Security Council resolution 2666 (2022) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 20 Dec. 2023]
Symbol: S/RES/2666 (2022)
Date: 2022-12-20
Status: adopted
Agenda: S/77 [104] UN ORGANIZATION STABILIZATION MISSION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
S/77 [102] DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION
S/ X The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Subjects: UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|UN. Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004)|Framework for Peace, Security and Cooperation for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region (2013)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEBUILDING|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION
Votes in favour: 15
Votes against: 0
Abstentions: 0
Voting record:
country: ALBANIA
vote: yes
country: BRAZIL
vote: yes
country: CHINA
vote: yes
country: FRANCE
vote: yes
country: GABON
vote: yes
country: GHANA
vote: yes
country: INDIA
vote: yes
country: IRELAND
vote: yes
country: KENYA
vote: yes
country: MEXICO
vote: yes
country: NORWAY
vote: yes
country: RUSSIAN FEDERATION
vote: yes
country: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
vote: yes
country: UNITED KINGDOM
vote: yes
country: UNITED STATES
vote: yes

               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2666 (2022)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                 20 December 2022




               Resolution 2666 (2022)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9226th meeting, on
               20 December 2022

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions and the statements of its President concerning
               the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), especially its previous resolutions
               regarding the mandate of the United Nations Organisation Stabilisation Mission in
               the DRC (MONUSCO) and the sanctions regime established by resolutions 1493
               (2003) and 1807 (2008),
                     Reaffirming the basic principles of peacekeeping, including consent of the
               parties, impartiality, and non-use of force, except in self-defence and defence of the
               mandate,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and
               territorial integrity of the DRC as well as all States in the region and emphasising the
               urgent need to respect fully the principles of non -interference, good-neighbourliness
               and regional cooperation,
                      Recalling that the Government of the DRC bears the primary responsibility to
               protect civilians within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction, including from
               international crimes, recognising the persistent security challenge threatening
               civilians, also underlining the importance of national efforts to restore State authority
               in all parts of the country to overcome the threats posed by armed groups,
                     Noting that the DRC continues to suffer from recurring and evolving cycles of
               conflict and persistent violence by foreign and domestic armed groups, which
               exacerbate a deeply concerning security, human rights and humanitarian cri sis, as
               well as inter-communal and militia violence in areas of the DRC,
                     Expressing concern over reported links between the Allied Democratic Forces
               (ADF) and terrorist networks in eastern DRC, emphasising that such links may further
               exacerbate conflicts and contribute to undermining State authority and underscoring
               that there can be no purely military solutions to these problems as well as the
               importance of a holistic approach to counter terrorism carried out in accordance with
               applicable international law,
                     Recognising the efforts of the Government and the people of the DRC aiming at
               the achievement of peace and national development, as well as regional support and
               engagement, further recognising the efforts of the Armed Forces of the DRC




22-29059 (E)
*2229059*

S/RES/2666 (2022)

                (FARDC) and MONUSCO in addressing the threat posed by armed groups in the
                DRC,
                      Remaining deeply concerned by high levels of violations and abuses of human
                rights and violations of international humanitarian law in parts of the country,
                committed by all parties and particularly by armed groups, as well by the
                intensification of intercommunal violence fuelled by hate speech, misinformation and
                disinformation, including through social media platforms,
                     Reaffirming the important role of women and youth in the prevention,
                management and resolution of conflicts, as well as in peacebuilding and electoral
                processes and stressing the importance of their full, equal, effective, meaningful and
                safe participation in all efforts for the maintenance of and promotion of peace and
                security in the DRC,
                      Expressing great concern over the humanitarian situation that has left an
                estimated 27 million Congolese in need of humanitarian assistance, and the growing
                number of internally displaced persons in the DRC, with 5.7 million estimated to have
                been displaced to date, and the 523,000 refugees in the DRC, as well as the more than
                1 million refugees from the DRC in Africa as a result of ongoing hostilities,
                encouraging member States to commit to a more equitable sharing of the burden and
                responsibility for hosting and supporting refugees in the DRC in line with the
                Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework, further calling upon the DRC and all
                States in the region to work towards a peaceful environment conducive to the
                realisation of durable solutions for refugees and internally displaced persons,
                including their voluntary, safe and dignified return and reintegration in the DRC, with
                the support of the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), and stressing that any such
                solution should be in line with relevant obligations under international refugee law,
                international humanitarian law and international human rights law,
                     Recalling the UN guiding principles of humanitarian emergency assistance,
                      Recalling resolution 2532 (2020) and resolution 2565 (2021) demanding a
                general and immediate cessation of hostilities in all situations on the Council’s
                agenda, as well as calling upon all parties to armed conflicts to engage immediately
                in a durable humanitarian pause, in order to enable the safe, timely, unhind ered and
                sustained delivery of humanitarian assistance consistent with the humanitarian
                principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence,
                    Noting the importance of commercial trade of food, fuel and other essential
                commodities to meet civilians’ basic survival needs,
                      Recalling all its relevant resolutions on women, peace and security, on youth,
                peace and security, on children and armed conflict, and on the protection of civilians
                in armed conflict, welcoming efforts of the Government of the DRC in this regard and
                to implement resolution 1325 (2000), also recalling the conclusions on children and
                armed conflict in the DRC adopted on 10 December 2020 by the Security Council
                Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict pertaining to the parties in armed
                conflicts of the DRC, expressing grave concern over the high number of violations
                against children, in particular sexual and gender-based violence being committed by
                security forces and calling on all actors to contribute to the rehabilitation and
                reintegration of children formerly associated with armed groups and forces,
                      Recognising the adverse effects of climate change, ecological changes, natural
                disasters, and lack of energy access, among other factors, on the stability of the DRC,
                welcoming the leadership of the DRC in the development of national strategies to
                address these issues and in the preservation of the Congo basin forest, expressing
                concern regarding the activities of armed groups in protected areas that lead to


2/14                                                                                                      22-29059

                                                                                                S/RES/2666 (2022)

           environmental damage and acknowledging the United Nations                 Framework
           Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement,
                 Reiterating the necessity for MONUSCO to fully implement its mandate in
           accordance with relevant Security Council resolutions, using all means at its disposal
           to effectively address the threat posed by armed groups and other security threats, in
           the context of increased armed conflict in the DRC,
                 Reiterating its call on all parties to cooperate fully with MONUSCO and to
           remain committed to the full and objective implementation of the Mission’s mandate,
           further reiterating the importance of continued compliance with the Status of Forces
           Agreement, and its condemnation of any and all attacks against peac ekeepers, which
           may constitute war crimes, and emphasising that those responsible for such attacks
           must be held accountable,
                Reiterating the importance of adequately resourcing United Nations peace
           operations during mission transitions and recalling resolution 2594 (2021) on United
           Nations peace operations transitions in this regard,
                Underscoring the importance of strategic communications to the
           implementation of MONUSCO’s mandate and to the safety and security of its
           peacekeepers,
                 Determining that the situation in the DRC continues to constitute a threat to
           international peace and security in the region,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

           Political situation
                 1.    Welcomes the efforts of Government of the DRC to respond to the needs
           of the Congolese people and strongly urges all Congolese political stakeholders to
           spare no efforts in implementing the critical governance, security and economic
           reforms contained in the Government’s programme of action 2021–2023, reiterates
           the importance of delivering on President Tshisekedi and his government’s
           commitments to pursue national unity, strengthen the rule of law and respect for
           human rights, including the respect of freedom of opinion and expression, freedom
           of the press and the right of peaceful assembly, fight against corruption, launch
           domestic development programmes to significantly reduce poverty, and further
           political inclusiveness and peacebuilding and encourages MONUSCO to continue to
           support, through its good offices, peaceful, transparent, inclusive and credible
           political processes;
                 2.    Welcomes the efforts of President Tshisekedi and his government towards
           reconciliation and peace and stability in the DRC, encourages his continued efforts
           with States in the region to build good relations with neighbouring countries and
           advance peace, security and regional integration, notes that political stability and
           security as well as increased State presence in areas of conflict, mainly in eastern
           DRC, are critical for sustainable peace in the DRC, calls upon the DRC authorities to
           work towards the stabilisation and strengthening of the capacity of State institutions
           particularly in areas of conflict, with the support of MONUSCO and the UNCT, in
           order to fulfil the rights and needs of all Congolese people, further calls upon all
           political stakeholders to continue to work, with the support of MONUSCO, toward
           peaceful, transparent, inclusive and credible processes for the presidential and
           legislative elections scheduled in 2023, in accordance with the Constitution and the
           Electoral law, throughout the DRC and to ensure the full, equal, effective and
           meaningful participation of women at all stages and welcomes the presentation by the
           Government of the DRC of a robust budget that seeks to address needs of the


22-29059                                                                                                     3/14

S/RES/2666 (2022)

                Congolese people and to ensure the 2023 electoral process is funded and to facilitate
                free and fair elections;
                      3.    Requests the Secretary-General and calls upon regional organisations to
                provide political support to the strengthening of State institutions in the DRC and the
                restoration of trust among the different parties, including through their good offices,
                in order to consolidate peace and security, tackle the root causes of conflict in priority
                areas, as well as foster a broad national consensus around key governance and security
                reforms, the fight against illegal exploitations of natural resources, and support to
                current reform and other electoral processes, in line with the government of DRC’s
                national priorities;

                Human Rights
                      4.    Welcomes the commitments and actions of President Tshisekedi towards
                ensuring that the Government of the DRC protects and respects human rights and
                fundamental freedoms, as well as to combat impunity in all areas, further welcomes
                the steps taken by the Government of the DRC towards the establishment of a national
                transitional justice process, including the launch of consultations in several provinces,
                calls upon the Government of the DRC to uphold these commitments and to ensure
                that the state of siege in Ituri and North Kivu, as part of its further efforts to eliminate
                the threat of armed groups and to restore State authority, is assessed on a regular basis,
                responsive to progress in achieving its clearly defined objectives and implemented
                with full respect for international human rights law and international humanitarian
                law;
                      5.    Urges the Government of the DRC to hold accountable those responsible
                for violations of international humanitarian law or violations and abuses of human
                rights, as applicable, in particular those that may amount to genocide, war crimes and
                crimes against humanity, and stresses both regional cooperation and the DRC’s
                cooperation with the International Criminal Court following the DRC’s referral of the
                situation in the DRC in 2004, as well as cooperation with the African Court of Human
                and Peoples’ Rights;
                      6.    Encourages further steps by the Government of the DRC to hold security
                forces accountable for violations of human rights and fight impunity within their
                ranks, and calls on the Congolese authorities to ensure that those responsible for these
                acts are brought to justice, further calls upon the Government of the DRC to facilitate,
                in line with previous agreements, full and unhindered access for the Joint Human
                Rights Office in the DRC (UNJHRO) to all detention centres, hospitals and morgues
                and all other premises required for documenting human rights violations, as
                applicable, stresses the need for the Government of the DRC to continue to ensure the
                increased professionalism of its security forces, including vetting, training and
                capacity building of security personnel to fully respect domestic and international
                human rights law, as well as international humanitarian law, and underlines the
                importance of observing the rule of law;
                      7.    Strongly condemns all sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict
                situations in the DRC and particularly by armed groups, welcomes efforts made by
                the Government of the DRC to combat and prevent sexual violence in conflict and
                post-conflict situations, including progress made in the fight against impunity through
                the arrest, prosecution and conviction of perpetrators from the FARDC a nd the PNC
                and towards the adoption of a law on reparations and the establishment of a national
                reparation fund for victims and survivors of sexual violence and other crimes, urges
                the Government of the DRC to continue to strengthen its efforts to combat i mpunity
                for sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict situations, including sexual violence
                committed by the FARDC and PNC, and to provide all necessary services and


4/14                                                                                                           22-29059

                                                                                                  S/RES/2666 (2022)

           protection to survivors, victims and witnesses such as the provision of medical, sexua l
           and reproductive health, psychosocial, mental health, legal and socioeconomic
           services, encourages the Government of the DRC to enhance its implementation of
           the Joint Communiqué on the Fight Against Sexual Violence in Conflict adopted in
           2013 and its addendum signed in 2019, and to ensure adequate funding is allocated
           to the implementation of these commitments, welcomes further progress by the
           FARDC and the PNC in implementing their respective action plans against sexual
           violence and recalls the importance of cooperation with the Office of the SRSG for
           Sexual Violence in Conflict;
                 8.    Welcomes the progress made by the Government of the DRC to consolidate
           the gains of the Action Plan to End and Prevent the Recruitment and Use of Children
           and expedite its implementation to end and prevent all violations and abuses against
           children, and to ensure that children are not detained for their alleged association with
           armed groups and are handed over to child protection actors, calls upon the
           Government of the DRC to continue its efforts, by ensuring that perpetrators of all
           violations and abuses, including within security forces, are held accountable, and
           recalls the importance of cooperating with the Office of the SRSG for Children and
           Armed Conflict;

           Armed Groups
                 9.    Strongly condemns all armed groups operating in the DRC, including the
           M23, the Coopérative pour le développement du Congo (CODECO), the Allied
           Democratic Forces (ADF), the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda
           (FDLR), the Résistance pour un Etat de droit (RED-Tabara), Mai-Mai groups and
           several other domestic and foreign armed groups, and their violations of international
           humanitarian law as well as other applicable international law, and abuses of human
           rights, reiterates its condemnation of attacks on the civilian population, United
           Nations and associated personnel and humanitarian actors, as well as medical
           personnel and facilities, summary executions and maiming, sexual and gender-based
           violence and recruitment and use of children, abductions of children and humanitarian
           personnel, attacks on schools and civilians connected with schools, including children
           and teachers, and hospitals in violation of applicable international law by armed
           groups and militias, the use of civilians as human shields, the forced displacement of
           significant numbers of civilians, extrajudicial executions and arbitrary arrests, the
           indiscriminate use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and further reiterates that
           those responsible must be held accountable;
                 10. Demands that all armed groups cease immediately all forms of violence,
           other destabilising activities and the illegal exploitation and trafficking of natural
           resources, further demands the immediate withdrawal of the M23 from all occupied
           areas as agreed through the African Union endorsed Luanda process and that all
           members of armed groups immediately and permanently disband, lay down their
           arms, reject violence, end and prevent violations perpetrated against children and
           release children from their ranks, urges all Congolese armed groups to participate
           unconditionally in the East African Community led Nairobi process to seek political
           conditions in preparation for the disarmament, demobilisation, community recovery
           and stabilisation programme (P-DDRCS), and foreign armed groups to return to their
           countries of origin and calls on the Government of the DRC to take further action to
           address the threat posed by armed groups, combining military and non -military
           approaches consistent with international law, including international humanitarian
           law and international human rights law;
                 11. Urges the Government of the DRC and its partners, including international
           financial institutions, to urgently provide adequate and timely support for swift and
           effective implementation of the DDR of eligible former combatants, under

22-29059                                                                                                       5/14

S/RES/2666 (2022)

                coordination of the PDDRC-S, through tailored, community-based and context
                specific DDR initiatives with sustainable economic alternatives and opportunities,
                and ensuring that accountability for human rights violations and abuses and
                international crimes, transitional justice initiatives and the protection of children’s
                rights are an integral part of those processes;
                      12. Condemns the continued illegal exploitation and trafficking of natural
                resources, particularly so-called “conflict minerals” like tin, tantalum, tungsten, gold,
                diamonds, cobalt, and coltan, as well as cocoa, charcoal, timber, and wildlife, by
                armed groups and criminal networks supporting them, the negative impact of armed
                conflict on protected natural areas, which undermines lasting peace and development
                for the DRC, and encourages the Government of the DRC to strengthen efforts to
                safeguard those areas, calls on member States of the International Conference on the
                Great Lakes Region (ICGLR) and regional economic communities to jointly fight
                illegal exploitation and trade of natural resources by improving and reinforcing the
                security around mining regions, seeking rapprochement between mining
                communities, local authorities and security actors to resolve conflicts and promote
                the rights of person belonging to communities around mining regions, and encourages
                them to promote the transparent and lawful management of natural resources,
                including the adoption of government revenue targets to finance development,
                sustainable regulatory and customs frameworks, and responsible mineral sourcing
                supply chain due diligence, and recalls in this regard its resolutions 2457 (2019) and
                2389 (2017) as well at its presidential statement S/PRST/2021/19;
                      13. Welcomes the commitments and actions taken by President Tshisekedi and
                his government to advance security sector reform (SSR) and promote the
                consolidation of State authority, reconciliation, tolerance and democracy, underlines
                the expanded opportunities for MONUSCO collaboration and coordination with
                Congolese security forces facilitated by these preliminary actions, encourages the
                Congolese authorities to uphold these commitments and to accelerate the troop
                rotations announced by President Tshisekedi, and calls on the Government of the
                DRC to remain committed to protecting the civilian population through the swift
                establishment of professional, accountable and sustainable security forces that respect
                international humanitarian law and domestic and international hu man rights law, the
                deployment of an accountable Congolese civil administration, in particular the police,
                judiciary, prison and territorial administration, and the consolidation of rule of law
                and promotion and protection of human rights, including by all ocating the necessary
                financial resources, and taking into account women’s full, equal, effective and
                meaningful participation and safety, and encourages international partners to increase
                their support in this regard;
                      14. Calls for continued national efforts to address the threat posed by the illicit
                transfer, destabilising accumulation and misuse of small arms and light weapons and
                by diversions of arms to armed groups in the DRC, including inter alia through ensuring
                the safe and effective management, storage, monitoring and security of their stockpiles
                of weapons and ammunition, and the fight against arms trafficking and diversion,
                including through capacity building and combating impunity, with the continued
                support of MONUSCO, as appropriate and within existing resources, calls on the
                Government of the DRC to expand its support to the National Commission for Small
                Arms and Light Weapons Control and Reduction of Armed Violence (CNC-ALPC) and
                encourages the United Nations and international partners to increase their support to
                the Government of the DRC to enhance Weapons and Ammunition Management
                (WAM);




6/14                                                                                                        22-29059

                                                                                                    S/RES/2666 (2022)


           Regional support
                 15. Recalls that the elimination of the threat posed by armed groups requires
           an integrated regional approach and strong political e ngagement by the Government
           of the DRC, the African Union (AU), the East African Community (EAC), the
           ICGLR, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), reaffirms its
           support to national and regional efforts to promote peace and stability in the DRC and
           the Region, building on the commitments made by the countries of the region under
           the Peace, Security and Cooperation (PSC) Framework for the DRC and the region,
           which remains an essential mechanism to achieve durable peace and stability , stresses
           the commitments undertaken by the region under the PSC Framework not to tolerate
           nor provide assistance or support of any kind to armed groups, strongly condemns all
           external support to non-state armed actors, including the M23, and calls for an
           immediate end to such support;
                 16. Commends the EAC-led Nairobi process, acknowledges its two-track
           approach, commends the ongoing AU-mandated mediation under the aegis of Angola
           and complementary efforts to ensure that these initiatives are mutually reinforcing,
           including support from MONUSCO and the office of the Special Envoy of the
           Secretary-General for the Great Lakes, encourages further efforts to implement the
           ICGLR Road Map on the pacification process in the eastern region of the DRC and
           the Final Communiqué of the Mini-Summit on Peace and Security in the Eastern
           Region of the DRC and to resolve differences through dialogue and notes the e fforts
           of the ICGLR’s Expanded Joint Verification Mechanism and Angola -led Ad Hoc
           Joint Verification Mechanism, and calls for the full, equal, effective and meaningful
           participation of women in these processes;
                 17. Encourages support to the EAC Regional Force, as appropriate, and
           stresses the importance of the protection of civilians, of close coordination and
           information sharing between the EAC force, the FARDC, Burundi National Defence
           Forces, Uganda Peoples’ Defence Forces and MONUSCO, including to dec onflict
           operations and to ensure MONUSCO mandate implementation, and of the need to
           carry out all operations, joint or unilateral, in strict compliance with international law,
           including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, as
           applicable, and with the African Union Compliance Framework;
                 18. Encourages ownership and political will by the signatory states of the PSC
           Framework for the effective implementation of the UN Strategy for Peace
           Consolidation, Conflict Prevention and Conflict Resolution in the Great Lakes region
           as well as its Action Plan, fully supports the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General
           for the Great Lakes in fulfilling his mandate to address the remaining challenges in
           implementation of the PSC Framework and to promote peace and stability in the
           region, calls on the Special Envoy to continue his regional and international
           engagement to support the full implementation of the PSC Framework, including
           through good offices, coordinated strategies and shared informat ion with
           MONUSCO, UNOCA and other UN entities, and urges MONUSCO to work with the
           Office of the Special Envoy for the Great Lakes to seek political solutions to stop the
           cross-border flows of armed combatants, arms and natural resources that threaten
           peace and stability in the DRC, by aligning strategies and conducting information -
           sharing and coordinating their respective reporting;

           MONUSCO’s mandate
                19. Decides to extend until 20 December 2023 the mandate of MONUSCO in
           the DRC, including, on an exceptional basis and without creating a precedent or any
           prejudice to the basic principles of peacekeeping, its Force Intervention Brigade;


22-29059                                                                                                         7/14

S/RES/2666 (2022)

                      20. Decides that MONUSCO’s authorised troop ceiling will comprise 13,500
                military personnel, 660 military observers and staff officers, 591 police personnel,
                and 1,410 personnel of formed police units, and invites the Secretariat to consider
                further reduction of MONUSCO’s level of military deployment, in line with the joint
                strategy on the progressive and phased drawdown of MONUSCO (S/2020/1041);
                      21. Decides that the strategic priorities of MONUSCO are (i) to contribute to
                the protection of civilians and (ii) to support to the stabilisation and strengthening of
                State institutions in the DRC and key governance and security reforms;
                     22. Authorises MONUSCO, in pursuit of its mandated tasks and in line with
                the basic principles of peacekeeping, to take all necessary measures to carry out its
                mandate;
                      23. Stresses the need to carry out all operations, joint or unilateral, in strict
                compliance with international law, including international humanitarian law and
                international human rights law, as applicable, requests MONUSCO to ensure that any
                support provided to operations conducted by national security forces, including in the
                form of rations and fuel, should be only for joint operations, jointly planned and
                executed, and subject to appropriate oversight and scrutiny, and in strict compliance
                with the United Nations HRDDP, including by the UNCT, failing which that support
                should be suspended;

                Tasks by order of priority
                      24. Decides that the mandate of MONUSCO shall include the following tasks
                in priority order in paragraphs 24 through 34, further stresses that all MONUSCO ’s
                tasks should be implemented in a manner consistent with respect for human rights
                and fundamental freedoms, and stresses that the protection of civilians shall be given
                priority in decisions about the use of available capacity and resources:

          (i)   Protection of civilians under threat of physical violence by taking all necessary
                measures to ensure effective, timely, dynamic and integrated protection
                      (a) Prevent, deter and stop all armed groups and local militias from inflicting
                violence on the populations, including by preventing all armed groups and local
                militias from invading, attacking, or surrounding major population centres, including
                in support of the Congolese authorities, by disarming them, by using good offices and
                by supporting and undertaking local mediation efforts and national level advocacy to
                prevent escalation of violence and to counter hate speech, disinformation and
                misinformation, paying particular attention to civilians gathered in displaced persons
                and refugee camps, peaceful demonstrators, humanitarian personnel and human rights
                defenders, in line with the basic principles of peacekeeping, while ensuring the risk
                to civilians are mitigated before, during and after any military or police operation;
                      (b) Carry out targeted offensive operations in the DRC to neutralise armed
                groups, through an effective Force Intervention Brigade (FI B), under the full
                authority of the Force Commander, to contribute to the objective of reducing the
                threat posed by armed groups to state authority and civilian security and to make
                space for stabilisation activities, either unilaterally or jointly with th e Congolese
                security forces;
                     (c) Conduct increased and effective joint operations with the Congolese
                security forces, that include joint planning and tactical cooperation, in accordance
                with MONUSCO’s mandate and in strict compliance with the United Nati ons
                HRDDP, to ensure all efforts possible are being made to prevent, deter and stop armed
                groups;



8/14                                                                                                        22-29059

                                                                                                          S/RES/2666 (2022)

                         (d) Maintain a proactive deployment and a mobile, flexible, robust and
                   effective posture, including by conducting active patrolling by foot and by vehicle, i n
                   particular in high risk areas;
                         (e) Work with the Government of the DRC and humanitarian workers to
                   identify threats to civilians and implement joint prevention and response plans and
                   strengthen civil-military cooperation, to ensure the protection of civ ilians from abuses
                   and violations of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law,
                   including all forms of sexual and gender-based violence and violations and abuses
                   committed against children and persons with disabilities;
                         (f) Enhance its community engagement with civilians and its use of strategic
                   communications, including through joint communications with the Government of
                   the DRC, to raise awareness and understanding about its mandate and activities to
                   protect civilians, to strengthen its early warning mechanism, including to prevent
                   disinformation campaigns and misinformation aimed at undermining the mission’s
                   credibility and hindering the implementation of its mandate

           (ii)    Disarmament, demobilisation, reintegration (DDR) and stabilisation
                         (g) Provide good offices, advice and assistance to the Government of the DRC,
                   in close cooperation with international and local partners, for the EAC-led Nairobi
                   process and for the implementation of the PDDRC-S in accordance with order No. 21/038
                   of 5 July 2021 and for the DDR of Congolese and foreign combatants not suspected
                   of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or abuses of human rights, into a
                   peaceful civilian life, while paying specific attention to the needs of women and
                   children formerly associated with armed forces and groups;
                         (h) Provide support to the disarmament, demobilisation, repatriation,
                   resettlement and reintegration (DDRRR) process to return and reintegrate foreign
                   combatants not suspected of international crimes or abuses of human rights and their
                   dependants to a peaceful civilian life in their country of origin, or a receptive third
                   country while paying specific attention to the needs of women and children formerly
                   associated with armed forces and groups;
                         (i) Advise and support the DRC authorities in the disposal of weapons and
                   ammunitions of disarmed Congolese and foreign combatants in compliance with
                   relevant Security Council resolutions as well as applicable international arms control
                   treaties;
                         (j) Provide technical advice to the Government of the DRC in the
                   consolidation of an effective national civilian structure that controls key mining
                   activities and manages in an equitable and productive manner the extraction, value
                   addition, transport, and trade of natural resources in ea stern DRC, in coordination
                   with the Special Envoy for the Great Lakes Region’s technical assistance efforts;
                         (k) Continue to collaborate with the Government of the DRC to consolidate
                   the gains of the Action Plan to Prevent and End the Recruitment and Use of Children
                   and expedite its implementation and continue dialogue with all listed parties to obtain
                   further commitments and to prevent and end violations and abuses against children;

           (iii)   Security Sector Reform (SSR)
                         (l) Provide good offices and strategic and technical advice, as appropriate, to
                   the Government of the DRC and play a role in coordinating the support provided by
                   international and bilateral partners and the United Nations system, in consultation
                   with the Government of DRC, to:



22-29059                                                                                                               9/14

S/RES/2666 (2022)

                    – accelerate national ownership of SSR which delivers security and justice to all
                      through independent, accountable and functioning justice and security
                      institutions which take into account women’s full, equal, effective and
                      meaningful participation and safety;
                    – promote and facilitate military, police, justice and prison sector reforms to
                      enhance the justice and security sector’s accountability, fighting against
                      impunity and operational effectiveness, including through human rights
                      training;
                    – support, via the United Nations Mine Action Service, the enhancement of the
                      capacities of the Congolese security forces, including on weapons and
                      ammunitions management, Counter-IED, Explosive Ordnance Disposal as well
                      as on basic investigation and forensics exploitation related to IEDs;
                      25. Authorises MONUSCO to monitor, report immediately to the Security
                Council, and follow-up on human rights violations and abuses and violations of
                international humanitarian law, on restrictions on political space and violence,
                including in the context of the elections;
                      26. Further authorises MONUSCO, without impeding on its capacity to
                implement its priority tasks, to use its existing capacities to implement the following
                tasks exclusively in cooperation with the UNCT and in a streamlined a nd sequenced
                manner, bearing in mind that all tasks are mutually reinforcing:

                Support for the 2023 electoral process
                     (a) Provide, if officially requested by the Congolese authorities, support for
                the 2023 electoral process in the three provinces where MONUSCO is still deployed,
                including limited logistical support without prejudice to MONUSCO’s ability to
                deliver on its priority tasks, as appropriate and in coordination with Congolese
                authorities, the UNCT, regional and international actors, in order to facilitate a
                peaceful electoral cycle, in particular by engaging in dialogue with the CENI;

                Support to the DRC judicial system and fight against impunity
                     (b) Work with the authorities of the DRC, leveraging the capacities and
                expertise of the UN System, to strengthen and support the DRC judicial system in
                order to investigate and prosecute all those allegedly responsible for genocide, war
                crimes and crimes against humanity and violations of international humanitarian law
                and violations or abuses of human rights in the country, including through cooperation
                with States of the region and the ICC;
                      (c) Provide good offices, advice and support to the Government of the DRC
                to promote human rights, in particular civil and political rights, and to fight impunity,
                including through the implementation of the Government’s “zero tolerance policy”
                with respect to discipline and human rights and international humanitarian law
                violations, committed by elements of the security sector, and to engage and facilitate
                mediation efforts at local level to advance sustainable peace;

                Protection of the United Nations
                     27. Ensure the protection of United Nations personnel, facilities, installations
                and equipment and the security and freedom of movement of United Nations and
                associated personnel;




10/14                                                                                                       22-29059

                                                                                                  S/RES/2666 (2022)


           Child protection
                 28. Requests MONUSCO to take fully into account child protection as a crosscutting issue throughout its mandate, inter alia, in DDR processes and in SSR as well
           as during interventions leading to the separation of children from armed groups in
           order to end and prevent violations and abuses against children, and to continue to
           ensure the effectiveness of the monitoring and reporting mechanisms on children and
           armed conflict and acknowledges the crucial role of United Nations Child Protection
           Advisers in MONUSCO;

           Gender, Sexual Violence
                 29. Requests MONUSCO to take fully into account gender considerations as
           a crosscutting issue throughout its mandate and to assist the Government of the DRC
           and other relevant stakeholders in creating a legal, political and socio -economic
           environment conducive to ensuring the full, equal, effective and meaningful
           participation and full involvement and representation of women at all levels, and
           survivors of sexual and gender-based violence, for the maintenance and promotion of
           peace and security, protection of civilians, including by engagin g women’s networks
           as partners in protection, support to DDR and SSR efforts, and support to stabilisation
           efforts, requests MONUSCO support the government in advancing women’s full,
           equal, effective and meaningful political participation, in particular ac hieving the
           30% constitutional quota and acknowledges the crucial role of United Nations Women
           Protection Advisers in MONUSCO;
                30. Reiterates the urgent and imperative need to hold accountable all
           perpetrators of violations of international humanitarian law, requests MONUSCO to
           accelerate the coordinated implementation of monitoring, analysis and reporting
           arrangements on sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict situations;

           Humanitarian Access and Humanitarian Appeal
                 31. Recalls all its relevant resolutions on the protection of humanitarian and
           medical personnel, including resolutions 2439 (2018) and 2286 (2016), and demands
           that all parties allow and facilitate, in accordance with relevant provisions of
           international law and consistent with humanitarian principles, the full, safe,
           immediate and unhindered access of humanitarian personnel, equipment and supplies
           and the timely delivery of humanitarian assistance to populations in need, in particular
           to refugees and internally displaced persons, throughout the territory of the DRC;
                 32. Calls on Member States and international and regional organisations to
           respond swiftly to the humanitarian needs identified in the Humanitarian Response
           Plan through increased contributions and to ensure that all pledges are honoured in
           full and in a timely manner;
                 33. Emphasises the importance of maintaining international support and
           engagement – financially, technically and in-kind – to respond rapidly to infectious
           disease outbreaks and requests all relevant parts of the United Nations System to
           effectively coordinate their activities, in accordance with their mandates and
           responsibilities, in response to Ebola, COVID-19 and other potential outbreaks;

           Sanctions regime
                 34. Requests MONUSCO to monitor the implementation of the arms embargo
           as described in paragraph 1 of resolution 2293 (2016) in cooperation with the Group
           of Experts established by resolution 1533 (2004), and in particular observe and report
           on flows of military personnel, arms or related materiel across the eastern border of
           the DRC, including by using, as specified in the letter of the Council dated 22 January

22-29059                                                                                                      11/14

S/RES/2666 (2022)

                2013 (S/2013/44), surveillance capabilities provided by unmanned aerial systems,
                seize, collect, record and dispose of arms or related materiel brought into the DRC in
                violation of the measures imposed by paragraph 1 of resolution 2293 (2016), and to
                assist and exchange relevant information with the Group of Experts;

                Mission effectiveness and Safety and Security of peacekeepers
                      35. Requests the Secretary-General to provide MONUSCO with the necessary
                capacities to fulfil its mandate in a complex security environment that includes
                asymmetric threats to its personnel and to ensure that all peacekeepers in the field are
                willing, capable and equipped to effectively and safely implement their mandate,
                further requests the Secretary-General, Member States, and the Government of DRC
                to take all appropriate measures to ensure the best level possible of safety and security
                of MONUSCO’s personnel, in line with resolution 2518 (2020), with principles to
                guide the COVID-19 vaccination of uniformed personnel in-theatre and prior to
                deployment in line with UN guidelines and best practices to improve safety of
                peacekeepers, notes with concern the grave risks violations of the Status of Forces
                Agreement can present to the safety and security of United Nations personnel serving
                in peacekeeping operations, underscores that the primary responsibility for the safety
                and security of United Nations personnel and assets rests with host State, highlights
                the importance of effective communications between United Nations peacekeeping
                operations and host governments to build trust and mutual understanding and requests
                the Secretary-General to implement the provisions of resolution 2589 (2021) for
                establishing accountability for crimes against peacekeepers;
                      36. Requests the Secretary-General to implement the activities listed in
                paragraph 42 of resolution 2612 (2021) in the planning and conduct of MONUSCO ’s
                operations within the limits of the mandate and area of operation and in line with
                existing United Nations guidelines and regulations as well as paragraph 44 of
                resolution 2612 (2021), further requests MONUSCO to implement paragraph 45 of
                resolution 2612 (2021) and troop- and police-contributing countries to implement
                paragraphs 46 and 47 of resolution 2612 (2021) and notes the United Nations
                Department of Operational Support’s Environment Strategy (phase II), which
                emphasises good stewardship of resources and a positive legacy of the mission, and
                identifies the goal of expanded renewable energy use in missions to enhance safety
                and security, save costs, offer efficiencies and benefit the mission;
                     37. Urges troop- and police-contributing countries to continue taking
                appropriate action to prevent sexual exploitation and ab use, including vetting of all
                personnel, predeployment and in-mission awareness training, to ensure full
                accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel, including through
                timely investigations of all allegations of sexual exploitation an d abuse by troop- and
                police-contributing countries to hold perpetrators accountable, to repatriate units
                when there is credible evidence of widespread or systemic sexual exploitation and
                abuse by those units, and to report to the United Nations fully and promptly on actions
                undertaken;

                Exit strategy
                     38. Takes note of the call by the Government of the DRC to review the
                Transition Plan for MONUSCO and encourages the United Nations and the
                Government of the DRC, in liaison with civil society, to thereby identify the concrete
                and realistic steps to be undertaken, as a matter of priority, to create the minimum
                security conditions to enable the responsible and sustainable exit of MONUSCO;
                     39. Calls upon MONUSCO, the UNCT and other United Nations entities
                operating in the DRC to accelerate integration and cooperation to undertake the


12/14                                                                                                       22-29059

                                                                                                 S/RES/2666 (2022)

           priority collaborative actions identified in the Transition plan and to enable scaled up
           programming by the UNCT in preparation for MONUSCO’s withdrawal, including
           by developing a coherent resource mobilisation strategy and encourages the
           international community and donors to support the scaling up of the activities and
           programming of the UNCT and other United Nations entities operating in the DRC,
           including peacebuilding activities;
                 40. Calls upon MONUSCO to work closely with the UNCT to identify ways
           to address gaps in capabilities to prepare for the exit of MONUSCO and to clarify
           roles and responsibilities for all relevant United Nations stakeholders in line with
           resolution 2594 (2021) underscores the need to progressively transfer MONUSCO ’s
           tasks to the Government of the DRC, the UNCT and other relevant stakeholders,
           where appropriate and consistent with mandates and resources, in order to enable the
           responsible and sustainable exit of MONUSCO and encourages the Secretary-General where appropriate to discontinue tasks which can be re sponsibly and
           sustainably assumed by other stakeholders and to streamline MONUSCO
           accordingly;
                41. Highlights that, in transition settings, a proactive approach to strategic
           communications, including joint communications between MONUSCO and the
           Government of the DRC, may contribute to creating conditions conducive to the
           smooth reconfiguration of United Nations presence and requests MONUSCO and
           relevant partners to continue to explore the available options to sustain Radio Okapi
           programming in the context of MONUSCO’s transition;
                 42. Stresses that MONUSCO’s activities should be conducted in such a
           manner as to reduce the threat posed by domestic and foreign armed groups to a level
           that can be managed by the DRC’s security forces to facilitate its gradual, responsible
           and sustainable exit, based upon progress towards satisfying the benchmarks and
           indicators set out in the Transition plan and taking into consideration the situation on
           the ground;

           Reports by the Secretary-General
                43. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council every three months
           including:
              – information on the situation in the DRC, including progress towards the
                strengthening of State institutions, key governance and security reforms;
              – information, including qualitative performance metrics, on the implementation
                of MONUSCO’s mandate, including its protection of civilian tasks, cooperation
                among regional security forces, MONUSCO’s performance including on FIB
                operations, and information on police and force generation, and whether and
                how the mission’s activities have contributed toward achieving the mission’s
                priority tasks referenced in paragraph 24, and what challenges and obstacles the
                mission faced in advancing the priority tasks, using the data collected and
                analysed through the Comprehensive Planning and Performance Assessment
                System (CPAS), the mission’s implementation of the Integrated Peacekeeping
                Performance and Accountability Framework (IPPAF) and other strategic
                planning and performance measurement tools to describe the mission’s impact
                and overall mission performance, including information on undeclared caveats,
                declining to participate in or undertake patrols and their impact on the mission,
                and how the reported cases of under-performance are addressed;
              – information on the actions and impact of strategic communications for mandated
                activities;



22-29059                                                                                                     13/14

S/RES/2666 (2022)

                    – updates on efforts to adequately resource and on progress on implementation of
                      the priority collaborative actions with specialised agencies, funds and
                      programmes of the United Nations identified in the Transition plan;
                    – updates on the progressive transfer of MONUSCO’s tasks to the Government of
                      the DRC, the UNCT and other relevant stakeholders, including where
                      appropriate on the discontinuation of tasks as requested in paragraph 40;
                    – every six months, updates on progress towards the realisation of the benchmarks
                      and indicators set by the Government and the United Nations in the Transition
                      plan;
                           and further requests the Secretary-General to include gender analysis in
                     all reports to the Security Council;
                      44. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Security Council, once the
                joint review of the Transition Plan for MONUSCO is concluded and no later than July
                2023, options for adapting MONUSCO’s configuration of its civilian, police and
                military components and on the United Nations’ future configuration in the DRC
                beyond the current mandate of MONUSCO, taking into consideration MONUSCO ’s
                role with respect to the EAC Regional Force and other existing international, regional
                and bilateral initiatives in support of the DRC;
                     45. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council every six
                months, in coordination with the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for the Great
                Lakes Region and the SRSG for the DRC on the implementation of the commitments
                under the PSC Framework and its linkages with the broader security situation in the
                Great Lakes Region;
                     46.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.




14/14                                                                                                    22-29059