**1997 Coastal Vegetation Analysis**

Report to Greg Steyer

Louisiana Department of Natural Resources

Baton Rouge, LA

by

Jenneke M. Visser

and

Charles E. Sasser

Coastal Ecology Institute

Center for Coastal, Energy, and Environmental Resources

Louisiana State University

Baton Rouge, Louisiana

DRAFT REPORT

November 20, 1998

# ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The data used in this analysis were collected by Dr. Robert H. Chabreck
of the Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Louisiana State
University and Mr. R. Greg Linscombe of the Louisiana Department of
Wildlife and Fisheries. The data collection was funded by the US Army
Corps of Engineers. The data was entered in the computer by the National
Wetland Research Center, US Geological Survey.

# INTRODUCTION

The Louisiana coastal zone contains the largest salt marsh area and the
second largest fresh marsh area in the continental United States (Field
et al. 1991). This region represents 27% of the coastal marshes in the
continental United States (Louisiana 971,500 ha of fresh and salt marsh,
coastal marshes continental US 3,564,000 ha of fresh and salt marsh;
Field et al. 1991). However detailed descriptions of the diverse plant
communities that occur in this large expanse of wetlands have been few.
Penfound and Hathaway (1938) provided the first descriptions of the
community types found in coastal Louisiana. Their efforts were followed
by O'Neil (1949) who published the first map of vegetation types for
Louisiana as part of an inventory of muskrat habitat.

Chabreck and others collected vegetation data from over 5000 stations
along 39 transects that covered the whole Louisiana coastal zone in
1968. Chabreck (1970, 1972) used this data to delineate and map four
vegetation zones (fresh, intermediate, brackish, and saline) mainly on
the basis of Penfound and Hathaway's (1938) descriptions of the major
vegetation types of coastal Louisiana. A quantitative analysis of the
1968 data for the Barataria and Terrebonne estuaries identified nine
different vegetation types for the deltaic plain (Visser et al. 1998).

The objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze the vegetation
data collected by R. Chabreck and G. Linscombe in 1997 to determine
naturally occurring vegetation associations in the Louisiana coastal
zone.

# Methods

## Data Collection

The 1997 Louisiana coastwide survey of vegetation was funded by the US
Army Corps of Engineers. Sampling design consisted of north-south
transects spaced at approximately 3 km intervals (Figure A). Along these
transects stations were located at 0.8 km intervals (0. 5 mile) starting
from the Gulf of Mexico. Due to time and budget considerations, large
areas of salt marsh in Terrebonne, Timbalier, Barataria, and Black Bay
were excluded from the survey.

Vegetation was surveyed by Dr. Chabreck from a helicopter hovering above
the station. Each species occurring in an approximately 30 m (100 ft)
radius from the station was recorded and assigned an abundance value (3
= abundant, 2 = common, and 1 = rare). In addition, the station was
classified as: natural marsh, forested (shrubs or trees), de-watered
marsh, open water, beach, natural levee or ridge, spoil bank, or
developed. Plant species nomenclature follows Godfrey and Wooten (1981)
except for ferns which follows Correll and Correll (1975).

## Analyses

For the analyses in this study, only those stations classified as
natural marsh were used. Before the start of the analyses all submerged,
free-floating, and tree species were removed from the data set, so that
only emergent marsh vegetation was included in the analysis. Some
species that were difficult to identify correctly using helicopter
surveys, such as some grasses and sedges, were grouped by genus. After
this, species occurring in less than 5 stations (approximately 1% of the
stations) were removed to reduce the influence of these rare species in
the analyses, and reduce instability in the analysis (Tausch et al.
1995).

Separate data sets were compiled for Deltaic and Chenier Plain regions
using the 91°30' longitude meridian as the approximate dividing line.
These data sets were classified using two-way indicator-species analysis
(TWINSPAN) (Hill 1979). TWINSPAN was chosen over other classification
strategies, because this technique best reflects the intuitive
phytosociologic classification of vegetation types (Dale 1995).

# RESULTS

## Chenier Plain

### Vegetation types

TWINSPAN revealed 6 major vegetation types within the Chenier Plain
region. The first division splits the fresh marsh from marshes with some
salinity (Figure B). The fresh types represent 27% of the marsh stations
and are divided into two major types---the *Sagittaria lancifolia*
dominated bulltongue type and the *Panicum hemitomon* dominated
maidencane type. Within the marshes with some salinity the first
division separates the mesohaline mixture which is co-dominated by
*Spartina alterniflora* and *Distichlis spicata*. The remaining marsh
divides into an oligohaline mixture co-dominated by *Scirpus
californicus* and *Paspalum vaginatum* and two wiregrass marsh types
dominated by *Spartina patens*. The two wiregrass marshes are an
oligohaline type characterized by high species diversity and the
frequent presence of *Typha* spp and a mesohaline type which is
co-dominated by *Scirpus americanus*. A more detailed description of
each vegetation type follows below and complete species lists for each
vegetation type are provided in Appendix A.

### Fresh Bulltongue

This vegetation type is dominated by *Sagittaria lancifolia* with
*Ludwigia* spp and *Typha* spp frequently present. Other commonly
occurring species are *Cladium jamaisence*, *Sesbania drummondii*,
*Panicum hemitomon*, and *Sacciolepis striata*. Fresh Bulltongue has a
high species richness with 4.7 species per station and 46 species
observed (Table A).

### Fresh Maidencane

This vegetation type is dominated by *Panicum hemitomon*. Other
frequently occurring species are *Sagittaria lancifolia*, *Eleocharis*
spp, *Typha* spp, and *Cladium jamaicense.* Fresh maidencane has a
species richness of 4.5 species per station and a total of 44 species
observed.

### Oligohaline Mixture

This vegetation type can be further divided into two distinct variants.
The first variant is dominated by *Paspalum vaginatum* with *Spartina
patens* as a frequent co-dominant. Frequently occurring species are
*Sesbania drummondii* and *Echinochloa* spp. The second variant is
dominated or co-dominated by *Scirpus californicus* and *Echinochloa*
spp. *Cyperaceae, Spartina patens,* and *Typha* spp are common species
in the second variant. The overall oligohaline mixture has a species
richness of 4.5 species per station and 32 species observed. The
*Paspalum vaginatum* dominated variant is slightly more diverse with 4.7
species per station, while the *Scirpus californicus* variant had only
4.4 species per station.

### Oligohaline Wiregrass

This vegetation type is dominated by *Spartina patens*. Frequently
occurring species are *Typha* spp, *Phragmites australis*, *Vigna
luteola,* and *Sagittaria lancifolia*. Oligohaline wiregrass is the most
common vegetation type in the Chenier Plain and has a high species
richness with 4.7 species per station and 58 species observed.

### Mesohaline Wiregrass

This vegetation type is co-dominated by *Spartina patens* and *Scirpus
americanus*. The only other frequently occurring species is *Vigna
luteola*. Mesohaline wiregrass has a low species richness of 3.2 species
per station and 29 species observed.

### Mesohaline Mixture

This vegetation type is co-dominated by *Spartina alterniflora* and
*Distichlis spicata*. The only other frequently occurring species is
*Spartina patens*. Mesohaline mixture has a low species richness with
2.8 species per station and 14 species observed.

## Deltaic Plain

### Vegetation types

TWINSPAN revealed 11 major vegetation types within the Deltaic Plain
region. The first division splits the fresher marshes from marshes with
salinity (Figure C). Fresher marshes are divided into four fresh and two
oligohaline vegetation types. The fresh spikerush vegetation type which
is co-dominated by *Eleocharis* spp and *Hydrocotyle* spp represents 8%
of the stations in the Deltaic Plain and the *Panicum hemitomon*
dominated maidencane type 13%. Fresh deltaic (4%) is dominated by the
introduced species *Colocasia esculenta*. The remaining fresh to
oligohaline types are dominated or co-dominated by *Sagittaria
lancifolia*. The fresh bulltongue type (6%) is characterized by the
frequent presence of *Typha* spp, while the oligohaline bulltongue (5%)
is characterized by the presence of *Vigna luteola* and *Polygonum
punctatum*. The oligohaline mixture (6%) is co-dominated by *Eleocharis*
spp. Within the marshes with some salinity the first division splits of
the deltaic roseau cane (4%) dominated by *Phragmites australis*. The
remainder is divided into four saline marshes. Two groups are dominated
by *Spartina patens*. The oligohaline wiregrass type (16%) is
characterized by the frequent presence of *Vigna luteola* and a high
species diversity (4.7 species per station). The mesohaline wiregrass
type (26%) is the most common vegetation type in the deltaic plain and
has a much lower species diversity with 3.4 species per station than the
oligohaline wiregrass marsh. The last two vegetation types are dominated
by *Spartina alterniflora*. The mesohaline mixture is co-dominated by
*Distichlis spicata*, while the polyhaline oystergrass type is dominated
by *Spartina alterniflora*

### Fresh Spikerush

This vegetation type is co-dominated by *Eleocharis baldwinii* and
*Hydrocotyle* spp (mostly *H. ranunculoides* and *H. umbellata*) with
*Bidens laevis* as a frequent co-dominant. Other frequently occurring
species are *Typha* spp, *Aeschynomene indica*, and *Sagittaria
lancifolia*. Fresh spikerush has a high species richness with 4.9
species per station and a total of 31 species observed (Table A).

### Fresh Maidencane

This vegetation type is dominated by *Panicum hemitomon* with *Myrica
cerifera, Typha* spp, *Decodon verticillatus, Sagittaria lancifolia*,
*Sagittaria latifolia*, *Hydrocotyle* spp, and *Zizaniopsis miliacea*
frequently occurring. Fresh maidencane has a very high species richness
with 5.7 species per station and a total of 32 species observed.

### Fresh Deltaic Mixture

This vegetation type is dominated by *Colocasia esculenta*. Other
frequently occurring species are *Sagittaria latifolia, Alternanthera
philoxeroides*, and *Sagittaria platyphylla*. Deltaic mixture has a low
species richness with 3.3 species per station and a total of 27 species
observed.

### Fresh Bulltongue

This vegetation type is dominated by *Sagittaria lancifolia.* Other
frequently occurring species are *Typha* spp and *Ludwigia* spp. Fresh
Bulltongue has a species richness of 3.7 species per station and 37
species observed.

### Oligohaline Bulltongue

This vegetation type is dominated by *Sagittaria lancifolia.* Other
frequently occurring species are *Vigna luteola, Polygonum punctatum,
Ipomoea sagittata, Eleocharis* spp, *Spartina patens*, and *Myrica
cerifera*. Oligohaline Bulltongue has a high species richness of 5.1
species per station and 29 species observed.

### Oligohaline Spikerush

This vegetation type is co-dominated by *Eleocharis* spp and *Sagittaria
lancifolia*. Other frequently occurring species are *Typha* spp,
*Ludwigia* spp *Myrica cerifera*, and *Spartina patens*. Oligohaline
mixture has a high species richness with 4.8 species per station and 34
species observed.

### Oligohaline Wiregrass

This vegetation type is dominated by *Spartina patens* with *Vigna
luteola* as a frequent co-dominant. Frequently occurring species are
*Scirpus americanus* and *Ipomoea sagittata*. Oligohaline wiregrass has
a high species richness with 4.7 species per station and 40 species
observed.

### Mesohaline Wiregrass

This vegetation type is dominated by *Spartina patens*. Frequently
occurring species are *Scirpus americanus, Juncus roemerianus*,
*Spartina alterniflora*, and *Lythrum lineare*. Mesohaline wiregrass has
a species richness of 3.4 species per station and 31 species observed.

### Mesohaline Mixture

This vegetation type is co-dominated by *Distichlis spicata* and
*Spartina alterniflora.* The other frequently occurring species are
*Spartina patens* and *Juncus roemerianu*s. Mesohaline mixture has a
species richness of 3.2 species per station and 14 species observed.

### Polyhaline Oystergrass

This vegetation type is dominated by *Spartina alterniflora*. Other
frequently occurring species are: *Juncus roemerianus, Distichlis
spicata,* and *Spartina patens*. Polyhaline oystergrass has a low
species richness with 2.5 species per station and 23 species observed.

### Deltaic Roseau Cane

This vegetation type is dominated by *Phragmites australis.* Deltaic
Roseau Cane has a very low species richness with 1.6 species per station
and a total of 11 species observed.

# Discussion

## Comparison of Chenier Plain and Deltaic Plain Vegetation types

Overall, the same plant species are found across the Louisiana coast.
However differences in vegetation associations are evident. We address
some of the differences in species composition evident from the data
analysis below by comparing similar vegetation types between the Deltaic
and Chenier Plain regions.

### Fresh maidencane

Although this vegetation type is dominated by *Panicum hemitomon* in
both regions species richness is much higher in the deltaic plain.
*Typha* spp and *Sagittaria lancifolia* are common other species in both
regions, while *Cladium jamaicense, Ludwigia* spp, and *Scirpus
californicus* are much more frequently present in the Chenier Plain. In
the Deltaic Plain *Myrica cerifera*, *Decodon verticillatus*,
*Sagittaria latifolia*, *Hydrocotyle* spp, *Zizaniopsis miliacea* and
are common, while these species only occur infrequently in the Chenier
Plain maidencane marsh. These differences might be due to the fact that
95% of the maidencane marsh in the deltaic plain is floating (Evers et
al. 1996), while preliminary data from the White Lake Region of the
Chenier Plain show that maidencane marshes are attached in this region
(Charles Sasser unpublished data).

### Bulltongue marsh

The fresh bulltongue types in both regions are very similar in the
frequency of *Typha* spp and *Ludwigia* spp occurring with the dominant
*Sagittaria lancifolia*. However, the Chenier Plain fresh bulltongue has
a higher species richness mostly due to the presence of *Cladium
jamaicense*, *Sesbania drummondii*, or *Panicum hemitomon*. The
oligohaline bulltongue type in the Deltaic Plain region can be
distinguished from the fresh bulltongue by the presence of *Vigna
luteola*, and *Ipomoea sagittata* and a slightly higher species
richness.

### Oligohaline Wiregrass

The difference between the oligohaline wiregrass marshes in the two
regions are in the commonly occurring species rather than the dominants.
In the Chenier Plain *Typha* spp and *Phragmites australis* are commonly
found in this type, but these species are absent from the data
collection in the Deltaic Plain oligohaline wiregrass. The vines *Vigna
luteola* and *Ipomoea sagittata* are much more common in the Deltaic
plain than in the Chenier Plain oligohaline wiregrass marshes. However,
in general species composition and species richness are very similar for
this vegetation type in both regions.

### Mesohaline Wiregrass

This vegetation type is dominated by *Spartina patens* in both regions.
However, in the Chenier Plain *Scirpus americanus* is almost always
co-dominant, while in the Deltaic Plain this species is often present
but not dominant. *Juncus roemerianus, Spartina alterniflora*, and
*Lythrum lineare* are the species most frequently observed in this type
in the Deltaic Plain, while *Vigna luteola* is frequently observed in
the Chenier Plain.

### Polyhaline Oystergrass and Mesohaline Mixture

The mesohaline mixture vegetation type is very similar in both regions
with *Spartina alterniflora* and *Distichlis spicata* as co-dominants
and *Spartina patens* and *Juncus roemerianus* as common other species.
Polyhaline oystergrass is well represented in the Deltaic Plain and
represents more than the 9% of the region estimated in Table A. This is
an underestimate because large areas of this vegetation type were not
sampled due to time and budget constraints (see methods). In the Chenier
Plain saline marsh was very rare and dominated by *Distichlis spicata*
with *Spartina alterniflora* as a co-dominant with an average salinity
of 7.4 ppt (Chabreck 1972). The saline marsh habitat previously
described for this region is probably the same as our mesohaline
mixture. The polyhaline mangrove type identified in the Deltaic Plain
1968 (Visser et al. 1998) is absent from the present analysis, most
likely due to under sampling of the marshes fringing the large bays. Our
field observations indicate that this vegetation type still thrives in
marshes fringing the coast, although it occupies a relatively small
area.

# CONCLUSION

We identified a total of 12 vegetation types that occur under 5 salinity
regimes in the Louisiana coastal zone. Six of these types were found in
the Chenier Plain and eleven in the Deltaic Plain as listed below.

**Fresh**

Maidencane Both regions Species composition differs

Spikerush Deltaic Plain

Bulltongue Both regions Species composition differs

**Oligohaline**

Mixture Chenier Plain

Bulltongue Deltaic Plain

Spikerush Deltaic Plain

Wiregrass Both regions Species composition differs

**Mesohaline**

Wiregrass Both regions Species composition differs

Mixture Both regions Species composition similar

**Polyhaline**

Oystergrass Deltaic Plain

**Deltaic**

Mixture Deltaic Plain

Roseau Cane Deltaic Plain

It is difficult to develop a true coastwide comparison of the results
from this analysis with the results from the 1968 analysis, because the
polyhaline marshes in the Deltaic Plain were under-sampled. A better
comparison can be made upon completion of data collection (if that is
possible). However, the best method to determine change over time for
the whole coast are analyses of combined 1968 and 1997 data sets for
those transects that were repeatedly sampled within each region.

# REFERENCES

Chabreck, R. H. 1970. Marsh zones and vegetative types in the Louisiana
coastal marshes. Dissertation, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge,
Louisiana.

Chabreck, R. H. 1972. Vegetation, water, and soil characteristics of the
Louisiana coastal region. Louisiana State University Agricultural
Experiment Station Bulletin No. 664.

Dale, M. B. 1995. Evaluating classification strategies. Journal of
Vegetation Science 6:437--440.

Evers, D. E., G. O. Holm, and C. E. Sasser. 1996. Digitization of the
floating marsh maps in the Barataria and Terrebonne Basins, Louisiana.
Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuarine Program, Thibodaux, LA, USA.
BTNEP Publ. No. 28.

Field, D. W., A. J. Reyer, P. A. Genovese, and B. D. Shearer. 1991.
Coastal Wetlands of the United States: an accounting of a valuable
national resource. Special NOAA 20th Anniversary Report, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and US Fish and Wildlife Service,
Washington, District of Columbia.

Hill, M. O. 1979. Twinspan - a FORTRAN Program for arranging
multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the
individuals and attributes. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York.

O\'Neil, T. 1949. The muskrat in the Louisiana coastal marshes.
Louisiana Wildlife & Fisheries Commission, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

Penfound, W. T. and E. S. Hathaway. 1938. Plant communities in the
marshland of southeastern Louisiana. Ecological Monographs 8:1--56.

Tausch, R. J., D. A. Charlet, D. A. Weixelman, and D. C. Zamundio. 1995.
Patterns of ordination and classification instability resulting from
changes in input data order. Journal of Vegetation Science 6:897--902.

Visser, J. M., C. E. Sasser, R. H. Chabreck, and R. G. Linscombe. 1998.
Marsh vegetation types of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain, USA.
Estuaries 21:???

Table A. Distribution of stations over the different vegetation types
and diversity of species observed within each vegetation type.

+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Region**\               | Number  | Percent | Species | Total   |
| Vegetation Type           |         |         |         | number  |
|                           | of      | of      | per     | of      |
|                           |         |         |         | species |
|                           | s       | region  | station |         |
|                           | tations |         |         |         |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Chenier Plain**         |         |         |         |         |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Fresh Bulltongue        | 197     | 11%     | 4.7     | 46      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Fresh Maidencane        | 291     | 16%     | 4.5     | 44      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Oligohaline Mixture     | 117     | 7%      | 4.5     | 33      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Oligohaline Wiregrass   | 783     | 44%     | 4.7     | 58      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Mesohaline Wiregrass    | 248     | 14%     | 3.2     | 29      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Mesohaline Mixture      | 99      | 6%      | 2.8     | 14      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Total Chenier Plain     | 1735    |         |         | 67      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Deltaic Plain**         |         |         |         |         |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Fresh Spikerush         | 180     | 8%      | 4.9     | 31      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Fresh Maidencane        | 301     | 13%     | 5.7     | 32      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Deltaic Mixture         | 93      | 3%      | 3.3     | 27      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Fresh Bulltongue        | 146     | 6%      | 3.7     | 37      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Oligohaline Bulltongue  | 110     | 5%      | 5.1     | 29      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Oligohaline Spikerush   | 133     | 6%      | 4.8     | 34      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Oligohaline Wiregrass   | 383     | 16%     | 4.7     | 40      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Mesohaline Wiregrass    | 614     | 26%     | 3.4     | 31      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Mesohaline Mixture      | 83      | 4%      | 3.2     | 14      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Polyhaline Oystergrass  | 206     | 9%      | 2.5     | 23      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| > Deltaic Roseau Cane     | 98      | 4%      | 1.6     | 11      |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
|                           | 2347    |         |         |         |
+---------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

![](media/image1.emf){width="9.041666666666666in"
height="5.180555555555555in"}

Figure A. Map of Louisiana coast showing the distribution and extent of
the 1997 transects. Transects were equally spaced at an approximate
distance of 3 km with surveys performed every 0.8 km from the Gulf of
Mexico to the upland or swamp forest boundary.

![](media/image1.emf){width="8.402777777777779in"
height="4.152777777777778in"}

Figure B. Major division of vegetation types of the Chenier Plain as
derived with TWINSPAN.

![](media/image1.emf){width="8.98611111111111in"
height="5.1194444444444445in"}

Figure C. Major division of vegetation types of the Deltaic Plain as
derived with TWINSPAN.

# Appendix A

**Species Occurrence**

**and**

**Average Abundance when present**

**for each vegetation type**

**Chenier Plain**

Fresh Bulltongue

+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| Species                           | Percent        | Average        |
|                                   |                | Abundance when |
|                                   | Occurrence     | present        |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        | 90.9%          | 2.8            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    | 46.7%          | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       | 46.2%          | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Cladium jamaicense* Crantz       | 25.9%          | 2.2            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania drummondii* (Rydb.)     | 25.9%          | 1.0            |
| Cory.                             |                |                |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Panicum hemitomon* Schultes      | 24.4%          | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Sacciolepis striata* (L.) Nash   | 20.8%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus californicus* (C. Meyer) | 19.8%          | 1.5            |
| Steud                             |                |                |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Alternanthera philoxeroides*     | 18.8%          | 2.5            |
| (Mart.) Griseb.                   |                |                |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  | 13.2%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Nymphaea odorata* Ait.           | 11.7%          | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   | 10.7%          | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    | 10.2%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Zizaniopsis miliacea* (Michx.)   | 8.1%           | 1.9            |
| D. & A.                           |                |                |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Mikania scandens* (L.) Willd.    | 7.6%           | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Paspalum vaginatum* Sw.          | 6.1%           | 2.8            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     | 6.1%           | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    | 5.6%           | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott | 5.6%           | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Iris* spp                        | 5.6%           | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Cephalanthus occidentalis* L.    | 5.6%           | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Echinochloa* spp                 | 5.1%           | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      | 4.6%           | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Brasenia schreberi* Gmel.        | 4.6%           | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Ipomoea sagittata* Poir.         | 4.6%           | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     | 4.1%           | 1.4            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |                |                |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Cicuta mexicana* Coult. & Rose   | 3.0%           | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Limnobium spongia* (Bosc.)       | 3.0%           | 1.5            |
| Steud.                            |                |                |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Panicum* spp                     | 2.5%           | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Crinum americanum* L.            | 2.5%           | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Nelumbo lutea* (Wild.) Pers.     | 2.5%           | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        | 2.5%           | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Thelypteris thelypteroides*      | 2.5%           | 1.0            |
| Michx. J. Holub                   |                |                |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        | 2.0%           | 2.5            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Hibiscus lasiocarpus* Cav.       | 1.5%           | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Bidens laevis* (L.) B.S.P.       | 1.5%           | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Cyperaceae*                      | 1.5%           | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria latifolia* Willd.     | 1.0%           | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Kostelezkya virginica* (L.)      | 1.0%           | 1.0            |
| Presl.                            |                |                |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Pontederia cordata* L.           | 1.0%           | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania macrocarpa* Muhl.       | 1.0%           | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Spartina cynosuroides* (L.) Roth | 1.0%           | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Spenoclea zeylandica* Gaertn.    | 1.0%           | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Lythrum lineare* L.              | 0.5%           | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Myrica cerifera* L.              | 0.5%           | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| *Hydrocotyle* spp                 | 0.5%           | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+

**Chenier Plain**

Fresh Maidencane

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum hemitomon* Schultes      |   | 92.8%         | 2.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 63.2%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  |   | 38.5%         | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 34.0%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cladium jamaicense* Crantz       |   | 29.9%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    |   | 27.5%         | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus californicus* (C. Meyer) |   | 22.7%         | 1.0            |
| Steud                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Crinum americanum* L.            |   | 21.6%         | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 15.5%         | 1.0            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Zizaniopsis miliacea* (Michx.)   |   | 13.7%         | 1.2            |
| D. & A.                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cephalanthus occidentalis* L.    |   | 13.7%         | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania drummondii* (Rydb.)     |   | 9.3%          | 1.1            |
| Cory.                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bidens laevis* (L.) B.S.P.       |   | 8.2%          | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria latifolia* Willd.     |   | 6.5%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Brasenia schreberi* Gmel.        |   | 4.8%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hydrocotyle* spp                 |   | 4.5%          | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     |   | 4.5%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 4.5%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nymphaea odorata* Ait.           |   | 4.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sacciolepis striata* (L.) Nash   |   | 3.8%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Alternanthera philoxeroides*     |   | 3.4%          | 2.2            |
| (Mart.) Griseb.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 3.4%          | 2.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bacopa caroliniana* (Walt.)      |   | 3.4%          | 1.0            |
| Robins                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Decodon verticillatus* (L.)      |   | 3.1%          | 1.0            |
| Elliott                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aeschynomene indica* L.          |   | 2.4%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Paspalum vaginatum* Sw.          |   | 1.4%          | 2.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 1.0%          | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ipomoea sagittata* Poir.         |   | 1.0%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Andropogon virginicus* L.        |   | 1.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        |   | 1.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Echinochloa* spp                 |   | 1.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Erianthus giganteus* (Walt.)     |   | 1.0%          | 1.0            |
| Muhl.                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Myrica cerifera* L.              |   | 1.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Pontederia cordata* L.           |   | 1.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 0.7%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott |   | 0.7%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Limnobium spongia* (Bosc.)       |   | 0.7%          | 1.0            |
| Steud.                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 0.7%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina cynosuroides* (L.) Roth |   | 0.3%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cyperaceae*                      |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hibiscus lasiocarpus* Cav.       |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Kostelezkya virginica* (L.)      |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
| Presl.                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Mikania scandens* (L.) Willd.    |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Thelypteris thelypteroides*      |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
| Michx. J. Holub                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Chenier Plain**

Oligohaline Mixture, Paspalum variant

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Paspalum vaginatum* Sw.          |   | 95.0%         | 2.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 63.3%         | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania drummondii* (Rydb.)     |   | 40.0%         | 1.8            |
| Cory.                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Echinochloa* spp                 |   | 36.7%         | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Alternanthera philoxeroides*     |   | 35.0%         | 2.2            |
| (Mart.) Griseb.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus californicus* (C. Meyer) |   | 23.3%         | 1.1            |
| Steud                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 16.7%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cyperaceae*                      |   | 16.7%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sacciolepis striata* (L.) Nash   |   | 15.0%         | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Zizaniopsis miliacea* (Michx.)   |   | 13.3%         | 1.6            |
| D. & A.                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bidens laevis* (L.) B.S.P.       |   | 13.3%         | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 11.7%         | 2.0            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 11.7%         | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  |   | 10.0%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 10.0%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania macrocarpa* Muhl.       |   | 10.0%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 6.7%          | 2.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     |   | 6.7%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis parvula* (R.& S.)     |   | 5.0%          | 2.0            |
| Link                              |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nelumbo lutea* (Wild.) Pers.     |   | 5.0%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum* spp                     |   | 5.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aster* spp                       |   | 3.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Iva frutescens* L.               |   | 3.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 3.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Limnobium spongia* (Bosc.)       |   | 3.3%          | 1.0            |
| Steud.                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    |   | 3.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Pluchea* spp                     |   | 3.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hydrocotyle* spp                 |   | 1.7%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Chenier Plain**

Oligohaline Mixture, Bullwhip variant

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus californicus* (C. Meyer) |   | 77.2%         | 2.5            |
| Steud                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Echinochloa* spp                 |   | 73.7%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 50.9%         | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cyperaceae*                      |   | 50.9%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 43.9%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    |   | 26.3%         | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Pluchea* spp                     |   | 26.3%         | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 12.3%         | 2.7            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Setaria* spp                     |   | 12.3%         | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nymphaea odorata* Ait.           |   | 10.5%         | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum hemitomon* Schultes      |   | 10.5%         | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bidens laevis* (L.) B.S.P.       |   | 10.5%         | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania drummondii* (Rydb.)     |   | 7.0%          | 2.3            |
| Cory.                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leptochloa fascicularis* (Lam.)  |   | 7.0%          | 2.0            |
| Gray                              |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 5.3%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  |   | 3.5%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum* spp                     |   | 3.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Mikania scandens* (L.) Willd.    |   | 3.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Zizaniopsis miliacea* (Michx.)   |   | 1.8%          | 3.0            |
| D. & A.                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 1.8%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hydrocotyle* spp                 |   | 1.8%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Chenier Plain**

Oligohaline Wiregrass

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 96.6%         | 2.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 52.9%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 33.3%         | 1.5            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 29.1%         | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 26.1%         | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus californicus* (C. Meyer) |   | 23.0%         | 1.2            |
| Steud                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cyperaceae*                      |   | 20.8%         | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    |   | 18.9%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 17.1%         | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Echinochloa* spp                 |   | 16.7%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 15.5%         | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus robustus* Pursh.         |   | 11.1%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        |   | 9.2%          | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania drummondii* (Rydb.)     |   | 8.8%          | 1.2            |
| Cory.                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Paspalum vaginatum* Sw.          |   | 8.7%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Mikania scandens* (L.) Willd.    |   | 7.5%          | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Amaranthus australis* (Gray)     |   | 7.2%          | 1.1            |
| Sauer                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cladium jamaicense* Crantz       |   | 5.1%          | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  |   | 5.0%          | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina cynosuroides* (L.) Roth |   | 4.6%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Zizaniopsis miliacea* (Michx.)   |   | 4.2%          | 1.5            |
| D. & A.                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina alterniflora* Loisel.   |   | 4.1%          | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Distichlis spicata* (L.) Greene  |   | 3.7%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Pluchea* spp                     |   | 3.6%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sacciolepis striata* (L.) Nash   |   | 3.4%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Limnobium spongia* (Bosc.)       |   | 3.3%          | 1.0            |
| Steud.                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ipomoea sagittata* Poir.         |   | 3.2%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nymphaea odorata* Ait.           |   | 2.8%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Alternanthera philoxeroides*     |   | 2.4%          | 1.7            |
| (Mart.) Griseb.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bacopa monnieri* (L.) Pennell    |   | 2.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum* spp                     |   | 1.9%          | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 1.9%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Lythrum lineare* L.              |   | 1.9%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hydrocotyle* spp                 |   | 1.5%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bidens laevis* (L.) B.S.P.       |   | 1.1%          | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria latifolia* Willd.     |   | 1.0%          | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Kostelezkya virginica* (L.)      |   | 0.9%          | 1.1            |
| Presl.                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Iva frutescens* L.               |   | 0.8%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leptochloa fascicularis* (Lam.)  |   | 0.6%          | 1.6            |
| Gray                              |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum hemitomon* Schultes      |   | 0.6%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott |   | 0.5%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Andropogon virginicus* L.        |   | 0.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Pontederia cordata* L.           |   | 0.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina spartinae* (Trin.)      |   | 0.4%          | 2.3            |
| Hitchc.                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria platyphylla*          |   | 0.4%          | 2.0            |
| (Engelm.) J.G.Sm.                 |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aster* spp                       |   | 0.4%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Setaria* spp                     |   | 0.4%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     |   | 0.3%          | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Borrichia frutescens* (L.) DC.   |   | 0.3%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nelumbo lutea* (Wild.) Pers.     |   | 0.3%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Myrica cerifera* L.              |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania macrocarpa* Muhl.       |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spenoclea zeylandica* Gaertn.    |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aeschynomene indica* L.          |   | 0.1%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Batis maritima* L.               |   | 0.1%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cicuta mexicana* Coult. & Rose   |   | 0.1%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis parvula* (R.& S.)     |   | 0.1%          | 1.0            |
| Link                              |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Solidago* sp.                    |   | 0.1%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Chenier Plain**

Mesohaline Wiregrass

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 94.0%         | 2.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 92.3%         | 2.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 39.1%         | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 12.5%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 11.7%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum* spp                     |   | 10.5%         | 2.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Kostelezkya virginica* (L.)      |   | 10.5%         | 1.2            |
| Presl.                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina cynosuroides* (L.) Roth |   | 8.5%          | 2.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 5.6%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Lythrum lineare* L.              |   | 4.8%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Alternanthera philoxeroides*     |   | 3.6%          | 1.9            |
| (Mart.) Griseb.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 3.2%          | 1.3            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus robustus* Pursh.         |   | 3.2%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ipomoea sagittata* Poir.         |   | 3.2%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        |   | 2.8%          | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania drummondii* (Rydb.)     |   | 2.4%          | 1.0            |
| Cory.                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Paspalum vaginatum* Sw.          |   | 2.0%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Distichlis spicata* (L.) Greene  |   | 1.2%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    |   | 1.2%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis parvula* (R.& S.)     |   | 0.8%          | 2.5            |
| Link                              |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     |   | 0.8%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus californicus* (C. Meyer) |   | 0.8%          | 1.5            |
| Steud                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cladium jamaicense* Crantz       |   | 0.8%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina alterniflora* Loisel.   |   | 0.8%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott |   | 0.4%          | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 0.4%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cyperaceae*                      |   | 0.4%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Pluchea* spp                     |   | 0.4%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania macrocarpa* Muhl.       |   | 0.4%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Chenier Plain**

Mesohaline Mixture

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina alterniflora* Loisel.   |   | 79.8%         | 2.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Distichlis spicata* (L.) Greene  |   | 71.7%         | 2.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 62.6%         | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 28.3%         | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus robustus* Pursh.         |   | 12.1%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Batis maritima* L.               |   | 6.1%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Borrichia frutescens* (L.) DC.   |   | 6.1%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aster* spp                       |   | 5.1%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina cynosuroides* (L.) Roth |   | 5.1%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 2.0%          | 2.0            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Paspalum vaginatum* Sw.          |   | 2.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Iva frutescens* L.               |   | 1.0%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 1.0%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Lythrum lineare* L.              |   | 1.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Deltaic Plain**

Fresh Spikerush

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hydrocotyle* spp                 |   | 87.2%         | 2.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis baldwinii* (Torr.)    |   | 66.7%         | 2.6            |
| Chapm.                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bidens laevis* (L.) B.S.P.       |   | 65.6%         | 2.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 40.6%         | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aeschynomene indica* L.          |   | 30.0%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 26.7%         | 2.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  |   | 23.3%         | 2.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum hemitomon* Schultes      |   | 20.6%         | 2.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria latifolia* Willd.     |   | 20.0%         | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    |   | 17.2%         | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Decodon verticillatus* (L.)      |   | 13.9%         | 1.8            |
| Elliott                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Dichromena colorata* (L.) Hitch. |   | 13.3%         | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sacciolepis striata* (L.) Nash   |   | 12.2%         | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Myrica cerifera* L.              |   | 10.6%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Zizaniopsis miliacea* (Michx.)   |   | 7.8%          | 1.4            |
| D. & A.                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nelumbo lutea* (Wild.) Pers.     |   | 7.2%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 5.6%          | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cephalanthus occidentalis* L.    |   | 4.4%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott |   | 3.9%          | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nymphaea odorata* Ait.           |   | 3.9%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Iris* spp                        |   | 3.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 1.7%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eupatorium capillifolium* (Lam.) |   | 1.7%          | 1.0            |
| Small                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        |   | 1.1%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus californicus* (C. Meyer) |   | 1.1%          | 1.0            |
| Steud                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Heteranthera reniformis* R. & P. |   | 0.6%          | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Alternanthera philoxeroides*     |   | 0.6%          | 2.0            |
| (Mart.) Griseb.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Andropogon virginicus* L.        |   | 0.6%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     |   | 0.6%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Crinum americanum* L.            |   | 0.6%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 0.6%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Deltaic Plain**

Fresh Maidencane

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum hemitomon* Schultes      |   | 96.0%         | 2.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Myrica cerifera* L.              |   | 68.4%         | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 65.1%         | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Decodon verticillatus* (L.)      |   | 61.8%         | 1.5            |
| Elliott                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 59.8%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria latifolia* Willd.     |   | 33.6%         | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hydrocotyle* spp                 |   | 31.2%         | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Zizaniopsis miliacea* (Michx.)   |   | 31.2%         | 1.1            |
| D. & A.                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  |   | 21.9%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     |   | 19.3%         | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bidens laevis* (L.) B.S.P.       |   | 16.6%         | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis baldwinii* (Torr.)    |   | 15.0%         | 1.4            |
| Chapm.                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nymphaea odorata* Ait.           |   | 5.6%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eupatorium capillifolium* (Lam.) |   | 5.6%          | 1.0            |
| Small                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus californicus* (C. Meyer) |   | 5.3%          | 1.0            |
| Steud                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Thelypteris thelypteroides*      |   | 3.3%          | 1.1            |
| Michx. J. Holub                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Triadenum virginicum* (L.) Raf.  |   | 3.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott |   | 3.0%          | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    |   | 3.0%          | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aeschynomene indica* L.          |   | 3.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 2.7%          | 1.0            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Pontederia cordata* L.           |   | 2.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 2.0%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cephalanthus occidentalis* L.    |   | 2.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 2.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sacciolepis striata* (L.) Nash   |   | 2.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nelumbo lutea* (Wild.) Pers.     |   | 1.7%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cladium jamaicense* Crantz       |   | 1.3%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cyperaceae*                      |   | 0.7%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Solidago* sp.                    |   | 0.7%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Boehmeria cylindrica* (L.)       |   | 0.7%          | 1.0            |
| Swartz                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Deltaic Plain**

Fresh Deltaic

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott |   | 71.0%         | 2.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria latifolia* Willd.     |   | 39.8%         | 2.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Alternanthera philoxeroides*     |   | 31.2%         | 2.5            |
| (Mart.) Griseb.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria platyphylla*          |   | 31.2%         | 2.1            |
| (Engelm.) J.G.Sm.                 |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 21.5%         | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aeschynomene indica* L.          |   | 15.1%         | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 14.0%         | 2.2            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 14.0%         | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spenoclea zeylandica* Gaertn.    |   | 14.0%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 12.9%         | 2.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 9.7%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Zizaniopsis miliacea* (Michx.)   |   | 8.6%          | 1.6            |
| D. & A.                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 7.5%          | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Justicia ovata* (Walt.) Lindau   |   | 6.5%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Crinum americanum* L.            |   | 6.5%          | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bidens laevis* (L.) B.S.P.       |   | 5.4%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    |   | 4.3%          | 2.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Myrica cerifera* L.              |   | 4.3%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nelumbo lutea* (Wild.) Pers.     |   | 3.2%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Decodon verticillatus* (L.)      |   | 2.2%          | 2.0            |
| Elliott                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum hemitomon* Schultes      |   | 2.2%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus californicus* (C. Meyer) |   | 2.2%          | 2.0            |
| Steud                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     |   | 1.1%          | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Saururus cernuus* L.             |   | 1.1%          | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  |   | 1.1%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hydrocotyle* spp                 |   | 1.1%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania drummondii* (Rydb.)     |   | 1.1%          | 1.0            |
| Cory.                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Deltaic Plain**

Fresh Bulltongue

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 97.9%         | 2.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 48.6%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    |   | 25.3%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis baldwinii* (Torr.)    |   | 22.6%         | 1.9            |
| Chapm.                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     |   | 21.9%         | 2.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Myrica cerifera* L.              |   | 13.7%         | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Decodon verticillatus* (L.)      |   | 11.6%         | 1.0            |
| Elliott                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 11.0%         | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Lythrum lineare* L.              |   | 11.0%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott |   | 10.3%         | 2.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aeschynomene indica* L.          |   | 9.6%          | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus californicus* (C. Meyer) |   | 9.6%          | 1.3            |
| Steud                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum hemitomon* Schultes      |   | 7.5%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 7.5%          | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hydrocotyle* spp                 |   | 6.8%          | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bacopa monnieri* (L.) Pennell    |   | 6.8%          | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Alternanthera philoxeroides*     |   | 6.2%          | 1.8            |
| (Mart.) Griseb.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Thelypteris thelypteroides*      |   | 6.2%          | 1.7            |
| Michx. J. Holub                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 4.8%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  |   | 4.8%          | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 4.8%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bidens laevis* (L.) B.S.P.       |   | 4.1%          | 2.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nymphaea odorata* Ait.           |   | 2.7%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Zizaniopsis miliacea* (Michx.)   |   | 2.1%          | 1.3            |
| D. & A.                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 1.4%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Echinochloa* spp                 |   | 1.4%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Crinum americanum* L.            |   | 1.4%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ipomoea sagittata* Poir.         |   | 1.4%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sacciolepis striata* (L.) Nash   |   | 1.4%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Justicia ovata* (Walt.) Lindau   |   | 0.7%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leptochloa fascicularis* (Lam.)  |   | 0.7%          | 2.0            |
| Gray                              |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria latifolia* Willd.     |   | 0.7%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        |   | 0.7%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Boehmeria cylindrica* (L.)       |   | 0.7%          | 1.0            |
| Swartz                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hibiscus lasiocarpus* Cav.       |   | 0.7%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Paspalum vaginatum* Sw.          |   | 0.7%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania drummondii* (Rydb.)     |   | 0.7%          | 1.0            |
| Cory.                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Deltaic Plain**

Oligohaline Bulltongue

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 100.0%        | 2.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 62.7%         | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 50.9%         | 2.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ipomoea sagittata* Poir.         |   | 41.8%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  |   | 40.0%         | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 40.0%         | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Myrica cerifera* L.              |   | 30.0%         | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    |   | 21.8%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 20.9%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Echinochloa* spp                 |   | 16.4%         | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cyperaceae*                      |   | 15.5%         | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 10.9%         | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aeschynomene indica* L.          |   | 10.9%         | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        |   | 9.1%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     |   | 5.5%          | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Amaranthus australis* (Gray)     |   | 5.5%          | 1.3            |
| Sauer                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Alternanthera philoxeroides*     |   | 4.5%          | 1.2            |
| (Mart.) Griseb.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Lythrum lineare* L.              |   | 3.6%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hydrocotyle* spp                 |   | 2.7%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 2.7%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phyla nodiflora* (L.) Greene     |   | 2.7%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum hemitomon* Schultes      |   | 1.8%          | 2.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Paspalum vaginatum* Sw.          |   | 1.8%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Thelypteris thelypteroides*      |   | 1.8%          | 1.0            |
| Michx. J. Holub                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis parvula* (R.& S.)     |   | 0.9%          | 3.0            |
| Link                              |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum* spp                     |   | 0.9%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria platyphylla*          |   | 0.9%          | 2.0            |
| (Engelm.) J.G.Sm.                 |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 0.9%          | 1.0            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Pluchea camphorata* (L.) DC.     |   | 0.9%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Deltaic Plain**

Oligohaline Spikerush

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  |   | 82.0%         | 2.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 82.0%         | 2.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 63.9%         | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    |   | 27.8%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Myrica cerifera* L.              |   | 27.8%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 25.6%         | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hydrocotyle* spp                 |   | 24.8%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     |   | 22.6%         | 2.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Thelypteris thelypteroides*      |   | 12.8%         | 1.4            |
| Michx. J. Holub                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 10.5%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 8.3%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        |   | 8.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aeschynomene indica* L.          |   | 7.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum hemitomon* Schultes      |   | 6.8%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Zizaniopsis miliacea* (Michx.)   |   | 6.8%          | 1.0            |
| D. & A.                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 6.0%          | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis parvula* (R.& S.)     |   | 5.3%          | 3.0            |
| Link                              |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Lythrum lineare* L.              |   | 5.3%          | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria latifolia* Willd.     |   | 4.5%          | 2.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Paspalum vaginatum* Sw.          |   | 3.8%          | 2.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leptochloa fascicularis* (Lam.)  |   | 3.8%          | 2.0            |
| Gray                              |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Dichromena colorata* (L.) Hitch. |   | 3.8%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 3.8%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bidens laevis* (L.) B.S.P.       |   | 3.8%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cyperaceae*                      |   | 3.0%          | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Alternanthera philoxeroides*     |   | 3.0%          | 2.8            |
| (Mart.) Griseb.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott |   | 3.0%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bacopa monnieri* (L.) Pennell    |   | 3.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ipomoea sagittata* Poir.         |   | 3.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cladium jamaicense* Crantz       |   | 2.3%          | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nymphaea odorata* Ait.           |   | 2.3%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Boehmeria cylindrica* (L.)       |   | 1.5%          | 1.0            |
| Swartz                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Echinochloa* spp                 |   | 0.8%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 0.8%          | 2.0            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Deltaic Plain**

Oligohaline Wiregrass

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 98.7%         | 2.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 81.5%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 62.7%         | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ipomoea sagittata* Poir.         |   | 49.1%         | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 22.7%         | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cyperaceae*                      |   | 22.7%         | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 21.7%         | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        |   | 21.1%         | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 12.8%         | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bacopa monnieri* (L.) Pennell    |   | 9.4%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ludwigia* spp                    |   | 9.1%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Lythrum lineare* L.              |   | 7.8%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Echinochloa* spp                 |   | 6.3%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Pluchea camphorata* (L.) DC.     |   | 5.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  |   | 5.0%          | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Panicum* spp                     |   | 4.4%          | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 4.2%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Myrica cerifera* L.              |   | 3.4%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Kostelezkya virginica* (L.)      |   | 3.1%          | 1.3            |
| Presl.                            |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis parvula* (R.& S.)     |   | 2.6%          | 1.4            |
| Link                              |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Hydrocotyle* spp                 |   | 2.6%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aeschynomene indica* L.          |   | 1.6%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Amaranthus australis* (Gray)     |   | 1.6%          | 1.0            |
| Sauer                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus robustus* Pursh.         |   | 1.6%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus californicus* (C. Meyer) |   | 1.3%          | 1.0            |
| Steud                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Dichromena colorata* (L.) Hitch. |   | 1.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina alterniflora* Loisel.   |   | 0.8%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Thelypteris thelypteroides*      |   | 0.8%          | 1.0            |
| Michx. J. Holub                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria latifolia* Willd.     |   | 0.5%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Crinum americanum* L.            |   | 0.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Distichlis spicata* (L.) Greene  |   | 0.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott |   | 0.3%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leptochloa fascicularis* (Lam.)  |   | 0.3%          | 2.0            |
| Gray                              |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Nelumbo lutea* (Wild.) Pers.     |   | 0.3%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 0.3%          | 2.0            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bidens laevis* (L.) B.S.P.       |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania drummondii* (Rydb.)     |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
| Cory.                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Solidago* sp.                    |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina cynosuroides* (L.) Roth |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Deltaic Plain**

Mesohaline Wiregrass

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 99.8%         | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 57.5%         | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 42.0%         | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina alterniflora* Loisel.   |   | 34.2%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Lythrum lineare* L.              |   | 30.6%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Distichlis spicata* (L.) Greene  |   | 28.8%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        |   | 10.4%         | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus robustus* Pursh.         |   | 9.3%          | 1.2            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cyperaceae*                      |   | 5.0%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina cynosuroides* (L.) Roth |   | 3.9%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis parvula* (R.& S.)     |   | 2.9%          | 1.8            |
| Link                              |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Amaranthus australis* (Gray)     |   | 2.8%          | 1.0            |
| Sauer                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ipomoea sagittata* Poir.         |   | 2.8%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 2.4%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Pluchea* spp                     |   | 1.8%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 1.5%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Iva frutescens* L.               |   | 1.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 1.3%          | 1.0            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Eleocharis* spp                  |   | 1.1%          | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Bacopa monnieri* (L.) Pennell    |   | 1.0%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 0.8%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 0.7%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Echinochloa* spp                 |   | 0.5%          | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Leersia* spp                     |   | 0.3%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cladium jamaicense* Crantz       |   | 0.3%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Crinum americanum* L.            |   | 0.3%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aeschynomene indica* L.          |   | 0.2%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Decodon verticillatus* (L.)      |   | 0.2%          | 1.0            |
| Elliott                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria platyphylla*          |   | 0.2%          | 1.0            |
| (Engelm.) J.G.Sm.                 |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sesbania drummondii* (Rydb.)     |   | 0.2%          | 1.0            |
| Cory.                             |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Deltaic Plain**

Mesohaline Mixture

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Distichlis spicata* (L.) Greene  |   | 98.8%         | 2.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina alterniflora* Loisel.   |   | 97.6%         | 2.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 59.0%         | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 44.6%         | 1.6            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 4.8%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        |   | 3.6%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Batis maritima* L.               |   | 2.4%          | 2.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Iva frutescens* L.               |   | 2.4%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 2.4%          | 1.5            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Avicennia nitida* Jacq.          |   | 1.2%          | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Borrichia frutescens* (L.) DC.   |   | 1.2%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus robustus* Pursh.         |   | 1.2%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Solidago* sp.                    |   | 1.2%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 1.2%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Deltaic Plain**

Polyhaline Oystergrass

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina alterniflora* Loisel.   |   | 98.5%         | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Juncus roemerianus* Scheele      |   | 49.5%         | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Distichlis spicata* (L.) Greene  |   | 31.6%         | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 25.7%         | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 10.2%         | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 7.3%          | 1.1            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 5.3%          | 1.5            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott |   | 4.4%          | 1.9            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria platyphylla*          |   | 3.9%          | 1.5            |
| (Engelm.) J.G.Sm.                 |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Polygonum* spp                   |   | 3.4%          | 1.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Avicennia nitida* Jacq.          |   | 2.4%          | 1.8            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Batis maritima* L.               |   | 2.4%          | 1.4            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        |   | 2.4%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Cyperaceae*                      |   | 2.4%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 1.0%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Aster* spp                       |   | 1.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Lythrum lineare* L.              |   | 0.5%          | 3.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Echinochloa* spp                 |   | 0.5%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Myrica cerifera* L.              |   | 0.5%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Ipomoea sagittata* Poir.         |   | 0.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus robustus* Pursh.         |   | 0.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 0.5%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Zizaniopsis miliacea* (Michx.)   |   | 0.5%          | 1.0            |
| D. & A.                           |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+

**Deltaic Plain**

Deltaic Roseau Cane

+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| Species                           | P |               | Average        |
|                                   | e |               | Abundance when |
|                                   | r |               | present        |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | t |               |                |
|                                   |   |               |                |
|                                   | O |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | u |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | r |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
|                                   | n |               |                |
|                                   | c |               |                |
|                                   | e |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Phragmites australis* (Cav.)     |   | 100.0%        | 3.0            |
| Trin. ex Steud.                   |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott |   | 20.4%         | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria platyphylla*          |   | 11.2%         | 1.4            |
| (Engelm.) J.G.Sm.                 |   |               |                |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina alterniflora* Loisel.   |   | 7.1%          | 2.3            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Scirpus americanus* Pers.        |   | 6.1%          | 1.7            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Vigna luteola* (Jacq.) Benth.    |   | 6.1%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Typha* spp                       |   | 4.1%          | 1.5            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Sagittaria lancifolia* L.        |   | 3.1%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Baccharis halimifolia* L.        |   | 2.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina cynosuroides* (L.) Roth |   | 2.0%          | 1.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+
| *Spartina patens* (Ait.) Muhl.    |   | 1.0%          | 2.0            |
+-----------------------------------+---+---------------+----------------+