BEE-spoke-data/bees-v0 huggingface dataset:
**Each hive has an exit cut in either end, and an exit is cut through the wall of the cage registering with the outer exit of each hive, over which, on the outside of a wall, a piece of queen-excluding zinc is nailed. These hives are painted strikingly distinguishing colors, as red, white, blue, green, yellow and black, and a space opposite each of the alighting boards, and a corresponding space on the outside of the wall of the cage are painted in corresponding colors. The colors are repeated in the order named, which separates the hives of the same color a sufficient distance to prevent confusion, and the bees and* 276 THE BEE-KEEPERS' MAGAZINE.
queens readily distinguish their own hive by means of color as readily as by location. If the inner exit be left closed for a day or two after a colony is placed in a cage, the worker-bees readily learn to enter their own hive upon returning from the fields. I found that the queens had no difficulty on returning to their own hives after taking flight in the cage. To test that fact I frequently opened a number of hives in succession, and placing the queens upon the palm of my hand, tossed them high in the air, when they would take wing and fly away.
Upon re-opening the hives a few minutes later they would be found upon the combs. The queens and drones appeared to fly and disport themselves with as much freedom and regularity in the cage as they did in the apiary outside. The virgin queens were introduced from the nursery by various methods. Some were hatched in colonies in the cage from cells matured in strong queenless colonies, and some from cells built under the swarming impulse, which this season could be produced by artificial means only. Maure drones were selected from the hives in the apiary, and also from those returning from their excursions and liberated in the cage, and sealed drone-broad was removed from the hives in the apiary and hatched in strong colonies built up in large hives in the cage, and these drones all flew with freedom and regularity.
A few times I observed a queen embrace a drone and fly all about the cage with entire freedom, and then, the embrace being broken, each flew away in different directions, the queens returning to their hives, and the drones at once rejoined their fellows in the upper part of the cage. It is needless to add that in such cases no accountment had taken place.
The Bee-Keeper' Magazine.
As the queen must be bountifully supplied with egg-food before the egg-cells begin to germinate and mature in the ovaries, so I believe the drone must be well supplied with that special food suited and intended to produce the desire and capacity for performing the act of copulation, the giving and withholding of which is instinctively determined by the worker bees, as the present and prospective condition demands.
Throughout the past season of extreme heat and proracted drouth there was almost a total failure of all natural resources, and all the influences of nature to which bees are subject, warned them that there was no actual necessity for feeding and maturing drones, and that the abundance and prosperity with which I had supplied them were artificial and deceptive.
In the impotency of the drones, almost universally prevalent, I find the reason for the almost total failure of this experiment. The fact that both drones and queens flew with freedom and regularity in the cage, and the fact that in a few cases queens were successfully mated outside, leads me to believe that under favorable conditions satisfactory success may be expected. Experiments in breeding bees during the prevalence of such climatic conditions as those of the past season, are attended with hindrances which I have not been able to overcome. My experience and observation have suggested some changes in the size, shape, and manner of constructing the cage which I believe would be an improvement. If, under favorable circumstances, the control of the process of reproduction can be secured by the use of a device permanent in kind, and of moderate cost, then every queen-breeder and progressive bekeeper may apply the laws of heredity and the principles of selection to the breeding of bees with assurance of realizing results alike in kind and degree to those which have by the persistent application of the same laws and principles been realized in breeding all kinds of domestic animals.
I have, by establishing mating staabout ready to swarm the second time, then give with all adhering bees.
In the use of comb foundation it is a mistake just to put in the handiest way, when in place the side-walls will either be perpendicular or zig-zag. The former, according to my impression, being the proper way, having of late years observed that bees in constructing their own comb build the side walls perpendicular, should be proof positive that it must be the strongest, it may be immaterial but I have a firm conviction that I am correct although it will sag either way if given to bees during a heavy honey flow without being wired.
It is a mistake in the prevention of aferswarms to destroy all queen cells but one, as it might be a blank or perchance contain dead larva, the former is caused by the young queen emerging, the bees replacing the cap and waxing it up again. I have repeatedly found one or two dead workers in such cells. In the case of dead larva I am inclined to believe that it is caused by the pupa becoming too soon detached from the royal jelly. In destroying queen cells I have observed the gnat (after the cell was capped) still going for the royal food '' for all it was worth," both ends being still emerged in it while its back and whole body were parted from the jelly. Until lately I considered that dead larva in queen cells was chilled but have found them in parts of the hive where such was impossible ; have also found a queen almost matured with her head upwards and not likely to be able to know her way out. For these three reasons I advised deferring the destruction of queen cells until you hear the first piping, then liberate a queen and destroy the others.
It is a mistake to say that the queen don't show marks of having mated, the genital organs of the drone adheres to her and when removed that part will remain gaping most, if not all the remainder of that day.
It is a mistake for any one to suppose that he or she will have a big honey harvest the present season, this is my twentieth summer with bees and never before have they failed to give me less or more surplus ere this time. During apple bloom bees here stored considerable honey, since that most all they have gathered has been used by themselves. A number of years ago I introduced asike clover by giving it to the farmers near by gratis ; ever since they have sewed less or more every year, and although it bloomed fairly well this season it never gave forth the fine aroma of former years, the white clover too is very scarce but is rather gaining. We are now into the basswood of which there is a fair bloom, it will close with us about the end of the month, being two weeks later than last year.
It is a mistake to take the honey from the bees and feed sugar syrup for wintering ; not but that they may winter as well on it, but to prevent suspicion that we are feeding such to take from them again as honey. In t884 I fed sugar syrup for wintering, some people looked at it in a different light, and it will take years to erase the impression.
If they gather enough of the product of the flowers on which to winter let them have it, and though honey may be scarce this season it might be abundant next and will sell more readily to. We cannot imagine the ideas people who are unaccustomed to have bees have about them. I have been asked in the City of London '' if they made honey all winter? '' had I answered in the affirmative the party should justly have surmised that other sweets must be given them from which to make it.
It is a mistake and worse than child-ishness to advocate the hibernation of bees, (in the full sense of the term) as they act equally the same in a cold wettish day in July or August as they do in winter. Uncover the cluster either time and they erect themselves as much as possible, the hind legs being the largest raises that end the highest when their bayonets are presented and on the end of each you can notice a small speck of poison, then again rap on a hive containing bees, summer or winter, and you'll be answered in a similar manner. The theorist must himself at present be hibernating and better '' let sleeping dogs lie."
_Pole, 7 July 21, '88._* 280 **THE BEE-KEEPERS' MAGAZINE.**
* **Third Annual Report of the General Manager of the National Bee-Keepers' Union, For the Year**
**Keepers' Union, For the Year**
**Ending June 30, 1888.**
* **It becomes the duty of your General**
**Manager, at the end of the third year**
**of the existence of the National Bee-Keepers' Union to review the important**
**events of the fiscal year just ended, and**
**with special pride he makes the announcement that, so far, the Union**
**has been successful in every case it has**
**undertaken in defense of the pursuit of**
**keeping bees. No decision has yet**
**been obtained inimical to the pursuit**
**of bee-keeping.**
**The officers were re-elected in July,**
**1887, by an almost unanimous vote,**
**and during the year they have aided in**
**every possible manner to make the Union triumphantly successful in every**
**case it has undertaken.**
**AMENDED CONSTITION.**
**The proposed amendments to the Constitution were all carried unanimously, and went into effect January**
**1, 1888 ; as amended it reads thus.**
**Article I--This organization shall be known as the National Bee-Keepers' Union, and shall meet annually, or as often as necessity may require.**
**Art. II--Its object shall be to protect the interests of bee-keepers and to defend their rights.**
**Art. III--The officers of this Union shall consist of a President, five Vice-Presidents, and a General Manager, (who shall also be Secretary and Treasurer) whose duties shall be those usually performed by such officers. They shall be elected by ballot, and shall hold their several officers for one year, or until their successors are elected ; blank ballots for this purpose to be mailed to every member by the General Manager.**
**Art. IV--The officers shall constitute an Advisory Board, which shall determine what action shall be taken by this Union upon application of bee keepers for defence, and cause such extra assessment to be made upon members as may become necessary for their defence ; provided that only one assessment shall be made in one fiscal year, without a majority vote of all the members, upon blanks furnished for that purpose, together with a statement showing why another assessment is desirable.**
**Art. V--Any person may become a member**
**by paying the General Manager an entrance fee of one dollar, for which he shall receive a printed receipt, making him a member of this Union, entitled to all its rights and benefits.**
**An annual fee of one dollar, which shall be due on the first day of July in each year, and must be paid within six months in order to re-tain membership to this Union.**
**Art. VI--The funds of this Union shall be used for no other purpose than to defend and protect the members in their rights, after such cases are approved by the Advisory Board, and to pay the legitimate expenses of this Union, such as printing, postage, clerk hire, etc.**
**Art. VII--This constitution may be amend.**
**ed by a majority vote of all the members at any time.**
**The membership of this Union has not increased as much as it was expected, but this may be accounted for in the fact that the drouth of last summer prevented the bees from gathering much honey, and therefore bee-keepers have felt too poor to add to their ordinary expenses.**
**In several cases your Manager has been consulted as to the best course to pursue when bee-keepers were threatened with lawsuit by envious or jealous neighbors. After giving due consideration to the facts in each case, they have been advised as to the best course to pursue, and in many cases lawsuits have been averted by the concliatory measures advised by the Union.**
**In other cases compromises have been advised, and the wisdom of such has been seen in the amicable relations, now existing, where trouble has been brewing.**
**CALIFORIA RAISIN GROWERS.**
**The decision reached in the Bohn case not only averted trouble which at one time wore a serious aspect, but now a proposition has been made to buy the apiary and remove it, thus saving the apiarist from the loss which would have resulted from his being unceremoniously driven out of his honorably acquired and just rights.**
**This, however, was quite unnecessary, for the bees not only did no damage, but vastly increased the crop.**
**The California Horticultural last fall, admitted that the crop was greatly in excess of all expectations, so bees are the fruit growers' very best friends! They increase their crops, and enlarge their bank account balances. This is how the bees have rewarded the makers of the "the late war " forced upon them by some ignorant and selfish raisin growers.
It was proved at the trial that the bees could not bite into the skin of a grape. A San Diego beekeeper, says the San Francisco _Cr Chronicle_, settled the question in this way :
He took a perfect bunch of grapes, every berry of which was in sound and good order, and suspended it in the middle of a hive of bees for an indefinite time. It remained there several weeks, and at the expiration of the period was removed in as perfect a condition as when first put into the hive. Thousands of the bees had been crawling all over the fruit during that time, only too eager to attack the juice thereof, but had been unable to do so.
History repeats itself. Sometime ago, in a town in New England, so strong was the belief that bees injured the fruit, that an ordinance was passed obliging the bee-keepers to remove their bees to another locality. After a year or two the fruit growers decided to have the bees brought back, because so little fruit matured upon the trees.
BOGUS COMB Honey.
The Wiley lie about honey comb being manufactured, filled with glucose, and being sealed over by machinery, has received considerable attention during the past year.
In order to counteract the baneful influence of that, and similar falsehoods, one of our Vice-Presidents, Mr. A. L. Root, has issued a card, offering $1,000 for proof of the existence of such a fraudulent article on the market, but as it does not exist, the offer is not taken.
In this connection, the Union has forced Prof. Wiley to make this astonishing confession :
At the time, I repeated this statement
more in the light of a pleasantry than as a commercial reality, for I did not believe that it was possible commercially to imitate the comb.
Therefore he "knowingly, wilfully and maliciously" lied, out of whole cloth, just to cause a sensation, and to injure an honest pursuit. It is astonishing that any man could make such a bare-faced confession without blushing for the infamy it exhibited!
poisoning the bees.
A paper in Atlantic, Iowa, published. a malicious article against bee-keeping, and advised the grape-growers to poison the bees in their localities, making wild untruthful assertions about the "grape raising industry having been almost entirely killed out in Ohio, by this nuisance." The Union proved this to be a malicious falsehood, and the author of it was shown to be either Inducously ignorant, ora vile slanderer!
Mr. W. M. Bomberger, of Harlan, Iowa, a member of the Iowa Horticultural Society, and a fruit grower, in a letter to the Bee-Keepers' Union, states that the article in the _Messenger_ should.
" receive the condemnation of the intelligent grape and fruit-grower of the State which it misrepresents," and adds :
" That the grape growing industry in Ohio has been killed out by the honey-bee or apiarists following their harmless pursuits, I assert is false, whether the assertion be made maliciously or ignorantly, and is proven so by the report of the commissioner of agriculture for 1886, page 116 where, commenting on " the shrinkage of yield in Ohio," he reports as follows :
" The shrinkage of grapes in 1881, 1883 and 1885, was due principally to three facts which can not be separated -rot, mildew and the effect of the previous severe winter."
I regard the honey-bees as one of my very best friends in grape and small fruit culture, and keep a small apiary in my smaller vineyard, which is so located that the path of the bees in the air, to their best pastureage during the blooming season, is over my larger vineyard.
I find the bees so valuable in fertilizing fruit bloom that I not only encourage my neighbors to keep them, but intend doubling my stock in the near future. Their value is greatest whenever we have cool, wet weather during the fruit bloom, and the winds cannot carry the pollen in dust form from flower to flower.
282 THE BEE-KEEPERS' MAGAZINE.
**ARARADELPHIA "NUSANCE " CASE.**
This case, mentioned in the last Report, will come to trial about July 16, that you have done your duty in this case! It is _now or never /_ 'Inaction fine for maintaining a nuisance by keeping bees in Arkadelphia, Ark.
The Union has employed several of the most noted attorneys in the State to defend the case, and confidently expects a decision in favor of the pursuit.
It would be very detrimental to the pursuit to allow a decision against be-keeping to be put upon record on the plea of its being a " nuisance."
A member of the Union gives his views of this case in these words :
"It is our duty to stand by him, and hold up his hands while he is suffering imprisonment, and put to no great inconvenience and pecuniary loss in the defence of a principle which is dear to us all. Surely, in a matter of this character the injury of one is the concern of all. I would willingly pay a dozen assessments rather 'than have Mr. Clark worsted in this matter."
No extra assessment would be necessary if but one-tenth of the bee-keepers of America would join the Union.
It is a shame that, with 300,000 bee-keepers in the United States, so few are willing to defend the pursuit against its enemies. 'Many are selfish, and think that so long as they are not moleted, they will not join the Union. But as soon as they are even threatened, they rush around for some help, and want the Union to tell them what to do, etc.
But the Advisory Board has decided that the Union can defend only those who have become members before they were in trouble of that kind.
It will take nearly two thousand dollars to successfully defend the cases now on hand, and the Union must have two thousand members during the coming year, or it will be obliged to let the cases go by default--and the pursuit will suffer an ignominious _defeat._
TO those NOT MEMBERS OF THE UNION.
Reader, are you satisfied to accept the matter as the result of your apathy:
If not, sit down at once and send a dollar as a membership fee to the Na-b -
I now submit my third annual report with the hope that it will meet with general approval. Having served the Union for three years to the best of my ability, with the consciousness of having done my duty for the pursuit, I shall welcome my successor as soon as your choice is revealed.
Yours fraternally,
Thomas G. Newman,
General Manager.
We are beginners in bee-keeping.
Wintered 32 stands in good condition, and about the same number rather weak. Have purchased 25 stocks.
Have increased some by dividing and some by natural swarming. Have taken 300 gallons of honey and have about 200 more ready to take. Have now 123 stands mostly in good condition. We read the Magazine,
_American Bee Journal, Gleanings_ and the _Api_, and are ready to speak a good word for any of them. Is not that the way for a school-boy to feel toward his teachers?
Yours, etc., Alonzo Skinner.
_Zmos, Arizona, 7 June 28, 1888._
[Yes, we believe that a man that reads all the bee-papers, _makes money_ by so doing, When the bee-keeper gets so he thinks he knows it all it is time for him to have foul brood and other pleasant visitors.--Eo]
The BEE-KEEPERS' MAGAZINE. 283
**Editor Bee-Keepers' Magazine** :
I like your MAGazine first rate. Bees are making honey here very fast now. Yours truly, Frank Wilkins. **Succeeds With Flick Method**.
Dear Sir : I received the Italian queen in good condition, and adopted the plan of Mr. H. H. Flick of introducing, in which I succeeded to perfection. I should say that Mr. Flick has solved the problem of introducing queens. Yours respectfully, Edward Timm.
**Jrvington, N. Y., Aug. 1, '88**.
" The Gods give no great good without labor," is an old proverb, and a true one; the hardest labor is not always that which is best paid however. To those in search of light, pleasant and profitable employment, we say write to B. F. Johnson & Co., Richmond, Va.
**Indiana State Fair**.
The year 1888, although a campaign season, with so many and varied counter attractions, does not diminish the interest which exhibitors take in the now world-famed Indiana State Fair. At the present time the applications for space are far in advance of the usual number, and flowing in at a rate never equaled in the history of the exhibition. Exhibitors are advised through the newspapers of the extensive improvements going forward on the grounds in the nature of a new race course, which necessitated the purchase of twenty acres additional grounds that has been added to the already large area, making the Indiana State Fair Grounds one of the very best and most convenient in all its appointments of any of a similar character in the United States or Canada. In addition, an immense two-story amphitheatre is approaching completion, ready for the opening, September 17th. The new track is reported by horsemen, who have viewed and tested it, as one of the choicest in the country, and magnificent speed contests may be looked for this season, such as have never before been witnessed on the (weekly). 3.00 2.85
The twenty acres additional has been premium. 50 75of the grounds so changed that it will scarcely be recognized as the same place. Considerable grading and tile draining has been done and water pipes laid through the grounds to insure the comfort and convenience of exhibitors and visitors.
The steady growth of the State Fair proves its importance as an educator in those matters which so interest and are indispensable to successful farming.
The money market.
We are most closed out of old stock, and have not named price on New goods at this time of year, the market is not settled. When new stock comes in will give you quotations. Thubser, Whyland & Co.
Aug. 22, '88.
BOSTON.
Best 1 lb. new honey in comb 18 to 20 ; 2 lbs. do., 14 to 16 ; extra do., 8 to 10. Bees-
Blake & Ripley.
Aug. 24, 1888.
Demand good for extracted honey, which brings 5 to 8c. on arrival, according to quality.
Prices of comb honey are nominal and demand very slow. We are asking 12 to 15e. in the jobbing way. There is a good demand for beeswax which brings 20 to 22c. per lb. for good to best yellow on arrival.
July 17, '88.
A little of the new crop of honey has come forward and sells in a small way at 17c. per bound. For anything short of choice there would be little demand at present. Extracted easy at 7 to 8c. for best grades. Beeswax about 22c. for choice.
R. A. Hurnett,
Aug. 16, 1888.
We have felt called upon to make but few alterations in the new edition as we considered it well up with the times, and by all odds the cheapest, comprehensive work on bee-keeping in the market. It is no advertising scheme, but it is just what its name implies, a _true Text Book_, one to which the apiarist may turn for sound advice at all times, with the felling that somebody's wares are not being pushed under his nose. Mr. Frank A. Eaton, of Bluffon,
WILL exchange eggs from high soaring, rose comb, brown Leghorns, for tested Italian queens, thin or thick foundation, boxes or offers. Adress Geo. L. Ferris, Prairie Farm, Five corners, N.Y.
WILL Exchange first-class Homirg Pigeon, stock represents some of the be-lofs in the country, for a colony of Italian Bees or a _22_ calibre Ballard or Stevens Riffe, Address Jos. A. Eibel, Lancaster, Pa.