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Phase-contrast microscope.Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
A urine sample prepared for examination under a phase-contrast microscope.Steven Fruitsmaak
acoustic microscope
Frits Zernike
ultramicroscope
X-ray microscope
electron-probe microanalyzer
major reference
in microscope: Phase-contrast microscopes
Many biological objects of interest consist of cell structures such as nuclei that are almost transparent; they transmit as much light as the mounting medium that surrounds them does. Because there is no colour or transmission contrast in such an object, it is not possible to observe the structure using a conventional optical microscope.
invention by Zernike
in Frits Zernike
Dutch physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast microscope, an instrument that permits the study of internal cell structure without the need to stain and thus kill the cells.
optical processing system example
in optics: Filtering
The phase-contrast microscope can be considered to be an example of an optical processing system, and the concepts understood by reference to Figure 9. Only the simplest form will be considered here. The spatial frequency spectrum of the phase object is formed and the phase of the central portion of that spectrum changed by π/2 or 3π/2 to produce positive or negative phase contrast,...
phase-contrast microscope
animal reproductive system
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In geology, determining a chronology or calendar of events in the history of Earth, using to a large degree the evidence of organic evolution in the sedimentary rocks accumulated...
rocket and missile system
Any of a variety of weapons systems that deliver explosive warheads to their targets by means of rocket propulsion. Rocket is a general term used broadly to describe a variety...
naval ship
The chief instrument by which a nation extends its military power onto the seas. Warships protect the movement over water of military forces to coastal areas where they may be...
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