BEE-spoke-data/bees-v0 huggingface dataset:
In the arts, as well as in the commercial field, beeswas is an important article, and the bekeeper will do well to save even the smallest particles and melt them up at his leisure.
The original method of rendering was was by aid of the solar was-extractor first used in California in 1802; and while still used to a certain extent by some, has been replaced by was presses using steam or boiling water, for a larger percentage of wax can thereby be secured, especially in the case of old combs.
There are many, presses made for this purpose, the best of which is the Hatch Gamil, which can be procured from the various supply houses.
The old combs are placed in seles (feed sacks will do), boiled for a while and then put into the press under pressure.
A small elder-press answers very well and in principle is similar to the press referred to. Even a hard press may do good service, provided the old combs are properly buried.
There will probably never be a surplus of beeswas. On the market, as its use is essential in the sciences and arts, and no satisfactory substitute has yet been found.
I am amazed at the great loss of beeswas to some beekeepers who do not render it properly, as nearly twelve per cent, so often it is the slum gum which is thrown out as waste. This accounts for the many advertisements in bee journals where careful beekeepers seek to buy slum gum; they are able to extract a large amount of was from it, even after the average man has thrown it aside as worthless.
The main thing to be followed in getting it all is to steam and re-steam the mass of old combs, and to have a press with sufficient pressure to get it all as far as possible. Of course there will be left in the slum gum, even after careful render
## Chapter 11 Honey-Plants
_"Heaside the Little for two aspects on a lattice theory,"_
_"I start before hears all the development ever obtaining devices._
There is no section of the country in which agricultural questions are carried on where becoming can be made very profitable. It is a mistake to suppose that the surrounding neighbor-bound must be aidable if ebever, lackbever or possessed, for there are many unexpected sources even in universable localities from which the busy hears will preserve a good surplus for their sources.
The advantage of favorable location simply means that the lackbever can potentially maintain a greater number of colonies in a given place. Where the bloom is not exhausted, to make here keeping a success theorem will have to resort to the system of ant quiaries, mentioned elsewhere in this book.
Very little if any money is secured as a surplus from the early print bloom, as well as these use this mainly in raising them, we be readily for the clearer flows, so that the chances form, with basousousment, the main sources of the early and all those flows. In some localities the worst hash clever is, a very important source of honey and should not be cut down as a weed, as in troublesive interior for a considerable length of time.
The development of the red silver strain of bees now makes it possible to secure a large return 080.
## Chapter 7 Marketing Honey
"A repeated is not without home stick in the time country"
for us offly to the technology who profines a choice article.
The question of disposing of the season's product is an important one, and upon its proper handling still hinge the question of profit. Except in the case of the honey producer whose product runs up into the tons and who for this reason will find it more convenient to ship his homes direct to commission merchants in the large cities. I should say by all means sell your money to the local trade, and if a really first-class grade of well-ripened honey is produced, no trouble will be experienced in disposing of it at most prices.
Many grosters in nearby towns will be glad to handle it on consumption, and where this is not possible, a house-to-house can be made with satisfactory results.
Comb-home will of course be sold by the section-but in the case of estreated honey, an attractive bottle will be necessary. For this purpose I know of nothing better than the ordinary quart glass jar, as the jar is useful to the purchaser even after the honey is used.
A nice white-label with photo-reproduction of the apiary on it, with owner's name and address, and a statement that it is pure honey, will completely fill the requirements.
It will be necessary to see that the extracted CUNUNIC N11H
MARREUTing HONEY
_-A project is an software software code in the literature among"_
_Execute and offer to the foreign role problem at a foreign entity._
The question of disputing at the seasons's product is an important issue and upon its "paper handling" soil phase the question of profit. Except in the case of the homes producer whose profulers are up into the tens and this role is crucial. It is not convenient to slip this license directly to commission instructions in the large cities. I should say by all means sell your homes to the local trade, and it is really first-clclasse grade of self-expressed homes is prohibited in trouble with be experienced in this "tuning" of it at most prices.
Many observers in nearby towns will be glad to handle it on equipment, and where this is not possible, a house house combines consumers can be made with satisfactory results.
Combined-hours will of course be said by the exception that in the case of extraterised homes, a surface, like he could sell the necessary. For this purpose I have of nothing better than the ordinary smart city, like just as the air is used to the purchaser even after the house is used.
Since white label with photo-reproduction or the air is not, with another "s unique and address", and a statement that is pure homes will completely fill the requirements.
It will be necessary to see that the extracted "non".
honey is well strained and clear; heating it to, say, \(43^{\circ}\), and keeping it there for; three hours before bottling, will prevent its granulation for a considerable period. In heating it be very careful not to get it too hot, as that would spoil the delicate aroma of the honey.
Much depends upon the individual in the matter of selling honey to the local trade, and no rule can be laid down for everybody.
I know on the beleeleeber whose method is to go to nearby towns with a large can of extracted honey. He rings the door-held and when the lady of the house appears he beliped informs her that he is giving away a sample of fine, pure honey, and if she will kindly bring a dish he will be pleased to have her try some. The offer is seldom refused, and a half-teacquell of honey is left at each home.
The following day, or later the same day, he returns and requires if the honey was good, and if so would be pleased to take an order for a quartz, gallon, or as much as will be desired; and he nearly always makes a sale. The honey is delivered in a day or two with his address on the package, and it is something how many subsequent orders come to him by mail.
Another beleeber goes among the offices of the larger towns, and has a little frame of honey and live bees in a glass-sided case with wire screen on top; and in this way he attracts attention and disposes of thousands of pounds every season, as many people appreciate the novelty of buying honey for the family direct from the beleeber.
Still others bottle their honey in one-bound jars, two dozen in a case, and supply the recoveries; and experience no difficulty in setting about sizes per dozen jars for them, as they retail for sieve-five cents per board jar.
If, however, you feel that you are no salesman, then send your honey in bulk to the commission merchant in the cities, packing your own-honey in cases (bratished by the supply houses) having corrugated paper in the bottom of each case to prevent breakage of combs.
When selling at wholesale, the best package is the regular sixty-spond can for extracted honey, two of which come in a case: the honey is more easily handled by the buyer when in this shape. As these cents are somewhat expensive, many producers of extracted honey pack their honey in the little keys holding one hundred and sixty pounds, which were mentioned in the interior of this book.
Under no circumstances pack your honey in old cans or kegs unless they have been thoroughly cleansed or you will have a lot of fermented honey to take back; and see that none of the packages leak before shipping.
If any colonies have died, put their combs away from robber bees; and if any of such combs are heavy with honey, they may be used to slip into the broad nest of any that are short of stores.
As the bees are now gathering much pollen and some honey, they are rearing considerable brood, and if they have not sufficient food are created strength of the colonies fed will be astonishing.
It any colony is quenclass, remedy it at once by buying a new queen, or else by giving it a frame of young eggs from a strong colony, for this is a condition that should not be continued.
Max-Colones are building up rapidly now, and, unless measures are taken to prevent it, swarms may be looked for from the strong ones the latter part of the month.
Don't be in a hurry to put on the supers; better wait a while unless the condition of the colonies demands it to prevent swarming.
Juse--While some swarms will emerge during May, yet it can be said without contradiction that this is the great swarming month of the year.
Put on the supers, as many as are needed, for the clover flow will soon begin and happy is the becekeeper who has an abundance of such.
Enlarge the entrances of the hives, cut out all queen cells and give added storage room as indicated, and swarming can be kept within reasonable bounds.
Juse--About the middle or last of this month the clover flow will be over; and it is best to remove the surplus as soon as sealed, so as to keep it separate from the dark, fall honey that begins to come in during August.
With the end of the early flow look out for robbers, as these bees are alert to poince down upon any hive that is opened even for a very few seconds.
Aceust--For the majority of beekeepers, it can be safely said that there is little or no honey If any conjuncts have diceful one their counts says from rubber hees; and if any of such counts are heavy with honey, they may be used to slip into the broad rest of any that are short of stores.
When--as the hees are now gathering much pollen and some honey, they are rearing considerable broad, and if they have not sufficient food.
If any conjuncts have diceful one their counts says from rubber hees; and if any of such counts are heavy with honey, they may be used to slip into the broad rest of any that are short of stores.
Does it be in a hurry to put on the supers; better wait a while, unless the condition of the conjuncts is mucha to prevent swarming.
Jvse--While some swarms will emerge during May, yet it can be said without contradiction that this is the great swarming month of the year.
Put on the supers, as many as are needed, for the closer flow will soon begin and happy is the hekeeper who has an abundance of such.
Enlarge the entrances of the hives, cut out all queen cells and give alld storage count as indicated, and swarming can be kept within reasonable hundreds.
Jvse--Mount the middle or last of this month at still meant a light honey surprise later on, as there will not be a sufficient working force to enter it.
For this reason it is a decided attendance to give them stimulative feel, using the air with perforated cap referred to in the chapter on Spring Manipulation; there is no better all-somed feeler in existence, and my one can quickly make one.
Feed about a half-night of syrup every might for a month, and the results accomplished in the increased strength of the conjuncts led will be astonishing.
It may colony is queenless, remotely it at once by having a new queen, or else by giving it a frame of young eggs from a strong colony, for this is a condition that should not be combined.
Mux-colonies are building up rapidly now, and, unless measures are taken to prevent it, swarms may be looked for from the strong ones, the latter part of the month.
Don't he in a hurry to put on the supers; better wait a while, unless the condition of the conjuncts is mucha to prevent swarming.
Put on the supers, as many as are needed, for the closer flow will soon begin and happy is the hekeeper who has an abundance of such,
Jvse--Mount the middle or last of this month the closer flow will be never, and it is lost to remove the surplus as soon as selected, so as to keep it separate from the dark, full honey that begins to come in during August.
With the end of the early five look until for robbers, as these bees are alert to bounce down, upon any hive that is opened even for a very few seconds.
Jvse--For the majority of hekeepers, it can be safely said that there is little or no honey gathered by the bees until the goldenrod, asters or other fall flowers come on.
In localities where backhever is extensively grown. August is the best season of the year for the beekeeper, as his early expectation of this late flow has permitted him to strengthen his weak colonies on the early flows so as to have them in prime condition now for this almost unfailing crop.
It is the pracise of progressive beekeepers to reinveen all of their colonies, during August, for by so doing each colony comes to the following spring headed by a vigorous layer, and the chances of swarming are greatly lessened by having young queens at the head of each colony.
In some sections of the country this is a busy month for the bees, especially if there is much fall bloom. The latter part of this month is the time to feed up colonies for the winter, as they will then take up feed much better than later on, although it is the pracise of many beekeepers to wait until the fall flow is entirely over in October.
Cromas.--Very little honey is now being gathered in the North, and for that reason the extraction, using and only supers has better be taken off; so that the bees can store what little may be gathered, in the brood nest for winter. After extracting, be careful to put the combs in a safe place from the bee-month, also from mice; and until freezing weather sets in it will be wise to examine them occasionally.
Cromas.--Prepare your colonies for wintering. It vittered outdoors, put on their "winter overcoasts."
The last of the month remove them to the cellar, if witnessed indorsors: doing so late in the afternoon.
I'm soon havevi@s disposal of your honey crop before now, make haste to do so,--especially before the holidays. Read the chapter on Marketing Honey, and then get busy at once. Look over the bee journals, evenings, and plan for a better year. Also figure up profit or loss and know just how you stand: don't guess at things.
Concluding words: Solomon has said, "Of making many books there is no end; and much study is a weariness of the flesh." Whether the perusal of this brief treatise has proved everything to the reader I do not know; but one thing I do know.--its writing has been an unalloyed pleasure.
I could have made it many times larger, but I question whether it would have been better. The plans and devices I have urged are the result of
BRTISH BE-KEEPER's
PRACTICAL NOTE-BOOK
followed by a description of
THE 'W. B. C' HIVE AND how to make it, a HOME-MAUE HIVE FROM USED HOXES, how to build a BEE HOUSE, AND SHORT RULES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MOVEABLE-COMI IIIVES.
THOS, WM. COWAN, F.L.S., F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc.
_Chaizunia Bertias Bee-Keepers' Association :_
_Edifico of 'British New Journal,'_
_Artifor of'The Heavy Rec - Its Natural History, January, and Physiology,'_
_' The British Buckowicz' Guide-Guide,'_
_' Fund Broad and Its Treatment,'_ _Bikes and their Management,'_
_' Interacting Beys,'_ _Donching and Storifying,'_
_' How to make an Extractor and Followers Smokor,'_
_' Meunier of the British Association for the Advancement of Science,'_
_However Member of several Reinforces' Associations in Europe and America, etc._
**Third Edition.**
London:
Madgwick, Houlston, & Co., Ltd., 4 Ave Maria Lane,
British Bee Journal & Bee-keepers' Record' Office,
_'_ 8 Henrietta Street, Covent Garien, W.C._
_AR Right Keepoor,_
When a bee-keeper has only a few stocks of bees, and these are kept for amusement, it matters very little whether he keeps a note-book or not; but when a large number of bees are kept for profit, it is absolutely necessary that accurate entries be made of all observations and operations. There being no satisfactory note-book to assist the bee-keeper in this work, the following Tables have been arranged in the hope that they may supply a long-felt want, frequently expressed to the author. There are sufficient Tables for one year's entries in a large apiary, and the moderate price at which this Note-book is issued will place it within the reach of every bee-keeper. To those who are in a position to do so, it would greatly assist the science if they would record observations with respect to the weather, and for this purpose Tables I. and II. will be found useful. At present very little is known as to the relation of the secretion of nectar in plants in regard to the weather, and if reliable statistics from various districts could be collected for a number of years, the laws regulating the production of honey might be discovered.
Most of the other Tables are so simple as to require no explanation.
Chapters on making hives and bee-houses have been added in this edition in response to the frequent applications for this information.
This Note-book is intended as a pocket companion for the bee-keeper, therefore a few rules on general management of bees, such as he may require, are given at the end.
For the complete and practical management of bees in moveable-comb hives the bee-keeper is referred to the _British Bee-keeper's Guide-book_, by the same author.
## 4 I.-DAILY observations from spring to autumn.
_Month of_
## 6 L-DAILY observations from spring to autumn.
_Mon/h of_
_Year_
## General Observations.
## General Observations
## 10 I.-Daily observations from spring to autumn.
## 12 I.-Daily Observations from Spring to Autumn.
## General observations.
## 14 I.-DAILY OBSERVATIONS FROM SPRING TO AUTUMN.
egin{tabular}{c c|c|c|c|c} \hline \hline Date. & Hour. & Height of & Wind. & General account of the Weather, Ingathering & What Flowers in bloom. \ \hline \hline Date. & Hour. & egin{tabular}{c} Height of \ Barometer. \ \end{tabular} & Wind. & egin{tabular}{c} Wind. \ Weather. Ingathering \ \end{tabular} & egin{tabular}{c} General account \ of the \ \end{tabular} &
egin{tabular}{c} What \ Flowers \ in bloom. \ \end{tabular} \ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
## 2 III.-observations Respecting QUEENS.
## VIII.--Food TABLE and General Remarks on each Stook.
## VIII.--Food TABLE and General Remarks on each Stock.
_Year_Inspection.
Inspection.
( 5+ )
**THE 'W. B. C.' HIVE.**
How to Maker it.
The long-contained favour with which the live designated as above has been regarded shows no signs of decrease though more than eighteen years have passed since it was first brought to public notice. Nearly every bee-appliance maker in the kingdom pro-
The 'W. It C: Hive,
minently illustrates the 'W. B. C.' in his catalogue ; and although some makers, naturally desirous of keeping up to date, have added 'non-swarming' and various other so-called improvements,' the original more than holds its own as a live for general no. '\(\Lambda\) striking proof of this fact occurred at the 'Royal' show of the D. H. HILL LIBRARY
The author is grateful to the anonymous referee for his help.
year 1903, when the judges (one of whom was Mr. T. W. Cowan) awarded the first prize in the class for most 'complete live for general use' to the original'W. B. C.,' though staged alongside lives of the same type--and by the same makers--with 'improvements' added. Since then a'W. B. C.' live has taken first prize at the'Royal' show every year in which it has been staged.
So much for its past history. And if further corroboration of what is stated above were needed, the fact that the following particulars descriptive of the live in question have been reprinted four times, and as often sold out, surely affords it. It has therefore been decided to appeal the full details to future editions of the _Bec-keeper's Note Book_, for the use of those wishing to make the hive for themselves :--
Beginning with the _Floor-board_ (Fig. 1), the boards forming it are \(
rac{1}{2}\) in, thick, tongued and grooved where joined, and nailed on to stout battems, \(
rac{1}{2}\) in, deep by 11 in, wide. Between the points at
A on sketch it measures 20 in., and the width across is 15\(
rac{1}{3}\) in. The alighting-board projects 7 in, beyond the point A. The form of the entrance, as seen in sketch, explains itself; it is 15\(
rac{1}{3}\) in, long\(
rac{1}{2}\) in, high.
The _Outer Case_, including roof, is in three parts, the first of which is as seen (Fig. 2). The front and back boards are 15\(
rac{1}{4}\) in. long, 8\(
rac{1}{2}\) in, wide, and \(
rac{1}{2}\) in, thick. Sides, 19\( imes
rac{1}{8}\) in, of 5-in, stuff,Inside measure, when nailed up, 15 in, across the front, 10 in, from front to rear. \(\Lambda\) plinth, \(1
rac{1}{x}\) in, wide, drops \(
rac{3}{4}\) in, below the surface of floor-board to carry of wet. The slides for entrance are of \(
rac{1}{2}\)-in, wood, 10 in, long by \(1
rac{1}{4}\) in, wide, and pass through a slot cut in the outer case along the guide-piece nailed across the front, below poreh. The latter extends along the whole front, and is \(4
rac{1}{x}\) in, wide, with a groove cut in its lower edge to carry off drip.
The second portion of the outer case is simply a 'lift,' 6\(
rac{1}{2}\) in, deep, wood same thickness as lower part, and needs no explanation beyond
reference to Fig. 3. This 'lift' may be removed to reduce the height of hive for winter, but we leave it on always : it keeps off cold winds when examining hive in the early season, and forms a roomy covering for plenty of top packing, &c.
The _Loop_' is very simple, formed with a view to lightness, and being thoroughly rainproof. The sketch (Fig. 4) will make the main points in its construction plain ; for the rest, the front and back pieces are \(
rac{1}{2}\) in, thick, \(20
rac{3}{8}\) in, long, \(2
rac{1}{4}\) in, deep at ends, rising to \(3
rac{1}{4}\) in, in the centre or ridge ; sides are of \(
rac{2}{8}\)-in, stuff, \(20
rac{1}{8}\) in, long, \(2
rac{1}{4}\) in, deep. Along the lower edge of side-pieces a rabbit is cut \(
rac{3}{8} imes
rac{1}{2}\) in, deep. This allows the roof to slip over the lower portion of the outer case, and so dispense with a plinth while effectually keeping out the wet. The top of roof is of \(
rac{1}{2}\) in, wood, each piece being \(2
rac{1}{4} imes 12\) in, and they meet in the centre, the ridge-piece (of \(3 imes
rac{7}{8}\) in, stuff) being cut on the under side to cover the joint as shown, so that no water can possibly get in. The front and back roof-pieces (cut as shown on page 62) complete the outer case, and we need only add that each of the separate parts fits _easilif_ over the other--no 'tightness' anywhere so long as bees cannot cuter from outside.
The _Budly B\({}_{03^{\circ}}\)_ (Fig. 5) is \(14^{
rac{1}{2}}_{2} imes 15^{
rac{5}{8}}_{8}\) in, inside measure; it holds ten standard frames and a division-board (or dummy), along with two strips of _thin_ wool, \(
rac{3}{8}\) in, _wide_ and \(16^{
rac{1}{2}}_{2}\) in, long. The front and back boards are \(
rac{5}{8}\) in, thick, \(15^{
rac{5}{8}}_{8}\) in, long, by \(5^{
rac{1}{4}}_{4}\) in, wide; side pieces, \(1^{
rac{1}{2}}_{1}
rac{1}{1^{
rac{5}{8}}}\) in, long, \(
rac{5}{8}\) in, wide, and \(
rac{5}{8}\) in, thick; the strip of wood D (\(16^{3}_{8} imes 1^{
rac{3}{8}}_{8} imes
rac{1}{4}\) in,)ails on the outside to enclose the frame ends as shown. Prior to nailing on this strip, a piece of wood (\(
rac{5}{8} imes
rac{5}{8}\) in, full) is secured in position level with the top edge of front and back boards, along which are nailed the tin angle-pieces, forming the'metal runners' whereon the frames--fitted with 'W, B, C.' calls--work.