Consumer complaint received 2021-03-23
Company: SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL
State: CA
Product: Credit reporting, credit repair services, or other personal consumer reports
Sub-product: Credit reporting
Issue: Problem with a credit reporting company's investigation into an existing problem
Sub-issue: Their investigation did not fix an error on your report

Complaint:
Synchrony Bank and XXXX  continue to allow negative report on credit report despite existing case law pertaining to an FCRA violation due to existence of 1099-C. See : Civil No. XXXX,XX/XX/XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX, Plaintiff, v. SYNCHRONY BANK, and XXXX  XXXX XXXX , XXXX., Defendants. 

Source : XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX In XXXX, Synchrony Bank issued me a 1099-C because they had cancelled the amount owing on a credit account. However Synchrony Bank continued to report negatively to XXXX  about the loan they had cancelled. Despite disputes to XXXX  regarding this matter, the negative report remains on my credit report even though I was issued a 1099-C. 

Per case law this matter was taken to federal court on the following merits by the Plaintiff whose situation matches my own : On XX/XX/XXXX, XXXX issued Plaintiff a " Cancellation of Debt '' 1099-C informational tax form. On the form, XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXcause of a decision or a defined policy of the creditor to discontinue collection activity and cancel the debt. '' Synchrony submitted the 1099-C to the Internal Revenue Service ( " IRS '' ), which generally requires the debtor to report the discharged debt as taxable income. Plaintiff alleges he paid taxes on the discharged debt.

After issuing the 1099-C to Plaintiff, Synchrony continued to report the outstanding balance to the CRAs, and thus the credit card debt remained on Plaintiff 's credit reports. On XX/XX/XXXX, Plaintiff wrote to Defendant XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX  ( " XXXX '' ) to dispute the accuracy of the outstanding balance. Plaintiff alleges that XXXX  notified XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXritten dispute. XXXX  replied to Plaintiff that XXXX had verified the accuracy of the information. The outstanding balance remained on Plaintiff 's credit reports. 

On XX/XX/XXXX, Plaintiff sued Synchrony for willfully or negligently violating 15 U.S.C. 1681s-2 ( b ) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act ( " FCRA '' ). Plaintiff alleges that Synchrony canceled Plaintiff 's debt, and thus, Synchrony 's continued reporting of Plaintiff 's outstanding debt to the CRAs is inaccurate. Plaintiff further alleges that Synchrony failed to investigate his dispute in failing to review underlying account information and failing to contact Plaintiff or third parties. Plaintiff alleges Synchrony 's continued and erroneous reporting of an outstanding balance on his account harmed Plaintiff 's credit history and creditworthiness. 

On XX/XX/XXXX, XXXX filed a 12 ( b ) ( 6 ) motion to dismiss because it claims the furnished information was accurate, thus precluding a violation under 15 U.S.C. 1681s-2 ( b ). ( Doc. 13, p. 7. ) Synchrony argues that issuing a 1099-C merely charges off the account and does not discharge the underlying debt. ( Id., p. 1. ) In Plaintiff 's complaint and brief opposing the motion to dismiss, Plaintiff asserts several facts to support that the debt was in fact canceled. The 1099-C form Synchrony issued Plaintiff is itself called " Cancellation of Debt. '' The identifiable event code Synchrony selected indicated it was the decision or policy of the creditor to discontinue collection and cancel the debt. After issuing the 1099-C, Synchrony subsequently discontinued efforts to collect the debt and stopped sending periodic account notices. 

The parties dispute whether the court should consider Plaintiff 's opposition brief because it was filed seven days late. The court finds that the late filing did not substantively delay the case or prejudice Synchrony. Furthermore, the Third Circuit has " repeatedly stated [ its ] preference that cases be disposed of on the merits whenever practicable. '' XXXX XXXX. XXXX XXXX., XXXX XXXX.XXXX XXXX, XXXX ( XXXX XXXX. XXXX ). Here, by analogy, the court prefers to consider Plaintiff 's arguments rather than to disregard them on procedural grounds. Moving forward, Plaintiff 's counsel must use greater care in calendaring. Plaintiff is also warned that, in the future, filing a motion with " uncontested '' in its title without including a certificate of concurrence will result in the motion being stricken. See M.D. Pa. L.R. 7.1. 

The motion has been fully briefed and is thus ripe for review. 

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW To survive a motion to dismiss under Rule 12 ( b ) ( 6 ), the plaintiff must allege " factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged. '' Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 ( XXXX ) ( citing Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544 ( XXXX ) ). " When reviewing a 12 ( b ) ( 6 ) motion, we 'accept as true all well-pled factual allegations in the complaint and all reasonable inferences that can be drawn from them. ' '' XXXX XXXX XXXX  by XXXX v. XXXX  XXXX  XXXX., XXXX. , -- - F. App'x -- --, XXXX WL 4187372, at *3 ( 3d Cir. XX/XX/XXXX) ( quoting Taksir v. Vanguard Grp., 903 F.3d 95, 96-97 ( 3d Cir. XX/XX/XXXX ) ). The facts alleged must be " construed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. '' In re Ins. Brokerage Antitrust Litig., 618 F.3d 300, 314 ( 3d Cir. XX/XX/XXXX ) ( internal quotations, brackets, and ellipses omitted ). But " [ t ] he court is not required to draw unreasonable inferences '' from the facts. 5B Charles A. Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice & Procedure 1357 ( 3d ed. XX/XX/XXXX ).

The Third Circuit has detailed a three-step process to determine whether a complaint meets the pleading standard. Bistrian v. Levi, 696 F.3d 352 ( 3d Cir. XX/XX/XXXX ). First, the court outlines the elements a plaintiff must plead to state a claim for relief. Id. at 365. Second, the court must " peel away those allegations that are no more than conclusions and thus not entitled to the assumption of truth. '' Id. Third, the court " look [ s ] for well-pled factual allegations, assume [ s ] their veracity, and then 'determine [ s ] whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement to relief. ' '' Id. ( quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 679 ). The last step is " a context-specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense. '' Id. 

III. DISCUSSION " Congress enacted the FCRA in XXXX to ensure fair and accurate credit reporting, promote efficiency in the banking system, and protect consumer privacy. In doing so, Congress sought to preserve the consumer 's privacy in the information maintained by consumer reporting agencies. '' Gelman v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 583 F.3d 187, 191 ( 3d Cir. XXXX ) ( internal quotation marks omitted ). Once notified of a dispute, a furnisher of credit information has statutory duties, inter alia, to investigate the disputed information and to correct information found to be inaccurate. 15 U.S.C. 1681s-2 ( b ) ( 1 ). To establish a violation [ u ] nder the statutory framework and clear language of the statute, therefore, a consumer must first alert the credit reporting agency that reported the allegedly erroneous information of a dispute. It is then up to the reporting agency to inform the furnisher of information that there has been a dispute, thereby triggering the furnisher 's duty to investigate. It is only when the furnisher fails to undertake a reasonable investigation following such notice that it may become liable to a private litigant under 1681s-2 ( b ).

SimmsParris v. Countrywide Fin. Corp., 652 F.3d 355, 359 ( 3d Cir. XXXX ). 
Reasonableness of the investigation is determined based on a balancing of " the potential harm from inaccuracy against the burden of safeguarding against such inaccuracy. '' XXXX v. XXXX  XXXX., 744 F.3d 853, 865 ( 3d Cir. XXXX ) ( internal citation omitted ). Regarding the requirement of " accurate '' information, " even if the information is technically correct, it may nonetheless be inaccurate if, through omission, it creates a materially misleading impression. '' Id. ( internal quotation marks and brackets omitted ). To survive this motion to dismiss, Plaintiff must plausibly allege " ( 1 ) that he notified a credit reporting agency of the dispute under 1681i, ( 2 ) that the credit reporting agency notified the party who furnished the information under 1681i ( a ) ( 2 ), and ( 3 ) that the party who furnished the information failed to investigate or rectify the disputed charge .... '' XXXX  v. XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX., 815 F. Supp. 2d 856, 863-64 ( E.D. Pa. XXXX ) ( internal citation and brackets omitted ).

Here, Synchrony does not argue that Plaintiff failed to plead any of the required elements. Rather, Synchrony argues that Plaintiff 's claim can not succeed unless the information was in fact inaccurate or materially misleading. See Chiang v. Verizon New England , Inc., 595 F.3d 26, 38 ( 1st Cir. XXXX ) ( holding that a plaintiff must show " actual inaccuracy '' to establish a claim against a furnisher of credit information under 15 U.S.C. 1681s-2 ( b ) ). Synchrony claims its report was accurate and that it did not cancel Plaintiff 's debt by issuing the 1099-C. Synchrony argues that issuance of the 1099-C does not, as a matter of law, discharge the underlying debt. ( Doc. 13, p. 4. ) The parties cite non-binding and conflicting case law regarding the legal import of issuing a 1099-C. Synchrony cites cases holding that the issuance and filing of a 1099-C does not legally extinguish the underlying debt. See e.g., In re Zilka, 407 B.R. 684, 689 XXXX XXXX XXXX. Pa. XXXX ) ; XXXX  v. XXXX, 67 F. App'x 253, 2003 WL 21196200, at *3 ( 5th Cir. XX/XX/XXXX ) ; Fed. Deposit Ins. Corp. v. XXXX, No. 1:11-CV-72, 2012 WL 1098619, at *7 ( W.D.N.C. XX/XX/XXXX ) ; United States v. Reed, No. 3:09-CV-210, XXXX WL 3656001, at *2-3 ( E.D. Tenn. XX/XX/XXXX ) ; XXXX XXXX. XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX. , XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX ( XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX ). Still other courts found that the mere issuance of the XXXX form does not constitute a legal admission that the debt was canceled. See XXXXi v. XXXX XXXX XXXX of Pa., 135 A.3d 616, 621 ( Pa. Super. Ct. XXXX ) ; XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX, XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX ( XXXX XXXX XXXX ). 

Supporting Synchrony 's position, the plain language of the applicable IRS regulation states that a creditor may be obligated to file a 1099-C even if the creditor did not in fact discharge the debt. On the form, the creditor must select an " identifiable event, '' the date of which becomes the effective date for the discharge of indebtedness for purposes of the informational report. 26 C.F.R. 1.6050P-1 ( b ). The IRS issued guidance to clarify that the IRS " does not view the 1099-C as an admission by the creditor that it has discharged the debt and can no longer pursue collection. '' I.R.S. Info. Letter, XXXX ( XXXX XXXX, XXXX ). 


Courts disagree whether the issuance of a 1099-C should be considered prima facie evidence that a loan was in fact canceled. See In re XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX ( XXXX XXXX XXXX ) ( holding that issuance of the 1099-C should " not be considered prima facie evidence that the loan was cancelled '' ) ; XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX ( XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX ) ( holding that issuance of the 1099-C after debt was written off is prima facie evidence that debt had been discharged by creditor and is sufficient to create an issue of fact ). 

Other courts have held that it would be inequitable for creditors to continue to hold debtors liable for the debt, given the tax consequences of the 1099-C. See e.g., In re Crosby , 261 BR 470, 474 ( Bankr. D. Kan. XXXX  ). The 1099-C issuance negatively impacts debtors because they must generally report the debt discharge as income. See Franklin Credit Mgmt. Corp. v. Nicholas, No. CV980546721S, 2001 WL 893894, *3 ( Conn. Super. Ct. XX/XX/XXXX ). This matter of equity is raised in this case where Plaintiff alleged paying taxes on the cancelled debt.

Significantly, none of the cases held that it was appropriate for a court to dismiss a consumer 's claim at the pleading stage on the basis that the 1099-C did not discharge the debt as a matter of law. In fact, after holding that the 1099-C should not be prima facie evidence the loan was canceled, the court in In re Washington stated that it must instead look to the entire record to determine if the creditor canceled the debt. In re Washington, 581 B.R. at 157. In the pleading stage of the present case, Plaintiff need not prove but merely plead plausibly that the report was in fact inaccurate and that Synchrony failed to reasonably investigate the written dispute of the report 's accuracy and to correct inaccuracies, as required under 15 U.S.C. 1681s-2 ( b ). 

The XX/XX/XXXX of Kentucky in Johnson v. Branch Banking & Trust Co. arrived at a similar conclusion in denying a motion to dismiss raised by creditor bank where plaintiff consumers brought a 1681s-2 ( b ) claim. No. 3:18-CV-150, 2018 WL 4492478, *2 ( W.D. Ky. XX/XX/XXXX ). The Johnson parties argued whether the 1099-C canceled the debt, but the court found it unnecessary to adopt either opposing view of the form 's effect, since at the motion to dismiss stage, the court analyzes the plausibility of the pleadings rather than the weight of the evidence. Id. at *2-3. Even though the issuance of the 1099-C standing alone does not prove that the debt was discharged as a matter of law, the debt in fact may have been discharged.

Here, Plaintiff pleaded several facts that reasonably permit an inference that the debt was in fact discharged : the name of the issued " Cancellation of Debt '' 1099-C form, the identifiable event code selected on the form, and the creditor 's activities regarding collection efforts and periodic account notices. Whether the debt was canceled is a factual, context-specific inquiry. Thus, the fact that the 1099-C does not cancel debt as a matter of law is an improper basis for a 12 ( b ) ( 6 ) disposition. Taking the allegations in the complaint to be true and drawing all reasonable inferences in favor of the plaintiff, the court finds that Plaintiff has plausibly pleaded that Synchrony failed to reasonably investigate and rectify the disputed balance. IV. CONCLUSION Plaintiff stated an FCRA claim under 15 U.S.C. 1681s-2 ( b ) that is plausible on its face. The court therefore denies Synchrony 's motion to dismiss. An appropriate order shall follow.

s/XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX United States District Judge Dated : XX/XX/XXXX XX/XX/XXXX

Company public response: Company has responded to the consumer and the CFPB and chooses not to provide a public response
Company response to consumer: Closed with explanation