## 1.1. RESFEN Modeling Assumptions

The following table compares the input value assumptions used for the
DOE2 simulations in RESFEN versions 3.0 and 3.1. The 3.1 assumptions are
consistent with efforts by NFRC Annual Energy Rating Subcommittee to
develop an Annual Energy Rating Procedure (1998). These assumptions are
under review and may be updated in the next version of RESFEN.

Table 2-1. RESFEN 3.0 and 3.1 Modeling Assumptions

+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **PARAMETER** | **RESFEN Ver.   | **RESFEN Ver. 3.1**                 |
|               | 3.0**           |                                     |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Floor       | 1,540^(a)\      | Variable, from 1,000 to 4,000       |
| Area**\       | ^41.5 x 41.5 x  | square feet, input by user.         |
| (ft^2^ &      | 8               |                                     |
| dimensions)   |                 |                                     |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **House       | New             | -   New Construction                |
| Type**        | Construction    |                                     |
|               |                 | -   Existing Construction           |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| *             | Slab,           | Foundation is based on location.    |
| *Foundation** | Crawlspace      | There are a maximum of three        |
|               |                 | options per climate zone, chosen    |
|               |                 | from:                               |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               |                 | -   Basement                        |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               |                 | -   Slab-on-Grade                   |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               |                 | -   Crawlspace                      |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               |                 | See Table 6-2. ^(b)^                |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| *             | Wall: R19\      | Envelope insulation levels are      |
| *Insulation** | Roof: R30       | based on location.                  |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               |                 | -   **New construction:** See Table |
|               |                 |     6-4. (Council of American       |
|               |                 |     Building Officials, 1993) ^(c)^ |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               |                 | -   **Existing construction:** See  |
|               |                 |     Table 6-5. (Ritschard, et al.   |
|               |                 |     1992)                           |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **I           | ELA=0.77 ft^2^  | -   **New Construction:** ELA=0.77  |
| nfiltration** | (0.58 ACH)      |     ft^2^ (0.58 ACH)                |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               |                 | -   **Existing Construction:**      |
|               |                 |     ELA=1.00 ft^2^ (0.70 ACH)       |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Structural  | 4.3 lb/ft^2^    | 3.5 lb/ft^2^ of floor area, in      |
| Mass**        |                 | accordance with the Model Energy    |
| (lb/ft^2^)    |                 | Code and NFRC Annual Energy         |
|               |                 | Performance Subcommittee            |
|               |                 | recommendation (September 1998).    |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Internal    | 5.5 lb/ft^2^    | 8.0 lb/ft^2^ of floor area, in      |
| Mass**        |                 | accordance with the Model Energy    |
|               |                 | Code and NFRC Annual Energy         |
| Furniture     |                 | Performance Subcommittee            |
| (lb/ft^2^)    |                 | recommendation (September 1998).    |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Solar Gain  | **Options:**    | **Options:**                        |
| Reduction**   |                 |                                     |
|               | -   None        | -   **None:** No solar gain         |
|               |                 |     reduction                       |
|               | -   2' Exterior |                                     |
|               |     Overhangs   | -   **Overhang:** 2' Exterior       |
|               |                 |     Overhangs                       |
|               | ```{=html}      |                                     |
|               | <!-- -->        | -   **Obstruction:** Exterior       |
|               | ```             |     Obstructions, a completely      |
|               | -   Exterior    |     opaque (=0.0), same-height      |
|               |                 |     obstruction 20 feet away,       |
|               |   Obstructions\ |     intended to represent adjacent  |
|               |     a           |     buildings.                      |
|               |     completely  |                                     |
|               |     opaque      | -   **Interior:** Interior shades   |
|               |     (=0.0),     |     with a Seasonal SHGC            |
|               |     same-height |     multiplier, summer value =      |
|               |     obstruction |     0.80, winter value = 0.90.      |
|               |     20 feet     |                                     |
|               |     away,       | -   **Int+Ovh:** Interior shades &  |
|               |     intended to |     2\' overhangs                   |
|               |     represent   |                                     |
|               |     adjacent    | -   **Ovh+Obs:** 2\' overhangs &    |
|               |     buildings.  |     obstructions                    |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               | ```{=html}      | -   **All:** Interior shades, 2\'   |
|               | <!-- -->        |     overhangs, & obstructions       |
|               | ```             |                                     |
|               | -   Interior    | -   **Typical**^(d)^**:** to        |
|               |     Shades:     |     represent a statistically       |
|               |     Shading     |     average solar gain reduction    |
|               |     coefficient |     for a generic house, this       |
|               |     multiplier  |     option includes:                |
|               |     of 0.60     |                                     |
|               |     when solar  | -   Interior shades (Seasonal SHGC  |
|               |     gain \> 30  |     multiplier, summer value =      |
|               |     BTU/ft^2^.  |     0.80, winter value = 0.90);     |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               |                 | -   1\' overhang;                   |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               |                 | -   a 67% transmitting same-height  |
|               |                 |     obstruction 20\' away intended  |
|               |                 |     to represent adjacent           |
|               |                 |     buildings.                      |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               |                 | -   To account for other sources of |
|               |                 |     solar heat gain reduction       |
|               |                 |     (insect screens, trees, dirt,   |
|               |                 |     building & window               |
|               |                 |     self-shading), the SHGC         |
|               |                 |     multiplier was further reduced  |
|               |                 |     by 0.1. This results in a final |
|               |                 |     winter SHGC multiplier of 0.8   |
|               |                 |     and a final summer SHGC         |
|               |                 |     multiplier of 0.7.              |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Window      | Variable (base  | Variable                            |
| Area**        | case is 3% of   |                                     |
|               | floor area)     |                                     |
| (% Floor      |                 |                                     |
| Area)         |                 |                                     |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **PARAMETER** | **RESFEN Ver.   | **RESFEN Ver. 3.1**                 |
|               | 3.0**           |                                     |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Window      | Variable        | Variable                            |
| Type**        |                 |                                     |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Window      | Variable        | Variable                            |
| D             |                 |                                     |
| istribution** |                 |                                     |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **HVAC        | Furnace & A/C,  | Furnace & A/C,                      |
| System**      |                 |                                     |
|               | Heat Pump       | Heat Pump                           |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **HVAC System | DOE-2           | For each climate, system sizes are  |
| Sizing**      | autosizing      | fixed for all window options. Fixed |
|               |                 | sizes are based on the use of DOE-2 |
|               |                 | auto-sizing for the same house as   |
|               |                 | defined in the analysis, with the   |
|               |                 | most representative window for that |
|               |                 | specific climate. An auto-sizing    |
|               |                 | multiplier of 1.3 used to account   |
|               |                 | for a typical safety factor. ^(e)^  |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **HVAC**      | AFUE = 0.78\    | **New Construction:**               |
| *             | A/C SEER =      |                                     |
| *Efficiency** | SEER=10.0       | -   AFUE = 0.78, A/C SEER=10.0      |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               |                 | **Existing Construction:**          |
|               |                 |                                     |
|               |                 | -   AFUE = 0.70, A/C SEER= 8.0      |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Duct        | Heating: 10%    | Heating: 10% (fixed)\               |
| Losses**      | (fixed)\        | Cooling: 10% (fixed)                |
|               | Cooling: 10%    |                                     |
|               | (fixed)         |                                     |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Part-Load   | Default DOE-2   | New part-load curves for DOE2       |
| Performance** | heating,        | (Henderson 1998) for both new and   |
|               | cooling Part    | existing house types                |
|               | Load Ratios     |                                     |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Thermostat  | Heating:        | Heating: 70^o^F, Cooling: 78^o^F    |
| Settings**    | 70^o^F,         |                                     |
|               | Cooling: 78^o^F | Basement (partially conditioned):   |
|               |                 | Heating 62^o^F, Cooling 85^o^F      |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Night       | 60^o^F (11 PM   | 65^o^F (11 PM -- 6 AM^(f)^ )        |
| Heating       | -- 6 AM)        |                                     |
| Setback**     |                 |                                     |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Internal    | Sensible: 56.1  | Sensible: 43,033 Btu/day + (floor   |
| Loads**       | kBtu/day\       | area \* 8.42 Btu/ft^2^-day for      |
|               | Latent: 12.2    | lighting)\                          |
|               | kBtu/day        | Latent: 12.2 kBtu/day               |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Natural     | Enthalpic --    | Enthalpic -- Sherman-Grimsrud       |
| Ventilation** | S               | (78^o^F / 72^o^F based on 4 days\'  |
|               | herman-Grimsrud | history^(g)^ )                      |
|               | (78^o^F /       |                                     |
|               | 72^o^F based on |                                     |
|               | 4 days\'        |                                     |
|               | history^(g)^ )  |                                     |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Weather     | 13 TMY2, 33     | All TMY2^(h)^                       |
| Data**        | WYEC2^(h)^      |                                     |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Number of   | 46              | 48 US cities^(i)^\                  |
| Locations**   |                 | 4 Canadian cities                   |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Calculation | DOE-2.1E        | DOE-2.1E                            |
| Tool**        |                 |                                     |
+---------------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+

**Footnotes:**

(a) RESFEN 3.0 modeled two building types -- a 1,540 ft^2^ one-story
    ranch house, and a 2,240 ft^2^ two-story house. The RESFEN 3.0
    values in this table show the dimensions, interior wall area, and
    internal loads levels for the one-story house only. RESFEN 3.1
    allows the floor area to vary, so floor-area-dependent parameters
    (such as exterior and interior wall area, perimeter area, internal
    gains, infiltration, and so forth) are calculated for each specific
    case.

(b) In Table 2, the default foundation option is the most common
    foundation type in that location; the other options are other
    foundation types found in more than 10% of the houses according to a
    National Association of Homebuilder\'s survey (Labs et al. 1988).

(c) The wall insulation R-values listed in the 1993 MEC (Council of
    American Building Officials, 1993) are the same for frame and
    masonry walls, as stated in the documentation for Prescriptive
    Packages: \"Wall R-values represent the sum of the wall cavity
    insulation plus insulating sheathing (if used). Do not include
    exterior siding, structural sheathing, and interior drywall. For
    examples, an R-19 requirement could be met EITHER by R-19 cavity
    insulation OR R-13 cavity insulation plus R-6 insulating sheathing.
    Wall requirements apply to wood-frame or mass (concrete, masonry,
    log) wall constructions, but do not apply to metal-frame
    construction.\"

(d) These assumptions are intended to represent the average solar heat
    gain reduction for a large sample of houses. A one-foot overhang is
    assumed on all four orientations in order to represent the average
    of a two-foot overhang and no overhang. A 67% transmitting
    obstruction 20 feet away on all four orientations represents the
    average of obstructions (such as neighboring buildings and trees) 20
    feet away on one-third of the total windows and no obstructions in
    front of the remaining two-thirds of windows. An interior shade is
    assumed to have a Solar Heat Gain Coefficient multiplier of 0.9
    during the winter and 0.8 during the summer. To account for solar
    heat gain reducing effects from other sources such as screens,
    trees, dirt, and self-shading of the building, the SHGC multiplier
    was further reduced by 0.1 throughout the year. This amounts to a
    12.5% decrease in the summer and an 11.1% decrease in the winter.
    The final SHGC multipliers (0.8 in the winter and 0.7 in the summer)
    thus reflect the combined effects of shading devices and other
    sources.

(e) For each climate, DOE-2\'s auto-sizing feature was used with the
    window most likely to be installed in new construction (assumed to
    be the MEC default). Tables 6.4 and 6.5 show the required
    prescriptive U-factors for windows for the 52 climates. For climates
    where the U-factor requirement is greater than or equal to 1.0, an
    aluminum frame window with single glazing (U-factor = 1.30; SHGC =
    0.74) is used. For climates where the U-factor requirement is
    between 0.65 and 1.0, an aluminum frame window with double glazing
    (U-factor = 0.87; SHGC = 0.66) is used. For climates where the
    U-factor requirements are below 0.65, as well as in the four
    Canadian climates, a vinyl frame window with double glazing
    (U-factor = 0.49; SHGC = 0.57) is used for the sizing calculation.

(f) RESFEN 3.1 models a moderate setback of 65^o^ F in recognition that
    some but not all houses may use night setbacks. Recent studies of
    residential indoor conditions have shown that, during the heating
    season, nighttime temperatures are significantly lower than daytime
    temperatures (Ref: "Occupancy Patterns and Energy Consumption in New
    California Houses," Berkeley Solar Group for the California Energy
    Commission, 1990).

(g) RESFEN 3.0 and 3.1 use a feature in DOE-2 that allows the
    ventilation temperature to switch between a higher heating (or
    winter) and a lower cooling (or summer) temperature based on the
    cooling load over the previous four days.

(h) RESFEN 3.0 used a mix of Typical Meteorologcal Year (TMY2) weather
    tapes from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and WYEC2
    weather tapes from ASHRAE. There are 239 TMY2 locations with average
    weather data compiled from 30+ years of historical weather data.
    (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1995), but only 55 WYEC2
    locations (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and
    Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1997). The two weather data sets are of
    comparable reliability, but RESFEN 3.1 uses only TMY2 weather tapes
    to maintain internal consistency. (Huang, Memorandum to NFRC 900
    Working Group, \"Weather data for use in NFRC900\", August 5, 1998).

(i) This list of locations is based primarily on a list of 45 cities
    chosen in a previous LBNL project to define representative U.S.
    climates for simulating residential building energy use (Huang et
    al. 1987).

## 3.2. Foundation Types by Location

Table 4-2. RESFEN 3.1 Foundation Type Options by Location. (Ritschard,
et. Al. 1992)

  ----------- -------------- ------------------ ---------------- ----------------
  **State**   **City**       **Default          **2^nd^          **3^rd^
                             Foundation Type**  Foundation       Foundation
                                                Option**         Option**

  AK          Anchorage      Basement           \--              \--

  AL          Birmingham     Slab-on-Grade      Crawlspace       Basement

  AZ          Phoenix        Slab-on-Grade      \--              \--

  CA          Fresno         Slab-on-Grade      Crawlspace       Basement

  CA          Los Angeles    Slab-on-Grade      Crawlspace       Basement

  CA          Red Bluff      Slab-on-Grade      Crawlspace       Basement

  CA          San Diego      Slab-on-Grade      Crawlspace       Basement

  CA          San Francisco  Slab-on-Grade      Crawlspace       Basement

  CO          Denver         Basement           Crawlspace       \--

  DC          Washington     Basement           \--              \--

  FL          Jacksonville   Slab-on-Grade      \--              \--

  FL          Miami          Slab-on-Grade      \--              \--

  GA          Atlanta        Slab-on-Grade      Basement         Crawlspace

  HI          Honolulu       Slab-on-Grade      \--              \--

  ID          Boise          Basement           Crawlspace       \--

  IL          Chicago        Basement           \--              \--

  LA          Lake Charles   Slab-on-Grade      \--              \--

  MA          Boston         Basement           \--              \--

  ME          Portland       Basement           \--              \--

  MN          Minneapolis    Basement           \--              \--

  MO          Kansas City    Basement           \--              \--

  MT          Great Falls    Basement           \--              \--

  NC          Raleigh        Crawlspace         Slab-on-Grade    Basement

  ND          Bismarck       Basement           \--              \--

  NE          Omaha          Basement           \--              \--

  NM          Albuquerque    Slab-on-Grade      \--              \--

  NV          Las Vegas      Slab-on-Grade      Crawlspace       \--

  NV          Reno           Slab-on-Grade      Crawlspace       \--

  NY          Buffalo        Basement           \--              \--

  NY          New York City  Basement           Slab-on-Grade    \--

  OH          Dayton         Basement           Slab-on-Grade    Crawlspace

  OK          Oklahoma City  Slab-on-Grade      \--              \--

  OR          Medford        Crawlspace         Basement         \--

  OR          Portland       Crawlspace         Basement         \--

  PA          Philadelphia   Basement           \--              \--

  PA          Pittsburgh     Basement           \--              \--

  SC          Charleston     Crawlspace         Slab-on-Grade    \--

  TN          Memphis        Crawlspace         Basement         Slab-on-Grade

  TN          Nashville      Crawlspace         Basement         Slab-on-Grade

  TX          Brownsville    Slab-on-Grade      \--              \--

  TX          El Paso        Slab-on-Grade      \--              \--

  TX          Fort Worth     Slab-on-Grade      \--              \--

  TX          San Antonio    Slab-on-Grade      \--              \--

  UT          Salt Lake City Basement           \--              \--

  VT          Burlington     Basement           \--              \--

  WA          Seattle        Basement           Crawlspace       \--

  WI          Madison        Basement           \--              \--

  WY          Cheyenne       Basement           \--              \--

  ON          Toronto        Basement           \--              \--

  PQ          Montreal       Basement           \--              \--

  AB          Edmonton       Basement           \--              \--

  NS          Halifax        Basement           \--              \--
  ----------- -------------- ------------------ ---------------- ----------------

## 5.3. Simulation Envelope Insulation Values

Table 6-3. RESFEN 3.1 New Construction Insulation Values (Default fndn.
in bold.) (Council of American Building Officials, 1993)

  ---- -------------- ------ ----- ----- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
  ST   City           MEC    Pkg   Glz % Window    Ceil.\    Wall\     Floor\    Basement   Slab\     Crawl.\
                      Zone   \#          U-value   R-value   R-value   R-value   R-value    R-value   R-value

  AK   Anchorage      17     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **30**     \--       \--

  AL   Birmingham     6      4     15    0.700     38        14        19        6          **6**     7

  AZ   Phoenix        3      3     15    0.900     30        11        11        \--        **0**     \--

  CA   Fresno         6      4     15    0.700     38        14        19        6          **6**     7

  CA   Los Angeles    4      2     15    0.750     26        11        11        5          **0**     5

  CA   Red Bluff      6      4     15    0.700     38        14        19        6          **6**     7

  CA   San Diego      3      3     15    0.900     30        11        11        0          **0**     5

  CA   San Francisco  6      4     15    0.700     38        14        19        6          **6**     7

  CO   Denver         13     2     15    0.400     38        19        26        **11**     \--       22

  DC   Washington     10     3     15    0.550     38        19        19        **9**      \--       \--

  FL   Jacksonville   3      3     15    0.900     30        11        11        \--        **0**     \--

  FL   Miami          1      2     15    1.100     19        11        11        \--        **0**     \--

  GA   Atlanta        7      4     15    0.650     38        19        13        5          **2**     6

  HI   Honolulu       1      2     15    1.100     19        11        11        \--        **0**     \--

  ID   Boise          12     3     15    0.400     38        19        19        **9**      \--       14

  IL   Chicago        14     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **14**     \--       \--

  LA   Lake Charles   4      2     15    0.750     26        11        11        \--        **0**     \--

  MA   Boston         13     2     15    0.400     38        19        26        **11**     \--       \--

  ME   Portland       15     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **15**     \--       \--

  MN   Minneapolis    15     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **15**     \--       \--

  MO   Kansas City    11     3     15    0.450     38        19        19        **8**      \--       \--

  MT   Great Falls    15     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **15**     \--       \--

  NC   Raleigh        7      4     15    0.650     38        19        13        5          2         **6**

  ND   Bismarck       16     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **28**     \--       \--

  NE   Omaha          13     2     15    0.400     38        19        26        **11**     \--       \--

  NM   Albuquerque    9      3     15    0.600     38        19        19        \--        **3**     \--

  NV   Las Vegas      5      3     15    0.700     30        14        11        \--        **0**     6

  NV   Reno           12     3     15    0.400     38        19        19        \--        **4**     14

  NY   Buffalo        14     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **14**     \--       \--

  NY   New York City  10     3     15    0.550     38        19        19        **9**      5         \--

  OH   Dayton         12     3     15    0.400     38        19        19        **9**      4         14

  OK   Oklahoma City  8      3     15    0.650     38        19        19        \--        **2**     \--

  OR   Medford        11     3     15    0.450     38        19        19        8          \--       **12**

  OR   Portland       10     3     15    0.550     38        19        19        9          \--       **16**

  PA   Philadelphia   10     3     15    0.550     38        19        19        **9**      \--       \--

  PA   Pittsburgh     12     3     15    0.400     38        19        19        **9**      \--       \--

  SC   Charleston     5      3     15    0.700     30        14        11        \--        0         **6**

  TN   Memphis        7      4     15    0.650     38        19        13        5          2         **6**

  TN   Nashville      8      3     15    0.650     38        19        19        7          2         **8**

  TX   Brownsville    2      2     15    1.100     19        13        11        \--        **0**     \--

  TX   El Paso        6      4     15    0.700     38        14        19        \--        **6**     \--

  TX   Fort Worth     5      3     15    0.700     30        14        11        \--        **0**     \--

  TX   San Antonio    4      2     15    0.750     26        11        11        \--        **0**     \--

  UT   Salt Lake City 12     3     15    0.400     38        19        19        **9**      \--       \--

  VT   Burlington     15     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **15**     \--       \--

  WA   Seattle        10     3     15    0.550     38        19        19        **9**      \--       16

  WI   Madison        15     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **15**     \--       \--

  WY   Cheyenne       15     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **15**     \--       \--

  ON   Toronto        16     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **28**     \--       \--

  PQ   Montreal       16     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **28**     \--       \--

  AB   Edmonton       16     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **28**     \--       \--

  NS   Halifax        16     3     15    0.400     38        19        30        **28**     \--       \--
  ---- -------------- ------ ----- ----- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------

Table 7-4. RESFEN 3.1 Existing Construction Insulation Values.
(Ritschard, et. al. 1992)

  ------- -------------- --------- ---------- ----------- --------- ----------- --------- -------------
  State   City           Window    Ceiling\   Wall\       Floor\    Basement\   Slab\     Crawlspace\
                         U-value   R-value    R-value     R-value   R-value     R-value   R-value

  AK      Anchorage      0.650     22         7           0         0           0         0

  AL      Birmingham     0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  AZ      Phoenix        0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  CA      Fresno         1.100     11         7           0         0           0         0

  CA      Los Angeles    1.100     11         7           0         0           0         0

  CA      Red Bluff      1.100     11         7           0         0           0         0

  CA      San Diego      1.100     11         7           0         0           0         0

  CA      San Francisco  1.100     11         7           0         0           0         0

  CO      Denver         0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  DC      Washington     0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  FL      Jacksonville   0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  FL      Miami          0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  GA      Atlanta        0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  HI      Honolulu       0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  ID      Boise          0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  IL      Chicago        0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  LA      Lake Charles   0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  MA      Boston         0.650     22         7           0         0           0         0

  ME      Portland       0.650     22         7           0         0           0         0

  MN      Minneapolis    0.650     22         7           0         0           0         0

  MO      Kansas City    0.650     22         7           0         0           0         0

  MT      Great Falls    0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  NC      Raleigh        0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  ND      Bismarck       0.650     22         7           0         0           0         0

  NE      Omaha          0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  NM      Albuquerque    0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  NV      Las Vegas      0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  NV      Reno           0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  NY      Buffalo        0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  NY      New York City  0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  OH      Dayton         0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  OK      Oklahoma City  0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  OR      Medford        0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  OR      Portland       0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  PA      Philadelphia   0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  PA      Pittsburgh     0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  SC      Charleston     0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  TN      Memphis        0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  TN      Nashville      0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  TX      Brownsville    0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  TX      El Paso        0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  TX      Fort Worth     0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  TX      San Antonio    0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  UT      Salt Lake City 0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  VT      Burlington     0.650     22         7           0         0           0         0

  WA      Seattle        0.650     19         7           0         0           0         0

  WI      Madison        0.650     22         7           0         0           0         0

  WY      Cheyenne       0.650     11         7           0         0           0         0

  ON      Toronto        0.650     22         7           0         0           0         0

  PQ      Montreal       0.650     22         7           0         0           0         0

  AB      Edmonton       0.650     22         7           0         0           0         0

  NS      Halifax        0.650     22         7           0         0           0         0
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