Civil Appeals Nos. 185 to 187 of 1961.
Appeals by special leave from the judgment and order dated May 13, 1959, of the Patna High Court in Misc.
Judicial Case No. 352 of 1957.
WITH Petitions Nos. 163 to 165 of 1959.
Petitions Under article 32 of the Constitution of India for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
M. C. Setalvad, Attorney General of India, Veda Vyasa and Naunit Lal, for the appellants/petitioners.
A. section R. Chari, D. P. Singh., M. K. Ramamurthi, R. K. Garg and section C. Agarwala, for the respondents.
500 1961.
November 20.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by KAPUR, J.
The principal question raised in these appeals and petitions under article 32 of the Constitution is whether sugar cane falls within the term "green vegetables" and is therefore exempt from sales tax under the exemption given by the notification dated August 28, 1947, issued under section 6 of the Bihar Sales Tax Act 1947, (Bihar 19 of 1947), hereinafter called the 'Act '.
After hearing the arguments in these appeals and petitions we announced our decision dismissing them with costs and we now proceed to give our reasons for the same.
The three appeals by special leave are brought by the assessee and relate to assessment of sales tax for three years, 1950 51, 1951 52 and 1952 53 for which the amount of sales tax levied was Rs. 28,866, Rs. 23,383 and Rs. 23,298 respectively.
Besides the three appeals the assessee company has filed three petitions under article 32 challenging the constitutionality of the assessments.
In this judgment the appellant and the petitioner is a private limited company and it will be termed "appellant" and the State of Bihar which is respondent will be termed the "respondent".
The appellant took an objection to the assessment and filed appeals to the Deputy Commissioner of Commercial taxes and then a revision to the Board of Revenue and then at its instance the following question was referred by the Board of Revenue to the High Court for opinion: "Whether sugar cane is a green vegetable within the meaning of item 6 of notification No. 9884 FT dated 28 8 47 and as such exempt from taxation.
" The High Court answered the question against the appellant and held that "sugar cane" was not 501 included in the term "green vegetables" and it is the correctness of that answer which has been canvassed before us.
In the petitions under article 32 of the Constitution it was contended that the appellant being a producer of sugar cane was not a "dealer" within the meaning of the Act and therefore no tax was payable on sale of sugar cane by it.
The exemption under the Act is provided under section 6 of the Act which, at the relevant time, was as follows: section 6 "No tax shall be payable under this Act on the sale of any goods or class of goods specified in this behalf by the (State) Government by notification in the Official Gazette, subject to such conditions as may be mentioned in the notification: Provided no notification shall be issued under this section without giving in the Official Gazette such previous notice as the State Government may consider reasonable, of its intention to issue such notification.
" Under section 6 of the Act the notification relied upon was issued on August 28, 1947.
This was notification No. 9884 FT which was in the following terms: "In exercise of the powers conferred by section 6 of the Bihar Sales Tax Act, 1947 (Bihar Act XIX of 1947), and in supersession of the previous notifications on the subject the Governor of Bihar is pleased to direct that no tax shall be payable under the said Act on the sale of goods specified in the second column of the schedule hereto annexed subject to the exceptions, if any, set out in the corresponding entry in the third column thereof.
502 THE SCHEDULE Serial Description Exception subject to which the No. of goods.
exemption has been allowed.
1. . . . 2. . . . 3. . . . 4. . . . 5. . . . 6 Green vegetables Except when sold in sealed other than pota containers.
. . . . . . . . . . ." The question raised is that sugar cane falls within the term "green vegetables" in entry 6 of the Schedule and is therefore exempt from assessment to Sales tax.
In support of this contention counsel for the appellant relied upon a judgment of the for the appellant relied upon a judgment of the Bombay High Court, The State of Bombay vs R. section Phadtara (1) where it was held that sugar cane is "fresh vegetable" and is therefore exempt from sales tax under a similar notification issued under the Bombay Sales Tax Act.
Changla C. J., there observed at page 496 as follows: "In its plain and natural meaning a "vegetable" clearly is wide enough to cover "sugar cane"; but what is urged by the Advocate General is that we must not give it that wide meaning but must give it the popular meaning as under stood by people who deal in vegetables or eat vegetables, and it is urged that from that narrow and restricted point of view sugar cane is not vegetable.
This is a taxing statue and if in favour of that construction which gives relief to the subject.
That was exactly the 503 approch of the Sales Tax Tribunal and in our opinion that approach was a very proper one." This observation is not in accord with the opinion given by this Court in Ramaytar Badhriprasad vs Assistant Sales tax Officer, Akola (1) in which under an almost identical entry it was held that "betel leaves" is not included in the term "vegetables".
After quoting with approval a passage from the judgment of the Nagpur High Court, Madhya Pradesh pan Merchants Association vs State of Madhya Pradesh (2) this court said: "the word "vegetable" in taxing statutes is to be understood as in common parlance i.e. denoting class of vegetables which are grown in a kitchen garden or in a farm and are used for the table.
" If that is the meaning of the word "vegetables" sugar cane cannot fail within entry 6 which relates to green vegetables.
In Webster 's dictionary "sugar cane" has been defined as "a grass extensively grown in tropical and warm regions for its sugar" and in Oxford dictionary it is defined as "a tall peronnial grass cultivated in tropical and sub tropical countries and forming the chief source of unmanufactured sugar".
Therefore it cannot be said that sugar cane falls within the definition of the words "green vegetables".
The second question which was raised before us and which arises in the petitions under article 32 is that the appellant company is not a "dealer" within the meaning of the word as defined in section 2(c) of the Act which is as follows: " "dealer" means any person who sells or supplies any goods (including goods sold or supplied in the execution of a contract) 504 whether for commission, remuneration or otherwise and includes any family or a Hindu joint family, the Government and any society club or association which sells or supplies goods to its members".
The words of this sub section are very wide and cover the case of the appellant and therefore this point is also without substance and must be rejected.
But it was argued that the definition of the word "dealer" in the Act which was amended by Bihar Annual Finance Act 1950 is applicable only for the financial year beginning April 1, 1950, and not for subsequent years and for that aid was sought from the preamble to the Bihar Annual Finance Act 1950.
That preamble is as follows: "whereas it is expedient to amend the Bihar Sales Tax Act, 1947, and the Bihar Agricultural Income Tax Act, 1948, to levy a tax on passengers and goods carried by public service vehicles and public carries and to lay down rates on Sales Tax payable under Bihar Sales Tax Act 1947 to fix limit of taxable agricultural income to lay down rates of agricultural Income Tax Act and Super Tax chargeable under Bihar Agricultural Income Tax Act, 1948 for the financial year beginning on the 1st day of April 1950 and to make further provisions in connection with the finance of this State of Bihar".
The preamble cannot limit or change the meaning of the plain words of s.2(c) of the Act which apply to the case of the appellant and therefore the amended section is applicable to the present case.
It is an erroneous approach to the question to say that because of the words "for the financial year beginning on the first of April 1950" in the particular context in the preamble, the definition of the word "dealer" was amended only for one year Nothing has been shown indicating that section 505 (2)(i) of Bihar Annual Finance Act intended to effect a temporary amendment in the previous definition of the word "dealer" in cl(c) of s.2 of the Act.
The contention is therefore repelled.
It was also submitted that the assent of the President was not given to the Bihar Annual Finance Act 1950.
In our opinion that submission is equally without force because tax on sale of goods is a matter entirely within entry 54 of the State List and the amendment made in the definition of the word "dealer" in the Act did not require the assent of the President.
In our opinion the appeals and the petitions under article 32 are without merit and are therefore dismissed with costs.
One hearing fee.
Appeals and writ petitions dismissed.

Summary:
Under section 6 of the Bihar Sales Tax Act, 1947, the Government issued a notification exempting certain goods from the 499 payment of sales tax, including "green vegetables other than potatoes, except when sold in sealed containers".
The appellant who was a producer of sugar can was assessed to sales tax.
He contended that sugar cane was a green vegetables and was exempted from tax and that he was not a dealer as defined in section 2 (c) of the Act and could not be assessed to sales tax. ^ Held, that sugar cane was not a green vegetable and was not exempted under the notification.
The word "vegetables" in taxing statutes was to be understood as in common parlance i.e. denoting class of vegetables which were grown in a kitchen garden or in a farm and were used for the table.
The dictionaries defined sugar cane as a "grass." Ramavtar Budhaiprasad vs Assistant Sales Tax Officer, Akola, ; , followed.
The State of Bombay vs R. section Phadtare, [1956] 7 section T. C. 495, disapproved.
Held, further, that the appellant was a dealer within the definition in section 2(c).
Section 2(c) was amended by the Bihar Annual Finance Act, 1950.
The amended was not a temporary amendment for only one year; the amended section was applicable to the present case.
The amending Act did not require the assent of the President as the matter fell entirely within entry 54 of the State List.