**/fi6«kltsf\] jQmJo**

dfgjclwsf/ / k\|hftGqsf\] kIfdf M cd\]l/sL k\|ltj\]bg @))\^

k\|hftGq, dfgjclwsf/ tyf \>d Ao\'/f\]åf/f k\|sflzt

æha hgtf af\]Ng, e\]nf x\'g / ;Ddfg ug{ :jtGq x\'G5g\\, pgLx¿sf\]
clwsf/sf\] ;+/If0f ul/G5 / ;/sf/x¿ ltgsf gful/sx¿k\|lt lhDd\]jf/
x\'G5g\\ ta zflGt / Gofon\] af; u5{ .Æ

---/fi6«klt hh{ 8An\" a\';, dfgjclwsf/ lbj;, clwsf/ ljw\]os lbj; /
dfgjclwsf/ ;Ktfxsf nflu @))\^ 3f\]if0ff

hf/L ldlt clk\|n %, @))\^

**e\"ldsf**

dfgjclwsf/ / k\|hftGqsf\] kIfdf M cd\]l/sL k\|ltj\]bg @))\^

k\|hftGq, dfgjclwsf/ tyf \>d Ao\'/f\]åf/f k\|sflzt

\"...dxTjk\"0f{ kl/jt{glagf k\|ult slxNo} ;Dej x\'Fb}g / h;n\] kl/jt{gsf
nflu bafa lbG5g\\ pgLx¿ c8\\rg / ;DejtM s7f\]/ bdgsf\] ;fdgf ug{ afWo
x\'G5g\\ . ha u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿ 3\]/fdf k5{g\\,
k\|hftGq / :jtGqtf pk\]lIft x\'G5g\\ . ljZjsf k\|hftGqn\] an lbg\'k5{ .
xfdLn\] /Ifsx¿sf\] /Iff ug\'k5{ .Æ

---ljb\]zdGqL sf\]G8f\]lnhf /fO;

l8;\]Da/ !\$, @))\^

cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ lbj;sf cj;/df k\|:t\'t

o; k\|ltj\]bgn\] ;+o\'Qm /fHo cd\]l/sfn\] ljZje/ k\|hftGqsf\] k\|jw{g
tyf dfgjclwsf/sf\] pTyfgsf nflu ;g\\ @))\^ df u/\]sf ljljw k\|of;nfO{
k\|ltlalDat u/\]sf\] 5 .

/fi6«klt hh{ 8An\" a\';n\] k\|hftGqsf\] h/f\]df cl8Psf\] ljb\]zgLlt
sfof{Gjog ug{ k\|lta4tf hgfpg\'ePsf\] 5 / pxfFn\] dfgjclwsf/ tyf
k\|hftGqsf\] ljsf;nfO{ xfd\|f\] /fli6«o ;\'/Iff /0fgLltsf\] Pp6f
ckl/xfo{ tTjsf ¿kdf cfTd;ft\\ ug\'{ePsf\] 5 . /fi6«kltn\] eGg\'ePsf\]
5--- k\|To\]s cft+sjfbLnfO{ dfgj :jtGqtf cyf{t\\ Tof\] ;dfh hxfF dlxnf /
k\'?ifn\] cfkm\"n\] rfx\]sf\] sfd u5{g\\, cfˆg} ljj\]ssf\] k\|of\]u
u5{g\\ / lrGtfdf xf\]Og, cfzfdf afFR5g\\ To;af6 ;a}eGbf a9L qf; 5 .

;g\\ @))\^ sf\] cjlwe/ ljZjsf s\'g} klg If\]qdf xfdLn\] k\|hftGqsf\]
k\|jw{g ug{ / cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/sf\] dfkb08 / k\|hftflGqs l;4fGtsf\]
/Iff ug{ vf\]Hof}F . xfdLn\] k\|hftflGqs ldq/fi6«x¿nfO{ ;/sf/ tyf
ljlwsf\] zf;gsf\] pQ/bfoL /fHo;+:yf :yfkgf ug{ tyf To;sf\] lbuf\]
ljsf;sf nflu ;xof\]u u¥of}F . xfdLn\] w\]/} d\'n\'sdf :jtGq tyf lgikIf
r\'gfjL k\|lqmofsf\] gf/f 3Gsfof}F / To;df dlxnf tyf cNk;+Vosnufot
cfdgful/ssf\] ;xeflutf x\'g\'kg\]{ ;jfnnfO{ k\|f\]T;fxg u¥of}F+ .
xfdLn\] gful/s ;dfhnfO{ alnof\] agfpg / k\|\]; :jtGqtfsf\] k\|jw{g ug{
sfd u¥of}F+ . o;afx\]s hxfF+ dfgjclwsf/ / k\|hftlGqs l;4fGtx¿ ;+s6df
k/\]sf lyP, ToxfF+ xfdLn\] zflGtk\"0f{ kl/jt{gsf nflu ;+3if{ ul//x\]sf
;d\"xk\|lt P\]Soa4tf hgfof}F+ .

ljZje/ dfgjLo ;Ddfgsf\] /Iff / k\|efjsf/L k\|hftGqsf\] \>Lj\[l4sf nflu
sfd ug\'{ xfd\|f\] bL3{sfnLg k\|of; xf\] / o;sf nflu cGo ;/sf/x¿,
u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿ / lghL If\]q;Fusf\] alnof\] ;fem\]bf/L cfjZos k5{ .
ToxfF+ s\]xL Iflt x\'g;S5 / s\]xL ;dosf nflu k\|ultsf\] af6f\] aGb
x\'g;S5 t/ xfdL / xfd\|f ;xof\]uLx¿ ldn\]/ To;sf\] /Iff ug\]{5f}F+
lsgeg\] cfkm\", cfˆgf ;Gtfg / d\'n\'ssf\] eljiosf\] :jtGqtfsf\] ;kgf
b\]Vg\] x/\]s ;+:s\[lt, j0f{, k\[i7e\"ld / cf:yf ePsf gful/snfO{ ;xof\]u
ug\'{ a\'l4dfgL x\'G5 .

oL ljrf/x¿;F+u} d ljsf; dGqfnosf dfgjclwsf/ / k\|hftGqsf\] kIfdf M
cd\]l/sL k\|ltj\]bg @))\^ nfO{ ;+o\'Qm /fHo sf+u\|\];nfO{ x:tfGt/0f
ub{5\' .

sf\]G8f\]lnhf /fO;

ljb\]zdGqL

hf/L ldlt clk\|n %, @))&

**cd\]l/sL dfgjclwsf/ tyf k\|hftGqsf\] /0fgLlt**

dfgjclwsf/ / k\|hftGqsf\] kIfdf M cd\]l/sL k\|ltj\]bg @))\^

k\|hftGq, dfgjclwsf/ tyf \>d Ao\'/f\]åf/f k\|sflzt

dfgjclwsf/ / k\|hftGqsf\] kIfdf M cd\]l/sL k\|ltj\]bg @))\^ n\] xfdLn\]
ljZje/ s\'g} klg d\'n\'sdf lahf/f\]k0f ePsf\] ;\'wf/sf sfo{qmdsf\]
;dy{gsf nflu ut jif{ nfu\" u/\]sf a\[xt\\ s\"6gLlts cf}hf/x¿nfO{
a\'emfpF+5 .

j}olQms tyf k\|hftflGqs :jtGqtfnfO{ cu\| ultdf n}hfg\] Pp6} ;\"q 5}g .
olb dfgjclwsf/sf\] k\|efjsf/L cEof; / /Iff ug\]{ xf\] eg\] sfo{d\"ns
k\|hftGq clgjfo{ x\'g\'k5{ eGg\] xfd\|f k\|of;x¿n\] tLgj6f k\|d\'v
ljifonfO{ s\]Gb\|laGb\' agfPsf\] lyof\] . Ps--- jf:tljs k\|lt:kwf{sf\]
k\|Tofe\"lt lbnfpg :jtGq / lgikIf lgjf{rgsf\] k\|lqmof, b\'O{--- :jtGq
Joj:yflksf, Gofokflnsf, ljlwsf\] zf;gcGtu{t ;\~rflnt lhDd\]jf/ ;+:yf,
kf/bzL{ tyf k\|ltlglwd\"ns ;\'zf;g k\|0ffnL / tLg--- alnof\] gful/s ;dfh
/ :jtGq ;\~rf/dfWod h;n\] ;/sf/nfO{ Odfgbf/ aGg k\|\]l/t u5{,
gful/sx¿nfO{ ;\'wf/sf\] lbzfdf ;lqmo agfpF+5 .

hxfF+ k\|hftGqsf oL tLg k\|d\'v tTjx¿sf\] cefj lyP, ToxfF+ xfdLn\]
To;nfO{ alnof\] agfpg sfd u¥of}F+ . hxfF+ tL tTjx¿ ;+s6df k/\]sf lyP,
ToxfF+ xfdLn\] To;sf\] /Iff k\|lt/Iff u¥of}F+ / hxfF+ ;/sf/L bdgsf sf/0f
To;sf\] cl:tTj lyPg / :jtGqtfsf\] ;kgf x\'F+bfx\'F+b} klg hgtf r\'k a:g
afWo eP, ToxfF+ xfdLn\] af\]Nof}F+ .

of\] k\|ltj\]bgn\] O+lut u/\]em}F+ xfdLn\] k\|To\]s If\]q tyf d\'n\'sn\]
dfgjclwsf/ tyf k\|hftGqsf\] dfu{df em\]Ng\' k/\]sf r\'gf}tLx¿sf\] ;fdgf
ug{ ;xof\]u u¥of}F+ . pbfx/0fsf nflu klZrdL uf\]nf4{df ;a}eGbf 7\"nf\]
r\'gf}tL eGg\' g} k\|hftflGqs ljsf; 5, ToxfF+ xfdLn\] gful/sx¿sf\]
;\'Gb/ hLjgsf nflu k\|hftflGqs Ifdtfsf\] clej\[l4df ;xof\]u u¥of}F+ .
clk\|msfsf w\]/} d\'n\'ssf nflu dfgjclwsf/ tyf ;/sf/L ;\'wf/sf nflu
lx+;f cGTo ug\'{ g} ;a}eGbf dxTjk\"0f{ r\'gf}tL ag\]sf\] 5 . blIf0f, dWo
tyf k\"jL{ Pl;of / k\|zfGt If\]qdf klg k\|r\'/ vr{sf afah\'b dfgjclwsf/
tyf k\|hftGqsf\] af6f\]df 7\"nf\] r\'gf}tL b\]vf k/\]sf\] 5, To:tf\]
r\'gf}tL b\]zcg\';f/ km/skm/s 5g\\ . w\]/} 36gfdf xfdLn\] k\|ultsf\]
af6f\] / zf;gk\|0ffnLnfO{ cem a9L ;\'lglZrt kfg{ xfdLn\] ToxfF+
k\|hftGqsf\] jsfnt u¥of}F+ . cGo 36gfdf hxfF+ g\]tfx¿n\] cfˆgf
gful/sx¿sf\] clwsf/sf nflu nufgL ug{ s\~h\':ofOF+ u/\]sf 5g\\, ToxfF+
b\'Jo{jxf/sf\] kbf{kmfF+; u¥of}F+ / hg;+VofnfO{ ljrf/ tyf ;\"rgfsf\]
ljZjJofkL k\|;f/;F+u hfgsf/ u/fof}F+ . o\'/f\]kdf xfdLn\] PsLs\[t, :jtGq
/ zflGtk\"0f{ dxfb\]z af\]s\]sf o\'/f\]k\]nL ldq/fi6«x¿nfO{ ;xof\]u
u¥of}F+ . a\[xt\\ ¿kdf s\'/f ug\]{ xf\] eg\] dWok\"j{ / pQ/ clk\|msL
If\]qdf xfdLn\] ;\'wf/jfbL ax\'kIfLo tyf b\'O{kIfLo k\|of;x¿ h:t}M
kmf\]/d km/ b ˆo\'r/ / ldl8n O:6 kf6{g/l;k Olgl;ol6edfkm{t /fhgLlts,
cfly{s / z}lIfs ;\'wf/sf\] a9\\bf\] dfunfO{ ;Daf\]wg u¥of}F+ .

;g\\ @))\^ df klg ljb\]zdGqL /fO;n\] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf ;/sf/x¿åf/f
ul/Psf Jojxf/sf ;DaGwdf dfgjclwsf/ tyf k\|hftGqsf/ /Ifsx¿sf\] ;dy{gdf
b\'O{j6f dxTjk\"0f{ k\|of; dfgjclwsf/ /Ifs sf\]if / !) j6f lgb\]{lzt
u}/;/sf/L l;4fGtsf\] 3f\]if0ff ug\'{eof\] .

;/sf/L bdgsf sf/0f ;+s6df k/\]sf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ tTsfn ;fgf\]
kl/df0fsf\] ;xof\]u pknAw u/fpg dfgjclwsf/ /Ifs sf\]ifn\] ljb\]z
dGqfnonfO{ ;xof\]u u¥of\] . !% nfv cd\]l/sL 8n/af6 ;\'? x\'g\] /
cfjZostfcg\';f/ k\|To\]s jif{ pknAw u/fpg ;lsg\] pQm ;xof\]u /sd Goflos
/Iff jf :jf:Yo pkrf/df jf b\'Mvdf k/\]sf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿sf kl/jf/sf
nflu vr{ ug{ ;lsg\]5 .

u}/;sf/L ;+:yfsf l;4fGtx¿sf\] !) j6f lgb\]{lzsfn\] u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx¿k\|ltsf\] cfˆg} Jojxf/nfO{ lgb\]{lzt u/\]sf\] x\'G5 / To;nfO{
xfdLn\] cGo ;/sf/x¿sf sbdsf\] d\"Nof+sg ug{ klg k\|of\]u ug\]{5f}{F+ .
tL l;4fGtx¿n\] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / cGo dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿nfO{ ;Daf\]wg
ug\]{ a\[xt\\ tyf cem a9L lj:t\[t ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lonufot cGo
cGt/f{li6«o b:tfj\]h eGg\] a\'emfpF+5 . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf !) j6f
l;4fGtn\] cfˆgf\] cl:tTjsf nflu ;+3if{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿dfly of\]ubfg
k\'\\¥ofpg\]5 / To;n\] k\|efjsf/L ;\|f\]tsf nflu ;/sf/x¿, cGt/f{li6«o
;+3;+:yfx¿, gful/s ;dfhsf ;d\"xx¿ / kqsf/x¿nfO{ klg ;xof\]u ug\]{ cfzf
xfdLn\] lnPsf 5f}F+ .

;a}eGbf klxn\] dfgjclwsf/ tyf k\|hftGqsf\] ljsf; cfˆgf\] d\'n\'sdf
;\'wf/sf nflu sfd ul//x\]sf k\'?if / dlxnfx¿sf\] ;fx; / k\|lta4tfdfly
lge{/ ub{5 . To:tf\] k\|ultsf nflu ;+o\'Qm /fHo cd\]l/sf / ljZjsf\]
x/\]s If\]qdf /x\]sf p;sf k\|hftflGqs ldq/fi6«x¿sf\] lbuf\] tyf alnof\]
;xof\]usf\] cfjZostf k5{ . cufl8 a9\\g\] af6f\] lj/n} dfqfdf PstkmL{
x\'g\] u5{ . sdhf\]/ k\|hftGq h\'g;\'s} a\]nf c;kmn x\'g;S5 . h\'g
d\'n\'ssf g\]tfx¿ k\|hftGqk\|lt k\"0f{ ¿kdf k\|lta4 5}gg\\ To:tf\]
d\'n\'s cu\|udgsf\] af6f\]df hfg;S5 . ;\'wf/sf\] lbzfdf ;+3if{
ug\]{x¿nfO{ kl/jt{g grfxg\]x¿n\] cfqmd0f ug{ ;S5g\\ / ToxfF+
d\'7e\]8sf\] l:ylt klg cfpg;S5 . of\] Pp6f tLtf\] oyfy{ xf\] . o;} a\]nf
:jtGqtfsf\] kIfdf xfdLaf6 ePsf sfdn\] dlxnf / k\'?ifsf nflu ljZje/
cfzfjfbL oyfy{ / gofF+ l;h{gfsf\] lahf/f\]k0f ug{ ;3fpg\]5 eGg\] ljZjf;
xfdLn\] lnPsf 5f}F+ .

**g\]kfn**

/fhfnfO{ ;+;b\\sf\] k\'gM:yfkgf ug{ cu\|;/ u/fPsf\] clk\|n dlxgfsf\]
hgcfGbf\]ngkl5 g\]kfnsf\] k\|hftGqn\] 7\"nf\] km8\\sf\] df/\]sf\] lyof\]
. hgcfGbf\]ngkl5 b\]zsf\] gfh\'s dfgjclwsf/sf\] l:yltdf ;\'wf/ cfof\] .
gf\]e\]Da/ dlxgfdf ;ft /fhgLlts bnsf\] ;Qf¿9 u7aGwgn\] dfcf\]jfbL;F+u
lj:t\[t zflGt;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ u/\]sf\] lyof\], h;n\] dfcf\]jfbLnfO{
cGtl/d ;+;b\\df k\|j\]zsf nflu dfu{k\|z:t u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

;\'/Iffkmf}h / dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|fxLx¿n\] jif{el/ g} cgluGtL dfgjclwsf/
b\'?kof\]usf uDeL/ 36gf u/fPsf lyP . clk\|n dlxgfdf ;Qf x:tfGt/0f
x\'g\'cl3 ;\'/Iffkmf}hn\] cgfjZos / dgf\]dfgL ¿kdf 3fts ansf\] k\|of\]u,
a\]kQf kfg\]{ sfo{x¿ / u}/sfg\'gL lu/ˆtf/L ug\]{nufotsf uDeL/ k\|s\[ltsf
dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gf u/fpgdf Jo:t /x\]sf lyP eg\] dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\]
of\]hgfa4 ¿kdf lx+;fsf\] k\|of\]u u/\] / wDsLk\"0f{ 7uL, ckx/0f, ad
cfqmd0f, u}/Goflos xTof / oftgfh:tf dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf uDeL/ 36gf u/fP
. o\'4lj/fdsf\] 3f\]if0ffkl5 ;/sf/L kIfsf b\'?kof\]ux¿df pNn\]Vo sdL
cfPsf\] lyof\] oBlk ;\'/Iffkmf}hn\] cem} klg u}/sfg\'gL lx/f;tdf lng\] /
oftgf lbg\] ul//x\]sf\] eGg\] ;dfrf/x¿ klg lyP . ckx/0f, wDsLk\"0f{ 7uL,
lx+;f / afn;}Go egf{h:tf dfcf\]jfbLtkm{sf b\'?kof\]usf 36gfx¿ eg\]
lg/Gt/ ¿kdf eO/x\]sf lyP . hgcfGbf\]ngkl5 ;/sf/n\] s\]xL dfgjclwsf/
pNn+3gsf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;Daf\]wg ug\]{ k\|of; u/\]sf\] lyof\] t/ /fhgLlts
OR5fzlQm / ;+:yfut sdhf\]/Lsf sf/0f dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gk\|lt plrt /
k\|efjsf/L k\|ltlqmof k\|fKt ePsf\] lyPg . dfgj a\]rlavg / dlxnf clwsf/,
afnaflnsf tyf z/0ffyL{x¿ dfgjclwsf/sf uDeL/ ;d:ofsf ¿kdf /x\]sf lyP .

;+o\'Qm /fHo cd\]l/sfn\] b\'O{j6f d\'Vo nIo lnPsf\] lyof\], b\]zdf
lx+;fTds dfcf\]jfbL lgoGq0fnfO{ /f\]Sg\' / pQ/bfoL ax\'bnLo k\|hftGqsf\]
k\|j4{g ug\'{ . ljz\]if u/\]/ cd\]l/sfn\] ;g\\ !((( lgjf{lrt ;+;b\\sf\]
k\'gM:yfkgfdf cfwfl/t /x\]sf b\]zsf sfg\'gL dfGotf k\|fKt / zflGtufdL
/fhgLlts bnx¿af6 k\|ltlgwTj ePsf\] Pp6f ;/sf/sf\] :yfkgfnfO{ ;dy{g
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\] /fhf / p;sf\] ;/sf/nfO{ dfGotfk\|fKt
/fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ ;Qf x:tfGt/0f ug{ cfu\|x u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\]
zfGt, ;d\'Ggt / k\|hftflGqs /fi6«sf nflu Pp6f ;femf b\[li6sf\]0fnfO{ ;xh
agfpg ;/sf/, cGt/f{li6«o ;d\'bfo, ;\~rf/hut\\ / gful/s ;dfh;F+u ldn\]/
sfd u/\]sf\] lyof\] / dfgjclwsf/ tyf k\|hftGqsf l;4fGtx¿nfO{ Jojxf/df
ptfg{sf nflu b\]zdf /x\]sf ;a} kfqnfO{ k\|f\]T;flxt u/\]sf\] lyof\] .
;xeflutfsf If\]qx¿df r\'gfjL / /fhgLlts ;\'wf/, ;\'zf;g, ;\'/Iff If\]q
;\'wf/ / sfg\'gL zf;gnufot lyP . cd\]l/sfn\] åGå Joj:yfkg / lgoGq0f,
cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg\'g, e\|i6frf/sf\] lj/f\]w, oftgfkLl8tsf\]
k\'gM:yfkgf, dlxnfsf\] /fhgLlts ;xeflutf, z/0ffyL{ ;d\'bfosf nflu
;xof\]u, lghfdtL / ;}Go ;DaGwsf\] k\|j4{g ug{ tyf dfgj a\]rljvg / afn\>d
/f\]Sgsf nflu rflnPsf sbdx¿nfO{ klg ;dy{g / ;xof\]u u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

jl/i7 cd\]l/sL clwsf/Lx¿n\] ;/sf/nfO{ b\]zdf ;\'/Iff / sfg\'gL zf;g sfod
ug{ / ljut tyf jt{dfgsf dfgjclwsf/ b\'?kof\]usf 36gfx¿sf\] pQ/bfloTj
:jLsf/ ug{ cfu\|x u/\]sf lyP . cd\]l/sL ;/sf/n\] dfgjclwsf/sf\] ;+/If0f,
ax\'bnLo k\|hftGqsf\] k\|j4{g, dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ lx+;f / hah{:tL 7uL ug\]{
sfo{ 5f\]8\\gsf nflu k\|f\]T;fxg / lbuf\] zflGtk\|lqmofnfO{ k\|j4{g
ug{\'kg\]{df af/Daf/ hf\]8 lb+b} cfPsf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sL clwsf/Lx¿n\]
lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs :yfgx¿df /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ zflGtk\|lqmofsf\] pQ/bfoL
;xsdL{ aGg / ;/sf/ tyf dfcf\]jfbL b\'j} kIfaf6 ePsf dfgjclwsf/
b\'?kof\]usf\] hjfkmb\]lxtf lglZrt ug{ cfu\|x u/\]sf lyP . cd\]l/sfn\]
;fj{hlgs ¿kdf dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ klg lx+;f / wDsL 5f\]8\\gsf nflu
k\|f\]T;flxt u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\] dfcf\]jfbL b\'Jo{jxf/sf\]
hfgsf/L lnPsf\] lyof\] / dfcf\]jfbL lx+;f / cGo b\'Jo{jxf/x¿ v\'n\]cfd
eO/x\]sfaf/\] lglZrt x\'g /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfx¿nfO{
k\|f\]T;flxt u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

cd\]l/sfn\] /fhgLlts bnsf\] ljsf; / lgjf{rg ;\'wf/h:tf k\|hftflGqs
lgjf{rg k\|lqmofsf nflu ;xfotf k\|bfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\]
/fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ lgjf{rg k\|lqmofdf k\"0f{ ¿kdf ;xefuL u/fpg /fhfnfO{
cfu\|x u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sL clwsf/Lx¿n\] /fhLgLlts bnx¿sf\]
;xeflutflagf u/fOPsf gu/kflnsfsf lgjf{rgx¿sf\] cfnf\]rgf u/\]sf lyP / tL
lgjf{rgx¿n\] cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 klg k\"/f u/\]sf lyPgg\\ . cd\]l/sfn\]
b\];sf k\|d\'v /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ :j:y / kf/bzL{ cfGtl/s k\|lqmof ljsf;
ug{, lgjf{rg If\]qx¿df ;Ifd k\|ltlglwTj ug{ / dlxnf, o\'jf / dtflwsf/af6
ljd\'v /x\]sf ;d\"xx¿sf nflu cfGtl/s ¿kdf cj;/x¿sf\] lj:tf/ ug{ ;xof\]u
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\] /fli6«o:t/df Pp6f dlxnf cfof\]u u7g ug{
klg ;3fPsf\] lyof\]Ù h;n\] /fhgLlt, ;/sf/ / Jofkf/ If\]qdf dlxnfsf\]
;xeflutf a9fpgsf nflu jsfnt ub{Yof\] . cd\]l/sfn\] kfFrj6f gful/s ;dfhsf
/fli6«o ;+u7gx¿nfO{ ;+nUg u/fP/ /fhgLlts ;\'wf/sf nflu gful/s ;dfh
;\~hfn lgdf{0f ug{ ;xof\]u u/\]sf\] lyof\] . tL ;+u7gx¿n\] /fhgLlts
;\'wf/sf kIfdf jsfnt ug\]{ / hfgsf/L lng\] ub{y\] . cd\]l/sfn\] :yfgLo
txdf k\|hftflGqs cEof;sf\] k\|f\]T;fxg ug{ / ;\'zf;gsf\] k\|j4{g ug{
b\]zdf /x\]sf k\|fs\[lts ;\|f\]t;fwg Joj:yfkg ;d\"xx¿nfO{ ;xof\]u
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . tL ;d\"xx¿n\] klg :yfgLo:t/df dlxnf / lk5l8Psf ju{sf\]
/fhgLlts ;xeflutfsf nflu cfjfh p7fPsf lyP .

jfs :tGqtf / ;\~rf/ :jtGqtfsf\] ;dy{gdf cd\]l/sfn\] o\'4lj/fdcl3
;/sf/n\] k\|\];df nufPsf\] ;\]G;/l;k / kqsf/x¿nfO{ lagfsf/0f kqmfp
u/\]sf\] lj/f\]wdf s8f ¿kdf cfjfh p7fPsf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\]
;\~rf/dfWodnfO{ clk\|n dlxgfsf\] hgcfGbf\]ngsf cjlwdf v\'nf ¿kdf ;dfrf/
;+sng ug{ k\|f\]T;flxt u/\]sf\] lyof\] / ;xL Pj+ ;fdlos 9+uaf6 cd\]l/sL
ljrf/x¿ ;d\]l6pmg\\ eg\]/ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o b\'j} ;\~rf/dfWodnfO{
;\"rgfx¿ k\|bfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] . gf\]e\]Da/ / l8;\]Da/ dlxgfdf
cd\]l/sfn\] b\]zdf vf\]h kqsfl/tfsf\] cefj / jif{el/ w\]/} kqsf/n\]
;fdgf ug\'{ k/\]sf r\'gf}tLx¿nfO{ dxTj lbP/ ;\]ldgf/x¿sf\] cfof\]hgf
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\] jif{el/df kfF+rhgf kqsf/nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o
cfbfgk\|bfg sfo{qmdsf nflu k\|fof\]hg u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

cd\]l/sfn\] ;ef;Dd\]ng / ;+u7gsf\] :jtGqtfsf\] sb/ ug\]{ sfo{sf\]
k\|j4{g u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sL clwsf/Lx¿n\] /fhfn\] k\|bz{gdfly
k\|ltaGw nufPsf\]df / hgcfGbf\]ngcufj} /fhgLlts bnsf g\]tfx¿nfO{ kqmfp
ul/Psf\]df eT;{gf u/\]sf lyP . cd\]l/sL clwsf/Lx¿n\] ;/sf/dfly pgLx¿sf\]
l/xfOsf nflu bafa lbFb} kqmfp k/\]sf /fhgLlts g\]tfx¿;F+u ;fKtflxs ¿kdf
e\]6\\g\] k\|of; u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sL clwsf/Lx¿n\] u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx¿ / gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿;F+u pgLx¿sf lqmofsnfknfO{ hg;dy{g k\|bfg
ug{ lgoldt ¿kdf e\]6 u/\]sf lyP / zfxL ;/sf/;F+u zflGtk\"0f{ k\|bz{gsf
qmddf kqmfp u/\]sf gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ l/xf ug{ cfu\|x u/\]sf lyP .
hgcfGbf\]ngsf\] cjlwdf cd\]l/sfn\] xhf/f}Fsf\] ;+Vofdf kqmfp ul/Psf
/fhgLlts g\]tfx¿ / gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ l/xf ug{ zfxL ;/sf/nfO{ bafa
lbPsf\] lyof\] .

cd\]l/sfn\] Gofo If\]qsf\] cfw\'lgsLs/0f, Gofosf nflu ul/asf\] kxF+\'r
lj:tf/, e\|i6frf/ /f\]Sg\] Ifdtfsf\] ;\'b\[9Ls/0f / dtflwsf/af6 jl\~rt
ePsfx¿ tyf dlxnfsf nflu sfg\'gL ;+/If0f clej\[l4 ug{ ;jf\]{Rr, lhNnf /
k\'g/fj\]bg cbfntx¿ tyf gful/s ;dfh;F+u sfd u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sL
;xfotf k\|of;x¿n\] a\]kQf kfl/Psfsf tkm{af6 k/\]sf aGbL k\|ToIfLs/0fsf
ph\'/Lx¿nfO{ tbf?stfsf ;fy tflnsfdf kfg{ cbfntx¿nfO{ ;xof\]u u/\]sf lyP
. cd\]l/sfn\] lhNnf Pj+ ;jf\]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿ / af/ P;f\]l;P;gsf
;b:ox¿;lxtsf Goflos ;d\'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf nflu ljb\]zdf tflnd sfo{qmdx¿sf\]
k\|fof\]hg u/\]sf\] lyof\] . sfo{qmdx¿df Goflos tflndx¿, bL3{sfnLg
k\|fljlws ;xfotf / Goflos If\]q ;\'wf/df sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf nflu
n3\'cg\'bfg k\|bfg ug\]{ /x\]sf lyP . ;f\] jif{df cd\]l/sfn\] ;/sf/L
clwsf/Lx¿ / ;\~rf/sdL{x¿nfO{ cd\]l/sfdf ePsf sfg\'gL zf;g sfo{qmdx¿df
;xefuL x\'gsf nflu k\|fof\]hg u/\]sf\] lyof\] . b\]zsf\] k\|d\'v
e\|i6frf/lj/f\]wL lgsfo clVtof/ b\'?kof\]u cg\';Gwfg cfof\]unfO{ k\|fKt
cd\]l/sL ;xfotfn\] o;sf\] 5fglag ug\]{ / d\'2f rnfpg\] Ifdtf clej\[l4
ug{df ;xof\]u u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;\~rf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf ;d\"xx¿nfO{
k\|fKt cd\]l/sL ;xfotfn\] e\|i6frf/lj/f\]wL r\]tgfsf nflu b\]zel/ ;\~hfn
/ u7aGwgx¿ a9fpgdf ;xof\]u u/\]sf\] lyof\], h;sf\] kl/0ffd:j¿k ;fj{hlgs,
lghL / gful/s ;dfhsf\] ;fem\]bf/Ldf e\|i6frf/lj/f\]wL If\]qLo d\~rx¿ u7g
ePsf lyP .

cd\]l/sL clwsf/Lx¿n\] sf7df8f}Fdf ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/
pRrfo\'Qmsf\] sfof{no;F+u glhs /x\]/ sfd u/\]sf lyP / b\]ze/
dfgjclwsf/sf\] l:ylt cg\'udg / ;\'wf/ ug{ sfof{nonfO{ /sd k\|bfg u/\]sf
lyP . cd\]l/sfn\] /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof\]unfO{ b\]ze/ ePsf slyt
dfgjclwsf/ b\'?kof\]usf 36gfx¿sf\] 5fglag ug{ / åGåkLl8tx¿nfO{ d\'Vo
;\]jf k\|bfg ug{sf nflu o;sf\] Ifdtf clej\[l4 ug{ /sd ;xfotf k\|bfg
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\] pRrt/ ;/sf/L ;\]jf k\|bfg ug\]{ ;/sf/sf
k\|of;x¿nfO{ k\|f\]T;fxg u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sL ;/sf/n\] cfwf/e\"t
:jf:Yo;\]jf, cfod\"ns cj;/x¿, hflu/sf tflnd / åGåkLl8tsf nflu
dgf\]j}1flgs tyf sfg\'gL k/fdz{ k\|bfg ug\]{ sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ ;dy{g
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\] zflGtk\|lqmofsf\] Joj:yfkgsf nflu
;/sf/sf\] zflGt ;lrjfnonfO{ o;sf\] Ifdtf clej\[l4 ug{ ;xfotf k\|bfg
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sL ;xfotf;F+u} zflGt ;lrjfnon\] zflGtk\|lqmofdf
dxTjk\"0f{ e\"ldsf kfof\] / lj:t\[t zflGt;Demf}tf x:tfIf/ ul/Pkl5 zflGt
;lrjfnon\] o;sf k\|of;x¿nfO{ /fli6«o d\]nldnfksf nflu ;xof\]u ug{df
s\]lGb\|t u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

cd\]l/sL clwsf/Lx¿n\] ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf zfxL ;/sf/nfO{ / zfxL g\]kfnL
;\]gfnfO{ lgod sfg\'g ldRg\] sfo{ aGb ug{ / dfgjclwsf/sf\] ;+/If0f /
;Ddfg ug{ bafa lbPsf lyP . o\'4lj/fdsf\] 3f\]if0ffkl5, cd\]l/sfn\]
sfg\'gsf\] ;\'zf;g / dfgjclwsf/sf\] Pp6f v08nfO{ ;d\]6\]sf\] ;}Go sfg\'g
;\'wf/;DaGwL\] Pp6f gful/s ;}Go ljz\]if1 cfbfgk\|bfg sfo{qmdsf\] ;\~rfng
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . pQm sfo{qmddf /Iff dGqfnosf k\|ltlglw, ;\]gfsf\] k\|f8
ljefusf ;xfos /yL, ;}Go k\|x/L / ;}Go sdfG8sf k\|ltlglwx¿sf\] ;xeflutf
lyof\] . cd\]l/sL nufgLsf ;\]ldgf/x¿ ;z:q åGåsf nflu sfof{Gjog ul/g\]
sfg\'g / vf\]hd\"ns dfgjclwsf/ ;dfrf/ ;+sngdf s\]lGb\|t /x\]sf lyP /
cd\]l/sfn\] ;\]gfsf t\]QL;hgf hjfgnfO{ ;}Go lzIff / tflndsf sfo{qmdx¿df
efu lng k\|fof\]hg u/\]sf\] lyof\] . tL ;a} sfo{qmdn\] dfgjclwsf/sf\]
;Ddfg ug{\'kg\]{ ;Gb\]znfO{ ;d\]6\]sf lyP . cd\]l/sfn\] Pp6f gful/s /
;\]gfsf\] ;DaGw sfo{qmdsf\] k\|fof\]hg u/\]sf\] lyof\]Ù h;n\] klxnf\]k6s
;\]gf, dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, gful/s ;dfh / /fhgLlts bnsf
;b;ox¿nfO{ g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] eljio / ;\]gfdfly gful/ssf\] lgoGq0faf/\]
5nkmn ug{ Ps} ynf\]df hDdf u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\] gful/s /
;\]gfsf\] k\|hftflGqs ;DaGwaf/\] gful/s k\|lzIfsx¿sf nflu g\]kfn ;}lgs
k\|lti7fgdf Pp6f ;\]ldgf/sf\] k\|aGw ldnfPsf\] lyof\] / ;\]gfsf b\'O{
clws\[t;lxt kfF+rhgf gful/snfO{ cd\]l/sfdf ePsf\] b\'O{xKt\]
gful/s--;\]gf;DaGwL sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x\'g k\|fof\]hg u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

cd\]l/sfn\] tLAatL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ g\]kfn x\'F+b} ef/tdf hfgsf nflu
;xof\]\]u ug{ ;/sf/, ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL pRrfo\'Qm, tLAat
sf\]if / ltAatL ;d\'bfo;F+u sfd u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\] ;/sf/nfO{
cd\]l/sL cWofudg ;\'ljwf;F+u} sl/a b\'O{ ;o ltAatL z/0ffyL{sf\] Pp6f
;d\"xnfO{ b\]z 5f\]8\\g\] cg\'dlt k\|bfg ug{ cfu\|x u/\]sf\] lyof\] .
To;sf cnfjf cd\]l/sfn\] emG8} Ps nfv e\'6fgL z/0ffyL{nfO{ ;xfotf k\|bfg
ug\]{ ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z/0ffyL{;DaGwL pRrfo\'Qm / ljZj vfB sfo{qmdsf
k\|of;x¿df pNn\]Vo of\]ubfg lbof\] . cd\]l/sL clwsf/Lx¿n\] ;/sf/ / cGo
OR5\'s bnx¿nfO{ b\]zsf\] e\'6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofsf\] bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg
vf\]Hgtkm{ k\|f\]T;flxt u/\]sf lyP .

cd\]l/sfn\] s\"6gLlt / cfbfgk\|bfgsf\] dfWodaf6 wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\]
k\|j4{g u/\]sf\] lyof\] / cd\]l/sfdf wfld{s ljljwtf gfds cGt/f{li6«o
e\|d0fstf{sf\] sfo{qmddf b\]zsf\] ;xeflutfsf nflu ;xof\]u u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . cd\]l/sL clwsf/Lx¿n\] wfld{s g\]tfx¿;F+u pgLx¿sf lqmofsnfksf
nflu hg;dy{g b\]vfpg lgoldt ¿kdf e\]63f6 u/\]sf lyP .

cd\]l/sfn\] dfgj a\]rlavg /f\]Sg\] Pp6f rf/jif\]{ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;dy{g /
;xof\]u u/\]sf\] lyof\] . Tof\] sfo{qmddf r\]tgf hfu\[t u/fpg\]
lqmofsnfk, ;\~hfnx¿sf\] ;anLs/0f / jsfnt, ddf{j:yfdf /x\]sf ;d\"xx¿nfO{
cfly{s ljsNkx¿ k\|bfg, z}lIfs sfo{qmdx¿ / ;/sf/sf\] a\]rlavglj?4sf
sfo{bnsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ clwsf/df cfwfl/t tflnd k\|bfg ug\]{ ;dfj\]z lyP .

r\]tgfd\"ns / jsfntsf sfo{qmd tLg nfveGbf a9L nfeflGjtdfem k\'u\]sf\]
lyof\] . a\]rlavg /f\]Sg\] Pp6f cfly{s /0fgLltcGtu{t cd\]l/sL ;xfotfn\]
;ft ;o ;qhgf hf\]lvddf k/\]sf s\]6L / a\]rlavgaf6 ar\]sfx¿nfO{ Jofj;flos
tflnd / cgf}krfl/s lzIff k\|bfg u/\]sf\] lyof\], h;dWo\]\] ;f7L
k\|ltztn\] tTkZrft\\ gfkmfd\"ns /f\]huf/L k\|fKt u/\]sf lyP .

jif{el/df ToxfF+ a\]rlavgstf{x¿dflysf\] cleof\]u / ;d\'bfo txdf p4f/
ul/Psf kLl8tx¿sf\] ;+Vofdf j\[l4 ePsf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\] dfgj
a\]rlavgsf ;Dd\]ngx¿df efu lng ;xefuLx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf k\|fof\]hg
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . cd\]l/sfn\] lzIffsf\] dfWodaf6 afn\>d zf\]if0f
/f\]Sgsf nflu Pp6f ax\'jifL{o kl/of\]hgfdf klg sfd u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

\###