Momiji has got a rooted tree, consisting of n nodes. The tree nodes are numbered by integers from 1 to n. The root has number 1. Momiji decided to play a game on this tree.

The game consists of several steps. On each step, Momiji chooses one of the remaining tree nodes (let's denote it by v) and removes all the subtree nodes with the root in node v from the tree. Node v gets deleted as well. The game finishes when the tree has no nodes left. In other words, the game finishes after the step that chooses the node number 1.

Each time Momiji chooses a new node uniformly among all the remaining nodes. Your task is to find the expectation of the number of steps in the described game.


-----Input-----

The first line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the number of nodes in the tree. The next n - 1 lines contain the tree edges. The i-th line contains integers a_{i}, b_{i} (1 ≤ a_{i}, b_{i} ≤ n; a_{i} ≠ b_{i}) — the numbers of the nodes that are connected by the i-th edge.

It is guaranteed that the given graph is a tree.


-----Output-----

Print a single real number — the expectation of the number of steps in the described game.

The answer will be considered correct if the absolute or relative error doesn't exceed 10^{ - 6}.


-----Examples-----
Input
2
1 2

Output
1.50000000000000000000

Input
3
1 2
1 3

Output
2.00000000000000000000



-----Note-----

In the first sample, there are two cases. One is directly remove the root and another is remove the root after one step. Thus the expected steps are: 1 × (1 / 2) + 2 × (1 / 2) = 1.5

In the second sample, things get more complex. There are two cases that reduce to the first sample, and one case cleaned at once. Thus the expected steps are: 1 × (1 / 3) + (1 + 1.5) × (2 / 3) = (1 / 3) + (5 / 3) = 2

Source: codeforces | Difficulty: HARD
Tags: Mathematics

Tree algorithms

Implementation

Probability


Solutions:
from collections import defaultdict, deque
import sys
nodes = int(sys.stdin.readline())
edges = defaultdict(list)
for line in sys.stdin:
	(a, b) = line.split()
	a = int(a)
	b = int(b)
	edges[a].append(b)
	edges[b].append(a)
bfs = deque([(1, 1)])
depths = {}
while bfs:
	(nid, depth) = bfs.popleft()
	if nid in depths:
		continue
	depths[nid] = depth
	for n2 in edges[nid]:
		bfs.append((n2, depth + 1))
print(sum((1.0 / d for d in sorted(depths.values(), reverse=True))))


from collections import deque
from sys import stdin
input = stdin.readline
n = int(input())
a = [list(map(int, line.split())) for line in stdin.read().splitlines()]
adj = [[] for _ in range(n + 1)]
for (u, v) in a:
	adj[u].append(v)
	adj[v].append(u)
res = 0
if n == 1:
	print(1)
else:
	Q = deque()
	Q.append((0, 1))
	depth = 1
	visited = set()
	visited.add(1)
	while Q:
		res += 1.0 / depth * len(Q)
		for _ in range(len(Q)):
			(p, cur) = Q.popleft()
			for i in adj[cur]:
				if i != p:
					Q.append((cur, i))
		depth += 1
	print(res)