Security Council resolution 2448 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) until 15 Nov. 2019]
Symbol: S/RES/2448 (2018)
Date: 2018-12-13
Status: adopted
Agenda: S/73 [227] UN MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRATED STABILIZATION MISSION IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
S/73 [181] CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SITUATION
S/ X The situation in the Central African Republic.
Subjects: UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|POLITICAL CONDITIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Votes in favour: 13
Votes against: 0
Abstentions: 2
Voting record:
country: BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
vote: yes
country: CHINA
vote: abstention
country: CÔTE D'IVOIRE
vote: yes
country: EQUATORIAL GUINEA
vote: yes
country: ETHIOPIA
vote: yes
country: FRANCE
vote: yes
country: KAZAKHSTAN
vote: yes
country: KUWAIT
vote: yes
country: NETHERLANDS
vote: yes
country: PERU
vote: yes
country: POLAND
vote: yes
country: RUSSIAN FEDERATION
vote: abstention
country: SWEDEN
vote: yes
country: UNITED KINGDOM
vote: yes
country: UNITED STATES
vote: yes

               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2448 (2018)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                13 December 2018




               Resolution 2448 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8422nd meeting, on
               13 December 2018

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its previous resolutions and statements on the Central African
               Republic (CAR), in particular resolutions 2121 (2013), 2127 (2013), 2134 (2014),
               2149 (2014), 2181 (2014), 2196 (2015), 2212 (2015), 2217 (2015), 2262 (2016), 2264
               (2016), 2281 (2016), 2301 (2016), 2339 (2017), 2387 (2017), 2399 (2018), as well as
               resolution 2272 (2016), and its Presidential Statements S/PRST/2014/28 of
               18 December 2014, S/PRST/2015/17 of 20 October 2015, S/PRST/2016/17 of
               16 November 2016, S/PRST/2017/5 of 4 April 2017, S/PRST/2017/9 of 13 July 2017
               and S/PRST/2018/14 of 13 July 2018,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and
               territorial integrity of the CAR, and recalling the importance of the principles of
               non-interference, good-neighbourliness and regional cooperation,
                     Reaffirming the basic principles of peacekeeping, such as consent of the parties,
               impartiality, and non-use of force, except in self-defence and defence of the mandate,
               recognizing that the mandate of each peacekeeping mission is specific to the need and
               situation of the country concerned, underlining that the mandates that it authorizes
               are consistent with the basic principles, reiterating that the Security Council expects
               full delivery of the mandates it authorizes, and recalling in this regard its resolution
               2436 (2018),
                     Recalling that the CAR Authorities have the primary responsibility to protect
               all populations in the CAR in particular from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing
               and crimes against humanity and, in this regard, recalling the importance of restoring
               state authority in all parts of the country,
                    Expressing deep concern regarding persistent violence perpetrated by armed
               groups throughout the country in their attempts to forcefully gain control of territory
               and resources and destabilize the country, as well as the lack of capacity of the
               national security forces, and the persistence of the root causes of the conflict,
                     Condemning in the strongest terms incitement to ethnic and religious hatred and
               violence and the multiple violations of international humanitarian law and the
               widespread human rights violations and abuses, including those committed against
               children and those involving sexual and gender-based violence in conflict, committed
               notably by both ex-Seleka and anti-Balaka elements, and other armed groups, as well




18-21831 (E)
*1821831*

S/RES/2448 (2018)

               as the targeting of civilians from specific communities, resulting in deaths, injuries
               and displacements,
                    Expressing its concern that children have continued to be victims of abuses
               committed by armed elements of the ex-Seleka and anti-Balaka as well as other armed
               groups, including the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), and that women and girls
               continue to be violently targeted and victims of sexual and gender-based violence in
               the CAR,
                    Recalling its resolutions on the protection of civilians in armed conflict,
               including 2286 (2016) and 1894 (2009), its resolutions on Children and Armed
               Conflict including 2225 (2015) and 2427 (2018) and its resolutions on Women, Peace
               and Security including 2106 (2013) and 2242 (2015), welcoming the ratification by
               the CAR Authorities of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the
               Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict on 21 September 2017,
               underlining the importance of its full implementation, and calling upon all parties in
               the CAR to engage with the Special Representative on Children and Armed Conflict
               and the Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict,
                    Emphasizing that any sustainable solution to the crisis in the CAR should be
               CAR-owned, including the political process, and should prioritize reconciliation of
               the Central African people, through an inclusive process that involves men and
               women of all social, economic, political, religious and ethnic backgrounds, including,
               those displaced by the crisis,
                     Recalling the holding of, and local participation in, grassroots consultations
               throughout the country between 21 January and 8 March 2015, which enabled
               thousands of people in the CAR to express their views on the future of their country,
               and the holding and the current relevance of the Bangui Forum in May 2015, during
               which the Republican Pact for Peace, National Reconciliation and Reconstruction as
               well as agreements on the principles for disarmament, demobilization, reintegration
               and repatriation (DDR/R), justice and reconciliation, and security sector reform
               (SSR), and on the commitment by armed groups to end the recruitment and use of
               children and to release all children from their ranks, were adopted,
                    Stressing the urgent and imperative need to end impunity in the CAR and to
               bring to justice perpetrators of violations of international humanitarian law and of
               abuses and violations of human rights, including in the context of the peace process
               led by the African Initiative, welcoming in this regard the official launch of
               investigations by the Special Criminal Court (SCC) and the steps initiated by the
               Government of the CAR in establishing other transitional justice mechanisms to
               ensure accountability for past crimes and reparation for victims while promoting
               national reconciliation, and underlining the need to bolster the other national
               accountability mechanisms as well as the support for the work of the Independent
               Expert on human rights in the CAR,
                    Reiterating the primary responsibility of the national authorities to ensure a
               conducive environment for the effective and independent investigation, prosecution
               and adjudication of all cases, also emphasizing the need for the CAR government to
               ensure institutional preparedness to that end,
                    Recalling the peaceful organization of a constitutional referendum on
               13 December 2015 and legislative and presidential elections in December 2015,
               February and March 2016, as well as the inauguration of the President Faustin-Archange Touadéra on 30 March 2016,
                     Taking note of the upcoming presidential, legislative and local elections in
               2020/2021 and underlining the primary responsibility of the Government of the CAR
               to organize inclusive, free, fair, transparent, credible, peaceful and timely electoral

2/20                                                                                                     18-21831

                                                                                                 S/RES/2448 (2018)

           processes, including the full and effective participation of women, and encouraging
           the CAR authorities, with the support of relevant partners, to promote the
           participation of IDPs and refugees in accordance with the Constitution of the CAR,
                 Emphasizing the fact that the current security situation in the CAR provides a
           conducive environment for transnational criminal activity, such as that involving arms
           trafficking and the use of mercenaries as well as a potential breeding ground for
           radical networks,
                 Reiterating that illicit trade, exploitation and smuggling of natural resources
           including gold, diamonds, and wildlife poaching and trafficking continues to threaten
           the peace and stability of the CAR,
                Expressing grave concern at the threat to peace and security in the CAR arising
           from the illicit transfer, destabilizing accumulation and misuse of small arms and light
           weapons, and the use of such weapons against civilians,
                 Acknowledging in this respect the important contribution to the peace, stability
           or security of the CAR, of the Council-mandated sanctions regime renewed by
           resolution 2399 (2018), including its provisions related to the arms embargo, and its
           provisions related to individuals or entities designated by the Committee as engaging
           in or providing support for acts that undermine the peace, stability or security of the
           CAR,
                 Expressing concern about reported travel by individuals designated pursuant to
           UNSC resolution 2127 (2013) and noting the critical importance of effective
           implementation of the sanctions regime, including the key role that neighbouring
           States, as well as regional and subregional organizations, can play in this regard and
           encouraging efforts to further enhance cooperation,
                 Reiterating its serious concern at the dire humanitarian situation in the CAR and
           the consequences of the deterioration of the security situation on humanitarian access,
           condemning in the strongest terms attacks against humanitarian workers, and
           emphasizing in particular the current humanitarian needs of more than half of the
           population of the country and the alarming situation of internally displaced persons
           (IDPs) and refugees in neighbouring countries, further expressing concern at the
           consequences of the flow of refugees on the situation in countries of the region, and
           recalling the need for Member States to scale up funding to urgently respond to the
           humanitarian needs in the country identified in the 2018 Humanitarian Response Plan,
                 Recognizing the adverse effects of climate change, ecological changes and
           natural disasters, among other factors, on the stability of the Central African Region,
           including through drought, desertification, land degradation, and food insecurity, and
           stressing the need for adequate risk assessment by the United Nations relating to these
           factors and for long-term strategies by governments of the Central African Region
           and the United Nations to support stabilization and build resilience,
                 Recalling the responsibility of the CAR Authorities to protect and promote the
           right to freedom of movement of all people in the CAR, including IDPs, without
           distinction, their freedom to choose where to reside, and to comply with their right to
           return to their own country or to leave in order to seek asylum in other States and
           expressing concern for the plight of civilians trapped in enclaves with limited access
           to humanitarian assistance,
                 Underlining the continued need to support national, and to coordinate in a
           transparent manner international, efforts towards the transformation of the security
           sector in the CAR and stressing the crucial role of the Internal Security Forces (ISF)
           (police and gendarmerie) in the restoration of community security, public safety and
           the rule of law in the CAR,

18-21831                                                                                                      3/20

S/RES/2448 (2018)

                    Welcoming in this regard the work carried out by the European Union Training
               Mission in the CAR (EUTM-RCA), as well as the support of other international and
               regional partners, including France, the Russian Federation and the United States, to
               provide coherent, transparent, and coordinated support to reform the FACA into
               multi-ethnic, professional, and representative armed forces, and to the training and
               the enhancement of capacities of the national security and defence forces, and
               encouraging effective coordination between the United Nations Multidimensional
               Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA),
               EUTM-RCA and other international partners in this regard,
                     Welcoming the continued role of the United Nations, including the Regional
               Office for Central Africa (UNOCA), neighbouring countries, the African Union (AU),
               the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), the International
               Conference on the Great Lakes region (ICGLR), as well as the strong engagement of
               the European Union (EU), and the continued engagement of the World Bank, the
               International Monetary Fund, other international partners and donors, and the
               Community of Sant’Egidio, in support of the stabilization of the CAR,
                     Condemning in the strongest terms all attacks, provocations and incitement to
               violence against MINUSCA contingents and other international forces by armed
               groups or other perpetrators, paying tribute to the personnel of MINUSCA who
               sacrificed their lives in the service of peace, underlining that attacks targeting
               peacekeepers may constitute war crimes, reminding all parties of their obligations
               under international humanitarian law and urging the CAR Authorities to take all
               possible measures to ensure the arrest and prosecution of perpetrators,
                    Welcoming in this regard MINUSCA’s efforts to protect civilians and to combat
               armed groups with the success of operation “MBARANGA” in Paoua, launched in
               January 2018, and other ongoing operations in the country,
                     Welcoming the commitment of the Secretary-General to enforce strictly his zerotolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), noting the various measures
               taken by MINUSCA and Troop- and Police-contributing countries (T/PCCs) to
               combat SEA, which has led to a reduction in reported cases, but still expressing grave
               concern over numerous allegations of SEA reportedly committed by peacekeepers in
               the CAR, as well as by non-United Nations forces, stressing the urgent need for
               T/PCCs and, as appropriate, MINUSCA, to promptly investigate those allegations in
               a credible and transparent manner and for those responsible for such criminal offences
               or misconduct to be held to account, and further stressing the need to prevent such
               exploitation and abuse and to improve how these allegations are addressed in line
               with resolution 2272 (2016),
                    Noting the presentation of the report on “Improving Security of United Nations
               Peacekeepers”, which highlights the link between the safety and security of
               peacekeepers and the performance of troops, recognizing that fatalities can be a
               consequence of deficiencies in training, equipment and performance,
                     Recognizing that institutionalizing a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping
               will contribute to better delivery of peacekeeping mandates, as well as lead to
               improvements in the safety and security of peacekeepers, and welcoming the work
               already initiated by the Secretariat in the setting up of a comprehensive and integrated
               performance policy framework measuring performance based on data collection and
               analysis,
                    Welcoming the initiative of the Secretary-General to conduct Special
               Investigations into performance issues, and encouraging the Secretary-General to
               report on the findings of such investigations and efforts to take collective action to
               improve peacekeeping operations,


4/20                                                                                                      18-21831

                                                                                                   S/RES/2448 (2018)

                 Reiterating its serious concern at the continuing lack of key capabilities for
           MINUSCA, stressing the need to fill gaps in, in particular in the field of military
           helicopters, and emphasizing the utmost importance of improving logistics support to
           ensure the security and safety of MINUSCA’s personnel in that regard,
                 Stressing the need to implement MINUSCA’s mandate, based on the
           prioritization of tasks, and, when relevant, in a phased manner,
                 Taking note of the Report of the Secretary-General of 15 October 2018
           (S/2018/922) which builds on the findings and recommendations of the independent
           strategic review of MINUSCA conducted in June-September 2018,
                 Determining that the situation in the CAR continues to constitute a threat to
           international peace and security in the region,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

           Political process
                 1.    Reiterates its support to President Faustin-Archange Touadéra in his
           efforts to promote lasting peace and stability in the CAR and calls on the CAR
           Authorities to take all the necessary steps, without delay, to advance an inclusive
           dialogue with armed groups and promote national reconciliation, the extension of
           State authority, the reform of the security sector, the disarmament, demobilization and
           reintegration (DDR) process, and the fight against impunity, as the highest priorities;
                 2.   Reaffirms its support to the African Initiative for Peace and Reconciliation
           in the CAR (African Initiative) and its roadmap that was adopted by the ministerial
           conference held in Libreville on 17 July 2017 by the CAR Authorities, the AU, the
           ECCAS, the ICGLR with the support of Angola, Chad, Congo and Gabon, reaffirms
           that the African Initiative and its roadmap constitute the only framework for a
           comprehensive political solution in the CAR, as agreed by the CAR Authorities and
           under their leadership, and calls upon all actors to support the African Initiative in its
           implementation of the peace process;
                 3.    Welcomes the progress made by the Panel of Facilitators of the African
           Initiative, underscores the urgent need for further progress in an ambitious and
           inclusive dialogue between the CAR authorities and the armed groups, as well as all
           segments of society, promoting the full and effective participation of women, in order
           to reach a comprehensive political agreement without delay, and encourages
           President Faustin-Archange Touadéra to cement and broaden national ownership of
           the peace process;
                 4.    Welcomes the high-level ministerial meeting on the CAR that was held on
           27 September 2018 in the margins of the 73rd ordinary session of the General
           Assembly of the United Nations, co-chaired by the CAR, the United Nations, the AU
           and the ECCAS, reiterates the need to strengthen coordination of all efforts and
           initiatives under the leadership of the African Union in support of the African
           Initiative for peace and reconciliation in the CAR, welcomes in this regard the intent
           of the United Nations and the AU to appoint a joint Special Envoy to support the
           peace process by ensuring sustained and coherent regional engagement and support
           to the peace process, working in close cooperation with all partners of the Central
           African Republic, as needed and without prejudice of the respective mandates of
           MINUSCA and UNOCA, further welcomes the call for MINUSCA to play a greater
           political role in the African Initiative and the decision to include the Special
           Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) as a full member of the Panel of
           Facilitators, and further calls on Member States represented in the Panel of
           Facilitators to reinforce their financial support to the African Initiative and


18-21831                                                                                                        5/20

S/RES/2448 (2018)

               international partners to continue to provide adequate financial support to the political
               process;
                     5.    Emphasizes the importance of the role and high-level commitment of the
               AU, the ECCAS, the ICGLR, and neighbouring countries that are part of the Panel of
               Facilitators of the African Initiative to promote lasting peace and stability in the CAR
               and calls on them in this regard to step up their coordination and efforts for the next
               steps in the implementation of the Libreville roadmap;
                     6.    Welcomes the first meeting of the International Support Group (ISG) to the
               CAR, co-chaired by the AU, the ECCAS and the United Nations, that took place in
               Bangui on 11 April 2018 to promote coherent and sustained engagement for the
               stabilization and recovery efforts in the CAR, and in this regard calls for the
               reactivation of joint bilateral commissions between Cameroon, Chad and Sudan with
               the CAR to address cross-border issues, including violence in transhumance corridors
               and transnational trafficking;
                     7.    Urges all militias and armed groups throughout the country to lay down
               their arms, cease all forms of violence and destabilizing activities, including attacks
               against peacekeepers and humanitarian workers, incitement to hatred and violence
               and restrictions on freedom of movement of people, and release children from their
               ranks, immediately, permanently and unconditionally, and urges all political and
               institutional actors in the CAR to strongly condemn and counter such acts;
                     8.  Further demands that all militias and armed groups engage constructively
               and in good faith in the peace process;
                    9.  Recalls that individuals or entities that undermine peace and stability in
               the CAR could be listed for targeted measures pursuant to resolution 2399 (2018);
                     10. Urges the CAR Authorities to urgently implement a genuine and inclusive
               process to support reconciliation in the CAR, including by addressing marginalization
               of civilians from specific communities, issues of national identity, and local
               grievances of all the components of society over the whole territory of the CAR,
               including through national policies on economic development and civil service
               recruitment, and to promote reconciliation initiatives at the regional, national,
               prefectural and local levels, including through local elections;
                     11. Recalls the crucial role of civil society in the peace and reconciliation
               process and the need for the CAR Authorities to adequately promote its engagement
               in this process to ensure that the comprehensive political agreement addresses the
               root causes of the conflict and further encourages the full and effective participation
               of women in this process;
                     12. Also calls upon the CAR Authorities to ensure that national policies and
               legislative frameworks adequately protect the human rights of IDPs, including
               freedom of movement, and supports durable solutions for IDPs and refugee
               populations, including the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return to one’s
               home or local integration or resettlement;
                    13. Underscores the importance of respect for the Constitution to ensure the
               long-term stabilization and development of the CAR;
                    14. Encourages the submission by Member States of listing requests to the
               Committee established by paragraph 57 of resolution 2127 (2013), including detailed
               evidentiary support for each request, of individuals and entities engaging in or
               providing support for acts that undermine the peace, stability or security of the CAR,
               including acts that threaten or impede the political process, or the stabilization and
               reconciliation process, or that fuel violence;


6/20                                                                                                       18-21831

                                                                                                  S/RES/2448 (2018)

                 15. Calling on international partners to assist the CAR Authorities in building
           the institutional and operational capacities of national police, gendarmerie and
           customs authorities to effectively monitor the borders and points of entry, including
           to support the implementation of the measures renewed and modified by paragraph 1
           of resolution 2399 (2018) and the disarmament and repatriation of foreign members
           of armed groups;
                 16. Recalls the successful conduct of pre-DDR activities and Community
           Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes, welcomes the completion of the
           disarmament, demobilization and reintegration pilot project with the integration of
           former elements of armed groups into the CAR armed forces, and urges the CAR
           Authorities to address the presence and activity of armed groups in the CAR by
           implementing a comprehensive strategy that prioritizes dialogue and the urgent
           implementation of an inclusive, gender-sensitive and effective DDR as well as
           repatriation (DDRR) in the case of foreign fighters, including children formerly
           associated with armed forces and groups, while respecting the need to fight against
           impunity, to be implemented in coherence with SSR which ensures civilian oversight
           of defence and national security forces, with the support of the international
           community;
                17. Calls on the CAR Authorities to implement the National Security Policy
           and the National Strategy on SSR, including with the support of the international
           community, in order to put in place professional, ethnically representative, regionally
           balanced, taking into account the recruitment of women, and appropriately trained
           and equipped national defence and internal security forces, including through the
           adoption and implementation of appropriate vetting procedures of all defence and
           security personnel, including human rights vetting, as well as measures to absorb
           elements of armed groups meeting rigorous eligibility and vetting criteria, and
           requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council on progress taken in this
           regard as part of his regular reporting cycle;
                 18. Recalls the finalization, in coordination with MINUSCA and EUTM-RCA,
           of the 2017–2019 Guidance Document for the Redeployment of CAR armed forces,
           based on the National Defence Plan adopted in 2017, which establishes the conditions
           for the progressive redeployment of the FACA units trained by EUTM-RCA, in
           coordination with MINUSCA, EUTM-RCA and other relevant international partners,
           in order to contribute to the extension of State authority and security, welcomes the
           adoption by the CAR Ministries of Defence and the Interior in February 2018 of a
           joint five-year concept for the deployment of both defence and internal security forces
           in order to ensure complementarity between their deployments, and further calls on
           the CAR Authorities to ensure that redeployments of defence and internal security
           forces are sustainable, do not pose a risk to the stabilization of the country, civilians
           or the political process, and demonstrate the Government of the CAR oversight,
           command and control, and appropriate budgetary support and to develop a
           comprehensive national security strategy that is aligned with the peace process;
                 19. Calls on the CAR Authorities to take concrete steps, without delay and as
           a matter of priority, to strengthen justice institutions at national and local levels as
           part of the extension of State authority and to fight impunity, in order to contribute to
           stabilization and reconciliation, including, inter alia, by restoring administration of
           the judiciary, criminal justice and penitentiary systems throughout the country, by
           demilitarizing the prisons and gradually replace the FACA by recruiting and
           sustaining civilian prison personnel, by establishing transitional justice mechanisms,
           based on an victim-centered approach, to ensure accountability for past crimes and
           reparation for victims, and by ensuring access to fair and equal justice for all;



18-21831                                                                                                       7/20

S/RES/2448 (2018)

                     20. Welcomes in this regard the concrete steps toward the full
               operationalization of the Special Criminal Court (SCC), including the holding of its
               inaugural session on 22 October 2018 that officially launched its investigations, and
               the steps initiated to establish the Truth, Justice, Reparations and Reconciliation
               Commission, and further encourages the SCC to continue its investigations;
                     21. Also calls on the CAR Authorities to continue their efforts to restore the
               effective authority of the State over the whole territory of the CAR, including by
               redeploying State administration in the provinces, and ensuring the timely payment
               of salaries to civil servants and Security forces, with the objective of ensuring stable,
               accountable, inclusive and transparent governance;
                     22. Encourages the CAR Authorities, with the support of the international
               community, in particular with International Financial Institutions leading
               international efforts, and based on critical peace and State building goals, to continue
               consolidating public financial management and accountability, especially revenue
               collection, expenditure controls, public procurement and concession practices
               building on relevant international experiences and in a manner that allows it to meet
               the expenses related to the functioning of the State, implement early recovery plans,
               and revitalize the economy, and fosters national ownership and respects the
               sovereignty of the CAR;
                     23. Further calls on Member States, international and regional organizations
               to disburse pledges made at the international conference in Brussels (17 November
               2016) as well as the African Solidarity Conference held in Addis Ababa (1 February
               2017), in support of the implementation of the country’s peacebuilding priorities as
               outlined in the CAR’s National Strategy for Recovery and Peace consolidation
               (RCPCA) to provide support to the CAR Authorities for the reforms, for the
               restoration of the State authority over the whole territory, including contributions for
               the payment of salaries and other needs, in addition to support for the SSR and DDRR
               programmes and for the restoration of the judiciary and the criminal justice system
               including the SCC and, in that regard, encourages the CAR Authorities to accelerate
               the effective implementation of the RCPCA and relevant partners to support the
               efforts of the Government of the CAR through the RCPCA Secretariat to boost
               development projects and accelerate their delivery and implementation with a special
               emphasis on infrastructures that require heavy investments and a coordinated strategy
               to address the needs of the country in that regard;
                    24. Takes note of the development of a framework of mutual accountability
               between the CAR Authorities and international partners under the leadership of the
               Government of the CAR, with the aim of enhancing transparency and accountability
               as well as the coherence and sustained support of the CAR’s international partners in
               support of agreed national priorities;
                     25. Stresses in this context the valuable role of the Peacebuilding Commission
               (PBC) in bringing strategic advice, providing observations for the Security Council’s
               consideration, and fostering a more coherent, coordinated and integrated approach to
               international peacebuilding efforts, recognizes the active role of the Kingdom of
               Morocco, and encourages continued coordination with the PBC and other relevant
               international organizations and institutions in support of CAR’s long term peace
               building needs;

               Human rights, including child protection and sexual violence in conflict
                    26. Reiterates the urgent and imperative need to hold accountable all those
               responsible for violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses
               of human rights, irrespective of their status or political affiliation, reiterates that some
               of those acts may amount to crimes under the Rome Statute of the International

8/20                                                                                                          18-21831

                                                                                                 S/RES/2448 (2018)

           Criminal Court (ICC), to which the CAR is a State party, and recalls that committing
           acts of incitement to violence, in particular on an ethnic or religious basis, and then
           engaging in or providing support for acts that undermine the peace, stability or
           security of the CAR could be a basis for sanctions designations pursuant to resolution
           2399 (2018);
                 27. Recalls the decision made by the Prosecutor of the ICC on 24 September
           2014 to open, following the request of the national Authorities, an investigation into
           alleged crimes committed since 2012 and the ongoing cooperation of the CAR
           Authorities in this regard;
                 28. Takes note in this regard of the report of the Mapping Project describing
           serious violations and abuses of international human rights and violations of
           international humanitarian law committed within the territory of CAR between
           January 2003 and December 2015 and further calls on the CAR Authorities to
           follow-up on the recommendations;
                 29. Urges all parties to armed conflict in the CAR, including ex-Seleka and
           anti-Balaka elements, to end all violations and abuses committed against children, in
           violation of applicable international law, including those involving their recruitment
           and use, rape and sexual violence, killing and maiming, abductions and attacks on
           schools and hospitals and further calls upon the CAR Authorities to swiftly
           investigate alleged violations and abuses in order to hold those responsible
           accountable and to ensure that those responsible for such violations and abuses are
           excluded from the security sector;
                 30. Reiterates its demands that all parties protect and consider as victims those
           children who have been released or otherwise separated from armed forces and armed
           groups, and emphasizes the need to pay particular attention to the protection, release
           and reintegration of all children associated with armed forces and armed groups;
                 31. Calls upon all parties to armed conflict in the CAR, including ex-Seleka
           and anti-Balaka elements, to end sexual and gender-based violence, and further calls
           upon the CAR Authorities to swiftly investigate alleged abuses in order to hold those
           responsible accountable, and to develop a structured and comprehensive framework
           to address sexual violence in conflict, in line with resolutions 1960 (2010) and 2106
           (2013), to ensure that those responsible for such crimes are excluded from the security
           sector and prosecuted, and to facilitate immediate access for victims of sexual
           violence to available services;
                 32. Welcomes the work achieved so far by the Mixed Unit for Rapid
           Intervention and Suppression of Sexual Violence against Women and Children
           (UMIRR) to register and transfer cases of sexual violence to judicial authorities, calls
           on the CAR authorities and international partners to sustain adequate support to the
           UMIRR, and further calls for the swift prosecution of alleged perpetrators;

           Peacekeeping Operation
                33.   Renews its strong support to SRSG Parfait Onanga-Anyanga;
                34.   Decides to extend the mandate of MINUSCA until 15 November 2019;
                 35. Decides that MINUSCA shall continue to comprise up to 11,650 military
           personnel, including 480 Military Observers and Military Staff Officers, and 2,080
           police personnel, including 400 Individual Police Officers and 1,680 formed police
           unit personnel, as well as 108 corrections officers, recalls that the increase of 900
           military personnel authorised by paragraph 32 of resolution 2387 (2017) aimed at
           increasing MINUSCA’s flexibility and mobility to improve the efficient
           implementation of its full mandate and, in particular, the protection of civilians task

18-21831                                                                                                      9/20

S/RES/2448 (2018)

               provided at paragraph 39 (a), and further recalls its intention to keep this number
               under continuous review;
                     36. Decides that MINUSCA’s strategic objective is to support the creation of
               the political, security and institutional conditions conducive to the sustainable
               reduction of the presence of, and threat posed by, armed groups through a
               comprehensive approach and proactive and robust posture without prejudice to the
               basic principles of peacekeeping;
                     37. Recalls that MINUSCA’s mandate should be implemented based on a
               prioritization of tasks established in paragraphs 39 to 41 of this resolution, and, when
               relevant, in a phased manner, and further requests the Secretary-General to reflect this
               prioritization in the deployment of the mission and to align budgetary resources
               according to the prioritization of mandate tasks as set out in this resolution, while
               ensuring appropriate resources for the implementation of the mandate;
                    38. Authorises MINUSCA to take all necessary means to carry out its mandate
               within its capabilities and areas of deployment;
                     39. Decides that the mandate of MINUSCA shall include the following
               priority tasks:

         (a)   Protection of civilians
                    (i) To protect, in line with S/PRST/2018/18 of 21 September 2018, without
                    prejudice to the primary responsibility of the CAR Authorities and the basic
                    principles of peacekeeping, the civilian population under threat of physical
                    violence;
                    (ii) In support of the CAR Authorities, to take active steps to anticipate, deter
                    and effectively respond to serious and credible threats to the civilian population
                    through a comprehensive approach and, in this regard:
                       – to enhance its interaction with civilians, to strengthen its early warning
                         mechanism, to increase its efforts to monitor and document violations of
                         international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights
                         and to continue and strengthen local community engagement and
                         empowerment;
                       – to maintain a proactive deployment and a mobile, flexible and robust
                         posture, as well as by conducting active patrolling, in particular in high
                         risks areas;
                       – to mitigate the risk to civilians before, during and after any military or
                         police operation, including when in support of national security forces;
                       – to work with the CAR Authorities to identify and report threats to and
                         attacks against civilians and implement existing prevention and response
                         plans and strengthen civil-military cooperation, including joint planning;
                    (iii) To provide specific protection for women and children affected by armed
                    conflict, including through the deployment of Child Protection Advisers,
                    Women Protection Advisers and Gender Advisers;
                    (iv) To fully implement its new protection of civilians strategy adopted in April
                    2018 and to build on its work to develop a comprehensive protection of civilians
                    strategy involving national authorities, the United Nations Country Team
                    (UNCT), humanitarian and human rights organizations, and other relevant
                    partners in coherence with its political strategy;



10/20                                                                                                     18-21831

                                                                                                       S/RES/2448 (2018)

           (b)   Good offices and support to the peace process, including national
                 reconciliation, social cohesion and transitional justice
                      (i) To reinforce its role in the peace process through its participation in the
                      African Initiative and the participation of the SRSG to the Panel of Facilitators,
                      including substantive and mediation support to the African Initiative within its
                      ongoing technical, logistical and security support, and a stronger convening and
                      coordinating role of international support to the African Initiative, including by
                      promoting the ISG to the CAR as the international framework in support to the
                      African Initiative;
                      (ii) To collaborate with the African Initiative to ensure that the Mission’s
                      political and security strategies promote a more coherent peace process that
                      connects local and national peace efforts with the ongoing efforts to advance
                      DDR, SSR, the fight against impunity, and the restoration of State authority
                      while ensuring that the efforts of the African Initiative are informed by the
                      political, security, human rights, humanitarian and protection developments;
                      (iii) To assist the CAR Authorities’ efforts, at national and local levels, for an
                      increased participation of political parties, civil society, women, youth, and
                      where and when possible, IDPs and refugees to the peace process, in cooperation
                      with the African Initiative;
                      (iv) To provide good offices and technical expertise in support of efforts to
                      address the root causes of conflict, in particular to advance national
                      reconciliation and local conflict resolution, and the preparation and conduct of
                      an inclusive and transparent electoral process as a full part of the political
                      process, working with relevant regional and local bodies and religious leaders,
                      while ensuring the full and effective participation of women in line with the
                      CAR action plan on Women, Peace and Security, and drawing upon integrated
                      information and analysis from the United Nations system in-country;
                      (v) To support efforts of the CAR Authorities to address transitional justice as
                      part of the peace and reconciliation process, and marginalization and local
                      grievances, including through dialogue with the armed groups, civil society
                      leaders including women and youth representatives, and by assisting national,
                      prefectoral and local authorities to foster confidence among communities;
                      (vi) To provide technical expertise to the Government of the CAR in its
                      engagement with neighbouring countries, the ECCAS, and the AU, in
                      consultation and coordination with UNOCA, in particular through the
                      assessment of opportunities to resolve issues of common and bilateral interest,
                      in order to improve the anticipation and prevention of possible risks to regional
                      stability;
                      (vii) To make more proactive use of strategic communications, including
                      through the use of relevant communication tools, in particular radio, to support
                      its protection of civilians’ strategy, in coordination with the CAR Authorities, to
                      help the local population better understand the mandate of the mission, its
                      activities, and to build trust with the CAR citizens, parties to the conflict,
                      regional and other international actors and partners on the ground;

           (c)   Facilitate the creation of a secure environment for the immediate, full, safe and
                 unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance
                      To improve coordination with humanitarian actors and to facilitate the creation
                 of a secure environment for the immediate, full, safe and unhindered, civilian-led
                 delivery of humanitarian assistance, in accordance with United Nations guiding


18-21831                                                                                                          11/20

S/RES/2448 (2018)

               humanitarian principles and relevant provisions of international law, and for the
               voluntary safe, dignified and sustainable return or local integration or resettlement of
               internally displaced persons or refugees in close coordination with humanitarian
               actors;

         (d)   Protection of the United Nations
                    To protect the United Nations personnel, installations, equipment and goods and
               ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations and associated
               personnel;
                   40. Further authorises MINUSCA to pursue the following tasks of its
               mandate, bearing in mind that these tasks as well as those in paragraph 39 above are
               mutually reinforcing:

         (a)   Support for the extension of State authority, the deployment of security forces,
               and the preservation of territorial integrity
                    (i) To continue to support the Government of the CAR in implementing its
                    strategy for the extension of State authority including by providing advice to the
                    Government of the CAR on the establishment of interim security and
                    administrative arrangements acceptable to the population and under
                    Government of the CAR oversight, and through sequenced efforts based on
                    identified priorities and targeted geographic areas, to articulate a division of
                    labour with the UNCT and relevant partners in which MINUSCA would focus
                    on immediate, short and medium-term priorities and hand over activities in
                    long-term areas to relevant partners and to report to the Security council on
                    benchmarks for tasks to be handed over to the UNCT and partners;
                    (ii) To support a gradual handover of security of key officials, and static guard
                    duties of national institutions, to the CAR security forces, in coordination with
                    the CAR Authorities, and based on the risks on the ground;
                    (iii) To promote and support the rapid extension of State authority over the
                    entire territory of the CAR, including by supporting the deployment of vetted
                    and trained national police and gendarmerie in priority areas, including through
                    co-location, advising, mentoring and monitoring, in coordination with other
                    partners, as part of the deployment of the territorial administration and other
                    rule of law authorities, for increasing State presence in these priority areas
                    outside of Bangui;
                    (iv) To provide enhanced planning and technical assistance to FACA units
                    trained or certified by EUTM-RCA, and a limited number of vetted or trained
                    ISF, engaged in joint operations with MINUSCA that include joint planning and
                    tactical cooperation, in accordance with MINUSCA’s mandate and the United
                    Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), without exacerbating
                    the risks to the stabilization of the country, civilians, the political process, to
                    UN peacekeepers, or the impartiality of the Mission, to perform this task by
                    reallocating approved resources, and to keep this planning and technical
                    assistance under regular review in particular in the light of the benchmarks
                    outlined in the Secretary-General’s letter to the President of the Security
                    Council of 15 May 2018 (S/2018/463);
                    (v) To provide limited logistical support for the progressive redeployment of
                    a limited number of FACA units trained or certified by EUTM-RCA, and a
                    limited number of vetted or trained ISF, engaged in joint operations with
                    MINUSCA that include joint planning and tactical cooperation, in order to
                    support the implementation of MINUSCA’s current mandated tasks, including


12/20                                                                                                     18-21831

                                                                                                       S/RES/2448 (2018)

                     to protect civilians, and to support national authorities in the restoration and
                     maintenance of public safety and the rule of law, in accordance with
                     MINUSCA’s mandate and the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence
                     Policy (HRDDP), without exacerbating the risks to the stabilization of the
                     country, civilians, the political process, to UN peacekeepers, or the impartiality
                     of the Mission, to perform this task by reallocating approved resources, and to
                     review this limited logistical support in one year to ensure its compliance with
                     the benchmarks outlined in the Secretary-General’s letter to the President of the
                     Security Council of 15 May 2018 (S/2018/463);

           (b)   Security Sector Reform (SSR)
                     (i) To provide strategic and technical advice to the CAR Authorities to
                     implement the National Strategy on SSR, in close coordination with
                     EUTM-RCA and other international partners, including France, the Russian
                     Federation and the United States, and with the aim of ensuring coherence of the
                     SSR process, including through a clear delineation of responsibilities of the
                     FACA, the ISF and other uniformed entities, as well as the democratic control
                     of both defence and internal security forces;
                     (ii) To continue to support the CAR Authorities in developing an approach to
                     the vetting of defence and security elements (FACA, police and gendarmerie)
                     which includes human rights vetting, in particular to promote accountability of
                     violations of international and domestic law amongst security forces and in the
                     context of any integration of demobilized armed groups elements into security
                     sector institutions;
                     (iii) To take a leading role in supporting the CAR Authorities in implementing
                     the National Capacity-Building and Development Plan for ISF, particularly
                     command and control structures and oversight mechanisms, and coordinate
                     international assistance in this regard;
                     (iv) To support the Government of the CAR in developing an incentive
                     structure for training of police and gendarmerie and for the selection,
                     recruitment, vetting and training of police and gendarmerie elements, with the
                     support of donors and the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), taking into
                     account the need to recruit women at all levels, and in full compliance with the
                     United Nations HRDDP;
                     (v) To coordinate the provision of technical assistance and training between
                     the international partners in the CAR, in particular with EUTM-RCA, in order
                     to ensure a clear distribution of tasks in the field of SSR, for the benefit of both
                     the FACA and the CAR ISF;

           (c)   Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration (DDR) and Repatriation (DDRR)
                     (i) To support the CAR Authorities in developing and implementing an
                     inclusive and progressive programme for the disarmament, demobilization and
                     reintegration (DDR) and, in case of foreign elements, Repatriation (DDRR), of
                     members of armed groups, based on the Principles of DDRR and Integration
                     into the Uniformed Corps, signed at the Bangui Forum on 10 May 2015, while
                     paying specific attention to the needs of children associated with armed forces
                     and groups and the need to prevent rerecruitment, including through the
                     implementation of the DDRR pilot project and the implementation of other
                     DDRR projects, including gender-sensitive programmes, with the aim to disarm,
                     demobilize and reintegrate as well as, in coordination with EUTM-RCA, the
                     UNCT and other relevant partners, to integrate eligible and vetted armed groups


18-21831                                                                                                          13/20

S/RES/2448 (2018)

                    elements in security forces, as an incentive to armed groups to remain engaged
                    in the political process and in preparation for the national DDR programme;
                    (ii) To support the CAR Authorities and relevant civil society organizations in
                    developing and implementing CVR programmes, including gender-sensitive
                    programmes, for members of armed groups including those non-eligible for
                    participation in the national DDRR programme, in cooperation with
                    development partners and together with communities of return in line with the
                    priorities highlighted in the RCPCA;
                    (iii) To provide technical assistance to the CAR Authorities in developing and
                    implementing a national plan for the integration of eligible demobilized
                    members of armed groups into the security and defence forces, in line with the
                    broader SSR agenda and the need to put in place professional, ethnically
                    representative and regionally balanced national security and defence;

         (d)   Promotion and protection of human rights
                    (i) To monitor, help investigate, and timely report to the Security Council and
                    publicly on violations of international humanitarian law and on violations and
                    abuses of human rights committed throughout the CAR;
                    (ii) To monitor, help investigate and ensure reporting on violations and abuses
                    committed against children and women, including rape and other forms of
                    sexual violence in armed conflict, in connection with the UMIRR;
                    (iii) To assist the CAR Authorities in their efforts to protect and promote human
                    rights and prevent violations and abuses and to strengthen the capacity of civil
                    society organizations;

         (e)   Support for national and international justice, the fight against impunity, and
               the rule of law
                    (i) To help reinforce the independence of the judiciary, build the capacities,
                    and enhance the effectiveness of the national judicial system as well as the
                    effectiveness and the accountability of the penitentiary system;
                    (ii) To help build the capacities of the national human rights institution
                    coordinating with the Independent Expert on human rights as appropriate;
                    Urgent temporary measures:
                    (iii) To urgently and actively adopt, within the limits of its capacities and areas
                    of deployment, at the formal request of the CAR Authorities and in areas where
                    national security forces are not present or operational, urgent temporary
                    measures on an exceptional basis and without creating a precedent and without
                    prejudice to the agreed principles of peacekeeping operations, which are limited
                    in scope, time-bound and consistent with the objectives set out in paragraphs 39
                    and 40 (e), to arrest and detain in order to maintain basic law and order and fight
                    impunity;
                    (iv) To pay particular attention, in implementing the urgent temporary
                    measures in the conditions stated above, to those engaging in or providing
                    support for acts that undermine the peace, stability or security of the CAR,
                    including acts that threaten or impede the political process, or the stabilization
                    and reconciliation process, or that fuel violence;
                    Special Criminal Court (SCC):
                    (v) To provide technical assistance to the CAR Authorities to identify,
                    investigate and prosecute those responsible for crimes involving violations of

14/20                                                                                                     18-21831

                                                                                                 S/RES/2448 (2018)

                international humanitarian law and of violations and abuses of human rights
                committed throughout the CAR so that they can be brought to justice, and to
                help prevent such violations and abuses;
                (vi) To provide support and to coordinate international assistance to the justice
                and correctional institutions to reinstate the criminal justice system, within the
                framework of the United Nations global focal point on rule of law, in a manner
                that emphasizes civilian oversight, impartiality and the protection of human
                rights;
                (vii) To provide technical assistance to the CAR Authorities in partnership with
                other international partners, to support the operationalization of the SCC
                consistent with CAR laws and jurisdiction and in line with the CAR’s
                international humanitarian law and international human rights law obligations,
                with the aim of supporting the extension of State authority;
                (viii) To provide technical assistance, in partnership with other international
                partners, and capacity building for the CAR Authorities, in order to facilitate the
                functioning of the SCC, in particular in the areas of investigations, arrests,
                detention, criminal and forensic analysis, evidence collection and storage,
                recruitment and selection of personnel, court management, prosecution strategy
                and case development and the establishment of a legal aid system, as
                appropriate, as well as, to provide security for magistrates, including at the
                premises and proceedings of the SCC, and take measures for the protection of
                victims and witnesses, in line with the CAR’s international human rights
                obligations, including with respect to fair trials, and due process;
                (ix) To assist in the coordination and mobilization of bilateral and multilateral
                support to the operationalization and functioning of the SCC;
                Rule of law:
                (x) To provide support and to coordinate international assistance to build the
                capacities, and enhance the effectiveness of the criminal justice system as well
                as the effectiveness and the accountability of police and penitentiary system
                with the support of the UNCT;
                (xi) Without prejudice to the primary responsibility of the CAR Authorities, to
                support the restoration and maintenance of public safety and the rule of law,
                including through apprehending and handing over to the CAR Authorities,
                consistent with international law, those in the country responsible for crimes
                involving serious human rights violations and abuses and serious violations of
                international humanitarian law, including sexual violence in conflict, so that
                they can be brought to justice, and through cooperation with States of the region
                as well as the ICC in cases of crimes falling within its jurisdiction following the
                decision made by the Prosecutor of the ICC on 24 September 2014 to open,
                following the request of national Authorities, an investigation into alleged
                crimes committed since 2012;
                41.   Further authorises MINUSCA to carry out the following additional tasks:
                (a)   To coordinate international assistance as appropriate;
                (b) To assist the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 57 of resolution
           2127 (2013) and the Panel of Experts established by the same resolution, including
           by passing information relevant to the implementation of the mandate of the
           Committee and Panel of Experts;
                (c) To monitor the implementation of the measures renewed and modified by
           paragraph 1 of resolution 2399 (2018), in cooperation with the Panel of Experts

18-21831                                                                                                    15/20

S/RES/2448 (2018)

               established pursuant to resolution 2127 (2013), including by inspecting, as it deems
               necessary and when appropriate without notice, all arms and related materiel
               regardless of location, and advise the Authorities on efforts to keep armed groups
               from exploiting natural resources;
                     (d) To support the Panel of Experts established pursuant to resolution 2127
               (2013) in collecting information about acts of incitement to violence, in particular on
               an ethnic or religious basis, that undermine the peace, stability or security of the CAR
               in accordance with paragraph 32 (g) of resolution 2399 (2018);
                     (e) To ensure, with all relevant United Nations bodies, unhindered access and
               safety for the Panel of Experts established pursuant to resolution 2127 (2013), in
               particular to persons, documents and sites within their control in order for the Panel
               to execute its mandate;
                     (f) As appropriate, and taking into account the comparative advantage of
               other relevant partners, to contribute to support the CAR Authorities to develop and
               finalize a nationally owned strategy to tackle the illicit exploitation and trafficking
               networks of natural resources, which continue to fund and supply armed groups in the
               CAR, taking into account, where appropriate, the reports of the Panel of Experts
               established pursuant to resolution 2127 (2013) and the decisions of the Kimberley
               Process (KP), with the aim of extending the State authority over the entire territory
               and its resources;
                     (g) To provide transport for relevant State authorities in carrying out
               inspections and monitoring visits in key mining areas and sites as appropriate and on
               a case by case basis and when the situation allows, as a means to promote and support
               the rapid extension of the State authority over the entire territory;

               Mission effectiveness
                     42. Requests the Secretary-General to deploy and allocate personnel and
               expertise within MINUSCA to reflect the priorities identified by paragraph 39 to
               paragraph 41 of this resolution, and to continuously adjust this deployment according
               to the progresses made in the implementation of this mandate;
                     43. Encourages MINUSCA to develop measurable targets by which to assess
               progress against the pursuit of the strategic objective defined in paragraph 36 of this
               resolution;
                     44. Reiterates the importance of current and future T/PCCs providing troops
               and police with adequate capabilities, equipment and predeployment training in order
               to enhance the capacity of MINUSCA to operate effectively and requests the
               Secretary-General to accelerate the recruitment of qualified staff, who have the
               competencies, education, work experience and language skills to adequately and
               effectively implement the tasks enumerated in paragraphs 39 to 41 above;
                     45. Requests the Secretary-General to take all possible steps, including
               through the full use of existing authorities and at his discretion, to maximize
               MINUSCA’s operational capacity and ability to discharge its mandate, with a specific
               focus on priority areas, over the entire territory of the CAR, including by using new
               rapidly deployable units, implementing a comprehensive performance management
               mechanism for contingents leadership, adjusting the number of bases and camps, and
               enhancing MINUSCA’s personnel, mobility assets and capabilities for gathering
               timely, reliable and actionable information on threats to civilians and the analytical
               tools to use it, while continuing to strengthen the performance of the Mission and
               recalls in this regard its resolution 2436 (2018);



16/20                                                                                                     18-21831

                                                                                                  S/RES/2448 (2018)

                46. Commends the commitment of the T/PCCs in implementing the mission’s
           mandate in a challenging environment, and in this connection, highlights that
           undeclared national caveats, lack of effective command and control, refusal to obey
           orders, failure to respond to attacks on civilians, and inadequate equipment may
           adversely affect the shared responsibility for effective mandate implementation and
           should not be accepted by the Secretary-General;
                47. Notes the progress of all T/PCCs to meet UN standards and calls on them
           to immediately finalize the procurement and deployment of all required contingentowned equipment, in order to comply with United Nations standards for troops and
           police;
              48. Takes note of the independent investigation by Brigadier General
           Amoussou to improve MINUSCA’s response to protect civilians and encourages
           MINUSCA to continue implementing its recommendations;
                 49. Requests the Secretary-General to implement a zero-tolerance policy on
           serious misconduct, sexual exploitation and abuse, sexual harassment, fraud,
           corruption, trafficking in natural resources or wildlife, including by making full use
           of the existing authority of the SRSG to ensure accountability of the Mission’s staff
           and through effective mission support arrangement;
                 50. Recalls its Presidential Statement S/PRST/2015/22 and its resolution 2272
           (2016) and requests the Secretary-General to take all necessary measures to ensure
           full compliance of MINUSCA with the United Nations zero tolerance policy on sexual
           exploitation and abuse and to ensure that all personnel of the mission are vetted for
           history of sexual misconduct in the service with the United Nations and to keep the
           Council informed through his reports to the Council about the Mission’s progress in
           this regard, including by reporting on the start, agreed deadlines and outcomes of
           2272 reviews, and urges TCC/PCCs to take appropriate preventative action including
           predeployment awareness training, and to ensure full accountability in cases of such
           conduct involving their personnel;
                51. Calls on the Secretariat to continue to explore, on the basis of need, the
           use of specialized police teams together with required specialized equipment, for
           police and gendarmerie capacity building and development and operational support;
                52. Requests MINUSCA to ensure that any support provided to non-United
           Nations security forces is provided in strict compliance with the HRDDP, and requests
           the Secretary-General to include information on any such support in his reports to the
           Council;
                 53. Emphasizes the need for MINUSCA and EUTM-RCA, while carrying out
           their mandate, to act in full respect of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and unity
           of the CAR and in full compliance with applicable international humanitarian law,
           human rights law and refugee law and recalls the importance of training in this regard;

           Environmental issues and natural resources
                 54. Requests MINUSCA to consider the environmental impacts of its
           operations when fulfilling its mandated tasks and, in this context, to manage them as
           appropriate and in accordance with applicable and relevant General Assembly
           resolutions and United Nations rules and regulations;
                55. Calls on the CAR, its neighbouring States and other member States of the
           ICGLR to cooperate at the regional level to investigate and combat regional criminal
           networks and armed groups involved in the illegal exploitation and smuggling of
           natural resources including gold, diamonds and wildlife poaching and trafficking;



18-21831                                                                                                     17/20

S/RES/2448 (2018)

               Child protection
                     56. Requests MINUSCA to take fully into account child protection as a crosscutting issue throughout its mandate and to assist the CAR Authorities in ensuring
               that the protection of children’s rights is taken into account, inter alia, in DDR and
               DDR/R processes and in SSR in order to end and prevent violations and abuses
               against children;

               Gender
                     57. Requests MINUSCA to take fully into account gender mainstreaming as a
               cross-cutting issue throughout its mandate and to assist the CAR Authorities in
               ensuring the full and effective participation, involvement and representation of
               women in all spheres and at all levels, including in stabilization activities, transitional
               justice, the work of the SCC and of the Truth, Justice, Reparations and Reconciliation
               Commission, SSR, DDR and DDR/R processes, the preparation of the 2020/2021
               elections, as well as in the national political dialogue process, through, inter alia, the
               provision of gender advisers, further requests enhanced reporting by MINUSCA to
               the Council on this issue, and encourages the UN Secretariat, in collaboration with
               Member States, to engage greater numbers of women in the military, police and
               civilian components of the mission with full respect for the principle of equitable
               geographical distribution, in conformity with article 101, paragraph 3, of the United
               Nations Charter;

               Weapon and ammunition management
                     58. Requests MINUSCA to actively seize, confiscate and destroy, as
               appropriate, weapons and ammunitions of armed groups, including all militias and
               other non-state armed groups, who refuse or fail to lay down their arms, and when
               they present an imminent threat to civilians or the stability of the state;
                     59. Requests MINUSCA to seize and collect arms and any related materiel the
               transfer of which to the CAR violates the measures imposed by paragraph 1 of
               resolution 2399 (2018) and to record and dispose of such arms and related materiel
               as appropriate;
                     60. Requests MINUSCA to provide technical assistance to the CAR
               Authorities in the operationalization of the national commission for Small Arms and
               Light Weapons to address civilian disarmament and the fight against the illicit
               proliferation of small arms and light weapons;
                    61. Requests MINUSCA to destroy, as appropriate, the weapons and
               ammunitions of disarmed combatants in keeping with its effort to seize and collect
               arms and related materiel the supply, sale or transfer of which violate the measures
               imposed by paragraph 1 of resolution 2399 (2018);
                     62. Calls upon the CAR Authorities and international partners and relevant
               United Nations entities, in coordination with MINUSCA, including UNMAS, to
               address the illicit transfer, destabilizing accumulation, and misuse of small arms and
               light weapons in the CAR, and to ensure the safe and effective management, storage
               and security of stockpiles of small arms and light weapons, and the collection and/or
               destruction of surplus, seized, unmarked, or illicitly held weapons and ammunition,
               and further stresses the importance of incorporating such elements into SSR and
               DDR/R programmes;
                   63. Encourages the CAR Authorities to implement the Central African
               Convention for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition,



18/20                                                                                                        18-21831

                                                                                                 S/RES/2448 (2018)

           Parts and Components that can be used for their Manufacture, Repair or Assembly
           signed at Kinshasa on April 30 2010;

           MINUSCA Freedom of movement
                 64. Urges all parties in the CAR to cooperate fully with the deployment and
           activities of MINUSCA, in particular by ensuring its safety, security and freedom of
           movement with unhindered and immediate access throughout the territory of the CAR
           to enable MINUSCA to carry out fully its mandate in a complex environment
           including by helping to ensure the full and effective implementation of, and
           compliance with, the host country agreement (SOFA) by the CAR Authorities;
                 65. Calls upon Member States, especially those in the region, to ensure the
           free, unhindered and expeditious movement to and from the CAR of all personnel, as
           well as equipment, provisions, supplies and other goods, including vehicles and spare
           parts, which are for the exclusive and official use of MINUSCA;

           Humanitarian access
                 66. Demands that all parties allow and facilitate the full, safe, immediate and
           unhindered access for the timely delivery of humanitarian assistance to populations
           in need, in particular to internally displaced persons, throughout the territory of the
           CAR, in accordance with the United Nations guiding principles of humanitarian
           assistance and relevant provisions of international law;
                 67. Further demands that all parties ensure respect and protection of all
           medical personnel and humanitarian personnel exclusively engaged in medical duties,
           their means of transport and equipment, as well as hospitals and other medical
           facilities;

           Humanitarian appeal
                 68. Calls on Member States and international and regional organizations to
           respond swiftly to the revised humanitarian appeal through increased contributions
           and to ensure that all pledges are honoured in full and in a timely manner;

           Support to MINUSCA
                 69. Authorises French armed forces, within the provisions of their existing
           bilateral agreement with the CAR and the limits of their capacities and areas of
           deployment, at the request of the Secretary-General, to use all the means to provide
           operational support to elements of MINUSCA when under serious threat, from the
           date of adoption of this resolution, and requests France to ensure reporting to the
           Council on the implementation of this mandate and to coordinate its reporting with
           that of the Secretary-General referred to in paragraph 71 of this resolution;

           Review and Reporting
                 70. Requests the Secretary-General to review on a regular basis the conditions
           required for the transition, drawdown and withdrawal of the United Nations operation,
           in a manner which does not prejudice overall efforts to support long term objectives
           for peace and stability, and looks forward to receiving this information as part of his
           regular reporting to the Security Council;
                 71. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the Council regularly informed of
           the situation in the CAR and the implementation of the mandate of MINUSCA, to
           report to the Council, on 15 February 2019, and then every four months from that
           date, and to include in his reports to the Council updates on and recommendations
           related to the dynamic implementation of MINUSCA’s mandated tasks, including by

18-21831                                                                                                    19/20

S/RES/2448 (2018)

               providing appropriate financial information, information on the security situation, the
               priority political elements as defined above on political progress, progress on
               mechanisms and capacity to advance governance and fiscal management, relevant
               information on the progress, promotion and protection of human rights and
               international humanitarian law, a review of the troop and police levels, force and
               police generation and deployment of all MINUSCA’s constituent elements,
               information on the progress in the implementation of the measures taken to improve
               MINUSCA’s performance, including measures to ensure force effectiveness as
               outlined in paragraphs 42 and 44 to 51;
                    72.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.




20/20                                                                                                    18-21831