BEE-spoke-data/bees-v0 huggingface dataset:
Always keep a cottage-hive, or single box or two, in your apiary, for the purpose of having swarms from them, with which to stock empty boxes, or to strengthen such stocks as may stand in need of additional numbers ; and proceed with such supplementary swarms as directed in pages 43--50.
Never impoverish your Bees by taking from then more honey than they have to spare. Always suffer them to be in possession of a plentiful store. Over-deprivation impoverishes them, and is no gain to the proprietor. Among other reasons this is one for my repeated directions--not to touch the middle box. Let me not, however, be misunderstood : I mean not by this direction, or by the short paragraph in the preceding page to prohibit the removal of the nucidle-box from its stand, once or twice annually, in order to have the under-boardwell cleansed ; for I hold this operation to be highly necessary ; and I recommend that it be carefully attended to early in every spring.
Honey of the very finest quality may commonly be obtained from collateral-boxes, as early in the season as the months of May and June, without injuring the parent-stock in the slightest degree. The enlargement of their domicil by returning an empty glass, or an empty box, to the place from which a full one has been taken, is at this busy period of their labour an accommodation to Bees, and is one great means of preventing the necessity for their swarming, as it enables them to continue their work at the time that there is the greatest abundance of treasure for them in the fields, and when Bees in outage-lives, cannot profit by it, owing to their want, not of inclination to gather it, but of room in their lives to store it; they therefore swarm once, twice, perhaps three times. What then can be afterwards expected from such exhausted stocks but weakness and poverty? The more numerous the working Bees are in any colony, the more honey they will collect, _provided they have room wherein to store it._
Accommodate them, then, with convenient store room, and the more workers you have
**362**
in your boxes the better. Up to the middle of August you may, with safety, that is, without injury to the Bees, take off glasses and boxes, as they become ready. _After that time_ it is advisable to have, and to leave, in every colony, honey sufficient for the subsistence of the Bees until next spring; and should you take off a full box, later in the season than the middle of August, instead of emptying it of all its treasure, be content with a part of it,--take a part, and _return a part--share it with your Bees, and let their share be a liberal one._ As has been already enjoined--_on no account inoperish them by over-deprivation,_ at that precarious season especially. They possibly may collect much honey after that time; if so, share with them again; if not, have them rich from your first bounty.
When a box, well-stored with honey, is taken off, it is not an easy matter to extract the first comb or two, without breaking them and spoiling their beauty, besides shedding more or less of the honey ; therefore, be prepared with proper knives. Any common knife that has a blade long enough, may serve to sever the combs from the sides of a box : but to cut them from the top, it is advisableto have an instrument, which may be called a Bee-knife, of the following construction :- a two-edged, lancet-shaped blade, two inches long and three-eights of an inch broad, having the hole, through which the rivet would pass to fix it in a haft, drilled large enough to admit the end of a steel rod, upon which it is to be well brazed or riveted : the other end of this rod may be finished with a neat handle, leaving its clear length between the contrate blade and the handle eleven inches - that being rather more than the depth of my Bee-boxes. A knife of this description may easily be passed between the combs, and is very convenient for cutting them from the top of a box.
The engravinghereunto annexed represents _a pair of bee-knives:_ the instrument, marked B. is the knife above described ; and that, marked A. is a knife better adapted for cutting combs from the sides of a box than is a common knife : its construction is so simple as not to require further description.
Whenever you have occasion to perform any operation among your Bces, be provided with every requisite material, implement, &c. Have not any thing to seek for, much less to get made, at the moment it is wanted: _that moment may perhaps be a critical one._
In September unite the Bces of poor stocks to rich ones; and now, or in March, transfer stocks from straw lives into boxes.
Previously to withdrawing the tin-divider, for the purpose of opening the communication into an end-box, take off the end-box and dress its inside with a little liquid honey; this will bring the Bces into it, when, but for the honey, they would perhaps refuse to enter it; and at that time close the ventilation. It is wrong to ventiate empty boxes, because it drives the Bces into the position : and it is a fact, that they will swarm from the pavilion, rather than take possession of an empty end-box, if its temperature be, and be kept, disagreeably cold, by having the ventilation open at the very time it should be carefully closed. This will both explain and remedy the difficulty, that some apiarians complain of having experienced, in getting their Bces to take possession of an empty-box; it will also account for swarms sometimes leaving the pavilion when there is no want of room : the fact is--that the temperature of _that room_ is not agreeable to them : but it is owing to the mismanagement of the apiator that it is otherwise than agreeable.
Whenever a box is taken off, be careful to open the perforations in the cylindric ventilator, many of which will be found sealed up with propolis. These perforations may be cleared at any time, by introducing a piece of wire with a sharpened point, turned so as to pick out the propolis; but they are most effectually opened when a box is off.
Towards the latter end of November, or earlier if the weather be inclement and severe, remove your Bee-boxes to their winter-situation: this should be _dry, quiet, cool,_ and _dark,_ and place your boxes in it so that they may front towards the north or north-cast.
Guard and close the entrance with a piece of fine wire-cloth, of Lariviere's patent tin, or of perforated zinc, (which is the best, on account of its not corroding) made fast to the box, either of which will confine the Bees within their domicil, admit plenty of fresh air, and keep out ininpared for winter, having every tin and block in its proper place, _disturb your Bees as little as possible,_ and, come winter as it may, they will pass it in that state of semi-insensibility, or torpor, which nature, or with reverence let me rather say--nature's God has appointed for them.
Towards the end of February, or as soon as vegetation begins to make its appearance, take your boxes from their winter to their summer stands, and commence another course of attentions, observations, and humane management, similar to that herein directed and explained. And, though cases may arise, and difficulties occur in the course of your practice, for the remedyingof which no specific directions are, or can be, here given, your own experience and progressive improvement in the pleasing science of Bee-management, will lead you to adopt the proper mode of treating the former, and the proper means of surmounting the latter.
* [19]
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