**FINANCIAL REPORT OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND**

**TRAINING IN NUTRITION, FY 2003**

**[The Leader in Federally Supported Nutrition Research and
Training]{.smallcaps}**

**I**n Fiscal Year 2003, the NIH continued to lead all Federal agencies
in financial support of nutrition research and training, with a total of
\$1.0 billion. This total represents the combined individual
contributions of the 19 NIH institutes and four centers that supported
biomedical

nutrition research and training. Actual obligations for FY 2003
biomedical nutrition research and training for all NIH institutes and
centers (ICs) are shown in Table 1 as amounts and as percentages of
their total obligation.

Leading the ICs in total dollars expended in support of nutrition
research were NIDDK, NCI and NHLBI, collectively accounting for more
than two-thirds of the total NIH nutrition related spending.

**Table 1. Actual Obligations, NIH Biomedical Nutrition Research and
Training,**

**as a Percentage of Total ICD Obligations, by NIH Component, FY 2003**

**(in thousands of dollars)**

+----------------+------------------+----------------+----------------+
| Institute /    | Nutrition        | Total IC       | Nutrition as   |
|                | Research and     |                | Percentage of  |
| Center (IC)    | Training\*       | O              | Total IC       |
|                |                  | bligations\*\* | Obligations    |
+----------------+------------------+----------------+----------------+

  ---------------- ---------------- ------------------ -------------------
  NCI              228,797          4,595,476          5.0

  NHLBI            193,795          2,793,681          6.9

  NIDCR            9,547            371,630            2.6

  NIDDK            231,671          1,712,959          13.5

  NINDS            10,139           1,456,426          0.7

  NIAID            24,608           3,606,789          0.7

  NIGMS            2,843            1,846,917          0.2

  NICHD            56,818           1,205,908          4.7

  NEI              21,032           633,109            3.3

  NIEHS            23,680           697,698            3.4

  NIA              61,970           993,595            6.2

  NIAMS            2,928            486,031            0.6

  NIDCD            2,734            370,330            0.7

  NIMH             18,945           1,341,014          1.4

  NIDA             4,111            965,721            0.4

  NIAAA            11,663           415,960            2.8

  NINR             7,231            130,537            5.5

  NHGRI            3,279            464,960            0.7

  NIBIB            343              278,279            0.1

  NCRR             42,913           1,138,820          3.8

  NCCAM            53,301           113,405            47.0

  NCMHD            7,116            185,674            3.8

  FIC              2,767            63,425             4.4

  OD^++^           13,111           266,161            4.9
  ---------------- ---------------- ------------------ -------------------

**TOTAL^+^ \$1,035,343 \$26,134,505 4.0**

> \* Actual obligations. Source: Human Nutrition Research and
> Information Management (HNRIM) System database.
>
> \*\* Obligations. Source: NIH Office of Program Planning and
> Evaluation.
>
> +Total excludes obligations for National Library of Medicine and
> buildings and facilities.
>
> ++Office of the Director (OD) includes Office of Dietary Supplements
> and Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research.

Leading NIH components in terms of the percentage of total IC budget
dedicated to nutrition research and training were NCCAM, NIDDK and
NHLBI, with 47 percent, 14 percent and 7 percent, respectively, for
FY 2003.

**[Trends in Nutrition Research and Training, 1994‑2003]{.smallcaps}**

NIH nutrition research and training dollars have increased steadily
during the past decade, growing from \$401 million in FY 1994 to
\$1.0 billion in FY 2003. Actual obligations for nutrition research and
training by NIH component during the past 10 years are shown in Table 2.
Overall, the trend in current dollars has been steadily upward for most
ICs.

**Table 2. Actual Obligations for Nutrition Research and Training by**

**NIH Component, Fiscal Years 1994-2003**

**(Thousands of Dollars)**

  ----------- ----------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------------- --------------- -----------------
              NIH                                                                                                                                                       

  Component               1994 ^a^        1995            1996            1997 ^b^        1998            1999 ^c^        2000            2001          2002            2003 ^d^

                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                        

              **Total**   **\$400,701**   **\$428,687**   **\$438,813**   **\$453,306**   **\$494,443**   **\$553,519**   **\$694,909**   **789,269**   **\$916,964**   **\$1,035,343**

                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                        

              NCI         104,939         112,781         116,567         121,739         119,829         113,223         171,491         184,535       204,425         228,797

              NHLBI       70,545          73,466          75,306          88,943          118,886         124,233         130,491         146,592       184,367         193,795

              NIDCR       4,164           6,408           6,087           8,225           6,755           9,109           9,261           10,671        10,148          9,547

              NIDDK       70,049          75,980          93,322          98,673          105,026         130,115         151,007         182,613       203,741         231,671

              NINDS       1,777           1,738           1,190           999             4,032           3,870           9,048           10,358        10,150          10,139

              NIAID       6,763           7,963           7,873           10,973          12,355          13,907          16,115          17,631        16,806          24,608

                                                                                                                                                                        

              NIGMS       2,169           2,503           2,628           2,265           2,120           2,088           2,854           2,326         2,340           2,843

              NICHD       31,165          32,818          28,823          29,585          28,401          35,029          41,602          45,549        50,957          56,818

              NEI         16,057          16,634          14,218          14,913          15,665          17,438          20,796          23,724        26,891          21,032

              NIEHS       4,654           4,826           4,068           5,806           7,078           6,615           10,839          14,286        22,644          23,680

              NIA         19,942          20,516          20,203          19,226          20,763          26,720          31,380          42,579        55,990          61,970

              NIAMS       5,520           3,998           2,717           4,846           4,569           4,544           4,531           2,984         3,366           2,928

                                                                                                                                                                        

              NIDCD       2,162           2,150           2,366           2,716           2,514           1,757           1,610           1,478         2,881           2,734

              NIMH        7,760           8,446           7,481           7,158           7,363           7,450           11,782          15,153        18,941          18,945

              NIDA        2,548           2,621           2,878           2,226           1,980           3,450           4,100           4,492         5,093           4,111

              NIAAA       3,431           3,901           3,992           7,046           7,632           8,089           9,424           7,790         9,869           11,663

              NINR        2,787           3,106           1,851           2,401           2,775           3,434           4,487           5,134         5,862           7,231

              NHGRI       \-              \-              \-              \-              \-              \-              \-              1,287         1,362           3,279

                                                                                                                                                                        

              NIBIB       \-              \-              \-              \-              \-              \-              \-              \-            \-              343

              NCRR        21,995          22,130          21,626          25,446          26,345          31,759          34,431          35,032        37,479          42,913

              NCCAM       \-              \-              \-              \-              \-              10,305          28,985          34,394        42,369          53,301

              NCMHD       \-              \-              \-              \-              \-              \-              \-              \-            \-              7,116

              FIC         89              166             97              120             354             382             676             663           1,282           2,767

              OD          22,183          26,535          25,520          \-              \-              \-              \-              \-            \-              13,111
  ----------- ----------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------------- --------------- -----------------

^a^ In FY 1994 Office of the Director (OD) includes funding for the
Women's Health Initiative.

^b^ In FY 1997 Women's Health Initiative transferred to NHLBI.

^c^ In FY 1999 includes funding for the National Center for
Complimentary and Alternative Medicine.

^d^ In FY 2003 Office of the Director (OD) includes Office of Dietary
Supplements and Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research.

As shown in Table 3, total NIH expenditures for nutrition research and
training have increased consistently since FY 1994 and have constituted
approximately 4 percent of total NIH obligations during that time. This
table also shows total NIH biomedical nutrition research and training
support in constant, as well as current dollars. For example, nutrition
research and training support showed a \$635 million, or 158 percent,
increase between FY 1994 and FY 2003 in current (unadjusted) dollars. In
constant dollars (i.e., adjusted for inflationary price increases),
nutrition research and training support in FY 2003 represented an
87 percent increase over the FY 1994 level.

In FY 2002, the NIH led all Federal agencies in financial support of
nutrition research and training with a total of \$917 million, as shown
in [Figure 1.](../Figure4.asp)

**Table 3. Actual Obligations, NIH Biomedical Nutrition Research and
Training,**

**in Current and Constant Dollars, and as a Percentage of Total NIH
Obligations**

**FY 1994-2003 (in thousands of dollars)**

Nuition Research Nutrition Research Current Nutrition Dollars

Fiscal and Training, and Training, Total NIH as a Percentage of Total

Year Current Dollars Constant Dollars\* Obligations NIH Obligations

  ------- ------------ ------------------ ----------------- ---------------
  1994    400,701      400,701            10,579,468        3.8

  1995    428,687      414,335            10,901,647        3.9

  1996    438,813      413,540            11,471,293        3.8

  1997    453,306      412,886            11,979,278        3.8

  1998    494,443      438,488            12,777,283        3.9

  1999    553,519      473,401            14,710,791        3.8

  2000    694,909      569,659            16,843,082        4.1

  2001    789,269      620,903            20,068,232        3.9

  2002    916,964      696,237            22,294,111        4.1

  2003    1,035,343    751,197            26,134,505        4.0
  ------- ------------ ------------------ ----------------- ---------------

^\*^ Actual obligations. Source: Human Nutrition Research and
Information Management (HNRIM) System.

^\*\*^Based on biomedical R&D price index, FY 1994 = 100 percent.

^+^Total excludes obligations for National Library of Medicine and
Buildings and Facilities.

**[Expenditures by HNRIM System Category and Interest
Area]{.smallcaps}**

The NIH nutrition research support in the HNRIM system classification
categories and the number of grants or contracts funded in each category
are shown in Table 4. The column labeled \"actual obligations\"
represents the *nutrition* funding for projects in each classifi-cation
category, not the funding for the classifi-cation category per se. For
example, a study of the effects of smoking and diet on coronary heart
disease and obesity that was considered to be 60 percent
nutrition‑related and had a total budget of \$100,000 would contribute
\$60,000 toward the actual obligations reported for the area
\"Cardiovascular Disease and Nutrition\" as well as \$60,000 toward the
actual obligations reported for the area \"Obesity, Anorexia, and
Appetite Control.\" As this example illustrates, a grant or contract may
appear in more than one category.

**Figure 1. Federal Expenditures in Support of Human Nutrition Research
and Training, FY 2002**

![](media/image1.wmf)

\* Estimate

Source: Human Nutrition Research and Information Management (HNRIM)
System database

Thus, if all actual obligations in the 43 categories were summed, the
sum would exceed the total nutrition expenditures for that fiscal year.
The column labeled \"percent of total\" represents the nutrition funds
expended in a given category in relation to total NIH obligations for
nutrition research and training, which totaled \$1.0 billion for FY
2003.

Although NIH nutrition research encompasses all of the classification
categories, the largest component is concentrated in the area of
Research in the Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences (codes 1 - 25 and
35 - 37). Codes 51 through 56 represent NIH Special Interest Areas. The
most frequently assigned nutrition classification codes include \"Cancer
and Nutrition,\" "Obesity, Anorexia, and Appetite Control,\" \"Other
Diseases and Nutrition,\" \"Cardiovascular Disease and Nutrition\" and
\"Lipids (Fats and Oils).\"

**Support by Extramural and Intramural Categories**

The NIH supports two broad categories of research: extramural and
intramural. The extramural programs are responsible for approximately
80-85 percent of the total NIH resources in the form of research grants
or contracts. Through these programs, NIH makes awards of various kinds
to institutions throughout the United States and the world. Extramural
awards are based on a two‑tiered peer‑review assessment - one for
scientific merit and one for program relevance.

Within the NIH itself, and accounting for approximately 10 percent of
its budget, is the intramural program. Nearly all of the NIH institutes
have an intramural component of laboratory and clinical research
programs. More than 2,000 intramural research projects are in progress
at all times, making the NIH the largest center for biomedical and
behavioral research in the world. Boards of scientific counselors are
responsible for assessing the quality and direction of the intramural
program, and the NIH Office of the Director provides scientific and
policy oversight.

The NIH relies on three major funding mechanisms as the administrative
instruments for accomplishing its program goals through the efforts of
scientists outside the NIH (i.e., extramurally): grants and cooperative
agreements (financial assistance awards) and contracts (acquisition
awards). Financial support by NIH of extramural nutrition research and
training is provided through all three of these major funding
mechanisms. Support of extramural nutrition research utilizes research
project grants, program project grants, center grants, contracts, and
cooperative agreements.

All of these may include clinical trials; research resources support;
reimbursement agreements; research career development awards; and new,
academic, and teacher investigator awards. Extramural training in
biomedical and behavioral nutrition research is supported through
National Research Service Awards, with training grants awarded to
institutions and fellowships awarded to individuals. The intramural
nutrition program consists of research projects and training. The actual
obligations in biomedical nutrition research and training by category of
support for Fiscal Year 2003 are shown in Table 5.

Extramural projects comprised about 94 percent of nutrition related
expenditures in Fiscal Year 2003 (\$977 million). Research grants
continue to comprise the largest category of support, with \$668 million
and 2,744 projects. Program Projects made up the second largest category
during this period, with \$86 million and 132 projects. Contracts ranked
third, with \$71 million and 145 projects. Centers comprised the fourth
largest category of support, with \$66 million (189 projects). The
intramural program represented 6 percent of expenditures for nutrition
research and training during FY 2003, with funding of \$59 million (144
projects).

**Nutrition Research Training**

The NIH supports training in biomedical and behavioral nutrition
research in both the extramural and the intramural programs. Within the
extramural program, two basic mechanisms are used for nutrition training
support: institutional awards and individual awards. The institutional
awards, commonly called "training grants," are designed to enable
institutions to make training awards to individuals selected by them for
predoctoral and postdoctoral research training. In FY2003, NIH spent
\$10.3 million on 99 training grants in nutrition. The predoctoral and
postdoctoral individual National Research Service Awards, called
"fellowships," are awarded to provide pre- and postdoctoral research
training to individuals to broaden their scientific background and
extend their potential for research. Expenditures for fellowships in
nutrition were \$3.2 million for 101 fellowships in FY 2003.

Table 4. Actual Obligations, NIH Biomedical Nutrition Research and
Training, by

HNRIM Classification Category, FY 2003

**(in thousands of dollars)**

**Number of Percent**

**Grants and Actual of**

**Nutrition Research Classification** **Contracts Obligations Total**

  ---------------------------------------------- ------- --------- -------
  01 - Maternal Nutrition                        205     58,478    6

  02 - Infant and Child Nutrition (0-12 years)   355     93,442    9

  03 - Adolescent Nutrition (13-18 years)        143     39,744    4

  04 - Adult Nutrition (19-65 years)             223     89,325    9

  05 - Nutrition of the Elderly (65+ years)      260     115,180   11

  06 - Cardiovascular Disease and Nutrition      801     291,484   28

  07 - Cancer and Nutrition                      1056    302,053   29

  08 - Other Diseases and Nutrition              863     267,871   26

  09 - Trauma (Including Burns) and Nutrition    32      5,020     \<1

  10 - Infection\--Immunology and Nutrition      252     58,412    6

  11 - Obesity, Anorexia, and Appetite Control   867     262,217   25

  12 - Genetics and Nutrition                    485     139,086   13

  13 - Nutrition and Function                    333     107,833   10

  14 - Nutrient Interactions                     250     63,310    6

  15 - Other Conditions and Nutrition            216     53,482    5

  16 - Nutritional Status R&D                    161     57,802    6

  17 - Carbohydrates                             258     67,872    7

  18 - Lipids (Fats and Oils)                    655     227,099   22

  19 - Alcohols                                  65      16,793    2

  20 - Proteins and Amino Acids                  206     54,356    5

  21 - Vitamins                                  526     194,263   19

  22 - Minerals and Essential Trace Elements     341     99,584    10

  23 - Water and Electrolytes                    116     30,893    3

  24 - Fiber                                     15      11,986    1

  25 - Other Nutrients In Food                   49      15,369    1

  26 - Food Composition R&D                      18      3,939     \<1

  27 - Bioavailability of Nutrients              24      8,744     \<1

  28 - Effects of Technology on Foods and Diets  8       4,676     \<1

  29 - Other Research in Food Sciences           9       2,264     \<1

  30 - Food Consumption Survey R&D               13      7,192     \<1

  31 - Dietary Practices, Food Consumption, &    360     114,746   11
  Determinants                                                     

  32 - Studies of Methods for Informing &        34      6,912     \<1
  Educating the Public                                             

  33 - Other Research in Nutrition Education     16      6,002     \<1

  34 - Effects of Government Policy &            37      8,472     \<1
  Socioeconomic Factors                                            

  35 - Parenteral, Enteral, and Elemental        48      13,031    1
  Nutrition                                                        

  36 - Dietary Supplements: Nutrient Ingredients 509     166,445   16

  37 - Dietary Supplements: Botanical & Other    399     116,572   11
  Non-nutrient Ingredients                                         

  51 - Prevention and Nutrition                  588     223,832   22

  52 - International Nutrition Research          110     17,810    2

  53 - Epidemiological Nutrition Research        307     91,669    9

  54 - Nutrition Education for Professionals     132     21,614    2

  55 - Nutrition Education for the Public        70      17,487    2

  56 - Clinical Trials of Nutrients/Nutrition    378     189,001   18
  ---------------------------------------------- ------- --------- -------

\* The actual obligations represent the *nutrition* funding for projects
in each classification area, not the funding of the classification area
per se. A grant or contract may be assigned to more than one of these
areas. Thus, summing the expenditures by area will yield a value that
exceeds the total expenditures and summing the percent of total will
yield a value greater than 100 percent.

\*\* The total expenditure, in thousands of dollars, of the NIH
nutrition program was \$1,035,343 in FY 2003.

> Table 5. Actual Obligations, NIH Biomedical Nutrition Research and
> Training,
>
> by Category of Support, FY 2003
>
> (in thousands of dollars)

+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            | B    |       | T    |       |
|                        |            | reak |       | otal |       |
|                        |            | down |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Funding Mechanism      | Item       | [Num | [Co   | [Num | [Co   |
|                        |            | ber] | st]{. | ber] | st]{. |
|                        |            | {.un | under | {.un | under |
|                        |            | derl | line} | derl | line} |
|                        |            | ine} |       | ine} |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| **Extramural**         |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| > Research Grants      | Regular    | 2    | 54    |      |       |
|                        |            | ,456 | 3,285 |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        | Clinical   | 288  | 12    |      |       |
|                        | Trials     |      | 4,453 |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        | Total      |      |       | 2    | 66    |
|                        |            |      |       | ,744 | 7,738 |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| > Program Projects     | Regular    | 127  | 7     |      |       |
|                        |            |      | 3,448 |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        | Clinical   | 5    | 1     |      |       |
|                        | Trials     |      | 2,247 |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        | Total      |      |       | 132  | 8     |
|                        |            |      |       |      | 5,695 |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| > Contracts            | Regular    | 104  | 3     |      |       |
|                        |            |      | 6,567 |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        | Clinical   | 41   | 3     |      |       |
|                        | Trials     |      | 4,760 |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        | Total      |      |       | 145  | 7     |
|                        |            |      |       |      | 1,327 |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| > Centers              | Regular    | 179  | 6     |      |       |
|                        |            |      | 0,732 |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        | Clinical   | 10   | 5,747 |      |       |
|                        | Trials     |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        | Total      |      |       | 189  | 6     |
|                        |            |      |       |      | 6,479 |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| > Training             | Training   | 99   | 1     |      |       |
|                        | Grants     |      | 0,317 |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        | F          | 101  | 3,231 |      |       |
|                        | ellowships |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        | Total      |      |       | 200  | 1     |
|                        |            |      |       |      | 3,548 |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| > Research Resources   |            |      |       | 117  | 3     |
| > Support              |            |      |       |      | 9,199 |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| > Career Development   |            |      |       | 243  | 2     |
| > Awards               |            |      |       |      | 4,019 |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| > Reimbursement        |            |      |       | 24   | 8,753 |
| > Agreements           |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Subtotal, Extramural   |            |      |       | 3    | 97    |
|                        |            |      |       | ,794 | 6,758 |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| **Intramural**         |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| > Projects             |            |      |       | 144  | 5     |
|                        |            |      |       |      | 8,585 |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| > Training             |            |      |       | 0    |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Subtotal, Intramural   |            |      |       | 144  | 5     |
|                        |            |      |       |      | 8,585 |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
| **Total NIH            |            |      |       |      |       |
| Biomedical**           |            |      |       |      |       |
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
| **Nutrition Research & |            |      |       |      |       |
| Training**             |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       | *    | **1   |
|                        |            |      |       | *3,9 | ,035, |
|                        |            |      |       | 38** | 343** |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+
|                        |            |      |       |      |       |
+------------------------+------------+------+-------+------+-------+