解决debian ubuntu apt install 和 apt-get install 依赖问题最近在制作raspberry-pi 关于opencv4.10 python3.7 相关镜像时，
涉及到了Debian 系统， 里面需要安装很多相关的包，然后进行编译。
其中apt install 或 apt-get install 这个环节真是让人崩溃，总是遇到包冲突或包版本不对，
尝试了网上很多方法，没有一个能彻底解决。综合起来，总结了国外各种解决方式，得到了一个可行的解决办法:
#ubuntu debian 安装包冲突时，直接根据提示安装指定的版本,然后加上 --allow-downgrades
RUN apt-get install --allow-downgrades libjbig0=2.1-3.1 liblzma5=5.2.2-1.2
#libgtk2.0-dev : Depends: libpango1.0-dev>= 1.20 but it is not going to be installed # Depends: libcairo2-dev>= 1.6.4-6.1 but it is not going to be installed # Depends: libxext-dev>= 1:1.0.1-2 but it is not going to be installed # Depends: libxinerama-dev (>= 1:1.0.1-4.1 but it is not going to be installed # Depends: libxi-dev>= 1:1.0.1-4 but it is not going to be installed # Depends: libxrandr-dev>= 2:1.2.99 but it is not going to be installed # Depends: libxcomposite-dev>= 1:0.2.0-3 but it is not going to be installed # qt5-default : Depends: qtbase5-dev but it is not going to be installed #The following packages have unmet dependencies: # libcairo2-dev : Depends: libfontconfig1-dev (>= 2.2.95) but it is not going to be installed # libpango1.0-dev : Depends: libfontconfig1-dev (>= 2.10.91) but it is not going to be installed # Depends: libxft-dev but it is not going to be installed # libxext-dev : Depends: libxext6 (= 2:1.3.3-1) but 2:1.3.3-1+b2 is to be installed #The following packages have unmet dependencies: # libfontconfig1-dev : Depends: libfontconfig1 (= 2.11.0-6.7) but 2.11.0-6.7+b1 is to be installed # libxext-dev : Depends: libxext6 (= 2:1.3.3-1) but 2:1.3.3-1+b2 is to be installed
RUN apt install -y --allow-downgrades \ libfontconfig1=2.11.0-6.7 \ libxext6=2:1.3.3-1 \ libpango1.0-dev \ libcairo2-dev\ libxext-dev \ libxinerama-dev \ libxi-dev \ libxrandr-dev \ libxcomposite-dev \ qtbase5-dev \ libfontconfig1-dev \ libxft-dev