Azzindani/Open_Reaction_Data huggingface dataset:
Reaction SMILES: [Cl:1][C:2]1[CH:7]=[CH:6][C:5]([NH:8][NH2:9])=[CH:4][CH:3]=1.[C:10]([CH:12]1[CH2:17][CH2:16][CH2:15][CH2:14][C:13]1=O)#[N:11].ClC1CCCCC1=O.[C-]#N.[K+]>C(O)(=O)C.C1(C)C=CC=CC=1.C(N(CC)CC)C>[NH2:11][C:10]1[N:8]([C:5]2[CH:6]=[CH:7][C:2]([Cl:1])=[CH:3][CH:4]=2)[N:9]=[C:13]2[C:12]=1[CH2:17][CH2:16][CH2:15][CH2:14]2
Reactant: NNc1ccc(Cl)cc1
Reactant: N#CC1CCCCC1=O
Agent: O=C1CCCCC1Cl
Agent: [C-]#N
Agent: [K+]
Solvent: CCN(CC)CC
Solvent: Cc1ccccc1
Solvent: CC(=O)O
Product: Nc1c2c(nn1-c1ccc(Cl)cc1)CCCC2
Temperature: 25 °C

Procedure:
A mixture of 3.6 parts of 4-chlorophenylhydrazine and 2.0 parts of triethylamine in 20.0 parts of toluene was stirred at room temperature for fifteen minutes. To the mixture was added 2.5 parts of 2-cyanocyclohexanone, prepared from commercial 2-chlorocyclohexanone and potassium cyanide [von R. E. Meyer, Helv. Chim. Acta., 16, 1291 (1933)], and a few drops of acetic acid. After refluxing for 2 hours, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was evaporated to remove toluene and was treated with water, extracted with diethyl ether, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated. Recrystallization from ethanol/water gave 2.6 parts of the compound, m.p. 140°-142°.
Reaction SMILES: Cl.[NH:2]1[CH2:7][CH2:6][C:5]2([C:15]3[C:10](=[CH:11][CH:12]=[CH:13][CH:14]=3)[CH:9]=[CH:8]2)[CH2:4][CH2:3]1.[C:16]1([CH3:26])[CH:21]=[CH:20][C:19]([S:22](Cl)(=[O:24])=[O:23])=[CH:18][CH:17]=1>C(Cl)Cl.C(N(CC)CC)C>[CH3:26][C:16]1[CH:21]=[CH:20][C:19]([S:22]([N:2]2[CH2:7][CH2:6][C:5]3([C:15]4[C:10](=[CH:11][CH:12]=[CH:13][CH:14]=4)[CH:9]=[CH:8]3)[CH2:4][CH2:3]2)(=[O:24])=[O:23])=[CH:18][CH:17]=1
Reactant: C1=CC2(CCNCC2)c2ccccc21
Reactant: Cc1ccc(S(=O)(=O)Cl)cc1
Agent: Cl
Solvent: ClCCl
Solvent: CCN(CC)CC
Product: Cc1ccc(S(=O)(=O)N2CCC3(C=Cc4ccccc43)CC2)cc1
Temperature: 25 °C
Reaction time: 1 h

Procedure:
Spiro(1H-indene-1,4'-piperidine)hydrochloride (65 mg, 293 μmol) and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (61.9 mg, 325 μmol) were combined in CH2Cl2 and treated with triethylamine (2 drops). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour, then poured onto a silica gel column and eluted with 35% hexane in CH2Cl2. The product fractions were combined and evaporated to dryness in vacuo to provide the title compound which was crystallized from ether, filtered and dried in vacuo overnight at ambient temperature: (m.p. 168°-170°).
Reaction SMILES: [H-].[Na+].[CH2:3]([C:7]1[S:11][C:10]([CH:12]=O)=[CH:9][CH:8]=1)[CH2:4][CH2:5][CH3:6].O.[CH3:15]S(C)=O>[Br-].C[P+](C1C=CC=CC=1)(C1C=CC=CC=1)C1C=CC=CC=1>[CH2:3]([C:7]1[S:11][C:10]([CH:12]=[CH2:15])=[CH:9][CH:8]=1)[CH2:4][CH2:5][CH3:6]
Reactant: CS(C)=O
Reactant: CCCCc1ccc(C=O)s1
Agent: C[P+](c1ccccc1)(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1
Agent: [Br-]
Agent: [H-]
Solvent: O
Product: C=Cc1ccc(CCCC)s1
Temperature: 15 °C
Reaction time: 2 h
Yield: 82 %

Procedure:
This Example illustrates the preparation of 4-[2-(5-n-butylthiophen-2-yl)-trans-cyclopropylmethyl]-2,6-cis-dimethylmorpholine (Compound No. 8 in Table I). Phosphorus oxychloride (12.02 g, 0.078 mol) was added dropwise to N-methylformanilide (10.62 g, 0.079 mol) and a yellow solid was produced. This was cooled to 0° C. for 1/2 hour, then 2-n-butylthiophene (10 g, 0.071 mol) was added dropwise and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The mixture was poured into ice/water, neutralised with sodium carbonate and extracted into diethyl ether. The ethereal extracts were washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and the solvent removed to give a brown oil. Purification by column chromatography (silica eluted with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 9:1) gave 5-n-butyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (11.8 g, 99%). Sodium hydride (6.63 g-50% suspension in oil, 0.138 mol) was washed with petroleum ether, suspended in dry DMSO (100 ml) and heated with stirring at 60°-70° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 15° C. and methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (48.72 g, 0.136 mol) was added portionwise with rapid stirring over a 1/2 hour period. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for a further 1 hour after the addition and 5-n-butyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (23 g, 0.137 mol) was added dropwise over a period of 1 hour. The resultant reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours, poured into water (300 ml) and extracted with ether (4×150 ml). The ethereal extracts were washed with water (4×100 ml) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. Removal of the solvent gave a yellow oil which was purified by column chromatography (silica eluted with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 9:1) to give (5-n-butylthiophen-2-yl)-ethylene (18.5 g, 82%). Ethyl diazoacetate (13.0 g, 0.11 mol) in dry dichloromethane (150 ml) was added dropwise to a solution of (5-n-butylthiophen-2-yl)-ethylene (18.3 g, 0.11 mol) and anhydrous copper (II) sulphate (0.3 g) in dry dichloromethane (50 ml) at 90° C. by means of a syringe pump over a period of 5 hours. The dichloromethane was distilled over during the addition. After complete addition the remaining dichloromethane was removed in vacuo and the resulting brown oil purified by column chromatography (silica eluted with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 1:1) to give ethyl 2-(5-n-butylthiophen-2-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylate (18 g, 71%).
Reaction SMILES: [CH3:1][N:2]1[CH:7]=[C:6](B2OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O2)[CH:5]=[C:4]([NH:17][C:18]2[CH:23]=[CH:22][N:21]=[CH:20][N:19]=2)[C:3]1=[O:24].[C:25]([O:28][CH2:29][C:30]1[C:35]([N:36]2[CH2:47][CH2:46][N:45]3[C:38](=[CH:39][C:40]4[CH2:41][C:42]([CH3:49])([CH3:48])[CH2:43][C:44]=43)[C:37]2=[O:50])=[CH:34][CH:33]=[CH:32][C:31]=1Br)(=[O:27])[CH3:26].COCCOC.C(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+]>C1C=CC([P]([Pd]([P](C2C=CC=CC=2)(C2C=CC=CC=2)C2C=CC=CC=2)([P](C2C=CC=CC=2)(C2C=CC=CC=2)C2C=CC=CC=2)[P](C2C=CC=CC=2)(C2C=CC=CC=2)C2C=CC=CC=2)(C2C=CC=CC=2)C2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1.CO.C(OCC)C.O.C(OCC)(=O)C>[C:25]([O:28][CH2:29][C:30]1[C:31]([C:6]2[CH:5]=[C:4]([NH:17][C:18]3[CH:23]=[CH:22][N:21]=[CH:20][N:19]=3)[C:3](=[O:24])[N:2]([CH3:1])[CH:7]=2)=[CH:32][CH:33]=[CH:34][C:35]=1[N:36]1[CH2:47][CH2:46][N:45]2[C:38](=[CH:39][C:40]3[CH2:41][C:42]([CH3:49])([CH3:48])[CH2:43][C:44]=32)[C:37]1=[O:50])(=[O:27])[CH3:26]
Reactant: CC(=O)OCc1c(Br)cccc1N1CCn2c(cc3c2CC(C)(C)C3)C1=O
Reactant: Cn1cc(B2OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O2)cc(Nc2ccncn2)c1=O
Agent: c1ccc([P](c2ccccc2)(c2ccccc2)[Pd]([P](c2ccccc2)(c2ccccc2)c2ccccc2)([P](c2ccccc2)(c2ccccc2)c2ccccc2)[P](c2ccccc2)(c2ccccc2)c2ccccc2)cc1
Agent: O=C([O-])[O-]
Agent: [Na+]
Solvent: CO
Solvent: CCOC(C)=O
Solvent: O
Product: CC(=O)OCc1c(-c2cc(Nc3ccncn3)c(=O)n(C)c2)cccc1N1CCn2c(cc3c2CC(C)(C)C3)C1=O
Temperature: 130 °C
Yield: 56.1 %

Procedure:
A microwave tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer was charged with 1-methyl-3-(pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one 109c (210 mg, 0.64 mmol), 167f (140 mg, 0.3 mmol), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (4 mL) and 1M aqueous sodium carbonate (1 mL). After bubbling N2 for 15 min, Pd(PPh3)4 (18 mg, 0.02 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated in microwave to 130° C. for 25 min. After this time, ethyl acetate (5 mL) and water (5 mL) were added. The separated aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×5 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography eluting with a gradient of CH2Cl2-60:35:5 CH2Cl2:diethyl ether:methanol to afford a 53% yield (93 mg) of 167g.
Reaction SMILES: [Br:1][C:2]1[CH:3]=[C:4]2[C:8](=[CH:9][CH:10]=1)[N:7]1[CH2:11][CH2:12][CH2:13][C:14](=[O:15])[C:6]1=[C:5]2[CH3:16].[BH4-].[Na+]>CO>[Br:1][C:2]1[CH:3]=[C:4]2[C:8](=[CH:9][CH:10]=1)[N:7]1[CH2:11][CH2:12][CH2:13][CH:14]([OH:15])[C:6]1=[C:5]2[CH3:16]
Reactant: Cc1c2n(c3ccc(Br)cc13)CCCC2=O
Agent: [BH4-]
Agent: [Na+]
Solvent: CO
Product: Cc1c2n(c3ccc(Br)cc13)CCCC2O
Temperature: 25 °C
Reaction time: 1 h
Yield: 60.7 %

Procedure:
To a solution of 2-bromo-10-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]indol-9-one (5.56 g, 20 mmol, described in Example 17, Step 1), in methanol (350 mL) was added sodium borohydride (2.5 g) portionwise, upon cooling. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and evaporated. The residue was partitioned between water and methylene chloride, the organic layer separated, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and evaporated to obtain the title compound 3.4 g (61%) m.p. 120°-123° C.
Reaction SMILES: C(O[C:9]([N:11]1[CH2:25][CH2:24][C:13]2([CH:15]([NH:16]C(OC(C)(C)C)=O)[CH2:14]2)[CH2:12]1)=O)C1C=CC=CC=1.[NH2:26][C:27]1[C:36]([F:37])=[C:35](F)[C:34](C)=[C:33]2[C:28]=1[C:29](=[O:47])[C:30]([C:44]([OH:46])=[O:45])=[CH:31][N:32]2[C@@H:40]1[CH2:42][C@@H:41]1[F:43].C(N(CC)CC)C>C(O)C.[C].[Pd]>[NH2:26][C:27]1[C:36]([F:37])=[C:9]([N:11]2[CH2:25][CH2:24][C:13]3([CH:15]([NH2:16])[CH2:14]3)[CH2:12]2)[C:34]([CH3:35])=[C:33]2[C:28]=1[C:29](=[O:47])[C:30]([C:44]([OH:46])=[O:45])=[CH:31][N:32]2[C@@H:40]1[CH2:42][C@@H:41]1[F:43]
Reactant: Cc1c(F)c(F)c(N)c2c(=O)c(C(=O)O)cn([C@@H]3C[C@@H]3F)c12
Reactant: CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1CC12CCN(C(=O)OCc1ccccc1)C2
Agent: [Pd]
Solvent: CCN(CC)CC
Solvent: CCO
Product: Cc1c(N2CCC3(CC3N)C2)c(F)c(N)c2c(=O)c(C(=O)O)cn([C@@H]3C[C@@H]3F)c12
Temperature: 155 °C
Reaction time: 2 h
Yield: 35 %

Procedure:
A 693 mg (2.00 mmol) portion of 5-benzyloxycarbonyl-1-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane (1-a) was dissolved in 60 ml of ethanol, and the solution was mixed with 600 mg of 10% palladium-carbon and subjected to 2 hours of hydrogenation under atmospheric pressure. After completion of the reaction, 10% palladium-carbon was removed by filtration and ethanol was evaporated. The thus obtained residue was suspended in 6 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide, and the suspension was mixed with 312 mg (1.00 mmol) of 5-amino-6,7-difluoro-1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-8-methyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and 2.00 ml (14.35 mmol) of triethylamine, and heated at 150 to 160° C. for 19 hours in a stream of nitrogen. After evaporation of the solvent, the thus obtained residue was mixed with chloroform, washed with water, 10% citric acid aqueous solution and saturated brine in that order, and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, subsequently evaporating the solvent. The thus obtained tert-butylcarbamate compound was mixed with 5 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes, washed with chloroform (50 ml×3), adjusted to pH 7.4 with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and then extracted with chloroform, and the extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent, the resulting residue was purified by a preparative TLC (developed by the lower layer of chloroform:methanol:water 7:3:1) and recrystallized from ethanol-ether to yield 142 mg (35%) of the title compound.
Reaction SMILES: C1(P(C2C=CC=CC=2)C2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=CC=1.[C:20]([C:22]1[S:26][C:25](B(O)O)=[CH:24][CH:23]=1)#[N:21].Br[C:31]1[CH:36]=[CH:35][C:34]([C:37]2[O:38][C:39]([CH3:50])=[C:40]([CH2:42][CH2:43][N:44]3[CH2:48][CH2:47][CH2:46][C@H:45]3[CH3:49])[N:41]=2)=[CH:33][CH:32]=1.C(=O)([O-])[O-].[K+].[K+]>C([O-])(=O)C.[Pd+2].C([O-])(=O)C.C(O)C.O.C1(C)C=CC=CC=1>[CH3:50][C:39]1[O:38][C:37]([C:34]2[CH:35]=[CH:36][C:31]([C:25]3[S:26][C:22]([C:20]#[N:21])=[CH:23][CH:24]=3)=[CH:32][CH:33]=2)=[N:41][C:40]=1[CH2:42][CH2:43][N:44]1[CH2:48][CH2:47][CH2:46][C@H:45]1[CH3:49]
Reactant: N#Cc1ccc(B(O)O)s1
Reactant: Cc1oc(-c2ccc(Br)cc2)nc1CCN1CCC[C@H]1C
Agent: [Pd+2]
Agent: CC(=O)[O-]
Agent: O=C([O-])[O-]
Solvent: CCO
Solvent: O
Solvent: Cc1ccccc1
Product: Cc1oc(-c2ccc(-c3ccc(C#N)s3)cc2)nc1CCN1CCC[C@H]1C

Procedure:
Prepare using the method of Example 120 with palladium (II) acetate (0.008 g, 0.04 mmol), anhydrous toluene (5 mL), triphenylphosphine (0.038 g, 0.15 mmol), distilled water (1.5 mL), ethanol (1 mL), 5-cyanothiophene-2-boronic acid (0.21 g, 1.37 mmol), 2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-{2-[(2R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl]ethyl}-5-methyl-1,3-oxazole (See Intermediate 73) (0.32 g, 0.92 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.38 g, 2.75 mmol). Additionally purify by trituration with ethyl acetate to give the title compound as a cream coloured solid (0.03 g): MS (m/e): 378(M+1).
Reaction SMILES: N1C=CC=CC=1.[F:7][C:8]([F:21])([F:20])[S:9]([O:12]S(C(F)(F)F)(=O)=O)(=[O:11])=[O:10].[CH2:22]([O:29][C@@H:30]1[C@@H:37]([O:38][CH2:39][C:40]2[CH:45]=[CH:44][CH:43]=[CH:42][CH:41]=2)[C@H:36]([O:46][CH2:47][C:48]2[CH:53]=[CH:52][CH:51]=[CH:50][CH:49]=2)[C@@H:35]([CH2:54]O)[O:34][C@H:31]1[O:32][CH3:33])[C:23]1[CH:28]=[CH:27][CH:26]=[CH:25][CH:24]=1>C(Cl)Cl>[CH2:22]([O:29][C@@H:30]1[C@@H:37]([O:38][CH2:39][C:40]2[CH:41]=[CH:42][CH:43]=[CH:44][CH:45]=2)[C@H:36]([O:46][CH2:47][C:48]2[CH:53]=[CH:52][CH:51]=[CH:50][CH:49]=2)[C@@H:35]([CH2:54][O:12][S:9]([C:8]([F:21])([F:20])[F:7])(=[O:11])=[O:10])[O:34][C@H:31]1[O:32][CH3:33])[C:23]1[CH:24]=[CH:25][CH:26]=[CH:27][CH:28]=1
Reactant: CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](OCc2ccccc2)[C@H](OCc2ccccc2)[C@H]1OCc1ccccc1
Reactant: O=S(=O)(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F
Solvent: ClCCl
Solvent: c1ccncc1
Product: CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](COS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)[C@@H](OCc2ccccc2)[C@H](OCc2ccccc2)[C@H]1OCc1ccccc1
Temperature: -10 °C
Reaction time: 0.25 h
Yield: 89 %

Procedure:
To a solution of dry pyridine (0.456 mL) in methylene chloride (20 mL) cooled to -15° C. was added trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (0.864 mL). The mixture was stirred during 15 min at -10° C., then methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1.2 g, 2.58 mmol) in methylene chloride (30 mL) was added [P. Kovac, J. Alfoldi and M. Kosik, Chem. Zvesti 28, 820, (1974)]. The mixture was stirred during 1.5 h at -10° C. The reaction mixture was washed with water. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford an oil. Flash chromatography on silica gel and elution with a 7:2 mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate afforded the expected compound methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-6-O-trifluoromethylsulfonyl -β-D-glucopyranoside (1.408 g, 89%) as an oil, which crystallized in the fridge.
Reaction SMILES: [C-:1]#[N:2].[Na+].[CH3:4][C:5]1[CH:6]=[C:7]([CH:10]=[C:11]([CH3:25])[C:12]=1[O:13][C:14]1[CH:19]=[CH:18][C:17]([O:20][CH3:21])=[C:16]([CH:22]([CH3:24])[CH3:23])[CH:15]=1)[CH2:8]Br>O.C(O)C>[CH3:4][C:5]1[CH:6]=[C:7]([CH2:8][C:1]#[N:2])[CH:10]=[C:11]([CH3:25])[C:12]=1[O:13][C:14]1[CH:19]=[CH:18][C:17]([O:20][CH3:21])=[C:16]([CH:22]([CH3:24])[CH3:23])[CH:15]=1
Reactant: [C-]#N
Reactant: COc1ccc(Oc2c(C)cc(CBr)cc2C)cc1C(C)C
Agent: [Na+]
Solvent: O
Solvent: CCO
Product: COc1ccc(Oc2c(C)cc(CC#N)cc2C)cc1C(C)C
Temperature: 80 °C
Reaction time: 1 h
Yield: 88.4 %

Procedure:
To a stirred solution of sodium cyanide (0.23 g, 4.69 mmol) in H2O (2 mL) at room temperature was added a solution of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(3′-iso-propyl-4′-methoxyphenoxy)benzyl bromide (0.85 g, 2.34 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. for 2 h, cooled to room temperature, and poured into ice water (100 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with ethyl acetate-hexanes (1:4) to afford 3,5-dimethyl-4-(3′-iso-propyl-4′-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl-acetonitrile as a brown solid (0.64 g, 85%, m.p.: 56-58° C.): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.07 (s, 2 H), 6.78 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.68 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (dd, J=3.0, 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.80 (s, 3 H), 3.73 (s, 2 H), 3.40-3.25 (m, 1 H), 2.16 (s, 6 H), 1.19 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 6 H); TLC conditions: Uniplate silica gel, 250 microns; mobile phase=ethyl acetate-hexanes (1:4); Rf=0.5.
Reaction SMILES: [H-].[Al+3].[Li+].[H-].[H-].[H-].[CH2:7]([O:14][C:15]1[CH:23]=[CH:22][C:18]([C:19]([NH2:21])=O)=[CH:17][CH:16]=1)[CH2:8][CH2:9][CH2:10][CH2:11][CH2:12][CH3:13]>C1COCC1>[CH2:7]([O:14][C:15]1[CH:16]=[CH:17][C:18]([CH2:19][NH2:21])=[CH:22][CH:23]=1)[CH2:8][CH2:9][CH2:10][CH2:11][CH2:12][CH3:13]
Reactant: CCCCCCCOc1ccc(C(N)=O)cc1
Agent: [Al+3]
Agent: [H-]
Agent: [Li+]
Solvent: C1CCOC1
Product: CCCCCCCOc1ccc(CN)cc1
Reaction time: 3 h
Yield: 84.3 %

Procedure:
To a stirred suspension of lithium aluminum hydride (1.928 g, 52.23 mmol) in THF (150 ml) at room temperature under nitrogen was added a suspension of 4-(heptyloxy)benzamide (6.146 g, 26.117 mmol). After refluxing for 22 h, reaction was cooled in an ice bath and quenched in the following order: water (2.09 ml), 15% NaOH (2.09 ml) and water (6.26 ml). The mixture was stirred for 3 h followed by the addition of Na2SO4. The mixture was filtered and concentrated in vac. The residue was taken up in Et2O, filtered, concentrated, and the resulting residue taken up in hexane, filtered, concentrated, and dried to give the desired product as a hazy yellow oil (4.872 g, 84%); 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 0.86 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 1.22-1.42 (m, 8H), 1.64-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.82 (broad s, 2H), 3.13 (s, 2H), 3.89 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 6.80-6.84 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.21 (m, 2H); IR (film) 2940, 2850, 1510, 1250 cm−1; mass spectrum [(+)ESI], m/z 222 (M+H)+.
Reaction SMILES: [F:1][C:2]([F:10])([F:9])[C:3]([OH:8])([CH3:7])[C:4](O)=[O:5].S(Cl)(Cl)=O.[NH2:15][C:16]1[CH:30]=[CH:29][C:19]([C:20]([C:22]2[CH:27]=[CH:26][CH:25]=[C:24]([F:28])[CH:23]=2)=[O:21])=[CH:18][CH:17]=1.C>CN(C)C(=O)C.CCCCCC.O>[F:28][C:24]1[CH:23]=[C:22]([C:20]([C:19]2[CH:18]=[CH:17][C:16]([NH:15][C:4](=[O:5])[C:3]([OH:8])([CH3:7])[C:2]([F:10])([F:9])[F:1])=[CH:30][CH:29]=2)=[O:21])[CH:27]=[CH:26][CH:25]=1
Reactant: Nc1ccc(C(=O)c2cccc(F)c2)cc1
Reactant: CC(O)(C(=O)O)C(F)(F)F
Agent: C
Solvent: CCCCCC
Solvent: CC(=O)N(C)C
Solvent: O=S(Cl)Cl
Product: CC(O)(C(=O)Nc1ccc(C(=O)c2cccc(F)c2)cc1)C(F)(F)F
Reaction time: 1 h

Procedure:
To a stirred, cooled (-20° C.) solution of 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid (1.58 g, 10 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (15 mL) was added thionyl chloride (1.25 g, 10.5 mmol) and the mixture stirred at -20° to -10° C. for 1 hour. 4-Amino-3'-fluorobenzophenone (1.44 g, 6.7 mmol) was added in one portion and the reaction mixture stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was poured into water to yield an oil and a cloudy solution. The cloudy solution was decanted from the oil and filtered by suction through a pad of Celite. The Celite pad was washed with methylene chloride and the solution added to a solution of the gum in methylene chloride. The solution was dried (MgSO4), filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo. The resulting oil was chromatographed on silica gel (ethyl ether), the proper fractions combined and the solvent removed to yield an oil. The oil was dissolved in 50 mL of hexane containing enough methylene chloride to give a clear solution and the solution concentrated on a steambath until the solution became cloudy. The resulting pale yellow solid was collected by filtration and dried to yield 1.51 g (63%) of N-{4-(3-fluorophenylcarbonyl)phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylproanamide, mp 121.5°-3° C. 1H-NMR (250 MHz, d6 -DMSO): 1.59 (s, 3H, CH3) 3.32 (s, 1H, OH) 7.46-7.60 (m, 4H, aromatic) 7.75 (d, 2H, J=9.1 Hz aromatic) 7.96 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz, aromatic) 10.33 (s, 1H, NH). MS (CI, CH4): 356 (M+1).
Reaction SMILES: [CH3:1][C:2]1[C:3]([CH2:14][S:15][C:16]2[NH:17][C:18]3[CH:24]=[CH:23][CH:22]=[CH:21][C:19]=3[N:20]=2)=[N:4][CH:5]=[CH:6][C:7]=1[O:8][CH2:9][C:10]([F:13])([F:12])[F:11].O.C(C(C(C(OCC)=O)O)O)(OCC)=[O:27].C(N(C(C)C)CC)(C)C.[O-]O.C1(C(C)C)C=CC=CC=1>CC(C)[O-].[Ti+4].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].C(OCC)(=O)C>[CH3:1][C:2]1[C:3]([CH2:14][S@:15]([C:16]2[NH:20][C:19]3[CH:21]=[CH:22][CH:23]=[CH:24][C:18]=3[N:17]=2)=[O:27])=[N:4][CH:5]=[CH:6][C:7]=1[O:8][CH2:9][C:10]([F:12])([F:11])[F:13]
Reactant: Cc1c(OCC(F)(F)F)ccnc1CSc1nc2ccccc2[nH]1
Reactant: CCOC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)OCC
Agent: [Ti+4]
Agent: CC(C)[O-]
Agent: [O-]O
Solvent: CCOC(C)=O
Solvent: CC(C)c1ccccc1
Solvent: CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C
Product: Cc1c(OCC(F)(F)F)ccnc1C[S@@](=O)c1nc2ccccc2[nH]1
Temperature: 52.5 °C
Reaction time: 0.5 h

Procedure:
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl]methyl]thio]benzimidazole (50.0 g, 0.14 mol, containing 16.7 mg of water), ethyl acetate (244 ml), water (274 mg, 0.015 mol, total water content 0.016 mol) and diethyl (+)-tartrate (10.6 ml, 0.062 mol) were mixed, and the mixture was stirred at 50 to 55° C. for 30 min. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, titanium(IV) isopropoxide (8.3 ml, 0.028 mol) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was stirred at 50 to 55° C. for 1 hr. Under a nitrogen atmosphere and under cooling, diisopropylethylamine (8.14 ml, 0.047 mol) was added to the obtained mixture and then cumene hydroperoxide (76.4 ml, content 82%, 0.43 mol) was added at −10 to 0° C. The mixture was reacted by stirring at 0 to 5° C. for 3 hr.
Reaction SMILES: C(O[C:6]1[C:14](OC)=[CH:13][C:9]([C:10](O)=[O:11])=[CH:8][C:7]=1OC)CCC.[Cl-].[NH2:20][C@@H]1C2CCN(CC2)C1.C(N(C(C)C)CC)(C)C.C[NH3+].F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.N1(OC(N(C)C)=[N+](C)C)C2N=CC=CC=2N=N1.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F>CN(C=O)C>[C:10]([NH2:20])(=[O:11])[C:9]1[CH:13]=[CH:14][CH:6]=[CH:7][CH:8]=1
Reactant: CCCCOc1c(OC)cc(C(=O)O)cc1OC
Reactant: N[C@H]1CN2CCC1CC2
Agent: CN(C)C(On1nnc2cccnc21)=[N+](C)C
Agent: C[NH3+]
Agent: F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F
Solvent: CN(C)C=O
Solvent: CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C
Product: NC(=O)c1ccccc1
Temperature: 0 °C
Reaction time: 18 h

Procedure:
4-n-butoxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid represented by Formula 90 (2 g, 7.87 mmol) was slowly added to a solution of (R)-3-aminoquinuclidine chloride represented by Formula 91 (1.57 g, 7.87 mmol, purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co.) and diisopropylethylamine (4.11 mL, 23.60 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and, after adding 2-(1H-7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate methanaminium (HATU, 2.84 g, 7.47 mmol) thereto, the mixture was agitated at room temperature for 18 hours. After removing the reaction solvent under reduced pressure, chloroform/methanol (9:1) was added to the remaining concentrate to prepare a solution and the solution was washed with a potassium carbonate solution, followed by separation to form an organic layer. After drying the organic layer with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), the solvent was removed again under reduced pressure. The obtained vacuum-concentrated mixture was subjected to separation and purification through column chromatography (chloroform/methanol/ammonia solution, 10:1:0.01) using silica gel (SiO2), resulting in a benzamide compound represented by Formula 3 (VVZ-002; 2.63 g, 92% yield).
Reaction SMILES: [Na].[CH3:2]CN(C(C)C)C(C)C.[OH:11][C:12]([C:14]([F:17])([F:16])[F:15])=[O:13].[F:18][C:19]1[CH:45]=[C:44]([O:46][CH3:47])[CH:43]=[CH:42][C:20]=1[O:21][CH:22]1[CH2:27][CH2:26][N:25]([C:28]2[N:29]=[C:30]3[CH2:41][CH2:40][NH:39][CH2:38][C:31]3=[N:32][C:33]=2[NH:34][CH:35]([CH3:37])[CH3:36])[CH2:24][CH2:23]1.C=O>CO>[F:18][C:19]1[CH:45]=[C:44]([O:46][CH3:47])[CH:43]=[CH:42][C:20]=1[O:21][CH:22]1[CH2:23][CH2:24][N:25]([C:28]2[N:29]=[C:30]3[CH2:41][CH2:40][N:39]([CH3:2])[CH2:38][C:31]3=[N:32][C:33]=2[NH:34][CH:35]([CH3:37])[CH3:36])[CH2:26][CH2:27]1.[C:12]([OH:13])([C:14]([F:17])([F:16])[F:15])=[O:11]
Reactant: CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C
Reactant: COc1ccc(OC2CCN(c3nc4c(nc3NC(C)C)CNCC4)CC2)c(F)c1
Agent: C=O
Agent: [Na]
Solvent: O=C(O)C(F)(F)F
Solvent: CO
Product: COc1ccc(OC2CCN(c3nc4c(nc3NC(C)C)CN(C)CC4)CC2)c(F)c1
Reaction time: 0.5 h

Procedure:
Sodium triacetoxyhydroborate (9.7 mg, 0.046 mmol) was added to a solution of DIPEA (8 μL, 0.046 mmol), 2-(4-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenoxy)piperidin-1-yl)-N-isopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-3-amine TFA salt (12.1 mg, 0.023 mmol) and formaldehyde (1.9 μL, 0.023 mmol) in MeOH (229 μL) at rt. After 30 min, the mixture was purified by HPLC Method A to give the title compound as a TFA salt (12.1 mg, 97%) as a yellow film. 1H NMR (400 MHz, methanol-d4) δ ppm 1.24 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 6H), 1.88-1.99 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.93-3.04 (m, 3H), 3.08 (br s, 4H), 3.35-3.53 (m, 3H), 3.76 (br s, 4H), 4.10-4.19 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.40 (m, 3H), 6.64-6.69 (m, 1H), 6.74 (dd, J=12.8, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H); ESI-MS m/z [M+H]+ 430.4.