Question: Who was born first, Philip Glass or Arnold Schoenberg?

Documents:
source: Arnold Schoenberg
text: Arnold Schoenberg Arnold Franz Walter Schoenberg or Schönberg ( ; ] ; 13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian composer, music theorist, and painter. He was associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. With the rise of the Nazi Party, Schoenberg's works were labelled degenerate music, because they were modernist, atonal and what even Paul Hindemith called "sonic orgies" and "decadent intellectual efforts". He emigrated to the United States of America in 1934.

source: Philip Glass
text: Philip Glass Philip Morris Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the late 20th century.

source: Piano Concerto (Schoenberg)
text: Piano Concerto (Schoenberg) Arnold Schoenberg's Piano Concerto, Op. 42 (1942) consists of four interconnected movements: Andante (bars 1–175), Molto allegro (bars 176–263), Adagio (bars 264–329), and Giocoso (bars 330–492) . A concerto for piano, the piece features consistent use of the twelve-tone technique and only one tone row ("the language is very systematic, it's the true dodecaphonic Schoenberg" ), though not as strictly as Schoenberg once required. Around 20 minutes long, its first performance was given February 6, 1944 at NBC Orchestra's Radio City Habitat in New York City, by Leopold Stokowski and the NBC Symphony Orchestra, with Eduard Steuermann at the piano .

source: Second Viennese School
text: Second Viennese School The Second Viennese School (German: Zweite Wiener Schule, Neue Wiener Schule ) is the group of composers that comprised Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils and close associates in early 20th century Vienna, where he lived and taught, sporadically, between 1903 and 1925. Their music was initially characterized by late-Romantic expanded tonality and later, following Schoenberg's own evolution, a totally chromatic expressionism without firm tonal centre, often referred to as atonality; and later still, Schoenberg's serial twelve-tone technique. Though this common development took place, it neither followed a common time-line nor a cooperative path. Likewise, it was not a direct result of Schoenberg's teaching—which, as his various published textbooks demonstrate, was highly traditional and conservative. Schoenberg's textbooks also reveal that the Second Viennese School spawned not from the development of his serial method, but rather from the influence of his creative example.

source: Style and Idea (Schoenberg)
text: Style and Idea (Schoenberg) Style and Idea: Selected Writings of Arnold Schoenberg (in German: "Stil und Gedanke") is the name for a published collection of essays, articles and sketches by Arnold Schoenberg, that has appeared in various forms.

source: Arnold Schoenberg Choir
text: Arnold Schoenberg Choir The Arnold Schoenberg Choir (German: "Arnold Schoenberg Chor" ) is a Viennese/Austrian choir which was founded 1972 by Erwin Ortner, who is still its artistic director. The choir has a high reputation both among conductors and among critics and the musical scene in general. All members of the choir have broad experience and expertise in vocal music; most of them have graduated from or are currently studying at the Vienna University of Music and Performing Arts. The choir is named after Viennese composer Arnold Schoenberg.

source: Die Jakobsleiter
text: Die Jakobsleiter Die Jakobsleiter ("Jacob's Ladder") is an oratorio by Arnold Schoenberg that marks his transition from a contextual or free atonality to the twelve-tone technique anticipated in the oratorio's use of hexachords. Though ultimately unfinished by Schoenberg the piece was prepared for performance by Schoenberg student Winfried Zillig at the request of Gertrude Schoenberg.

source: Tara Hugo Sings Philip Glass
text: Tara Hugo Sings Philip Glass Tara Hugo sings Philip Glass is a 2012 album by mezzo-soprano and actress Tara Hugo of songs of composer Philip Glass. The recording project was initiated by Glass himself who asked collaborator and producer Kurt Munkacsi to present pieces that Glass had composed for larger music ensembles as a song recital for small ensemble. The recital album includes songs Glass had composed with or for singers Leonard Cohen (Book of Longing), Natalie Merchant, Mick Jagger and poet Allen Ginsberg. The album also includes new arrangements by Trevor Gureckis of Glass instrumental music set to new lyrics written by Tara Hugo.

source: Schoenberg hexachord
text: Schoenberg hexachord 6-Z44 (012569), known as the Schoenberg hexachord, is Arnold Schoenberg's signature hexachord, as one transposition contains the pitches [A], Es, C, H, B, E, G (A. Schoenberg), E♭ , B, and B♭ being Es, H, and B in German.

source: Die glückliche Hand
text: Die glückliche Hand Die glückliche Hand ("The Hand of Fate"), Op. 18, is a "Drama mit Musik" ("drama with music") by Arnold Schoenberg in four scenes. It was composed between 1910 and 1913. Like "Erwartung", composed a year earlier, it was heavily influenced by Otto Weininger's book "Sex and Character". Unlike "Erwartung", Schoenberg wrote the libretto for "Die glückliche Hand" himself. The first performance took place in Vienna on 24 October 1924. The underlying message of the piece is the idea that man continues to repeatedly make the same mistakes, and the plot is developed from events in Schoenberg’s personal life.

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Answer: Arnold Franz Walter Schoenberg