management 2019s discussion and analysis operating expenses our operating expenses are primarily influenced by compensation , headcount and levels of business activity .
in addition , see 201cuse of estimates 201d for expenses that may arise from litigation and regulatory proceedings .
compensation and benefits includes salaries , discretionary compensation , amortization of equity awards and other items such as benefits .
discretionary compensation is significantly impacted by , among other factors , the level of net revenues , overall financial performance , prevailing labor markets , business mix , the structure of our share-based compensation programs and the external environment .
the table below presents our operating expenses and total staff ( which includes employees , consultants and temporary staff ) . .

$ in millions
year ended december 2014
year ended december 2013
year ended december 2012
compensation and benefits
$ 12691
$ 12613
$ 12944
brokerage clearing exchange anddistribution fees
2501
2341
2208
market development
549
541
509
communications and technology
779
776
782
depreciation and amortization
1337
1322
1738
occupancy
827
839
875
professional fees
902
930
867
insurance reserves1
2014
176
598
other expenses
2585
2931
2435
total non-compensation expenses
9480
9856
10012
total operating expenses
$ 22171
$ 22469
$ 22956
total staff at period-end
34000
32900
32400

1 .
consists of changes in reserves related to our americas reinsurance business , including interest credited to policyholder account balances , and expenses related to property catastrophe reinsurance claims .
in april 2013 , we completed the sale of a majority stake in our americas reinsurance business and no longer consolidate this business .
2014 versus 2013 .
operating expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 22.17 billion for 2014 , essentially unchanged compared with 2013 .
compensation and benefits expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 12.69 billion for 2014 , essentially unchanged compared with 2013 .
the ratio of compensation and benefits to net revenues for 2014 was 36.8% ( 36.8 % ) compared with 36.9% ( 36.9 % ) for 2013 .
total staff increased 3% ( 3 % ) during 2014 .
non-compensation expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 9.48 billion for 2014 , 4% ( 4 % ) lower than 2013 .
the decrease compared with 2013 included a decrease in other expenses , due to lower net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings and lower operating expenses related to consolidated investments , as well as a decline in insurance reserves , reflecting the sale of our americas reinsurance business in 2013 .
these decreases were partially offset by an increase in brokerage , clearing , exchange and distribution fees .
net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings for 2014 were $ 754 million compared with $ 962 million for 2013 ( both primarily comprised of net provisions for mortgage-related matters ) .
2014 included a charitable contribution of $ 137 million to goldman sachs gives , our donor-advised fund .
compensation was reduced to fund this charitable contribution to goldman sachs gives .
the firm asks its participating managing directors to make recommendations regarding potential charitable recipients for this contribution .
2013 versus 2012 .
operating expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 22.47 billion for 2013 , 2% ( 2 % ) lower than 2012 .
compensation and benefits expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 12.61 billion for 2013 , 3% ( 3 % ) lower compared with $ 12.94 billion for 2012 .
the ratio of compensation and benefits to net revenues for 2013 was 36.9% ( 36.9 % ) compared with 37.9% ( 37.9 % ) for 2012 .
total staff increased 2% ( 2 % ) during 2013 .
non-compensation expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 9.86 billion for 2013 , 2% ( 2 % ) lower than 2012 .
the decrease compared with 2012 included a decline in insurance reserves , reflecting the sale of our americas reinsurance business , and a decrease in depreciation and amortization expenses , primarily reflecting lower impairment charges and lower operating expenses related to consolidated investments .
these decreases were partially offset by an increase in other expenses , due to higher net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings , and higher brokerage , clearing , exchange and distribution fees .
net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings for 2013 were $ 962 million ( primarily comprised of net provisions for mortgage-related matters ) compared with $ 448 million for 2012 ( including a settlement with the board of governors of the federal reserve system ( federal reserve board ) regarding the independent foreclosure review ) .
2013 included a charitable contribution of $ 155 million to goldman sachs gives , our donor-advised fund .
compensation was reduced to fund this charitable contribution to goldman sachs gives .
the firm asks its participating managing directors to make recommendations regarding potential charitable recipients for this contribution .
38 goldman sachs 2014 annual report .

Question: what is the growth rate in operating expenses in 2013?
Answer: -2.1%
Calculation: subtract(22469, 22956), divide(#0, 22956)