Automatons, or Finite State Machines (FSM), are extremely useful to programmers when it comes to software design. You will be given a simplistic version of an FSM to code for a basic TCP session.

The outcome of this exercise will be to return the correct state of the TCP FSM based on the array of events given.

---------------------------------

The input array of events will consist of one or more of the following strings:

```
APP_PASSIVE_OPEN, APP_ACTIVE_OPEN, APP_SEND, APP_CLOSE, APP_TIMEOUT, RCV_SYN, RCV_ACK, RCV_SYN_ACK, RCV_FIN, RCV_FIN_ACK
```

---------------------------------

The states are as follows and should be returned in all capital letters as shown:

```
CLOSED, LISTEN, SYN_SENT, SYN_RCVD, ESTABLISHED, CLOSE_WAIT, LAST_ACK, FIN_WAIT_1, FIN_WAIT_2, CLOSING, TIME_WAIT
```

---------------------------------

The input will be an array of events. Your job is to traverse the FSM as determined by the events, and return the proper state as a string, all caps, as shown above.

If an event is not applicable to the current state, your code will return `"ERROR"`.

### Action of each event upon each state:
(the format is `INITIAL_STATE: EVENT -> NEW_STATE`)

```
CLOSED: APP_PASSIVE_OPEN -> LISTEN
CLOSED: APP_ACTIVE_OPEN  -> SYN_SENT
LISTEN: RCV_SYN          -> SYN_RCVD
LISTEN: APP_SEND         -> SYN_SENT
LISTEN: APP_CLOSE        -> CLOSED
SYN_RCVD: APP_CLOSE      -> FIN_WAIT_1
SYN_RCVD: RCV_ACK        -> ESTABLISHED
SYN_SENT: RCV_SYN        -> SYN_RCVD
SYN_SENT: RCV_SYN_ACK    -> ESTABLISHED
SYN_SENT: APP_CLOSE      -> CLOSED
ESTABLISHED: APP_CLOSE   -> FIN_WAIT_1
ESTABLISHED: RCV_FIN     -> CLOSE_WAIT
FIN_WAIT_1: RCV_FIN      -> CLOSING
FIN_WAIT_1: RCV_FIN_ACK  -> TIME_WAIT
FIN_WAIT_1: RCV_ACK      -> FIN_WAIT_2
CLOSING: RCV_ACK         -> TIME_WAIT
FIN_WAIT_2: RCV_FIN      -> TIME_WAIT
TIME_WAIT: APP_TIMEOUT   -> CLOSED
CLOSE_WAIT: APP_CLOSE    -> LAST_ACK
LAST_ACK: RCV_ACK        -> CLOSED
```

!["EFSM TCP" ](http://theangelfallseries.com/img/EFSM_TCP.png)

## Examples

```
["APP_PASSIVE_OPEN", "APP_SEND", "RCV_SYN_ACK"] =>  "ESTABLISHED"

["APP_ACTIVE_OPEN"] =>  "SYN_SENT"

["APP_ACTIVE_OPEN", "RCV_SYN_ACK", "APP_CLOSE", "RCV_FIN_ACK", "RCV_ACK"] =>  "ERROR"
```

 

This kata is similar to [Design a Simple Automaton (Finite State Machine)](https://www.codewars.com/kata/design-a-simple-automaton-finite-state-machine), and you may wish to try that kata before tackling this one.

See wikipedia page [Transmission Control Protocol]( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol)
for further details.

See http://www.medianet.kent.edu/techreports/TR2005-07-22-tcp-EFSM.pdf page 4, for the FSM diagram used for this kata.

Source: codewars | Difficulty: MEDIUM_HARD
Tags: Dynamic programming

Starter code: def traverse_TCP_states(events):
	

Solutions:
STATE_TO_COMMANDS = {'CLOSED': {'APP_PASSIVE_OPEN': 'LISTEN', 'APP_ACTIVE_OPEN': 'SYN_SENT'}, 'LISTEN': {'RCV_SYN': 'SYN_RCVD', 'APP_SEND': 'SYN_SENT', 'APP_CLOSE': 'CLOSED'}, 'SYN_RCVD': {'APP_CLOSE': 'FIN_WAIT_1', 'RCV_ACK': 'ESTABLISHED'}, 'SYN_SENT': {'RCV_SYN': 'SYN_RCVD', 'RCV_SYN_ACK': 'ESTABLISHED', 'APP_CLOSE': 'CLOSED'}, 'ESTABLISHED': {'APP_CLOSE': 'FIN_WAIT_1', 'RCV_FIN': 'CLOSE_WAIT'}, 'FIN_WAIT_1': {'RCV_FIN': 'CLOSING', 'RCV_FIN_ACK': 'TIME_WAIT', 'RCV_ACK': 'FIN_WAIT_2'}, 'CLOSING': {'RCV_ACK': 'TIME_WAIT'}, 'FIN_WAIT_2': {'RCV_FIN': 'TIME_WAIT'}, 'TIME_WAIT': {'APP_TIMEOUT': 'CLOSED'}, 'CLOSE_WAIT': {'APP_CLOSE': 'LAST_ACK'}, 'LAST_ACK': {'RCV_ACK': 'CLOSED'}}

def traverse_TCP_states(events):
	state = 'CLOSED'
	for event in events:
		if event not in STATE_TO_COMMANDS[state]:
			return 'ERROR'
		state = STATE_TO_COMMANDS[state][event]
	return state


import re
FSM_STR = '\nCLOSED: APP_PASSIVE_OPEN -> LISTEN\nCLOSED: APP_ACTIVE_OPEN  -> SYN_SENT\nLISTEN: RCV_SYN          -> SYN_RCVD\nLISTEN: APP_SEND         -> SYN_SENT\nLISTEN: APP_CLOSE        -> CLOSED\nSYN_RCVD: APP_CLOSE      -> FIN_WAIT_1\nSYN_RCVD: RCV_ACK        -> ESTABLISHED\nSYN_SENT: RCV_SYN        -> SYN_RCVD\nSYN_SENT: RCV_SYN_ACK    -> ESTABLISHED\nSYN_SENT: APP_CLOSE      -> CLOSED\nESTABLISHED: APP_CLOSE   -> FIN_WAIT_1\nESTABLISHED: RCV_FIN     -> CLOSE_WAIT\nFIN_WAIT_1: RCV_FIN      -> CLOSING\nFIN_WAIT_1: RCV_FIN_ACK  -> TIME_WAIT\nFIN_WAIT_1: RCV_ACK      -> FIN_WAIT_2\nCLOSING: RCV_ACK         -> TIME_WAIT\nFIN_WAIT_2: RCV_FIN      -> TIME_WAIT\nTIME_WAIT: APP_TIMEOUT   -> CLOSED\nCLOSE_WAIT: APP_CLOSE    -> LAST_ACK\nLAST_ACK: RCV_ACK        -> CLOSED\n'.strip()
FSM = {(m.group(1), m.group(2)): m.group(3) for m in (re.fullmatch('(\\w+):\\s+(\\w+)\\s+->\\s+(\\w+)', a) for a in FSM_STR.split('\n'))}

def traverse_TCP_states(events):
	state = 'CLOSED'
	for e in events:
		state = FSM.get((state, e), 'ERROR')
	return state


STATES = {'CLOSED': {'APP_PASSIVE_OPEN': 'LISTEN', 'APP_ACTIVE_OPEN': 'SYN_SENT'}, 'LISTEN': {'RCV_SYN': 'SYN_RCVD', 'APP_SEND': 'SYN_SENT', 'APP_CLOSE': 'CLOSED'}, 'SYN_RCVD': {'APP_CLOSE': 'FIN_WAIT_1', 'RCV_ACK': 'ESTABLISHED'}, 'SYN_SENT': {'RCV_SYN': 'SYN_RCVD', 'RCV_SYN_ACK': 'ESTABLISHED', 'APP_CLOSE': 'CLOSED'}, 'ESTABLISHED': {'APP_CLOSE': 'FIN_WAIT_1', 'RCV_FIN': 'CLOSE_WAIT'}, 'FIN_WAIT_1': {'RCV_FIN': 'CLOSING', 'RCV_FIN_ACK': 'TIME_WAIT', 'RCV_ACK': 'FIN_WAIT_2'}, 'CLOSING': {'RCV_ACK': 'TIME_WAIT'}, 'FIN_WAIT_2': {'RCV_FIN': 'TIME_WAIT'}, 'TIME_WAIT': {'APP_TIMEOUT': 'CLOSED'}, 'CLOSE_WAIT': {'APP_CLOSE': 'LAST_ACK'}, 'LAST_ACK': {'RCV_ACK': 'CLOSED'}}

def traverse_TCP_states(events):
	state = 'CLOSED'
	try:
		for e in events:
			state = STATES[state][e]
		return state
	except KeyError:
		return 'ERROR'


NEW_STATE = {'CLOSED__APP_PASSIVE_OPEN': 'LISTEN', 'CLOSED__APP_ACTIVE_OPEN': 'SYN_SENT', 'LISTEN__RCV_SYN': 'SYN_RCVD', 'LISTEN__APP_SEND': 'SYN_SENT', 'LISTEN__APP_CLOSE': 'CLOSED', 'SYN_RCVD__APP_CLOSE': 'FIN_WAIT_1', 'SYN_RCVD__RCV_ACK': 'ESTABLISHED', 'SYN_SENT__RCV_SYN': 'SYN_RCVD', 'SYN_SENT__RCV_SYN_ACK': 'ESTABLISHED', 'SYN_SENT__APP_CLOSE': 'CLOSED', 'ESTABLISHED__APP_CLOSE': 'FIN_WAIT_1', 'ESTABLISHED__RCV_FIN': 'CLOSE_WAIT', 'FIN_WAIT_1__RCV_FIN': 'CLOSING', 'FIN_WAIT_1__RCV_FIN_ACK': 'TIME_WAIT', 'FIN_WAIT_1__RCV_ACK': 'FIN_WAIT_2', 'CLOSING__RCV_ACK': 'TIME_WAIT', 'FIN_WAIT_2__RCV_FIN': 'TIME_WAIT', 'TIME_WAIT__APP_TIMEOUT': 'CLOSED', 'CLOSE_WAIT__APP_CLOSE': 'LAST_ACK', 'LAST_ACK__RCV_ACK': 'CLOSED'}

def traverse_TCP_states(events, state='CLOSED'):
	for event in events:
		QUERY = '%s__%s' % (state, event)
		if QUERY in NEW_STATE:
			state = NEW_STATE[QUERY]
		else:
			return 'ERROR'
	return state


def traverse_TCP_states(events):
	lib = {('CLOSED', 'APP_PASSIVE_OPEN'): 'LISTEN', ('CLOSED', 'APP_ACTIVE_OPEN'): 'SYN_SENT', ('LISTEN', 'RCV_SYN'): 'SYN_RCVD', ('LISTEN', 'APP_SEND'): 'SYN_SENT', ('LISTEN', 'APP_CLOSE'): 'CLOSED', ('SYN_RCVD', 'APP_CLOSE'): 'FIN_WAIT_1', ('SYN_RCVD', 'RCV_ACK'): 'ESTABLISHED', ('SYN_SENT', 'RCV_SYN'): 'SYN_RCVD', ('SYN_SENT', 'RCV_SYN_ACK'): 'ESTABLISHED', ('SYN_SENT', 'APP_CLOSE'): 'CLOSED', ('ESTABLISHED', 'APP_CLOSE'): 'FIN_WAIT_1', ('ESTABLISHED', 'RCV_FIN'): 'CLOSE_WAIT', ('FIN_WAIT_1', 'RCV_FIN'): 'CLOSING', ('FIN_WAIT_1', 'RCV_FIN_ACK'): 'TIME_WAIT', ('FIN_WAIT_1', 'RCV_ACK'): 'FIN_WAIT_2', ('CLOSING', 'RCV_ACK'): 'TIME_WAIT', ('FIN_WAIT_2', 'RCV_FIN'): 'TIME_WAIT', ('TIME_WAIT', 'APP_TIMEOUT'): 'CLOSED', ('CLOSE_WAIT', 'APP_CLOSE'): 'LAST_ACK', ('LAST_ACK', 'RCV_ACK'): 'CLOSED'}
	state = 'CLOSED'
	for command in events:
		state = lib.get((state, command), 'ERROR')
	return state


import abc

class Condition(abc.ABC):

	@abc.abstractmethod
	def check_condition(self, params):
		pass

class ConditionEvent(Condition):

	def __init__(self, event_name):
		self.event_name = event_name

	def check_condition(self, params):
		event_name = params
		return self.event_name == event_name

class Transition:

	def __init__(self, fsm, to):
		self.fsm = fsm
		self.to = to
		self.conditions = []

	def check_conditions(self, params):
		return all((cond.check_condition(params) for cond in self.conditions))

class State:

	def __init__(self, fsm, name):
		self.name = name
		self.transitions = []

	def next_state(self, params):
		next_state = next((trans.to for trans in self.transitions if trans.check_conditions(params)), None)
		return next_state

class FSM:

	def __init__(self):
		self.cur_state_name = None
		self.states = {}

	def next_state(self, params):
		cur_state = self.states[self.cur_state_name]
		next_state = cur_state.next_state(params)
		if next_state is None:
			raise RuntimeError('Error')
		self.cur_state_name = next_state

def create_scheme():
	scheme_str = '\nCLOSED: APP_PASSIVE_OPEN -> LISTEN\nCLOSED: APP_ACTIVE_OPEN  -> SYN_SENT\nLISTEN: RCV_SYN          -> SYN_RCVD\nLISTEN: APP_SEND         -> SYN_SENT\nLISTEN: APP_CLOSE        -> CLOSED\nSYN_RCVD: APP_CLOSE      -> FIN_WAIT_1\nSYN_RCVD: RCV_ACK        -> ESTABLISHED\nSYN_SENT: RCV_SYN        -> SYN_RCVD\nSYN_SENT: RCV_SYN_ACK    -> ESTABLISHED\nSYN_SENT: APP_CLOSE      -> CLOSED\nESTABLISHED: APP_CLOSE   -> FIN_WAIT_1\nESTABLISHED: RCV_FIN     -> CLOSE_WAIT\nFIN_WAIT_1: RCV_FIN      -> CLOSING\nFIN_WAIT_1: RCV_FIN_ACK  -> TIME_WAIT\nFIN_WAIT_1: RCV_ACK      -> FIN_WAIT_2\nCLOSING: RCV_ACK         -> TIME_WAIT\nFIN_WAIT_2: RCV_FIN      -> TIME_WAIT\nTIME_WAIT: APP_TIMEOUT   -> CLOSED\nCLOSE_WAIT: APP_CLOSE    -> LAST_ACK\nLAST_ACK: RCV_ACK        -> CLOSED\n'
	scheme = []
	for line in scheme_str.splitlines():
		if not line:
			continue
		(from_state, rest) = line.split(':')
		(event, to_state) = rest.split('->')
		scheme.append((from_state.strip(), to_state.strip(), event.strip()))
	return scheme

def create_fsm(scheme):
	fsm = FSM()
	for (from_state_name, to_state_name, event) in scheme:
		try:
			state = fsm.states[from_state_name]
		except KeyError:
			state = fsm.states[from_state_name] = State(fsm, from_state_name)
		transtion = Transition(fsm, to=to_state_name)
		transtion.conditions.append(ConditionEvent(event))
		state.transitions.append(transtion)
	return fsm

def traverse_TCP_states(events):
	scheme = create_scheme()
	fsm = create_fsm(scheme)
	fsm.cur_state_name = 'CLOSED'
	try:
		for event in events:
			fsm.next_state(event)
	except:
		return 'ERROR'
	else:
		return fsm.cur_state_name