BEE-spoke-data/bees-v0 huggingface dataset:
If care is taken to keep each colony strong, with a good laying queen at its head, the bekeeper has little to tear from diseases to which bees are prone. It is well, however, for the bekeeper, whether the owner of lew or many colonies, to be familiar with the prevalent bee diseases; and should they appear he should be able to head them off at the very start, or better still, prevent their appearance entirely.
In all the years that I have kept bees, I have never had a diseased colony in any of my apiaries, and this is the experience of the majority of bee men.
There are some diseases like foil and black brood that are very contagious, and when once they have started precautions should be taken to prevent their spread, and this can in the majority of cases be accomplished by energetic measures.
Bees are like human beings, and if kept strong and well nontisrable by good food they will escape disease entirely.
By many-sas-This disease is more prevalent in warm climates than in cold ones, although some beekeepers, even in cold climates, have noticed once in a while a colony or two that have been affected by it; but, fortunately, it is a disease that seldom spreads in the North.
## Chapter 11 Disenses of Bees
_The time to care lost is offered into care into its own._--Tim.
If care is taken to keep each colony strong, with a good laying queen at its head, the bees deeper has little to learn from diseases to which bees are prone. It is well, however, for the bees deeper, whether the owner of view or many colonies, to be familiar with the prevalent bee diseases; and should they appear the should be able to head them off at the very start, or better still, prevent their appearance entirely.
In all the years that I have kept hees. I have never had a diseased colony in any of my apjaries, and this is the experience of the majority oil bee men.
There are some diseases like font and black broad that are very contagious, and when once they have started precautions should be taken to prevent their spread, and this can in the majority of cases be accomplished by energetic themselves.
Bees are the human beings, and if kept strong and well inearished by good find they will escape disease carriers.
Bes may stay--This disease is more prevalent in warm climates than in cold ones, although some backorders, even in cold climates, have noticed once in a while a colony or two that have been affected by it but, fortunately, it is a disease that seldom spreads in the North.
The bees affected have a black and greasy appearance, and in the early stages an occasional bee will be seen running around on the alighting board, with its abdomen swollen. Sometimes the bees will walk unsteadily with trembling in the legs, and will of their own accord leave the colony and crawd off in the grass to die.
Re-quenching the colony will often result in a cure, although in the South and West this method seems to have but little effect.
The most effective plan is to sprinkle powdered sulphur over the combs of the diseased colony, and should this fail to stop the trouble, then split the colony on, giving a "frame each to a number of strong colonies; and as the sulphur will have done its work, in spread of the disease need be feered.
First, Hospone-This was a disease to be kept when more it was found.
Second, Hospone-This was a disease to be kept when more it was found.
Blacks Bhoon-This disease, sometimes known as: it will quickly spread from hise to hive, especially if healthy sees from other colonies steal some of the infected honey from the diseased colony.
The presence of this disease is easily detected even by the beginner, as its odor is very offensive. The brood fails to hatch, while here and there are cells of sealed brood, the engnings of which are sunken and of a very dark color.
I would impress it upon the reader that he should not confuse chilled brood with foul brood, for they are not similar in any respect. (Note: The reference to chilled brood needs no further explanation than to say that it is not a disease, but a condition brought about by opening the hives when the weather is too cool; it results in loss of brood. Whatever brood is chilled is taken care of by the bees, as they will carry it out of the hives. To avoid chilled brood the bekeeper should be cautious about opening his hives in cold weather.)
To determine whether it is foul brood, take a match and stick it into the cells that are sealed and whose caps are smoken, and if the contents of the cell are ropy and stick to the match it is without doubt the real thing.
While many methods looking to a cure have been tried, the only satisfactory method seems to be to shake all the bees of the colony on to new frames with full sheets of foundation on them, using either a new five for the purpose, or one that has been thoroughly cleansed by washing with a strong solution of hot carbide-acid water.
The old combs can then be melted up for was.
and the resultant wax will more than pay for the new foundation.
Blacks Bhoon-This disease, sometimes known as: " European foul brood," differs in appearance from the American foul brood already described, and first made its appearance in this country in New York state.
The disease is seldom if ever ropy, has a watery consistency, seems to be confined entirely to the dead grub in its cell, and varies in color from a pale to a very dark brown. In foul brood the larvae after death dry up and adhere very tightly to the lower side of the cell; but in the case of black brood the dead groth never adheres to the walls of the cell.
To Mr. E. W. Alexander, of Delanson, N. X., belongs the credit of discovering a cure for the disease which many years ago devastated thousands of colonies in New York state: Each affected colony is made quencels and left so for three weeks, until all the brood has hatched; and in anticipation of a new queen the bees of the colony will clean out and polish every cell for the new queen to lay in, and thus the disease is eliminated entirely--as 1 can certify after a careful examination of the colonies so treated.
In treating diseased colonies do all the work late in the evening when no bees are flying, for should there be any robbing, the entire apiary is in danger of becoming infected.
Any towels or hive tools that have become smeared with font honey should be boiled, and if the honey is extracted it should also be boiled before being fed back.
As 1 said at the beginning of this chapter, if colonies are kept strong one need have little fear of disease.
If might say in passing that the brown and the black bees are more prone to these diseases than the yellow races, which is another argument in favor of keeping only Italian bers in the apiary.
kept out if the entrance to the hive is not deeper than a quarter of an inch.
If surplus combs are not packed away in mouse-proof boxes, mice will get after them and completely riddle them.
Sevevass.--In some localities these odoriferous little rascals are a positive nuisance, and have the set trays, properly binted, about the yard; and, after two or three are caught, the rest seem to become wise and give the apiary a wide bernthe.
Ans.--Sometimes antis will make their formales under a hive of bees and will be a nuisance to the bekeeper, but they can be gotten rid of by pouring a box on cacholic-acid solution on their nests.
Bius.--King-birds and other insectivorous birds will catch and eat a hee, and often a virgin uneven
## Chapter XIV Honey as a Food
_But heavy focuse it in good.-Proventis 24_: 13.
If the food value of honey were fully realized by our people it would oftener be found on our tables, not only during griddle-cake season but throughout the entire year. It is a known fact that honey is a predigested food, made so by the bees, and that it does not tax the digestive organs as do other sweets.
For centuries our foredienters had no other sweet save honey, but in recent times refined sugars have become so common that honey has been put to one side as luxity.
When you realize that the possession of a few colonies of bees makes it possible to produce honey at a ridiculously low cost, you can see how important it is that folds should keep bees.
It is estimated that in the United States the consumption of sugar averages about eighty pounds per capita annually, while in the British Isles the average is much greater. This shows that the human system craves sweets of some kind; and from the standpoint of health it is better in many ways that this craving should be satisfied, at least in a large measure, with honey.
It is superior to sugar in many ways, having an aroma of its own, and when used in cakes and cookies will keep them moist and fresh much longer than sugar.
Honey is a better sweet than sugar, in that it does not tax the system to throw off a lot of useless material, as perhaps not more than one two-hundredth part of it is actual waste.
The children especially crave swets to build up their rapidly developing bodies, and honey can be made to fill this need without the attendant digestive disturbances that so frequently follow free indaligence in candy and sugar.
Many of the large baking concerns use enormous quantities of honey in the making of honey cakes, and instances are known where they have kept fresh and sweet twelve years, requiring only to be placed in a damp place for a few days to restore them to their original condition.
For permission to print here the following recipes I am indebted to the courtesy of the A. I. Root Company. These recipes show that a few of the many uses to which honey may be put.
Mink's Honey Corkies.--One Tecupful extracted honey, one pilot over cream, scant teaspoonful soda, flavoring if desired. flour to make a soft dough.
Fowls' Honey Corkies.--Three teaspoonful soda dissolved in two cupils warm honey, one cupful shrotening containing salt, two teaspoonful ginger, one cupful hot water, flour sufficient to roll.
Fowls' Honey Corker Corker.--One-half cupful butter, three-quarters cupful honey, one-third cupful apple jelly or boiled cider, two eggs well beaten, one teaspoonful soda, one teaspoonful each of cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg, one teacupful each of raxiisms and dried currants. Warm the butter, honey and apple jelly slightly, add the beaten eggs, then the soda dissolved in a little warm water; add spices and flour enough to make a stiff batter, then stir in the fruit and bake in a slow oven. Keep in a covered jar several weeks before using.
Fowls' Honey Lave Care.--Two-thirds cupful butter, one cupful honey, three eggs beaten, one-half cupful milk. Cream the honey and butter together, then add the eggs and milk. Then add two cupfuls flour containing one and one-half teaspoonful soda plusking powder previously stirred in. Then stir in flour to make a stiff batter. Bake in jelly-tins. When the cakes are cold, take finely flavored candied honey, and after creaming it spread between layers.
Ginger Honey Cake.--One cupful honey, one-half cupful butter or dripings, one teaspoonful boiled cider, in half a cupful oil hot water (or one-half cupful somit milk wild to instead). Warm these ingredients together, and then add one teaspoonful soda sifted in with flour enough to make a soft batter. Bake in a flat pan.
Honey Apple Butlers.--One gallon good cooking apples, one quarnt honey, one quart honey vin-egar, one heaping teaspoonful ground cinnamon. Cook several hours, stirring often to prevent burning. If the vinegar is very strong, use part water.
Honey Corker on Corkes.--Without Sugar or Moasses.--Two cupful honey, one cupful butter, four eggs (mix well), one could bustermille (mix), one good quartz butter, one level teaspoonful soda or saleratus. If it is too thin, stir in a little more flour. If too thin it will fall. It does not want to be as thin as sugar cake. I use very thick honey. Be sure to use the same cup for measuring. Be sure to mix the honey, eggs and butter well together. You can make it richer if you like by using clibbered cream instead of butermilk. Bake in a rather slow oven, as it burns very easily. To make the cookies use a little more flour, so that they will roll out well-without sticking to the board. Any kind of flavoring will do. I use ground orange peel mixed soft. It makes a very nice gingerhead.
Honry Canzales.--One capital extracted honey of best flavor, one equil granulated sugar, three tablespoonidis sweet cream or milk. Boil to "soft crack," or until it hardens when dropped into cold water, but not too brittle-just so it will form into a soft ball when taken in the fingers. Pour into a greased dish, stirring in a taxonomoid extract of vanilla just before taking off. Let it be one-half or three-quarters inch deep in the dish, and as it cools cut in squares and wrap each square in paraffin paper, such as grocess wrap butter in. To make chocolate earamids add to the foregoing one tablespoonified method chocolate just before taking off the stove, stirring it in well. For chocolate earamids it is not so important that the honey be of best quality.
Honry-now Cakes.--One equil honey, one-half cupful sugar, one-half cupful sugar, one-half cupful sugar unit, one egg, one-half tablespoon-half solid, four cupfuls sifted flour.
Honry-nuty Cakes.--One and one-half cupfuls honey, two-thirds emuls butter, one-half cupful sweet milk, two eggs well beaten, three cupful flour, two reasonpoints haking powder, two cupfuls ralsians, one teapsontail each of cloves and cinnamon.
Honry-Gems.--Two quarts flour, three tablepoonfalls melted lard, three-quarters pit honey, one-half pint molasses, four heaping tablespoonidis brown sugar, one and one-half level tablespoonidis soda, one level teapsontail salt, one-third pint water, one-half teapsontail extract vanilla.
Honry-nuty Cakes.--One pit honey, three-quarters pont butter, two teapsontails, finger, Boil toget, at her own time, and when nearly cold put in flour- until it is stiff. Roll out thin, and bake quickly.
Honry-nuty Cakes.--Two quarts flour, three tablepoonids melted hard, one pit honey, one-quarter pint molasses, one and one-half level tablespoonidis soda, one level teapsontail salt, one-quarter pint water, one-half teapsontail vanilla.
These jumbles and the genus preceding are from recipes used by habetics and enconteinerties on a large scale, one firm in Wisconsin alone using ten tons of honey annually in their manufacture.
Honry-nuty Cakes.--Fight cupfuls sugar, two cupfuls honey, four cupfuls milk or water, one pound almos, one pound English walnants, three cents' worth- each of canonical lemon and orange peel, five cents' worth citron (the last three cut fire), two large tablepoonidis soda, two teapsonpoonidis ground cloves. Put the milk, sugar and honey on the stove, to boll fifteen minutes; slimm off the seam and take from the stove. Put in the nuts, spices and candiled fruit. Stir in as much flour as can be done with a spoon. Set away to cool, then mix in the soda (don't make the dough too stiff). Cover up and let stand over night, then work in flour enough to make a stiff dough. Bake when you get ready. It is well to...it stand a few days, as it will not stick so badly. Roll out a little thicker than a common cook, cut in any shape you like.
This recipe originated in Germany, is old and tried, and the cake will keep a year or more.
Hony Power Banks--Take one pithet **extracted** honey; put it into an iron irsing-pan, and both until very thick; then stir in freshly pcoped corn, and when cool mold into balls. There will: specially delight the children.
Honey Shortcase--Three curplus flow, two teasonpostballs belong powder, one teasonpoint salt, one-half culprit shortening, one- and one-half culprit sweet milk. Roll quickly, and bake in a hot oven. When done, split the cake and spread the lower half thinly with butter, and the upper half with one-half pound of the best-flavored honey. (Cendled honey is preferred. If too hard to spread well it should be slightly warmed or creamed with a knife.) Let it stand a few minutes, and the honey will melt gradually, and the flavor will permeate all through the cake. To be eaten with milk.
Honey Taa Case--One cupfl honey, one-half cupout sour cream, two eggs, one-half equilut butter, two curplus flour, scant half teasonpoint soda, one tablespoint/cream of tartar. Bake thirty minutes in a moderate oven.
Hovnik Honey Case--(It is a hard cake). Take six goupls flour, five pounds honey, one and one-half pounds sugar, one and one-half pounds butter, six eggs, one-half omecastaristas; ginger to your taste. Directions for mixing: Have the flour in a pan or tray. Pack a cavity in the center. Beat the honey and yolks eggs together well. Beat the butter and sugar to cream, and put into the cavity in the flour: then add the honey and yolks of the eggs. This well with the hand, adding a little at a time, during the missing, the half ounce sale-rauts dissolved in boiling water until it is all in. Add the ginger, and finally add the whites of the six eggs, well betach. Mix well with the hand to a smooth dough. Divide the dough into seven equal parts, and roll out like gingerberb. Bake in ordinary square pans made for pigs, from kox4 in it. After putting into the pans mark off the top in one-half inch strips with something sharp. Bake an hour in a moderate oven. Be careful not to burn, but bake well. Dissoke sugar to give over top of cake. To keep the cake, stand on end in an oak tub, tin can or store rocked -seek is best. Stand the cakes up so the flat sides will not touch each other. Cover tight. Keep in a cool, dry place. Don't use until there months old at least. The cake improves with age, and will keep good as long as you will let it. If find any cake sweetened with honey does not dry out like sugar or molasses cake, and age improves or decouples the honey.
Sort Honey Case--One cupfit butter, two eggs, one cupful sour milk, two teasonpostballs soda, one teasonpoint ginger, one teasonpoint cinnamon, four curplus flour.
Summet Honey Days--One spoonful fruit juice and one spoonful honey in one-half glass water; stir in as much soda as will lie on a silver dome, and then stir in half as much tartaric acid and drink at once.
without fermentation, and becomes at once a build-er-up of the constitution.
In Denmark, honey is very popular with physicians in the treatment of chiroresis, based on the theory that the insufficiency of sweets in the system is responsible for the amentic condition for which it is prescribed.
Nursing babies are cured of constipation by its use, and there is no period of life in which it is not of decided benefit.
To the A. I. Root Company I am indebted for permission to reprint the following hints and remoles that are also one can practise or compound with honey,"
Costus, Conus, Whooping Corc, etc.--Fill a bell-metal kettle with bombardment leaves and soft water ketting it bolt until the liquor becomes strong --then strain through a insulin cloth, adding as much honey as desired--then cook it in the same kettle until the water evaporates, when the candy may be poured into shallow vessels and remain until needed, or pulled like molasses candy_until white.
Die. Kneppe's Honey Saake--This is recommended as an excellent dressing for swets and hoils. Take equal parts of honey and flour, said a little water and stir it thoroughly. Don't make too thin. Then apply as usual.
Honey and Cezan for Frickuss.--Have you tried a mixture of honey and cream--half and half --for freckes? Well, it's a good thing. If on the hands, wear gloves on going to bed.
Honey Corp.--This is the best known to the medical profession, and is an infallible remedy in all cases of mucous and spasmadic crown:
Raw linesed all, two ounces; timeture of blood root, two drachisms; timeture of lobulin, two drachisms; timeture of acointomic, one--half drachism; honey, four ounces. Also, Dose, one-half to one teaspound every fifteen to twenty minutes, according to the urgency of the case. It is also excellent in all throat and lung troubles originating from a cold. This is an excellent remedy in long trouble: Make "a strong detection of bombardment herb and sweeten with honey. Take a tablespoint four or five times a day.
Honey's two Dyspeak?--A young man who was troubled with dyspepsia was advised to try honey and graham genes for breakfast. He did so, and commenced to gain, and now enjoys as good health as the average man; and the does not take medicine. Either. Honey is the only good taken into the stomach that leaves no residue; it requires no action of the stomach whatever to digest it, as it is merely absorbed and taken up into the system by the action of the blood. Honey is the natural fine to dispersugia and indigestion, as well as a fond for the human system.
Honey as a Laasite.--In other than the good effects of honey as a remedial agent were well known, but not like just the inside use is made thereof. A great mistake, surely. Notably is honey valuable in constitution. Not as an immediate cure, like some medicines which momentarily give relief, only to leave the case worse than ever afterward, but is its persistent daily use, bringing about a healthy condition of the bovets, enabling them properly to perform their (motations. Many suffer daily from an irritable condition, calling themselves nervous, and all that sort of thing, not real ing that constipation is at the root of the matter, and that a faithful daily use of honey fairly persisted in would restore cheerfulness of mind and a healthy body
Honey who doi Piora's Coteus.--Old people's coughs are as distinct as the coughs of children, and require remedies especially adapted to them. It is known by the constant tickling in the pit oil the throat-just where the 'Adam's apple projects --and is caused by phlegium that accumulates there, which, owing to their weakened condition, they are unable to escroberts.
Take a far-sized onman-a good, strong one--and let it simmer in a quart of honey for several hours, after which strain and take a teasponential frequently. It causes the cough wonderfully, though it may not enter.
Honey was Smachen Corent--All mothers know what a stomach cough is--caused by an irritation of that organ, frequently attested with indigestion. The child often "throws up" after coughing.
Dig down to the roots of a wild cherry tree, and peel off a handful of the bars, put into a pint of water, and boil down to a teasponential. Put this tone into a quart of honey, and give a teasponential every hour or. It is pleasant, and if the child should also have worms, which often happens, they are pretty apt to be disposed of as they have no love for the wild-chery flavor.
Honey and Take Coteu Coteus.--Put a double handoff of green horizontally into two quarters of water, boil down to one quart; strain, and add to this tea two pupils of extracted honey and a tablespointpoint each of lard and tar. Boil down to a candy, but not enough to make it brittle. Begin to eat this, increase (from a piece the size of a pea to as much as can be relished. It is an excellent cough candy, and always gives relief in a short time.
Honey and Take Coteu Coteu.--Put one table-sponioni liquid and into a shallow tin dish, and place it in boiling, water until the tar is hot. To this add a pint of extracted honey, and stir well for half at hour, adding to it a level recombinant pulverized huras. Keep well ordered in a bottle. Dose, one teasponential every one, two or three hours, according to severity of **cough**,
## References
* [1]_How stability she builds her cell, how must she special the source,_
* [2]_Anti destroy herds to store it well, with the record of the whole._
* [3]_Warts_ Doine Songs.
Even where bees are kept in limited numbers, there will accumulate in the course of a season quite a quantity of beesnas from old combs, engnings from extracting.
(c. This was, it properly rendered, besides, forming a small-scale source of revenue, is not possible to the bekeeper, as nothing has been discovered that will take its place for the remaining of four-generation.
The practise of most beekeepers is to melt it up and send it to the supply house, taking foundation in return; for it is a needless expense, to say nothing of the time required, to undertake to manufacture one's own foundation.