2003

SAMPLE ROUND ROBIN ROUND

TOSS-UP QUESTION (Worth 4 points. 5 seconds for anyone to answer.)

1\) CHEMISTRY *Multiple Choice* The reaction of hydrocarbons with oxygen
to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat is called:

W\) fission

X\) fusion

Y\) endothermic

Z\) combustion

ANSWER: Z) COMBUSTION

# BONUS QUESTION (Worth 10 points. 20 seconds for Captain to answer.)

1\) CHEMISTRY *Short Answer* What is the only known substance for which
there is no triple point:

ANSWER: HELIUM

# TOSS-UP

2\) PHYSICS *Short Answer* What is the name of the device that is made
by combining two basic types of solid state rectifiers allowing the
device to both rectify and amplify a current?

ANSWER: TRANSISTOR

# BONUS

2\) PHYSICS *Multiple Choice* Which of the following was one of the
first direct indications that the speed of light could not be exceeded:

W\) Faraday's law of induction

X\) Einstein's theory of Special Relativity

Y\) the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction

Z\) Planck's constant

ANSWER: Y) THE LORENTZ-FITZGERALD CONTRACTION

**TOSS-UP**

3\) BIOLOGY *Multiple Choice* An example of negative feedback control is
when:

W\) the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier reaction

X\) the initial enzyme of a metabolic pathway inhibits a later reaction

Y\) the end product of a metabolic pathway stimulates an earlier
reaction

Z\) the initial product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the next
reaction

ANSWER: W) THE END PRODUCT OF A METABOLIC PATHWAY INHIBITS AN EARLIER
REACTION

# BONUS

3\) BIOLOGY *Short Answer* What is the name of the inner surface of the
myocardium that is lined with a layer of endothelial cells?

ANSWER: ENDOCARDIUM

# TOSS-UP

4\) ASTRONOMY *Multiple Choice* The hydrogen envelope that surrounds the
comet's nucleus derives its hydrogen most directly from:

W\) gases escaping from the melting comet's ice

X\) hydrogen captured from interstellar space

Y\) breakdown of water by ultraviolet light

Z\) hydrogen in the solar winds

ANSWER: Y) BREAKDOWN OF WATER BY ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

# BONUS

4\) ASTRONOMY *Short Answer* What do Astronomers call the point in the
sky that is directly overhead?

ANSWER: ZENITH

**TOSS-UP**

5\) MATH *Multiple Choice* Which of the following does NOT yield a
periodic non-terminating decimal:

W\) 5/6

X\) 1/27

Y\) 1/18

Z\) 7/8

ANSWER: Z) 7/8

# BONUS

5\) MATH *Short Answer* What 3 consecutive numbers add up to 45?

ANSWER: 14, 15, AND 16

# TOSS-UP

6\) EARTH SCIENCE *Multiple Choice* Which is the best reason for
proposing that a boulder lying in an area that was once glaciated is an
erratic:

W\) it is of a different composition than the underlying rock

X\) it is rounded and worn

Y\) it is larger than any surrounding rocks

Z\) it is located near a glacial lake

ANSWER: W) IT IS OF A DIFFERENT COMPOSITION THAN THE UNDERLYING ROCK

# BONUS

6\) EARTH SCIENCE *Short Answer* What is the term for groundwater
emerging naturally at the ground surface, where the water table
intersects the surface:

ANSWER: SPRING (ACCEPT: SEEP)

**TOSS-UP**

7\) GENERAL SCIENCE *Multiple Choice* Which of the following is most
specifically designed to measure low temperatures:

W\) alcohol thermometer

X\) pyrometer

Y\) cryometer

Z\) mercury thermometer

ANSWER: Y) CRYOMETER

# BONUS

7\) GENERAL SCIENCE *Short Answer* Who was the first president of the
International Psychoanalysis Association who theorized that the shadow
archetype consists of animal instincts:

ANSWER: CARL JUNG (Pronounced: KARL YOUNG)

# 

# TOSS-UP

8\) EARTH SCIENCE *Multiple Choice* A tropical storm will be declared a
hurricane when:

W\) there is evidence of eye formation

X\) wind speeds reach 64 mph

Y\) wind gusts are in excess of 74 mph

Z\) there is evidence of eye formation and sustained wind speeds of 74
mph

ANSWER: Z) THERE IS EVIDENCE OF EYE FORMATION AND SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDS
OF 74 MPH

# BONUS

8\) EARTH SCIENCE *Short Answer* What kind of rocks are formed by the
lithification of sediments:

ANSWER: SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

**TOSS-UP**

9\) CHEMISTRY *Multiple Choice* The ideal fuel for fuel cell use is:

W\) compressed natural gas

X\) reformulated gasoline

Y\) hydrogen

Z\) methanol

ANSWER: Y) HYDROGEN

# BONUS

9\) CHEMISTRY *Short Answer* What is the branch of chemistry that deals
with the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions?

ANSWER: ELECTROCHEMISTRY

# TOSS-UP

10\) PHYSICS *Multiple Choice* Which of the following is NOT a
consequence of the theory of electromagnetic radiation as formulated by
J. C. Maxwell:

W\) electric fields can cause magnetic disturbance

X\) electromagnetic radiation consists of an electric and magnetic wave

Y\) light is a form of electromagnetic radiation

Z\) bright red light ejects no electrons from a metallic surface whereas
dim violet light can

ANSWER: Z) BRIGHT RED LIGHT EJECTS NO ELECTRONS FROM A METALLIC SURFACE
WHEREAS DIM VIOLET LIGHT CAN

# BONUS

10\) PHYSICS *Short Answer* All elements with an atomic number greater
than what number are unstable?

ANSWER: 83

**TOSS-UP**

11\) BIOLOGY *Short Answer* Mendel did most of his original
experimentation using this type of plant:

ANSWER: PEA

# BONUS

11\) BIOLOGY *Short Answer* Order the following from the part of the
digestive tract nearest to the beginning to the part nearest to the end:
jejunum, ileum, esophagus, duodenum

ANSWER: ESOPHAGUS, DUODENUM, JEJUNUM, ILEUM

# TOSS-UP

12\) ASTRONOMY *Short Answer* A meteor that reaches the surface of the
Earth is more accurately called a:

ANSWER: METEORITE

# BONUS

12\) ASTRONOMY *Multiple Choice* At a location half-way from the Equator
to the North Pole, which of the following correctly describes the stars
apparent motion:

W\) they move in circles parallel with the horizon

X\) they rise and set vertically

Y\) they remain stationary

Z\) they rise and set at an angle to the horizon

ANSWER: Z) THEY RISE AND SET AT AN ANGLE TO THE HORIZON

**TOSS-UP**

13\) MATH *Multiple Choice* In a simple random sample:

W\) response bias will be small

X\) non-response bias will be small

Y\) any two samples of the same size will have the same chance of being
drawn

Z\) each subject is asked every question and random responses are
allowed

ANSWER: Y) ANY TWO SAMPLES OF THE SAME SIZE WILL HAVE THE SAME CHANCE OF
BEING DRAWN

# BONUS

13\) MATH *Short Answer* Every even integer greater than 2 can be
written as the sum of two primes. Give the respective two pairs of prime
numbers that when added give 8 and 12:

ANSWER: 5 AND 3 FOR THE NUMBER 8; AND 7 AND 5 FOR THE NUMBER 12

\[Note: 11 and 1 is not an acceptable answer; 1 is not a prime number\]

#  

# TOSS-UP

14\) EARTH SCIENCE *Short Answer* What is the professional name for the
person who studies fossils?

ANSWER: PALEONTOLOGIST (pronounced: pale-ee-on-TALL-o-gist)

# BONUS

14\) EARTH SCIENCE *Multiple Choice* Which of the following latitudes
and dates would coincide with the longest duration of insolation:

W\) 23 ½° South on September 21

X\) 50° North on June 21

Y\) 50° South on March 21

Z\) 0° on June 21

ANSWER: X) 50° NORTH ON JUNE 21

(Solution: W=12 hrs; X=15 hrs; Y= 12 hrs; Z=12 hrs)

**TOSS-UP**

15\) GENERAL SCIENCE *Multiple Choice* In the tempering of steel tools,
the process of rapidly cooling the tool is called:

W\) quickening

X\) quenching

Y\) drawing

Z\) case hardening

ANSWER: X) QUENCHING

# BONUS

15\) GENERAL SCIENCE *Short Answer* What is the general name of the
unusual infectious agents that causes spongiform (pronounced:
SPONGE-ih-form) encephalopathy (pronounced: EN-seff-a-lop-o-thee)?

ANSWER: PRIONS

# TOSS-UP

16\) ASTRONOMY *Multiple Choice* Which of the following planets has the
highest escape velocity:

W\) Saturn

X\) Uranus

Y\) Jupiter

Z\) Mars

ANSWER: Y) JUPITER

# BONUS

16\) ASTRONOMY *Short Answer* Which moon is the only other body in our
solar system, besides the Earth, that has an atmosphere of mostly
nitrogen?

ANSWER: TITAN

**TOSS-UP**

17\) CHEMISTRY *Multiple Choice* Out of the following choices, which is
the correct name for N~2~O~3:~

W\) dinitrogen oxide

X\) dinitrogen dioxide

Y\) dinitrogen trioxide

Z\) dinitrogen tetroxide

ANSWER: Y) DINITROGEN TRIOXIDE

# BONUS

17\) CHEMISTRY *Short Answer* Convert 673 Kelvin into degrees
centigrade:

ANSWER: 400°C

(Solution: 673-273=400)

# TOSS-UP

18\) PHYSICS *Multiple Choice* In stars, the fusion of hydrogen
typically releases energy as:

W\) photons and friction

X\) photons and neutrinos

Y\) photons and mesons

Z\) photons and gravitons

ANSWER: X) PHOTONS AND NEUTRINOS

# BONUS

18\) PHYSICS *Short Answer* Assuming friction is negligible, if a lever
has a mechanical advantage of 5, how much effort in newtons is needed to
lift a 10 newton load?

ANSWER: 2 NEWTONS

( Solution: Force = resistance / mechanical advantage )

**TOSS-UP**

19\) BIOLOGY *Multiple Choice* Which of the following is the term for
when a segment of a chromosome rotates 180 degrees and rejoins the same
chromosome:

W\) deletion

X\) inversion

Y\) translocation

Z\) duplication

ANSWER: X) INVERSION

# BONUS

19\) BIOLOGY *Short Answer* Germs that cause fever usually act on this
section of the brain, which is sometimes referred to as the body's
thermostat:

ANSWER: HYPOTHALAMUS

# TOSS-UP

20\) ASTRONOMY *Multiple Choice* Light from distant galaxies comes
mostly from which of the following:

W\) low mass stars

X\) high mass stars

Y\) ionized hydrogen nebula

Z\) large globular clusters of stars

ANSWER: X) HIGH MASS STARS

# BONUS

20\) ASTRONOMY *Short Answer* Which planet in our solar system has the
most circular orbit?

ANSWER: VENUS

**TOSS-UP**

21\) MATH *Short Answer* In 1700 AD, this person showed that a series of
0's and 1's could be used to denote a number:

ANSWER: GOTTFRIED LIEBNIZ

# BONUS

21\) MATH *Short Answer* If perfect numbers, except 6, can be expressed
by the sum of the cubes of an unbroken sequence of consecutive odd
integers, what are the consecutive odd integers which, when cubed, give
the perfect number 28?

ANSWER: 1^3^ + 3^3^

(Solution: 1^3^ + 3^3^ = 28)

# TOSS-UP

22\) GENERAL SCIENCE *Multiple Choice* Which of the following is
responsible for the changing of the seasons in North America:

W\) the Earth\'s orbit is elliptical

X\) the Sun moves through space

Y\) the Earth\'s axis is not perpendicular to the ecliptic

Z\) the Earth\'s axis precesses

ANSWER: Y) THE EARTH\'S AXIS IS NOT PERPENDICULAR TO THE ECLIPTIC

# BONUS

22\) GENERAL SCIENCE *Multiple Choice* Which of the following most
closely approximates the weight of a 1999 United States nickel:

W\) 1.9 grams

X\) 2.9 grams

Y\) 5.9 grams

Z\) 8.9 grams

ANSWER: Y) 5.9 GRAMS

**TOSS-UP**

23\) CHEMISTRY *Multiple Choice* Which of the following is an example of
a buffer system:

W\) H~2~CO~3~ and water

X\) H~2~CO~3~ and NaHCO~3~

Y\) NH~3~ and N~2~

Z\) NaCl and KCl

ANSWER: X) H~2~CO~3~ AND NaHCO~3~

# BONUS

23\) CHEMISTRY *Short Answer* Convert -40°F into Centigrade:

ANSWER: -40°C

# TOSS-UP

24\) PHYSICS *Multiple Choice* Which of the following particles has not
yet been observed but is generally theorized to exist:

W\) mesons

X\) gluons

Y\) fermionic hadrons

Z\) gravitons

ANSWER: Z) GRAVITONS

# BONUS

24\) PHYSICS *Short Answer* With regard to the speed at which sound
travels in a specific medium, at standard temperature and pressure,
order the following materials from the SLOWEST to the FASTEST: steel,
wood, air, water.

ANSWER: AIR, WATER, WOOD, STEEL

(Solution: air\~331 m/sec; water\~500 m/sec; wood\~4300 m/sec;
steel\~5000 m/sec)

**TOSS-UP**

25\) BIOLOGY *Multiple Choice* A newborn baby's immunity, which is
acquired from the mother, is often referred to as:

W\) active immunity

X\) passive immunity

#### Y) bistander immunity

Z\) physical immunity

ANSWER: X) PASSIVE IMMUNITY

# BONUS

25\) BIOLOGY *Short Answer* Parkinson's disease is caused by a lack of
this neurotransmitter in the brain:

ANSWER: DOPAMINE