Security Council resolution 2514 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) until 15 Mar. 2021]
Symbol: S/RES/2514 (2020)
Date: 2020-03-12
Status: adopted
Agenda: S/75 [216] UN MISSION IN SOUTH SUDAN
S/75 [223] SOUTH SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.
Subjects: UN Mission in South Sudan|Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (2018)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|INTERNAL SECURITY|SOUTH SUDAN
Votes in favour: 15
Votes against: 0
Abstentions: 0
Voting record:
country: BELGIUM
vote: yes
country: CHINA
vote: yes
country: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
vote: yes
country: ESTONIA
vote: yes
country: FRANCE
vote: yes
country: GERMANY
vote: yes
country: INDONESIA
vote: yes
country: NIGER
vote: yes
country: RUSSIAN FEDERATION
vote: yes
country: SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
vote: yes
country: SOUTH AFRICA
vote: yes
country: TUNISIA
vote: yes
country: UNITED KINGDOM
vote: yes
country: UNITED STATES
vote: yes
country: VIET NAM
vote: yes

               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2514 (2020)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                12 March 2020




               Resolution 2514 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8744th meeting, on
               12 March 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions, statements of its President and press
               statements concerning the situation in South Sudan,
                      Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence,
               territorial integrity, and national unity of the Republic of South Sudan, and recalling
               the importance of the principles of non-interference, good-neighbourliness, and
               regional cooperation,
                    Reiterating its grave alarm and concern regarding the political, security,
               economic, and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan, and subsequent violence caused
               by the country’s political and military leaders since December 2013, and
               emphasizing there can be no military solution to the situation in South Sudan,
                     Strongly condemning all fighting and other violations of the 21 December
               2017 “Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities, Protection of Civilians, and
               Humanitarian Access” (the ACOH), welcoming the rapid assessment of violations
               by the Ceasefire and Transitional Security Arrangements Monitoring and
               Verification Mechanism (CTSAMVM), encouraging the Intergovernmental
               Authority on Development (IGAD) to share reports with the Security Council
               rapidly, and noting that the African Union, IGAD, and the United Nations Security
               Council demanded that parties that violate the ACOH must be held accountable,
                     Expressing appreciation for the leadership of IGAD in advancing the peace
               process for South Sudan and welcoming the commitment and efforts of IGAD and
               its member states, the Reconstituted Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission
               (RJMEC), the African Union (AU), the African Union Peace and Security Council
               (AUPSC), the United Nations (UN), and countries in the region to continue
               engaging with South Sudanese leaders to address the current crisis, an d encouraging
               their continued and proactive engagement,
                     Underlining that the 2018 “Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of the
               Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan” (the Revitalised Agreement) is an
               important step forward in the peace process that provides a window of opportunity
               to achieve sustainable peace and stability in South Sudan, calling on South
               Sudanese parties to demonstrate the political will to peacefull y resolve the conflict,
               stressing that the negotiation of power-sharing and security arrangements and the




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               safe return of all South Sudanese parties to Juba are essential to advance the peace
               process, and calling on parties to ensure full, effective, and meaningful participation
               of women in the peace process, to recognize the need to protect women ’s rights
               organizations and women peacebuilders from threats and reprisals, and fulfil the
               commitments set out on inclusivity, including in respect of national dive rsity,
               gender, youth and regional representation in the Revitalised Agreement,
                     Welcoming encouraging developments in South Sudan’s peace process,
               including the beginning of the formation of a Revitalized Transitional Government
               of National Unity, recognizing that this represents a significant step towards
               sustainable peace by the parties to the Revitalized Agreement, and further
               welcoming the spirit of compromise and political will demonstrated by the parties in
               order to create the conditions necessary to advance the peace process,
                     Recognizing the reduction in political violence since the signing of the
               Revitalised Agreement and that the permanent ceasefire was upheld in most parts of
               the country, and further recognizing confidence building measures between
               signatories of the Revitalised Agreement, and the formation of most of the pre
               transitional mechanisms of the Revitalised Agreement,
                     Welcoming the ongoing mediation by the Community of Sant’Egidio to foster
               political dialogue between signatories and non-signatories of the Revitalised
               Agreement and encouraging all parties to continue their efforts to peacefully resolve
               disputes in order to achieve an inclusive and sustainable peace,
                    Recalling its resolution 2117 (2013) and expressing grave concern at the threat
               to peace and security in South Sudan arising from the illicit transfer, destabilizing
               accumulation and misuse of small arms and light weapons,
                    Noting the measures adopted by the Security Council in resolution 2428
               (2018) and renewed in 2471 (2019),
                     Recalling that individuals or entities responsible for or complicit in, or having
               engaged in, directly or indirectly, actions or policies that threaten the peace, security
               or stability of South Sudan, may be designated for targeted sanctions pursuant to
               resolution 2206 (2015), 2271 (2016), 2280 (2016), 2290 (2016), 2353 (2017), 2428
               (2018), and 2471 (2019), including individuals who plan, direct, or commit acts that
               violate applicable international human rights law or international humanitarian law,
               acts that constitute human rights abuses or acts involving sexual and gender -based
               violence (SGBV) in South Sudan, and who engage in attacks against United Nations
               missions, international security presences, or other peacekeeping operations, or
               humanitarian personnel and further recalling its willingness to impose targeted
               sanctions,
                    Stressing the critical importance of effective implementation of the sanctions
               regime, including its travel ban measures, and the key role that neighbouring states,
               as well as regional and subregional organizations, can play in this regard,
               encouraging efforts to further enhance cooperation, and reaffirming that it shall be
               prepared to adjust measures set forth in resolution 2428 (2018) and renewed in 2471
               (2019) in light of progress achieved in the peace, accountability, and reconciliation
               process,
                    Commending the work of the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South
               Sudan (UNMISS), stressing the importance of effective engagement and liaison
               with local communities, as well as humanitarian actors, including through regular
               communication about the UNMISS mandate, including its planned actions and
               capacities, security threats and related information, both within and outside the
               protection of civilians sites, and encouraging UNMISS to improve community


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           engagement, including during patrols, in order to fulfil UNMISS’s protection of
           civilians mandate,
                 Recognizing that unarmed civilian protection can often complement efforts to
           build a protective environment, particularly in the deterrence of sexual and gender -
           based violence against civilians, and encouraging UNMISS, as appropriate and
           when possible, to explore how it can use civilian protection techniques, including
           through community engagement, and the mission communication strategy, to
           enhance its ability to protect civilians, and to train UN MISS staff accordingly,
                 Recognizing the dire humanitarian situation and high levels of food insecurity
           in the country, condemning attacks on the means of livelihood and denial of access
           to food, and noting the importance of UNMISS’s contribution to creating conditions
           conducive to the delivery of humanitarian assistance, and to realizing through
           coordination with humanitarian and development actors, displaced communities,
           and authorities the conditions for the safe, informed, voluntary and dignified return,
           relocation, resettlement or integration into host communities for internally displaced
           persons (IDPs) and refugees,
                 Strongly condemning the continued obstruction of UNMISS by the
           Government of South Sudan (GoSS) and opposition groups, including s evere
           restrictions on freedom of movement, assault of UNMISS personnel, and constraints
           on mission operations, including restrictions on patrols and UNMISS efforts to,
           inter alia, monitor human rights conditions, many of which were reported by the
           Secretary-General as violations of the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) by the
           GoSS, and recalling that, according to the SOFA, UNMISS, as well as its
           contractors, shall enjoy full and unrestricted freedom of movement without delay
           throughout South Sudan by the most direct route possible without the need for
           travel permits or prior authorization or notification, and the right to import
           equipment, provisions, supplies, fuel, materials, and other goods free of duty, taxes,
           fees and charges and free of other prohibitions and restrictions,
                 Demanding that all relevant actors, particularly the GoSS, and including the
           South Sudan People’s Defense Forces (SSPDF), the South Sudan National Police
           Service (SSNPS), the National Security Service (NSS), the SPLA -IO, and the
           National Salvation Front (NAS), end all obstructions to UNMISS, including, inter
           alia, obstructions that hamper UNMISS carrying out its mandate to monitor and
           investigate human rights,
                 Recalling its strong condemnation of all instances of attacks against ci vilians,
           including those involving violence against women, children, and persons in
           vulnerable situations, ethnically targeted violence, hate speech, and incitements to
           violence, and further expressing deep concern at the possibility that what began as a
           political conflict could continue to transform into an outright ethnic war, as noted by
           the Special Advisor for the Prevention of Genocide Adama Dieng,
                Expressing grave concern at ongoing reports of sexual and gender -based
           violence, including the findings of the report of the Secretary-General on Sexual
           Violence in Conflict to the Security Council (S/2019/280) of the use of sexual
           violence as a tactic by parties to the conflict against the civilian populatio n in South
           Sudan, including use of rape and gang-rape of women and girls, and abduction,
           forced marriage and sexual slavery, and where persistent levels of conflict -related
           sexual violence and other forms of violence against women and girls has become
           normalized and continued after the signing of the Revitalised Agreement and despite
           the suspension of most military offensives, as documented in the February 2019
           UNMISS and Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
           (OHCHR) report on “Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Northern Unity” between
           September and December 2018, underlining the urgency and importance of timely

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               investigations and the provision of assistance and protection to victims of sexual
               and gender-based violence,
                     Strongly condemning all human rights violations and abuses and violations of
               international humanitarian law by all parties, including armed groups and national
               security forces, as well as the incitement to commit such abuses and violations,
               further condemning harassment, targeting, and censorship of civil society,
               humanitarian personnel and journalists, emphasizing that those responsible for
               violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human
               rights must be held accountable, and that South Sudan’s government bears the
               primary responsibility to protect its populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic
               cleansing, and crimes against humanity, and expressing concern that despite the
               signing of the Revitalised Agreement, violations including rape and sexual violence
               continue to occur which may amount to international crimes, including war crimes
               and crimes against humanity,
                     Reiterating the urgent need to end impunity in South Sudan and to bring to
               justice all those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law and
               violations and abuses of human rights, stressing the importance of transitional
               justice measures, including those in the Revitalised Agreement, to end impunity,
               facilitate national reconciliation and healing, and ensure a sustainable peace, as
               recognized by Chapter V in the Revitalised Agreement, and in this regard,
               supporting the African Union’s efforts to establish the Hybrid Court for South
               Sudan, and sharing the concern of the AUPSC about delays and lack of cooperatio n
               from the government of South Sudan, as stated by the AU Chairperson in February
               2020 during the Opening Session of the AU’s Executive Council,
                     Expressing grave concern regarding the reports on the human rights situation
               in South Sudan issued by UNMISS and the Secretary-General, further expressing
               grave concern that according to the AU Commission of Inquiry report on South
               Sudan, released on 27 October 2015, and the reports of the Commission on Human
               Rights in South Sudan, released on 23 February 2018, 20 February 2019, and 20
               February 2020 war crimes and crimes against humanity may have been committed,
               emphasizing its hope that these and other credible reports will be duly considered by
               any transitional justice mechanisms for South Sudan including those established
               pursuant to the Revitalised Agreement, stressing the importance of collection and
               preservation of evidence for eventual use by the Hybrid Court for South Sudan and
               other accountability mechanisms, and encouraging efforts in this regard,
                     Acknowledging the significance of the GoSS’s ratification of the Optional
               Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of
               Children in Armed Conflict, strongly calling for its full and immediate
               implementation, welcoming the signature of the Comprehensive Action Plan to End
               and Prevent all Grave Violations Against Children by the GoSS on February 7,
               taking note of the role played by the GoSS in negotiating the release of children by
               parties to conflict, however noting that some 19,000 children were thought to still
               be in the ranks of the SSPDF and armed opposition groups as of July 2019
               according to the February 2020 Report of the Commission on Human Rights, urging
               all parties to make further efforts to end immediately the recruitment o f children and
               to release all children that have been recruited to date, and encouraging further
               efforts in this regard, in particular through the GoSS ’s endorsement of the Paris
               principles,
                    Taking note of the joint UNMISS and OHCHR “Report on the Freedom of
               Opinion and Expression in South Sudan Since the July 2016 Crisis ” issued in
               February 2018, expressing ongoing concern on the severe restriction of freedoms of
               opinion, expression, and association, condemning the use of media to broadcast hate


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           speech and transmit messages instigating violence against a particular ethnic group,
           a practice that has the potential to lead to widespread violence and exacerbate armed
           conflict, and calling on the GoSS to immediately condemn and counter increasing
           hate speech and ethnic violence and to promote reconciliation among its people,
                 Expressing serious concern about the dire situation of persons with disabilities
           in South Sudan, including abandonment, violence and lack of access to basic
           services, and emphasizing the need to ensure that the particular needs of persons
           with disabilities are addressed in the humanitarian response,
                 Recognizing the adverse effects of extreme weather events on the humanitarian
           situation and stability in South Sudan, and emphasizing the need for adequate risk
           assessments and risk management strategies by the GoSS and the UN relating to
           these events,
                 Expressing serious and urgent concern over the nearly 3.9 million displaced
           persons and ongoing humanitarian crisis, and an estimated 5.29 million that face
           severe food insecurity according to the February 2020 Integrated Food Security
           Phase Classification report, and 7.2 million in need of life -saving assistance,
           commending United Nations humanitarian agencies, partners, and donors for t heir
           efforts to provide urgent and coordinated support to the population, and calling
           upon the international community to continue these efforts to meet the humanitarian
           needs of the people of South Sudan,
                 Condemning the obstructions by all parties to civilians’ movement and to
           humanitarian actors’ movement to reach civilians in need of assistance, expressing
           concern at the imposition of taxes and fees which hamper the delivery of
           humanitarian assistance across the country, noting with concern reports that forced
           displacement and denial of humanitarian access is exacerbating food insecurity for
           the civilian population, and recalling the need for all parties to the conflict to allow
           and facilitate, in accordance with relevant provisions of international law and
           United Nations guiding principles of humanitarian assistance, including humanity,
           impartiality, neutrality, and independence, the full, safe and unhindered access of
           relief personnel, equipment and supplies and timely delivery of humanitarian
           assistance, to all those in need, in particular to IDPs and refugees,
                 Strongly condemning all attacks against humanitarian personnel and facilities
           that resulted in the deaths of at least 116 personnel since December 2013, including
           the attack on the Terrain compound on 11 July 2016 and attacks against medical
           personnel and hospitals, noting with alarm the increasing trend of harassment and
           intimidation of humanitarian personnel, and recalling that attacks against
           humanitarian personnel and objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian
           population may amount to violations of international humanitarian law,
                 Expressing its deep appreciation for the actions taken by UNMISS
           peacekeepers and Troop- and Police-Contributing Countries in implementing the
           UNMISS mandate in a challenging environment, including in protecting civilians,
           including foreign nationals, under threat of physical violence and to stabilize the
           security situation within and beyond UNMISS sites, stressing that any national
           caveat that negatively affects the implementation of mandate effectiveness should
           not be accepted by the Secretary-General, and highlighting that lack of effective
           command and control, refusal to obey orders, failure to respond to attacks on
           civilians, declining to participate in or undertake long-range patrols in rural parts of
           the country, inadequate equipment, and financial resources may adversely affect the
           shared responsibility for effective mandate implementation,
                 Welcoming the commitment of the Secretary-General to enforce strictly his
           zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse, noting the various measures

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               taken by UNMISS and troop- and police-contributing countries to combat sexual
               exploitation and abuse, but still expressing grave concern over allegations of sexual
               exploitation and abuse reportedly committed by peacekeepers in South Sudan,
               stressing the urgent need for troop- and police-contributing countries and, as
               appropriate, UNMISS, to promptly investigate those allegations in a credible and
               transparent manner and for those responsible for such criminal offences or
               misconduct to be held to account, and further stressing the need to prevent such
               exploitation and abuse and to improve how these allegations are addressed in line
               with resolution 2272 (2016),
                     Recognizing the significant resource and capacity challenges UNMISS faces in
               implementing its mandate, expressing appreciation for UNMISS’s ongoing efforts to
               ensure the safety of IDPs seeking protection on its sites, while recognizing the
               importance of finding sustainable solutions for IDPs in keeping with the Guiding
               Principles on Internal Displacement, and underlining in this regard the need to
               extend its presence, including through proactive deplo yment and patrolling, to areas
               of displacement, and areas of potential and actual return, and emphasizing the
               importance of flexibility in UNMISS’s posture within and outside POC sites and
               that decisions on posture and deployment remain linked to threat an alysis,
                     Emphasizing that persistent barriers to full implementation of resolution 1325
               (2000), and subsequent resolutions on women, peace, and security including 2242
               (2015), will only be dismantled through dedicated commitment to women ’s
               empowerment, participation, and human rights, concerted leadership, consistent
               information and action, and support, to build women’s engagement in all levels of
               decision-making,
                      Strongly condemning the attacks by government and opposition forces and
               other groups on United Nations and IGAD personnel and facilities, including the
               December 2012 downing of a United Nations helicopter by the Sudan People ’s
               Liberation Army (SPLA), the April 2013 attack on a United Nations convoy, the
               December 2013 attack on the UNMISS camp in Akobo, the August 2014 shooting
               down of a United Nations helicopter by unidentified armed groups, the August 2014
               arrest and detention of an IGAD monitoring and verification team, the October 2015
               seizure and detention of UNMISS personnel and equipment in Upper Nile State by
               opposition forces, the February 2016 attack on the Malakal protection of civilians
               site, the July 2016 attack on the Juba protection of civilians site, and the Ter rain
               Compound attack, the detention and kidnappings of United Nations and associated
               personnel, the repeated attacks on the UNMISS camps in Bor, Bentiu, Malakal and
               Melut, and the disappearance purportedly caused by SPLA forces, and deaths of
               three United Nations-affiliated national staff and one national contractor in Upper
               Nile State, and the December 2018 detention and abuse of the CTSAMVM team by
               GoSS officials, and calling upon the GoSS to complete its investigations of these
               attacks in a swift and thorough manner and to hold those responsible to account,
                     Determining that the situation in South Sudan continues to constitute a threat
               to international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                    1.    Demands that all parties to the conflict immediately end the fighting
               throughout South Sudan and engage in political dialogue, and further demands that
               South Sudan’s leaders implement the permanent ceasefire declared in the
               Revitalised Agreement and ceasefires for which they respectively called on 11 July
               2016 and 22 May 2017, as well as the ACOH signed on 21 December 2017, and
               ensure that subsequent decrees and orders directing their commanders control their
               forces and protect civilians and their property are fully implemented;


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                 2.    Demands that the GoSS comply with the obligations set out in the SOFA
           between the Government of South Sudan and the United Nations, and immediately
           cease obstructing UNMISS in the performance of its mandate, further demands the
           GoSS immediately cease obstructing international and national humanitarian actors
           from assisting civilians, and facilitate freedom of movement for the CTSAMVM,
           calls on the GoSS to take action, to deter, and to hold those responsible to account
           for any hostile or other actions that impede UNMISS or international and national
           humanitarian actors, reminds the GoSS that, pursuant to the SOFA, UNMISS does
           not require prior authorization or permission to undertake its mandated tasks, and
           urges the GoSS to build an environment of mutual cooperation for UNMISS and its
           partners to conduct their work;
                3.    Expresses its intention to consider all appropriate measures, as
           demonstrated by adoption of resolutions 2206 (2015), 2290 (2016), 2353 (2017),
           2428 (2018), and 2471 (2019), against those who take actions that undermine the
           peace, stability, and security of South Sudan, stresses the sanctity of United Nations
           protection sites, specifically underscores that individuals or entities that are
           responsible or complicit in, or have engaged in, directly or indirectly, attacks
           against UNMISS personnel and premises and any humanitarian personnel, may meet
           the designation criteria, and in this regard takes note of the 20 February 2018
           Special Report of the Secretary-General on the renewal of the mandate of the United
           Nations Mission in South Sudan (S/2018/143) that the steady re-supply of weapons
           and ammunition to South Sudan has directly affected the safety of U N personnel
           and UNMISS’s ability to carry out its mandate, further takes note of the AUPSC’s 8
           February 2018 communique which states that signatories to the ACOH should be
           deprived of the means to continue fighting, and underscores the measures adopted
           by the Security Council in resolution 2428 (2018), including the arms embargo to
           deprive the parties of the means to continue fighting and to prevent violations of the
           ACOH;
                4.   Welcomes encouraging developments in South Sudan’s peace process,
           demonstrations of political will by the parties in order to create the conditions
           necessary to advance the peace process, and the reduction in political violence
           among the warring parties, and calls on parties to implement fully the Revitalised
           Agreement, and establish its institutions without delay;
                 5.     Condemns violations of the ACOH by all parties, including the
           continuing use of sexual and gender-based violence in attacks, and the assault of
           CTSAMVM monitors that undermines confidence building measures between the
           warring parties, underscores that lack of feasible security arrangements may delay
           the peace process, calls upon all parties to ensure full, effective, and meaningful
           participation of youth, women, diverse communities, faith groups, and civil society
           in all conflict resolution and peacebuilding efforts, and further calls upon UNMISS
           to assist all parties in these efforts;
                6.    Decides to extend the mandate of UNMISS until 15 March 2021;
                 7.    Decides to maintain the overall force levels of UNMISS with a troop
           ceiling of 17,000 personnel, which includes a Regional Protection Force, and a
           police ceiling of 2,101 personnel, including 88 corrections officers, and expresses
           its readiness to consider making the necessary adjustments to UNMISS to match
           security conditions on the ground;
              8.   Decides that the mandate of UNMISS shall be as follows, and authorizes
           UNMISS to use all necessary means to perform the following tasks:
                (a)   Protection of civilians:



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                    (i) To protect civilians under threat of physical violence, irrespective of the
                    source of such violence, within its capacity and areas of deployment, with
                    specific protection for women and children, including through the continued
                    use of the Mission’s Child Protection Advisers, Women Protection Advisers,
                    and uniformed and civilian Gender Advisers, the positions for which should be
                    filled expeditiously;
                    (ii) To deter violence against civilians, including foreign nationals,
                    especially through proactive deployment, active patrolling with particular
                    attention to IDPs, including, but not limited to, those in protection sites and
                    refugee camps, humanitarian personnel and human rights defenders, and
                    identification of threats and attacks against civilians, including through regular
                    interaction with civilians and working closely with humanitarian, human
                    rights, civil society, and development organizations, in areas at high risk of
                    conflict including, as appropriate, schools, places of worship, hospitals, oil
                    installations and areas of potential return, in particular when the GoSS is
                    unable or failing to provide such security;
                    (iii) To strengthen the implementation of a mission-wide early warning
                    strategy, including the establishment of an Information Acquisition Plan as
                    part of a coordinated approach to information gathering, incident tracking and
                    analysis, monitoring, verification, early warning and dissemination, and
                    response mechanisms, including response mechanisms to threats and attacks
                    against civilians that may involve violations and abuses of human rights or
                    violations of international humanitarian law, as well as to prepare for further
                    potential attacks on United Nations personnel and facilities;
                    (iv) To maintain public safety and security of and within UNMISS protection
                    of civilians sites;
                    (v) To deter and prevent sexual and gender-based violence within its
                    capacity and areas of deployment, as highlighted in paragraph 41 of the
                    Special Report of the Secretary-General of 10 November 2016 (S/2016/951);
                    (vi) To exercise good offices, confidence-building, and facilitation in support
                    of the mission’s protection strategy, especially in regard to women and
                    children, including to facilitate the prevention, mitigation, and resolution of
                    intercommunal conflict through, inter alia, mediation and community
                    engagement in order to foster sustainable local and national reconciliation as
                    an essential part of preventing violence and long-term state-building activity,
                    as well as to provide support, within existing resources, for the relevant
                    authorities and civil society organizations in developing and implementing
                    gender-sensitive community violence reduction (CVR) programs, in
                    cooperation and coordination with development partners and community
                    representatives, especially women and youth;
                    (vii) To foster a secure environment for the safe, informed, voluntary, and
                    dignified, return, relocation, resettlement or integration into host communities
                    for IDPs and refugees including through monitoring of, ensuring respect for
                    human rights by, where compatible and in strict compliance with the United
                    Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), coordination with
                    police services, security and government institutions, and civ il society actors
                    in relevant and protection-focused activities, such as sensitization to issues of
                    sexual and gender-based violence and children and armed conflict as well as
                    technical assistance or advice on international humanitarian law, investigation
                    and prosecution of sexual and gender-based violence and conflict-related
                    sexual violence, as well as other human rights violations and abuses, in order


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                to strengthen protection of civilians, combat impunity, and promote
                accountability;
                (viii) To support the facilitation of the safe, informed, voluntary, and dignified
                return, relocation, or integration of IDPs from United Nations protection of
                civilian sites, in coordination with humanitarian actors and other relevant
                stakeholders, and within existing resources;
                 (b) Creating the conditions conducive to the delivery of humanitarian
           assistance:
                (i) To contribute, in close coordination with humanitarian actors, to the
                creation of security conditions conducive to the delivery of humanitarian
                assistance, so as to allow, the rapid, safe and unhindered access of relief
                personnel to all those in need in South Sudan and timely delivery of
                humanitarian assistance, including IDPs and refugees, recalling the need for
                compliance with the relevant provisions of international law and respect for
                the UN guiding principles of humanitarian assistance, including humanity,
                impartiality, neutrality, and independence;
                (ii) To ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations and
                associated personnel where appropriate, and to ensure the security of its
                installations and equipment necessary for implementation of mandated tasks;
                (c) Supporting the Implementation of the Revitalised Agreement and the
           Peace Process:
                To carry out, within its capabilities, the following tasks in support of the
           implementation of the Revitalised Agreement and the peace process, and
           recognizing that the tasks outlined in paragraph 10 are essential to creating an
           enabling environment for implementation of the Revitalised Agreement and the
           peace process:
                (i) Using good offices to support the peace process and implementation of
                the Revitalised Agreement, including through advice or technical assistance;
                (ii) Participating in and supporting the CTSAMVM in implementation of its
                ceasefire monitoring and verification mandate, including through facilitating
                and supporting the CTSAMVM in its implementation of monitoring and
                reporting of violations and overall effectiveness in identifying those
                responsible for these violations;
                (iii) Actively participating in and supporting the work of the RJMEC, and
                other implementation mechanisms, including at the sub -national level;
                (d)   Monitoring and investigating human rights:
                (i) To monitor, investigate, verify, and report immediately, publicl y, and
                regularly on abuses and violations of human rights and violations of
                international humanitarian law, including those that may amount to war crimes
                or crimes against humanity;
                (ii) To monitor, investigate, verify and report specifically and publicl y on
                violations and abuses committed against children and women, including those
                involving all forms of sexual and gender-based violence in armed conflict, and
                accelerate implementation of monitoring, analysis and reporting arrangements
                on conflict-related sexual violence and by strengthening the monitoring and
                reporting mechanism for violations and abuses against children;




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                    (iii) To monitor, investigate and report on incidents of hate speech and
                    incitement to violence in cooperation with the UN Special Adv iser on the
                    Prevention of Genocide;
                    (iv) To coordinate with, share appropriate information with, and provide
                    technical support to international, regional, and national mechanisms engaged
                    in monitoring, investigating, and reporting on violations of interna tional
                    humanitarian law and human rights violations and abuses, including those that
                    may amount to war crimes or crimes against humanity, as appropriate;
                     9.    Stresses that the peace process only remains viable with the full
               commitment by all parties and inclusion of civil society, women, and youth, urges
               all the parties to participate in the peace process in good faith in order to reach the
               compromises necessary for the peace and stability of South Sudan, and notes its
               intention to keep the tasks and composition of UNMISS under active review based
               on progress with the peace process and implementation of the Revitalised
               Agreement;
                    10. Decides that, in line with resolution 2304 (2016), the mandate of
               UNMISS shall include the responsibility of providing a secure environment in and
               around Juba and in other parts of South Sudan as necessary, and authorizes
               UNMISS to use all necessary means, including undertaking robust action where
               necessary and actively patrolling to:
                    (i) Facilitate the conditions for safe and free movement into, out of, and
                    around Juba, including through protecting the means of ingress and egress
                    from the city and major lines of communication and transport within Juba;
                    (ii) Protect the airport to ensure the airport remains operational, and protect
                    key facilities in Juba essential to the well-being of the people of Juba, as
                    identified by the Special Representative of the Secretary -General;
                    (iii) Promptly and effectively engage any actor that is credibly found to be
                    preparing attacks, or engages in attacks, against United Nations protection of
                    civilians sites, other United Nations premises, United Nations personnel,
                    international and national humanitarian actors, or civilians;
                    11. Welcomes the efforts of IGAD, the AU, the AUPSC, and countries in the
               region to find durable solutions to peace and security challenges in South Sudan,
               encourages their continued firm engagement with South Sudan’s leaders to meet
               without delay all commitments made under cessation of hostilities agreements and
               the Revitalised Agreement, underlines the support by IGAD of the national
               dialogue, in cooperation with the UN and AU, and urges IGAD to appoint a
               Chairperson for the RJMEC;
                      12. Affirms the critical importance of the ability of UNMISS to use all of its
               bases without restrictions in order to execute its mandate including, but not limited
               to, its base in Tomping and in this regard, calls on the Government of South Sudan
               to uphold its obligations to guarantee UNMISS unimpeded access to United Nations
               premises per the SOFA;
                    13. Recalls its resolution 2086 (2013), reaffirms the basic principles of
               peacekeeping, as set forth in Presidential Statement S/PRST/2015/22, including
               consent of the parties, impartiality, and non-use of force, except in self-defence and
               defence of the mandate, and recognizes that the mandate of each peacekeeping
               mission is specific to the need and situation of the country concerned, and that the
               Security Council expects full delivery of the mandates it authorizes;
                     14. Emphasizes that protection of civilians must be given priority in
               decisions about the use of available capacity and resources within the mission,

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           stresses that UNMISS’s mandate as set out in paragraphs 8 and 10 above includes
           authority to use all necessary means in order to accomplish its mandated tasks,
           particularly the protection of civilians, and further stresses that such actions
           include, but are not limited to, within UNMISS’s capacity and areas of deployment,
           defending protection of civilians sites, establishing areas around the sites that are
           not used for hostile purposes by any forces, including by extending weapons free
           zones to UNMISS protection of civilians sites where appropriate, addressing threats
           to the sites, searching individuals attempting to enter the sites, seizing weapons
           from those inside or attempting to enter the sites, and removing from and d enying
           entry of armed actors to the protection of civilians sites;
                 15. Recognizes the important use of confidence-building, facilitation,
           mediation, and community engagement, and encourages UNMISS as appropriate
           and when possible, to explore how it can use these techniques to enhance its ability
           to support the Mission’s protection, information gathering and situational awareness
           activities, and to implement its mandated tasks, including to protect civilians;
                16. Requests UNMISS prioritize enhanced force mobility to better execute
           its mandate in areas of emerging protection risks and emerging threats, including in
           remote locations, and encourages UNMISS to prioritize deployment of forces with
           appropriate air, land, and water assets within existing financial resources;
                 17. Requests and encourages the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to direct the operations of an integrated UNMISS and coordinate all
           activities of the United Nations system in the Republic of South Sudan, and to
           exercise his or her good offices to lead the UN system in South Sudan in assisting
           the RJMEC, the AU, IGAD and other actors, as well as the parties, with
           implementation of the Revitalised Agreement and to promote, peace and
           reconciliation, underscores in this regard the critical role of CTSAMVM as well as
           the importance of the support provided to it by UNMISS in delivering on its
           mandate, and reaffirms in this regard the critical role that the UN plays, in
           coordination with regional organizations and other actors, to adva nce political
           dialogue between parties and contribute to achieving an enduring cessation of
           hostilities and lead the parties to an inclusive peace process;
                18. Requests UNMISS to strengthen its sexual and gender-based violence
           prevention and response activities, including by ensuring that risks of sexual and
           gender-based violence is included in the Mission’s data collection, threat analysis
           and early warning systems, by engaging with victims of sexual violence, and
           women’s organizations, further requests UNMISS to take fully into account gender
           considerations as a crosscutting issue throughout its mandate, and reaffirms the
           importance of uniformed and civilian gender advisors, gender focal points in all
           mission components, gender expertise and capacity strengthening in executing the
           mission mandate in a gender-responsive manner;
                 19. Requests UNMISS to continue to intensify and extend its presence and
           active patrolling in areas of high risk of conflict, or where there are emerging
           protection risks or threats such as high rates of sexual and gender-based violence,
           and including areas which include high concentrations of IDPs and refugees, with
           particular attention to women and children, including as guided by its early warning
           strategy, in all areas, and key routes for population movement, in order to contribute
           to a secure environment for the safe, informed, voluntary and dignified return,
           relocation, resettlement or integration into host communities for IDPs and refugees,
           and to conduct regular reviews of its geographic deployment to ensure that its forces
           are best placed to fulfil its mandate;
                 20. Recognizes that the effective implementation of peacekeeping mandates
           is the responsibility of all stakeholders and is contingent upon several critical

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               factors, including well defined, realistic, and achievable mandates; political will,
               leadership, performance and accountability at all levels; adequate resources;
               training and equipment; policy, planning and operational guidelines;
                     21. Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary-General to
               standardize a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping, recalls its requests in
               resolution 2378 (2017) and resolution 2436 (2018) that the Secretary-General
               ensure that performance data related to the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations
               is used to improve mission operations, including decisions such as those regarding
               deployment, remediation, repatriation and incentives, reaffirms its support for the
               development of a comprehensive and integrated performance policy framework that
               identifies clear standards of performance for evaluating all United Nations civilian
               and uniformed personnel working in and supporting peacekeeping operations that
               facilitates effective and full implementation of mandates, and includes
               comprehensive and objective methodologies based on clear and well -defined
               benchmarks to ensure accountability for underperformance and incentives and
               recognition for outstanding performance, calls on the United Nations to apply this
               framework to UNMISS, as described in resolution 2436 (2018), in particular by
               investigating and taking immediate action on underperformance, to include the
               rotation, repatriation, replacement or dismissal of the under -performing UNMISS
               uniformed or civilian personnel, including mission leadership and mission support
               personnel, consistent with resolution 2436 (2018), notes the efforts of the Secretary-General to develop a comprehensive performance assessment system and requests
               the Secretary-General and the troop- and police-contributing countries to seek to
               increase the number of women in UNMISS, as well as to ensure the full, effective
               and meaningful participation of women in all aspects of operations;
                     22. Requests the Secretary-General to implement a zero-tolerance policy on
               serious misconduct, sexual exploitation and abuse, and sexual harassment, including
               by making full use of the existing authority of the SRSG to ensure accountability of
               the Mission’s staff and through effective mission support arrangement, recalls its
               Presidential Statement S/PRST/2015/22 and its resolution 2272 (2016), requests the
               Secretary-General to continue to take all necessary measures to ensure full
               compliance of all personnel in UNMISS, civilian and uniformed, including mission
               leadership and mission support personnel with the United Nations zero -tolerance
               policy on sexual exploitation and abuse, to conduct investigations of all allegations
               of sexual exploitation and abuse, and to keep the Council fully informed through his
               reports to the Council about the Mission’s progress in this regard, including by
               reporting on the start, agreed deadlines, and outcomes of reviews, stresses the need
               to prevent such exploitation and abuse and to improve how these allegations are
               addressed in line with resolution 2272 (2016), and urges troop- and policecontributing countries to continue taking appropriate preventive action, including
               vetting of all personnel, pre-deployment and in-mission awareness training, to
               ensure full accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel,
               including through timely investigations of allegations of sexual exploitation and
               abuse by troop- and police-contributing countries, as appropriate, to hold
               perpetrators accountable, and to repatriate units when there is credible evidence of
               widespread or systemic sexual exploitation and abuse by those units;
                    23. Requests UNMISS to ensure that any support provided to non -United
               Nations security forces is provided in strict compliance with the HRDDP on United
               Nations Support to non-United Nations security forces;
                     24. Requests UNMISS to assist the Committee, within existing resources,
               established pursuant to paragraph 16 of resolution 2206 (2015) and the Panel of
               Experts established by the same resolution, regarding the measures adopted in
               resolution 2428 (2018), including its provisions related to the arms embargo, and in

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           particular encourages timely information exchange between UNMISS and the Panel
           of Experts, urges all parties and Member States, as well as international, regional
           and subregional organizations to ensure cooperation with the Panel of Experts, and
           further urges all Member States involved to ensure the safety of the members of the
           Panel of Experts and unhindered access, in particular to persons, documents and
           sites in order for the Panel of Experts to execute its mandate;
                 25. Condemns in the strongest terms attacks on and threats made to UNMISS
           personnel and United Nations facilities, as well as those of IGAD, including the
           December 2018 obstruction, detention, and abuse of a CTSAMVM team by GoSS
           officials in December 2018, stresses that such attacks may constitute violations of
           the SOFA and/or war crimes, demands that all parties respect the inviolability of
           United Nations premises and immediately desist and refrain from any violence
           against those gathered at United Nations facilities, reiterates that the GoSS is bound
           by the terms of the SOFA, and further demands the immediate and safe release of
           detained and kidnapped United Nations and associated personnel;
                 26. Condemns the clash that took place in Malakal in February 2016 and the
           fighting in Juba in July 2016, and urges the UN to continuously incorporate lessons
           learned to conduct reforms across UNMISS to better enable it to implement its
           mandate, in particular regarding the protection of civilians, and to improve
           UNMISS chain of command, increase the effectiveness of UNMISS operations,
           strengthen safety and security of personnel, and enhance UNMISS ’ ability to
           manage complex situations;
                  27. Condemns in the strongest terms attacks on and looting of humanitarian
           aid, including food and medicine, and premises, including hospitals and medical
           facilities and warehouses, and demands that all parties allow, in accordance with
           relevant provisions of international law and United Nations guiding principles of
           emergency humanitarian assistance, including humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and
           independence, the rapid, safe and unhindered access of relief personnel, equipment
           and supplies, and timely delivery of humanitarian assistance, to all those in need
           throughout South Sudan in particular to IDPs and refugees, and end use of hospitals,
           schools and other civilian premises for purposes that could make them subject to
           attack, stresses the obligation to respect and protect all medical personnel and
           humanitarian personnel exclusively engaged in medical duties, their means of
           transport and equipment, as well as hospitals and other medical fac ilities, stresses
           also that any returns or other durable solutions for IDPs or refugees must be
           undertaken on a voluntary and informed basis in conditions of dignity and safety,
           and notes that freedom of movement of civilians and their right to seek asylum
           should be respected;
                 28. Demands that all parties immediately cease all forms of violence, human
           rights violations and abuses, and violations of international humanitarian law,
           including rape and other forms of sexual and gender -based violence, and hold those
           responsible accountable, in order to break the prevailing cycle of impunity;
                 29. Condemns all violations of applicable international law committed by all
           parties to the conflict, in particular against children, strongly urges all parties to the
           conflict to implement the actions called for in The Conclusions on Children and
           Armed Conflict in South Sudan adopted by the Security Council Working Group on
           Children and Armed Conflict on 17 December 2018, including the immediate
           release of all children in their ranks and take steps to end and prevent the killing and
           maiming of children, welcomes the release of children by some groups, strongly
           urges the GoSS to develop and implement a comprehensive action plan addressing
           all violations and abuses against children, and further strongly urges the SPLA-IO
           to implement its action plan to end and prevent the recruitment and use of children

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               and the killing and maiming of children, underlines the importance of the GoSS
               providing timely and appropriate reintegration and rehabilitation assistance to
               children affected by armed conflict and minimize the risk of re -recruitment, while
               ensuring that the specific needs of girls as well as children with disabilities are
               addressed, including access to health care, psychosocial support, and education
               programmes, and calls on the international community to assist these efforts;
                     30. Requests UNMISS continue to engage in dialogue with the parties to the
               conflict regarding the development and implementation of action plans, in line with
               resolution 1612 (2005) and subsequent resolutions on children and armed conflict
               and to support efforts aimed at releasing children associated with armed groups and
               forces in all parts of the country;
                     31. Welcomes the commitment to the inclusion of women in the Revitalised
               Agreement, including the 35% minimum for women’s representation, and calls on
               all parties to do more to ensure that these minimum commitments are achiev ed and
               to ensure the full, effective, and meaningful participation and involvement of
               women in all spheres and levels of political leadership, the peace process, and the
               transitional government, and requests UNMISS to assist in these efforts;
                    32. Strongly urges the SSPDF and the SPLA-IO, and other armed groups, to
               prevent further commission of sexual violence, urges the GoSS and the SPLA-IO to
               implement the joint and unilateral commitments and action plans they have made on
               preventing conflict-related sexual violence with focus on prevention, accountability,
               and enhancing assistance to victims, encourages the GoSS and the SPLA-IO to
               adopt a survivor-centred approach in preventing and responding to sexual violence
               in conflict and post-conflict situations and to establish internal disciplinary
               mechanisms including a confidential reporting mechanism to report and ensure it is
               disseminated within the forces and among civilians, strongly urges SSPDF
               leadership to issue specific command orders regarding prevention of conflict-related
               sexual violence, demands the GoSS show concrete steps to hold those responsible
               within its ranks accountable for crimes of sexual violence, including through the
               prompt investigation, prosecution and punishment of perpetrators, as well as
               reparations for victims as appropriate, consistent with UNSCR 2467 (2019), and
               requests UNMISS to assist the parties with these activities consistent with
               paragraph 17;
                    33. Urges the parties to the Revitalised Agreement to demilitarize civilian
               areas as required in chapter 2 of the R-ARCSS, thereby reducing the proliferation
               and misuse of small arms and other weapons;
                     34. Underscores that truth-seeking and reconciliation is essential for
               achieving peace in South Sudan and in this regard stresses that the Commission for
               Truth, Reconciliation and Healing, as stipulated in the Revitalised Agreement, is a
               critical part of the peacebuilding process in South Sudan, to spearhead efforts to
               achieve national cohesion, promote peace, national reconciliation an d healing;
                     35. Calls upon the GoSS, while taking note of paragraph 3.2.2 of Chapter V
               of the Revitalised Agreement, to hold to account all those responsible for violations
               and abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law, and to
               ensure that all victims of sexual violence have equal protection under the law and
               equal access to justice, and to safeguard equal respect for the rights of women and
               girls in these processes, notes that implementing transitional justice measures,
               including those in the Revitalised Agreement, are key to healing and reconciliation,
               and underscoring the importance of the rule of law to advancing the peace process,
               urges the GoSS to prioritize restoration and reform of the rule of law and justice
               sector, welcomes steps the GoSS has taken with the deployment of mobile courts
               facilitated by UNMISS, and further urges the GoSS to take further steps in this

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           regard, and encourages UNMISS to support these efforts, including through
           technical assistance and capacity building;
                36. Takes note of the steps taken by the African Union towards the setting up
           of the Hybrid Court for South Sudan as provided for under Chapter V of the
           Revitalised Agreement, as well as the work done to date by the UN, welcomes the
           African Union’s formal invitation for the UN to provide technical assistance
           towards the setting up of the Hybrid Court for South Sudan, and requests the
           Secretary-General to continue to make available technical assistance to the
           Commission of the African Union and to the GoSS in setting up the Hybrid Court
           for South Sudan and for the implementation of other aspects of Chapter V of the
           Revitalised Agreement, including with regard to the establishment of the
           Commission for Truth, Reconciliation, and Healing and the Compe nsation and
           Reparation Authority;
                37. Takes note of the 8 February 2018 African Union Peace and Security
           Council communique and in this regard calls upon the GoSS to sign without further
           delay the Memorandum of Understanding with the African Union to est ablish the
           Hybrid Court for South Sudan, and further calls on the international community to
           extend support to establishing the Hybrid Court for South Sudan;
                 38. Calls upon the GoSS to move forward expeditiously and transparently to
           complete the ongoing investigations of allegations of human rights violations and
           abuses in a manner consistent with its international obligations, and encourages it to
           release the reports of those investigations;

           Reports
                39. Requests the Secretary-General, in accordance with best practices, to
           conduct and provide the Security Council, no later than 15 December 2020, with an
           independent strategic review of UNMISS assessing the challenges to peace and
           security in South Sudan and providing detailed recommendations for the possible
           reconfiguration of the UNMISS mandate and its civilian, police, and military
           components to account for developments in the peace process, based on broad
           consultations, including, but not limited to, relevant tra nsitional government bodies,
           humanitarian and development actors, and civil society organizations;
               40. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report violations of the
           SOFA or obstructions to UNMISS on a monthly basis;
                 41. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on
           implementation of the UNMISS mandate and the obstructions UNMISS encounters
           in doing so in a comprehensive written report to be submitted within 90 days of the
           date of adoption of this resolution, every 90 days thereafter, and underscores that
           such reporting should include attention to the below listed issues and that
           perspectives should be gathered from all relevant actors:
               • specific and detailed reporting on how UNMISS is working toward fulfilling
                 its protection of civilian duties, including but not limited to troop
                 responsiveness and performance and new patrol areas, proactive deployment
                 and community engagement,
               • the consideration of gender as cross cutting throughout the mandate,
               • steps taken to deter and prevent sexual and gender-based violence,
               • the participation of women in peace processes, and an analysis of the mission ’s
                 political engagement on this issue,
               • steps taken to enhance the safety and security of UN personnel,

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                    • analysis of troop and police performance and rotations, including progress in
                      mission operations and accountability measures taken for underperformance,
                      including any information on national caveats that negatively affect
                      implementation of the mandate,
                    • strengthened reporting on human rights issues, and
                    • reporting on progress in implementing the HRDDP;
                     42. Requests the Secretary-General to report, through his regular 90-day
               reports, on the technical assistance provided consistent with paragraph 36 above,
               invites the African Union to share information on progress made in the
               establishment of the Hybrid Court for South Sudan, with the Secretary -General to
               inform his report, and expresses the Security Council’s intention upon receipt of the
               Secretary-General’s reports to assess the work that has been done in the
               establishment of the Hybrid Court in line with international standards;
                     43.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.




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