July 22, 1994

Conract #TW0592

SPECIAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION 05500-S

METAL FABRICATIONS

Page

[PART 1 - GENERAL]{.underline}

1.01 Description of Work 3

1.02 References 3

1.03 Definitions 6

1.04 Submittals 6

1.05 Quality Assurance 7

1.06 Delivery, Storage, and Handling 7

1.07 Project Conditions 7

1.08 Sequencing and Scheduling 8

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 Ferrous Metals 8

2.02 Stainless Steel 9

2.03 Aluminum 9

2.04 Grout 9

2.05 Fasteners 10

2.06 Paint 10

2.07 Concrete Fill 10

2.08 Fabrication, General 11

2.09 Rough Hardware 12

2.10 Steel Ladders 12

2.11 Ladder Safety Cages 13

2.12 Loose Bearing and Leveling Plates 13

2.13 Loose Steel Lintels 13

2.14 Miscellaneous Metal Items 13

2.15 Shelf and Ledger Angles 14

2.16 Metal Bar Gratings 14

2.17 Floor Plate 15

2.18 Tread Plate 16

2.19 Steel Pipe Guardrails and Handrails 16

2.20 Wall Mounted Handrail Bracket 17

2.21 Steel Framed Stairs 18

2.22 Pipe Bollards 19

2.23 Finishes 19

2.24 Steel and Iron Finishes 19

2.25 Aluminum Finish 20

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 Examination 20

3.02 Preparation 20

3.03 Installation, General 21

3.04 Setting Loose Plates 22

3.05 Installation of Metal Bar Gratings 22

3.06 Installation of Steel Pipe Guardrails and Handrails 22

3.07 Installation of Cast Nosings and Treads 23

3.08 Installation of Pipe Bollards 23

3.09 Adjusting and Cleaning 23

SPECIAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION 05500-S

METAL FABRICATIONS

# PART 1 - GENERAL

## 1.01 [DESCRIPTION OF WORK]{.underline}

A. [This section]{.underline} includes the following metal fabrications:

Rough hardware

Ladders

Ladder safety cages

Loose bearing and leveling plates

Loose steel lintels

Miscellaneous framing, supports and trim

Shelf and ledger angles

Metal bar gratings

Floor plates

Tread plates

Steel pipe guardrails and handrails

Cast nosings and treads

Metal stairs

Pipe bollards

Decorative Exterior Steel Channel

Wall-mounted Handrail Brackets

B. [Related Sections]{.underline}:

1\. Refer to Division 5, Section \"Structural Steel\" for structural
steel framing components.

2\. Section 05565 - Cabled Handrail, for steel cable attached to pipe
rails.

> 3\. Section 09900 - Painting, exterior paint schedule.

## 1.02 [REFERENCES]{.underline}

A. [American National Standards Institute (ANSI )]{.underline}

A14.3 Safety Requirements for Fixed Ladders

B. [American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)]{.underline}

A27 Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application

A36 Specification for Structural Steel

A47 Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings

A48 Specification for Gray Iron Castings

> A53 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated
> Welded and Seamless
>
> A123 Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and
> Steel Products
>
> A153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel
> Hardware

A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Bars and
Shapes

A276 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Bars and
Shapes

> A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 PSI
> Tensile Strength

A366 Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Cold-Rolled, Commercial
Quality

> A446 Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) by the
> Hot-Dip Process, Structural (Physical) Quality
>
> A500 Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel
> Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes
>
> A510 Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse
> Round Wire, Carbon Steel
>
> A526 Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) by the
> Hot-Dip Process, Commercial Quality
>
> A569 Specification for Steel, Carbon (0.15 Maximum, Percent),
> Hot-Rolled Sheet and Strip, Commercial Quality
>
> A570 Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Carbon, Hot-Rolled,
> Structural Quality
>
> A780 Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip
> Galvanized Coatings

C1107 Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout (Nonshrink)

E985 Specification for Permanent Metal Railing Systems and Rails for
Building

C. [American Welding Society (AWS)]{.underline}

D1.1 Structural Welding Code - Steel

D1.3 Structural Welding Code - Sheet Steel

D. [Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)]{.underline}

Title 29 Part 1910 Labor-Occupational Safety and Health Standards

E. [Corps of Engineers (CE)]{.underline}

CRD C621 Specification for Nonshrink Grout

F. [Federal Specifications (FS)]{.underline}

FF-B-561 Bolts, Screw, Lag

FF-B-588 Bolt, Toggle, and Expansion Sleeve, Screw

FF-S-92 Screw, Machine, Slotted, Cross-Recessed or Hexagon Head

FF-S-111 Screw, Wood

FF-S-325 Shield, Expansion; Nail, Expansion; and Nail, Drive Screw
(Devices, Anchoring, Masonry)

FF-W-84 Washers, Lock (Spring)

FF-W-92 Washer, Flat (Plain)

TT-P-664 Primer Coating, Alkyd, Corrosion-Inhibiting, Lead and Chromate
Free, VOC-Compliant

TT-P-645 Primer, Paint, Zinc Chromate, Alkyd Type

G. [Military Standardization Documents (MIL)]{.underline}

P-21035 Paint, High Zinc Dust Content, Galvanizing Repair

H. [National Association of Architectural Metal Manufacturers
(NAAMM)]{.underline}

AMP 500 Metal Finishes Manual

AMP 510 Metal Stair Manual

MBG 531 Metal Bar Grating Manual

MBG 532 Heavy Duty Metal Bar Grating Manual

Pipe Railing Manual

I. [National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)]{.underline}

101 Life Safety Code

J. [Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC)]{.underline}

SSPC-PA 1 Paint Application Specification No. 1

> SSPC Paint 12 Paint Specification No. 12 Cold Applied Asphalt Mastic
> (Extra Thick Film)
>
> SSPC Paint 20 Paint Specification No. 20 Zinc-Rich Primers (Type I,
> \"Inorganic,\" and Type II, \"Organic\")
>
> SSPC-SP1 Surface Preparation Specification No. 1 \"Solvent Cleaning\"
>
> SSPC-SP2 Surface Preparation Specification No. 2 \"Hand-Tool
> Cleaning\"

SSPC-SP3 Surface Preparation Specification No. 3 \"Power Tool Cleaning\"

> SSPC-SP7 Surface Preparation Specification No. 7 \"Brush-Off Blast
> Cleaning\"

K. [Uniform Building Code (UBC)]{.underline}

L. [Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS)]{.underline}

Fed. Std. 795

## 1.03 [DEFINITIONS]{.underline}

A. [Refer to ASTM E985]{.underline} for railing-related terms that apply
to this section.

B. [Refer to the NAAMM publications]{.underline} listed in Article 1.02
\"References\" for definition of terms that apply to this section.

## 1.04 [SUBMITTALS]{.underline}

[General]{.underline}: Submit the following in accordance with
Conditions of Contract and Division 1, Section \"Descriptive
Submittals\".

A. [Product Data]{.underline}: Submit product data for products used in
metal fabrications, including paint products, grout and fasteners.

B. [Shop Drawings]{.underline}: Submit detailed shop and erection
drawings of each metal fabrication indicated. Include plans, elevations,
sections, and details of metal fabrications and their connections. Show
anchorage and accessory items.

C. [Welder certificates]{.underline} signed by Contractor certifying
that welders comply with requirements specified in 1.05C.

D. [Qualification data]{.underline} for firm specified in 1.05B to
demonstrate their capabilities and experience.

## 1.05 [QUALITY ASSURANCE]{.underline}

A. [Codes and Standards]{.underline}: Comply with provisions of the
following, except as otherwise indicated. Where conflicts occur, comply
with the more stringent requirements.

1\. ANSI 14.3

2\. AWS D1.1 and D1.3

3\. NFPA 101

B. [Fabricator Qualifications]{.underline}: Firm experienced in
successfully producing metal fabrications similar to that shown on the
drawings, with sufficient production capacity to produce required units
without causing delay in the work.

C. [Qualify welding processes and welding operators]{.underline} in
accordance with AWS D1.1 and D1.3.

Certify that each welder has satisfactorily passed AWS qualification
tests for welding processes involved and, if pertinent, has undergone
recertification.

D. [All materials used]{.underline} shall be free of lead, and asbestos
fibers.

E. [Use of damaged items]{.underline} is prohibited except by specific
authorization of Sandia Delegated Representative (SDR) in writing.

## 1.06 [DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING]{.underline}

A. [Deliver materials to the job site]{.underline} in good condition and
properly protected against damage to finished surfaces.

B. [Storage on Site]{.underline}: Store materials in a location and in a
manner to avoid damage. Stacking shall be done in a way which will
prevent bending.

Store metal components and materials in a clean, dry location. Cover
with waterproof paper, tarpaulin or polyethylene sheeting in a manner
that will permit circulation of air inside the cover.

C. [Keep handling on-site to a minimum]{.underline}. Exercise care to
avoid damage to finishes of material.

## 1.07 [PROJECT CONDITIONS]{.underline}

[Field Measurements]{.underline}: Check actual locations of walls and
other construction to which metal fabrications must fit, by accurate
field measurements before fabrication; show recorded measurements on
final shop drawings. Coordinate fabrication schedule with construction
progress to avoid delay of work.

Where field measurements cannot be made without delaying the work,
guarantee dimensions and proceed with fabrication of products without
field measurements. Coordinate construction to ensure that actual
opening dimensions correspond to guaranteed dimensions. Allow for
trimming and fitting.

## 1.08 [SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING]{.underline}

[Sequence and coordinate installation]{.underline} of wall handrails as
follows:

A. [Mount handrails only on completed walls]{.underline}. Do not support
handrails temporarily by any means not satisfying structural performance
requirements.

B. [Mount handrails only on gypsum board assemblies]{.underline}
reinforced with proper blocking and backing to receive anchors, and
where the location of concealed anchor plates has been clearly marked
for benefit of Installer.

# PART 2 - PRODUCTS

## 2.01 [FERROUS METALS]{.underline}

A. [Metal Surfaces, General]{.underline}: Form metal fabrications
exposed to view upon completion of the work, provide materials selected
for their surface flatness, smoothness, and freedom from surface
blemishes. Do not use materials whose exposed surfaces exhibit pitting,
seam marks, roller marks, rolled trade names, roughness, and, for steel
sheet, variations in flatness exceeding those permitted by referenced
standards for stretcher-leveled sheet.

B. [Steel Plates, Shapes, and Bar]{.underline}s: ASTM A36.

C. [Rolled Steel Floor Plates]{.underline}: ASTM A786.

D. [Steel Bars for Gratings]{.underline}: ASTM A569 or ASTM A36.

E. [Wire Rod for Grating Cross Bars]{.underline}: ASTM A510.

F. [Steel Tubing]{.underline}: Cold-formed, ASTM A500, Grade B, unless
otherwise indicated.

G. [Uncoated Structural Steel Sheet]{.underline}: Hot-rolled, ASTM A570,
Grade 30 unless otherwise indicated.

H. [Uncoated Steel Sheet (Commercial quality)]{.underline}: Cold-rolled,
ASTM A366.

I. [Galvanized Steel Sheet]{.underline}: Quality as follows:

1\. [Structural Quality]{.underline}: ASTM A446; Grade A, unless another
grade required for design loading, and G90 coating designation unless
otherwise indicated.

2\. [Commercial Quality]{.underline}: ASTM A526, G90 coating designation
unless otherwise indicated.

J. [Steel Pipe]{.underline}: ASTM A53, Type S, Grade B, standard weight
(schedule 40), black finish, unless otherwise indicated.

K. [Gray Iron Castings]{.underline}: ASTM A48, Class 30.

L. [Malleable Iron Castings]{.underline}: ASTM A47, Grade 32510.

M. [Brackets, Flanges and Anchors]{.underline}: Cast or formed metal of
the same type material and finish as supported rails, unless otherwise
indicated.

N. [Concrete Inserts]{.underline}: Threaded or wedge type; galvanized
ferrous castings, either malleable iron, ASTM A47, or cast steel, ASTM
A27. Provide bolts, washers, and shims as required, hot-dip galvanized
per ASTM A153.

O. [Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes]{.underline}: Select in accordance
with AWS specifications for the metal alloy to be welded.

## 2.02 [STAINLESS STEEL]{.underline}

A. [Bar Stock]{.underline}: ASTM A276, Type 302 or 304.

B. [Plate]{.underline}: ASTM A167, Type 302 or 304.

## 

## .

## 2.04 [GROUT]{.underline}

[Nonshrink Nonmetallic Grout]{.underline}: Premixed, factory-packaged,
nonstaining, noncorrosive, nongaseous grout complying with ASTM C1107
(formerly referenced as CE CRD C621). Provide grout specifically
recommended by manufacturer for interior and exterior applications of
type specified in this section.

Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be
incorporated in the work include, but are not limited to the following:

Euco N-S Grout - Euclid Chemical Co.

Kemset - Chem-Masters Corp.

Crystex - L & M Construction Chemicals, Inc.

Sonogrout - Sonneborn Building Products Div., Rexnord Chemical Products,
Inc.

Supreme Grout - Cormix, Inc.

Sure-Grip High Performance Grout - Dayton Superior

Vibropruf #11 - Lambert Corp.

## 2.05 [FASTENERS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Provide zinc-coated fasteners for exterior use
or where built into exterior walls. Select fasteners for the type,
grade, and class required. Suspect/counterfeit bolts will not be
accepted and will be replaced at Contractor\'s expense.

B. [Bolts and Nuts]{.underline}: Regular hexagon head type, ASTM A307,
Grade A.

C. [Lag Bolts]{.underline}: Square head type, FS FF-B-561.

D. [Machine Screws]{.underline}: FS FF-S-92.

E. [Wood Screws]{.underline}: Flat head carbon steel, FS FF-S-111.

F. [Plain Washers]{.underline}: Round, carbon steel, FS FF-W-92.

G. [Expansion Anchors]{.underline}: Expansion anchors complying with FS
FF-S-325.

H. [Toggle Bolts]{.underline}: Tumble-wing type, FS FF-B-588, type,
class, and style as required.

I. [Lock Washers]{.underline}: Helical spring type carbon steel, FS
FF-W-84.

J. [Special Fasteners]{.underline}: Split nuts, indicator washers and
others, as indicated.

## 2.06 [PAINT]{.underline}

A. [Shop Primer for Ferrous Metal]{.underline}: Red oxide, lead- and
cadmium-free, corrosion-inhibiting primer complying with performance
requirements of FS TT-P-664.

B. [Galvanizing Repair Paint]{.underline}: High zinc dust content paint
for regalvanizing welds in galvanized steel, with dry film containing
not less than 94% zinc dust by weight, and complying with MIL-P-21035 or
SSPC-Paint-20.

C. [Bituminous Paint]{.underline}: Cold-applied asphalt mastic complying
with SSPC-Paint-12 except containing no asbestos fibers.

D. [Zinc Chromate Primer]{.underline}: FS TT-P-645.

## 2.07 [CONCRETE FILL]{.underline}

A. [Concrete Materials and Properties]{.underline}: Comply with
requirements for Division 3, Section \"Cast-in-Place Concrete\" for
normal weight, ready-mix concrete with minimum 28-day compressive
strength of 3000 psi (21 MPa), unless higher strength indicated.

B. [Nonslip Aggregate Finish]{.underline}: Factory-graded, packaged
material containing fused aluminum oxide grits or crushed emery as
abrasive aggregate; rust-proof and nonglazing; unaffected by freezing,
moisture, or cleaning materials.

## 2.08 [fABRICATION, GENERAL]{.underline}

A. [Form metal fabrications]{.underline} from materials of size,
thickness, and shapes indicated but not less than that needed to comply
with performance requirements indicated. Work to dimensions indicated or
accepted on shop drawings, using proven details of fabrication and
support. Use type of materials indicated or specified for various
components of each metal fabrication.

B. [Form exposed work]{.underline} true to line and level with accurate
angles and surfaces and straight sharp edges.

C. [Allow for thermal movement]{.underline} resulting from the following
maximum change (range) in ambient temperature in the design,
fabrication, and installation of installed metal assemblies to prevent
buckling, opening up of joints, and overstressing of welds and
fasteners. Base design calculations on actual surface temperatures of
metals due to both solar heat gain and nighttime sky heat loss.

[Temperature change (Range)]{.underline}: 100 deg F (38 deg C).

D. [Shear and punch metals]{.underline} cleanly and accurately. Remove
burrs.

E. [Ease exposed edges]{.underline} to a radius of approximately 1/32
inch ( 0.794 mm), unless otherwise indicated. Form bent-metal corners to
smallest radius possible without causing grain separation or otherwise
impairing work.

F. [Remove sharp or rough areas]{.underline} on exposed traffic
surfaces.

G. [Weld corners and seams]{.underline} continuously to comply with AWS
recommendations and the following:

1\. Use materials and methods that minimize distortion and develop
strength and corrosion resistance of base metals.

2\. Obtain fusion without undercut or overlap.

3\. Remove welding flux immediately.

4\. At exposed connections, finish exposed welds and surfaces smooth and
blended so that no roughness shows after finishing and contour of welded
surface matched those adjacent.

H. [Form exposed connections]{.underline} with hairline joints, flush
and smooth, using concealed fasteners wherever possible. Use exposed
fasteners of type indicated or, if not indicated, Phillips flat-head
(countersunk) screws or bolts. Locate joints where least conspicuous.

I. [Provide for anchorage]{.underline} of type indicated; coordinate
with supporting structure. Fabricate and space anchoring devices to
provide adequate support for intended use.

J. [Shop Assembly]{.underline}: Preassemble items in shop to greatest
extent possible to minimize field splicing and assembly. Disassemble
units only as necessary for shipping and handling limitations. Use
connections that maintain structural value of joined pieces. Clearly
mark units for reassembly and coordinated installation.

K. [Cut, reinforce, drill and tap]{.underline} miscellaneous metal work
as indicated to receive finish hardware, screws, and similar items.

L. [Fabricate joints]{.underline} that will be exposed to weather in a
manner to exclude water, or provide weep holes where water may
accumulate.

## 2.09 [ROUGH HARDWARE]{.underline}

[Furnish bent or otherwise custom fabricated]{.underline} bolts, plates,
anchors, hangers, dowels, and other miscellaneous steel and iron shapes
as required. Fabricate items to sizes, shapes, and dimensions required.

## 2.10 [STEEL LADDERS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Fabricate ladders for the locations shown,
with dimensions, spacings, details and anchorages as indicated. Comply
with requirements of ANSI A14.3 and CFR 29 1910.27; where conflicts
occur, comply with the more stringent requirements.

B. [Side Rails]{.underline}: Continuous steel flat bars, minimum size
(cross section) 2-1/2\" x 3/8\" (63.5 mm x 9.5 mm), with eased edges,
spaced 18 inches (0.46 m) apart.

For ladders subject to unusually corrosive atmospheric exposures, steel
flat bars 2-1/2\" x 1/2\" (63.5 mm x 12.7 mm).

C. [Bar Rungs]{.underline}: Round steel bars, minimum 3/4 inch (19.1 mm)
diameter, spaced no greater than 12 inches (305 mm) o.c. and uniform
throughout the length of the ladder.

Individual metal rungs embedded in concrete which serve as access to
pits and other areas under floors, should have a minimum diameter of 1
inch (25 mm) or shall otherwise be treated to resist corrosion and
rusting.

D. [Fit rungs]{.underline} in centerline of side rails, plug weld and
grind smooth on outer rail faces.

E. [Support each ladder]{.underline} at top and bottom and at
intermediate points spaced not more than 5\'-0\" (1.5 m) o.c. by means
of welded brackets, unless otherwise indicated.

1\. Size brackets to support design dead and live loads indicated and to
hold centerline of ladder rungs clear of the wall surface by not less
than 7 inches (178 mm).

2\. Extend side rails 42 inches (1.1 m) above top rung, and return rails
to wall or structure unless other secure handholds are provided. If the
adjacent structure does not extend above the top rung, goose-neck the
extended rails back to the structure to provide secure ladder access.

## 2.11 [LADDER SAFETY CAGES]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Fabricate ladder safety cages to comply with
requirements of ANSI A14.3 and CFR 29 1910.27; where conflicts occur,
comply with the more stringent requirements. Assemble safety cages by
welding.

B. [Primary Hoops]{.underline}: Steel bars, 3\" x 1/4\" (76 mm x 6.4
mm), for top, bottom, and for cages longer than 20 feet (6.1 m),
intermediate hoops spaced not more than 20\'-0\" (6.1 m) o.c.

C. [Secondary Intermediate Hoops]{.underline}: Steel bars, 2\" x 1/4\"
(51 mm x 6.4 mm) hoops spaced not more than 4\'-0\" (1.2 m) o.c. between
primary hoops.

D. [Vertical Bars]{.underline}: Steel bars, 1-1/2\" x 1/4\" (38.1 mm x
6.4 m), secured to each hoop, spaced at intervals not more than 40o (0.7
rad) o.c. around the circumference of the cage, maximum spacing of
approximately 9-1/2 inches (241 mm) o.c.

E. [Fasten assembled safety cage]{.underline} to ladder rails and
adjacent construction as indicated.

## 2.12 [LOOSE BEARING AND LEVELING PLATES]{.underline}

[Provide loose bearing and leveling plates]{.underline} for steel items
bearing on masonry or concrete construction, made flat, free from warps
or twists, and of required thickness and bearing area. Drill plates to
receive anchor bolts and for grouting as required.

## 

## 

## 2.14 [MISCELLANEOUS METAL ITEMS]{.underline}

A. [Miscellaneous Framing and Supports:]{.underline} Provide steel
framing and supports for applications indicated which are not a part of
structural steel framework, as required to complete work.

1\. Fabricate units to sizes, shapes, and profiles indicated and
required to receive adjacent other construction retained by framing and
supports. Fabricate from structural steel shapes, plates, and steel bars
of welded construction using mitered joints for field connection. Cut,
drill, and tap units to receive hardware, hangers, and similar items.

2\. Equip units with integrally welded anchors for casting into concrete
or building into masonry. Furnish inserts if units must be installed
after concrete is placed.

Except as otherwise indicated, space anchors 24 inches (61 cm) o.c. and
provide minimum anchor units in the form of steel straps 1-1/4\" wide x
1/4\" x 8\" long (31.8 mm x 6.4 mm x 203 mm).

B. [Miscellaneous Steel Trim]{.underline}: Provide shapes and sizes
indicated for profiles shown. Unless otherwise indicated, fabricate
units from structural steel shapes, plates, and steel bars, with
continuously welded joints and smooth exposed edges. Use concealed field
splices wherever possible. Provide cutouts, fittings, and anchorages as
required for coordination for assembly and installation with other work.

## 

## .

## 2.16 [METAL BAR GRATINGS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Produce metal bar gratings of description
indicated per NAAMM marking system that comply with the following:

1\. [Metal Bar Grating Standard]{.underline}: \"Standard Specifications
for Metal Bar Grating and Metal Bar Grating Treads\" published in
ANSI/NAAMM MBG 531.

2\. [Heavy Duty Metal Bar Grating Standard]{.underline}: \"Guide
Specifications for Heavy Duty Metal Bar Grating\" published in
ANSI/NAAMM MBG 532.

B. [If gratings are located in walking surfaces]{.underline}, gratings
shall have spaces no greater than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) wide in one
direction.

If gratings have elongated openings, then they shall be placed so that
the long dimension is perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel.

C. [Fabricate steel gratings]{.underline} to comply with requirements as
indicated on the drawings.

D. [Steel Finish]{.underline}: Shop prime paint applied in accordance
with manufacturer\'s standard practice.

E. [Fabricate removable grating sections]{.underline} with banding bars
attached by welding to entire perimeter of each section. Include anchors
and fasteners of type indicated, or if not indicated, as recommended by
manufacturer, for attachment to supports.

1\. [Heavy Duty Grating]{.underline}: Provide not less than 4 anchor
blocks, 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) minimum thickness, for each section of grating
composed of bearing bars over 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) in thickness, with each
block shop-welded to 2 bearing bars.

2\. [Nonheavy Duty Grating]{.underline}: Provide not less than 4 saddle
clips for each grating section composed of rectangular bearing bars 3/16
inch (4.8 mm) or less in thickness and spaced not less than 15/16 inch
(23.8 mm) o.c., with each clip designed and fabricated to fit over 2
bearing bars.

Furnish threaded bolts with nuts and washers for each clip required,
unless otherwise indicated.

F. [Attach toe plates to grating]{.underline} by welding, unless
otherwise indicated.

[Toe plate height]{.underline}: 4 inches (102 mm), unless a greater
height indicated.

G. [Fabricate cutouts]{.underline} in grating sections for penetrations
indicated. Arrange layout of cutouts to permit grating removal without
disturbing items penetrating gratings.

1\. Edge band openings in grating that interrupt 4 or more bearing bars
with bars of same size and material as bearing bars.

2\. Do not notch bearing bars at supports to maintain elevation.

H. [Available Manufacturers]{.underline}: Subject to compliance with
requirements, manufacturers offering metal bar gratings that may be
incorporated in the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

Alabama Metal Industries Corp.

Barnet/Bates Corp.

IKG Industries

Klemp Corp.

Ohio Gratings, Inc.

Seidelhuber Metal Products, Inc.

## 

## 

## 

## 2.19 [STEEL PIPE guardrails AND HANDRAILS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Fabricate pipe guardrails and handrails to
comply with requirements indicated for dimensions, details, finish, and
member sizes, including wall thickness of pipe, post spacings, and
anchorage.

B. [Interconnect guardrails and handrail]{.underline} members by
butt-welding or welding with internal connectors, at fabricator\'s
option, unless otherwise indicated.

[At tee and cross intersections]{.underline}, cope ends of intersecting
members to fit contour of pipe to which end is joined, weld all around
and grind smooth.

C. [Form changes in directions]{.underline} of railing members as
follows:

1\. By use of welded prefabricated steel elbow fittings.

2\. By bending, of radius indicated.

3\. By mitering at elbow bends.

D. [Form simple and compound curves]{.underline} by bending pipe in jigs
to produce uniform curvature for each repetitive configuration required;
maintain cylindrical cross-section of pipe throughout entire bend
without buckling, twisting, cracking, or otherwise deforming exposed
surfaces of pipe.

E. [Provide wall returns]{.underline} at ends of wall-mounted handrails,
unless otherwise indicated.

F. [Close exposed ends]{.underline} of pipe by welding 3/16 inch (4.8
mm) thick steel plate in place or by use of prefabricated fittings,
except where clearance of end of pipe and adjoining wall surface is 1/4
inch (6.4 mm) or less.

H. [, Flanges, Fittings, and Anchors]{.underline}: Provide end closures,
flanges, miscellaneous fittings, and anchors for interconnections of
pipe and attachment of guardrails and handrails to other work. Furnish
inserts and other anchorage devices for connecting guardrails and
handrails to concrete or masonry work.

1\. [For railing posts set in concrete]{.underline}, fabricate sleeves
from steel pipe not less than 6 inches (152 mm) long and with an inside
diameter not less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) greater than the outside
diameter of post, with steel plate closure welded to bottom of sleeve.

2\. [For removable railing posts]{.underline}, fabricate slip-fit
sockets from steel pipe whose inside diameter is sized for a close fit
with posts and to limit deflection of post without lateral load,
measured at top, to not more than 1/12 of post height. Provide socket
covers designed and fabricated to resist accidental dislodgement.

I. [Fillers]{.underline}: Provide steel sheet or plate fillers of
thickness and size indicated or required to support structural loads of
handrails where needed to transfer wall bracket loads through wall
finishes to structural supports. Size fillers to suit wall finish
thicknesses. Size fills to produce adequate bearing to prevent bracket
rotation and overstressing of substrate.

## 2.20 WALL MOUNTED HANDRAIL BRACKET

A. Acceptable Manufacturers

1\. J. G. Braun Company

2\. Julius Blum & Company

B. Provide #4352 handrail bracket manufactured by J. G. Braun Company or
equivalent by another acceptable manufacturer.

1\. Material: Stainless steel

2\. Finish: Polished #4 finish

3\. Dimension from centerline to wall: 3 inches

4\. Provide matching fasteners.

2.21 [STEEL FRAMED STAIRS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Construct stairs to conform to sizes and
arrangements indicated with welded connections, unless otherwise
indicated. Provide complete stair assemblies, including metal framing,
hangers, columns, railings, newels, balusters, struts, clips, brackets,
bearing plates, and other components necessary for the support of stairs
and platforms, and as required to anchor and contain the stairs on the
supporting structure.

[Fabricate treads and platforms]{.underline} of exterior stairs to
accommodate slopes to drain in finished traffic surfaces.

B. [Stair Framing]{.underline}: Fabricate stringers of structural steel
channels, or plates, or a combination thereof, as indicated. Provide
closures for exposed ends of stringers. Construct platforms of
structural steel channel headers and miscellaneous framing members as
indicated. Bolt or weld headers to stringers, newels, and framing
members to stringers and headers; fabricate and join so that bolts, if
used, do not appear on finish surfaces.

C. [Metal Pan Risers, Subtreads, and Subplatforms]{.underline}: Shape
metal pans for risers and subtreads to conform to configuration shown.
Provide thickness of structural steel sheet for metal pans as indicated.

1\. [Form metal pans]{.underline} of uncoated cold-rolled steel sheet,
unless otherwise indicated.

2\. [Form metal pans]{.underline} of galvanized steel sheet, where
indicated on the drawings.

3\. [Attach Risers and Subtreads to Stringers]{.underline} by the
following methods:

a\. Directly weld risers and subtreads to stringers; locate welds on
side of metal pans to be concealed by concrete fill.

b\. Attach by means of brackets made of steel angles or bars. Weld
brackets to stringers and attach metal pans to brackets by welding or
bolting.

4\. [Provide subplatforms]{.underline} of configuration and construction
shown, with thickness of structural steel sheet as indicated. Attach
subplatform to platform framing members with welds or as otherwise
indicated.

Construct subplatforms with smooth soffits.

D. [Steel Floor Plate Treads and Platforms]{.underline}: Provide raised
pattern steel floor plate in pattern indicated or, if not indicated, as
selected from manufacturer\'s standard patterns.

1\. [Form treads]{.underline} of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) thick raised pattern
steel floor plate with integral nosing and back edge stiffener. Weld
steel supporting brackets to stringers and treads to brackets.

2\. [Fabricate platforms]{.underline} of raised pattern steel floor
plate of thickness indicated. Provide nosing matching that on treads at
all landings. Secure to platform framing members with welds.

E. [Floor Grating Treads and Platforms]{.underline}: Provide patterns,
spacing, and bar sizes indicated; fabricate to comply with NAAMM MBG
531.

1\. [Finish to be shop prime paint]{.underline}, unless otherwise
indicated.

2\. [Fabricate grating treads]{.underline} with steel plate nosing on
one edge and with steel angle or steel plate carrier at each end for
stringer connections. Secure treads to stringers with bolts or as
otherwise indicated.

3\. [Fabricate grating platforms]{.underline}, with nosing matching that
on grating treads, at all landings. Provide toe plates at open-sided
edges of grating platform. Secure grating to platform frame with welds
or as otherwise indicated.

F. [Stair Guardrails and Handrails]{.underline}: Comply with applicable
requirements specified elsewhere in this section for steel pipe
guardrails and handrails, and as follows:

1\. [Fabricate newels]{.underline} of steel tubing and provide newel
caps of gray-iron castings, as shown.

2\. [Railings]{.underline} may be bent at corners, rail returns, and
wall returns, instead of using prefabricated fittings.

3\. [Connect railing posts]{.underline} to stair framing by direct
welding, unless otherwise indicated.

## 2.22 [PIPE BOLLARDS]{.underline}

[Fabricate pipe bollards]{.underline} from 4-inch (102 mm) standard
black steel pipe, Schedule 40, unless otherwise indicated. Cap bollards
with 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) minimum thickness steel base plate, or as
otherwise indicated.

## 2.23 [FINISHES]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Comply with NAAMM AMP 500 \"Metal Finishes
Manual\" for recommendations relative to application and designations of
finishes.

B. [Finish metal fabrications]{.underline} after assembly.

## 2.24 [STEEL and iron FINISHes]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Shop-paint uncoated surfaces of metal
fabrications, except those to be embedded in concrete or masonry or to
receive sprayed-on fireproofing, surfaces and edges to be welded, and
galvanized surfaces, unless otherwise indicated. Comply with
requirements of SSPC-PA 1 for shop painting.

B. [Galvanizing]{.underline}: For those items indicated for galvanizing,
apply zinc-coating by the hot-dip process in compliance with the
following requirements:

1\. [ASTM A123]{.underline} for galvanizing both fabricated and
unfabricated iron and steel products made of uncoated rolled, pressed,
and forced shapes, plates, bars, and strip 0.0299 inch (0.7595 mm) thick
and heavier.

2\. [ASTM A153]{.underline} for galvanizing iron and steel hardware.

C. [Surface Preparation for Shop Priming]{.underline}: Prepare uncoated
ferrous metal surfaces to comply with minimum requirements indicated
below.

1\. Remove oil, grease and similar contaminants in accordance with SP-1,
\"Solvent Cleaning\".

2\. Remove loose rust, scale, spatter, slag and other deleterious
materials in accordance with SSPC, utilizing the following methods as
required:

SP-2 \"Hand-Tool Cleaning\"

SP-3 \"Power-Tool Cleaning\"

SP-7 \"Brush-Off Blast Cleaning\"

D. [Painting]{.underline}: Immediately after surface preparation, apply
structural steel primer paint in accordance with manufacturer\'s
instructions and at a rate to provide dry film thickness of not less
than 3.0 mils (0.076 mm). Use painting methods that result in full
coverage of joints, corners, edges, and exposed surfaces.

Apply 2 coats of paint to surfaces that are inaccessible after assembly
or erection.

## 

## PART 3 - EXECUTION

## 3.01 [examination]{.underline}

[Installer shall examine]{.underline} the areas and conditions under
which metal fabrication items are to be installed. Notify the SDR in
writing of conditions detrimental to the proper and timely completion of
the work. Do not proceed with the work until unsatisfactory conditions
have been corrected in a manner acceptable to the Installer and SDR.

## 3.02 [PREPARATION]{.underline}

A. [Coordinate and furnish anchorages]{.underline}, setting drawings,
diagrams, templates, instructions, and directions for installation of
anchorages, including concrete inserts, sleeves, anchor bolts, and
miscellaneous items having integral anchors that are to be embedded in
concrete or masonry construction. Coordinate delivery of such items to
project site.

B. [Center nosings]{.underline} on tread widths with noses flush with
riser faces and tread surfaces.

C. [Set sleeves]{.underline} in concrete with tops flush with finish
surface elevations; protect sleeves from water and concrete entry.

## 3.03 [INSTALLATION, GENERAL]{.underline}

A. [Fastening to In-Place Construction]{.underline}: Provide anchorage
devices and fasteners where necessary for securing miscellaneous metal
fabrications to in-place construction; include threaded fasteners for
concrete and masonry inserts, toggle bolts, through-bolts, lag bolts,
wood screws and other connectors as required.

B. [Cutting, Fitting and Placement]{.underline}: Perform cutting,
drilling, and fitting required for installation of miscellaneous metal
fabrications. Set metal fabrication accurately in location, alignment,
and elevation; with edges and surfaces level, plumb, true, and free of
rack; and measured from established lines and levels.

C. [Provide temporary bracing]{.underline} or anchors in formwork for
items that are to be built into concrete masonry or similar
construction.

D. [Fit exposed connections]{.underline} accurately together to form
hairline joints. Weld connections that are not to be left as exposed
joints, but cannot be shop-welded because of shipping size limitations.
Do not weld, cut, or abrade the surfaces of exterior units which have
been hot-dip galvanized after fabrication, and are intended for bolted
or screwed field connections.

E. [Field Welding]{.underline}: Comply with AWS Code for procedures of
manual shielded metal-arch welding, appearance and quality of welds
made, methods used in correcting welding work, and the following:

1\. Use materials and methods that minimize distortion and develop
strength and corrosion resistance of base metals.

2\. Obtain fusion without undercut or overlap.

3\. Remove welding flux immediately.

4\. At exposed connections, finish exposed welds and surfaces smooth and
blended so that no roughness shows after finishing and contour of welded
surfaces matches those adjacent.

F. [Grout]{.underline}: Follow manufacturer\'s recommendations for
substrate preparation and application.

G. [Corrosion Protection]{.underline}: Coat concealed surfaces of
aluminum that will come into contact with grout, concrete, masonry,
wood, or dissimilar metals with a heavy coat of bituminous paint or zinc
chromate primer.

## 3.04 [SETTING LOOSE PLATES]{.underline}

A. [Clean concrete and masonry bearing surfaces]{.underline} of any
bond-reducing materials, and roughen to improve bond to surfaces. Clean
bottom surface of bearing plates.

B. [Set loose leveling and bearing plates]{.underline} on wedges, or
other adjustable devices. After the bearing members have been positioned
and plumbed, tighten the anchor bolts. Do not remove wedges or shims,
but if protruding, cut off flush with the edge of the bearing plate
before packing with grout. Pack grout solidly between bearing surfaces
and plates to ensure that no voids remain.

## 3.05 [INSTALLATION OF METAL BAR GRATINGS]{.underline}

A. [General]{.underline}: Install gratings to comply with requirements
of NAAMM grating standard that apply to grating types and bar sizes
indicated, including installation clearances and standard anchoring
details.

B. [Secure removable]{.underline} units to supporting members with type
and size of clips and fasteners indicated, or if not indicated, as
recommended by grating manufacturer for type of installation conditions
shown.

C. [Secure non-removable units]{.underline} to supporting members by
welding where both materials are the same; otherwise, fasten by bolting
as indicated above.

D. [Attach toe plates]{.underline} to gratings by welding, at locations
indicated.

## 3.06 [INSTALLATION OF STEEL PIPE GUARDRAILS AND HANDRAILS]{.underline}

A. [Adjust railings]{.underline} prior to anchoring to ensure matching
alignment at abutting joints. Space posts at spacing indicated, or if
not indicated, as required by design loadings. Plumb posts in each
direction. Secure posts and railing ends to building construction as
follows:

1\. [Anchor posts in concrete]{.underline} by means of pipe sleeves
preset and anchored into concrete. After posts have been inserted into
sleeves, fill annular space between post and sleeve solid with
nonshrink, nonmetallic grout, mixed and placed to comply with anchoring
material manufacturer\'s directions.

2\. [Anchor posts and rail ends to steel]{.underline} with welded
connections, unless otherwise indicated.

3\. [Anchor posts and rail ends into concrete and masonry]{.underline}
with steel round flanges welded to post and rail ends, and anchored into
wall construction with expansion shields and bolts.

4\. [Install removable railing]{.underline} sections where indicated in
slip-fit metal sockets cast into concrete. Accurately locate sockets to
match post spacing.

B. [Secure handrails]{.underline} to wall with wall brackets and end
fittings. Provide bracket with not less than 1-1/2 inch (38.1 mm)
clearance from inside face of handrail and finished wall surface. Locate
brackets at spacing not less than 5\'-0\" (1.5 m) o.c., unless otherwise
indicated. Secure wall brackets and wall return fittings to building
construction as follows:

1\. [Use type of bracket]{.underline} with flange tapped for concealed
anchorage to threaded hanger bolt.

2\. [For concrete and solid masonry]{.underline} anchorage, use
drilled-in expansion shield and either concealed hanger bolt or exposed
lag bolt, as applicable.

3\. [For hollow masonry anchorage]{.underline}, fasten brackets directly
on masonry wall using toggle bolts.

4\. [For steel framed gypsum board assemblies]{.underline}, fasten
brackets to wood blocking using lag bolts or to metal blocking using
self-tapping screws, of size and type required to support structural
loads.

C. [Expansion Joints]{.underline}: Provide expansion joints at locations
indicated, or if not indicated, at intervals not to exceed 40 feet (12.2
m). Provide slip joint with internal sleeve extending 2 inches (51 mm)
beyond joint on either side; fasten internal sleeve securely to one
side; locate joint within 6 inches (152 mm) of posts.

## 3.07 [INSTALLATION OF CAST NOSINGS AND TREADS]{.underline}

[Install cast nosings and treads]{.underline} with anchorage system
indicated to comply with manufacturer\'s recommendations.

## 3.08 [INSTALLATION OF PIPE BOLLARDS]{.underline}

[Install bollards at locations shown]{.underline} on drawings. After
installation, fill pipe with concrete and provide a smooth convex curve
at the top of the pipe.

## 3.09 [ADJUSTING AND CLEANING]{.underline}

A. [Touch-Up Painting of Steel Items]{.underline}: Immediately after
erection, clean field welds, bolted connections, abraded areas of shop
paint, and paint exposed areas with same material as used for shop
painting to comply with SSPC-PA 1 requirements for touch-up of field
painted surfaces.

Apply by brush or spray to provide a minimum dry film thickness of 3.0
mils (0.076 mm).

B. [For galvanized surfaces]{.underline} clean welds, bolted connections
and abraded areas and apply galvanizing repair paint to comply with ASTM
A780.

END OF SECTION