- April 2-6, 2007

**Date:** April 6, 2007

***In passing: Courtlandt L. Bohn (1954-2007)***

Court\'s colleagues at Jefferson Lab in Newport News, Virginia are very
fortunate to have shared time with him in the 1990\'s when he was a
fellow physicist at our laboratory. We are sure that all who knew and
interacted with Court are greatly saddened by the sudden loss of such a
remarkable man. We could write tomes about Court\'s acumen as a
scientist, but his scientific record - his publications, the
sophisticated scientific instruments that were created by his handiwork,
and the careers of his fortunate students- will speak to his career
accomplish-ments for generations.  What we remember most about Court is
his humanity. He could engage with anybody and you walked away from that
conversation knowing that you had just met a true gentleman and a caring
soul. We will miss much about Court: his eagerness to solve problems,
his patience with those of us with much higher strung personalities, his
talents for listening and telling us what we heard, and his wry sense of
humor. The unsolved problem of cancer has taken Court from his loving
family and his many friends and colleagues.  The tenacity and courage
with which Court met this problem during the past year is his final gift
to us. - *HFD for the FEL team*

**Highlights:**

Substantial work is underway in many support systems to establish the
gun test stand as a viable experimental area with operating beamlines;
see below for details. We had fabrication problems with both the cooled
wiggler chamber and the scatter shields for the optics and so postponed
our shutdown until Tuesday, April 9.  We took advantage of the extra run
time to continue CSR studies, studies of optical coating losses, and
beam transport studies.

**Management:**

We held a meeting to review the FEL Operational Safety Envelope
and verify configuration control of FSAD, safe operating envelope, and
the accelerator itself.

We held several meetings on the plan for gun installation, the required
safety analyses, and permitting.  An approach was adopted which will
permit initial gun checkout in the summer while the full safety system
is still being assembled. 

We held a telcon with our Military Technical Advisory Committee to
review program status and discuss the path forward.

**Operations:**

We had considerable time this week to work on the accelerator and
investigate its behavior and that of the laser. Monday was devoted to
recovering from a change of unknown origin in the injector. With
considerable effort by Wes Moore, the machine was recovered well enough
by Tuesday to allow Michelle Shinn to perform cavity loss/ringdown
measurements, whereafter considerable data was taken on CSR/LSC momentum
spread enhancement in the second arc. Loss measurements continued
Wednesday; the cathode was recesiated on Thursday. The CHL chose
opportunistically to trip during the cesiation, saving a lot of lost
recovery time! After recovery, difference orbit measurements were
started in anticipation of the shutdown. We immediately discovered that
the dispersion was no longer well suppressed and initiated a (futile)
search for the source. By Friday, it appeared to be due either to
another delaminated GW pole piece or some other stray field source; we
will look at the hardware in detail during the down. We were able to
rule out poor steering. We also returned to the injector \"change\",
which - after a suggestion by Tom Powers - is isolated to what seems to
be a shift in the very first SRF cavity\'s phase and gradient. After
compensating these, we were able to produce a fairly short bunch (Happek
scan of 293 fsec). Machine characterization continues Monday, prior to
the down.

**FEL phase modulation study**\
This week we have continued our study of the sensitivity of the FEL to
the phase modulation of the electron beam.\
Using a detector with a bandwidth of several GHz installed in the Lab1
so that the whole FEL mode can be measured, we looked at the FEL phase
noise spectrum. The RMS phase noise level would appear to be extremely
high. Therefore we are evaluating the measurement method and the
contribution of the electronic noise to the measurement accuracy. Even
though the noise level would seem to be very high, we measured the noise
spectrum having introduced phase modulation of the electron beam at the
wiggler by modulation of the electron beam energy in the injector. The
measurements were done for a modulation frequency in the range from 5 to
150 kHz. The modulation frequency peak could be clearly measured in the
FEL noise spectrum. We also have measured the spectrum of the FEL power
signal. We are analyzing data and reevaluating the FEL phase noise
measurement setup.

**Injector:**

On Thursday we re-cesiated the photocathode which delivered 257 Coulombs
and 65 hours of CW beam time for FEL ops since the last re-cesiation on
March 5 2007. The maximum CW current was 1 mA during that time. K. Beard
made significant progress in our PARMELA modeling by incorporating the
7-cell module. Testing is in progress.\
\
***Gun Test Stand***\
The blank conflat flanges to be mounted on the gun vacuum chamber are
being modified by the machine shop in preparation for vacuum firing.
Today we received the last major component for the load lock system, the
all-metal gate valve that will separate the load-lock chamber from the
main gun vacuum chamber.\
\
We held our second meeting with the Safety Systems, Electrical, and
Instrumentation & Control groups. Major tasks where identified and
prioritized. Individual group meetings will be setup within the next
week to discuss drive laser options, diagnostics beam line layout, and
Personal Safety System Interface. Baseline Hazard Assessment
documentation is in progress.

The AC power will begin to be installed in the GTS next week. The
transformer has not yet been ordered due to account code issues but Lyn
is dealing with that. Paul Powers will be ordering it when \$ is clear.
Paul is scheduling the electrical contractor Harris, to run the conduit
to where the transformer will be located and connect to the 480VAC
breaker in lab 6. This will be done Tuesday or Wed. and require a brief
shut down of panel E100, this will affect E1400; power for the lasers in
lab 6 and E100A; the new sextupole power supply AC power. Barry Shinault
& crew will mount the 42 slot 208/120 panel in Area 51 and run the
circuits to the racks. Harris will hang and connect transformer when it
arrives. The bulk of this work should be done in 2 weeks.

**Instrumentation & Controls:**

Excellent progress has been made on the Gun Test Stand (GTS). The AC
power requirements are complete and installation has begun. The rack
layout for instrumentation & controls, DC Power, Personnel safety,
network and vacuum is firming up. The electricians have begun to install
additional raceway for the network installation that should begin next
week. More raceway will be added that will connect the gallery racks to
the GTS.  M. Marchlik has begun updating the GTS room drawings to
reflect all new equipment installations. Additionally the gun tank has
been refurbished and is ready for painting.\
    The schematic design of the Analog Distribution Module that is being
designed for the GTS HVPS Controller is completed.  The PCB layout of
this card is underway and some good progress is being made.  Some of the
required parts for the design and layout have been ordered, such as the
front panel meters and counters.  The functional ports to talk with
these devices are in place, but once the product is tested and verified
to be the best solution, some tweaks in the schematic will need to
occur.  Some forward progress is also being made on the Digital
Distribution Module that will be designed around the HVPS Controller. 
The plan is to have these two distribution modules that will be
applicable for several applications just by altering some jumper
locations.\
    A test crate for the Beam Viewer system has been assembled.  The
cables needed to apply the power and to check out the I/O signals need
to be assembled.  The RF shields for the channels and processor in the
Embedded BPM Electronics have arrived.  We have assembled the shields
and verified that the design is optimal.  These parts fit perfectly out
of the box, our Mechanical Engineering Student did an excellent job with
the design of these parts.  The breakout extension for the 64
Ch. Silicon Diode Crate was completed.  We now have a crate extension
that will be installed early next week that will breakout all 64
Channels to BNC connections for patching into an external ADC or looking
at the signals on an oscilloscope.   \
    Additional support was given to preparing the new wiggler vacuum
chamber for copper plating.

**Beam Transport:**

#### Improvements and Upgrades

*New Gun Test Stand*

•  No work on this because of work on new wiggler chamber

*SF Sextupole Magnet Testing*

• The Accelerator Division's Power Supply Group continues their
commissioning of the CANBUS control of the new power supplies.

*Cooled and less resistive Wiggler Chamber*

• The Sputtering test on the Test Chamber convinced us that sputtering
was not easy.  The plasma seeks large volumes at the expense of narrow
gaps and fell short of coating the chamber end by about 2 cm. 
Sputtering also applied copper to the insulating stand-offs that kept
the copper electrode centered in the chamber.  This copper layer shorts
out the insulator and sputtering becomes problematic. 

• These sputtering obstacles were pretty great, so we reverted to trying
our original, simpler plan of evaporative coating.  A trial of
evaporative coating using some electrically heated tungsten wire
deposited a copper coating that did not have good adhesion inside a test
chamber.  This route became a dead end. 

•  We needed to suspend the chamber vertically so that the center
electrode could be tensioned to a straight no-contact to the inside tube
wall configuration, without the need for stand-offs.  We also needed an
unused, sufficiently high bay area with an apparatus that could suspend
and lower the chamber through the sputtering magnet to get full exposure
of the chamber to the magnetic field.  The sputtering magnet also
required a stand to suspend it at least 60 inches above the floor. 
Fortunately, all these conditions are available.  Neal Wilson showed us
the South Access Building has the crane and height to facilitate the
chamber suspension and motions.  An aluminum stand in the physics bone
yard became an ideal magnet stand.  We made up screens to block the
plasma from the insides of the chamber's tube stubs and we added dummy
pieces to the end flanges to extend the plasma the entire tube length. 
With these improved facilities and configuration modifications, we
believe sputtering will be successful.

• At week's end the chamber has its cooling tubes soldered (without
flux) to its edges.  Tomorrow we will assemble all parts in anticipation
of a bake starting Monday morning. We hope to glow discharge clean
followed by sputtering on Tuesday.

**Optics:**

#### High Power Optics Risk Reduction

  This week we took new measurements on the loss (determined from
ringdown data) of the 900 nm mirror set as a function of wavelength. 
Analysis of the data shows general agreement with data taken in late
January, after the optics had been used for CW lasing, however, the more
recent measurements of the loss at either end of the tuning curve does
not show the dramatic rise previously measured.  There is some concern
that the response of the detector may have changed so as to \"clamp\"
the loss at the \~ 20% level, so another detector will be tried.

  A setup to remotely inject broadband light into the beamline is being
modeled and will be mocked up early next week for installation during
the down.  The idea is to make a baseline measurement of the OC
transmission once cool, but before lasing, then later, after we have run
CW on it for awhile.

#### Cavity/Optical Transport

#### This week we again concentrated on preparing for the shutdown activities. These include installation of a 3% output coupler (OC) cryo-cooled 1.6um cavity mirror, installation of three 1.6um high reflector (HR) cavity mirrors, installation of scattered light absorbing shields for both ends of the cavity as well as for the collimator mirror, and installation of the Optical Beam Position Monitor (OBPM) in Lab 6. We have had some problems with getting the two cryo-frames for the OC leak tight after brazing. After several braze attempts we had them both leak tight after a cool down (\~80K) cycle. Unfortunately one developed a non-repairable crack during the indium mandrel making process. The spare frame was gold sputtered yesterday and an attempted to braze in the optic will start today. This assembly should be ready early Monday morning. As a plan "B", (or possibly "C", depending on how one tallies these things) we will de-braze one of the two existing 1.6um cryo-mirrors. Knowing now that these frames can develop a helium leak after cryo-cycling we have leak checked the 20% OC (the one that made over 14kW). The result is that this frame does have a helium leak on the frame. It appears that the leak is on the molybdenum frame but not at a braze joint. We will de-mount this optic today in an attempt to repair the frame. The second 10% OC mirror assembly frame has not been previously cryo-cycled, this will be done today. The two spare 1.6um HR mirrors (the third is currently installed) have been rechecked and are ready for installation. The shields are out for their black absorbing plating. We anticipate them to arrive next Wednesday. The OBPM vacuum hardware is ready for installation. The CPU board and parts for the OBPM electronics were received. Population of this board is in progress. The software for control of the OBPM internals has been written and is being beta tested. OBPM status messages for EPICS are being developed. Our EPICS controls software engineer is working on the operator controls and interface through EPICS.

#### Optic's Student Activities 

Activities this week centered on the upcoming two week down. Parts began
coming together for the install of the cryomirrors and other systems
over this down. Cool down diode feedthroughs for the helium temperature
measurement has been leak checked this week. All four are leak tight,
two are spares. We received an order of optical hardware this week.
These were sorted out and stored in their appropriate place in Lab 2.
Things were also straitened out with the folks at SRS in regards to our
residual gas analyzers (RGA). They were able to fix one RGA filament
head and one electronic control unit (ECU). The other ECU was found to
be good but, unfortunately, the other filament head was toast and needed
to be replaced. A new one will be purchased and matched with the good
ECU.

#### Lasers and Diagnostics

 We participated in the measurement about the CSR effects on the
longitudinal phase of the electron bunches. We also provided significant
technical assistance to the measurement of the energy modulation effects
on the FEL phase noise. The optical setup for the upcoming EO sampling
experiment is being resumed and tested. We recertified the laser needed
for this work and finished the design of the hutch. The basic
arrangement to set the system into Lab3 has been discussed and decided.
All necessary parts are in the process of procurement. We did further
investigation on the Gun Test Stand (GTS) drive laser and held a
discussion on the laser and optical system for GTS with the GUN group.

**Terahertz:**

With the extension of operations into this week, it was possible to test
the new splitter/buffer amplifier provided by Rich Evans for the
delivering a better phase reference from the drive laser pickoff signal.
 The new splitter leaves the signal unaffected in the control room and
provides the THz lab with a more permanent phase reference signal.  With
the addition of a pulse generator, we now have a more reliable phase
reference to trigger from.  All this was tested during CW beam
operations this week.\
\
Also this week, we received the long awaited pyroelectric detectors from
Goodrich Corp.  A few are similar to our existing detectors, but we also
ordered several of a different design which should provide enough
bandwidth to see individual micropulses.  The new detectors are bare,
and have no circuitry, which will allow us to tailor the frequency
response of the detector.  After the upcoming down, we plan begin
testing these and developing the best circuitry and amplification to
use.