In the matter of maintainability of appeal in the Supreme Court of India.
Mohan Lal Agarwala, for the petitioner.
G. C. Mathur and C. P. Lal, for the respondent No. 1. 1960.
September 14.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by RAGHUBAR DAYAL J.
Narain Das filed a civil writ petition under article 226 of the Constitution in the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad.
He subsequently moved an application under section 476 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (hereinafter called the Code) for making a complaint under section 193, Indian Penal Code, against Phanish Tripathi alleging that a certain statement in an affidavit filed by the latter was false.
The learned Judge who heard this application, holding that the appellant had not succeeded in showing that any portion of the affidavit of Tripathi filed on May 14, 1959, was false, dismissed the same.
It is against this order of the learned Judge of the High Court that Narain Das has filed this memorandum of appeal under section 476B of the Code.
The Registry has submitted the memorandum of appeal with a report for determining the question whether the appeal is competent in this Court.
Section 476 of the Code is to be found in Ch.
XXXV which is headed 'Proceedings in case of certain Offences Affecting the Administration of Justice '.
Section 476 empowers any Civil, Revenue or Criminal Court, when it is of the opinion that it is expedient in the interests of justice that an inquiry should be made into any offence referred to in section 195(1) (b) or (c) which appears to have been committed in or in relation to a proceeding before it, to file a complaint, after such inquiry as it thinks necessary, before a Magistrate of Class having jurisdiction.
It is clear therefore that where an offence referred to in section 195(1) (b) or (c) is committed in or in relation to a proceeding in a Civil Court, an inquiry under section 476 and.
the action taken 678 on that inquiry by the Civil Court, are in relation to that proceeding itself.
Any person aggrieved by an order of a Court under section 476.
of 'the Code may appeal in view of section 476B to the Court to which the former Court is subordinate within the, meaning of section 195(3), which provides that for the purposes of the section a Court shall be deemed to be subordinate to the Court to which appeals ordinarily lie from the appealable decrees or sentences of such former Court, or, in the case of a Civil Court from whose decrees no appeal ordinarily lies, to the,, principal Court having ordinary original civil jurisdiction within the local limits of whose jurisdiction such Civil Court is situate.
The decrees of a single Judge of the High Court exercising civil jurisdiction are ordinarily appealable to the High Court under el.
10 of the Letters Patent of the Allahabad High Court read with el. 13 of the United Provinces High Courts (Amalgamation) Order, 1948.
It is true that the decision of a single Judge of the High Court is as much a decision of the High Court as the decision of the appellate Bench hearing appeals against his decrees.
But the Court constituted, by the single Judge is a Court subordinate to the appellate Bench of the High Court in view of the artificial judicial subordination created by the provisions of section 195(3) to the effect ' ' a Court shall be deemed to be subordinate to the Court to which appeals ordinarily lie from the appeal.
able decrees. '.
In the case of a Civil Court which passes appealable decrees, that Court is deemed to be subordinate to the Court to which appeals ordinarily lie from its decrees.
In ' the case of a Civil Court from whose decrees no appeal ordinarily lies, that Court is deemed subordinate to the principal Court having ordinary original civil jurisdiction within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the former Court is situate, even though normally such a Court will not be subordinate to the principal Court having ordinary original civil jurisdiction within whose local limits it is situate.
It was urged by the learned Advocate for Narain Das that the order of the learned single Judge under 679 s.476 did not amount to a decree and that therefore the provisions of section 195(3) were not applicable.
It is not necessary for us to express an opinion on the question whether the order of the learned single Judge under section 476 is appealable under cl. 10 of the Letters Patent or not.
A right of appeal against that order is given by the provisions of section 476 B.
The forum of appeal is also determined by the provisions of section 476B read with section 195(3), and the only relevant consideration to determine the proper forum for an appeal against such an order of the single Judge is as to which Court the appeals against appealable decrees of the single Judge ordinarily lie.
Such appeals lie to the High Court under cl. 10 of the Letters Patent of the Allahabad High Court, and therefore this appeal lies to ' the High Court.
Learned counsel for the appellant relied on the decision of this Court in M. section Sheriff vs The State of Madras (1) in support of his contention that an appeal under section 476B lay to this Court from the decision of a single Judge of a High Court refusing to file a complaint under section 476 of the Code.
That case is distinguishable as the question considered in that case was whether an appeal lay to this Court under section 476B of the Code from an order of a Division Bench of a High Court.
It did not deal with the question whether an appeal lay to this Court under section 476B of the Code from an order of a single Judge of the High Court.
No appeal lies to the High Court against the decision of a Division Bench of the High Court and therefore an appeal under section 476B from an order of the Division Bench of the High Court must lie to this Court.
The fact that an appeal lies to this Court from the order of a single Judge of the High Court where the High Court certifies, under article 132 of the Constitution, that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution, is of no assistance to the appellant 's contention 'that this appeal is competent in this Court.
It cannot be said that an appeal ordinarily lies to this Court from the (1) [1954] S.C.R. 1144.
87 680 judgment of a single Judge of a High Court because such an appeal lies with a certificate granted under article 132.
We therefore hold that the present appeal does not lie to this Court and that it lies to the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad.
We therefore direct that the memorandum of appeal be returned for presentation.
to the proper Court.
Appeal incompetent.

Summary:
During the pendency of a civil writ petition in the Allahabad High Court, one N moved an application under section 476, Code of criminal Procedure, for making a complaint under section 93, Indian Penal Code, against T. A single judge who was seized of the case rejected the application.
Thereupon N presented an appeal against the order of rejection of his application before the Supreme Court under section 476 B, Code of Criminal Procedure.
Held, that the appeal did not lie to the Supreme Court but that it lay to the Appellate Bench of the High Court.
The decrees of a single judge of the High Court exercising civil jurisdiction were ordinarily appealable to the High Court under cl.
1o of the Letters Patent of the Allahabad High Court read with cl. 13 of the U. P. High Courts (Amalgamation) Order, 1948, and as such the Court constituted by the single judge was a court subordinate to the Appellate Bench of the High Court within the meaning of section 195(3) of the Code.
M. section Sheriff vs The State of Madras, [1954] S.C.R. 1144, distinguished.