ling buyer” policy and bar foreign-ownership of agricultural land; however, no legislation formalizing these resolutions has been proposed.The Namibian Constitution makes pragmatic provision for different types of economic activity and a “mixed economy” (Article 98), accepts the importance of foreign investment (Article 99), and enshrines the principle that the ownership of natural resources is vested in the Namibian state (Article 100).Section 11 of the FIA reiterates the commitment to market compensation in the case of expropriation in terms of Article 16 of the Constitution.Holders of a Certificate of Status Investment must be compensated in foreign currency and can opt for international arbitration if any disputes arise.Dispute SettlementICSID Convention and New York ConventionNamibia signed but has not ratified the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID).The ICSID and New York Convention are therefore not applicable.Investor-State Dispute SettlementThe FIA allows for the settlement of disputes by international arbitration for investors that have obtained a Certificate of Status Investment (CSI) that includes a provision for international arbitration.The FIA stipulates that arbitration “shall be in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law in force at the time when the Certificate was issued” unless the CSI stipulated another form of dispute resolution.There have not been any investment disputes involving a U.S. person in the last 10 years.International Commercial Arbitration and Foreign CourtsAs the “one-stop-shop” for investors, the Namibia Investment Promotion and Development Board (NIPDB) is the body that first lear