Miscellaneous Petition No. 915 of 1957.
Appeal under Order V, rule 3 of the Supreme Court Rules.
R. V. section Mani and Ganpat Rai, for the petitioner.
October 14.
The following Judgment of the Court was delivered by VENKATARAMA AIYAR J.
This is a petition under article 71(1) of the Constitution of India.
On May 6, there was an election to the office of the President 649 and Shri Rajendra Prasad was declared elected.
Thereafter Dr. N. B. Khare filed the present petition describing himself as an intending candidate and alleging that there had been violations of the provisions of the Constitution and that the election was in consequence not valid.
The prayers in the petition are " that grave doubts that exist in connection with the Presidential election be enquired into, resolved and decided " and " the entire proceedings of the Presidential election be quashed as void ".
The Registrar of this Court returned the petition as not being in conformity with the provisions of the (XXXI of 1952), and as not satisfying the requirements of the Rules of this Court contained in 0.
XXXVII A Section 14 of Act XXXI of 1952 provides that no election shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to the Supreme Court in accordance with the provisions of the Act and of the Rules made by the Supreme Court under article 145 of the Constitution; and it further provides that it should be presented by any candidate at such election or by ten or more electors.
The Rules framed by this Court with reference to this matter are contained in 0.
XXXVII A. Rule 3 prescribes that a court fee of the value of Rs. 250 should be paid on the petition and r. 12 requires the petitioner to deposit a sum of Rs. 2,000 in cash as security for the payment of costs that may become payable by him.
The petitioner is not a person entitled to apply under section 14 of the Act and his petition was also defective as it did not comply with the requirements of rr. 3 and 12.
It was accordingly returned by the Registrar.
Against that order, the present appeal has been brought.
It is firstly contended by Mr. Mani that the present petition is outside the purview of Act XXXI of 1952 and of 0.
XXXVII A of the Supreme Court Rules.
It is argued that the Supreme Court is invested with jurisdiction to enquire into and decide all doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with the election of the President, that Act XXXI of 1952 and O. XXXVII A apply only when there is a dispute 650 as to the election, but where the petition is founded upon doubts as to the validity of the election, it is not covered either by the Act or the Rules.
We are unable to accept this contention.
When once an election has been held, any doubt concerning its validity is material only as a ground for setting aside the election and that in fact is the prayer in the petition itself In substance the petition is one calling the election in question and it must satisfy the requirements of Act XXXI of 1952 and of the Rules in 0.
XXXVII A.
It is next contended that the Act and the Rules in question are void on the ground that they derogate from the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court to enquire into and decide all disputes and doubts arising out of or in connection with the election of the President or the Vice President.
It is argued that under section 18, the election could be set aside only on certain grounds and that further under clause (b) it could be done only if the result of the election is shown to have been materially affected, and that these are restrictions on the jurisdiction conferred by article 71(1) and are ultra vires.
Article 71(1) merely prescribes the forum in which disputes in connection with the election of the President and Vice President would be enquired into.
It does not prescribe the conditions under which the petition for setting aside an election could be presented.
Under article 71(3), it is Parliament that is authorised It( make law for regulating any matter relating to or connected with the election of the President or Vice President, and Act XXXI of 1952 has been passed by Parliament in accordance with this provision.
The right to stand for election and the right to move for setting aside an election are not common law rights.
They must be conferred by statute and can be enforced only in accordance with the conditions laid down therein.
The contention that the Act and the Rules derogate from the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under article 71(1) must accordingly be rejected.
The petitioner has, therefore, no right to move for setting aside the election except in accordance with the provisions of Act XXXI of 1952.
651 And finally it is contended that the petitioner has a right as a citizen to approach this Court under article 71(1) whenever an election has been held in breach of the constitutional provisions.
For the reasons already given, this contention must fail.
The right of a person to file an application for setting aside an election must be determined by the statute which gives it, and that statute is Act XXXI of 1952 passed under article 71 (3).
The petitioner must strictly bring himself within the four corners of that statute and has no rights apart from it.
The order appealed against is clearly right and this appeal is dismissed.
Petition dismissed.

Summary:
The petitioner describing himself as an intending candidate for the Presidential Election filed a petition in the Supreme Court under article 71 (1) of the Constitution of India impugning the election of the President, but it was returned by the Registrar of the Court on the ground that it was not in conformity with the provisions of the Presidential and Vice Presidential Elections Act, 152, and the Rules of the Supreme Court contained in Or.
XXXVII A.
On appeal to the Court it was contended for the appellant that (1) the petition was founded upon doubts as to the validity of the election and, in consequence, was not covered either by the Act or the Rules of the Supreme Court, (2) the Act and the Rules in question were void on the ground that they derogate from the jurisdiction conferred on the Supreme Court under article 71(1) and (3) in any case, the petitioner has a right as a citizen to approach this Court for relief whenever an election has been held in breach of the constitutional provisions.
Held that article 71(1) merely prescribes the forum in which doubts and disputes in connection with the election of the President and Vice President would be enquired into, but the right to move the Supreme Court as well as the procedure therefor, are determined by the Act of Parliament as authorised by article 71 (3).
Accordingly the Act and the Rules in question are valid, and the petitioner has no rights apart from those given by the statute to file an application for setting aside an election.