Appeal No. 690 of 1976.
Appeal from the Judgment and Order dated the 16th December, 1975 the Gujarat High Court in Special Civil Appln.
No. 571/75.
G.S. Sanghi and Girish Chandra for the Appellants.
V.M. Tarkunde, K.L. Hathi and Mrs. P.C. Kapur for Re spondent No. 1.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by GOSWAMI, J.
This appeal on certificate is from the judgment of the High Court of Gujarat.
The appellants 1 and 2 are respectively the Union of India and the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner.
The 1st respondent is Majur Mahajan Mandal (hereinafter to be described as the union), a registered trade union representing the majority of the textile workers of the five textile mills of Baroda (re spondents 2 to 6) who are not represented before us and who will be described hereinafter as the mills, Since some time in 1973, industrial disputes in respect of dearness allowance (D.A.) had been pending between the union and the mills in five references before the Industrial Court, Gujarat, being Reference Nos.
406, 407, 408, 409 and 421 of 1973.
The rate of D.A. for the employees in the cotton textile industry in Ahmedabad had earlier been fixed by an award of an industrial Tribunal which will be referred to hereinafter as the Ahmedabad Rate.
The prevalent D.A. in 1973 in the mills with which we are concerned was 90% of the Ahmedabad Rate.
The union was raising the aforesaid disputes for increasing the D.A. to 100% of the Ahmedabad Rate with effect from October 1, 1972.
Hence the above references were pending before the Industrial Court.
As a result of negotiations between the parties during the pendency of the said disputes before the Industrial Court D.A. was agreed to be paid at the rate of 95% of the Ahmedabad Rate of D.A. with effect from January 1, 1974, as will appear from an interim award of the Industrial Court dated June 21, 1974.
Thereafter by further negotiations the disputes regarding D.A. were finally resolved by the mills and the union entering into a settlement on June 28, 1974, by fixing D.A. at 100% of the Ahmedabad Rate with effect from January 1, 1974.
Awards were later made bY the Court in conformity with the said settlement in the pending disputes some time in August and September, 1974.
It is not disputed that the workers of the mills in pursuance of the settlement of the disputes received D.A. at 100% of the Ahmedabad Rate retrospectively with effect from 1st January, 1974.
It may even be assumed that the arrear D.A. for the past period from January 474 1, 1974, was paid to the workers in August or perhaps.
even later, that is to say, after 6th July, 1974, the signifi cance of which date we will immediately see.
While the aforesaid disputes were pending before the Industrial Court, The (briefly the Act), replacing the earlier Ordinance on the subject, came into force retrospectively from 6th July, 1974, the appointed day, under the Act.
This Act was passed as the preamble says, "to provide, in the interests of national economic development, for the compul sory deposit of additional emoluments and for the framing of a scheme in relation thereto, and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto".
The employees to whom the Act is applicable are classi fied into three categories, namely, employees of the Govern ment, of local authorities and other employees.
The principal object of the Ordinance and later of the Act is to control the menacing inflationary trend which has been the bane of the country 's economy.
On the one hand there has been persistent demand from employees for revi sion of wages and increase of D.A. on account of the high cost of living and on the other the State has to tackle the national problem of mounting pressure of inflationary forces.
While, therefore, meeting with the demands for rise in emoluments, simultaneously, steps with equal force had to be taken so that the additional amounts disbursed do not immediately flow to the market adding a further fillip to inflation.
The Ordinance and later the Act thus provide for compulsory deposit for a period of one year of the whole of the additional wages and for a period of three years of half of the additional D.A.
The additional emoluments earned are thus impounded under the Act and are not immediately available to the employees for instant consumption.
The Act provides a scheme of beneficial forced saving and the deposited amounts will be finally repaid to the employees in different ways specified in the Act with interest at 21/2% over and above the Bank deposit rate.
Before we proceed further we may note some of the provi sions of the Act material for our purpose: By section 2(a) of the Act "appointed day" means the 6th day of July, 1974".
By section 2(b) " 'additional dearness allowance ' means such clearness allowance as may be sanctioned from time to time, after the appointed day, over and above the amount of dearness allowance payable in accordance with the rate in force immediately before the date from which such sanction of additional dearness allowance is to take effect".
* * * * By section 2(e) " 'dearness allowance ' means all cash payments, by whatever name called, made to an employee on account of rise in 475 the cost of living".
Under section 2(g) " 'emoluments ' include wages and dearness allowance".
Under section 5 every specified authority (herein the employer) shall open two separate accounts, namely, the Additional Wages Deposit Account and the Additional Dearness Allowance Deposit Account.
The employer shall open a sepa rate ledger account in the name of each employee.
Section 6(2)(b) of the Act enjoins on the employer a duty to make deductions and to remit to the nominated authority addition al wages and additional D.A. from emoluments disbursed after the appointed day.
In the case of additional wages it will be the whole amount and in the case of additional D.A. it will be half of it.
It is common ground that the Act applies to the mills which are the "employers" under the Act and also "specified au thorities" under the Additional Emoluments Compulsory Depos it (Employees other than employees of Government and Local Authorities) Scheme, 1974, which is made under section 10 of the Act.
The union applied to the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution for a writ of mandamus or other suitable order to permanently restrain the mills from effecting any deduc tion from the arrears of dearness allowance payable to their employees from January to June 1974 on the basis of the settlement of 28th June, 1974.
There was a further prayer to permanently restrain the mills from treating the base for calculation of additional D.A. at a rate less than the agreed 100% of the Ahmedabad Rate and to direct the mills not to deduct or deposit 21/2% of D.A. per month payable to each employee treating the same as not being additional D.A. within the meaning of section 2(b) of the Act.
Lastly there was a prayer for refund of the amount already deducted by the mills.
The High Court allowed the writ application and also granted certificate to appeal to this Court.
The appellants contend that 100% of the Ahmedabad Rate of D.A. to the workers was sanctioned after the appointed day, that is to say after 6th July, 1974, when the awards were made between August and September 1974 in pursuance of the settlement of June 28, 1974.
The claim of the appellants is two fold: First, since the increased D.A. to the work ers was sanctioned after the appointed day, only when the awards were made, the difference between the increased D.A. at 100% of the Ahmedabad Rate and the prevailing rate pay able in arrears from 1st January, 1974 to 30th June, 1974, will be additional D.A. in terms of section 2(b) of the Act and is, therefore, subject to deduction of 50% of the same.
Second, for future deductions of additional D.A., after the appointed day, the base for calculation of additional D.A. should be 95% of the Ahmedabad Rate of D.A. which was pre vailing prior to 6th July, 1974, in terms of the interim award of 21st June, 1974.
In other words, for future deductions of additional D.A. after 6th July, 1974 the appellants claim that the workers should be treated as if they were in receipt of D.A., prior to the appointed day, at 95% of the Ahmedabad Rate which had been in force in terms of the interim award of 21st June, 1974, which is the earli er sanction for the 95% rate.
Hence, 2 1/2% (that is 50% of 5% being the difference between 95% and 100%) of the same will be liable for deduction under the Act from 6th July, 1974.
According to the appellants, the benefit of 100% was available only after the making of the awards which was, thus, sanctioned after 476 the appointed day notwithstanding the fact that the settle ment had been entered upon on 28th June, 1974.
Section 2(b) will, therefore, be clearly attracted, according to the appellants.
It is submitted by the appellants that the word "sanc tioned" in the definition of 'additional dearness allowance ' under section 2(b) is very significant.
It is contended that the settlement during the pendency of an industrial dispute before the industrial Court has to be approved by the Court before it can be said to be sanctioned within the meaning of the provisions of section 2(b).
Reference is made to section 115A of the Bombay Industrial Relations Act, 1946.
That section, so far as it is material for our pur pose, provides that if any agreement is arrived at between an employer and the union which are parties to an industrial dispute pending before an Industrial Court the award in such proceeding shall be made in terms of such agreement unless the Industrial Court is satisfied that the agreement was in contravention of any of the provisions of the Act or the consent of either party to the agreement was caused by mistake, misrepresentation, fraud, undue influence, coercion or threat.
Relying on section 115A, it is submitted by the appellants, that unless the award is made in pursuance of the settlement under the said section the settlement is inchoate and cannot be said to be effective, in law, prior to the making of the award which was done, in the instant case, between August and September 1974.
It is, therefore, submitted that the additional D.A. can be said to be sanc tioned only under the award which was made admittedly after the appointed day, that is after July 6, 1974.
We are unable to accept this contention.
It is true that an agreement arrived at between the parties during the pendency of an industrial dispute before the Industrial Court has to be placed before that Court.
It is also true that if the Industrial Court is satisfied that certain conditions enumerated in section 115A exist it will not recognise the settlement and dispose of the dispute in accordance with law.
If, however, the conditions enumerated in section 115A do not exist the award "shall be made" in terms of the settlement.
There is No. other option.
In this particular case the settlement was placed before the Industrial Court which ultimately passed the awards in conformity with the terms of the settlement.
We are not required to consider a case where the Industrial Court has not approved of the settlement under section 115A.
Once, therefore, the award is made in terms of the settlement, under section 75 of the Bombay Industrial Rela tions Act, the award shall come into operation on the date specified in the award or where no such date is specified therein on the date on which it is published under section 74.
We are informed that the awards have not yet been published but that should not detain us in this case.
It is common ground that the awards were in terms of the settle ment which had retrospective operation from January 1, 1974.
Since the settlement has merged in the awards the terms of the awards are those specified in the settlement.
It is those dates which 477 are, therefore, specified in the awards and, under section 75 of the Bombay Industrial Relations Act, the awards came into operation with effect from January 1, 1974.
The sanc tion of the awards in such a case is the sanction under the settlement and since the settlement was prior to July 6, 1974, the additional D.A. cannot be said to be sanctioned after the appointed day.
100% of the Ahmedabad Rate of D.A. will be payable to the workers with effect from January 1, 1974 and the sanction for that rise was on 28th June, 1974, the date of the settlement which was prior to the appointed day.
Sanction must have relevance to the reality of the transaction between the parties.
The settlement of 28th June, 1974, makes the increased D.A. of 100% payable with effect from January 1, 1974.
Hence the said rate of in creased D.A. which was payable to the workers between Janu ary 1, 1974 and July 5, 1974, was sanctioned prior to the appointed day.
We have already noted the definition of additional D.A. in section 2(b) which is an integrated definition.
The definition clause has twin components both of which will have to be satisfied in order that a particular amount can be held to.
be additional D.A.
To put it clearly the two components are ( 1 ) additional D.A. is that part of the D.A. which is sanctioned after the appointed day; and (2) which is over and above what was payable immediately before the date from which sanction of the particular rise in D.A. is to take effect.
With regard to the first component any unilateral deci sion to increase the D.A. or a bilateral settlement for its increase, to take only two instances, must take place after the appointed day.
It is manifest that if the sanction is after the appointed day it is then only the question of additional D.A. will arise within the meaning of section 2(b).
Once it is found that the sanction of rise in DA.
is prior to the appointed day, section 2(b) will not at all be attracted.
In that event it will not be necessary even to.
consider the second component of the definition mentioned above.
In the instant case we have already held that the rise in D.A. to 100% of the Ahmedabad Rate of D.A. was sanctioned under the settle ment of 28th June, 1974, that is, before the appointed day.
One of the principal components of the definition clause is, therefore, clearly absent in this case since there is no sanction for any rise in D.A. after the appointed day.
We should observe that this is not a case where Explana tion I to section 2(b) is applicable.
Mr. Singhvi for the appellants submits that in view of the aim and object of the Act the Court should lean in favour of an interpretation advancing the remedy by constru ing the word "sanctioned" in section 2(b) to .mean sanc tioned by the award and not by the settlement.
We have already given our reasons for our inability to accept this submission.
One other reason may be added.
478 The Act recognises agreements and settlements in the same way as awards of Tribunals, vide, section 2(c).
The definition of "additional wages" under section 2(c) clearly points to that.
Any wage revision "whether by or under an agreement or settlement between the parties or any award . "comes within the sweep of the aforesaid defi nition clause.
Agreements and settlements are separately and distinctly mentioned along with awards.
Settlement is a type of sanction recognised under the Act.
There is, there fore, sufficient warrant under the Act to give effect to the sanction by voluntary settlement in respect of D.A. when the same has never been repudiated by any of the concerned parties.
When there is no ambiguity in the word "sanctioned" in section 2(b), recourse to the aim and object of the Act is not even called for in this case.
Both the contentions of the appellants, therefore, fail on the solitary.
ground, namely, that the particular sanc tion of additional D.A. in this case is not after the ap pointed day.
The appeal is dismissed with costs.
P.B .R.
Appeal dismissed.

Summary:
Section 2(b) of the defines additional dearness allowance to mean such dearness allowance as may be sanctioned from time to time after the appointed day, i.e., July 6, 1974 over and above the amount of dearness allowance payable in accordance with the rate in force immediately before the date from which such sanction of additional dearness allowance is to take effect.
Section 6(2) (b) enjoins on the employer the duty to make deductions and to remit to the nominated au thority additional dearness allowance from the emoluments disbursed after the appointed day.
Section 115A of the Bombay Industrial Relations Act, 1946 provides that if any agreement is arrived at between the employer and employees who are parties to an industrial dispute pending before the industrial court, the award in such proceeding shall be made in terms of such agreement, except in certain circumstances stated therein.
As a result of negotiations between the employers and employees a settlement was entered into between the parties on June 28, 1974 enhancing the dearness allowance with retrospective effect from January 1, 1974.
The Indus trial Court before which certain disputes were pending gave the award conformity with the settlement sometime in August September, 1974.
Arrears of dearness allowance were paid after the appointed day.
In a petition under Article 226 of the Constitution by the employees ' Union, the High Court issued a writ re straining the employers from effecting any deduction from the arrears of D.A. payable to the employees on the basis of the settlement and granted certain other reliefs.
In appeal it was contended that since the settlement of June 28, 1974 could not be effective prior to the award made in August September 1974 additional dearness allow ance could be said to be sanctioned only after the award and so the provisions of section 2(b) would be attracted.
Dismissing the appeal HELD: One of the components of cl. 2(b) namely, that the additional dearness allowance is that part of the D.A. which is sanctioned after the appointed day, is absent since there was no sanction for any rise in dearness allowance after the appointed day.
[477 G] (1) According to section 115A of the Bombay Industrial Rela tions Act if the conditions enumerated therein did not exist the award "shall be made" in terms of the settle ment.
Since the settlement in this case had merged in the award, the terms of the award are those specified in the settlement.
The sanction of the award in such a case was the sanction under the settlement and since the settlement was prior to the appointed day, additional dearness allow ance could not be said to be sanctioned after the appoint ed day.
[476 F & H] In the instant case the Industrial Court having passed the award in conformity with the terms of the settlement, the award came into operation on the date specified in it.
(2) Sanction must have relevance to the reality of the transaction between the parties.
Increased dearness allowance payable between January 1, 1974 and July 5, 1974 was sanctioned prior t.o the appointed day.
Once it is found that the sanction was prior to the appointed day, section 2(b) would not be attracted.
[4 (3) From the definition of "additional wages" in section 2(c) it is clear that the Act recognises agreements and settle ments in the same way as awards of Tribunals.
Any wage revision "whether by or under an agreement or settlement between the parties or any award" comes within the sweep of the definition clause.
Agreements and settlements are distinctly mentioned along with awards.
Settlement is a type of sanction recognised under the Act.
There is there fore sufficient warrant under the Act to give effect to the sanction by voluntary settlement in respect of D.A.
When there is no ambiguity in the word "sanctioned" in section 2(b) recourse to the aim and object of the Act is not called for.
[478 A B]