BEE-spoke-data/bees-v0 huggingface dataset:
We recommend to the inexperienced bee-keeper to read this synopsis of monthly management, again and again, and to be sure that he fully understands, and punctually discharges, the appropriate duties of each month, neglecting nothing, and procrastinating nothing to a more convenient season; for, while bees do not require a large amount of attention, in proportion to the profits yielded by them, they _must_ have it at the _proper time_ and in the _right way_. Those who complain of their unprofitableness, are often as much to blame as a farmer who neglects to take care of his stock, or to gather his crops, and then denounes his employment as yielding only a seauty return on a large investment of capital and labor.
In Short.
**S91.** Spring.--Keep hives warm, give plenty of food, help weak colonies, look out for robbers, remove drone-comb, prepare for queen-breeding, and for the honey crop.
**S92.** Summer.--Watch for swarms; and make divisions,if inerease is wanted. Give sufficient storage-room. Give additional ventilation if needed. Whenever the crop is over, remove the surplus.
**S93**. Fall\(-\)Look out for robbers, and for moths on unoccupied combs. See that all hives have suffeient stores for Winter, and unite worthless colonies to others.
**S94**. Winter\(-\)For out of doors, pack absorbents in upper story, removing air-tight quilts. Shelter as mueh as possible from winds. Leave the bees quiet in cold weather, and see that they have a flight in warm weather. Do not be confident of safe winterung till _March_ is over. Then proportionate the room to the strength of the colony. For cellar wintering, take the bees in, after a warm day, leave them quiet, in the dark, with an even temperature; take them out on a warm day, and decrease the brood-chamber to suit the strength of the colonies.
Mistakes that Beginners Are Liable to Make.
**S95**. 1.\(-\)They are apt to think themselves _posted_ after they have read the _theory,_ and before they get the _practice._
_2.\(-\)Hence they are apt to _invent or adopt new hices,_ that are lacking in the most important features (**33S**).
_3.\(-\)They are apt to think that bees are harvesting honey, at times when they are starving. They should remember that each honey crop lasts only a few days,\(-\)a few weeks at most,
_4.\(-\)They are apt to mistake young bees on their first trip for robbers and _vice versa._ Young bees fly out _in the afternoon only,_ and do not hunt around corners. Robbers are gorged with honey when coming out of the plundered hive, and a number of them are slick, hairless and shiny. Bees that have been fed in the hive or whose coubs have been damaged, or extracted, and returned to the hive, ate like robbers, and ineite robbing (**664**).
_5.\(-\)They are apt to overdo artificial swarming (**481**).
6.-They are apt to extract too much honey from the brodecombs (**771**).
7.-They underestimate the value of good worker comb (**676**).
8.-They do not pay sufficient attention to the removal of the excess of drone-comb (**675**).
9.-They become easily discouraged by Winter losses and Spring dwindling. Some of our most successful Apiarists periodically lose a large portion of their colonies, and promptly recruit again, by the help of their empty workers: (**676**).
10.-When they find bee-keeping successful, they are liable to rush into it on too large a scale before being sufficiently acquainted with it. "If there is any business in this world that demands industry, skill and tact, to insure suecess, it is this of ours."-(Hedron.)
11.-They are apt to try two or three different styles of hives, before they find out that it is important to have all the hives, frames, caps, erates, etc., in an apiary, alike, and interchangeable, except for purposes of experiment.
12.-They are liable to attempt to winter their bees in a cold room, or in some repository in which the temperature goes below the freezing point (**64S**). Many a colony has been thus innocently murdered, by misguided solicitude.
13.-They are prone to establish rules of action from experiments made on one or two colonies and thus make a rule out of an exception. Experiments have little value if they have not been conducted on a large scale.
Bee-Keepers' Axioms.
**S96.** There are a few _first principles_ in bee-keeping which ought to be as familiar to the Apiarist as the 'etters of his alphabet:
1st. Bees queried with honey never volunteer an attack.
Thus, bees that come back loaded from the field, or bees that have gurged themselves for swarming, are not dangerous.
The bees that are to be feared are those that have joined a swarm without fully gorging themselves. In the hive, the guardians, and the old bees that are ready to depart for the field, are the most dangerous.
During a good honey harvest, the bees are nearly all filled with honey and there is but little danger from stinging.
Those races of bees that cannot be compelled, by smoke, to fill themselves with honey, are the most dangerous, to handle.
Bees disiike any _quick_ movements about their hives, especially any motion that _jars_ their combs.
The bee-keeper will ordinarily derive all his profits from colonies, strong and healthy in early Spring.
In districts where forage is abundant only for a short period, the largest yield of honey will be secured by a _every_ moderate increase of colonies.
A moderate increase of colonies in any one season, will, in the long run, prove to be the easiest, safest, and cheapest mode of managing bees.
Queenless colonies, unless supplied with a queen, will inevitably dwindle away, or be destroyed by the bee-moth, or by robber-bees.
It must be obvious, to eever, intelligent bee-keeper, that the perfect control of the combs of the hive is the soul of a system of practical management, which may be modified to suit the wants of all who cultivate bees.
A man, who knows "_all about bees,"_ and does not believe that anything more can be gained by reading Bee-Journals, new bee-books, etc., will soon be far behind the age. Yet, as what is written in the journals and books, ours included, is not always perfectly correct, every bee-keeper should try to sit the grain from the chaff.
The formation of new colonies should ordinarily be confined to the season when bees are _accumulating_ honey;and if this, or any other operation must be performed when forage is scarce, the greatest precautions should be used to prevent robbing.
The essence of all profitable bee-keeping is contained in Oettl's Golden Rule: keep your colonies strong. If you cannot succeed in doing this, the more money you invest in bees, the heavier will be your losses; while, if your colonies are strong you will show that you are a _bee-master_, as well as a bee-keeper, and may safely calculate on generous returns from your indisturious subjects.
## Text ILLUSTRATIONS.
'''
109Row of queen-cells...278172Buckwheat...4121110Dipping-stick...280173Sage....413111Miller queen cage....283171Ascleplus tuberosa....4111112Aplary in California....290175Ascleplas syriaca....41113Abdomen of Italian bee...295176Pollen of milkweed....4114114Aplary in Bulgaria....302177Epilobium splcatum....411115Aplary of Mendleson....304178Valerian....4115116House apiary of Jecker....305179Enothera grandiflora....411118Bedapy....307180Brayciath....411118House apiary of Biatt....3111181Lily of the valley....41119Aplary in the Alps....314182Solomon's seal....41120Window screen....5118183Mignonette....41121Benton cage....325184Crimson clover....41122Bentnon cage....325185Sainfoln....4119123Canfeeder....332186One piece sections....431124Hill feeder....33187Folded sections....432125Doolittle feeder....333188Superwint pattern slate...433126Miller feeder....333189Full depth section frame....434127Hill device....346190Slope of cells when ln-128Hives sheltered with straw.347verted....435128biaWinter packing....3511Beddon reversible hive....436129Clolister hive....351192Section super with wood
130Double-wall hive....354separators....43913Double-wall hive, inside....193Section super with fences....440view....355194Wood-band zinc....441132Double-wall Cowan blive....356195Unbend zinc....441133Chaffhive....357196Slatted wood-zinc honey-134Cheshire....358board....441135Outer covering....359197Unfinished sections....445136Cellar blind....363198Top and bottom starters....445137Cellar blind....364199Wide frame, half filled....447138Bee-clamp....367200Super with springs....448139How to pile the hives....367201Miller T super....449140Ground plan of clamp....367202Open sections....450141In the snrow....37320Cowan honey extractor....453142Original foundation mill....38204Half-story supers....457143Latest foundation mill....284205Novice honey extractor....40214Vandervort mill....386204Super with robber cloths....464145Thin base foundation....388207Porter bee-escape....465146Foundation in sections....389208Dadant capping-can....466147Parker listener....3911209Uncapping and extracting.467148Rauchluss section folder....39120Dingbam honey-knife....468149Hannbaugh roller....392211Large funnel and sieve....469150Foundation wired in frame.393212Appearance of foul-brood..476151Vandervort spurr....394213Bertrand fumigator....479152Miller splints....395214Bee-month....489153Locust blossoms....399215Moth....490154White clover....400216Larva and moth....49217Gallery of moth....493154134151213Theworms....493157Red clover....402219Cocons spun by larva of moth....4941515Elladen....40315415220Wesb and remnants of 160Borage....405combs destroyed by moth....497161Sweet clover....40622Yellow mel
## Chapter 11 NDAX.
### 11.1 Page.
**Page.**
**About metal spacer.** 170 Aristotle, o odrones.** 88
**Abscoading swarms** 233 " on eggs 60
**Adobe for hives.** 177 " on foul-brood 473
**Aduleration, of beeswax.** 387 " on fruit 19
**of honey.** 518 " on Italian bees.** 292
**Afterswarming** 230 " on moth.** 489
**Afterswarmbs, prevention of.** 241.** 242 " on police 125
**" superiority of.** 233 " on robber-bees 375
**" objections to...** 233 " on scent of theme.** 288
**Age of the queen when focus-** " on stroegg odors.** 206
**dated** 53 " on water 370
**Age sign of old, io bees.** 80-82 Artificial swarming 243
**Air, see Ventilation.** 179 advices on..** 253
**Alexaader, ou overstockiog...** 423 ", caution about
**Alley, drone trap.** 80 255, 256
**" mailing queens 324 " by dividing.** 241
**" method of queen-rearing** ** by drivlag
**276, 277 bees.** 247
**" on impregnation 54 " by removing
**Alighting-board, see Aproa....** 166 " the hive.** 246
**Al-like clover** 403 " improved..** 249
**American frames** 153 " nucleus
**Anumonta for stings.** 208 " method.** 251
**Anger of bees.** 189, 205 " with queens**
**Antenne** 7 " already reared.** 250, 252
**" bees cannot live without 14 " with queen-
**" cutting of the....** 14-15 " cells.** 251
**" as organs of hearing...** 10 " increasing
**" as organs for smellogg.** 11 " experiments of Huber on
**Association of bee-keepers.** 545
**Ants about the hive.** 506 " Austria, yield of honey.** 421
**" foodness for honey.** 509 " Automatic extractor
**" their fecundity** 41 " Axioms, bee-keepers' 553
**Aphides, Partheogenesis of the 61 " causes of honey dew**
**119, 120 Bacillus alvei, see Foul-brood**
**Apiaries, covered** 300 " Batti, in sections.** 437
**" out of doors.** 303 " Haldenstein, oo Italian bees 207
**" sheds for** 306 " Balled queecs 227, 284
**Apiary** 301 " Bar-hives 135, 136, 140, 241
**" slow motiosa around the..** 199 " Barbo
**Apifuge** 195 " Barrels for honey**
**Apis dorsnt** 300 "469.** 470, 512, 511
**Apis fasclata** 348 " Basswood, see Lioden**
**Apis ligustica** 353 " Bears and bees.** 505
**Apis mellifica** 392 "Beaunier on the production of**
**Apron, or alighting-board.** 166 " wax 99
INDEX.
Berlepsch, hive.................144 Burmeister, names the stomach- "" defects of....146 Beraard, oo the brain of birds. 15 Bertrand, description of foul- "" bored.476, 477, 485 Burnes as an observer.................77 "" on Hilbert's cure...479 "" honey as cure "" for warts.530 "" on drones.................89 "" honey plants....420 "" on drone traps....89 "" Langstroth hive.146 "" on handling bees....190 "" queens dying of "" on the bee-stime....207 "" on sectional hives....135 Bevan, cure for bee stogs....208 "" on sense of smell....206 "" on bee-moths....492, 493 "" saw the queen deposit "" honey-dew....120 eggs....40 "" larvae....71, 73, 74 ""ropolis....110, 112 "" salt....131 Cages, Introducing....283 "" quotations of Huber....291 "" shippiog....325 "" Reaumur.185 Cakes....528 Bickford, first use of the ol-....California, crop of....425 cloth....172 "" first bees....251 Bingham, knife....468 Caudied honey....515 "" on hooney viegar....529 "" how bees dissolve....129 "" smoker....191, 194 "" melting....517 Birds and bees....503 Candy, for feeding....334, 235 "" should not be killed....501 "" for shipping....334 "" injuring fruit....541 "" making....33+ Bi-sulphbide of carbon....498 "" Scholz....335 Bledsoe, on the sting....38 "" shops, killing bees....338 Blocks for the entrance....166 Cans, for honey....521 Blood of bees....29 Cap of the hive....174 Boerhave on Swammerdam....40 Capping can....466 Bohemia honey production....421 Cappings....467, 531 Boiling honey against foul brood....Cappings of honey cells, air-....479, 480, 484 tight?....122 "" wax....532, 533 Carbolize acid for foul-brood.....481 Boissier, on honey-dew....118 Carbolized sheet....195, 378 Bonnier, oo Darwin....6 Carrollian bees....292 "" honey-dew....121 Cary, oo uniting colonlo!s....319 "" nectaries....118, 121 "" witnessed the mating of Bottom-boards....160-16-167....65 Bottom-boards, encased....165 Castella, oo preserving combs Box-bives....133, 134....135 Catalye of bee plants....408 Brain of bees....15 Caching queen of a swarm.225 Braula ccca....506 "" queen for shipment or Breathing upon bees....207 Breeding in and in....91 Causes of swarming....211, 234 Bridges....159, 263, 264 Cellar blinds....343, 361 Bridal trip....54 Brimstooling bees....133, 428 "" dark....365 "" honey comb to Keep....366 "" the moth....498 "" removing bees from....366
Brood accidentally killed....487 "" temperature....362 "" casting the skia....73 "" ventilation....365 "" chamber in two stories....360....361 "" objectionable....152 Cells, accommodation....108, 104 "" duration of development....92 "" bottom of....100....100....110....111....112....113....114....115....116....117....118....117....119....120....121....122....123....124....125....126....127....128....129....121....128....129....121....129....122....123....121....124....125....126....127....128....129....129....121....129....121
INDEX.
Cells, queen.........45,46,268-271,| Collin, caa bees hear?.........10.........278-281 " Invention of perforated zinc 89 "" size of.........102 "" on duration of transforma- "" solution of a problem...100.........75 "" thickaess of.........104 "" on how many bcs in a "" worker.........103.........826 Chaff hives.........557 Colonless, artificial increase of.243 Cheshire, criticism of.....12 "" killed by heart....181 "" his criticism of an en- "" natural increase of....211 graving....104 "" number of, in an apiary....358....316,423,426 "" winter packing of.352 "" queenless "" mistake of....145....42,262,265,379,499 "" on air-tight cappings.122 "" removing....327 "" on breathing....32 "" shipping....320 "" on cure of foul-brood. "" strong, best for honey.420....481,483 "" transferring....472 "" on diarrhea....473....309,313,314,315 "" on foul-brood....474 "" weak, easily robbed....379 "" on how to suspend foun-....427 "" diation in frames.395 Colorado, Italian bees in....293 "" on the antennae.7,8,10, Colors as guide for bees.6,7,306....11,12....Columella, his writings..177 "" "" blood....30 "" mentions the bee-month.459 "" eyes....4 "" on artificial swarming.243 "" feet....23 "" on feeding bees.329,332 "" glands....16-17 "" on handling bees.199 "" heart....30 "" on Italian bees.294 "" larvae....73 "" on spring examination of "" legs....23,24,25 "" colonies....378 "" name of worker-cigs.41 "" on transporting bees.332 "" pollen baskets....24-25 "" on weak colonies....266 "" skeleton of the bee.2 "" survival of the fit.....84 "" invention of separators.439 "" tongue....20-21 "" on bees transferring eggs.47 "" on wax....94 Combat of queens....52 Chickens close hives in the even-....500....buck....203 "" building....93,107 "" eat drones....91,505 "" built upwards....93 Chin of the bee.18 "" foundation.advantages of.382....6 "" a success....396 Chifone....286 "" dipping....289 Chyle....28 "" faster....392 Clamps for widering....36S "" for brood-combs.388,393 "" Vaa Deusea's....160 "" for comb honey.38S!laws and pullvill....23 "" for swarms.395,396 Cleaning propoils from the hands....112 "" how to fasten.392,393 "" propolis from the secotens....43 "" first manufacturer. Cleansiog beeswax....531....384,390 Clipping the wings of queens....225,226 "" in sections.388,399....225,226 "" inveuof.....384 Cloister hive....353 "" mills, Root....384,385 Cloth, oil or eameled....172 "" "" Vaadervort....386 Clover, alsike....403 "" moulding....389 Clover, mellid or sweet.405 "" plater moulds for.385 "" red....22,121,128,400 "" press....385 "" white....398 "" right position....395 Clover honey....508 "" strips for guides.158 Clypeus....19 "" wax for....387....360 Coocons of bees....74 "" "" Weed process....386 "" of bee-month....497 "" weight of different Cold climate for wintering....340 "" water for stings....208 "" wiring....393
Comb guides for frames.157,158,221 |Confinement, in cellar 360 Comb honey, best selling. 130 " out of doors. 353 "
cappiog of....122 |Constipation 369,472 "
care in shipping511,512 |Cqosumption of honey. 520 "
difficult to produce.434 " by bees in
leakage 510,511 " Winter. 341,342 "
moths 1a....498 " of polea....125 "
production.430 |Cntagious diseases....472-487 "
by reversible.435 |Coutraction of brood cham. "
improve. 369,370,437 "
ments in.431,432 |Cook, his praise of the Langs-
in wide |
truth live....142 "
frames.418 |" Lubbock's experiment... 6
in large |
on enemies of bees....507 "
frames.431 |" on Neighbour's opinion... 54 "
in lower |
on the proofs of the moth.490 |
story. 433 |
on the ears of bees....11 "
in sections...431 |" |oo production of wax "
in shallow up. "
per stories. 433 |" quotation of Doolithic. 260 "
in supers. 448,449 |Cowan, apifnge....195 "
remarks... " automatic extractors...469 "
oo. 450,451 |" hive....256 "
Larvae casting the *kin. 73 -- Miller, C. C., adding supers....444
** duration of development. 74 -- halts in sections....437
** fed from the glands of -- bottom hoards....167
workers....28 -- cellar wintering....362
** how fed....71 -- ellipping queens' whings.226
** of queens copiously fed.47, 48 -- excluders....442
Laying of eggs...65 -- fastening foundation.393
** hindered by shallow -- feeder....333
** frames....152 -- feeding out doors....381
** of two queens in the same -- foundation starters.
** -workers....77 -- introduction of queen.287
** how to get rid of.. 80 -- number of colonies in Leakage of honey....510, 512, 523
** one location.426
** Logs of bees....22 -- prevention of swarm. "" covered with hairs.23
** notches of the first pair...24 -- queen cage....253
** pollen haskets of the -- queen cells....46
** posterior... 24 -- removing comb honey.415
** second pair....24 -- rohher cloths....i63
Leidy, dissections of queens.56, 59 -- scraping propolis from Levi on mating....54, 55
** sections....43
** Life of colonies, length of....81 -- section supers....449
** Life of queens, length of....67 -- smoking bees....194,195
** Life of worker, length of....80 -- success with small** Light in the cell....363 -- hives.156
** on bees....201 -- super....449
** Linden....403 -- time of removal of Longfellow, quotation from....289
** bees from cellar.546
** Loesing the frames....202 -- uses tio tops....175
** Loss of bees by heat....182 -- Mills on painting hlves different**...the queen....262
** " " sting....37**
** Love of the workers for the**
** Queen.42, 324**
** Queens of hees....31**
** More on honey....525
** MacCord on hive covers....175**
** McEvoy, treatment of foul-....15-19**
** brood.482, 483, 487**
** McaLin statistics from....425**
** Marine, see Frrames.
** Magnetizing bees....196**
** Mahan, experiments on drones.** S8....306, 320, 327
** " refrigerating**
** Munn hive....112**
** Queens....64**
** Muth honey cake....528**
** imported Italian bees.289**
** " boeny vinegar....529**
** Mailing queens....324**
** Malpighian tubes....29**
** " foul-brood method...477, 478**
** Mandihles of bees....19**
** Manum on the control of swarming....458**
** Marketing, see Honey marketing.**
** Natural swarming....211**
** Mats....173**
** Material for hives....177**
** Natar, best condition to pro-...118**
** Mating of the queen....54**
** Maxillie....20**
** "....20**
** Mehring, inventor of comb....38*
** " stamp for securing....157**
** straight combs..157**
** Mellpones....293, 300**
** " extraforal....118**
** Melting honey....514, 517**
** " wax....532**
** " reabsorbed by plants..118**
**Memory of bees....14, 366**
** " storing and evaporating.122**
**Mentum....20**
** Yields of, vary greatly.
** Metatarus of bees....24**
** Mice in bee hives....503**
** Nervous system in bees....29**
370 INDEX.
Newman on uses of honey.525,526
Palpi and maxille................ 20 Norton on outdoor wintering.3569
Paraffine, melting point of...387
Notch of the first pair of legs.24 Parsons importation...298
Nucleus...269.271
Parthenogenesis...58,59
" for artificial swarming.251
" brown by Ital-
" how made...271,273
" prepared in advance...275
Pasteur on breeding bacilli...475
" small...281
" on inoculation...209
" strong...275
Pasturage for bees...297
Numbering the bives...176
Patents...177
Nursing glands of workers...15,16
Perforated time...89,240,411
Nurses...68,69
Phillips, on the bee-month...489
" on queen-rearing...282
Observing hives...184
Piping of the queen...51,232
" for pleasure and Polson of the sting...38,207
" instruction.185
" sack...35
" in apartments...187
Pollen...123
" bests...24,25
" dcup of bees...254,255
" fresh preferred...124
" of drones...53
" of foul-broud...476,477
" of the moth...498
" of the poison of bees...38
" of the queen...283,288
" used when bees make
" Octtl, golden rule...556
" on honey yield...422,423
" on the language of bees...54
" on statistics...421
" straw hive...196
" moths in combs.
Oll cloth...172
" Old age, signs of, in bees...82
" robbing...377
Old and young queens living to-...swarming...234
gether...52
Old bee-keepers venom-proof...209
Production of honey...428
Olfactory, organs...11
", Gird experi-
" hard in Winter...111
" lead bees to...13
" how to clean from the hands...112
flowers...13
" from other things...112
Opening hives...202
" on sections...443
Orphan bees raising queens...47
" solis the comb...111
" this saw impregnation...55
" uses for bees...111,112
" out-apapaires, why...316
" " in commerce...114
" conditions required...316
" bow many...317
" our terms for...317
Outer-boxes for wintering...359
Queen, age at feucdation...54
Out of doors wintering...346
" balled...227,284
Ovarles of a drone-laying queen...59
" beginning to lny...65
" of the queen...57
" of workers...77
" Overcheck, discovery of origin of...55
" case...283,284,325
wax...99
" clipping wings of...225,326
Overstocking...420
" contents of spermatheca of 56
" opinions on...426
dejections, licked by work.
" description of...42,48
Packard on the breathing organs...32
" destitute of nursig gland...14
" inistinct of bees...29
" difference in prolificness of 66
Pain d'epices...527
" does not govern...41
Painting hive...176
" duration of development of..." different colors...306
" " " " transforma-
Palequ hive...135
## 4 CONTENTS.