BEE-spoke-data/bees-v0 huggingface dataset:
combs are filled with brood, the cold drives the bees into a compact cluster in the center of the hive, and all of the brood outside of this perishes. All of this loss may be avoided by giving the bees some sort of protection after taking them from the cellar. First see that each colony has a queen and plenty of stores, and then protect it. This spring protection need not be an elaborate affair. A sheet of tarred building paper folded down over the hive, and fastened at the lower edges by tacking on strips of lath, will answer every purpose, while it costs only three cents, and can be put in place in less than five minutes. This makes a covering that is both wind and waterproof, and will absorb every particle of the sun's heat, but, more important than all this, it will save the loss of brood and weak colonies if there comes a "squaw winter" in the month of May. If spring protection is so important that it is advisable to give it after taking the bees from the cellar, it may be asked, why not practice out-door wintering, then winter-protection will answer for spring, and the expense of a cellar, and of carrying the bees in and out, will be avoided? In the first place, the saving of stores in cellar-wintering will pay for the expense twice over; and, in the next place, and of far more importance, it is only by the cellar method that the wintering of bees, in a cold climate, can ever be reduced to a perfect system. By a selection of natural stores, or, better still, by using sugar, we can secure uniformity of food, but it is only in the cellar, or special repository, that uniformity of temperature, at a desirable point, can be maintained. Carrying the bees from the cellar is not a very agreeable task, and most of bee-keepers make it much worse by attempting it upon such a warm day as to set the bees fairly crazy the moment the out-door air strikes them. It comes into the cellar and sets the bees to flying, and often there is a general mix-up in the yard by the bees of one colony joining with those of another in full flight, and following them into their hive. To avoid these troubles, some bee-keepers carry their bees out in the night, when the indications are that the following day will be fair. If the bees have _wintered perfectly_ and are _quied_, all of these annoyances and losses may be avoided by carrying out the bees upon a day so _cool_ that the _bees will not think of flying_. This idea that bees must fly the moment that they are taken from the cellar is one of those old notions that is a _notion_, and that is all. If bees have to wait even a week or two after being placed upon their summer stands, before having a flight, no harm will comeas the result, _providing_ they have not wintered poorly, and are so anxious for a flight as to leave their hives when the weather is so cool that they will never return.
## Advanced Bee culture.
## Appendix A Advanced Bee Culture
Where a large amount of extracted honey is produced, a power driven extractor will handle the crop much more economically than by hand power. Labor for extracting frequencies (our special motor will run a Jumbs 260-pound, x-frame Automatic Extractor all day, stopping and starting the red at hill, running at any speed, with the consumption of only three quarts of gasoline. This makes the expense only one and one-half cells per hour. Prices and full description of these machines will be sent on application.
## Appendix A A B C of Bee Culture
No bee-keeper can afford to be without a book of reference. While the title "A B C" is a good one, the book covers also the X Y Z of the industry. No bee book has had such a sale. 100 thousand copies have been printed. For the amount of reading matter the A B C is the cheapest book sold. Fully illustrated. Price $1.00, postage 20 events extra. Ask for our catalog of books for bee-keepers.
**Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey-boxes, Weed-Process Comb Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee-smokers, Bee-veils, Pouder Honey Jars, and, in fact Everything Used by Bee-Keepers. Headquarters for Danzenbaker Hive.**
Fineest grades of Comb and Extracted Honey bought and sold. No commission business.
**BESWAX WANTED.**
I pay the highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make small shipments by express: large shipments by freight, always being sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I shall be glad to send it to you.
**WALTER S. POUDEER**
**513-515 Mass. Ave. Indianapolis, Ind.**
H. B. Campbell, of 707 E. Organ St., Urbana, Ill., in an order for more queens, says: "Two years ago I sent to you for a queen. You sent me a Golden Italian. She is a fine one, and a prolific layer."
Samuel H. Hill, of Elizabeth, Ill., in a letter says: "The queens that I got of you last season are great layers, and their bees good honey gatherers."
egin{tabular}{l l l} \multicolumn{3}{l}{**Prices**} \ Before July 1 & After July 1 \ one six twelve & one six twelve \ Untested \$1.00 \$5.00 \$9.00 & \$75 \$4.00 \$4.00 \ Sel. Unt'd 1.00 5.00 9.00 \ War'd T'd 1.25 7.00 13.00 & 1.25 7.00 13.00 \ Tested 1.50 & 1.50 \ Breders 5.00 and up & 5.00 and up \ Nuclei any time during the season with queen and \ without. \ \end{tabular}
With over one hundred good swarms, and hundreds of nuclei, we can fill orders by return mail. Fair and honest treatment to every one. Price list and description of stock, will be ready about Jan. 1, and can be had for the asking.
egin{tabular}{l l l} \multicolumn{3}{l}{**P. BLOGCHES**} \ \multicolumn{3}{l}{**P.
## Appendix Lews
are the best your money will buy whether you receive them in dead of winter or at the height of the honey flow, or when the bees are swarming, they will fit accurately, admit of being put together quickly and will be found to be made of the finest material. This saves you time; this saves you trouble; this saves you honey; and time, trouble and honey mean money to you. Your honey put up in good shape will bring higher prices and the demand for it will be increased from year to year. This factory's reliable goods have started many a man on the road to success.
egin{tabular}{l l} & Beware \ & WERE YOU BUY YOUR \ & BEEMARE \ & WATEREY TOWN WIS \ & MAKE - THE FINEST \ \end{tabular}
egin{tabular}{l l} & ESTABLISHED 30 YEARS \ & Annual Output \ & Twenty Million Sections \ & One Hundred Thousand Hives \ \end{tabular}
egin{tabular}{l l} & Send for Catalog. & Agents Everywhere. \ & G. B. LEWS CO. \ & Watertown, - - - Wisconsin. \ & \ \end{tabular}
# Advanced bee culture
T. S. HALL,
Jasper,
Pickins Co.,
J. R. MOORE,
Ky.
We have a full line of the A.
I. Root Company's Hives, Sections, Foundation, and all necessary supplies needed in the apiary which we can fill orders with promptly. If you think of trying the Danzenbaker hives, we can furnish them--full lines kept in stock. Write for our Catalog, or send your orders with prices taken from the A. I. Root Co's. Catalog. We can give you quick service and low freight rates. We make a Speciality of Italian Queens, Tested and Untested, and one-, two- and three-frame nuclei. Send for special queen list.
The Bee-Keepers' Review
Is most emphatically the specialist's journal. For 15 years its editor made his living in the apiary, and he knows the needs of this class of bee-keepers. Instead of using space for "hints to beginners," which are all right in their place, the Review turns its attention to the unsolved problems of advanced bee culture. Some of the best best bee-keepers in the country, those who have managed large numbers of colonies, and made money in so doing, describe their methods in the Review. These men have succeeded. They have made money. They can point the way for others. The man who has kept bees several years, who knows the A B C of the business, is now interested in learning systems, methods and short-cuts, that will enable him to spread out and "keep more bees," and make some money; and no journal is doing more for this class of bee-keepers than is being done by the Review.
The Review is an illustrated, 36-page monthly at $1.00 a year. If you wish to see copies before subscribing, send ten cents for three late, but different issues, and the ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. A coupon will be sent entitling the holder to the Review one year for only 90 cents.
## W. Z. Hutchinson, Editor and Proprietor
FLINT, MICH.
## 8.1.2. **Same copy free.**
The Rural Bee-Keeper, River Falls, Wis.
W. H. Putnam, Editor
Best equipped factory in Wisconsin. A large stock and variety of everything needed in the Apiary. Best goods at the lowest prices, and prompt shipments. I want every bee-keeper to have my free illustrated catalogue and read the descriptions of the Celebrated Cedar shingle roof bee hive cover.
Write at once for catalogue.
**A. H. Rusch,**
**Manitowoc Co.**
**Reedsville, Wis.**
**Now is the time to Order**
**Bee-Hives**
**Sections**
**Shipping Cases**
**Berry Boxes**
**And Crates**
**for the coming season. By sending us a list of goods wanted we can save you money.**
**Sheboygan Fruit Box Co.**
**SHEboyGAN,**
**Wis.**
**We have everything up to date. Ask for Catalogue.**We carry a largestock, several car loads, and it will be considerable to your advantage to order from this point on account of the saving in transportation charges and our ability to make prompt shipments. We sell at regular factory prices F. C., B., Grand Rapids, Michigan. We are located at the best shipting point in Michigan, competing lines assuring lowest freight rates and direct lines to all parts of the State, obliterating delays and rough handling of goods made possible in transfers.
We furnish EVERYTHING needed in practical and profitable Bee Culture. We manufacture the
Massie Hives
Dovetailed Hives
Langstroth Hives
Alternating Hives
Chaff Hives
With either the
Salloped Supers
Plain Section Supers
Perfection Supers
Eerguson Supers
Massie Supers
We have millions of as nice sections as are to be found
in the market, either scalloped, plain or bored,
of all the standard sizes.
All our Foundation is made by the
New Weed Process
From Strictly Pure Wax. None Better.
HINTS TO Beginners
and our large illustrated C talog is furnished
Free to all Bee-Kopergers or
Dealers.
It describes and illustrates numerous money-saving and money-making devices,tried in our own Apiaries, before offering them to the public. Write at once for a copy of our Catalog. Our prices are the lowest, the quality of our goods equal to the best; a trial will prove our assertion.
**KRECTHER MFC. CO.**
**Council Blanks, Iowa.**Chapter 4 You Have Any Honey to Sell Either Extracted or Fancy Coine, CoreRespond with Us. We Handle Car LOADS of Honey Every Month.
## 5 Supplemental
We handle the finest age SUPLUS in America. Send FOR OUE FREE CATALOG.
Dauughters of selected, imported Italians, selected long-tongued ( Moore's ) and selected, straight, five - banded Queens, Carniolans (mated to Carnio-lan drones in distant yard, and to Italian drones), and imported Caucasians (lately received, and mated, for the present, to Carniolan and Italian drones. Each yard isolated. No bee diseases.
All queen cells are built in strong, full colonies, by the most approved, modern methods. Safe arrival guaranteed on all queens.
Untested queens, before July, 75 cts. each; six for $4.oo; twelve for $7.5o. After July rst, single queen, 6o cts.; six for $3.25; twelve for $6.oo.
Tested queens, before July, $1.5o each; six for $8.oo; twelve for $1.5o.o. After July rst, single queen for $1.25; six for $6.oo.
Discounts on large orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty.
J. M. DAVS,
Spring Hill, Ten.
The Danzenhaker 20th Century Smoker.
Awarded Highest Prija
gold medal
at the World's Falr at
st. Louis, 1904.
Newest Prices and Highest
Quality. Our new Catalog just
out. Write for it. Compare
prices with others. 15 years'
experience. Not in the Combination. Modern Machinery.
Sections and Shipping-Cases by
the car-load. Prompt shipments.
Hives, Extractors, Feeders, and
all Supplies used by bee-keepers.
All goods guaranteed as per Catalog.
MONDENG MFG. CO.
147 and 149 Cedar Lake Road,
Minneapolis, Minn
VAN DEUSEN'S
Has stood the test of time for purity, and cleanliness; and can be had any weight or number of square feet to the bound that may be desired. For the brood or extracting frames fine wire is incorporated in the foundation, furnishing a sure support, and is
The Only Wired
Foundation Made.
We solicit a portion of your trade and if you have Beeswax to sell, write us, we want it.
The editor of Review used about 100 pounds of our wired foundation in his own apiary this past season, this fact of itself speaks volumes.
J. A. Van Deusen,
Sprout Brook, - New York
# Improved Metal Honey Shipping Case
For 34 Standard Sections 41\({}_{4}\) x 4\({}_{4}\) x 17\({}_{
m x}\)
Outside coated green
Made from Heavy Tin Plate. It has a hinged cover. Extra heavy glass front. Wire handles on ends and cover. This case can be used when empty by servers for display purposes or by the next homeskeeper as a cake or broad box.
Made by the AMERICAN CAN CO., New York, Chicago, San Francisco.
C. Clemons & Co. Kansas City, Mo. 38 years in the Honey Business. Prompt Returns. Top market Price. Let us have your shipments.
D. H. HILL LIBRARY North Carolina State College
## Appendix A Appendix
## Appendix A Appendix Honey Plants
Together With Those Which Are of Special Value to the Beekeeper as Sources of Pollen
BY FRANK C. PELLETT
Author Beginners's Bee Book. Productive Beekreping.
Practical Queen Hearing. Etc.
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
Hamilton, IllinoisCappright, 1926,
By Frenk C. Felder
All Rights: ResearchTo my indulgent parents, who early encouraged me in my passion for the study of Nature, this book is affectionately dedicated.
## FOREWORD
In the first volume of American Bee Journal, published in 1861, appears a plea for the publication of a volume devoted to the honey flora of America. In numerous instances since that time, writers have mentioned the great need of a work of this kind. In common with other students of beekeping, the author came to feel this lack in our beekeping literature. This book is an attempt to fill that need. It is to be expected that the first work on this great subject will overlook many things which should have been included and that numerous errors should creep in. In an attempt to gather the desired material, the author has visited the important beekeping regions from the Atlantic Coast to California and from Canada to Florida and Texas. Careful notes have been made of the honey plants of each section as indicated by the many beekeepers with whom the author has come in contact. To this multitude of beekeepers who have thus assisted by furnishing notes of this kind the author is greatly indebted.
The literature of beekeping has been carefully examined for references to honey plants, and hundreds of quotations appear in the text. The few bulletins which have appeared on the subject have been quoted freely, as well as similar material appearing in the bee magazines
The illustrations are for the most part from the author's original photographs, although a number have been borrowed from the American Bee Journal, which appeared in that publication, from John H. Lovell, Homer Mathewson, J. M. Buchanan, M. C. Richter, C. D. Stuart, Florida Photographic Concern, Wesley Foster, W. A. Pryal, and some others, the identity of the originator of which are lost.
Since most of the readers of this book will be men who are not accusomed to botanical classification, it has been thought best to treat each plant under the name by which it is most widely known, giving other names as cross references, and to treat all in alphabetical order. Numerous related subjects which seemed to have a place in a book of this kind, such as nectar and nectar secretion, poisonous honey, propolis, pollination, weather and honey production, etc., have been likewise included in proper alphabetical order.
No one is likely to be more conscious of the shortcomings of the volume than is the author. As it is his hope to expand the scope of the work in a later edition, he will be grateful for notes on additions and corrections from all parts of America.
Hamilton, Ill. FRANK C. PELLETT.
November 18, 1919.
## American Honey Plants
The late Prof. A. J. Cook estimated that there are nearly eighteen hundred species of plants on which bees work in America. Most of these are minor sources, which the bees visit incidentally for the minute quantity of nectar that may be available, or for pollen. There are some plants rich in nectar which can never be important to the beckeeper because they are not sufficiently plentiful.
Honey production, as a business enterprise, is dependent upon a few species which yield nectar abundantly and which are sufficiently common to enable the bees to secure honey in large quantity. In order to make the most of his business, the beckeeper should have a thorough knowledge of the honey plants in all the country surrounding his apiaries. It often happens that a distance of but a few miles makes a great difference with the available honey sources. Many a man by moving an apiary a few miles has greatly increased the yield. It sometimes happens that the plant which is the main dependence will fail, and that by moving to some other source, a crop may be harvested. To know fully the honey plants of his region, their time of blooming and habit of nectar secretion under bis particular conditions, is of fundamental importance to the man who would succeed as a beekeeper.
In many places the presence or absence of a single plant determines whether or not bekeeping is worth while. Over a large portion of the Middle West, the beekeepers depend almost entirely upon white clover for surplus, and in seasons when this plant fails they get no honey to sell.
Likewise, in many localities in the irrigated regions of the Rocky Mountain States, when alfalfa fails to yield, there is no surplus honey. Yet in all these sections, bekeeping would be impossible if there were no other plants. There are localities where tremendous honey flows occur for a short period of time, where bekeeping is not practical because there is insufficient forage to support the bees the rest of the year. In such places beekeepers often take advantage of the flows by moving the bees away as soon as the plants cease to yield nectar, and returning them the following year at blooming time. This applies to some parts of the valley of the Appalachicola River in Florida. While the flow from Tupelo is sometimes remarkable, there is a shortage of pollen throughout the summer months.
The ideal situation for bekeeping is one where there are at least three plants which yield surplus honey in considerable quantity, and which bloom at different periods. Beside the main sources, there should be a great variety of minor plants yielding both pollen and honey throughout the season to support the bees between the main flows. In such a situation, there is seldom an entire failure of the honey crop; and, in good years, the beekeeper fares well, indeed.
There are many localities where the bees suffer seriously for lack of pollen at some seasons of the year. An available source of pollen issecond only in importance to an abundant honeyflow. This being the case, the plants which are generally regarded as valuable for pollen, especially those blooming at seasons when pollen is not abundant generally, are included in this book.
## 5 Honey plant regions
Several attempts have been made to outline the principal regions of the United States. A careful examination of all these outlines brings out serious discrepancies. There are too many small regions within larger ones to permit of anything like accuracy with the present data and the present knowledge of the honey plants. In general, white clover may be said to be the principal honey plant of all the region from Nova Scotia west to eastern Dakota and south to Tennessee and Arkansas. Yet within that large area, there are many places where white clover is unimportant, and where other plants furnish the principal surplus. In much of Michigan white clover is of first importance, yet in the cut-over districts of the northern part of the State, raspberry, fireweed and milkweed furnish nearly all the honey that goes to market. It is good clover territory, and with the ultimate development of the region, clover will predominate.
In the irrigated regions of the Rocky Mountain States, alfalfa is the principal source of surplus, but sweet clover is rapidly crowding it for first place.
Basswood was once a very important source of honey over all the Northeastern States. The cutting of the basswood forests has gradually reduced the basswood area until there are now few localities, in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois or Iowa, where it is really an important honey source. In parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and Ontario, basswood is still sufficiently plentiful to yield large quantities of honey, but there it is being rapidly reduced.
In the cotton belt, where cotton would naturally be expected to be the principal source, the area would be divided into many small regions. Cotton may yield much honey in a locality where the soil is heavy and rich, while a few miles distant, where soils are light and sandy, there is little honey from cotton, although the plant is just as commonly cultivated. In the cotton region there would be a great many sub-divisions. In parts of Texas, mesquite is the principal source, in others castclaw and huajilla (wa-he-ya), while in eastern Texas basswood yields heavily. Buckwheat is important principally in the region about the Great Lakes and south in the higher elevations to Virginia and Tennessee. Goldenrod is one of the most important sources of nectar in New England, while it is seldom of much value west of the Mississippi River, although growing abundantly.
In California and Florida there are several entirely different regions within the State. There is no one plant of major importance over all parts of either State. A large amount of work still remains to be done before the honey resources of America can be mapped out with anything like accuracy. Changing conditions are rapidly removing one plant and substituting another in many sections. When the author visited west Texas he was told by the beekeepers there that the clearing of the land and planting it to cultivated crops was rapidly curtailing the bee range, as no cultivated crops being planted were equal to the desert flora which was being removed.
In other sections, the planting of forage crops which are good sources of nectar, like alfalfa and sweet clover, is greatly increasing the available bee pasture. In parts of California, the extensive growing of garden seeds is providing pasture sufficient for producing surplus honey of a kind seldom heard of in the markets a few years ago. Parsnip and celery honey are examples.
## 3 The Minor Plants
Although only a few dozen plants are important sources of surplus honey, there are hundreds of minor plants which are of value for the support they give the bees when no major plant is in bloom. The number and variety of these plants will largely determine the value of the locality, and whether it will be necessary for the beekeeper to resort to migratory beckeeping it times.
Catnip is famous as a bee plant, yet it is doubtful whether a single pound of catnip honey was ever stored in America, unmixed with honey from other sources. It catnip could be grown in large fields like clover, it is probable that catnip honey would appear in the markets.
If the beekeeper is familiar with the minor plants, he will often be able to locate outyards where the bees will be able to gather enough nectar from such sources to keep his colonies in the best possible condition for the surplus flows. It is a well-known fact that it is only the big colonies which produce large crops of surplus honey. A little nectar coming to the hive for some time in advance of the main flow, is the best possible stimulant for brood rearing. It often happens that bees will be poorly prepared for the harvest in one yard, while others only two or three miles distant will be in the best possible condition, because of the presence of some minor plants not within reach of the first.
Figure 1: Bilossums of husache (_Acadia farcesine_,)
## Acacia