Question: The removal and reservations phase (1829-86) was a part of a policy overseen by what council?

Documents:
source: Federal Indian Policy
text: Federal Indian Policy Federal Indian policy establishes the relationship between the United States Government and the Indian Tribes within its borders. The Constitution gives the federal government primary responsibility for dealing with tribes. Some scholars divide the federal policy toward Indians in six phases: coexistence (1789-1828), removal and reservations (1829–86), assimilation (1887-1932), reorganization (1932–45), termination (1946–60), and self-determination (1961–85).

source: National Council on Indian Opportunity
text: National Council on Indian Opportunity The National Council on Indian Opportunity was an American Indian rights group established by Executive Order 11399 on March 6, 1968, and amended by an act of United States Congress on November 26, 1969. The group's mission was to encourage and oversee the rise of federal programs to benefit the American Indian population, measure the impact and progress of such programs, and suggest ways to improve programs to meet the demands of the American Indian population. The Council was terminated on November 26, 1974, under the provisions of section 2 of the act.

source: De Nederlandsche Bank
text: De Nederlandsche Bank De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB, "The Dutch Bank", sometimes misdescribed as the "Dutch National Bank" to fit the acronym in English) is the central bank of the Netherlands. It is part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) is a public limited company (Dutch: naamloze vennootschap) whose every day policy is overseen by the Governing Board. Being an NV, DNB has a Supervisory Board (Dutch Raad van Commissarissen). In addition, there is an advisory body called the Bank Council (Dutch Bankraad). As a public entity the DNB has a function as both part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and an independent public body (zelfstandig bestuursorgaan).

source: Tax harmonization
text: Tax harmonization Tax harmonization is generally understood as a process of adjusting tax systems of different jurisdictions in the pursuit of a common policy objective. Tax harmonization involves the removal of tax distortions affecting commodity and factor movements in order to bring about a more efficient allocation of resources within an integrated market. Tax harmonization may serve alternative goals, such as equity or stabilization. It also can be subsumed, along with public expenditure harmonization, under the broader concept of fiscal harmonization. Narrowly defined, tax harmonization guided by this policy goal implies — under simplifying assumptions about other policy instruments and economic structure — convergence toward a more uniform effective tax burden on commodities or on factors of production. Convergence may be attained through the alignment of one or several elements that enter the determination of effective tax rates: the statutory tax rate and tax base, and enforcement practices. Perhaps the most widely accepted argument for harmonization involves convergence in the definition of product value or income for tax purposes. Such tax base harmonization would contribute to transparency for economic decision-making and, thus, to improved efficiency in resource allocation. In particular, a common income tax base for multinational companies operating in different jurisdictions would be instrumental not only in enhancing efficiency, but also in preventing overlaps or gaps in tax claims by different countries. Tax harmonization is an important part of the fiscal integration process. Fiscal integration is the process by which a group of countries agree on taking measures that lead to a higher level of fiscal convergence, the ultimate goal being the formation of a fiscal union. Tax harmonization doesn’t automatically lead to the formation of a fiscal union, the second part involving much larger scale project that includes fiscal transfers, a fully harmonized legislation and maybe some supervising institutions, beside a long-run agreement. Starting from the definition given to the fiscal integration process, we can easily say that tax harmonization is the process by which a heterogeneous group of countries, federal states or even local governments agree on setting a minimum and maximum level of their tax rates, including also a higher degree of harmonization of tax legislation, in order to attract foreign investors and to encourage local development and investments.

source: Swanley Town Council
text: Swanley Town Council Swanley Town Council is the town council for Swanley in Sevenoaks, England. It provides a range of services for Swanley including allotments, community events, firework displays, grass maintenance, snow removal, sports facilities and parks. Swanley is divided into 4 wards, each electing between one and six councillors. In the May 2015 election, the Conservatives won 16 seats, losing 3 to defections. The civil parish of Swanley was created in 1955 from neighbouring parishes of Farningham and Sutton at Hone. In 1974 the parish council became a Town Council and included the settlements of Hextable, Swanley Village and the main town of Swanley. In 1988, Hextable was formed into a separate parish council. Up until 1974 it was a part of the Dartford Rural District.

source: Freeway removal
text: Freeway removal Freeway removal is a public policy of urban planning policy to demolish freeways and create mixed-use urban areas, parks, residential, commercial, or other land uses. Such highway removal is often part of a policy to promote smart growth, transit-oriented development, walkable and bicycle-friendly cities. In some cases freeways are retained as less intrusive and expansive boulevards, retained as freeways within tunnels beneath a city, or relocated through less densely-developed areas.

source: National Economic Council (United States)
text: National Economic Council (United States) The National Economic Council (NEC) of the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering economic policy matters, separate from matters relating to domestic policy, which are the domain of the Domestic Policy Council. The council forms part of the Office of White House Policy which contains the National Economic Council and other offices. The Director of the NEC is titled the "Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and Director of the National Economic Council".

source: White House Rural Council
text: White House Rural Council The White House Rural Council is an entity within the Domestic Policy Council of the Executive Office of the President of the United States. The council was formed on June 14, 2012, and is intended to assist low-income residents residing in rural communities as an effort to build on the administrations rural economic strategy by promoting economic prosperity and quality of life. The Council is overseen by the Secretary of Agriculture and the members include the leaders of 25 executive agencies.

source: United States Domestic Policy Council
text: United States Domestic Policy Council The Domestic Policy Council (DPC) of the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering domestic policy matters, excluding economic matters, which are the domain of the National Economic Council. The council forms part of the Office of White House Policy which contains the DPC, the National Economic Council and various subordinate offices, such as the Office of National AIDS Policy. The Director of the DPC is titled the Assistant to the President and Director of the Domestic Policy Council.

source: De-Ba'athification
text: De-Ba'athification De-Ba'athification (Arabic: اجتثاث حزب البعث ‎) refers to a policy undertaken in Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) and subsequent Iraqi governments to remove the Ba'ath Party's influence in the new Iraqi political system. It was considered by the Coalition Provisional Authority to be Iraq's equivalent to Germany's Denazification after World War II. It was first outlined in CPA Order 1 which entered into force on 16 May 2003. The declared that all public sector employees affiliated with the Ba'ath Party were to be removed from their positions and to be banned from any future employment in the public sector. The policy was highly controversial among US academics, institutions, government, military, and international media and debate outlets. The policy under the Coalition Provisional Authority was officially rescinded on 28 June 2004 as part of the transfer of sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government on 30 June 2004. However, elements of the policy continued under the Iraqi Governing Council and later under the elected Iraqi Parliament. Proponents of the policy contend that the policy effectively cleansed Iraqi society of Ba'athist influence, facilitating the creation of a democratic Iraqi government. Critics argue that the policy was not only undemocratic, but also a significant factor in the deteriorating security situation throughout Iraq.

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Answer: National Council on Indian Opportunity