# Approved Unedited Version

ARMY, MARINE CORPS, NAVY, AIR FORCE
MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES
APPROVED UNEDITED VERSION

## Tmd Ipb Multiservice Procedures For Theater Missile Defense Intelligence Preparation Of The Battlespace

             FM 3-01.16
MCRP 2-3C (formerly MCWP 2-12.1A)
            NTTP 2-01.2
           AFTTP(I) 3-2.36

## February 2001

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

# E R R A T U M To Mcrp 2-3C Multiservice Procedures For Theater Missile Defense Intelligence Preparation Of The Battlespace

1.  Change the publication short title to read "MCRP 2-3C" (vice MCRP 2-12.1A).

PCN 144 000094 81

                    FOREWORD

    This publication has been prepared under our direction for use by our
respective commands and other commands as appropriate.

JOHN N. ABRAMS

                           BRUCE B. KNUTSON, JR.
General, USA

                           Lieutenant  General, USMC
Commander

                           Commanding General
Training and Doctrine Command

                           Marine Corps Combat

                              Development Command

ROBERT G. SPRIGG

                           LANCE L. SMITH
Rear Admiral, USN

                           Major General, USAF
Commander

                           Commander
Navy Warfare Development Command

                           Headquarters Air Force Doctrine Center


## Preface 1. Scope

This multiservice document provides detailed tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs)
for conducting intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB) in support of theater missile defense (TMD) operations.  TMD IPB reduces uncertainties with regard to terrain, weather, and adversary capabilities in order to develop potential adversary courses of action.  The four step IPB methodology detailed in this publication is based on Joint Publication 2-01.3 Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace.

## 2. Purpose

This publication provides the intelligence analyst the tools to support commander and staff planning and decision making at the joint, combined, multiservice, and service levels by providing a systematic, continuous, and common methodology for analyzing the adversary theater missile force.

## 3. Applicability


The target audience for this publication is the intelligence analyst responsible for IPB
development.  It will aid the joint force commander in planning and executing cohesive joint operations against theater missiles throughout the battlespace and be beneficial for sensor employment, collection management, target development and force application.

## 4. Implementation Plan


Participating Service command offices of primary responsibility (OPRs) will review this publication, validate the information, and, where appropriate, reference and incorporate it in Service manuals, regulations, and curricula as follows:
Army.  The Army will incorporate the procedures in this publication in US Army training and doctrinal publications as directed by the Commander, US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).  Distribution is in accordance with DA Form 12-99-R.

Marine Corps.  The Marine Corps will incorporate the procedures in this publication in US Marine Corps training and doctrinal publications as directed by the Commanding General, US Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC).  Distribution is in accordance with MCPDS.

Navy.  The Navy will incorporate these procedures in US Navy training and doctrinal publications as directed by the Commander, Navy Warfare Development Command (NWDC).  Distribution is in accordance with MILSTRIP Desk Guide and NAV SOP Pub 409.

Air Force.  Air Force units will validate and incorporate appropriate procedures in accordance with applicable governing directives.  Distribution is in accordance with AFI
33-360.

## 5. User Information

a.
TRADOC, MCCDC, NWDC, Headquarters Air Force Doctrine Center (HQ AFDC)
and the Air Land Sea Application (ALSA) Center developed this publication with the joint participation of the approving Service commands.  ALSA will review and update this publication as necessary.
b.
This publication reflects current joint and Service doctrine, command and control
organizations, facilities, personnel, responsibilities, and procedures.  Changes in Service protocol, appropriately reflected in joint and Service publications, will likewise be incorporated in revisions to this document.
c.
We encourage recommended changes for improving this publication.  Key your
comments to the specific page and paragraph and provide a rationale for each recommendation.  Send comments and recommendations directly to--

## Army

Commander US Army Training and Doctrine Command ATTN:  ATDO-A Fort Monroe VA 23651-5000 DSN 680-3153 COMM (757) 727-3153


## Marine Corps

Commanding General US Marine Corps Combat Development Command ATTN:  C42 3300 Russell Road Quantico VA 22134-5021 DSN 278-6234  COMM (703) 784-6234


## Navy

Navy Warfare Development Command Doctrine Development Division (Code N5) 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 DSN 948-4201  COMM (401) 841-4201

## Air Force

Headquarters Air Force Doctrine Center ATTN:  DJ 216 Sweeney Boulevard, Suite 109 Langley AFB, VA 23665-2722 DSN 754-8091 COMM (757) 764-8091 E-mail Address:  afdc.dj@langley.af.mil

## Alsa

ALSA Center ATTN:  Director
114 Andrews Street Langley AFB, VA 23665-2785 DSN 575-0902  COMM (757) 225-0902 E-mail:  alsa.director@langley.af.mil

          MCWP 2-12.1A

   NTTP 2-01.2



           AFTTP(I) 3-2.36



FM 3-01.16
US Army Training and Doctrine Command

Fort Monroe, Virginia MCWP 2-12.1A
Marine Corps Combat Development Command

Quantico, Virginia NTTP 2-01.2
Navy Warfare Development Command

Newport, Rhode Island AFTTP(I) 3-2.36
Air Force Doctrine Center

Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama
February 2001
TMD IPB

## Multiservice Procedures For Theater Missile Defense Intelligence Preparation Of The Battlespace Table Of Contents

Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
    ix
Chapter I
Introduction
Scope ........ **I-1** TMD Mission Areas........ **I-2** TMD IPB Overview........ **I-6**
TM Threat Forces........ **I-9**
Phases of TMD Operations ........ **I-13** Who Conducts IPB?........ **I-14**
Chapter II   STEP 1: DEFINE THE BATTLESPACE ENVIRONMENT
What Is It?........ **II-1**
How To Do It For TMD ........ **II-1**
Chapter III  STEP 2: DEFINE THE BATTLESPACE's EFFECTS
What Is It?........ **III-1**
How To Do It For TMD ........ **III-1**
Chapter IV  STEP 3: EVALUATE THE TM FORCE
What Is It?........IV-1
How To Create TM Models ........ IV-1

Doctrinal Templates
 **IV-2**
Chapter V   STEP 4: DETERMINE TM COURSES OF ACTION
What Is It?........V-1
How To Do It ........V-1
APPENDIX A
Common TMD IPB Processes
  A-1
APPENDIX B
SUGGESTED AND SAMPLE TMD IPB Templates
  B-1

APPENDIX C
AUTOMATED TOOLS AND EXAMPLE ARCHITECTURES
  C-1
APPENDIX D
TMD IPB CHECKLIST AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
  D-1

APPENDIX E
TMD IPB INTERNET LINKS

 E-1
FIGURES
I
 Continuous Four Step TMD IPB Process
    ix

I-I
TMD IPB and TMD Operations


  I-7

I-2
Multiple Dimensions of the TM Threat

 I-10

II-1 Step 1 - Define the Battlespace Environment

   II-2

II-2 AO and AOI Assessment Process for TMD  IPB

   II-9

II-3 Composite AOI Assessment Process

II-10

II-4 Potential TM Force Coverage Template

II-11

II-5 Potential TM Force Deployment Area Assessment Template  II-12

II-6 AO and AOI Assessment for TMD Active Defense


Operations Template


II-13


II-7 AO and AOI Assessment for TMD Passive Defense


Operations Template


II-14

II-8 AO and AOI Assessment for TMD Attack Operations


Template


II-15

II-9 Composite AO and AOI Assessment Template

 II-16

II-10 TMD Battlespace Assessment Template

II-17

II-11 Geopolitical and Regional Threat Assessment Template
 II-20

II-12 Adversary TM Force Capabilities Assessment  Template
 II-23

II-13 Major Terrain and LOC Overview Template

II-26

III-1 Step 2 - Define the Battlespace Effects

 III-2

III-2 Adversary TM Force Infrastructure Assessment Process
III-26

III-3 Infrastructure Functional Decomposition Assessment


Template


III-29

IV-1 Step 3 - Evaluate the TM Force

 IV-2

IV-2 TM National Level Organization and C2 Template

  IV-5

IV-3 TM Unit Level Organization and C2 Template

  IV-7

V-1 Step 4 - Determine TM COAs

  V-2

V-2 Adversary TM COA Development Flow Process

   V-3

V-3 Situation Template Concept

V-10

V-4 Event Template Concept

V-15

B-1 TMD IPB Cover Sheet Example

  B-2

B-2 TMD IPB Cover Sheet Template

  B-3

B-3 Command Mission(s) and Objective(s) Summary Template    B-5

B-4 Command Mission(s) and Objective(s) Worksheet Template    B-6

B-5 Command Mission(s) and Guidance Worksheet Template
   B-7

B-6 AO/AOI/Battlespace Assessment Template

  B-8

B-7 Geopolitical and Regional Threat Assessment Template
   B-9

B-8 TM Force General Capabilities Assessment Template
  B-10

B-9 Major Terrain and LOC Overview Template

 B-12

B-10 TMD IPB Holdings, Database, Sources, and Links


Assessment Template

 B-13

B-11 TMD IPB Information Sources Evaluation Template

  B-16

B-12 TMD IPB POC Template

 B-18

B-13 Recommended PIR/EEI/RFI/Other Requirement Request


Worksheet Template

             B-19

B-14 TMD IPB Key Word Search Template

 B-21

B-15 DIA Standardized Functional Category Code Information


Search Template

 B-25

B-16 DIA Standardized Equipment Code Information Search


Template

 B-27

B-17 Feature Class Data to Terrain Analysis Template Cross


Reference Template

 B-36

B-18 Terrain Assessment Checklist and Status Template
  B-41

B-19 TMD IPB Slope Categories Template

 B-42

B-20 Transportation and LOC Legend Symbols

 B-48

B-21 CCM Overlay(s) Worksheet Template

 B-50

B-22 Climatology Assessment Template

 B-52

B-23 Weather Effects on Adversary TM Force Operations


Template

 B-53

B-24 Current/Forecasted Weather Effects on TM Force


Operations Template

 B-54


B-25 TM Force Required Infrastructure Assessment Template
  B-55

B-26 Integrated TM Force Infrastructure List Template

  B-56

B-27 General Facility/Area Assessment Template

 B-58

B-28 Field Operating Area Assessment Template

 B-62

B-29 Area Limitation Worksheet Template

 B-63

B-30 Doctrinal Template Requirements Template

 B-65

B-31 TM Equipment Template

 B-66

B-32 TM Equipment List Template

 B-67

B-33 TM System Ground Vehicle Equipment Template

  B-68

B-34 TM Force Attack Objectives Worksheet Template

  B-69

B-35 TM Unit Functional Doctrinal Template

 B-70

B-36 TM Force Employment Worksheet Template

 B-71

B-37 Time-Pattern Analysis Template

 B-73

B-38 Date-Pattern Analysis Template

 B-74

B-39 TM Operational State Doctrinal Template

 B-75

B-40 TM HVT Relative Value Matrix Template

 B-76

B-41 TM COA Assessment Template

 B-78

B-42 TM COA Situation Matrix Template

 B-79

B-43 NAI and HVT Assessment Template

 B-80

B-44 TM COA Situation/Event Template

 B-82

B-45 TM Event Matrix Template

 B-84

B-46 Recommended Target Nominations and TAI Worksheet


Template

 B-85

C-1 32d AAMDC Brigade G-2 TOC

   C-2

C-2 32d AAMDC External Information Sources

   C-3

C-3 TMD Flight Simplified Organizational Relationships
    C-4

C-4 Physical Layout of the 7th Air Force TMD Intelligence Team     C-5

D-1 TMD IPB Checklist

   D-2

D-2 TMD IPB Development Plan

   D-5 TABLES
I-1  TMD Mission Areas, Objectives, and Associated TMD IPB Requirements

      I-5

I-2
Some Organizations and Intelligence Roles and


Responsibilities in Support of TMD
    I-16

A-1 Matrix of General Sensor Types to Intelligence Advantages


and Disadvantages
    A-7

A-2 Typical Intelligence Reports
  A-11

A-3 Commonly Used Digital/Hardcopy GGI&S Products
  A-17

A-4 Other Vector-Based/Digital GGI&S Products
  A-17

A-5 Other Raster-Based/Hard Copy GGI&S Products
  A-18

A-6 Geospatial Precision and Accuracy Comparisons
  A-23

B-1 Overlays, Doctrinal Templates and GGI&S Products


Supporting Terrain Analysis
  B-32

B-2 Vegetation Type Codes
  B-43

B-3 Unified Soils Classification System and Associated Rating


Cone Index Values
  B-44

B-4 Landforms and Commonly Associated Soils
  B-45

B-5 Lane Widths Typical of Current Military Maps
  B-49

B-6 Urban Area Building Type Codes and Descriptions
  B-49


## Executive Summary Executive Summary Executive Summary Executive Summary

# Tmd Ipb Multiservice Tactics, Techniques And Procedures For Theater Missile Defense Intelligence Preparation Of The Battlespace

## Overview

Theater missile defense (TMD) intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB) is a systematic, continuous process of analyzing the adversary theater missile (TM) force and environment in a specific geographic area and the battlespace around it.  This TMD IPB process helps the commander and staff selectively apply and maximize combat power at critical points in time and space in the battlespace by determining the likely adversary TM force courses of action (COAs) and their associated branches and sequels, and describing the environment within which TM forces are operating.  Applied properly, TMD IPB provides for the timely and effective suppression and/or destruction of a TM force while minimizing the use of friendly assets for the TMD mission.  This provides the commander and staff with a cost-effective method for providing force protection from an adversary's TM force.  A large number of adversary countries possess or are trying to acquire TMs for prestige and/or military purposes.  TMs have the potential to give adversaries military advantages against the United States (US) and allied forces.  The TM threat these adversaries present is a complex multi-dimensional intelligence problem.  The TMD IPB tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) concept decomposes and correlates the "who and what (equipment and units); where (infrastructure); when, why, and how (operations)" to develop potential adversary TM COAs.  Typically TM forces are equipped, organized, trained, and employed differently.  Many of these differences are relatively minor, while some are more

dramatic.  TMD IPB uses templating to standardize the process of analyzing adversary TM
forces.  Templates can be in the form of text, tables, forms, or graphics.  Templates in this TTP are intended to provide a starting framework for analysis and development.  They are not meant to be all encompassing and should be adapted for a particular geographic area or situation.

## Theater Missile Defense Intelligence Preparation Of The Battlespace


TMD IPB is a continuous process, see Figure 1, consisting of four major iterative and parallel steps:

STEP 1: Define the Battlespace Environment (Focus)
STEP 2: Define the Battlespace Effects (Influences) STEP 3: Evaluate the TM Force (Operational Model) STEP 4: Determine TM COAs (Integrate)

## Continuous Four Step Process

STEP 1.   This step focuses the initial intelligence collection efforts and the remaining steps of the TMD IPB process.  It identifies battlespace characteristics requiring in-depth evaluation of their effects on adversary TM force operations, such as terrain, weather, logistical infrastructure, and demographics.  The initial effort is oriented on defining the limits of the area of operations (the geographic region where TM forces operate and/or where TMD operations will be conducted) and area of interest (the area from which information and intelligence are required).  Defining the significant characteristics of the battlespace environment aids in identifying and filling current intelligence data gaps.
STEP 2.  This step evaluates the environment's effect on adversary TM force operations.

This assessment examines terrain, weather, and other battlespace characteristics (i.e. adversary TM force infrastructure) to determine how these characteristics may limit or provide opportunities for TM force operations. The objective is to integrate these effects into a terrain


analysis designating the most probable adversary TM force operations areas.

STEP 3.  This step examines in detail how the adversary TM force normally organizes for combat and conducts operations under ideal conditions.  The evaluation is portrayed in a threat model of the TM force that includes doctrinal templates depicting how the TM force operates when unconstrained by the effects of the battlespace environment.  TM force threat models are depicted graphically (doctrinal templates) supplemented by high value target matrices and simple narratives.

STEP 4.  This step integrates the results of the previous steps into a meaningful conclusion.  Given what the adversary TM force normally prefers to do, and the effects of the environment it is currently operating in, this step attempts to define the likely objectives and COAs available to the TM force.  This is accomplished by creating event templates and matrices focusing on intelligence collection aimed at identifying the COA the TM force will most likely execute.

TMD IPB is a complicated and time-consuming process. Automated intelligence and terrain analysis tools greatly assist this process.  Currently, several core intelligence systems are being developed and fielded which will greatly enhance the TMD IPB process.  Continued emphasis on these current and future automated TMD IPB techniques is essential to more efficiently solve the threat TM problem.  However, equally important is the emphasis placed on development of the intelligence data needed for the TMD IPB.  It is critical to begin the TMD IPB process during the prehostilities phase, with well-developed intelligence databases, in order to successfully impact US and allied TMD operations.

## Program Participants

The following commands and agencies participated in the development of this publication:

## Joint

Ballistic Missile Defense Organization, Pentagon, Washington, D.C. Joint Theater Attack Analysis Center, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, New Mexico Joint Theater Air & Missile Defense Office, Pentagon, Washington, D.C.

## Unified

USSTRATCOM, Joint Intelligence Center, Offutt AFB, Nebraska

## Army

32d Army Air & Missile Defense Command, Fort Bliss, Texas United States Army Intelligence and Security Command, Fort Belvoir, Virginia United States Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca, Fort Huachuca, Arizona

## Marine Corps

Marine Corps Combat Development Command, Quantico, Virginia

## Navy

Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, Virginia Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center, Fallon, Nevada Navy Warfare Development Command (Norfolk Detachment), Norfolk, Virginia PEO-Surface Warfare Combatants, McLean, Virginia

## Air Force

7th Air Force, Osan Air Base, Korea
612 Air Intelligence Squadron, Davis-Monthan AFB, Tucson, Arizona Air Combat Command/XOIP, Langley AFB, Hampton, Virginia Air Combat Command/XOFR, Langley AFB, Hampton, Virginia Headquarters, Air Intelligence Agency/DOOQ, Kelly AFB, San Antonio, Texas

## Other

Anteon Corporation, Arlington, Virginia Pacific-Sierra Research, Arlington, Virginia SPARTA Corporation, Huntsville, Alabama

## Chapter I Background 1.  Scope

This publication gives multiservice tactics, techniques, and procedures (MTTP) for conducting intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB) analysis in support of theater missile defense (TMD) operations.  "Joint theater missile defense is an integral part of counterair operations...[which]...integrates both offensive and defensive operations from all components to counter the air and missile threat" JP 3-01 Joint Doctrine for Countering Air and Missile Threats.  TMD IPB is a systematic and continuous process for analyzing adversary theater missile (TM) capabilities, weather, terrain, and related infrastructure in a specific geographic region to support friendly TMD operations.  Although this MTTP focuses specifically on the manual method of performing IPB, Appendix C lists some supporting automated tools.  This basic TMD IPB methodology is derived from the steps, functions, and the structure established by the United States Army (USA) Field Manual (FM) 2-01.3 (FM 34-130) *Intelligence Preparation Of The Battlefield,* Joint Publication (JP)
2-01.3 *Joint Intelligence Preparation Of The Battlespace,* and JP 3-01.5 Doctrine for Joint Theater Missile Defense.  This document is derived from authoritative and field-tested concepts.  It addresses unique aspects of the TM threat, some of which follow:

a.  Encompass the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war. b.  Operate theater-wide and significantly impact on a wide array of friendly
operations.
c.  Operate non-continuous, non-linear, and asymmetric in time and space and over
large non-linear geographic areas.
d.  Do not require direct contact with friendly forces. e.  Are a highly diversified target system including infrastructure, movement, and
highly mobile tactical target elements.
f.  Move and launch using TM specific unit patterns. g.  Conceal and camouflage easily. h.  Are capable of employing weapons of mass destruction (WMD). i.  Have geopolitical implications.

## 2.  Tmd Mission Areas


Joint TMD is the integration of joint force capabilities to destroy enemy theater missiles in flight or prior to launch or otherwise disrupt the enemy's theater missile operations. This is accomplished through an appropriate mix of mutually supportive command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence activities; active attack operations; active missile defense operations; and passive missile defense operations. TMD incorporates several missions requiring IPB.  Table I-1 shows the correlation between TMD missions and their required TMD IPB.

a. TMD command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I).
Command and control (C2) for joint TMD operations is a commander's exercise of authority and direction over forces assigned joint TMD missions.  Use existing joint and Service C4I
systems and resources to efficiently accomplish C4I for joint TMD missions.  This integrates other operational functions and optimizes the use of scarce resources.  The C4I system links passive defense, active defense, and attack operations to provide timely assessment of the threat (to include IPB); rapid dissemination of tactical warning; and mission assignment, targeting data, and poststrike assessment to the appropriate joint TMD element.  For each operational element, the C4I system must provide rapid communications among intelligence assets, the fusion and decision-making facilities, and the warning and weapon systems, to include a capability for rapid coordination with supporting combatant commanders.  Space assets and information operations are critical to passive defense, active defense, and attack operations because they provide launch warning, launch point prediction, launch point detection, threat type determination, impact point prediction, weapon systems cueing, communications, and related intelligence.  Joint TMD C4I capabilities must support the principles of centralized planning, decentralized execution, and coordinated efforts by forces assigned joint TMD tasks.

b. Attack Operations.  Attack operations are characterized by offensive actions intended to destroy and disrupt adversary TM capabilities before, during, and after launch.  Attack operations prevent TM launch or additional TM launches by attacking critical elements (i.e.

launch platforms, reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition [RSTA] platforms, C2
nodes, missile stocks and infrastructure) of the overall system.  The preferred method of countering adversary TM operations is to attack and destroy or disrupt TMs prior to their launch.  Attack operations can be preemptive or reactive as part of counterair, strategic attack, interdiction, fire support, maneuver, antisubmarine warfare, antisurface warfare, strike warfare, amphibious or special operations.  Attack operations are challenging because TM systems are generally hard to detect and are normally dispersed, mobile, electronically quiet, and redundant.  Thus, the detection, acquisition, identification, tracking, and attack tasks are highly dependent on a near-real-time C4I process and rapid targeting capability.

c.  Active Defense.  The role of active defense operations is to protect selected assets and forces from attack by destroying TM airborne launch platforms and/or TMs in flight.  Active defense must consist of defense in depth against all classes of TMs.  When destruction of the TM launch platform prior to launch is not possible or successful, TMs should be engaged by all means available throughout their entire flight profile.  Defense in depth provides multiple opportunities to negate the TMs with differing capabilities, increases probability of kill, and prohibits the enemy from being able to counter the defensive system with a single technique.  Active defense also includes those actions which mitigate the effectiveness of targeting and delivery systems through electronic warfare (EW) against remote or onboard guidance systems.


d.  Passive Defense.  Passive defense is necessary to provide essential individual and collective protection for friendly forces, population centers, and critical assets.  Passive defense measures should be planned whenever United States (US) forces might face a TM threat.  By examining various combinations of TM warhead accuracy and effects, numbers of available missiles, and the adversary targeting process, the likelihood and timing of an attack may be predicted and passive measures selected for employment before, during, and after a TM attack. e.  Mission Focus.  The different mission areas of TMD require different types of IPB
products.  For instance, the C4I mission requires a focus that addresses the adversary's use of ISR assets and how to counter them.  Attack operations need IPB products that highlight vulnerable nodes in the adversary's TM infrastructure and launch complexes.  Active Defense missions require IPB products that highlight the adversary's targeting process and probable targets.  Passive Defense missions require IPB data on the accuracy of adversary TMs and probable warhead selection.  The intelligence analyst should focus the friendly IPB process to best support the commander's specific TMD mission.

## Table I-1.  Tmd Mission Areas, Objectives, And Associated Tmd Ipb Requirements

Mission Area
Includes
Associated TMD IPB Requirements
TMD C4I
TM probable operating areas               Adversary TM targeting process TM countermeasures                           TM probable targets and target areas TM WMD capabilities                           TM attack timing and numbers TM warhead types                               TM TTPs Threat employment COAs                   Meteorological effects on TM operations TM order of battle                                Adversary knowledge of TMD deployment TM system signatures                         Defense suppression threat capabilities
-
Timely and accurate data and
systems to plan, monitor, direct, control, and report TMD operations
-
Integrated systems of doctrine, organizational structures, facilities, communications, computers, supporting intelligence, and missile warning and cueing by sensors and ground stations
-
OPSEC
Attack Operations
-
Destruction, disruption, or neutralization of TM launch platforms; supporting C3; logistics; and RSTA platforms
TM RDT&E infrastructure                    TM production infrastructure
TM field operating areas                      TM Fixed operational infrastructure
Probable hide sites/launch sites          TM TTPs TM equipment                                      Meteorological effects on TM operations Threat employment COAs                   TM order of battle TM system signatures                         TM WMD infrastructure Air defenses supporting TMs TM system C2 nodes
Active Defense
-
Multi-tiered defense in-depth via multiple engagements using land, sea, air, space, and special operations forces
-
Active EW to disrupt remote or onboard guidance systems
-
Information Operations
TM probable operating areas              Adversary TM targeting process Probable TM targets                            TM attack timing and numbers TM flight characteristics                       TM countermeasures TM WMD capabilities                           TM warhead types Threat employment COAs                    Meteorological effects on TM operations TM order of battle                                 Adversary knowledge of TMD deployment Defense suppression threat capabilities
Passive Defense
TM time of flight                                   Adversary TM targeting process TM accuracy                                        TM probable targets and target areas TM order of battle                                TM attack timing and numbers TM WMD capabilities                          Threat employment COAs TM warhead types and effects Meteorological effects

-
Deception
-
NBC protection
-
TM early warning
-
EW
-
OPSEC
-
Countersurveillance
-
Recovery and reconstitution
-
Camouflage and concealment
-
Mobility, dispersal, and hardening
"If I always appear prepared, it is because before entering on an undertaking, I have meditated for long and foreseen what may occur."

## 3.  Tmd Ipb Overview


a.  What is TMD IPB?  TMD IPB is a systematic, continuous process of analyzing the adversary TM force and environment in a specific geographic area.  The process is designed to support planning and decision-making by commanders and staffs.  It allows them to selectively apply and maximize combat power at critical points in the battlespace.


b.  What are the Objectives of TMD IPB?  TMD IPB identifies facts and assumptions about the battlespace environment and the TM threat.  TMD IPB determines likely TM
courses of action (COAs), their associated branches and sequels, and describes the operating environment for TM operations.  This supports commander and staff planning, and the development of friendly COAs.  TMD IPB provides the basis for intelligence collection, synchronization, and  target development to support the commander's chosen COA. (Figure I-1).


c.  TMD IPB contains four major iterative and parallel steps:
Step 1 - Define the battlespace environment.
Step 2 - Define the battlespace effects.
Step 3 - Evaluate the TM force. Step 4 - Determine TM COAs.


(1)  Step 1 - Define the Battlespace Environment.  Step 1 focuses the command's initial intelligence collection efforts and the remaining TMD IPB steps.  To focus the remaining steps, the analyst should identify the battlespace characteristics affecting TM force operations.  Generally, these characteristics include terrain, weather, lines of communications (LOCs), infrastructure, and demographics.  To limit the analytical and intelligence collection efforts to the geographic areas significant to the command's mission, the Joint Force Commander (JFC) will establish the limits of the area of operations (AO) and the area of interest (AOI) for the TMD IPB process.  The AO and AOI limits are dynamic and based on the location and characteristics of the battlespace influencing the operation.  Defining the significant characteristics of the battlespace environment aids in identifying gaps in current intelligence holdings and the specific intelligence required to fill them.  Similarly, the TMD IPB identifies gaps in the analyst's knowledge of the TM force and its current situation.  Once approved by the commander, the specific intelligence required to fill gaps in information regarding the battlespace environment and adversary TM force disposition becomes the commander's TMD priority intelligence requirements.


(2)  Step 2 - Define the Battlespace's Effects.  Step 2 evaluates environmental effects impacting adversary TM forces.  The analysis performed in this step examines terrain, weather, and other battlespace characteristics (i.e. the adversary's use of the electromagnetic spectrum and their TM force infrastructure) to determine how these characteristics may limit or provide opportunities for TM force operations.  The objective is to integrate these effects into an analysis that designates the most probable adversary TM force operating areas. This integrated analysis provides key pieces of information for evaluating COAs by focusing on how the environment impacts on TM capabilities.

(3)  Step 3 - Evaluate the TM Force.  In Step 3, TMD IPB focuses in detail on how the TM force normally organizes for combat and conducts operations under ideal conditions. When facing a well-known adversary, the TMD IPB process can rely on historical databases and well developed threat models.  When operating against a new, changing, or less wellknown adversary, the analyst may need to develop intelligence databases and threat models concurrently.  The TM force evaluation is portrayed in a threat model that includes doctrinal templates depicting how the TM force operates when unconstrained by battlespace environmental effects.  Threat models are depicted graphically (doctrinal templates) supplemented by high value target matrices and simple narratives.

(4)  Step 4 - Determine TM COAs.  Step 4 integrates the results of the previous steps into a meaningful conclusion.  Given what the TM force normally prefers to do, and the effects of the specific environment in which it is now operating, this step assesses adversary objectives and available TM COAs.  In addition, step 4 includes preparation of event templates and matrices that focus intelligence collection on identifying which COA the TM force will execute for each phase of operations.  The TM COA models developed in Step 4 are the products that the command staff will use to portray the TM force in their decision making and force management processes.  These models can only be produced effectively if a good foundation has been established during the first three steps of the TMD IPB process.

## 4.  Tm Threat Forces


a.  The TM Threat.  The TM threat is a complex multi-dimensional intelligence problem, as illustrated in Figure I-2.  TMD IPB aims to decompose and correlate the "who, what (equipment and units), where (infrastructure), when, why, and how (operations)" in order to develop potential TM COAs for the operational planning process.  Each TM force is equipped, organized, trained, and employed with various degrees of difference.  Many of these differences are relatively minor, while some are more dramatic.  TMD IPB encompasses all dimensions of the threat.  Due to the gravity of the TM threat, TMD IPB focuses on developing this information to allow for the best possible choice of friendly COAs.


b.  TM Systems.  There are a wide range of TMs currently deployed and available to adversary countries.  JP 3-01 *Joint Doctrine for Countering Air and Missile Threats* defines the following major categories as:


                    (1)  Theater ballistic missiles (TBMs) with range capabilities of less than or equal to

3,500 kilometers (km).


                          (a)  Short range ballistic missiles (SRBMs) with range capabilities of less than or

equal to 1,000 km.

10


                 (b)  Medium range ballistic missiles (MRBMs) with range capabilities between

1,000 and 3,000 km.



(c)  Intermediate range ballistic missiles with range capabilities between 3,000
and 3,500 km.



(d)  Sea-launched ballistic missiles with range capabilities of less than or equal to
3,500 km.



(2)  Cruise Missiles (CM).

  (a)  Land attack cruise missiles including sea, underwater, air, and land launched types.


(b)  Antiship cruise missiles (ASCMs) including sea, underwater, air, and land
launched types.


(3)  Air-to-surface missiles (ASMs) or tactical air-to-surface missiles (TASM).  ASM
as defined in JP 3-01 excludes short-range, non-nuclear, direct fire missiles, bombs, rockets such as Maverick or wire-guided missiles.  This definition does not adequately define the boundaries of what should be or should not be considered when addressing ASMs.  To provide boundaries, this MTTP will exclude ASMs with less than a 30-km range capability. c.  TMD IPB Focus. The examples used in this MTTP focus on the TBM threat.  This focus is based on the inherent complexities involved in TBM operations.  In short, there are more steps involved in launching a TBM vice launching a CM or ASM.  By using the TBM threat as an example, this MTTP attempts to provide a more complete TMD IPB methodology. This focus does not imply a lesser importance to the CM or ASM threat. These systems are, and will continue to be, a credible threat to friendly operations. However, the methodology for conducting IPB against a ground-launched CM threat is sufficiently similar to the IPB against a TBM threat that the procedures described are applicable for either system.  The IPB against a sea-launched cruise missile, an airlaunched cruise missile, or an ASM is sufficiently different in that it is much more platform-centric.  In these cases, the focus of the IPB is more on the launch platform and the different environments in which they operate. With these systems, the IPB process must focus on the physical maritime and air battlespace environments.  These system specific differences are discussed further in Chapter III.

d.  Deployed TM Systems.  Technologically, TM systems span a spectrum of sophistication which has direct implications for the IPB process.

(1)  The most widely deployed TMs today are systems with technologies (guidance and control (G&C), liquid-propellant propulsion, and airframe) dating from the 1940s through the 1960s.  Operationally, the surface-to-surface missile system (SCUD) TBMs and SILKWORM ASCMs representative of this class are the most widely deployed and continue to be improved and proliferated.  They are manpower and equipment intensive when compared to modern systems.

(2)  Advanced TM systems are currently deployed in fewer numbers and include solid-propellant propulsion, improved G&C with digital flight computers and global positioning systems, improved airframe, and modern ground support equipment (GSE) technologies.  These more modern technologies result in improved quick reaction times, accuracy, lethality, and a need for less support vehicles and operational support. Operationally these systems require significantly less manpower and integrate automation in erector-launchers and other GSE.  Although limited in number, these systems pose a growing threat to TMD operations.

12

## 5.  Phases Of Tmd Operations

US military operations can be broken into five major phases: prehostilities, lodgment, decisive combat and stabilization, follow-through, and posthostilities and redeployment.

a.  Prehostilities Phase.  The prehostilities phase encompasses normal day-to-day peacetime operations and offers the highest leverage for TMD IPB preparation.  During this phase, TMD IPB development can draw upon the distributed production assets of the intelligence community (national, theater and service organizations), which have the responsibility for providing the key data needed for TMD IPB development.  To optimize the value of these sources, the analyst should begin TMD IPB development as early as possible and continually refine to provide as much depth as possible given available intelligence data.

b.  Lodgment Phase.  The lodgment phase involves the movement and buildup of a decisive combat force in the operational area.  It may include initial strikes from outside the theater as well as holding or defensive actions from units already in-theater.  During this phase, TMD IPB plays an important role in TMD deployments, initial planning for TMD attack operations, options for passive defense, and overall command COA development to mitigate the effects of an adversary's TMs.  Joint or component level units assigned TMD IPB responsibilities should acquire as much TMD IPB data as possible prior to deployment. Links should be established with appropriate national intelligence organizations to provide support to TMD intelligence operations as required.

c.  Decisive Combat and Stabilization Phase.  This phase initially focuses on the continuing rapid buildup of joint force capabilities.  The goal is to deter hostilities, but if deterrence fails, to conduct decisive combat operations. In this phase the TMD IPB should
13
be updated and refined based on observed and anticipated adversary combat operations and used to plan and execute active defense operations, attack operations, and passive defense measures.

d.  Follow-Through Phase.  The follow-through phase aims to bring the conflict to a successful conclusion.  In this phase, TMD IPB will be updated based on observed adversary combat operations.  TMD IPB will be used to optimize active defense deployments, attack operations, passive defense, and the command's COAs.

e.  Posthostilities and Redeployment Phase.  This phase includes closing the campaign with a coordinated withdrawal while maintaining theater integrity.  TMD IPB will again be updated based on observed adversary combat operations and used to establish posthostility defensive COAs.

## 6.  Who Conducts Ipb?


a.  Organizational Roles and Responsibilities.  Many organizations have the role and responsibility to support the integrated TMD IPB effort; Table I-2 lists some of these from the National Command Authorities (NCA) through the execution level.  One important aspect not depicted in the table is the essential relationship between the intelligence and operations staffs.  That relationship must be two-way for the TMD IPB process to work properly.  It is essential that the intelligence staff understand the current operations situation and plan in order to facilitate a smooth and efficient TMD IPB.  It is also essential that the intelligence staff performing the TMD IPB function adequately conveys the TMD IPB information to the operations staff in a timely manner.  In essence neither operations nor intelligence can function properly without each other.  Team work is essential for TMD
IPB and TMD to succeed.

## Some Organizations And Intelligence Roles And Responsibilities In Support Of Tmd

| Organization                                         | Subordinated To                                      | Roles and Responsibilities in Support of TMD        |
|------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| National Level                                       |                                                      |                                                     |
| DIA                                                  | NCA                                                  | General military intelligence                       |
| NSA                                                  | NCA                                                  | SIGINT and ELINT                                    |
| CIA                                                  | NCA                                                  | General military intelligence                       |
| Central MASINT Office                                | DIA                                                  | MASINT                                              |
| USAF Director ISR                                    | USAF/Deputy Chief of Staff Air                       |                                                     |
| and Space Operations                                 |                                                      |                                                     |
| General military intelligence on threat TM forces    |                                                      |                                                     |
| USA Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence           | Chief of Staff USA                                   | General military intelligence                       |
| USN Chief of Naval Intelligence                      | Chief of Naval Operations                            | General military intelligence                       |
| USMC Assistant Chief of Staff C                      |                                                      |                                                     |
| 4                                                    |                                                      |                                                     |
| I                                                    | Commandant of the USMC                               | General military intelligence                       |
| Joint Information Operations Center                  | US Space Command                                     | Information operations                              |
| US Strategic Command JIC                             | CINC Strategic Command                               | General military intelligence on ballistic missiles |
| US Space Command CINC NORAD J2                       | US Space Command CINC                                |                                                     |
| NORAD                                                |                                                      |                                                     |
| TBM indications and warnings                         |                                                      |                                                     |
| MSIC                                                 | DIA                                                  | DIA executive agent for TMD IPB, S&TI on SRBMs      |
| and air defense systems                              |                                                      |                                                     |
| NAIC                                                 | USAF                                                 | S&TI on M/IRBMs, aircraft, and cruise missiles      |
| NGIC                                                 | USA Deputy Chief of Staff for                        |                                                     |
| Intelligence                                         |                                                      |                                                     |
| S&TI on ground systems, ELs, and GSE                 |                                                      |                                                     |
| Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center             | DIA                                                  | S&TI on CBW                                         |
| Office of Naval Intelligence                         | Chief of Naval Operations                            | S&TI on SLBMs, ships, and ASCMs                     |
| NIMA                                                 | NCA                                                  | Overhead intelligence collection & MC&G support     |
| Defense Special Missile and Astronautics Center  DIA | Foreign Missile/Space Activity Indications & Warning |                                                     |
| Department of State Intelligence                     | Secretary of State                                   | Arms control and political considerations           |
|                                                      | Theater Level                                        |                                                     |
|                                                      |                                                      |                                                     |
| National Military JIC                                | NCA                                                  | National level intelligence point of entry for JTF  |
| J-2 & JISE                                           | Combatant Command CINC                               | The CINC's immediate intelligence staff             |
| JTF J-2 and JISE                                     | JFC                                                  | The JFC's immediate intelligence staff              |
| NIST                                                 | JFC and NMJIC                                        | National level augmentation to JTF J-2 & JISE       |
| USAF Theater Intelligence Elements                   | JFC and Air Force Forces                             | USAF theater intelligence elements                  |
| USA Theater Intelligence Elements                    | JFC and army Forces                                  | USA theater intelligence elements                   |
| USN Theater Intelligence Elements                    | JFC and Navy Forces                                  | USN theater intelligence elements                   |
| USMC Theater Intelligence Elements                   | JFC and Marine Forces                                | USMC theater intelligence elements                  |

## Chapter Ii Step 1: Define The Battlespace Environment 1.  What Is It?


a.  Definition.  Step 1 of the TMD IPB process identifies for further analysis specific features of the environment or activities within it that affect the battlespace for both adversary and friendly operations.

## B.  Desired End Effect.

(1) Focus the IPB effort on the battlespace areas and characteristics that influence the command's mission.

(2) Acquire the intelligence needed to complete the TMD IPB process to the degree of detail required to support the decision-making process.

(3) Save time and effort by focusing only on those areas and features that influence TMD operations.  Information must be to a level of detail required to support the command's decision making process.

## 2.  How To Do It For Tmd


The primary sub-steps are shown in Figure II-I.  The products are a series of templates used to direct, focus, and feed the analytical efforts of Steps 2, 3, and 4 with intelligence data/information.

a.  Step 1.1 - Analyze the Command's Mission in Relation to TMD.  The TM mission is determined by understanding provided objectives and guidance.  Objectives and guidance identify what is to be achieved and under what conditions and parameters.  This is an important stage in the TMD IPB process.  Without a clear understanding of what is to be achieved, it is impossible to achieve efficient TMD IPB development.  Objectives and guidance begin at the national level as broad concepts and should end as short-term, welldefined mission objectives at the appropriate command level.

(1)  Objectives.  An objective must be understandable, attainable, measurable, and allow room for a solution.  It defines the specific TMD IPB problems to be solved.  When possible, identify the specific starting and ending times for the objective as knowledge of the timing is critical to providing TMD IPB support.  If possible, estimate a latest time

## Iiiii----2222

information is of value (LTIOV).  This is the time by which information about the objective must be delivered in order to provide decision makers with timely intelligence.  Another significant part of an objective is identifying the area in which to affect the adversary activity.  This information narrows the geographical scope and simplifies the TMD IPB analysts job.


(a) Relationship of Objectives.  The three broad levels of objectives are national, theater, and component.  The objective levels are intertwined and each successive level down becomes more detailed and specific.  The component commander's objectives are based on the objectives set by the theater commander, the assigned mission(s), the resources available, adversary characteristics, and the military characteristics of the AO. Components normally supplement operation and contingency plans.  The theater commander sets objectives for the theater of operations, which are contingent upon the national objectives.  Operation/contingency plans normally specify the command objectives, commander's concept of operations, the threat, and forces available.  The NCA is responsible for setting the very broad national objectives, which generally outline the overall desired outcome of the campaign.  There should be no conflicting objectives among the levels and the TMD IPB developers must be cognizant of all objectives.

(b)  Objectives Template.  A simple questionnaire worksheet can provide a template for evaluating and recording mission objectives.  Once a complete set of objectives is defined, summarize them in a list form.  First develop the objectives for the command's overall mission if not already obtained from higher headquarters.  Next evaluate TMD specific mission objectives.  See Figure B-3  for suggested template examples of an objectives summary template and Figure B-4 for an objectives worksheet template.  The objectives worksheet template should be completed for each identified objective.


(2)  Guidance.  Guidance provides the framework to achieve the objectives and establishes the force employment scope and restrictions.

(a) Types.  The law of armed conflict (LOAC) (also referred to as "law of armed war") is that portion of international law that regulates the conduct of armed hostilities. The LOAC includes treaties, conventions, international agreements and customary international law.  The US is legally bound by those treaties, conventions and international agreements which it has ratified, as well as applicable customary international law.  Rules of engagement (ROE) are directives issued by competent military authority which delineate the circumstances and limitations under which US forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered.  The ROE can change within each conflict, based on directives issued by competent military authority.


                 (b) Command Guidance.  Command guidance comes in many forms and can

entail a broad range of subjects, from approved tactics for active TMD to proper behavior in local establishments.  A template for recording the command's mission and TMD mission guidance is at Figure B-5.  List each of the identified command guidance, ROE, and applicable LOAC on the worksheet and describe each in as much detail as needed.

Objectives and guidance are the cornerstones of the TMD IPB process.  They guide the four major steps of the TMD IPB process and should be clear and well defined.  Once developed, theater and command objectives need to be constantly reviewed to assure they accurately reflect the current command TMD mission.  Everyone involved in the TMD IPB process should fully understand the commander's objectives and guidance or request IIII----4444
further clarification.  A starting point for receiving and assessing the commander's objectives and guidance are the following:

-
Operations Plan (OPLAN).
-
Operations Order (OPORD).
-
Warning Order.
-
Alert Order/Deploy Order.
-
Planning Order.
-
Air Tasking Order/Integrated Tasking Order.
-
Fragmentary Order.
-
Operation Plan in Concept Format (CONPLAN).
-
Concept of Operations (CONOPS).
-
Time-Phased Force and Deployment List.
-
Defended Asset List (DAL).
-
Standing ROEs.


b.  Step 1.2 Identify the Limits of the AO, AOI and Battlespace for the TMD IPB
Process.  To assist in the coordination and deconfliction of joint action, JFC's may define operational or joint areas.  For operations limited in scope (such as TMD) geographic combatant commanders can designate operational areas such as joint operation areas, joint special operations areas (JSOAs), joint rear areas (JRAs), amphibious objective areas, or areas of operations (AOs).  An AO is the geographical area where a commander is assigned the responsibility and authority to conduct military operations.  An AOI is based on operational factors and the command's concept of operations, as defined by higher headquarters.   The intelligence cell recommends the AOI to the commander based on IPB.


(1) AO for TMD IPB.  To save time and focus the IPB effort on the areas and characteristics of the battlespace that most directly affect the command's mission, the intelligence analyst will limit his analysis to the geographical areas supporting troops and capabilities that can influence TMD operations.  This publication refers to that geographical area as the AO.  AOs for TMD IPB are those geographical regions analysts use to define missile threat envelopes, the locations where TM forces operate and/or where TMD operations will be conducted.  **Note:** The Army and Marine Corps use the term area of operations (AO) in their IPB manual [FM 2-01.3/MCRP 2-12A] whereas the Air Force uses operational area (OA) in their IPB pamphlet.  For the purpose of TMD IPB, these terms are analogous.  Both references define these terms as "that portion of an area of conflict necessary for military operations".  This MTTP uses the term AO; however, the definition differs from that in JP 1-02.  The use of AO in this MTTP does not infer that a specified AO commander, as defined in JP 1-02, has responsibility and authority for TMD operations, nor does it limit the size of the geographical area or limit it to only naval or land commanders. This term only defines a geographical area necessary to focus the IPB process for the intelligence analyst.  The AO for TMD IPB is usually limited by the maximum attack depth of the commander's available TMD attack operations assets. The evaluation of the battlespace's effects in the AO is generally more thorough and detailed than it is within the AOI.  The AO for TMD IPB is derived from the DAL, OPLAN, OPORD, CONPLAN, and/or CONOPS.  Remember that the DAL requires an analysis, which includes several IPB products, of the adversary's targeting strategy.  Generally, the DAL is established based upon what the friendly commander wants to protect; which may leave possible targets unprotected.

(2)  AOI for TMD IPB.  The TM operations battlespace defines the AOI for TMD IPB.
To plan and successfully conduct the TMD mission, AOI information and intelligence are required.  The limits of the TMD composite AOI are based on the ability of the adversary to project power or move TM forces into the AO .  Geographical locations of other activities (for example terrorists) or characteristics of the environment  which might influence COAs or the commander's decisions are also considered.  Since the limits of the TMD composite AOI are based on threats to mission accomplishment rather than strictly terrain considerations, they might cross into other countries.  For example, if political developments in a neutral country might influence the accomplishment of the command's mission, that country should be included in the TMD composite AOI.  Likewise, if another country provides a base of support for the adversary country's TM force, it should be included within the TMD composite AOI.  The following templates should be created for defining the  AOs and AOIs for TMD IPB:

-
Potential TM Force Coverage.
-
Potential TM Force Deployment Area(s).
-
TMD Active Defense AO and AOI Template.
-
TMD Passive Defense AO and AOI Template.
-
TMD Attack Operations AO and AOI Template.
-
      Composite  AO and AOI Template.
Two basic considerations the TMD IPB analyst should keep in mind are:

-
Division of AO and AOI templates into multiple sets.
-
Knowledge of TM force infrastructure data.
Depending upon the situation it may be beneficial to divide the AO templates into multiple areas based upon TM force weapon system category.  For example, there are significant differences between TBMs and ASCMs.  In most cases, it is better to build a set of AO templates for TBMs and another set of AO templates for ASCMs.  Some countries have many more SRBMs than MRBMs.  This is a case when due to the differences between missiles, separate AO templates may again be better.  Each situation is different and the TMD IPB analyst will have to use his or her best judgement in determining how to divide the AO templates.  One final consideration is the extent of knowledge of the adversary TM force infrastructure data.  If the TM force operating areas are unknown then assume that the TM force (air, land, or sea-based) can operate from any part of the adversary's battlespace.  This can include occupied portions of neighboring countries such as Kuwait for Iraq during the Gulf War of 1991.

(3)  TMD Battlespace.  The AO and AOI are geographic areas that can be defined not only in three dimensions (height, width, and depth), but in other dimensions as well.  In determining other dimensions of the TMD battlespace, the TMD intelligence function must move beyond addressing only the concrete, physical aspects of the geographic environment. The TMD battlespace includes all elements of the environment that are relevant to the command's TMD mission.  The TMD force's use of the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g. - radios and radars); the capabilities of the TMD force to use satellites for communications and intelligence gathering; and TMD force information systems capabilities and vulnerabilities, both inside and outside the TMD IPB AO, are examples of other
IIII----8888
environment elements that must be considered when determining the dimensions of the command's TMD battlespace.  Figure II-2 and Figure II-3 provide the basic processes for assessing the AO/AOI for TMD IPB.  Using these processes, Figures II-4 through Figure II- 10 provide illustrative examples of assessing the  AO, AOI, and battlespace for TMD IPB (See Figures B-6 through B-9 for correlating blank templates).

## Tmd Ao And Aoi Assessment Process

Notes: If operating areas are unknown, use adversary country border(s) to calculate active defense TMD AO. For any of the templates the AOs can be divided into multiple areas. For example, the active TMD AO can be subdivided into a SRBM applicable AO and an MRBM applicable AO. This can be useful to highlight parts of an AO based on weapon systems with significantly different capabilities. Anothergood example would be to separate out different classes of TM weapon systems from each other, such as TBMs from ASCMs.

Plot
passive defense
AOs and AOIs
Plot
active defense
AOs and AOIs
Plot
attack operations
AOs and AOIs
Identify other geographic areas of the adversary country and occupied territory currently not
part of the TMD AOs which could support the development
and maintenance of the adversary's TM force
If possible, identify activities
and locations within these
countries providing the
support and plot its locations
Identify other countries currently not
part of the TMD AOs which may be
supporting the development and
maintenance of the adversary's TM force
If possible, identify activities
and locations within these
countries providing the
support and plot its locations
Identify other countries currently not part
of the TMD AOs which are currently
neutral but may become hostile or
support the adversary in the future
Identify friendly and neutral countries
currently not part of the TMD AOs
which the adversary may threaten with
TM forces to influence the TMD Aos
If possible, identify activities
and locations within these
countries which the adversary
would target with its TM
force and plot their locations

Note: Gross identifications of areas may be required. This may result from a less than complete understanding of factors influencing the TMD AO. For example, other areas within an adversary's occupied territory capable of supporting TM force operations should be analyzed as well as the legitimate areas of the adversary country. Another example, outside influences may be entire countries, but if particular targets, development facilities and activities, production facilities and activities, ports of departure, and LOCs can be identified they should be plotted..

Notes:
1
     Patrol Boat, Guided Missile (PGM) operating area is known.
2
     SLCM operating area is known.
3
     TBM and ARM operating areas are unknown.
4
     TBM and ARM range arcs are based on forward range arcs from the borders of the combined territory of RED and GRAY.
5
     ARM coverage is based on a maximum launch range of 400 km for the Su-24 FENCER and an additional 100 km for the AS-17 after launch. The combined
range coverage is 500 km.

12
Notes:
1
Reverse range arcs are from the BLUE country border and represent the maximum potential deployment areas.

2
GRAY is currently occupied by RED forces and has to be considered as a potential area for deployment of RED forces. The potential ARM deployment area includes all airfields capable of supporting Su-24 FENCER operations within the shaded area.

13

## Ao And Aoi Assessment For Tmd Active Defense Operations

Dashed lines represent nominal interceptor coverages
2
Solid lines represent nominal radar coverage
14

## Ao And Aoi Assessment For Tmd Passive Defense Operations

Notes:
1
Passive defense AOs are points or small areas represented by the passive defense AO symbology.

2
There are no passive defense AOIs.  An example of a passive defense AOI is potential adversary targets or DAL targets outside of the current command AO.  A specific DESERT STORM example is potential Iraqi targets within Israel prior to Iraq launching its first TBMs at Israel, which then became part of the passive defense AO.

15

## Ao And Aoi Assessment For Tmd Attack Operations

Notes:
1
Given the capabilities of US aircraft to approach targets from all aspects and at any range, the entire countries of RED and GRAY are considered an AOI for attack operations. 2
Only the targets and RED TM force operating areas are considered as the attack operations AO.

3
 Given the capabilities of US aircraft to approach targets from all aspects and at any range, ingress and egress routes/areas are not considered as part of  the attack operations AO.

16
1.

The country YELLOW is contained in the composite AOI because YELLOW is supplying RED with complete TM systems and production capabilities.

The whole country represents an AOI while the small circles denote identified facilities within YELLOW known to be supporting RED.

17
REDcommunicationssatellitehasnostore-dumporEPcapabilities. The RED imagery satellite makes 4 passes over the AO every five days with a west to east ground track walk. The RED imagery satellite has a best GHz and only downlinks within LOS of the RED downlink site which requires 2 to 5 minutes for acquisition and 15 to 25 minutes for image transfer. The REDimagerysatellitehasnostore-dumpcapability.


c.  Step 1.3 - Determine the Significant Environmental Characteristics of the AO.
Battlespace characteristics that affect the commander's decisions or the available command or adversary COAs are of special significance in the TMD IPB process.  For TM operations these include:

-
Geopolitical and regional threat assessment.
-
General TM force capabilities.
-
Adversary active defense suppression threat assessment.
-
Major terrain and environment.
-
Major LOCs.

(1)  Geopolitical and Regional Threat Assessment.  An assessment of the geopolitical and regional situation (See Figure II-11) is useful in developing a framework in which TMs will likely be employed.  This definition should address national security goals, regional factors, and relations with the US and allies and be condensed into short bulletized statements.  Use the theater level IPB, military capabilities study (MCS), and Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) as sources and supplement as appropriate where gaps exist.

(2)  TM Force General Capabilities.  A general understanding of the TM force's capabilities helps orient the TMD IPB process.  To develop an understanding, determine, at a minimum, the following TM force parameters:

-
TM role/missions/targeting.
-
Historical use.

20

## Geopolitical And Regional Threat Assessment Adversary National Security Goals And Desired End State

-  Ensure survival of current political regime
-  Limit foreign, primarily US and Allies, influence in the region

Adversary Regional Strategic Vulnerabilities

-  RED has a weak, but stable economy -  RED has a long- standing dispute with GRAY over border, claims GRAY is their fourth province -  RED has engaged in armed conflict with GRAY twice and BLUE once within the last 50 years -  YELLOW has sold 250 TBMs to RED over the last five years -  YELLOW is assisting RED in establishing a TBM production capability -  YELLOW has sold 150 ASCMs to RED over the last two years
YELLOW has sold an additional 100 ASCMs to RED for delivery over the next three years
-

Principal Strategic and Operational Objectives

-   Absorb GRAY into RED -   Dominate BLUE -   Deter perceived GRAY and BLUE aggressions

Intent and Strategic Concept of Operations

-   RED views US economic and military aid to GRAY and BLUE as a direct threat to RED's national security -   RED views strong US and Blue economic ties as a threat to RED economic security -   Annex GRAY through military invasion -   Force the removal of US and allied forces in the region through the annexation of GRAY and military intimidation of BLUE
-   Dominate BLUE through the continued intimidation of BLUE
Notes:
21

-
Order of battle (OB) data.
-
Missile and launcher types and numbers.
-
WMD capabilities and numbers.
-
Known or potential mobile (i.e. field operating areas) and fixed TM
infrastructures, (i.e. research, development, test and evaluation [RDT&E], production and operational garrisons/storage).

-
Performance data (i.e. basic flight trajectory and accuracy and lethality data)
Examine each characteristic in general terms to identify those of significance to the command and mission.  Further evaluation of characteristic effects occurs later in the process.  Figure II-12 provides an example template.

 (3)  TM Force Active Defense Suppression Capabilities Assessment.  Assessing the adversary's intent and capability to suppress active TMD operations provides valuable inputs to active TMD operations and security planning.  Consider the following information when doing this assessment (See template at Figure II-12):

-
Historical use of suppression against theater air and missile defenses.
-
Distinction between theater air defense and TMD.
-
Motivation and intent to suppress active TMD operations.
-
Capability to suppress TMD operations.
-
TMs to suppress TMD operations.
-
TM tactics to penetrate active TMD operations.
22

-
TMs configured with penetration aids (signature reduction, decoys, jammers,
etc.).
-
Aircraft to suppress active TMD operations.
-
ASCMs to suppress ship-based TMD elements.
-
Antiradiation missiles and/or electronic combat to suppress TMD radar and C4I
elements.
-
WMD, special operations forces, terrorist and insurgent forces, combined arms
tactics, and/or conventional ground and naval forces (artillery, armor, infantry, naval surface warfare, underwater warfare, etc.) to suppress TMD operations.
-
Capabilities to locate TMD assets for suppression.

(4)  Major Terrain and Environment.  An understanding of the general terrain environment is gained by completing TMD IPB step 1.  For TMD IPB steps 1 and 2, review and update the current hard copy, digital global geospatial information and services (GGI&S) data bases, and imagery.  The National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), a primary source for this data, can provide terrain maps depicting surface configuration (plains, hills, mountains) and vegetation (forested area, scrub, swamps, desert and open grassland).  Figure II-13 is an example of a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)-produced map showing an analysis of terrain.  Digital chart of the world (DCW) II can provide an alternative view.  TMD IPB step 2 addresses terrain and environmental effects on TM operations in detail.

23

## Adversary Tm Force Capabilities Assessment General Capabilities

Historical Use
Known Flight Tests/Training Launches (successes/failures)
AS-17a ARMs (15/5), SSY-N-4 (35/6), SSY-N-2 SLCMs (6/0), and SSY-6 TBMs (22/3).
1980 RED-GRAY War
6 SSY-6s - used against GRAY airfields.
1988 RED-BLUE War
2 BLUE frigates attacked with 8 RED SSY-N-4 ASCMs. 1 frigate sunk and one severely damaged.
1992 RED-GRAY War
12 AS-17a ARMs used in three separate attacks. AS-17a targeted Russian-supplied GRAY SA-2 radars. 46 SSY-6 TBMs used against key GRAY airfields. 12 SSY-6 TBMs used against key GRAY C4I nodes. 4 SSY-N-4 ASCMs used against a GRAY PGM.
SSY-N-2 SLCM  never used in combat. RED never used WMD in combat.

## Tm Characteristics And Performance

Parameters
AS-17a
SSY-N-4 ASCM
SSY-N-2 SLCM
SSY-6 TBM
Propulsion Type
Turbojet
Turbojet
Turbojet
Single Stage Liquid
Length (m)
5
5
4.5
12
Diameter (m)
0.35
1
0.75
1
Wing Span (m)
1.2
2
1.75
1.8 (tail-fin span)
Maximum Range (km)
100
50
500
300
Minimum Range (km)
5
2
50
30
Accuracy (circular error probable) (m)
2
5
200
500
Maximum Range Apogee (m)
120,000 (lofted profile)
NA
NA
100
Nominal Launch Altitude (m)
500 - 25,000
Sea-level
Sea-level to -90
Ground-level
Nominal Cruise Altitude (m)
Loft-dive or direct descent
25
100
32,000 (burnout altitude)
Nominal Cruise Speed (mach)
2.5 - 3.2
0.75
0.80
1,700 m/s (burnout velocity)
Maximum Time of Flight (minutes)
5.5
25
270
16
Payload Mass
100
500
500
1,000
Warhead Mass
90
400
425
850

24

Types and OB of TMs
ASMs
None
ARMs
72 x Russian AS-17a 12 x Launch Platform - Russian Su-24D FENCER
ASCMs
96 x
SSY-N-4
8 x Launch Platforms - Russian OSA II PGM
LACMs - SLCMs
120 x
SSY-N-2
2 x Launch Platform - French Agosta SS
TBM s- SRBMs
400 x YELLOW SSY-6 18 x Launch Platform - MAZ-543
Role/Mission/Targeting of TM
TBMs, LACMs, and SLCMs
Strategic weapons - foundation for regional military influence
Primary deep strike weapons
Key military airfields, key C4I nodes, air defense/TMD sites, and large fixed military
  logistics/materials sites
Possible nuclear and CW dimension, no biological weapon capability
ASCMs
Coastal defense
Large surface group formations, aircraft carriers and other major  capital and amphibious
  ships
ARMs
Defense suppression of air and TMD
PATRIOT radars, THAAD radars, and possibly AEGIS radars
Employment Concepts
 prior to conflict initiation.
TBMs
Deploy before conflict initiation to conduct mobile field operations. Launchers move into hide sites, then to launch sites and launch. After launch, launchers move to different hide site, then to transload site. Missiles/fuel/warheads move from field storage sites to transload sites. Transload site prepares and reloads missile/reload launchers upon arrival. After reload, launchers move to new hide site.  Cycle repeats.
SLCMs
Deploy to operating area off BLUE coast
ASCMs
Deploy to operating area off RED coast/capital port prior to conflict initiation. Conduct defensive operations against hostile navy attacking capital.
ARMsOperate from home airfields.
Su-24D FENCERs fly to BLUE border and launch ARMs. Primary target:  THAAD and then PATRIOT radars.

## Adversary Tm Force Capabilities Assessment Active Defense Suppression Capabilities Motivation And Intent

 US and allied TMD and TAD forces can destroy or at a minimum neutralize RED theater air and missile forces; effectively rendering them useless.

Motivation -
Intent -
 Given RED priority for TM forces and historical use of SEAD, RED is assessed to be highly motivated to conduct active defense suppression of US and allied TMD forces. Therefore, it is assessed that RED intent is to suppress active defenses with available military forces when operationally feasible.

| Historical Use of Suppression of Active Air or TMD                                   |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| During the 1992 RED-GRAY war, RED conducted 3 separate SEAD attacks                  |
| against GRAY SA-2 radars. In each attack, RED used 2 Su-24 FENCER Ds,                |
| with each launching 2 AS-17a ARMs.                                                   |
| RED places a higher strategic value on its TBM and SLCM force and is                 |
| therefore assessed to place at least the same priority on countering US and          |
| allied TMD as on countering US and allied TAD forces. However, defense               |
| against air attack by the US and allied air forces is first priority for the RED Air |
| Force.                                                                               |

## Capability To Locate Tmd Assets For Suppression

The primary intelligence asset available to RED will be indigenous personnel sympathetic to RED and inserted intelligence covert operations. These in-place agents will likely blend in with the local populace to avoid detection. They may carry still or video cameras, as well as small hand-held GPS receivers for recce in support of targeting US and allied TMD assets by other RED forces. They are not expected to carry laser ranging equipment, laser designators for PGMs, or weapons. The use of SOF teams is possible, but will likely have difficultly in being inserted in a timely fashion. If inserted they are not expected to present a physical threat unless RED perceives that hostilities are a direct threat to the current political regime. The SOF teams will likely conduct recce to support targeting by other RED forces. SOF teams may include laser designators for directing PGMs onto US and allied TMD assets. RED has 6-8 French built Mirage III fighters configured for recce and could use them against US and allied TMD assets. However, their survival against US and allied TAD is questionable. See doctrinal templates for these recce configured Mirage III's and details on deployment, performance, characteristics, and tactics. RED operates a handful of mobile ELINT vehicles, however, their range is limited to less than 50 km, placing them out of range of the current deployment for US and allied TMD assets.

Suppression Capabilities
Suppression Capability
Applicable To:
PATRIOT, THAAD, and TMD equipped AEGIS CGs and DDGs
TMs in Suppression Role - Probable against land-based TMD assets and very
probable against sea-based TMD assets using ASCMs
PATRIOT, THAAD, and TMD equipped AEGIS CGs and DDGs
TM Penetration Tactics  - Only salvo launch is expected with 6-12 TBMs or
SLCMs against a single target within a 1 minute time span
TM TMD Countermeasures - Only simple RCS reduction expected
PATRIOT, THAAD, and TMD equipped AEGIS CGs and DDGs radars
Aircraft - Very probable if aircraft can survive to weapon release points
PATRIOT, THAAD, and TMD equipped AEGIS CGs and DDGs
ASCMs to Suppress TMD Capable Ships - Very probable
TMD equipped AEGIS CGs and DDGs
ARMs - Very probable if aircraft can survive to weapon release points
PATRIOT, THAAD, and TMD equipped AEGIS CGs and DDGs radars
Information Warfare (Including EC) - Very unlikely, no known capability
PATRIOT, THAAD, and TMD equipped AEGIS CGs and DDGs radars
WMD - Not expected in a active defense suppression role
PATRIOT, THAAD, and TMD equipped AEGIS CGs and DDGs
PATRIOT and THAAD
SOF - Medium probability in an intelligence collection role and very low probability
for physical attack role
PATRIOT and THAAD
Terrorist and Insurgent Forces - Very probable for intelligence collection role
and very low probability for physical attack role
Conventional Ground Forces - Very unlikely
PATRIOT and THAAD
Conventional Naval Forces - Unlikely
.TMD equipped AEGIS CGs and DDGs
Combined Arms Tactics - Unlikely
PATRIOT, THAAD, and TMD equipped AEGIS CGs and DDGs

25
 (5)  Major LOCs.  Defining the LOCs (road, rail, and telecommunication networks)
is important for the detailed area limitation analysis in TMD IPB step 2.  TMD IPB step 1
defines and uses the primary road/rail network as an overlay when determining the AO and AOI.  Rail networks will typically be less significant for TM operations in most countries. An overlay is not needed if a particular adversary country's rail network is not used by its TM force.  An overlay for telecommunication networks should also be developed. The military telecommunications network is more important than the civilian network, though in many countries the military uses the civilian network.  Landlines are of particular importance to TM operations.  Use MCS, country studies, or digital intelligence data bases to obtain information.  Available data within DCW II and commercial GGI&S systems generated the example (Figure II-13) of a kind of graphic needed for this step.

d.  Step 1.4 - Identify the Amount of Detail Required and Feasible Within the Time Available.  Understanding the TMD IPB development process is essential in order to collect the required information and to deliver that information in a timely manner.  Failing to get the right information to the right place at the right time can result from trying to do too much.  Yet, doing too little results in getting the wrong information to the right place at the right time.  To avoid this, develop a TMD IPB checklist to gauge the amount and detail of work that needs be accomplished and then build a TMD IPB development plan to schedule the work identified in the TMD IPB checklist (See Appendix D).  This helps in focusing the development effort to get the right information to the right place at the right time.

26

## Major Terrain And Loc Overview

27

e.  Step 1.5 - Evaluate Existing Databases and Identify Gaps.  The TMD IPB database will not have all the intelligence and information required to evaluate the effects of each battlespace characteristic and each TM force.  Databases only contain a fraction of the information required to support TMD IPB development.  Hardcopy reports are still very valuable sources of information.  Maps are essential and digital maps are required. Valuable on-line sources include intelligence link (INTELINK) and near real time links (i.e. tactical related applications [TRAP] data dissemination service [TDDS], tactical information broadcast service [TIBS], Joint Tactical Information Distribution System, and moving target indicator feeds).  Open source resources include books, periodicals, academia and industry.  Identifying intelligence gaps early allows for data collection operations prior to the start of combat operations.  In many cases, support from other intelligence organizations is needed to obtain and analyze data to fill gaps.  Identifying gaps which cannot be filled within the time allowed is equally important in developing the TMD IPB. Maintain communication with the command staff regarding the gaps not expected to be filled and formulate reasonable assumptions.  Identify gaps by:

-
Identifying organizational sources and points of contact (POCs).
-
Identifying current, on-order, and desired information holdings and
connectivity to sources (see Figure B-10).
-
Evaluating the identified sources and assess the critical gaps in the
information relative to the TMD IPB steps (see Figure B-11).

(1)  IPB Holdings and Database Assessment.  It is good practice to maintain a log of the information holdings.  Each organization handles this function differently.  Some organizations use a library function to keep a log of information holdings and others find it

IIII----28
      28
      28
      28

more efficient to develop and maintain ones own log.  Figure B-10 shows one way to catalog the information holdings.  Ideally, maintain the catalog within a computerized database accessible over a network.

(2)  POCs.  No single organization can accomplish the TMD IPB process alone and support is needed from outside organizations.  To develop a complete and accurate TMD IPB, it is important to identify and establish national through theater level POCs early. Establish a POC for each of the organizations identified in the organizational sources template (see Figure B-10).  A general purpose computerized personal information manager or contact manager is very useful in managing POCs.  See Figure B-12 to build a list of POCs manually.

f.  Step 1.6 - Collect the Material and Intelligence Required to Support Further TMD
IPB Analysis.  Collecting intelligence and incorporating it into the TMD IPB process is a continuous effort. The TMD intelligence team fills intelligence gaps by initiating collection operations through priority intelligence requirements (PIRs), essential elements of information (EEIs), and requests for information (RFIs).  Additional intelligence data is applied to the appropriate steps to allow updating of all TMD IPB products.


(1)  PIRs, EEIs, and RFIs.  PIRs represent the commander's most important intelligence requirements that are prioritized according to relative value.  PIRs are single requirements, typically in the form of a single question and oriented towards identifying the COA an adversary is executing.  Recommended PIRs are typically submitted to the command's intelligence collection manager who submits them and other command PIRs to the commander for approval.  The collection manager is then responsible for submitting the PIRs to the appropriate intelligence functions for collection.  EEIs identify information
29
needed to support a wide variety of standing information requirements and may duplicate PIRs.  The TMD IPB team typically submits EEIs to the command's intelligence collection management which then racks and stacks them with other command EEIs to form the command's collection requirements.  RFIs are used to request any needed information that does not fall into the PIR or EEI categories and range from simple to very complex requests. See Figure B-13 for a PIR, EEI, and RFI worksheet.

(2)  Information Searches.  Figures B-14 - B-16 assist in developing initial information search profiles for documents, text message retrieval, digital databases (INTELINK, modernized integrated data base [MIDB], National Exploitation System), and other digital information sources.  Conduct information searches early as they are useful for performing parts of TMD IPB step 1.  After the initial search is complete, review the data for relevancy and accuracy.  This review refines the search profiles which is critical to retrieving the appropriate information.  A narrow search profile results in missed information, while a wide search profile results in information overload.  The search profile is relatively static during peacetime.  During crisis, it needs to be dynamic to keep up with changing adversary and friendly situations.  The information retrieval specialists are essential to getting the search criteria correct for the current situation because each search system is different and requires different filtering criteria to achieve the desired results. The key is to interact frequently with the information retrieval specialists.

30

## Chapter Iii Step 2:  Define The Battlespace's Effects 1.  What Is It?


a.  Definition.  Step 2 determines how the battlespace environment affects adversary TM and friendly TMD operations.

b.  Desired End Effect.  The desired end effect is the identification of how the battlespace environment influences adversary TM and friendly TMD operations. Terrain plays an important role because TM systems are so mobile.  The terrain assessment process analyzes the military aspects of the terrain by focusing on terrain suitability for TM and TMD operations based on geography, weather, and the technical characteristics of the TM equipment and forces.  Two primary objectives of the TMD IPB terrain assessment are:

-
Identification of potential mobility areas within TM force operating areas.
-
Identification of exploited terrain for countering mobile TM operations.
Terrain analysis is not the end product of the TMD IPB process.  It is the means to determine which friendly COAs best exploit the terrain and how the terrain affects the adversary's available TM COAs and friendly forces ability to defend against them.

## 2.  How To Do It For Tmd


Step 2 is concerned with the evaluation and integration of the various environmental and infrastructure factors affecting adversary TM force operations.  The primary steps in Step 2 are shown in Figure III-1. Generally, the AO is evaluated in more detail than the AOI.  The focus also varies for different TMD mission areas.  For example, an active defense only IPB analysis would reduce the urgency for a detailed missile infrastructure analysis.  The battlespace is not homogeneous because certain areas or sub-sectors will affect various types of operations in varying degrees.  During the evaluation, identify those areas that favor each type of operation and consider traditional operations (defense and offense) as well as operations associated with any specific operational factors (launch, transload, etc.) .  The following discussion focuses on adversary capabilities and effects, but the processes are also required for analysis of friendly TMD operations..


a.  Step 2.1-Analyze the TM Battlespace Environment.  The detail in which the battlespace environment is analyzed varies depending on the command's mission, the general TM forces' capabilities, and each battlespace dimension's relative significance or importance to the specific command operation being planned.  Military planning requirements generally require a more detailed evaluation of the AO than the AOI.  Since the battlespace is not homogeneous, various air, land, and maritime areas may require greater or lesser analysis depending on the relative geographical complexity of the region. Each battlespace dimension's environment is analyzed for its military aspects and evaluated for its effects on military operations.  In the case of sea-launched cruise missiles (SLCM), air-launched cruise missiles (ALCMs) and ASMs, give special consideration to analyzing the maritime and air dimensions and their effects on TM operations.  Weather is considered in terms of its ability to modify each dimension's environment, and as a separate factor capable of directly affecting military operations.  For example, heavy rainfall modifies the land environment by swelling streams and degrading/reducing soil trafficability, but can also directly impact military operations across the spectrum of all battlespace dimensions by reducing visibility.
(1) It is important to focus the analysis because performing a detailed terrain analysis is generally unrealistic for very large areas.  TMs normally operate over much more constrained geographic areas.  An assessment is made to define an TM force's field operating areas and to focus terrain and weather analysis to only those areas from which the TM force is likely to operate.  If time allows, expand the analysis areas to where TM operations could take place.

(2) Maritime Dimension Considerations.  The maritime dimension of the battlespace is the environment in which all naval operations take place to include SLCM operations.  The maritime dimension is influenced both by the sea and the littorals.  When conducting IPB against SLCMs, examine the effects of maritime geography on the battlespace for both the AO and AOI.  Key military aspects of the maritime dimension include maneuver space and chokepoints, natural harbors, anchorages, ports, naval bases, sea lines of communication and the hydrographic and topographic characteristics of the ocean floor and littoral land mass.  Base the evaluation of these key aspects on the degree to which they control or dominate SLCM operations.  Evaluate the location of adversary naval bases in relation to how well they support SLCM operations.  Identify adversary axes and avenues of approach, high-risk areas, low-risk areas, and potential naval engagement areas.  The end result is an evaluation of how the maritime environment helps or hinders SLCM operations.  Identifying potential SLCM launch locations is the ultimate goal. Identifying these areas is problematic and depends largely on factors such as friendly target locations, SLCM ranges, and the specific launch platform (i.e. surface combatant vice submarine).  For example, analyze bottom composition and fathom curves to determine the possible locations of subsurface threats (particularly quieted diesel submarines) within SCLM range of potential targets.

(3) Air Dimension Considerations.  The air dimension of the battlespace is the environment in which ALCM and ASM operations are conducted.  IPB against these threats is also focused on the launch platforms more so than the missile itself.  Give special consideration during the IPB process in analyzing how the air dimension affects these platforms.  When conducting TMD IPB against ALCMs and ASMs, analyze air avenues of approach.  Likely approaches are those that protect the launch platforms from detection and engagement (masking terrain) while still allowing maneuver and providing adequate line-of-sight (LOS) to the target.  Other factors that affect ALCM/ASM platforms include attack profiles, ordnance, point of origin, and ground control radar positions. Ordnance or payload may affect range and altitude and will probably influence the avenues of approach.
Adverse weather may also affect the enemy's ability to employ these air-breathing launch platforms.  The air dimension is analyzed in a two-step process that analyzes the various military aspects of the environment and then evaluates how the environment affects military operations.  The first step is to identify and locate friendly assets that are potential adversary targets.  This is followed by identifying adversary airfields from which air attacks might be launched and that are within range of the previously identified target areas.  The surface and air environment located between these adversary airfields and friendly targets are then analyzed to determine likely air avenues of approach and to determine any other characteristics of the air dimension that may influence ALCM/ASM launch operations.  The ultimate purpose of this type of analysis is to determine the optimal air attack heading and profilein effect, the ALCM/ASM forward operating locations.

b.  Step 2.1.1-Terrain Assessment.  The best TMD IPB terrain analysis technique is a combined approach using automated terrain analysis tools supplemented by reconnaissance and manual techniques using high-resolution maps and imagery.  A comprehensive TMD IPB terrain analysis integrates data developed during TMD IPB steps 1, 2 and 3 and is iterative throughout the effort.

(1)  Analysis of Military Terrain Aspects.  To conduct this analysis, break down the elements of the battlespace terrain and analyze each aspect.  Key aspects are:


(a)  Surface configuration (includes land, sea and littoral).

(b)  Vegetation.

(c)  Surface Materials.

(d)  Obstacles.

(e)  Transportation and LOC infrastructures.

(f)  Urban areas.

(g)  Cover.

(h)  Concealment.

(i)  Cross-country movement (CCM).

(j)  Observation/line-of-sight (LOS).

(k)  Key terrain.

(l)  Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum.
Consider all of these factors when analyzing terrain, but focus on the ones most relevant to the specific situation and the commander's needs.  Evaluate the factors in the order that best supports the analysis.  Each terrain analysis template has its own requirements for either digital data and/or hard copy maps/charts (See Table B-1).  In most cases only limited types of digital data and hard copy maps/charts will be available.

(2)  Terrain Feature Data.  Terrain feature data is used throughout the terrain analysis process.  NIMA's foundation feature data (FFD) classifies terrain features data across multiple GGI&S products.  Figure B-17 provides a suggested template for identifying terrain FFD codes, attributes, and values.

(3)  Terrain Reconnaissance.  Identify the terrain knowledge gaps that analysis cannot satisfy.  Use these gaps as a guide for reconnaissance planning and focus the reconnaissance on the areas most important to the mission.  When feasible, supplement the pre-deployment terrain analyses with actual reconnaissance.


(4)  Terrain Analysis and Weather.  Terrain analysis must always consider weather effects.  The terrain analysts should work closely with the weather detachment or staff weather officer to ensure that the analysis incorporates the effects of current and projected weather.  Terrain analysis is a continuous process and changes in the battlespace environment may alter the evaluations of its terrain-derived effects.  For example, if builtup areas are reduced to rubble or LOCs are destroyed in battle, reevaluate the mobility characteristics of the AO.  Similarly, if weather conditions change, reevaluate the terrain's impact on military operations.  Finally, TM unit operations use organic engineering capabilities to develop hide and launch locations in areas previously judged unsuitable.

(5)  Terrain Analysis and TM Force COAs.  Evaluating terrain effects identifies the battlespace areas that affect each TM force's COA.  For example, terrain effect evaluation helps identify areas best suited for launch sites/areas, airfields, ports, fire control sites, hide sites, transloading areas, forward operating locations (FOLs), and forward storage areas.

(6)  Terrain Analysis Templates.  There are 12 basic types of terrain analysis templates applicable to TMD IPB development.  See Figure B-18 for a suggested checklist to determine which ones apply to a particular TMD IPB development.  Templates provide a good method for tracking the status of the terrain analysis.  Use USA FM 3-34.33 (FM 5- 33), *Terrain Analysis* as the  primary source for terrain analysis techniques and analytical procedures.  The following sections provide the primary terrain analysis steps and resultant templates.  Step 1 is identical for each section and is:

- Step 1.  Retrieve available data.  Depending on the type of FFD available (see
Figure B-17) use automated terrain analysis tools or manual terrain analysis techniques (see USA FM 3-34.33 [FM 5-33]) for the remaining steps.


(a)  Surface Configuration.  A surface configuration template depicts the terrain's slope by using degrees or percent of slope.  Terrain slope affects area suitability for TM
force operations (launch, missile handling, field storage, and radar siting).  The surface configuration template helps determine cross-country mobility.  Use the following terrain analysis steps to produce the land surface configuration and bathymetric surface configuration templates.

- Step 2 (optional for land surface configuration).  Plot elevation/depth
contours.  Select an appropriate contour interval for the current TMD IPB development. Five, ten, and twenty meters (m) are typical values for contour intervals.
- Step 3 (optional).  Plot identified (see Figure B-17) surface drainage
features.  Label the outlined areas with a W.
- Step 4 (optional).  Plot dissected terrain (pits, quarries, dumps, piles,
landfills, ravines, gorges, etc.).  Most of these features are easily recognized on topographic maps.
- Step 5.  Define, plot and code label the desired slope categories (see
Figure B-19).


(b)  Vegetation.  A vegetation overlay shows the natural and cultivated vegetated areas.  It helps determine LOS, cover, concealment, and the capability of the TM force's equipment to move cross-country.  Use the following terrain analysis steps and USA FM 3- 34.33 (FM 5-33) to produce the vegetation template.

- Step 2 (optional).  Plot identified surface drainage features (see Figure B-

## Iii Iii Iii Iii----8888

17).  Label the outlined areas with a W.

- Step 3 (optional).  Use available imagery or human intelligence
(HUMINT) resources to identify vegetation areas by type which are not in the vegetation FFD.  Use the dominant (60% or greater) vegetation in the area to type an area with mixed vegetation.  Digitize previously unavailable data and add it to the available local vegetation FFD.
- Step 4.  Plot the boundaries and areas of all identified vegetation types
using the vegetation FFD and overhead or HUMINT from Step 3.  Label and code each type of vegetation (See Table B-2).  Use additional user defined codes as required.
Note:  After completing each of the following steps through step 7, apply step results to Step 8.  Digitize the previously unavailable data and add it to the available local vegetation FFD.

- Step 5 (optional).  Determine the canopy closure and mean height to the
canopy top for each forested area using the coding standard in Table B-2.  Add the
canopy closure and height results to Step 4.
- Step 6 (optional).  Determine the tree crown diameter for each forested
area.  Tree crown diameter is the distance across the spread of a tree crown and is measured in meters.
- Step 7 (optional).  Determine the mean stem diameter and the stem
spacing for each forested area.  Tree stem diameter is the diameter of a tree at 1.4 m above the ground.  Stem spacing is the distance from the center of one tree to the center
of the nearest adjacent tree.
- Step 8 (optional).  Estimate the vegetation roughness factor (VRF) for each vegetation area.  The VRF is a numerical estimation of vehicular speed degradation when moving over flat terrain and through a particular type of vegetation. The factor decreases from 1.0 (no speed degradation) to 0.00 (vegetation roughness does not permit off-road mobility).  For example, grassland with little slow-down effect has a VRF of 1.0 to 0.9, but virtually impassable swamp with dense ground vegetation, fallen branches and trees, and exposed stumps has a VRF of 0.1.  The VRF designated to a vegetation category is subjective and designated by the terrain analyst.

(c)  Surface Materials.  A surface materials template shows the natural and cultivated vegetated areas.  It helps determine LOS, cover, concealment, and the capability of the TM force's equipment to move cross-country.  Use the following terrain analysis steps and USA FM 3-34.33 (FM 5-33) to produce the surface materials template.

- Step 2 (optional). Plot identified surface drainage features (use Figure B-
17).  Label the outlined areas with a W.
-  Step 3 (optional).  Plot built-up area features using completed Figure B-
17.  Label the outlined areas with an X.
-
Step 4 (optional).  Plot permanent snowfield features using completed
Figure B-17.  Label the outlined areas with a PS.

- Step 5 (optional).  Plot salt evaporators and salt encrustation features
using completed Figure B-17.  Label the outlined areas with a EV.

## Iii Iii Iii Iii----10 10 10 10

- Step 6 (optional).  Use available imagery or HUMINT resources to
identify any surface material areas by type which are not contained in the available
surface material FFD.  Use the dominant (60% or greater) surface material in the area to type an area with mixed types  Digitize previously unavailable data and add it to the available local surface materials FFD.
- Step 7 (optional).  Plot exposed bedrock features or those void of surface
materials using completed Figure B-17.  Label the outlined areas with a RK.
- Step 8.  Plot the boundaries and areas of all identified surface material
types using surface materials FFD and overhead or HUMINT from Step 6.  Label each surface material type using the codes in Figure B-17.  A third digit is used with the Unified Soils Classification System (USCS) (see Table B-3).  The third through sixth digit indicates the surface roughness factor from the next step.  Do not assign a surface roughness factor to the USCS codes RK, PS, EV, X, and W.  Use additional user defined codes as required.  See Table B-4 for landforms and commonly associated soils to assist in identifying surface materials.
- Step 9.   Estimate surface roughness factors and compute the degree to
which a vehicle's speed is degraded by surface characteristics (boulder fields, gullies, and rugged bedrock).  Factors can be any number from 0.00 to 1.00 in 0.05 increments. The surface roughness factor of 1.00 indicates no vehicle speed degradation while a 0.80 factor indicates a degradation by 20 percent.  In estimating the factor, consider all physical characteristics of the feature as well as vehicle characteristics (ground clearance, wheel size, etc.).  Estimate surface roughness factors for the primary TM force vehicle or create a surface materials template for each important TM vehicle type.


(d)  Obstacles.  An obstacle template depicts the location and type of man-made or natural movement obstacles.  It is used with the other terrain analysis templates to produce cross-country movement overlays.  Use the following terrain analysis steps to produce the land obstacles and nautical obstacles templates.

- Step 2 (optional).  Use available imagery or HUMINT resources to
identify any obstacles by type which are not contained in available surface material FFD.  Start with the LOC infrastructure and search along its infrastructure.  Digitize previously unavailable data and add it to the available local obstacle FFD.
- Step 3.  Plot existing obstacle features (see Figure B-17) using the
appropriate military symbology.


(e)  Transportation and LOC Infrastructures.  Transportation and LOC
infrastructure templates show the two infrastructures.  Transportation is all the routes (land, sea, and air) within the operating area of a TM force.  Air transportation includes all of the routes for air delivered TMs from the operating base to the targets.  LOCs are all the supply and equipment routes (land, sea, and air) that connect an operating military force with a base of operations.  Use the following terrain analysis steps to produce the:

-
Road transportation and LOC template
-
Railroad transportation and LOC template
-
Air lanes and LOC template
-
Port transportation, inland waterways and LOC template
12
Note: .  To perform the labeling and coding in the following steps, use the symbology and coding in USA FM 3-25.31 (FM 21-31) *Topographic Symbols*, USA FM 3-34.33 (FM 5-33)
and Figure B-20.  After completing each of the steps, digitize the previously unavailable data and add it to the available local transportation and LOC FFD.

- Step 2.  Use available imagery or HUMINT resources to perform an
analysis of the terrain to locate all appropriate transportation and LOC features. Restrict the transportation and LOC analysis to the transportation infrastructure operating areas and the LOC infrastructure routes connecting the field operating areas and fixed locations.  This step is necessary since most NIMA GGI&S products are either incomplete, out-of-date, or lack the resolution to support TMD IPB transportation and LOC analysis.
Note:  For each unique segment of the transportation and LOC infrastructures, do the following steps:

- Step 3 (optional).  Identify and label the surface material of the roads. - Step 4 (optional).  Determine the minimum road width and number of
lanes.  Each segment is assigned a minimum width value (see Table B-5 for military map lane widths).  Always use a decimal point to record the segment width (5 m = 5.0 m) and place that number parallel to the segment.  Note and label every point at which a change in width occurs and place a segment symbol at each.

- Step 5 (optional).  Determine the gradient, degree, or percent of slope
when it exceeds a predefined value (less than or equal to 17 or 25 degrees) based on the equipment templates from TMD IPB step 3.  Place an arrowhead symbol at each end of the gradient with the flat end of the arrowhead at the bottom of the grade and the point of the arrowhead at the top.

- Step 6 (optional).  Depict constrictions when the segment narrows to less
than a predefined value (default of 3 m) based on the TMD IPB step 3 equipment templates.  Indicate the width measurement adjacent to the arrowhead symbol.
- Step 7 - (optional).  Depict all sharp curves with a radius in meters of a
predefined value (default of 30 m) based on TMD IPB step 3 equipment templates. Indicate the width measurement adjacent to the arrowhead symbol.
- Step 8 (optional).  Depict all features that are currently under
construction with the circled symbol "*UC."*
- Step 9 (optional).  Determine and label each bridge segment's length, and
width and height clearances in meters and its military load classification in tons.
- Step 10.  Determine each bridge segment's bypass potential within a 2 km
distance from the bridge.  Rate and label the bypass potential as either easy, difficult, or impossible.
- Step 11.  Determine and label each segment's under-bridge width and
height clearance in meters.
- Step 12.  Determine and label each tunnel segment's length, width and
height clearances, and overburden depth in meters.
- Step 13.  Determine each tunnel segment's bypass potential within a 2 km

## Iii Iii Iii Iii----14 14 14 14

distance from the tunnel.  Rate and label the bypass potential as either easy, difficult, or impossible

- Step 14 (optional).  Estimate and label each fording location's length and
width and each ferry location's length and capacity.
- Step 15.  Plot each runway outline to show which way it is oriented.
Determine its length, width, and surface material.  Label the facility as either airfield, heliport, or both.
- Step 16 (optional).  Determine and label all railroad segment track gages
and any point a change occurs.

(f)  Urban Areas.  An urban areas template depicts built-up areas which could conceal TM equipment and forces.  Use the following terrain analysis steps to produce the urban areas template.

Note:  To perform the labeling and coding in the following steps, use the symbology and coding in USA FM 3-25.31 (FM 21-31), USA FM 3-34.33 (FM 5-33) and Table B-6.  After completing each of the steps, digitize the previously unavailable data and add it to the local obstacle or transportation FFD.

- Step 2 (optional).  Use available imagery to identify any built-up areas
which are not contained in available surface material FFD.  Start with the LOC
infrastructure and search along it.

- Step 3.  Plot and label all built-up area boundaries.
- Step 4 (optional).  Divide and label the urban areas by dominant (60% or
greater) building type into smaller areas.


(g)  Cover.  A cover template depicts locations and terrain features which can provide the TM force cover from friendly attack operations.  Use the following terrain analysis steps to produce the land cover and nautical cover templates.

- Step 2.  Determine the potential friendly attack assets and their
capabilities from the commander's guidance and command OPLANs.  Information on the general types of weapon systems and capabilities which penetrate and destroy hardened targets is needed.  Information from higher should suffice for this step.
- Step 3.  Using step 2 information, examine each terrain feature found in
all previous templates and determine which terrain features provide potential cover
from the command's TMD attack assets.  Plot and label features.  If the command has a fully deployed air capability with significant assets allocated to TMD attack operations, very few terrain features may provide cover.  For example, current precision-guided munitions can penetrate significantly hardened targets and only deep tunnels may be capable of providing cover.  Consider all factors when determining a terrain feature's potential for providing cover.


(h)  Concealment.  A concealment template depicts potential TM force hide locations.  Concealment is protection from friendly observation.  Use the following terrain analysis steps to produce the:

-
Friendly air defense and TMD radar masking template.
-
Friendly airborne radar masking template.
-
Friendly surface radar masking template.
- Step 2.  Determine the potential friendly intelligence, surveillance,
reconnaissance (ISR) assets and their capabilities from the commander's guidance and command OPLANs.  Information on the general types of ISR systems and capabilities used to observe TM forces is needed.
- Step 3.  Using information from step 2, examine each terrain feature
found in all previous templates and determine which terrain features provide potential concealment from the command's TMD ISR assets.  Plot and label using USA FM 3- 25.31 (FM 21-31) and FM 3-34.33 (FM 5-33).  Consider all relevant factors when determining a terrain feature's potential for providing concealment.



(i)  CCM.  A CCM template depicts the mobility of a TM force. Also referred to as an avenue of approach overlay, the CCM template depicts the mobility corridors and best off-road routes TM vehicles can use to get to an objective.  It also shows the terrain that these vehicles cannot cross.  It relies on many of the previously produced templates, such as surface configuration and obstacle templates and vegetation and surface materials templates. CCM analysis is a very manually intensive process; when possible use automated terrain analysis tools.  Use the following terrain analysis steps to produce the CCM template:

- Step 2.  Determine the types of vehicles and conditions (dry, wet or both)
for which CCM templates will be developed.  Several templates may be required to support a TMD IPB development.  The following is typical for a TBM case in an
environment with both a dry and wet season:

- TBM transporter erector launcher (TEL) dry season CCM template.
- TBM TEL wet season CCM template. - TBM GSE vehicles dry season CCM template. - TBM GSE vehicles wet season CCM template.
- Step 3.  Retrieve and consider the below factors for each overlay.
Estimate the ones that can not be calculated (see USA FM 3-34.33 [FM 5-33] to calculate) and ignore those with insufficient data.  Most of the factors are on the previously constructed templates (surface configuration and vegetation).  If required, consider and use additional factors.  Use Figure B-21 to gather all the factors and start the CCM template production.  The standard terrain analysis factors are:

-
Road slope versus maximum vehicle speed.  Express in kilometers per
hour (kph).

-
Off-road slope versus maximum vehicle speed.  Express in kph.
-
Slope-intercept-frequency.  This is the number of times the ground
surface changes between positive and negative slopes over a 1 km distance.  Express as a factor between 0.00 and 1.00.

-
Dry soils.  Express as a factor between 0.00 and 1.00 for each soil type.
-
Wet soils.  Express as a factor between 0.00 and 1.00 for each soil type.
-
Surface roughness.  Express as a factor between 0.00 and 1.00.
-
VRF.  Express as a factor between 0.00 and 1.00 for each vegetation type.

III
III
III
III----18
    18
    18
    18



-
Vegetation.  This is the combination of VRF, vehicle factor, vehicle
clearance factor, and vehicle override.  Express as a factor between 0.00 and 1.00.
- Step 4.  Establish vehicle speed categories (go, no go, restricted, severely
restricted, and not evaluated) using Figure B-21.
NOTE:  After completing Steps 5 and 6, digitize previously unavailable data and add it to the available local transportation FFD.

- Step 5.  Determine each unique area's slope.  Multiply all of the factors
together and then remultiply using the road or off-road slope speed.
- Step 6.  Assign a speed category to each unique area's terrain as
established in step 4 and Figure B-21.
- Step 7.  Plot all unique areas, mark their speed categorization, and code
each area with shading, color, or alphanumerically.


(j)  Observation/LOS.  An observation/LOS template depicts the ability to see the adversary or for the adversary to see friendly TMD operations visually or with surveillance devices.  Factors that limit or deny observation include concealment and cover.  Use the following terrain analysis steps to produce the:

-
Friendly overhead ISR and TMD radar template.
-
Friendly standoff ISR and TMD radar template.
-
Friendly surface ISR and TMD radar template (includes special forces
[SF]).
-
Adversary air defense and TMD radar coverage template.
-
Adversary overhead ISR template.
-
Adversary standoff ISR template.
-
Adversary surface ISR template (includes SF).
- Step 2.  Retrieve and plot the locations and sensor coverage capabilities
for all friendly ISR and TMD radar assets assigned to the command.  Take into account the effects of terrain masking. If an ISR or radar asset is mobile (i.e. Airborne Warning and Control System or Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System), plot the areas of coverage for which 100 percent coverage will be available.  Mark other visible areas as less than 100 percent coverage.  If feasible, develop a variable scale areas with 100, 75-100, 50-75, 25-50, and 0-25 percent coverage.

- Step 3.  Retrieve and plot the known locations and sensor coverage
capabilities for all adversary ISR, air defense radar, and TMD radar assets.  Take into account the effects of terrain masking.  If an ISR or radar asset is mobile (i.e. overhead imagery satellite and aerial surveillance radar), plot the areas of coverage for which 100 percent coverage will be available.  Mark other visible areas as less than 100 percent coverage.  If feasible, develop a variable scale for areas with 100, 75-100, 50-75, 25-50, and 0-25 percent coverage.



(k)  Key Terrain.  A key terrain overlay depicts terrain features which afford a marked advantage to either combatant if seized, retained, or controlled.  Use the following terrain analysis steps to produce the key terrain template.

III
III
III
III----20
    20
    20
    20

- Step 2.  Examine each terrain feature found in all previous templates and
determine which terrain features are key terrain to either the adversary TM force or
friendly TMD operations.
- Step 3.  Plot and outline each key terrain feature's location.  Label each as
key terrain for the adversary TM force and/or friendly TMD operations.


(l)  EM spectrum.  A TM force EM spectrum template depicts the potential EM emissions from a TM force.  It keys friendly signals intelligence (SIGINT) operations to locate and/or directly target TM force assets.  New measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) technologies may permit the detection of generator (and other similar equipment) EM energy and therefore, the generator becomes the transmitter.  The TMD analyst needs to carefully check the sensor technologies available and adjust the intelligence targets accordingly.  Use the following analysis steps to produce the EM spectrum template.

- Step 2.  List all of the TM force types of equipment which transmit in the
EM spectrum (retain this information for further analysis in TMD IPB step 3). Include the equipment's basic transmitter type, frequency limits, antenna pattern characteristics, and antenna pointing capabilities.
- Step 3.  Plot the frequency limits of each transmitter type using a
logarithmic scale.
- Step 4.  Plot and code label all the known transmitter locations. - Step 5.  Plot the coverage of each transmitter not included in an
observation/LOS overlay template.

c.  Step 2.1.2 - Assess Weather Effects on TM Operations.  Weather analysis evaluates the weather's direct effects on TM force operations.  Terrain and weather analyses are inseparable.  The weather assessments needed to support TMD IPB are climatology, current weather and forecast weather.

(1)  Climatology Assessment.  Climatology assessment is statistical weather data collected or calculated for an area.  It focuses on mean weather conditions likely to affect peacetime readiness planning phases and/or future TM force operations.  Favorable TM climatology factors obscure observation of TM force operations (i.e. cloud cover) and detrimental factors impede TM force operations (i.e. precipitation, thunderstorms, temperature extremes, high winds [surface and at flight altitudes], inversion, and humidity).  Climate/weather can have the following effects on TM force operations:


(a)  Impacts the tempo of operations by reducing missile crew efficiency.

(b)  Adversely affects technical performance of the missile system and associated
support equipment, particularly if the adversary is denied access to current meteorological data.

(c)  Enables the adversary to tactically exploit its effects on friendly TMD.

(d)  Impacts the effectiveness and likely use of chemical and biological weapons
both negatively and positively.  Climatology data is assessed for each TM operating area. Figure B-22 depicts sample climatology data for a given TM operating area.  The first source for this data is the local weather unit and if unavailable, the Air Force Combat Climatology Center at 151 Patton Avenue, Room 120, Asheville, North Carolina.

## Iii Iii Iii Iii----22 22 22 22


(2)  Current and Forecast Weather.  Current and forecast weather are used during combat operations.  Current assessment is used to support active missions and operations.
Forecast assessment is used for mission planning and TMD IPB development out to five to seven days.  To focus weather analysis, begin with available weather trend information or climatology-based overlays for specific TM operational locations within the AO and analyze each military weather aspect.  Evaluate the aspects that have the most bearing on TM missile operations (i.e. visibility, precipitation and winds).  Weather has both direct and indirect effects on missile operations.  Integrate the effects of the different weather aspects into a single template to provide current and forecast effects on missile operations (see Figures B-23 and B-24).  Use it in conjunction with other terrain analysis products to further refine estimates of CCM and when operations may occur.  Use local climatology data and then fine-tune with more current information.  Military weather aspects significantly impacting TM operations are:

(a)  Visibility.  Low visibility benefits TM operations because it conceals TM unit movement and field deployed activities and enhances the possibility of surprise.  Consider all aspects when evaluating visibility.  Precipitation and other obscurants have varying effects.  For example, cloud cover can negate friendly overhead reconnaissance of TM.  A major factor in evaluating visibility is the amount of available light.  Consider phases of the moon, times associated with sunrise, sunset, moonrise, and moonset.  Night or low visibility operations can screen launches and limit TEL and GSE visual signatures (during Desert Storm, the majority of Iraqi missile launches occurred at night).  In future conflicts, TM forces are likely to conduct missile launch operations at night or during periods of reduced visibility and cloud cover.  Missile operations during periods of poor flying weather degrade the ability of TMD attack operations to visually search for missile equipment.  Extreme darkness can cause crew disorientation and slow TM unit movement.  Movement would probably be in closed column formation, transit speeds reduced, and vehicle spacing less than 100 m.

(b)  Winds.  Winds can affect TM operations by reducing crew efficiency in performing transloading operations, reducing crew efficiency in performing prelaunch missile operations (i.e. launch site setup and missile erection and alignment), and degrading missile accuracy if the wind's effects are not accounted for during the prelaunch operations (particularly for certain types of warheads).  Wind-generated blowing sand, dust, rain, or snow reduces the effectiveness of friendly TMD systems (i.e. radar and communication systems).  Strong winds hamper the efficiency of directional antenna systems by inducing antenna wobble and can detrimentally impact friendly attack operations.

(c)  Precipitation.  Precipitation affects visibility and soil trafficability and can hamper TM crew performance at the launch, transloading and fueling sites.  Combined with lightning, it would likely stop launch activity.  It can degrade the functioning of electro-optical systems.  Heavy snow cover can reduce mobility, affect communication systems, and degrade the effects of many munitions and air operations.

(d)  Temperature and Humidity.  Temperature and humidity extremes reduce personnel and equipment capabilities and may require the use of special personnel shelters or equipment.  Missile range performance is slightly sensitive to temperature conditions. Temperature extremes can reduce the maximum range performance of liquid propellant systems by 5% under severe conditions (<-30 Celsius (C) and >50 C).  Nominal operational conditions (0-30 C) generally do not impact the performance.  Solid propellant missiles are

## Iii Iii Iii Iii----24 24 24 24

more sensitive to temperature and humidity constraints.  The missiles are stored at nominal temperature ranges of 5-25 C.  Environmental covers on the TEL or heating cloths placed on the missile maintain missile temperature.  Maintaining solid propellant motors within nominal temperature bounds decreases the variation in propellant burn rate and corresponding variation in delivered thrust.  High temperatures will increase burn rate (and delivered thrust), while cold temperatures will significantly degrade missile delivered thrust.  Unexpected thermal variations may adversely impact accuracy.


d.  Step 2.1.3 - Assess Other Characteristics of the Battlespace.  This includes other TMD related terrain aspects.  Normally, fixed TM force facilities have a specific assessment area while mobile TM force operations have a wider geographical area assessment.   An important limitation in countering mobile TM force operations is the lack of TM infrastructure information.  This can be partially overcome by:

(1)  Using broad area imagery of National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale
4.0 quality or better to classify a TM force infrastructure and related terrain features,

(2)  Prioritizing the manpower and time intensive identification and cataloging of a confirmed or potential TM force infrastructure and related terrain features, and

(3)  Using the detailed imagery-based cataloging technique to enhance TMD IPB.
To analyze a TM force's infrastructure, see Figure III-2 for the general process and Figures B-25 & B-26 for example templates used during the process.  Known TM force infrastructure typically consists of RDT&E and production facilities, fixed operational facilities, and assessed field operating areas.

(1)  RDT&E and Production.  A country's TM RDT&E and production infrastructure represents a long-term investment in specialized manufacturing, test equipment, and facilities.  TMD IPB analysis against this infrastructure provides specialized support to potential strike missions intended to disrupt, degrade or destroy a country's capability to produce ballistic missile systems.  To support this objective, elements of the infrastructure which are unique and difficult to reconstitute are identified and a detailed IPB of the infrastructure during the readiness phase is performed.  This analysis is a primary function of DIA, Missile and Space Intelligence Center (MSIC) and National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC) and requires specialized engineering expertise and databases.

## Iii Iii Iii Iii----26 26 26 26



(a) When developing a detailed IPB of missile-associated RDT&E and production infrastructure:

- Use all available intelligence resources to determine system component
stockage, associated manufacturing processes and subsystems which impact on missile operations.
- Identify the critical nodes within the RDT&E and production complexes such
as difficult to replace manufacturing facilities requiring long lead development time, controlled manufacturing equipment and technology, one-of-a-kind or high value production or test equipment, and component and system integration/test points.
- Correlate specific RDT&E and production functions with specific buildings in
a complex.  Use MSIC and NAIC assessments of system components, production flow, manufacturing techniques/processes to develop candidate facility signatures to support correlations.
- Identify potential RDT&E and production elements which would most
directly impact the conduct of the war.  For example, identify facilities which might support a production surge to increase operational inventories or high priority weapons
modification/development efforts in response to the TMD battle.  See Figure III-3 for a sample infrastructure and production decomposition assessment template.


(b)  The level of RDT&E and production infrastructure within a country depends upon the degree to which indigenous production of TMs is underway.  The five levels of missile production capability are:

- Complete dependence on import of assembled ballistic missile systems; the
RDT&E and production infrastructure is minimal with few facilities.  Focus on missile logistics and off-the-shelve modifications (i.e. extended range Al Hussein).
- Assembly of missile systems from semi-knock down kits (major components
pre-assembled); the RDT&E and production infrastructure is minimal with few final integration and flight test range facilities.
- Assembly of missile systems from complete-knock down kits (missile shipped
in parts with all major components disassembled); the RDT&E and production infrastructure is significant with multiple component assembly and test facilities for specialized and critical assembly and test equipment.
- Indigenous production (missile entirely manufactured in-country from
country's raw materials and general products); the RDT&E and production infrastructure is extensive with multiple component assembly and test facilities for specialized and critical manufacturing equipment.
28

## Infrastructure Functional Decomposition Assessment

Notes:

## Infrastructure Functional Decomposition Assessment

- Indigenous development (missile designed and manufactured in-country from
country's raw materials and general products); the RDT&E and production infrastructure is
comprehensive with complete design and test capability and multiple component assembly and test facilities for specialized and critical manufacturing equipment.


(c)  Production is characterized by manufacturing functions and processes.  A
facility's specific usage varies from country to country.  The following factors will influence a country's actual facility layout and organization:

- Missile system hardware decomposition. - Production functions such as metal forming and working (rolling, extruding,
stamping/pressing, casting, cutting, milling, machining, etc.), metal treating and finishing (heat treating, chemical treating, painting, coating/preparation for storage, etc.),  and electronics fabrication (board manufacture, soldering, component manufacture, cable/harness manufacture, etc.).
- Production labor craft skills (i.e. technicians and engineers of various types,
administration and support personnel, etc.).
- Production environments and fit-to-process including but not limited to
general industrial (rolling, welding, etc.), toxic (chemical treatment, etc.), explosive hazard (explosive loading, etc.), clean (precision fabrication, manufacturing, etc.).
- Overall production flow (time and motion efficiency and common sense). - Test areas.
The desired production rate dictates the degree of parallelism in facilities.  For example, a single machine shop could manufacture all the machined parts in the TM system, however, actual production is likely grouped by manufacturing function (part type, size, materials) system component or assembly, etc.


(2)  Fixed Operational Infrastructure.  During the employment/sustainment phase, TMD IPB operational infrastructure analysis confirms operational status, identifies structures, equipment, and functions, tracks and analyzes deployment patterns, and tracks unit and equipment movements.  A complete analysis of the operational infrastructure involves TMD IPB steps 2 & 3.  Operational infrastructures of interest to the TMD IPB
process at all levels (national, strategic, operational, tactical) are C4I, TM garrisons and ports, storage areas/maintenance/logistics/depots, training garrisons, and training areas. At the national/strategic level, flight test areas/sites are of interest.  At the operational/ tactical levels, field operating areas or deployment areas, field launch areas/sites, field support areas/sites (functions such as - warhead mating, fueling, and transloading) and field hide areas/sites are of interest.

Infrastructure analysis develops a functional evaluation of facilities and/or areas (see Figure B-27 for a suggested template).  This functional evaluation and the mapping of its results for the entire operational infrastructure helps to develop the critical node analysis of the fixed operational infrastructure.


(3)  Assessed Field Operating Areas.  The operational deployment of units and missile equipment begins from missile garrison and storage areas/depots.  The missile garrison houses the missile force (typically a brigade level unit) with its associated GSE.  It may also have missile and warhead storage areas which primarily maintain the original missile condition and reliability by controlling the missile's environment and performing scheduled maintenance and operational checks.  Peacetime deployment areas maintain

## Iii Iii Iii Iii----32 32 32 32

alert force operations, and hence reveal characteristic terrain and doctrinal practices, which probably apply to wartime models.  Training areas are good readiness phase TMD IPB
targets to understand enemy practices regarding the use of terrain and overall threat capabilities.  See Figure B-28 for a suggested field operating area assessment template.


                 (a)  WMD Infrastructure Analysis.  In the context of TMD IPB, WMD

infrastructure analysis is limited to those facilities that support production, test and storage of chemical, biological and nuclear warheads for TMs.  This infrastructure is a subset of the overall WMD infrastructure and may include basic resource and development (R&D), agent production, weapons development, testing, storage and disposal for delivery systems other than ballistic missiles. TMD IPB must draw information from the national level agencies (DIA, CIA, Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center, etc.) which have the primary responsibility for this area.  Analyze the WMD infrastructure to:

-
Locate and monitor operational status of potential warhead storage facilities
and correlate with TMD IPB.
-
Locate missile assembly and fueling facilities.
-
Determine primary LOCs and establish named areas of interest (NAIs).
-
Determine specific chemical and biological warfare agents available for TMs
and specific warhead types (unitary or sublimation).
-
Identify unique TMD indicators (e.g. unique canisters) associated with WMD.

(b)  TM Command, Control and Communications (C3) Infrastructure.  A primary function of joint and service (National Security Agency, Joint Warfare Analysis Center, Air Force Information Warfare Center ["Links and Nodes" analysis under the CONSTANT WEB program], DIA [MIDB], published intelligence studies, and TIBS/TRAP broadcasts)
information warfare analysis efforts is detailed analysis of the C3 infrastructure.  TMD IPB
must use these intelligence sources and focus on identifying the communications infrastructure supporting TM operations and correlating the C3 infrastructure location with other battlespace factors (e.g., terrain, fixed infrastructure).  C3 data vital to the TMD IPB
are:

-
National command centers.
-
Locations where the adversary TM target list is developed and maintained.
-
Brigade command posts.
-
Landline communications and radio or microwave relay networks.
-
Satellite communications (SATCOM) nodes.
-
Intercepted mobile high frequency/very high frequency (VHF) radio
communications. These targets are normally high priority information warfare targets and it is vital to receive updates about their status throughout a conflict.  A C3 overlay needs to be built for use in Step 2.2's area limitation analysis.

(4)  Conclusion.  As with terrain and weather, express other battlespace characteristics in terms of their effects on adversary missile and friendly TMD COAs.  The graphic depictions of the other battlespace characteristics developed during TMD IPB step 2 provide a template to annotate broad COA text assessments.  Some examples are:

-
On the operational TM infrastructure graphic, show COA indications such as:
-
The adversary missile force requires pre-positioned equipment or depends on
long logistics LOCs to maintain deployed operations.

## Iii Iii Iii Iii----34 34 34 34

-
The adversary has three primary deployment routes from this missile garrison.
- On the probable adversary target set graphic, show implied missile operations areas
to highlight the closest target sets.
e.  Step 2.2. - Assess Battlespace Effects on TM Force Capabilities and Broad COAs.
Once the effects of terrain, weather and the other battlespace characteristics have been evaluated and defined, combine them into an integrated product.  For TMD IPB this critical integration step is referred to as area limitation analysis.

(1)  Area Limitation Analysis.  The area limitation analysis produces a detailed area limitation product providing a graphic overlay of likely missile operations areas delineating C4I, TM garrisons and ports, storage areas/logistics/ maintenance/depots, operating areas or deployment areas, field launch areas/sites, field support areas/sites (functions such as - warhead mating, fueling, and transloading; and terms such as - FOL, forward support element, forward operating base, and transload site), and field hide areas/sites.  Also desirable are graphical overlays which correlate key infrastructures (fixed missile infrastructure, probable TM target sets, communication networks (landlines, SATCOM, etc.), road networks, and air defense coverage areas.  Automated terrain analysis tools assist in performing area limitation.  See Figure B-29 for example area limitation assessment inputs.

 (2)  Automated Terrain Analysis Tools.  Automated terrain analysis tools assist in rapidly evaluating terrain for TMD IPB by integrating features and general military information which facilitate movement modeling and locational assessment of mobile targets (See Appendix C).  This process combines analytic assumptions regarding the movement of a target (i.e. speed, direction, destination, and hold times) with the inherent terrain suitability analysis (i.e. road accessibility, elevation, slope, distance from support sites, etc.).  Automated TM terrain analysis is affected by three primary factors:

- Limited potential TM related operational infrastructure (hide sites, potential launch
sites, etc.) databases.
- Limited available digital terrain materials (i.e. terrain elevation data, digital
mapping products, digital road network, and features data, etc.).
- Difficulty in correlating operational restrictions with existing terrain databases and
determining COAs since TM operations favor use of diverse terrain.
Even with automated terrain analysis, some factors may have to be evaluated through map analysis supplemented by reconnaissance and imagery.  NIMA and DIA produce specialized maps, overlays, and data bases to aid in map based evaluations.

36

## Chapter Iv Step 3: Evaluate The Tm Force 1.  What Is It?


a.  Definition.  Step 3 determines TM force capabilities and the doctrinal principles and tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) TM forces prefer to employ.

b.  Desired End Effect.  The desired end effect of Step 3 is to know the TM force capability given the current situation.  This is achieved by developing models which accurately portray how TM forces normally execute operations and how they have previously reacted in similar situations.

## 2.  How To Create Tm Models


Evaluating an adversary involves creating models, identifying capabilities and uses the common understanding of the battlespace established in TMD IPB step 2.  TM models depict how TM forces prefer to conduct operations under ideal conditions and are based on the TM force's normal or "doctrinal" organization, equipment, doctrine, and TTP.  They result from a detailed study of the TM force and address both its temporal and spatial factors.  The model construction can involve in-depth analysis requiring data and expertise from national and theater intelligence organizations.  Construct models prior to deployment and include both graphical depictions and text descriptions of the TM tactics and employment options.  Continue to evaluate the TM force after deployment and update the TM models as required.  TM models consist of doctrinal templates, description of preferred TTP and options, and high value target (HVT) identification (see Figure IV-1).

## 3.  Doctrinal Templates

Doctrinal templates illustrate the TM force's deployment pattern and disposition when not constrained by battlespace environmental effects.  They are scaled graphic depictions of TM force dispositions for a particular type of standard operation and are constructed through an analysis of the intelligence database and an evaluation of the TM force's past operations. To develop doctrinal templates, determine how the TM force organizes for combat and how it deploys and employs its units and various TM assets.  Observe patterns in task force organization, timing, distances, relative locations, groupings and use of the terrain or weather.  Focus on major elements as well as individual HVTs.  Conduct a comprehensive analysis/OB of TM force capabilities (organization, equipment, TTP, and the temporal and spatial factors) by breaking the capabilities down into the following components:

-
Composition - identification and organization of TM units
-
Disposition - physical location of TM units
-
Strength - unit description in terms of personnel, weapons and equipment
-
Tactics - force and unit level tactical doctrine
-
Training - individual and unit level
-
Logistics - supplies and LOCs
-
Combat effectiveness - abilities and fighting quality of a unit
-
C4I OB - unit network, equipment and personnel make-up and array
-
Miscellaneous data - additional intelligence needed to "know your enemy."
Use the MIDB to begin the analysis, but thoroughly evaluate all available databases and published defense intelligence reference documents (DIRDs), and directly interface with national intelligence organizations throughout the process.  Doctrinal templates integrate a mixture of graphic adversary representations for both the force and unit level combined with descriptive text (i.e. a force level coordinated attack plan is expanded by a template subset of individual TEL units deployed throughout the battlespace).  Tailor doctrinal templates to the type of friendly TMD mission being pursued.  Templates for an active defense mission focus on potential and likely TM launch areas, likely TM targets, raid size, maximum and minimum number of missiles per target, types of warheads, and so forth. Templates for an attack operation mission focus on an adversary's TM marshalling areas, likely launch areas, TELs, and command and control facilities supporting TM operations.

To develop the set of TMD IPB templates, start at the TM force level and work down to the individual TM firing battery.  Modify generic template sets to fit the particular TM
force and the available intelligence data by adding new unique templates and omitting or adding data fields as required.  If a crisis occurs and templates are not available prior to deployment, develop a minimum subset of the most critical templates for the deploying or deployed TMD unit.  See Figure B-30 to determine which templates are the most critical for each specific TMD mission.

Once deployed, continually update templates with the latest intelligence. The following describes example doctrinal templates, including attributes, contents, and instructions. These templates provide a graphic overview of the TM organizational structure and force level OB.  This helps visualize both the organizational structure and the national through lowest TM unit C2 structure.  There are no prescribed steps for doing these templates.  Use intelligence databases and expertise from responsible organizations (DIA, MSIC, NAIC and National Ground Intelligence Center {NGIC}).

a.  TM Organizational/C4I Templates.  These templates define the composition and strength of the TM force and define the C4I system used to control those units.


(1)  The first template in this series is a national level TM organizational structure, see Figure IV-2.  The organizational structure delineates the flow of control for peacetime and crisis/wartime.  Since most countries control TMs as strategic assets, the line of control begins at the highest level of execution authority in the country, and extends to the lowest TM unit level.  If known, write key individuals' names, unit designators, skip echelon communication, unit composition, etc. on the graphic.

## Tm National Level Organization And C2  Template

Notes:
1
      President for Life Zodda can use skip echelon communications to bypass national and service level headquarters in the event those elements become
inoperable.
2
      All target selections require RED Presidential written signature
3
      Targets are typically preassigned during peacetime and require 24 to 48 hours from decision to execution during wartime.
4
      Targets not preassigned during peacetime require additional national level staff and field targeting staff work and take an additional 12 to 24 hours over the
standard targeting cycle of 24 to 48 hours.


(2)  The second organizational template graphically depicts the brigade level table of organization and equipment (TO&E) by providing a functional representation of the TM
force, annotating strength in terms of personnel and equipment, and providing detail on specific units assigned at the brigade, battalion and battery levels (See Figure IV-3 for a battalion level example).  Include known specific unit designators and locational data, if available.  TM units worldwide use a high level of operations security (OPSEC) and communications security (COMSEC), which limits available intelligence and hinders construction of this template.  Initiate and maintain the database for this template using the "Facilities, Units and Equipment Views" in the MIDB and supplement with all-source analysis.  One of the most important techniques in constructing the template is a detailed imagery review of the TM unit's home garrisons and supporting depots.  The garrison worksheet (TMD IPB step 2) provides a guide for confirming the functional and equipment status of TM units.  Identify the status of those functions and equipment as confirmed, probable, likely, possible, or doubtful as defined in section 3 of Appendix A.  In addition, consider potential modifications, such as a special weapons storage function being accomplished by a TM force.  Compile results into a new template representing the current assessment of the particular TM force under analysis.

(3)  The final template provides a graphical C4I breakout of the operational communications structure from the national level down to the battery execution level.  It is important to graphically depict the communications connectivity throughout the brigade equivalent structure.  As with the other two templates, write as much detail as possible on the template.

## Tm Unit Level Organization And C2  Template Notes:

1
Field medical services are provided by the brigade
2
The headquarters company is capable of assuming control of any of the firing batteries if required.


b.  TM Equipment Templates.  In terms of equipment, a TM force has a missile system, a launcher, fire control, and GSE.  Equipment template detail varies significantly depending on mission requirements and the time and depth of the TMD IPB analysis.  They address composition, strength, logistics and force effectiveness factors from the OB analysis.  To meet this requirement, develop a set of quick reference templates for the most critical data.  More detailed templates may be developed later for all other equipment areas.


(1)  Missile Data System.  This template provides a quick reference format for key TMD mission parameters and addresses critical information requirements for the TMD IPB.  Required missile system data varies between TMD mission areas (see Figure B-31). Typical data is photograph, external line drawing with dimensions, internal line drawing annotated with propellant type and number of stages, key performance, parameters/ characteristics, warhead data including mass and type, flight trajectories (maximum, 2/3 maximum, and minimum ranges), nominal reaction times, and median in-flight signature data.  Tailor the data template to the specific country of interest (e.g. available warhead types), and augment with textual data such as missile descriptions and operational status. MSIC, NAIC, and Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) are responsible for developing detailed missile engineering data. This data is distributed in missile handbooks, detailed systems reports, engineering reference documents and spot reports.  Data and missile expertise is also accessible through on-line sources such as INTELINK.  Published DIRDs or direct interface with the appropriate intelligence center provide the highly detailed missile design information (see missile R&D infrastructure discussion in TMD IPB step 2) needed for detailed peacetime IPB.

There are two TMD IPB critical analysis areas which go beyond the general information requirements covered by the quick-reference missile equipment template.  The first area is evidence of modified or improved missile system capabilities discovered during the TMD IPB.  It is unlikely that an adversary could develop and deploy a new missile system for which there is no intelligence data.  However, it is possible that an adversary may be able to integrate modifications or improvements to an operational missile for use during a crisis or conflict that have gone undetected by intelligence systems.  The primary modification concerns are performance (changes to an existing missile's range/payload capability), lethality (change or development of new warhead options), and defense penetration (changes to the missile's nominal operation, signature or tactical employment).  Defense penetration operations are likely to include TM tactics and missile equipment changes and thus will become critical TMD IPB issues.  Integrate MSIC, NAIC, and ONI technical expertise into the TMD IPB process to address missile technical issues.

The second important missile consideration for TMD IPB, particularly for the active and passive defense missions, is the specific warhead options available to a country.  Specific warhead options are defined within the intelligence databases and reference sources supporting the TMD IPB.  However, due to the particular importance of this area for the TMD IPB, consider the following questions:


(a)  Has the adversary weaponized nuclear, biological or chemical (NBC)
warheads for TMs?


(b)  Does the adversary have multiple warhead options?  Which ones are better
suited for specific targets?


(c)  Does the adversary have advanced warhead options (i.e. terminal or antiradiation homing)?


(d)  Do a specific country's warhead systems have any unique employment constraints?

(2)  Launchers and GSE.  It is vital to analyze certain TM vehicles for function, value, mobility characteristics, signatures, imagery keys, and other purposes.  This aids in determining HVTs and identifying TM force activity in imagery searches.  In some cases such characteristics provide visual, infrared, and radar recognition guides for attack operations assets.  Begin template development (time and resources dictate scope) by identifying the TM force vehicle complement (See Figure B-32).  Vehicle types to consider in the analysis are missile launcher, missile handling equipment, missile checkout equipment, missile support equipment, missile fueling equipment, and site survey equipment.  Collect data from applicable DIA reference documents, the MIDB "equipment view" and the responsible analysts at DIA, NGIC, MSIC, NAIC, and ONI.  A suggested vehicle template is provided at Figure B-33.  Insert data and applicable graphics as needed.

The most important vehicle for TM operations is the missile launcher. There are three primary types of TM launchers:


 (a)  TEL - Self-powered vehicle with integrated launcher erector mechanism and
on-board equipment compartments and possible internal launch control capability


(b)  Mobile Erector Launchers - Separate towing vehicle required; typical
configuration is missile erector-launcher on flat-bed trailer; mobility is generally more restrictive than a TEL.


(c)  Launch Platforms - Aircraft (cruise missiles and TASMs) and naval vessels
(cruise missiles) are the primary launch platforms available for launching TMs.

A critical missile launcher issue is the possibility of the adversary employing launcher systems not previously included in intelligence estimates.  This employment could take the form of a country having a larger number of launchers of a known type--either indigenously developed or purchased--than previously estimated or indigenously developing a previously unidentified launcher system.  Such systems could span the spectrum from a simple fixed launcher or a simple TEL system to more sophisticated TELs.  Analysts should also consider the potential use of vehicles modified to support missile operations such as one which integrates missile checkout equipment into a single vehicle specifically to reduce the number of support vehicles used in missile operations. Communications between these support vehicles and TM launchers is usually  via tactical wire.  TM forces may also use radio frequency communications which increases the possibility of detection by intelligence sources.  Some TM missiles (ASCMs and TASMs) use radar systems and require at least a search/surveillance radar; others require a tracking and fire control radar.  Radars are detectable when they emit, which allows them to be geographically located for attack operations assets.  Their locations also imply operating areas for the launchers and other supporting functions.  The destruction or disruption of these radars will severely impede a TM unit's operations.

Some TM units employ organic or local air defense equipment in support of TM
operations.  Depending on the situation, the inclusion of air defense equipment templates is important to identify these assets for attack operations.  Use standard air defense equipment data (available in the MIDB or within standard references) as a data source.

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c.  TM TTP.  TM TTP templates show the deployment pattern, disposition, tactics, training and logistics OB factors in graphic, matrix and text form.  They describe the major operations, associated timelines, and options should an operation fail (branches), or subsequent operations should it succeed (sequels).  Doctrinal TTP template development for TM operations is vital in the IPB process.  Depict a TM force's preferred TTP graphically and include text descriptions.  This aids in mentally wargaming the operation's duration during TM COA and situation template development.  Displaying the functions of an operation in time-event charts to show how the TM force normally conducts an operation is another technique.  For example, while it is difficult to depict a large scale TMD operation graphically, the time relationships between the various elements and their normal composition can easily be described in a time-event chart, narrative, or matrix format.  The description addresses characteristic signatures, timelines and phases of the operation (operations, movement, and support), points where units transition from one formation to another, and how the different types of TM equipment contribute to the operation's success. Describe equipment in enough detail to allow later identification of HVTs and high priority targets (HPTs).  Since the target's value usually varies with its role in each phase of the operation, ensure that each phase is separately examined.

The description of the TM force's TTP is developed from an evaluation of its doctrine and past or current operations.  Include a description of the branches and sequels normally available to or preferred by the TM force should the depicted operation succeed or fail. Examine the basic scheme of operations and for each, check how each type of equipment 'fits in' or provides support.  Tag key events or positions on the template (i.e. describe the TM force's normal reaction to a friendly attack operation).



(1)  TM Attack Objectives.  Consider political and military factors, TM weapons system and warhead capabilities, and intelligence available to the TM force to guide target selection when analyzing TM attack objectives.  TMD IPB step 2 summarized the important factors impacting the analysis of TM attack objectives.  The suggested attack objective worksheet (Figure B-34) assists in systematically addressing the important issues impacting TBM employment.  Available intelligence rarely supports stating TM objectives as facts, so qualify assumptions with standard confidence levels (confirmed, probable, etc.).


(2)  TM Tactics.  Developing a detailed assessment of the TM force's tactical operations concept is a critical factor in separating the individual activities within the battlespace.  The aspects of the TM tactics model are:
(a)  Functions Doctrinal Template.  It provides a graphic representation of TM
operations (see Figure B-35) and begins with the missile garrison and the missile/warhead storage depot (fixed infrastructure).  It illustrates the multi-axes movement to the deployment area where operations are geographically dispersed.  Dispersing versus centralizing operations enhances TM survivability at the force, brigade and battalion level. The generic operation template implies the following functions:

-
C2
-
Storage
-
Missiles, warheads, propellants,
-
Missile transporter loading and fueling at the FOL,
-
TEL loading, TEL hide, launch site setup, launch operations, fire control
-
Support and services, security/defense
13

-
Movement and transportation, and engineering support (optional).
Breaking down TM operations helps in understanding TM dispositions.  A deployed TM
force is typically brigade-sized and spread out into battalion-sized deployment areas. Functions are normally redundant within the battalion-sized deployment areas in order to minimize concentration of units, scatter the vehicle movement pattern and increase the effectiveness of camouflage, cover and concealment measures.

The functions template is based on the TM force, in line with operational doctrine, dispersing throughout the battlespace to enhance survivability and effectiveness.  The variation in the model shows functions centralized in one location.  For example, some countries will centralize some missile support functions (storage, transloading, refueling, etc.) in large underground facilities (UGFs).  This tactic significantly reduces the number of vehicles deployed in the battlespace, but gives attack forces a greater opportunity to significantly disrupt operations if the centralized location is successfully identified and attacked.  Examine existing historical exercise data and focus on the employment of support assets as well as the launcher.  Support asset exercise and training indicate a TM force's preference toward either field-dispersed or centralized operations.  Terrain and infrastructure analysis (TMD IPB step 2) also indicate battlespace suitability for one model or the other.  The basic model can serve as a starting point for other missile systems, such as solid propellant systems, which eliminates the need for propellant storage and fueling functions.

(b)  Dispersed Deployment Estimate.  Develop this estimate for the operational brigade level.  Determining the distances between units/functions requires all source analysis, terrain delimitation and tactical judgement.  Focus all-source analysis on doctrinal information, typically contained in human or communications intelligence data,

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combined with exercise/training pattern analysis.  Draw terrain factors supporting dispersed deployment doctrine from the integrated terrain analysis (TMD IPB step 2).



(c)  Time-phased Factors.  Analyze the time-phased factors of the TM operation.
Develop timelines for all TM operational phases in order to correlate the time and distance factors for TM functions being executed on the battlespace.  The TM force's objectives impact the TM time-phased factors.  The worksheet at Figure B-36 includes time-phased factors and target/weapon/warhead correlation.  Important TM time-phased factors are:

-
Time-of-day considerations,
-
Missile launch and arrival timelines, and
-
Execution timelines for specific operations.

Definition of these three elements requires detailed analysis of the adversary's doctrinal and technical capabilities.  To examine time-phased execution, time-event charts and timepattern analysis charts are useful techniques.  Time-event charts depict the sequential flow of the steps needed to execute a specific operation and are constructed for any level of execution.  For instance, a time-event chart shows the broad sequential steps a TM force takes to deploy from  garrison.  For a much more specific operation, such as a missile set-up and launch, the sequential steps would be much more detailed.  The purpose of defining steps to this level of detail is to have a technical understanding of the operational requirements, which drive the timelines.  This understanding will support estimating minimum timelines, pacing events and potential areas where changes to or omission of specific steps could impact timelines and/or performance.  Examples of detailed time-event charts are provided at Figures B-37 and B-38.  The second technique, a time-pattern analysis chart, supports specific operation scheduling and timing analysis, such as the pattern associated with missile launch history.  It is an analysis tool to estimate when specific operations need to occur in order to meet the pattern of observed launch activity.



(3)  Operation Doctrinal Templates.  These templates show the relationships between the TM types of operations.  Begin template development with a comprehensive operation branches and sequels diagram (see Figure B-39).  This diagram forms the basis for doctrinal template development of specific operations.  An alternative to the branches and sequels technique is to detail the conditions for possible variations to the basic operation doctrinal template.  Use the TM functions doctrinal template, and identify a series of possible TM operations.  Next, graphically and in text form depict the specific operations required to perform the function onto doctrinal templates.

These templates represent the entire TM deployment sequence.  Develop operation templates at the lowest individual unit level required to perform the particular function. Breakdown to this level is required in order to identify specific signatures associated with the TM operations and the HVTs required for the operations.  Integration of these operation templates into a TM battlespace situation template is done in TMD IPB step 4 for specific COAs.  Use all-source intelligence analysis to develop operation doctrinal templates and accurately depict times and relative distances.  Notations describe the activity and associated characteristic signature patterns and help to identify HVTs and their locations in time and space.  Several combat operations TTP templates may be needed.  Begin development of TM operation doctrinal templates with a specific missile system and perform detailed analysis of the required operations and characterize each basic operation. Integrate terrain and equipment information particular to the specific operation.  Missile specific manuals (foreign material exploitation information), the intelligence center responsible for the missile system, and country exercise data (missile system operation and employment requirements-based assessments) are good sources of information.

Tailor generic missile system templates to the country of interest.  Integrate terrain factors (TMD IPB step 2) that dictate changes to the generic template.  Overlay countryspecific TO&E data to identify specific variations in support equipment and consider different technical capabilities of the equipment.  The basic components are a graphical depiction of the operation, a functional description, and characteristic signatures addressing site configuration, surrounding environment, accessibility, equipment, and movement patterns.  To illustrate, a series of generic TBM templates follow:


                 (a)  TBM Garrison and Missile/Warhead Storage Depot.  Operational

employment begins at the TM garrison and storage depot.  The TM garrison is normally the peacetime location of the personnel, the brigade's launchers and GSE and can vary significantly in composition.  Most TM garrisons include hardened storage bunkers or tunnels to house critical equipment, particularly launchers, and vehicle maintenance and small unit training areas.  Normally, missile systems and warheads are not stored at the garrison (except for some training and emergency alert supplies), but maintained in storage depots.  A typical storage depot includes hardened bunkers for separate airframe and warhead storage and assembly/ checkout areas for routine and major maintenance.



(b)  TBM Field Deployed Storage Sites.  TM units usually use dispersed storage locations for field operations.  Missile systems are normally stored unfueled (liquid propellant only), but in a ready condition with only limited additional checkout required. Missiles are normally stored on missile transporters or triple carry frameworks.  Warheads, especially NBC types, are usually stored separately.  Propellant is stored in prepositioned IV
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17
storage containers, or storage containers carried on cargo trucks.  Liquid-propellant is stored in standard-sized containers or oversized storage tanks.



(c)  TBM FOL.  Missile preparation in the field is done at the FOL, which is typically a deployed area of operations.  The FOL site is normally dispersed for increased security and vehicles use cover, concealment, and camouflage.  It can encompass several square km, though consolidating the FOL functions into a single location (a UGF or an above ground building or cleared area), is an alternate possibility.  The primary field preparation activities are missile and warhead mating, limited missile checkout/maintenance, missile transporter loading (direct TEL loading at FOL is also possible), and missile fueling operations (liquid-propellant systems only).


(d)  TBM Transloading Area.  This is the location where fueled, ready missiles are loaded onto the TEL.  TEL loading can be done at the FOL, but for OPSEC reasons the doctrinal template depicts this function performed at a separate field location or UGF. Develop a separate timeline template for the transloading operation detailing specific steps.



(e)  TBM Hide Site.  The TM hide site refers to TEL cover and concealment positions with the most important locations being those which support hiding pre- and post- TEL launches.  Based on general operational practices, these sites are located within a few km and several minutes travel time of a launch site.  This pattern analysis helps to establish the current position of the TEL after a launch.  Use analysis of wartime launch activity to revalidate or modify patterns and distance/time estimate.  TM forces also employ long-term hide sites which are at greater distances from the launch areas but usually within tens of km from support areas.  Routine TEL maintenance is probably performed at long-term hide sites.



(f)  TBM Launch Site.  The TM fire position is referred to as the launch site.
TMD IPB uses terrain analysis to determine potential launch sites.  Characteristic signature guidelines provide constraints for the area limitation analysis of potential launch areas.  However, the combination of broad TM flexibility and limited fidelity terrain data make classification of launch sites a difficult and tenuous process.



(g)  TBM Launch Operations.  An actual missile launch operation takes less than a minute once all pre-launch set activity is complete, though terrain, weather and TTP constraints can impact the launch procedure.  Cable and hoses connecting the launcher to the missile are normally replaced after each launch, so it takes minimally several minutes before the launcher can begin travel.  Preparing the launcher for travel can be an automated sequence.


(h)  TM Support and Services.  Combat service support is the total logistical and administrative effort required to maintain the TM capability to fight.  Its functions include missile, warhead and propellant (if applicable) storage, vehicle maintenance support, medical, mess, supply, etc.  Very little missile maintenance occurs in the field.


(i)  TM Security/Defense.  Security/defense measures that deployed missile units primarily use are passive defense measures (against visual and electronic detection), physical site security, and air defense (either through organic or non-organic assets). Protection of TM assets against sensors and air and ground attack assets, including SF, is a high priority because of their strategic value.  A TM unit's inherent small unit mobility, dispersed operational modes, and passive and active defense measures (camouflage, concealment, and deception (CCD) techniques) help provide missile force survivability. Analysis of terrain cover and concealment factors (TMD IPB step 2) impact missile operating area selection.  Visual detection is complicated by planned movement under conditions of low visibility, equipment siting and light and noise discipline.  A wide range of camouflage techniques (paints, nets, covers, and obscurants) are integrated into missile operations.  The use of decoy launchers, radar corner reflectors, and other techniques vary in fidelity and scale.  Integrate analysis of OPSEC CCD practices throughout the doctrinal template development process.  TM units, lightly armed, perform physical security against US and allied SF operations with security patrols, defensive perimeters and possibly listening/observation posts.

COMSEC is a demonstrated strength of TM forces worldwide because they use landlines and couriers and avoid radio communications in wartime.  When they do use electronic communications equipment, they employ directional antennas, low power VHF radios, unscheduled transmission patterns of short duration and coded messages.

d.  HVT Identification.  HVTs are assets that the adversary commander requires for successful completion of the mission.  Identify HVTs from database evaluation, doctrinal and TTP templates, supporting narrative, and the use of tactical judgement.  Develop the initial list of HVTs by mentally wargaming and thinking through the operation.  Consider how the TM force will use each type of equipment to accomplish specific operational functions.  Use target relative value matrices to evaluate HVTs.  Target value matrices measure a target's relative worth, gives the rationale for attacking each type of target, and the resulting effects on the operation.

First rank order the operational functions the TM force is performing (Figure B-40).
This identifies assets which are key to executing the primary operation or are needed to satisfy decision criteria or initial adoption of branches and sequels.  Next, determine how

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the TM force might react to the loss of each identified HVT and consider its ability to substitute other assets or adopt alternate branches and sequels to the operation.  To develop target sets, group important assets into the following categories:

 (1)  C3
(2)  Fire support (includes missiles, TELs, and support) (3)  Air defense (4)  Engineer (5)  RSTA (6)  NBC (includes support elements and weapons) (7)  Radio electronic combat or EW assets (8)  Bulk fuels (storage and refueling assets) (9)  Missile and warhead storage/distribution points (10) Maintenance and repair units (11) Transportation
 (12) LOCs (roads, bridges, railheads, transloading facilities, airfields, choke points)

Finally, rank order the identified HVT set with regard to each HVT's relative worth to the TM force's operation.  Record as part of the adversary model.  The value of HVTs usually vary over the course of an operation.  Identify the changes in value by operational phase and make annotations.

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## Chapter V Step 4: Determine Tm Courses Of Action 1.  What Is It?


a.  Definition.  Step 4 identifies and develops likely TM COAs that will influence accomplishment of the TMD mission.

b.  Desired End Effect. The desired end effect of Step 4 is to replicate the set of specific COAs that the TM commander and staff are executing and considering.  All specific COAs that will influence the friendly TMD mission need to be identified including NAIs, HVTs, and TM COA branches and sequels.

## 2.  How To Do It

The primary steps in Step 4 are shown in Figure V-1.  Step 4 is a general process for developing and determining TM force COAs (See Figure V-2).  One example of a TM COA is for an adversary's TM forces to deploy from their peacetime garrison locations to their wartime forward operating locations to target airfields and port facilities to prevent allied forces from completing their lodgment phase operations.  Another TM COA - used unsuccessfully by the Iraqis in the Gulf War - is to target a third party non-belligerent with the goal of forcing that country to enter into the conflict with resultant political consequences.

a.  Identify Objectives and Desired End States.  State these in simple, one-line bullet statements and ensure that confidence levels are clearly identified.  Rarely is sufficient intelligence available to state the objectives and desired end state as facts.  Even during non-combat operations the TM force has objectives, such as maintaining combat readiness while remaining in cover.


b.  Identify the Full Set of Available COAs.  Consider the following when developing:

(1)  The probable doctrinal COAs given the current situation and the likely objectives.  This requires understanding the adversary's decision-making process and perception of the current situation.


(2)  The TM COAs which could significantly influence the command's mission, even if doctrine considers them infeasible or "sub-optimum" under current conditions.  Consider any indirect or "wildcard" COAs that the TM force is capable of executing.


(3)  The TM COAs indicated by recent activities and events.  To avoid surprise from an unanticipated COA, consider all possible explanations for the TM activity in terms of possible COAs.


(4)  Asymmetric and asynchronous threats which could impact TMD operations.


Consider each COA subset independently to avoid forming biases that restrict the analysis and evaluation.  Once subsets have been evaluated separately, combine them to eliminate redundancy and minor variations.  Compare the consolidated list to TM capabilities (TMD IPB step 3) to eliminate any non-executable COAs.  Based on the capabilities evaluation, select TM models that will accomplish the likely TM objectives. The effects of the battlespace (TMD IPB step 2) influence their application as COAs. Typically terrain, weather, and other characteristics of the battlespace environment "offer" a limited set of COAs, encouraging some while discouraging others.  Start with general COAs open to the adversary, such as "deploy to field," "maintain combat readiness in the field," and "multiple missile combat operations."  Define each general COA  further as a set of specific COAs by integrating the TM models from Step 3 with the description of the battlespace's effects from Step 2.  For example, a general COA such as "single missile combat operations" might be further defined as a set of specific COAs such as "with SCUD Bs from a specific geographic area using chemical warfare warheads ... against the enemy command center."  TM factors to consider are:

 (1)  Intent or desired end state and likely attack objectives.

(2)  Effects of the battlespace environment on operations and broad COAs.

(3)  Vulnerabilities or shortages in equipment or personnel and current dispositions.
(4)  Location of main and supporting efforts and perception of friendly forces and
efforts to present an ambiguous situation or achieve surprise.

Each identified COA should meet the following criteria:

(1)  Suitability.  A COA must have the potential for accomplishing the TM force's likely objective or desired end state.  If the COA is successfully executed, will it accomplish the objective?

(2)  Feasibility.  To determine the feasibility of a COA, consider the time and space, resources, and physical means required to successfully execute the COA.  Force compositions or other factors might indicate the lack of means to accomplish likely TM objectives.  Consider all actions that could create the conditions needed for success before discounting the COA completely.  For example, the adversary might conduct economy of force operations in some sectors in order to generate sufficient combat power for offensive operations in others.  A lack of resources might force the TM force to violate its own doctrine in order to accomplish its objective.  Avoid surprise, consider any seemingly radical measure that may be taken to create the conditions for success.

(3)  Acceptability.  Consider the amount of risk a TM force will accept in adopting the COA.  Can it afford the resource expenditure for an uncertain chance at success?  This is a subjective judgement based on knowledge of the TM force and its doctrine.  Sometimes the TM force might undertake otherwise unfavorable COAs, if they are the only means to accomplishing its objective.

(4)  Uniqueness.  Each COA must be significantly different from the others or else consider it a variation rather than a distinct COA.  Consider the following factors to determine if a COA is "significantly" different:


(a)  Its effect on the friendly mission.

(b)  Exposure of force assets and location.

(c)  Employment concept and task organization.

(5)  Consistency with Doctrine.  Each COA must be consistent with TM doctrine. The evaluation of consistency is based on written doctrine and observations of the TM force's past application of that doctrine.  Check the intelligence database and templates from TMD IPB step 3 for this information.  Do not overlook TM efforts to achieve surprise by deviating from known doctrine or using "wildcard" COAs.

(6)  Additional Considerations.  Consider the following guidelines to identify the full set of available COAs:


(a)  Account for the effect of or the TM force's perception of friendly dispositions,
when determining the available TM COAs.  Conduct a "reverse IPB" by replicating the process that the TM force is using to discern friendly COAs.

(b)  Focus on those COAs that will affect accomplishment of the friendly
command's mission.  Include indications that the TM force might adopt a COA that favors accomplishment of the command's mission.  This prepares the commander to take advantage of opportunities that might arise.

(c)  Identify the *full* set of COAs available to the TM force.  History repeatedly
demonstrates that those who predict only one COA are often surprised by the adversary.


c.  Evaluate and Prioritize Specific COA.  The resulting set of COAs depicts the full set of options available to the TM force.  It is not possible to predict with complete accuracy which of the COAs the TM force will employ because the identified TM force COAs are predictive, *not exclusively facts*.  The templates at Figures B-41 and B-42 assist in listing COAs and prioritizing them.  The commander and staff need to develop a plan targeted at one of the COAs, while still allowing for contingency options if the TM force chooses another COA.  Therefore, evaluate and prioritize each COA according to its likely adoption by the TM force.  An initial priority list allows the staff to plan for friendly COAs.  Even after the commander selects a friendly COA, continue to reorder the TM COAs according to the situation and any change in the adversary's perception of friendly forces.

In developing TM COAs for TMD, focus on the types of COAs the TMD command may execute based on the adversary's predicted targeting strategy and his terrain and weapon limitations.  For instance, the TMD unit wants to use TMD systems to their best advantage over adversary missile launches.  Specific details on TM launch areas, targets, attack structure, flight azimuths, etc. allow adjustment of TMD radar systems.  Similarly, the attack operations unit wants to quickly react to TM activity when on SCUD hunting missions.  Focus COA development on those data elements, which provide the highest leverage for TMD commanders.  To prioritize each TM COA:

 (1)  Analyze each to identify its strengths and weaknesses, centers of gravity,
decisive points and risk factor.
 (2)  Evaluate how well each meets the criteria of suitability, feasibility, acceptability,
uniqueness and consistency with doctrine.
 (3)  Evaluate how well each takes advantage of the battlespace environment.
(4)  Consider that the TM force may choose the second or third "best" COA while
attempting a deception operation portraying acceptance of the "best" COA.
(5)  Analyze recent TM activity to determine if there are indications that a specific
COA is being adopted.  Do current dispositions favor one COA over others?


d.  Expand Each COA in the Amount of Detail Time Allows.  Once the complete set of TM COAs has been identified, evaluated, and prioritized, develop each COA with as much detail as the situation requires and time allows.  Develop each in the order of its priority and the commander's guidance.  Each COA should answer the following five questions:

(1)  WHAT - the type of operation (i.e. deploy, attack, or maintain). (2)  WHEN - the time the action will begin (state this in terms of the earliest time
that the TM force can adopt the COA under consideration).
(3)  WHERE - the COA sectors, zones, direction of attack, and objectives. (4)  HOW - the method (i.e. dispositions, location of main effort, the scheme of
maneuver, and how it will be supported) the TM force uses to employ its assets.

(5)  WHY - the TM objective or end state.

Time permitting, the final product should consist of a comprehensive, detailed set of TM
COAs.  Each developed TM COA has the following four parts:

 (1)  Situation Template.  Situation templates are graphic depictions of the expected TM dispositions should a particular COA be adopted.  Several templates represent different
"snapshots in time" and start with the TM force's initial array of forces.  They depict points where the TM force might adopt branches or sequels to its main COA, places where the TM force is especially vulnerable, or other key points in the battlespace (i.e. initial contact or TM operations against friendly forces).  Use situation templates to support staff wargaming and to develop event templates and event matrices.

Begin construction of a situation template with the TM model from TMD IPB step 3, representing the operation under consideration.  Overlay the doctrinal template on the products that depict the battlespace environment's effects on operations from TMD IPB step 2.  Use the integrated area limitations product to build the situation template (Figure V-3).  This approach combines the TM force's doctrine for fighting (TMD IPB step 3 ) with the environment (integrated area limitation product) from TMD IPB step 2, and the current intelligence situation.  Using judgment and knowledge of TM tactics and doctrine (see TM model), account for battlespace environmental effects and adjust the dispositions portrayed on the doctrinal template.  There will be many options, so consider the situation from the TM commander's point of view when selecting from among them.
The situation template is a checkpoint to ensure that all the major assets have been accounted for, and that none have been inadvertently duplicated.  This ensures that the template reflects the main effort identified for this COA.  Compare the depicted dispositions to the known TM doctrine, checking for consistency.  Always consider the TM force's desire to present an ambiguous situation and achieve surprise.  Include as much detail as the time and situation warrant in the template.  For example, if the TM force is conducting multiple missile combat operations, identify the operations' likely launch and hide sites, FOLs, and transloading areas.  Depict the locations and activities of the HVTs listed in the TM model. Next, using preferred TM TTP (accompanies the doctrinal template), evaluate the COA's scheme of maneuver.  Visualize how the TM force transitions from its current positions to those depicted on the template and consider its scheme of maneuver through the COA's success or failure.  Identify points where forces will transition from one formation to another, potential hide sites, and etc.  After working though the scheme of maneuver, determine how each of the TM systems "fits in" and supports the operation.

The command level and type of operation have a direct bearing on the detail that goes into each situation template.  At *strategic* levels, situation templates might focus on the shift of TM forces from garrison to field deployment as well as political and economic developments that may indicate an adversary's intent to use TMs.  NAIs highlighting these actions can sometimes encompass large regions.  At *operational* levels, the situation
10
template might focus on groups of TM vehicles, operating areas, and LOCs.  Operational NAIs may be large operating areas or logistical support areas.  At *tactical* levels, the focus may be on individual vehicles in TM dispositions.  These NAIs are often "pinpoint" locations such as road junctions or small unit battle positions.  Tailor the situation templates to the factors that are important to the commander or mission area.  For example, if the important factor is TM launchers, focus on them when determining and developing TM COAs and produce a situation template that shows only the location and movement routes TM launchers, their likely employment areas and NAIs.

Depicting TM movement by evaluating time and space factors develops time phase lines
(TPLs).  TPLs are drawn on the template to depict the expected progress of the operation and are based on the doctrinal TM rates of movement, with some modification.  Evaluate and compare actual database movement rates with written doctrine.  Consider battlespace environmental effects on mobility by using terrain analysis systems, such as generic area limitation environment (GALE).  Some situation templates can be presented in a matrix format.  For example, a situation template in matrix form could show one COA for a TM strike against friendly targets.  The timeline could indicate spacing between the various elements as well as the time each element is expected within each NAI.

(2)  Description of the COA and Options.  Describe TM activities and systems depicted on the situation template either in text form or with a detailed "synchronization matrix".  Address timelines to include the earliest time the TM force COA can be executed, phases associated with the COA, and probable TM command decisions made during and after COA execution.  Use the TM COA depiction and timeline to support staff wargaming and to develop event template and supporting indicators.  As the TM force approaches friendly decision points (DP), record each decision and its timeline into the TM COA
depiction.  DPs are points in space and time where the commander anticipates making a decision concerning his specific friendly COA.  These decisions are usually triggered by specific threat force activity and are normally associated with one or more NAIs. This is the basis for developing TM branches or sequels, if they are needed to support friendly planning.  Record any decision criteria that is associated with a DP.


(3)  HVTs.  As the situation template is prepared and mentally wargamed, note how and where each TM force activity and asset provides critical support to the COA.  This leads to HVT identification.  The list of HVTs in the TM model serves as a guide and may not be all-encompassing.  Determine the COA effect of losing each HVT and identify likely TM responses.  Each HVT's relative worth varies depending on the specific situation and COA execution.  Identify times or phases in the COA when the target is most valuable to the TM commander and make appropriate notations on the HVT list.  Transfer the refined and updated HVT list to the situation template.  The list supports staff wargaming and the targeting process.  Note on the situation template where HVTs must appear or be employed to make the operation successful.  Highlight these locations at or just before the times they are most valuable.

(4)  HPTs.  HPTs are those targets whose loss to the enemy will significantly contribute to the success of the friendly COA. Identify HPTs by correlating the HVT list with the selected friendly COA.  In accordance with the commander's intent, the operations and targeting staff may also select HPTs that are not on the TMD IPB HVT list.  The end result is a list of HPTs which must be successfully attacked in order to successfully accomplish the friendly commander's mission.

12

e.  Identify Initial Collection Requirements.  After identifying the set of potential TM
COAs, determine which one will be adopted.  Initial collection requirements aid in this identification.  To identify these requirements, predict specific areas and activities, which when observed, will confirm which COA the TM force has chosen.  NAIs are the areas, routes, and points where key events are expected to occur.  NAIs can be:

- Large areas, such as brigade or battalion field operating areas; often referred to as
"SCUD Boxes" or "TM Operating Areas."
- Normal or focused areas, such as terrain, over which TM units are expected to move
and suitable field operating areas (i.e. launch and hide sites).
-
Linear routes, such as roads or waterways.
-
Point locations, such as road intersections and fixed facilities.
NAIs are typically hierarchical in nature.  A large area NAI may include many area, linear and point NAIs.  Linear NAIs, such as roads, may contain point NAIs, such as road intersections.  Indicators are the activities which identify the selected COA (see Figure B-43 for an aid in documenting NAIs).

(1)  The Event Template.  The differences between the NAIs, indicators, and COA
phases of operations form the basis of the event template (See Figure V-4).  The event template (see Figure B-44) is a guide for collection, reconnaissance, and surveillance planning.  It aids in determining which COA the TM force has adopted by showing where to collect the information.  Since single TMD event templates may not be practical, considerable cooperation amongst all the friendly TMD intelligence elements within a multiservice TMD environment is needed.  One method is to produce multiple event templates at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels and for the TMD operation they
13
are supporting (i.e. active defense, passive defense, and attack operations).  Evaluate each COA to identify its associated NAIs.  It is important to mentally wargame execution of the COA and note places where activity must occur if that COA is adopted.  Pay particular attention to times and places TM HVTs enter or use areas, so that they can be easily acquired and engaged.  These areas evolve into NAIs and together with the correct use of DPs and timelines can support targeting.  Allow enough time from the verification of an NAI activity and the decision to target to asset identification and strike mission.  Consider those places the TM force expects to take certain actions or make certain decisions.  An NAI can be a specific point, a route, or an area and can match obvious natural terrain features or arbitrary features, such as engagement areas.  Make NAIs large enough to encompass the activity, which indicates the TM COA.  Compare and contrast COA associated NAIs and indicators with each other and identify any differences.  Place emphasis on the differences that most reliably confirm or deny the adoption of a COA.  Mark the selected NAIs on the event template.  The initial event template focuses only on identifying which of the predicted COAs the TM force has adopted.  Later, it will be updated and refined to support friendly decisions identified during staff wargaming.

(2)  The Event Matrix.  The event matrix supports the event template by providing details on the type of activity expected in each NAI, the times the NAI is expected to be active, and its relationship to other events in the battlespace.  It plans intelligence collection and serves as an aid to situation development (see Figure B-45).  Examine the events associated with each NAI on the event template and restate in the form of indicators.  Enter the indicators into the event matrix along with the times they are likely to occur.  By using the situation template's phases of operations or the COA description, establish the expected times in the event matrix .  If there is a latest-time-information-of-
14
value timeline, based on the expected flow of events, record it into the event matrix as a guide for the collection manager.

(3)  Additional Considerations.  To identify initial collection requirements consider the following:


(a)  Differences between COAs can consist of different TPLs or indicators associated with a particular NAI, but are usually reflected in different NAIs.


(b)  TM deception can affect the reliability of each event as an indicator.

(c)  During staff wargaming, a decision support template (DST) can incorporate NAIs to support decisions by the commander and track HPTs.  Develop additional NAIs from potential NAIs identified on the situation templates and the results of decisions made during friendly COA wargaming.  TM COA models drive friendly COA wargaming and aid in the construction of the command's DST and other staff synchronization tools used during mission execution.  Disseminate these TM COA models as widely as possible.

The event template and event matrix, once completed, form the basis for planning collection strategies, synchronizing intelligence with friendly operations, and preparing the collection plan.  In some cases, the event template might be disseminated in the form of a collection graphic to support intelligence planning and collection by other units.  The collection plan, based on the event template and matrix, determines the types, quantity, and quality of future intelligence fed into the TMD IPB process.  The ability to improve the TMD IPB process and output depends on the quality of the event template and matrix.

f.  Identify Target Nominations. After identifying potential TM COAs and establishing initial collection requirements, identify as many targets as possible for attack operations. To identify HVTs, predict specific points, areas, equipment, and activities which, when observed from established collection requirements, reveal TM targets for attack operations. The result is an HVT nomination list, an event template and an event matrix.  Develop the event template and matrix using the same guidelines as those for identification of initial collection requirements, but focus on HVTs.  The completed event template and matrix aid in target planning for attack operations. Certain HVTs are nominated during the command staff wargaming process to become HPTs and make their engagement an integral part of the friendly COA under consideration.  HVT graphic and targeting materials may also be required (see Figure B-46).  The TMD IPB process produced a number of graphics, textual descriptions, and imagery products, some of which are used within target folders.  Package and give these and any updated products to the target planners as some targets may not have target folders built or may have only partial target folders.

17

## Appendix A

COMMON TMD IPB PROCE
COMMON TMD IPB PROCE
COMMON TMD IPB PROCE
COMMON TMD IPB PROCESSES
                   SSES
                    SSES
                   SSES

## 1.  Introduction


There are several common processes used throughout the TMD IPB process.  It requires a great deal of discipline, but it is essential that the basics are followed in order to complete and maintain an adequate TMD IPB for the command.

## 2.  Graphics And Templates


a.  Graphics are basic to TMD IPB analysis and best communicate the intelligence picture.  They assist but do not replace battlespace analysis and the intelligence estimate and are the basis for intelligence and operational planning.  Currency is maintained through graphic renewal or update.  Currently, the majority of IPB analysis is done manually; a time and manpower intensive process.  Exploit automated  graphical analysis and display of IPB; it is worth the investment of time and resources.  Automated tools are particularly useful when dealing with time critical targets (TCT)/time sensitive targets. Use available automation, time, resources, and personnel to produce the graphics which are most beneficial to the command and distribute TMD IPB products to subordinate units when feasible.  This maximizes unit efficiency and permits subordinate units to expand on higher level TMD IPB products or produce others unique to their unit mission.


b.  Adversary evaluation and integration.  This is achieved by templating.  Templates are normally graphical illustrations, but can be in a matrix, tabular, textual, or other format.  Templates provide a visualization of the intelligence databases and have numerous purposes and functions.  Terrain and weather factor overlays, for example, depict the effects of terrain and weather on potential TM COAs.  Templates graphically depict TM force capabilities, TM force characteristics (i.e. force dispositions, weapons and equipment), predict probable TM force COAs, and confirm or refute predictions.  Templates need to be dynamic and continuously updated to maintain a current assessment of the TM force status.  The TMD IPB process normally produces four types of templates:
(1)  General - Provides general information (terrain, weather, and etc.) not fitting into the next three types of templates and not related to specific TM force operations.


(2)  Doctrinal - Provides unconstrained weather and terrain TM force TTP.
Depicted information includes depths, composition, formations, TO&E, and HVTs.

 (3)  Situation - Depicts how the TM force might deploy and operate when constrained by weather and terrain.  These templates normally depict TM force COAs.


(4)  Event - Depicts where critical events and activities are expected to occur and critical targets expected to appear.  Depicted information includes NAIs and HPTs.


Establish a consistent format for all templates.  The particular format is not as important as consistency.  The format depends greatly on whether the templates will be distributed electronically, hardcopy, or both.  Electronic templates look and feel very different than hardcopy templates.  They also vary depending on the type of software and computer.  For example, commercial off the shelf (COTS) software may impose limitations on a consistent format, but have benefits generally not available in non-COTS software.

This TTP illustrates only hardcopy template formats using a two-part concept.  The first part/page is the template cover page and provides valuable overview and classification information (see Figures B-1 & B-2).  The second part/follow-on page(s) is the body/
analytical content of the template (see Figures B-3 - B-46).  The templates and formats are illustrative and can be freely used for actual TMD IPB development, but are not the only suitable formats.  Tailor formats to the needed product, customer, and unique situation(s). The rest of this TTP shows only the second part/follow-on page(s) of the illustrative and blank example template(s).

## 3.  Knowns Versus Assumptions

TMD IPB development distinguishes between what is known with confidence (based on the situational facts and adversary) and what are untested assumptions.  Intelligence can be an observed fact or a conclusion based on facts of such certainty that it is considered to be knowledge.  It can also be conclusions and estimates deduced from incomplete sets of facts or deduced from potentially related facts.  Make and maintain these distinctions when using intelligence for operations.  The commander may decide objectives and operations based on whether the intelligence is "fact" or assumption, its confidence level, and the particular logic used to develop the intelligence estimate.

"Tell me what you know ... tell me what you don't know ... tell me what you think ... always distinguish which is which."

Adapt an internal methodology for tracking the reliability and credibility of TMD IPB
intelligence analysis and conclusions and for presenting consistent and uniform information to decision makers.  The intelligence community uses three methodologies, which can be used independently or in conjunction with each other, to assess information validity.  The three methodology scales are confidence level,  source reliability, and information credibility.  The latter two are typically used with HUMINT information, but are equally applicable to many other types of information.


a.  Confidence-level scale:
(1)  HIGH PROBABILITY (CONFIRMED) - 95 percent
(2)  PROBABLE - 75-94 percent (3)  LIKELY - 50-74 percent (4)  LOW PROBABILITY (UNLIKELY) - 5-49 percent
 (5)  VERY LOW PROBABILITY (VERY UNLIKELY or DOUBTFUL) - 4 percent

b.  Source reliability scale:
 (1)  A - COMPLETELY RELIABLE
(2)  B - USUALLY RELIABLE (3)  C - FAIRLY RELIABLE (4)  D - NOT USUALLY RELIABLE (5)  E - UNRELIABLE (6)  F - CANNOT BE JUDGED

c.  Information credibility scale:
(1)  1 - SEVERAL CONFIRMATIONS (2)  2 - PROBABLY TRUE (3)  3 - POSSIBLY TRUE (4)  4 - DOUBTFUL (5)  5 - IMPROBABLE

## (6)  6 - Cannot Be Judged 4.  All Source Approach


Evaluate, correlate, and integrate information and intelligence from all sources into TMD IPB products to present the most complete, accurate, and objective views possible. Joint operations in particular require complete and composite views of the situation and TM forces.  Using and having access to all information and intelligence sources is essential to understanding the actual situation, because single-source intelligence analysis may lead to incomplete assessments.  Use of the all-source concept and methodology reduces the risks of deception and all-source collection and analysis help to identify and frustrate an adversary's deception and denial attempts.  All-source intelligence fusion begins with collection and production planning.  Each source can provide useful information and cues for other source collection and exploitation.

a.  Sources.  The intelligence community divides sources into several distinct categories, each with a unique contribution to the TMD IPB process.  They are imagery intelligence (IMINT), SIGINT, HUMINT, MASINT, open source intelligence, scientific and technical (S&T) intelligence or technical intelligence, and counterintelligence.

A multitude of sensors are available to perform the many intelligence collection missions.  They vary in their technical performance (weather plays a limiting role) and capabilities.  The same sensor can vary in performance when used in different ways.  For example, the range and angle that a sensor is employed greatly affects the resolution of its product.  To understand basic advantages, disadvantages, products, and timeliness of different sensor types, see Tables A-1 and A-2. for a basic matrix of general sensor type characteristics.


b.  Classification of Sources.  The all-source approach stresses using all available intelligence to include sources classified up to and including top secret (TS) sensitive compartmented information (SCI).  Overall, most source reports are classified TS/SCI, but a lot of the information is classified at the collateral level.  Valuable information that is not collateral can usually be sanitized to the collateral level.  When information has to remain at the TS/SCI classification level, distribute separate TS/SCI TMD IPB products to those with the proper clearances and need to know.

c.  Typical Types of Intelligence Reports.  Reports are verbal or written explanations of intelligence information and are generally prepared by reconnaissance aircrews or by imagery analysts who glean information from reconnaissance imagery.  Each of the various intelligence reports possesses unique characteristics of timeliness and precision and the intelligence requester needs to know them to tailor requests to actual information needs. See Table A-2, JP 2-01, and the following paragraphs for descriptions of typical intelligence reports.

(1)  In-flight Report (INFLTREP).  Aircrews and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
operators use the INFLTREP to report mission results or other sighted tactical information of such importance and urgency that the delay (if reported by normal debriefing) would negate the usefulness of the information. The INFLTREP is a voice-only message.
(2)  Reconnaissance Exploitation Report.  This provides an abbreviated imagery interpretation report for tactical reporting.  It is normally transmitted within 45 minutes

Sensor/Intelligence Matrix
SENSOR TYPE
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
PRODUCTS
TIMELINESS*
IMINT Other than Visible Spectrum
Forward looking infrared
Both day and night
Stand off range
Weather obscuration Field of view Resolution Dusk/dawn crossover Rain washout
Infrared linescanner
Both day and night
High resolution
Stand off range Weather obscuration Field of view Resolution
Dusk/dawn crossover
Rain washout
Ultraviolet linescanner
High resoultion
May "see thru" camouflage
Day only Weather obscuration View time Field of view
Multi-spectral fusion sensors
Both day and night
Medium resolution
Weather obscuration Field of view
Video report INFLTREP
>4 hours Near real time
IMINT Visible Spectrum
Image-intensified video
Night
Medium resolution
No day capability Standoff
Video report IINFLTREP
>4 hours Near real time
Framing camera - wet film
Resolution
Standoff range
Timeliness View time Weather obscuration Information dissemination Day only
Framing camera - digital
Standoff
Timeliness
Resolution Viewtime Weather obscuration
Framing camera - electrooptical
Standoff
Timeliness Resolution
Video
Timeliness
Resolution
Weather obscuration Day only Information dissemination
Video report INFLTREP
>1 hour Near real time
Hard copy Video report INFLTREP
>4 hours >4 hours Near real time
Hard copy Video report INFLTREP
>4 hours >4 hours Near real time 1-2 hours 12-24 hours
Textual report Photos Oblique Vertical Panoramic
>1 hour >1 hour
Textual report Photos Oblique Vertical Panoramic
>1 hour
>1 hour
View time
Weather obscuration
Textual report
Photos Oblique Vertical Panoramic
>1 hour >1 hour Near real time
Videotape Textual report INFLTREP
Sensor/Intelligence Matrix
SENSOR TYPE
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
PRODUCTS
TIMELINESS
IMINT - Radar
Side-looking airborne radar
Area coverage
All-weather Day and night
Inverse synthetic aperture radar
High resolution Range independent Standoff range Best for maritime targets
Synthetic aperture radar
Moving target indicator
Best for land targets
Range independent
Standoff range
Forward looking airborne radar
Standoff range Small target detection
Resolution Target classification
Video Textual report INFLTRPT
Ground surveillance radar
Timeliness Resolution
Range
Report
Near real time
Visual Intelligence
Surface-aggressive (cavalry)
Direct observation
Possible loss of
reconnaissance asset Limited range Field of view
Surface-stealth (cavalry/ reconnaissance)
Direct observation
Limited range
Field of view
Report
Near real time
SOF
Direct observation
Limited range
Field of view Need for clandestine insertion/extraction
Aircrew
Direct observation
Limited view
Time Standoff Reference for information
SIGINT
ELINT
Passive detection of noncommunications radiation
Target must emit in order to collect intelligence
Report
Near real time
Communications intelligence
Passive detection of
communications
Target must emit in order to collect intelligence
Report
Near real time
Foreign instrumentation signals intelligence
Passive detection of telemetry and other data
Target must emit in order to collect intelligence
Report
<1 hour
MASINT
MASINT
Passive detection
Measures specific emitter data
Requires interpretation
Report
<1 hour
Acoustic
Active acoustic
Timeliness
Able to work subsurface
Thermal layer blockage Standoff Possible loss of sensor platform
Passive acoustic
Timeliness
Thermal layer blockage
Range
Report
Near real time
| Requires interpretation    | Video            |
|----------------------------|------------------|
| Textual report             |                  |
| Dry film                   |                  |
| INFLTREP                   |                  |
| <1 hour                    |                  |
| <1 hour                    |                  |
| <1 hour                    |                  |
| Near real time             |                  |
| Requires interpretation    | Video            |
| Textual report             |                  |
| INFLTRPT                   |                  |
| <1 hour                    |                  |
| <1 hour                    |                  |
| Near real time             |                  |
| Requires interpretation    | Video            |
| Textual report             |                  |
| Dry film                   |                  |
| INFLTRPT                   |                  |
| <1 hour                    |                  |
| <1 hour                    |                  |
| <1 hour                    |                  |
| Near real time             |                  |
| <1 hour                    |                  |
| <1 hour                    |                  |
| Near real time             |                  |
| Report                     | Near real time   |
| Report                     | Ranges from near |
| real time to               |                  |
| considerable delays        |                  |
| Report                     | Near real time   |
| Report                     | Near real time   |

of reconnaissance platform recovery, but may take several hours depending on the sensor, film type, processing, and quality of image sensor reading.


(3)  Mission Report.  This reports mission results and items of intelligence interest in all tactical roles.

(4)  Imagery Interpretation Report.  This is a single message format for sending either the Initial Phase Interpretation Report (IPIR) or the Supplemental Photographic Interpretation Report (SUPIR).  The IPIR provides the results of first-phase exploitation of imagery.  IPIRs are normally transmitted within 15 minutes of imagery receipt.  All IPIRs for a mission are normally completed within 24 hours of reconnaissance platform recovery. The SUPIR provides results of second-phase exploitation of imagery and may take hours or days to complete based on the detail of the requested information.

(5)  Response to Request for Information.  This is the message format used to reply to RFI/production requirement.  It is used to advise requesters that a previously transmitted message (reference the message) contained the requested information.

(6)  Tactical Reports.  Tactical reports are of immediate interest to commanders and operators of tactical units at all levels. The intent of tactical reports is to get perishable, concise information to units in time for it to be acted upon.  Tactical reports include the Tactical Report, the Tactical ELINT Report, and the Operations Report.


(a)  Tactical Report.  This provides the most urgent, perishable information of tactical significance to tactical unit commanders.  It alerts them to immediate threats and provides enhanced situational awareness.  Though the report can be either a free-flow voice report or a hard copy computer-formatted message, send it via message precedence commensurate with its content.  Examples of the voice format and the hard copy report are in JP 6-04.



(b)  Tactical ELINT Report.  This reports time-critical operational ELINT and parametric information and may be used for indications and warning, data base maintenance, orders of battle, and strike planning.



(c)  Operations Report.  Any unit can use the Operations Report-3 to provide the joint force commander and other appropriate commanders with immediate notification of an incident or event where national interest is not indicated or has not been determined.

(7)  TIBS.  This is a satellite broadcast of intelligence and combat information.  It is used during contingency and exercise operations and provides near-real-time data on adversary force disposition and array, and friendly elements.  This transportable system can be placed with battle managers or other C2 nodes.  It links intelligence producers with consumers and allows selected users to query collectors for data during operations.  Data is filtered by software and displayed either graphically or as text.

(8)  Special Information System/Voice Product Net. This is a secure ultra high frequency KY-58 voice link between intelligence producer and consumer.  It is used to pass the tactical report and situational awareness information based on pre-mission tasking or on-scene dynamic tasking.

| Intelligence Category                          | Intelligence Products    |
|------------------------------------------------|--------------------------|
| Visual                                         | Textual                  |
| - Written report                               |                          |
| Verbal                                         |                          |
| - INFLTREP over the radio                      |                          |
|                                                |                          |
| Verbal/Textual                                 |                          |
| - Accompanying reports                         |                          |
|                                                |                          |
| Imagery                                        | Visual                   |
| - Imagery prints                               |                          |
| - Video                                        |                          |
| - Digital imagery                              |                          |
| Verbal                                         |                          |
| - Tactical reports                             |                          |
| Textual                                        |                          |
| - ELINT reports                                |                          |
| - Tactical reports                             |                          |
| Signal                                         | On-line                  |
| - TIBS display                                 |                          |
| Special information systems/voice product net |                          |
|                                                |                          |
| Weather                                        | Visual                   |
| - Charts                                       |                          |
| - Imagery                                      |                          |
| Verbal                                         |                          |
| - INFLTREP reports                             |                          |
| - Weather briefings                            |                          |

## 5.  Establishing Collection Requirements


a.  Collection Management.  Collection management is the process of converting intelligence requirements into collection requirements, establishing, tasking or coordinating with appropriate collection sources or agencies, monitoring results and retasking, as required.  It is a staff activity that focuses on decisions and choices that concern collection requests and RFI.  There are many ways to task the intelligence community to get needed information for operational use.  A variety of collectors, ranging from humans to airborne collectors (controlled manually or software-driven), are tasked to fulfill intelligence requirements.  Intelligence support personnel at the unit level need to determine the direction and flow of intelligence information.  Intelligence needs, referred to as requirements, are registered based on time sensitivity.  Requirements satisfied by airborne platforms are defined as follows:
 (1)  Time Critical Requirements - Requester needs the intelligence either in nearreal time or based upon the requester's LTIOV, but no later than 24 hours.  Typically the timeliness required is "upon recognition."  Example:  A location request for a SCUD TEL that recently launched a missile is a time critical requirement).

 (2)  Routine Requirements - Requester needs in 24 hours or more.  It supports routine combat operations and is addressed through the collections process (e.g. creation of collection targets to search for specific adversary units not yet located in the AO).

(3)  Standing Requirements - Established before a contingency arises and provides a baseline for the intelligence problem set (i.e. request to monitor TM operating areas for operational activity).


b.  Collection Requirements.  Always state intelligence requests clearly and include precise parameters (desired and minimum required) and a written justification statement. Parameters include suspense dates, frequency of coverage, resolution/level of information, and specific viewing angles/direction (IMINT).

(1)  Requirement Identification.  Ensure collection managers are aware of TMD IPB
objectives, information needs (quality, quantity, frequency, etc.), and the constraints and limitations imposed on the TMD IPB process.  Inform the collection manager as soon as possible of tasked targets.


(2)  Collection Priorities.  A target's value changes.  Keep the collection manager informed so collection priorities can be adjusted, if needed.  Establish requirements and their associated priorities for peacetime target surveillance, crisis monitoring, and combat support.  Prioritize and monitor all targets on a routine basis.  Higher priority targets are normally collected with greater expediency and frequency than lower priority targets. Mobile targets present a specific collection problem because their data is extremely perishable and current data is essential to target analysis.


(3)  Frequency.  Establish collection requirements through the collection management process and for any frequency (daily, twice weekly, weekly, every two weeks, monthly, every two months, quarterly, semiannually, annually, or until satisfactorily acquired).  The specific time of collection may also be requested.

(4)  Exploitation Requirements.  Targeting must also identify the EEI needed from imagery and all-source analysts.  The two types of EEI are generic and specific.  If generic EEIs are requested, the imagery and all-source analysts reports all activity and identifies all structures on or in the target area.  Generic EEIs are listed as part of the overall command objectives and may vary in different commands.  If information on specific activity/observations is needed, provide specific EEIs with the RFI.


c.  Collection Operations (Systems).  The collection manager is responsible for managing the assets and choosing the most efficient methods and sensors to satisfy requirements. Overall theater sensors are more flexible and can react faster to collection requirements. National collection platforms are not as flexible and have set times and locations where they collect on a target area.  National assets collect on targets within their specific collection ground tracks.  Dissemination of national system products relies on primary and secondary dissemination methods and equipment in theater.  If communication lines cannot handle intelligence dissemination, the product will not be responsive to theater needs.

## 6.  Target System Development


a.  The target  system concept.  The target system concept is important because almost all targeting is based on targeting systems.  A target is composed of components, and components are composed of elements.  A single target may be significant because of its own characteristics, but often its importance lies in its relationship to other targets.
13
Usually the effect of a strike or attack mission upon an adversary can be determined only by analyzing the target in the overall adversary's target system.  JP 1-02 DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms states that a "target system" includes "all the targets situated in a particular geographic area and functionally related; or a group of targets which are so related that their destruction will produce some particular effect desired by the attacker".  Targeteers normally focus on functionality.  "Functionally related" means that all targets in the system have the same activity, or that each makes one or more parts of a particular product or type of product.  Usually the effect of an attack upon an adversary can be determined only by analyzing the adversary's target systems combined with their relationship(s) with the adversary's warmaking or warfighting capability.

b.  Target System Characteristics.  All target systems are goal, objective, or purpose oriented, and composed of individual parts called components, through which they perform activities to achieve their goals.  Survival is fundamental for all systems and they adapt to survive.  Systems are complex.  System components are interdependent and a change in one component causes change in or to other components.  Each system is a component of a larger, more inclusive system.

c.  Target System Activity.  Do not focus the targeting process on the system or its components, but on the activity of the system or its components.  Identify and nominate important target systems and target system components for strike by determining which activity is to be modified or affected by friendly forces.  On a lesser scale, perform this same analysis for individual targets.  Identify key and vulnerable elements of each target for attack.  A comprehensive analysis of the system and its component parts is essential to understand the activities of the entire system.

d.  Target System Analysis.  This is a systematic approach to determine adversary target system vulnerabilities and exploitable weaknesses.  It determines what effects will likely be achieved against target systems and their associated activities.  Review the functions and interactions between components and elements of a target system to determine how the target system works.  The analysis helps to determine what effects are likely to be achieved by attacking the system, where the system must be attacked, and how long the attack will disrupt adversary plans or operations. By reviewing probabilities of damage and arrival for a weapon system, targeteers can evaluate the effects of attacks on different components and isolate relevant elements to plan the disruption or neutralization of an entire target system.

## 7.  Recording Information


Recording information makes evaluation and analysis easier and more accurate.  It provides a useful source for historical data during and after operations are concluded and is essential for supporting the lessons learned process.  Recording means and techniques must permit timely information and intelligence dissemination and the means must adequately handle the volume of information and intelligence received and serve the needs of those who must have access to it.  Some common recording techniques are TMD IPB templates, intelligence journals, intelligence community databases, and local TMD IPB databases.

Intelligence community and local TMD IPB databases are typically fully automated and require trained personnel to operate them.  The TMD IPB process generates the templates. An intelligence journal is an official, permanent, and chronological record of received and transmitted reports and messages, important events that have occurred, and actions taken in response.  Since the journal will be referenced during the TMD IPB process, accuracy and completeness are essential.  The journal covers a specified time period, usually 24 hours and entries should accurately and concisely state the message, report, or event
(meeting purposes, subjects, and conclusions, TMD IPD organizational or personnel changes, TM force incidents or movements, etc.); note the sender or individual making the report (include unit and unit duty position);  note the receipt or dispatch time and method of transmission; and any actions taken as a result (disseminating reports, other internal TMD IPB recording, actions taken based on TM force activities).

## 8.  Lessons Learned


During development of the TMD IPB, systematically identify, evaluate, and apply intelligence lessons learned.  It is important to benefit from significant operations, training, and intelligence experiences.  Use the Joint Universal Lessons Learned System to document intelligence lessons learned.

## 9.  Geospatial Information And Products


a.  Geospatial Information.  Geospatial information is found on maps and charts, and spatial imagery (mapping, charting, and geodesy, imagery, and IMINT).  It gives physical and cultural phenomenon characteristics, properties, and locations associated with the earth's natural and man-made environment.  NIMA's global geospatial information & services (GGI&S) provides geospatial information in four information classes; hard copy (traditional GGI&S products produced as paper products), digital raster data, digital vector, and digital composite.  Definitions can be found on the NIMA home page. b.  GGI&S and TMD IPB Development.  For TMD development, GGI&S is divided into commonly used digital/hardcopy GGI&S (Figure A-3), other vector-based/digital GGI&S (Figure A-4), and other raster-based/hard copy GGI&S (Figure A-5).

## Table A-3. Commonly Used Digital/Hardcopy Ggi&S Products

| Arc Second Raster Chart Digitized Raster Graphic                                                |                       |     | Bathymetric Navigation Chart         |                            |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|-----|--------------------------------------|----------------------------|
|                                                                                                 |                       |     |                                      |                            |
| Compressed Arc Second Raster Chart Digitized Raster Graphic                                     | Controlled Image Base |     |                                      |                            |
| Digital Bathymetric Data Base                                                                   |                       |     |                                      | Digital Chart of the World |
| Digital Feature Analysis Data                                                                   |                       |     | Digital Terrain Elevation Data       |                            |
|                                                                                                 |                       |     |                                      |                            |
| Joint Operations Graphic                                                                        |                       |     | Nautical Chart or Hydrographic Chart |                            |
| Operational Navigation Chart                                                                    |                       |     | Tactical Pilotage Chart              |                            |
|                                                                                                 |                       |     |                                      |                            |
| Topographic Line Map                                                                            |                       |     | Vector Map Level 0                   |                            |
| Vector Map Level 1                                                                              |                       |     | Vector Map Level 2                   |                            |
|                                                                                                 |                       |     |                                      |                            |
| Vector Map Coverages (boundaries, data quality, elevation, hydrography, industry, physiography, |                       |     |                                      |                            |
| population, transportation, utilities, vegetation, political entities, place names)             |                       |     |                                      |                            |
| World Vector Shoreline                                                                          |                       |     |                                      |                            |
|                                                                                                 |                       |     |                                      |                            |



## Table A-4.  Other Vector-Based/Digital Ggi&S Products


Anaglyph

Arc Second Raster Chart Digital Raster Imagery


Compressed Aeronautical Chart

Compressed Raster Graphic

Digital Cities Data Base

Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File


Digital Elevation Model

Digital Line Graph

Digital Line Graph-Enhanced

Digital Topographic Data


High Speed Digital Chart

Digitized/Digital Point Positioning Data Base


Interim Terrain Data

Planning Terrain Analysis Data Base


|                       | Relocatable Target Assessment Data     |                                   |
|-----------------------|----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
|                       |                                        |                                   |
| Tactical Terrain Data | Tactical Terrain Analysis Data Base    |                                   |
|                       |                                        |                                   |
|                       | Vertical Obstruction Data              | Video Point Positioning Data Base |


World Mean Elevation Data

## Table A-6.  Other Raster-Based / Hard Copy Ggi&S Products


17

## Table A-5.  Other Raster-Based/Hard Copy Ggi&S Products



Approach Chart

Antisubmarine Warfare Prediction Area Chart

Bathymetric Navigation Planning Chart
Bathymetric Recovery Area Chart


Bottom Contour Chart
City Graphic

Coastal Chart
Current Chart


Gazetteer
Harbor and Approach Chart


Harbor Chart
Hydrographic Chart or Nautical Chart

Hypsographic or Hypsometric Map (or chart)
Ice Chart


Instrument Approach Chart
Magnetic Anomaly Detection Planning Chart

Magnetic Anomaly Detection
Operational Effectiveness Chart


Military Installation Map
Modified Cacsimile Chart


Naval Operating Area Chart
Non-Submarine Contact List

Pilot Chart
Precise Bathymetric Navigation Zone Chart


Point Positioning Data Base
Provisional Map

S
S
S
C
(SOS
S)


## 10.  Target Materials


Target materials are graphic, textual, tabular, digital, video or other physical and quantitative presentations of target intelligence.  These products locate, identify, and describe potential targets with enough accuracy to attack designated targets by one or more weapon systems.  Current target materials suitable for TMD IPB production are basic target graphics, automated tactical target graphics, operational target graphics, quick response graphics, and operational support plans graphics.

## 11.  Locational Information


a.  TMD IPB and Locational Information.  TMD IPB relies on and generates a large amount of locational information.  Locational information is defined by coordinates, which are linear or angular quantities which designate the position that a point occupies in a given reference frame or system.  The use of cartographic techniques to derive coordinates is suitable for cueing, but cannot provide the precise coordinates needed for many of the newer weapon systems.  It is important to have a basic working knowledge of coordinate systems, datums, and other accuracy measures because it is easy to make locational errors.

b.  Errors and Mismatches.  Data errors or mismatches can occur when mixing locational data from multiple sources.  For example, database locations taken and placed on a map can lead to severe errors unless the locations' coordinates use the same scale and datum as the map.  However, if the locations' coordinates use different scales and/or datums, large errors can result ranging from several meters to several kilometers.  Another example, two objects, such as roads, taken from different databases and placed on a map can result in mismatches (do not intersect on the map where they are suppose to join) if different scales and/or datums are used.  In some cases, the intersection can be off as much as several kilometers.  When the same road exists in two databases and both are plotted on a map, a set of nearly parallel roads may result from the differences in the scale and/or datums.  It is important to use identical scales and datums, but when this is not possible, understand and account for the resulting errors in the locational information.  It is easy to make errors when using digital terrain data and since most of the data uses the same datum, it is usually a scale error.  Remember, if locational data information is incorrect and not accounted for, the terrain analysis results are confusing and useless.

c.  Coordinate Reference System.  Coordinate reference systems are a shorthand means of communicating earth surface locations.  The most familiar coordinate reference system uses latitude, longitude, and elevation, while the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) and Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) grid systems are two-dimensional.  They identify a location without the lengthy description of latitude and longitude degrees, minutes, and seconds by placing grids on maps.  The Military Grid Reference System is an alphanumeric shorthand for expressing UTM and UPS coordinates with fewer numbers.  A coordinate reference system always connects to a datum that defines its reference frame and point of origin; when the datum changes, so do the position coordinates.

d.  Datums.  A critical consideration often overlooked in using coordinates is the geodetic datum upon which the coordinates and stated accuracy are based.  A datum is a regional or global coordinate reference system.  It includes a reference ellipsoid (a mathematical representation of the earth's size and shape) and a specific origin point. Coordinates within the same geodetic datum are directly related to the same origin point. Coordinates within different datums must be converted to a common reference before they can be used.  The World Geodetic System (WGS) provides the basic reference frame and geometric figure for the earth, models the earth gravimetrically, and provides the means for relating positions on various local geodetic systems to an earth-centered, earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate system.  WGS 84 is the ECEF system officially authorized for use by the Department of Defense.  WGS represents NIMA's modeling of the earth from a geometric, geodetic, and gravitational standpoint.  It was developed using new and more extensive data sets and improved computer software and is constantly upgraded.

e.  Coordinate Conversion/Transformation.  NIMA has a computer-based program to convert and transform coordinates.  This program is called GEOTRANS and is very useful for accurately converting coordinates from one datum or coordinate system to another. NIMA maintains a INTELINK page for converting datums and coordinates online.

f.  Measures of Accuracy.  Geospatial data cannot be more accurate than its original source, and sources vary in accuracy.  Furthermore, each step in the production process can introduce position or elevation errors due to production hardware and software limitations, human factors, and inherent product characteristics (i.e., chart size and scale or the digital data specification accuracy).   If not accounted for, significant accuracy errors will occur from mixing products and data of different scale.  Error distribution assumes that systematic errors and blunders have been removed and only random errors are left. Systematic errors need to be detected before they can be removed from positional information and one method is to compare the positional information against given control. If systematic errors are not removed, they will affect, for example, geodetic and photogrammetric measurements and the resulting positional information.  Statistical techniques are used to measure and identify errors.  The measures express an accuracy confidence level of the NIMA data to the user.  Depending on the data's intended use, geospatial accuracy is normally expressed in absolute and/or relative accuracy terms. Absolute accuracy is how close each feature or data point is to the specified higher standard and includes all random and systematic errors.  Relative accuracy is how close the measured distance or elevation is between two features or data points over a specified distance within standard and includes only random errors.  Geospatial position accuracy is traditionally measured in feet or meters of linear error for heights, and feet or meters of circular error for horizontal position; both at 90% probability.  Spherical error is the threedimensional combination of horizontal and vertical errors at 90% probability and is increasingly used as the geospatial fidelity measure.  Target location error is the difference between the target's actual and expected location.

g.  Precision and Accuracy.  There is an important difference between the terms precision and accuracy.  Precision is the closeness with which repeated measurements made under similar conditions are grouped together, and accuracy is the closeness of the best-estimated measured value to the measured quantity's true value.  Precision is affected
21
only by random measuring process errors, while accuracy is affected by precision as well as the existence of unknown or systematic errors.  Measurements may be both precise and inaccurate, but they cannot be accurate unless they are precise.  Developed, transmitted and used coordinates should support measurements down to a precision equal to DDD MM SS.SSS.  At the equator, these coordinates would be precise within 3 centimeters.  State the associated coordinates' accuracy so that the user can determine the usefulness of the coordinate data.  Not all coordinates must be to that level of precision or positions to that level of accuracy.  For example, an object's measurements may determine the precise location within 6 inches, while the object's positional accuracy may only be within 100 feet. If the objective is to measure the object, this precision may suffice, but if the objective is to verify and bomb the object, this precision is unneeded and the accuracy may or may not be adequate based on the bombing scenario.  Table A-6 compares precision with scale and coordinate resolution and lists some products used during the TMD IPB process. h.  Precise Geopositioning Capability.  Coordinate derivation is the process of generating geodetic coordinates, which precisely identify the position of a point or target.  Accuracy in describing position or desired mean point of impact within a common reference system is an important element in the TMD IPB function.  Point positioning data base (PPDB) are sets of geodetically controlled photographic materials, accompanying data, and computer programs which enable trained personnel to derive accurate coordinates for any identifiable ground feature within the database area.  PPDB accuracy is estimated for the entire coverage.  To derive PPDB target or point coordinates, use the manual Analytical Photogrammetric Positioning System (APPS) or automated RAINDROP software for mensuration and geopositioning.  The operator selects the appropriate stereo pair, locates the target optically, and determines the point's geoposition.  NIMA began phasing out

|                                  |             |           |               | Starting Unit, Scale, and/or Precision    | Resulting Precision/Resolution    |
|----------------------------------|-------------|-----------|---------------|-------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
| Coordinate                       | Scale       | Precision | DDD MM SS.SSS | meters                                    | m/inch                            |
| Example Product                  |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
|                                  |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| DDD                              |             |           |               | 111,120                                   |                                   |
| DDD MM                           |             |           |               | 1,852                                     |                                   |
| DDD MM SS                        |             |           |               | 30.87                                     |                                   |
| DDD MM SS.S                      |             |           |               | 3.087                                     |                                   |
| DDD MM SS.SS                     |             |           |               | 0.3087                                    |                                   |
| DDD MM SS.SSS                    |             |           |               | 0.03087                                   |                                   |
|                                  | 1:25,000    |           |               |                                           | 635                               |
|                                  | 1:50,000    |           |               |                                           | 1,270                             |
| Topographic Line Map             |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Vector Smart Map Level 2         |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
|                                  | 1:100,000   |           |               |                                           | 2,540                             |
|                                  | 1:250,000   |           |               |                                           | 6,350                             |
| Joint Operations Graphic         |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Vector Map Level 1               |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
|                                  | 1:500,000   |           |               |                                           | 5,080                             |
|                                  | 1:1,000,000 |           |               |                                           | 10,160                            |
| Operational Navigation Chart     |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Vector Map Level 0               |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Digital Chart of the World       |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
|                                  | 1:2,000,000 |           |               |                                           | 20,320                            |
|                                  | 1:5,000,000 |           |               |                                           | 127,000                           |
|                                  |             | 100 m     | 000 03 14.384 |                                           |                                   |
|                                  |             | 30 m      | 000 00 58.315 |                                           |                                   |
|                                  |             | 10 m      | 000 00 19.438 |                                           |                                   |
| DTED Level 3                     |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Controlled Image Base            |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Space Imaging's Ikonos Satellite |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Land satellite and SPOT          |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
|                                  |             | 5 m       | 000 00 09.719 |                                           |                                   |
| DTED Level 4                     |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Controlled Image Base            |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Space Imaging's Ikonos Satellite |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
|                                  |             | 1 m       | 000 00 01.944 |                                           |                                   |
| DTED Level 5                     |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Controlled Image Base            |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Space Imaging's Ikonos Satellite |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Vertical Linear Error            |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 90%                              |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Example Product                  |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Scale                            |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Horizontal                       |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Circular Error                   |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 90%                              |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 1:25,000                         | 50 m        |           |               |                                           |                                   |
|                                 |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 20 m                             |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| City Graphic                     |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 1:50,000                         | 50 m        |           |               |                                           |                                   |
|                                 |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 20 m                             |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Topographic Line Map             |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Vector Map Level 2               |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 1:100,000                        | 50 m        |           |               |                                           |                                   |
|                                 |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 20 m                             |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Topographic Line Map             |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 1:250,000                        | 250 m       |           |               |                                           |                                   |
|                                 |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 100 m                            |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Joint Operations Graphic         |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Vector Map Level 1               |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 1:500,000                        | 1,000 m     |           |               |                                           |                                   |
|                                 |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 150 m                            |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Tactical Pilotage Chart          |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 1:1,000,000                      | 2,000 m     |           |               |                                           |                                   |
|                                 |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| 650 m                            |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Operational Navigation Chart     |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Vector Map Level 0               |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |
| Digital Chart of the World       |             |           |               |                                           |                                   |

Note: 1 Approximate for longitude at the equator hardcopy PPDB production in FY96, so APPS and PPDB use is decreasing.  Digital point positioning data base (DPPDB) is a classified image product consisting of high-resolution digital stereo image pairs and replaces the hardcopy PPDB.  The DPPDB provides
23
warfighters with a deployable product.  Digital exploitation workstations with stereo capability quickly and accurately derive latitude, longitude, and elevation.  The DPPDB
consists of three main components:  imagery support data, a digital map graphic for reference, and stereo imagery.  The nominal DPPDB area coverage is a rectangle, called the product rectangle, measuring 60 nautical miles on each side.  At the equator, a product rectangle is a 1-degree x 1-degree geocell and is bounded by 1 degree parallels on the north and south and by 1-degree meridians on the east and west.  Smaller DPPDBs unconstrained by geocell boundaries can also be produced.  Ground coordinates derived using the DPPDB rational function model are referenced to the WGS ellipsoid.  The DPPDB absolute and relative accuracy is consistent with the rigorous triangulation performed by NIMA's Digital Production System.  The computed absolute and relative accuracy values, which vary from product to product, are provided as part of the imagery support data. Basic DPPDB imagery viewing and point mensuration can be performed on a suitably equipped work-station using NIMA's RAINDROP software.

## 12.  Required Intelligence Databases For Tmd Ipb Production


a.  Modernized Integrated Database.  The MIDB is a standardized intelligence data system providing data exchange between national to tactical level intelligence and operational consumers.  The database contains a baseline source of intelligence on installations, military forces, population concentrations, C2 structures, significant events, and equipment.

b.  Basic Encyclopedia (BE).  This manual of MIDB installation intelligence is the most inclusive of all installation lists.  It describes every identified installation with an active function or of valid interest to intelligence agencies, particularly to the unified command operational and planning staffs.  The BE contains basic data on the identification, location, and function of each installation.  It can be used to select potential fixed targets for ground, sea, or air attack, or to identify installations (such as public utilities and hospitals) to be spared from attack. The BE lists installations in Eurasia, Western Europe, Latin America and the Atlantic, Middle East and Africa, and Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific.

c.  Military Equipment and Parameters Engineering Database.  This is a standardized intelligence data system providing data exchange between national to tactical level intelligence and operational consumers.  The database contains a more baseline source of intelligence on military equipment than the MIDB to include engineering level parameters.

d.  NIMA Exploitation System (NES).  NES is a standardized intelligence data system designed to provide for data exchange between national to tactical level intelligence and operational consumers.  The database contains a baseline source of intelligence on overhead imagery and information on available overhead imagery.  Imagery reports within NES are textual and contain a brief imagery analysis by NIMA.


e.  Standard Coding System Functional Classification Handbook.  This handbook contains guidance and procedures for using functional category codes.  The classification system uses a five-digit numeric character code to classify installations by function and indicate the products, capability, or activity associated with the installation.

## 13.  How Tmd Ipb Relates To Everything Else

IPB and its products are essential elements of the intelligence cycle.  The intelligence cycle and its functions (procedures, organizations, and equipment that collect, process, store, and disseminate intelligence) respond to the commander's intelligence needs.  IPB
products aid the intelligence staff in processing volumes of information and exploiting modern technology.  They focus collection systems, so that sufficiently accurate near-realtime information can be used to directly target TCTs.  IPB enables a staff to put steel on target and also helps to prioritize and maximize targeting effects; it plays a critical role in the decision-making process.  The commander leads the IPB effort and the entire staff executes the IPB process.

## Appendix B Suggested Tmd Ipb Te Suggested Tmd Ipb Te Suggested Tmd Ipb Te Suggested Tmd Ipb Templates Mplates Mplates Mplates


The TMD IPB templates and tables in this appendix are initial starting points for building a TMD IPB.  They are not meant to represent the entire spectrum of TMD IPB products.  Use them as the situation requires (reproduce as is, modified, and/or discarded). Many can be used with current or future intelligence and operational automated systems. Figures B-1 and B-2 are suggested cover pages for completed or in development TMD IPB templates.  Figures B-3 through B-46 are suggested templates for developing the TMD IPB and are organized in the TMD IPB  four step process order.

## Tmd Ipb Template (U) Title: Tmd Ipb Associated Step(S) Template Description And/Or Usage Note(S)

This TMD IPB template is intended as a dummy template for illustration purposes only.

## Originator

| Unclassified & Classified                | Unclassified Only         | Classified Only   |
|------------------------------------------|---------------------------|-------------------|
| Address:                                 |                           |                   |
| Name, Last                               | Name, Middle              | Name, First       |
| Doe                                      |                           |                   |
| A                                        |                           |                   |
| Attention: Sgt John Doe                  |                           |                   |
| Camp Smith, Alabama  35777-5555          |                           |                   |
| Rank                                     | Country                   | Service           |
| Sergeant                                 |                           |                   |
| Title / Position                         |                           |                   |
| Chief, TMD IPB Terrain Analysis Division |                           |                   |
| Non-Secure Phone (DSN)                   | Secure Phone (DSN)        |                   |
| DSN 555-5555 x55                         |                           |                   |
| Address:                                 |                           |                   |
| Unclassified & Classified                | Unclassified Only         | Classified Only   |
| Non-Secure Phone (Commercial)            | Secure Phone (Commercial) |                   |
Camp Smith, Alabama  35777-5555
| (555) 333-5555 x55                                       | (555) 333-5555 x55             |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| E-Mail:                                                  |                                |
| Collateral                                               |                                |
| TS/SCI                                                   | Other:________________________ |
| John.doe campsmith.army.mil                              |                                |
| @                                                        |                                |
| Unclassified Only                                        |                                |
| E-Mail:                                                  |                                |
| Collateral                                               |                                |
| TS/SCI                                                   | Other:________________________ |
| Jdoe campsmith.army.mil                                  |                                |
| @                                                        |                                |
| Overall U.S. Classification                              |                                |
| UNCLASSIFIED                                             |                                |
| Not Applicable                                           |                                |
| Overall Non-U.S. Classification                          |                                |
| SCI Control Systems and Codewards                        |                                |
| Foreign Government Information                           |                                |
| Dissemination Controls                                   |                                |
| Non-Intelligence Community Markings                      |                                |
| Declassification Date Marking                            |                                |
| Composite Classification and Control Marking             |                                |
| Not Applicable                                           |                                |
| Not Applicable                                           |                                |
| Not Applicable                                           |                                |
| Not Applicable                                           |                                |
| Not Applicable                                           |                                |
| Not Applicable                                           |                                |
| Not Applicable                                           |                                |
| Classification Authority / Classified By (If Applicable) |                                |
| Derived From (If Applicable)                             |                                |
| Downgrade Instruction(s) (If Applicable)                 |                                |
| Downgrade Event / Declassify On (If Applicable)          |                                |
| Not Applicable                                           |                                |
| Not Applicable                                           |                                |
| Not Applicable                                           |                                |
| DEF-67890                                                |                                |
| Security Control Number                                  |                                |

Regrade this Cover Sheet to UNCLASSIFIED When Separated from the Document See Attachment for Warning(s), Destruction Notice, Distribution Restrictions, and Other Notices and Warning

John Army
United States of America
DSN 555-5555 x55
Unclassified Only
Collateral
TS/SCI
Other:________________________
Unclassified Only
Unclassified Only
Collateral
TS/SCI
Other:________________________

See Attachment for Warning(s), Destruction Notice, Distribution Restrictions, and Other Notices and Warning

## Suggested Templates For Step One Of The Tmd Ipb Process

"DEFINE THE BATTLESP
"DEFINE THE BATTLESP
"DEFINE THE BATTLESP
"DEFINE THE BATTLESPACE ENVIRONMENT"
                    ACE ENVIRONMENT"
                    ACE ENVIRONMENT"
                    ACE ENVIRONMENT"

Command Mission(s) Objective(s) Summary (U)
Overall Command Mission(s) Objective(s) (U)
Objective:
01: 02: 03: 04: 05:
Overall Component Mission(s) Objective(s) (U)
Objective: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05:
Overall TMD Mission(s) Objective(s) (U)
Objective: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05:
Notes:

## Command Mission(S) Objective(S) Worksheet (U)

HOW  do we want to reach the objective?
WHY do we want to reach the objective? WHEN and for HOW LONG do we want to reach the objective?

## Command's Mission(S) Guidance Worksheet Template (U) Tmd And Tmd Related Command Guidance

Command Guidance:
Details:
Command Guidance: Details:
Command Guidance: Details: Command Guidance: Details:

## Tmd And Tmd Related Rules Of Engagement (Roe)

Command Guidance: Details:
Command Guidance: Details: Command Guidance: Details:
Command Guidance: Details:

## Tmd And Tmd Related Applicable Laws Of Armed Conflict (Loac)

Command Guidance: Details:
Command Guidance: Details:
Command Guidance: Details:
Command Guidance: Details:
Notes:

AO / AOI / Battlespace Assessment Template (U)
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Geopolitical and Regional Threat Assessment Template (U)
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___  of: ___
TM Force General Capabilities Assessment Template (U)
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___  of: ___
DTG: ___________________________

| Suppression Capability                |
|---------------------------------------|
| Tms in Suppression Role -             |
|                                       |
| .                                     |
| TM Penetration Tactics  -             |
|                                       |
| .                                     |
| TM TMD Countermeasures -              |
|                                       |
| .                                     |
| Aircraft -                            |
| .                                     |
| .                                     |
| ASCMs to Suppress TMD Capable Ships - |
| .                                     |
| .                                     |
| ARMs -                                |
| .                                     |
| .                                     |
| Information Warfare (Including EC) -  |
| .                                     |
| .                                     |
| WMD -                                 |
| .                                     |
| .                                     |
| SOF -                                 |
| .                                     |
| .                                     |
| Terrorist and Insurgent Forces -      |
| .                                     |
| .                                     |
| Conventional Ground Forces -          |
| .                                     |
| .                                     |
| Conventional Naval Forces -           |
| .                                     |
| .                                     |
| Combined Arms Tactics -               |
| .                                     |
| .                                     |

Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___  of: ___
DTG: ___________________________
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___  of: ___
DTG: ___________________________
TMD IPB Holdings, Database, Sources, and Links Assessment (U)

Organizational Sources
Organization
POC Established
MOU or Equivalent
Status
Type of Support
Command Intelligence Staff Command Operations Staff Command Plans Staff JIC US Army Component US Air Force Component US Navy Componeht US Marine Corps Component NMJIC NMCC DIA NIMA - Imagery Services NIMA - GGI&S CIA NSA
USSPACECOM MSIC NAIC ONI NGIC AFMIC DTRA
Others

Classification: _________________________________________________________________
13
Classification: _________________________________________________________________

## Tmd Ipb Holdings, Database, Sources, And Links Assessment (U)

Connectivity
Connection
Speed
Reliability of Connection
Status (G, Y, R)
Voice - Unclassified Voice - Collateral Voice - High INTELINK SIPRNET e-Mail - Unclassified e-Mail - Collateral e-Mail - High MIDB - National MIDB - Theater MIDB - Local MEPED SAFE NES Message Traffic
5D IPL IPA TDDS (TRAP) TIBS JTIDS GCCS
Others

DTG: ___________________________
TMD IPB Holdings, Database, Sources, and Links Assessment (U)

Current, On-Order, and Desired TMD IPB Information Holdings
Title:
Originator Control #:
Copies:
Date or DTG:
DOI:
Received:
Ordered:
Expected Delivery Date:
Report:
Targeting Material:
Hardcopy:
Imagery: EO, Radar, MSI, Other
SA Data:
Digital:
Classification of Title:
GGI&S:
Software:
On-line:
Classification:
Message Traffic:
Other:
Other:
Source: Assessment (Green/Yellow/Red [G/Y/R]):
Applicable To:
Checked Out To:
Notes:
Title:
Originator Control #:
Copies:
Date or DTG:
DOI:
Received:
Ordered:
Expected Delivery Date:
Report:
Targeting Material:
Hardcopy:
Imagery: EO, Radar, MSI, Other
SA Data:
Digital:
Classification of Title:
GGI&S:
Software:
On-line:
Classification:
Message Traffic:
Other:
Other:
Source: Assessment (G, Y, R):
Applicable To:
Checked Out To:
Notes:
Title:
Originator Control #:
Copies:
Date or DTG:
DOI:
Received:
Ordered:
Expected Delivery Date:
Report:
Targeting Material:
Hardcopy:
Imagery: EO, Radar, MSI, Other
SA Data:
Digital:
Classification of Title:
GGI&S:
Software:
On-line:
Classification:
Message Traffic:
Other:
Other:
Source: Assessment (G, Y, R):
Applicable To:
Checked Out To:
Notes:
Title:
Originator Control #:
Copies:
Date or DTG:
DOI:
Received:
Ordered:
Expected Delivery Date:
Report:
Targeting Material:
Hardcopy:
Imagery: EO, Radar, MSI, Other
SA Data:
Digital:
Classification of Title:
GGI&S:
Software:
On-line:
Classification:
Message Traffic:
Other:
Other:
Source: Assessment (G, Y, R):
Applicable To:
Checked Out To:
Notes:
Type
Format
Type
Format
Type
Format
Type
Format

DTG: ___________________________
TMD IPB Information Sources Evaluation Template (U)

Checklist item
#
01
02 03 04 05 06 07
Step 1 - Define the Battlespace Environment
 1.1 - Analyze the Command's Mission in Relation to TMD 1.1.1 - Summarize the Command's Mission and Objectives 1.1.2 - Summarize the Commander's Guidance 1.2 - Identify the Limits of the AO, AOI, and Battlespace 1.2.1 - Assess TM Force Coverage 1.2.2 - Assess Potential TM Force Deployment Area
08  1.2.3 - Assess Passive Defense AO and AOI
09  1.2.4 - Assess Active Defense AO and AOI 10  1.2.5 - Assess Attack Operations AO and AOI 11  1.2.6 - Assess Composite AO and AOI 12  1.2.7 - Assess TMD Battlespace
13  1.3 - Determine the Significant Environment Characteristics of the AO
14  1.3.1 - Assess Geopolitical and Regional Threat
15  1.3.2 - Assess TM Force General Capabilities
16  1.3.3 - Assess TM Force Active Defense Suppression Capabilities
17  1.3.4 - Assess Major Terrain Features 18  1.3.5 - Assess Major Lines of Communication
19  1.4 - Identify the Amount of Detail Required & Feasible Within the Time Available
20  1.4.1 - Create or Update IPB Checklist and Development Plan
21  1.5 - Evaluate Existing Databases and Identify Gaps 22  1.5.1 - Assess TMD IPB Holdings, Databases, Sources, and Links
23  1.5.2 - Evaluate TMD IPB Information Sources
24  1.5.3 - Establish TMD IPB POCs
25  1.6 - Collect Material & Intelligence Required for Further TMD IPB Analysis
26  1.6.1 - Collect Recommended PIRs/EEIs/RFIs 27  1.6.2 - Search for Information by Key Word and Equipment & Category Codes
28 Step 2 - Define the Battlespace Effects
29  2.1 - Analyze the TM Battlespace Environment
30  2.1.1 - Assess Terrain 31  2.1.1.1 - Assess Surface Configuration
32  2.1.1.2 - Assess Vegetation
33  2.1.1.3 - Assess Surface Materials 34  2.1.1.4 - Assess Obstacles
35  2.1.1.5 - Assess Transportation and LOC Infrastructure
36  2.1.1.6 - Assess Urban Areas 37  2.1.1.7 - Assess Cover
38  2.1.1.8 - Assess Concealment
39  2.1.1.9 - Assess CCM 40  2.1.1.10 - Assess Observation/LOS 41  2.1.1.11 - Assess Key Terrain
42  2.1.1.12 - Assess Electromagnetic Spectrum
43  2.1.2 - Assess Weather Effects on TM Operations 44  2.1.2.1 - Assess TM Force Climatology
45  2.1.2.2 - Assess Current and Forecast Weather
46  2.1.3 - Assess Other Characteristics of the Battlespace
47  2.1.3.1 - Assess TM Infrastructure
48  2.1.3.2 - Assess TM Facility/Area 49  2.1.3.3 - Assess TM Infrastructure HVTs 50 2.2 - Assess Battlespace Effects on TM Force Capabilities and Broad COAs
Status
(G,Y,R)
Critical Gaps

Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___  of: ___
DTG: ___________________________
TMD IPB Information Sources Evaluation Template (U)

Checklist item
 2.2.1 - Assess Area Limitation
#
51
52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
Step 3 - Evaluate the TM Force 3.1 - Create TM Models 3.1.1 - Assess TM Organizational/C4I Structure 3.1.2 - Assess TM Equipment 3.1.3 - Assess TM TTPs 3.1.4 - Assess HVTs Step 4 - Determine TM COAs 4.1 - Identify Likely TM Objectives and Desired End State 4.2 - Identify the Full Set of TM COAs 4.3 - Evaluate and Prioritize Each Specific TM COA 4.4 - Expand Each COA in the Amount of Detail Time Allows
 4.4.1 - Develop Situation Template and Assess HVTs 4.5 - Identify Initial Collection Requirements 4.5.1 - Develop Event Template and Matrix 4.6 - Identify Target Nominations 4.6.1 - Assess Current Situation and Weather Data 4.6.2 - Assess NAI Intelligence Collection Results 4.6.3 - Assess Most Likely TM Force COA 4.6.4 - Assess PIRs
Notes:
Status
(G,Y,R)
Critical Gaps

17
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___ of: ___
DTG: ___________________________
TMD IPB Points-of-Contact (POC) Template (U)

| Name, Last                   | Name, First      |
|------------------------------|------------------|
| Name, Middle                 |                  |
| Service                      |                  |
| Rank                         |                  |
| Country                      |                  |
| Organization / Office Symbol | Title / Position |
| Address:                     |                  |
| Non-Secure Phone             | Secure Phone     |
| Unclassified Only            |                  |
| Classified Only              | Collateral       |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| (                            | )                |
| Pager                        | Cellular Phone   |
| (                            | )                |
| Other:                       | Home Phone       |
| (                            | )                |
| Address                      |                  |
| e-Mail                       |                  |
| Unclassified Only            | Classified Only  |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| e-Mail                       |                  |
| Unclassified Only            | Classified Only  |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| e-Mail                       |                  |
| Unclassified Only            | Classified Only  |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| Notes:                       |                  |
| Name, Last                   | Name, First      |
| Name, Middle                 |                  |
| Service                      |                  |
| Rank                         |                  |
| Country                      |                  |
| Organization / Office Symbol | Title / Position |
| Address:                     |                  |
| Non-Secure Phone             | Secure Phone     |
| Unclassified Only            |                  |
| Classified Only              | Collateral       |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| (                            | )                |
| Pager                        | Cellular Phone   |
| (                            | )                |
| Other:                       | Home Phone       |
| (                            | )                |
| Address                      |                  |
| e-Mail                       |                  |
| Unclassified Only            | Classified Only  |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| e-Mail                       |                  |
| Unclassified Only            | Classified Only  |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| e-Mail                       |                  |
| Unclassified Only            | Classified Only  |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| Notes:                       |                  |
| Name, Last                   | Name, First      |
| Name, Middle                 |                  |
| Service                      |                  |
| Rank                         |                  |
| Country                      |                  |
| Organization / Office Symbol | Title / Position |
| Address:                     |                  |
| Non-Secure Phone             | Secure Phone     |
| Unclassified Only            |                  |
| Classified Only              | Collateral       |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| (                            | )                |
| Pager                        | Cellular Phone   |
| (                            | )                |
| Other:                       | Home Phone       |
| (                            | )                |
| Address                      |                  |
| e-Mail                       |                  |
| Unclassified Only            |                  |
| Classified Only              | Collateral       |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| e-Mail                       |                  |
| Unclassified Only            | Classified Only  |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| e-Mail                       |                  |
| Unclassified Only            | Classified Only  |
| TS/SCI                       |                  |
| Other                        | Both             |
| Notes:                       |                  |

Classification: _________________________________________________________________

## Recommended Pir / Eei / Rfi / Other Requirement Request Worksheet (U)

Requesting Organization / Point-of-Contact (POC) for PIR / EEI RFI / Other
Name, Last
Name, First
Name, Middle
Service
Rank
Organization / Office Symbol Address:
Unclassified Only
Classified Only
Collateral
TS/SCI
Other
Both
Address
Unclassified Only
Classified Only
Collateral
TS/SCI
Other
Both
Unclassified Only
Classified Only
Collateral
TS/SCI
Other
Both
Recommended / Suggested Supporting Organization / Point-of-Contact (POC) for PIR / EEI RFI / Other if Known
Name, Last
Name, First
Name, Middle
Service
Rank
Organization / Office Symbol Address:
Unclassified Only
Classified Only
Collateral
TS/SCI
Other
Both
Address
Unclassified Only
Classified Only
Collateral
TS/SCI
Other
Both
Unclassified Only
Classified Only
Collateral
TS/SCI
Other
Both
Potential Intelligence Sources
Country
Title / Position
Non-Secure Phone
Secure Phone
(
)
-
x
(
)
-
x
Pager
Cellular Phone
(
)
-
x
(
)
-
x
Secure FAX
Non-Secure FAX
(
)
-
x
(
)
-
x
e-Mail
e-Mail
Unclassified Only
Classified Only
Collateral
TS/SCI
Other
Both
e-Mail
Unclassified Only
Classified Only
Collateral
TS/SCI
Other
Both
Country
Title / Position
Non-Secure Phone
Secure Phone
(
)
-
x
(
)
-
x
Pager
Cellular Phone
(
)
-
x
(
)
-
x
Secure FAX
Non-Secure FAX
(
)
-
x
(
)
-
x
e-Mail
e-Mail
Unclassified Only
Classified Only
Collateral
TS/SCI
Other
Both
e-Mail
Unclassified Only
Classified Only
Collateral
TS/SCI
Other
Both

DTG: ___________________________
Recommended PIR / EEI / RFI / Other Requirement Request Worksheet (U)

___________________ 5D Server
___________________IPL Server
___________________IPA Server
250 MByte Zip Disk
________________________ LAN
8 mm Tape
_______________________ WAN
4 mm Tape
_____________ INTELINK Server
_______________________ Tape
___________ INTELINK-S Server
Other:______________________
Other:______________________
Other:______________________
Other:______________________
3  x 5  Print
"
"
|                                            |                                  |                              | 5"                              | "                            |
|--------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------------------|---------------------------------|------------------------------|
| x 7  Print                                 | 9.3 km (5 nmi) x 9.3 km          | IR                           | Broad Area Coverage - 15 meters | Annotations                  |
| 8"                                         | "                                |                              |                                 |                              |
| x 10  Print                                | 5.6 km (3 nmi) x 5.6 km          | Radar                        | Broad Area Coverage - 3 meters  | No Annotations               |
| _________"                                 | "                                |                              |                                 |                              |
| x _________  Print                         | ____ km (___ nmi) x ____ km      | Multi-Spectral Imagery (MSI) | Medium Resolution - 1-2 meters  | Duplicate Positive           |
| _________"                                 | "                                |                              |                                 |                              |
| x _________  Print                         | MSI - Panchromatic               | High Resolution - 1 meters   |                                 |                              |
|                                           |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
|                                            | VPF Compatible (i.e CADRG)       | Target (Attack Parameters)   |                                 |                              |
| _________"                                 | "                                |                              |                                 |                              |
| x _________  Print                         | 1.8 km (1 nmi) x 1.8 km          | MSI - Color                  | Broad Area Coverage -           |                              |
|                                           |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| NIIRS 3                                    | Best Available                   |                              |                                 |                              |
| Wide Area (Orientation                     | 0.9 km (0.5 nmi) x 0.9 km        | MSI - TERCAT                 | Medium Resolution -             | NIIRS 4-5                    |
| 185.2 km (100 nmi) x 185.2 km              | ____ km (___ nmi) x ____ km      | MSI - Change Detection       | High Resolution -               | NIIRS 5-6                    |
| 111.1 km (60 nmi) x 111.1 km               | Close-Up of Specific Object      | MSI - Seasonal Imagery       | Very High Resolution -          |                              |
|                                           |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| NIIRS 6                                    | High Oblique Shot                |                              |                                 |                              |
| 59.3 km (32 nmi) x 59.3 km                 | MSI Mosaic of Area of Operations | Other:______________________ | Other:__________________NIIRS   | Low Oblique Shot             |
| ____ km (___ nmi) x ____ km                | Other:______________________     | Other:______________________ | Other:_________________meters   | Other:______________________ |
| Global Geospatial Information and Services |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Map Type                                   | Scale                            | General Type                 |                                 |                              |
| DFAD Level 2                               | DTOP                             |                              |                                 |                              |
| Hardcopy (Paper) Map                       |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| DFAD Level 1C                              |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| DDPDB                                      | GNC (1:5,000,000)                |                              |                                 |                              |
| 1:25,000                                   |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Softcopy (Digital or Raster Map)           |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| DFAD Level 3C                              |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Interim Terrain Data (ITD)                 | JNC (1:2,000,000)                |                              |                                 |                              |
| On-Line Map                                |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| VMAP Level 0                               |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Vector Product ITD (VITD)                  | ONC (1:1,000,000)                |                              |                                 |                              |
| Other:______________________               |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| VMAP Level 1                               |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| DBDB 5 minute                              | TPC (1:500,000)                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Text                                       |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| VMAP Level 2                               |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| DBDB 0.5 minute                            | JOG-A (Air) (1:250,000)          |                              |                                 |                              |
| DTED Level 0 (1,000 meters)                |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Urban VMAP (UVMAP)                         | DBDB 0.1 minute                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| JOG-G (Ground) (1:250,000)                 |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| DTED Level 1 (100 meters)                  |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| CIB 10 meter                               |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Digital Chart of the World (DCW) II        | JOG-R (Radar) (1:250,000)        |                              |                                 |                              |
| DTED Level 2 (30 meters)                   |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| CIB 5 meter                                |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| World Vector Shoreline (WVS)               | TLM (1:100,000)                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| DTED Level 3 (10 meters)                   |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| CIB 1 meter                                |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| DNC                                        | TLM (1:50,000)                   |                              |                                 |                              |
| DTED Level 4 (5 meters)                    |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| CADRG                                      |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Other:______________________               | City Graphics (1:25,000)         |                              |                                 |                              |
| DTED Level 5 (1 meters)                    |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| TTADB                                      |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Other:______________________               | Other:______________________     |                              |                                 |                              |
| DFAD Level 1                               |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Digital Gazetter                           | Other:______________________     | Other:______________________ |                                 |                              |
| Real Time / Near Real Time                 |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| INTELINK                                   | INTELINK-S (SIPRNET)             | GCCS                         | TDDS (TRAP)                     |                              |
| JWICS                                      | JTIDS                            | TADIL-A                      | TADIL-J                         |                              |
| Other:______________________               | Other:______________________     | Other:______________________ | Other:______________________    |                              |
| Other                                      |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Other:______________________               |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Other:______________________               | Other:______________________     | Other:______________________ |                                 |                              |
| Other:______________________               |                                  |                              |                                 |                              |
| Other:______________________               | Other:______________________     | Other:______________________ |                                 |                              |
Area(s) of Interest
Other:_________________________________________________________
Route / Polyline

Starting Point Next Point Next Point

1:50,000
1:100,000 1:250,000 1:500,000
1:1,000,000 1:2,000,000 1:5,000,000
Other:______________________ Other:______________________ Other:______________________ Other:______________________
TIBS
Voice
Other:______________________
Other:______________________ Other:______________________

DTG: ___________________________
TMD IPB Key Word Search Template (U)

## Adversary / Country Focus Key Words

  Country 1 Name:_____________________________________
  Country 2 Name:______________________________________   Country 3 Name:______________________________________
 Country 4 Name:______________________________________

  Country 5 Name:______________________________________   Country 6 Name:______________________________________
  Country 7 Name:______________________________________   Country 8 Name:______________________________________   Country 9 Name:______________________________________
  Country 1 3-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 2 3-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 3 3-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 4 3-Letter Designator:_________________________
  Country 5 3-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 6 3-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 7 3-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 8 3-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 9 3-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 1 2-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 2 2-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 3 2-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 4 2-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 5 2-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 6 2-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 7 2-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 8 2-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 9 2-Letter Designator:__________________________
  Country 1 Nick Name:_________________________________
  Country 2 Nick Name:_________________________________
  Country 3 Nick Name:_________________________________
  Country 4 Nick Name:_________________________________
  Country 5 Nick Name:_________________________________
  Country 6 Nick Name:_________________________________
  Country 7 Nick Name:_________________________________
  Country 8 Nick Name:_________________________________
  Country 9 Nick Name:_________________________________
  Russia
  China
  North Korea
  Iran
  Iraq
  Syria
  Libya
  India
  Pakistan
  Area 1 Name:_________________________________________   Area 2 Name:_________________________________________   Area 3 Name:_________________________________________
  Area 4 Name:_________________________________________   Area 5 Name:_________________________________________   Area 6 Name:_________________________________________
  Area 7 Name:_________________________________________   Area 8 Name:_________________________________________   Area 9 Name:_________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________

## General Key Words

  Missile
  Rocket
  Theater Missile
  Research
  Development
  R&D
  Testing
  Evaluation
  T&E
  RDT&E
  Production
  Flight Test
  Theater Missile Defense
  TMD
  Order of battle
  OB
  OOB
  Missile Order of Battle
  MOB
  Defensive Missile Order of Battle
  DMOB
  Air Route Closure
  Area Closure
  Operational Test
  Exercise
  Field Exercise
  Command
  Control
  C2
  Communications
  Computers
  C4
  Intelligence
  C3I
  C4I
  Suppression of Enemy Air Defense
  SEAD
  Suppression of Enemy Missile Defense
  SEMD
  Defense Suppression
  Defense Suppression Threat
  DST
  Air Defense
  AD
  Surface-to-Air Missile
  SAM
  Electronic Warfare
  EW
  Electronic Combat
  EC
  Information Warfare
  IW
  Information Operations
  Electronic Countermeasures
  ECM
  Electronic Attack
  EA
  Fire Control System

  Fire Control
  Radar
  Search
  Early Warning
  Acquisition
  Track
  Target
  Point Target
  Area Target
  Engine Test Stand
  Inertial Navigation System
  INS
  Satellite Navigation
  SATNAV
  Global Positioning System
  GPS
  GLONASS
  Seeker
  Terminal Guidance
  Midcourse Guidance
  Midcourse Update Guidance
  Guidance and Control
  G&C
  Guidance, Navigation, and Control
  GNC
  Booster
  Airframe
  Rocket Motor
  Rocket Engine
  Turbojet
  Ramjet
  Turbofan
  Turboprop
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________

## Weapon System Nomenclature

  Primary Designator System 1:___________________________   Primary Designator System 2:___________________________   Primary Designator System 3:___________________________
  Primary Designator System 4:___________________________   Primary Designator System 5:___________________________   Primary Designator System 6:___________________________
  Primary Designator System 7:___________________________   Primary Designator System 7:___________________________   Primary Designator System 9:___________________________
  Indigenous Designator System 1:________________________   Indigenous Designator System 2:________________________   Indigenous Designator System 3:________________________
 Indigenous Designator System 4:________________________

  Indigenous Designator System 5:________________________   Indigenous Designator System 6:________________________
 Indigenous Designator System 7:________________________

  Indigenous Designator System 8:________________________   Indigenous Designator System 9:________________________

 Nick Name System 1:__________________________________
  Nick Name System 2:__________________________________
  Nick Name System 3:__________________________________
 Nick Name System 4:__________________________________

  Nick Name System 5:__________________________________
  Nick Name System 6:__________________________________
 Nick Name System 7:__________________________________

  Nick Name System 8:__________________________________
  Nick Name System 9:__________________________________

 NATO Designator System 1:____________________________
  NATO Designator System 2:____________________________
  NATO Designator System 3:____________________________
 NATO Designator System 4:____________________________

  NATO Designator System 5:____________________________
  NATO Designator System 6:____________________________
 NATO Designator System 7:____________________________

  NATO Designator System 8:____________________________
  NATO Designator System 9:____________________________

 NATO Code Name System 1:___________________________
  NATO Code Name System 2:___________________________
  NATO Code Name System 3:___________________________
 NATO Code Name System 4:___________________________

  NATO Code Name System 5:___________________________
  NATO Code Name System 6:___________________________
 NATO Code Name System 7:___________________________

  NATO Code Name System 8:___________________________
  NATO Code Name System 9:___________________________
  WSSIC Designator System 1:___________________________
  WSSIC Designator System 2:___________________________
  WSSIC Designator System 3:___________________________
 WSSIC Designator System 4:___________________________

  WSSIC Designator System 5:___________________________
  WSSIC Designator System 6:___________________________
 WSSIC Designator System 7:___________________________

  WSSIC Designator System 8:___________________________
  WSSIC Designator System 9:___________________________
  ASSC Designator System 1:____________________________
  ASSC Designator System 2:____________________________
  ASSC Designator System 3:____________________________
 ASSC Designator System 4:____________________________

  ASSC Designator System 5:____________________________
  ASSC Designator System 6:____________________________
 ASSC Designator System 7:____________________________

  ASSC Designator System 8:____________________________
  ASSC Designator System 9:____________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________

TMD IPB Template -- 18 March 2000
Local Reproduction Authorized Classification: _________________________________________________________________
21

## Tmd Ipb Key Word Search Template (U) Operations

  Air Base
  AB
  Airfield
  AFLD
  Naval Base
  Port
  Garrison
  National Level Garrison
  National Garrison
  Depot
  National Level Depot
  National Level Storage
  Forward Operating Area
  FOA
  Field Storage Location
  Field Storage Site
  Field Storage Area
  Field Operating Base
  FOB
  Field Operating Location
  FOL
  Fueling Site
  Fueling Area
  Warhead Mating
  Transload Site
  Transload Area
  Launch Site
  Launch Area
  Hide Site
  Hide Area
  Operating Area
  Field Operating Area
  Flight Test Activity
  Operational Test Activity
  Field Training
  Field Exercise
  Doctrine
  Strategy
  Tactics
  Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
  TTP
  Operating Procedures
  Course of Action
  COA
  Procedure
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________
Launchers and Delivery vehicles
  Erector Launcher
  EL
  Transporter Erector Launcher
  TEL
  TEL Chassis Manufacturer_______________________________   TEL Chassis Model:___________________________________
  Mobile Erector Launcher
  MEL
  Fixed Launcher
  Launcher
  Launch Aircraft Origin:________________________________
  Launch Aircraft Manufacture:___________________________
  Launch Aircraft Model:_________________________________   Launch Ship Origin:___________________________________
  Launch Ship Manufacture:_____________________________
  Launch Ship Model:___________________________________
  Launch Name:________________________________________
  Transportable launcher
  Vehicle Designator:___________________________________
  Launch Ship Type Abbreviation:_________________________   Rail Launcher
  Truck Mounted Launcher
  Transporter Erector Launcher and Radar
  TELAR
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________

## Ground Support Equipment (Not Including: Launchers And Delivery Vehicles)

  Ground Support Equipment
  GSE
  Ground Support
  Ground Support Vehicle
  Fuel Vehicle
  Fuel Truck
  Oxidizer Vehicle
  Oxidizer Truck
  Checkout vehicle
  Checkout Truck
  Checkout Van
  Box-Bodied Van
  Crane
  Resupply Vehicle
  RSV
  Resupply Trailer
  RST
  Vehicle Chassis manufacture:___________________________
  Vehicle Chassis Model:________________________________
  Vehicle Designator:___________________________________
  Transporter
  Missile Transporter
  Triple Carry Framework
  Warhead Vehicle
  Warhead Truck
  Warhead Cannister
  Warhead Container
  Warhead Crate
  Fire Control Vehicle
  Fire Control Truck
  Fire Control Van
  FCV
  Warhead Van
  Command and Control Vehicle
  C2 Vehicle
  Command and Control Truck
  C2 Truck
  Horizontal Test Vehicle
  Horizontal Test Truck
  Horizontal Checkout Vehicle
  Autonomous Test Vehicle
  Autonomous Test Truck
 Autonomous Checkout Vehicle

  HCV
  Comprehensive Test Equipment
  Mobile Power vehicle
  Mobile Power Truck
  Aiming Vehicle
  Aiming Truck
  Missile Cannister
  Missile Container
  Missile Crate
  Airframe Cannister
  Airframe Container
  Airframe Crate
  Missile Cannister Transporter
  Missile Container Transporter
 Missile Crate Transporter

  Airframe Cannister Transporter
  Airframe Container Transporter
 Airframe Crate Transporter

  Heavy Equipment Transporter
  HET
  Oxidizer Cannister
  Oxidizer Container
  Fuel Cannister
  Fuel Container
  Starter Fuel Cannister
  Starter Fuel Container
  Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid
  IRFNA
  IRFNA Cannister
 IRFNA Container

  Washing and Neutralizing Vehicle
  Washing and Neutralizing Truck
  Air Compressor Vehicle
  Air Compressor Truck
  Compressed Air Vehicle
 Compressed Air Truck

  Tanker Vehicle
  Tanker Truck
  Water Vehicle
  Water Truck
  Wash Down Vehicle
 Wash Down Truck

  Truck Mounted Crane
  Warhead Dolly
  Warhead Trolley
  Warhead/Fin Dolly
  Warhead/Fin Trolley
  Fin Dolly
  Fin Trolley
  Sustained Handling Skid
  Missile Dolly
  Missile Trolley
  Missile Airframe Dolly
  Missile Air frame Trolley
  Meteorological Vehicle
  Meteorological Truck
 Meteorological Radar

  Survey equipment
  Survey Vehicle
  Survey truck
  Spare Parts Vehicle
  Spare Parts Truck
  Engineer Vehicle
  Generator Trailer
  Ambulance
  Ambulance Van
  POL Vehicle
  POL Truck
  Computer Vehicle
  Computer Truck
  Computer Van
  Topographical Vehicle
  Topographical Truck
  Topographical Van
  Radio Vehicle
  Radio Truck
  Radio Van
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________
Other
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________   Other:_______________________________________________
  Other:_______________________________________________

23

## Tmd Ipb Key Word Search Template (U) Instructions:

1 -
Check each keyword required to search for the desired information.
2 -
Provide the data search operator with the logic for relating the key words to each other key word for filtering the data sources. this is usually in the form of boolean logic. Boolean logic uses simple
operators to relate key words:
AND -
"key word 1" AND "key word 2" filters such that any returned hit has both "key word 1" and "key word 2" in the returned hit.

OR -
"key word 1" OR "key word 2" filters such that any returned hit has either "key word 1"  or "key word 2" in the returned hit, not necessarily both.

NOT -
"key word 1" NOT "key word 2" filters such that any returned hit has "key word 1" and does not have  "key word 2" in the returned hit.

For example:
In most cases, the country name or country 2- or 3-letter designator of the adversary is always associated with any desired information search return to ensure that the search returns only information focused on the AO and AOI, for example:
[RD OR RED] AND ["Theater Ballistic Missile" OR TBM] will return hits that are focused on the country RED that relate to theater ballistic missiles.

There is no effective way to provide a template for building the filtering logic for an information search, because of the wide variety of search engines used by the intelligence community. This template provides a way of identifying the key words and then the analyst must work with the data search operator to define the filtering logic based on the search tools available to the data search operator.

3 -
After receiving the results of the data information search evaluate the results. If the search returned a much larger number of hits that are not relevant then tighten the filtering logic to reduce the number of to a
manageable level. If the search returned a much smaller number of hits then expected and there appears to be missing information then expand the filtering logic to increase the number of returns. In any case it
will likely take several iterations to get to an efficient and effective set of key words and filtering logic. In some cases the key words and filtering logic will have to be dynamic to keep up with changing situations.
4 -
When choosing key words and setting up filtering logic take caution with the use of plurals, abbreviations, compound words, and others. The particular cautions and their fixes will be dependent on the specific
search system being used. Work closely with the data search operator to ensure the best possible choices of key words and filtering logic have been chosen. As an example, the use of the key word "Denial & Deception" may yield little or no results on some search systems while "Denial and Deception" retrieves the results that are of interest.
Notes:

## Dia Standardized Functional Category Code Information Search Template (U)

TM Research, Development, Testing, and Evaluation (RDT&E)
Radar Systems - All Types [40340, 40341, 40343, 40344, 40346, 40347]

RDT&E and Operational Training Theater Missile Impact Areas
TM - All Types [408?? (except 40801, 408?2, 4086?)]



Short Range Ballistic Missiles (SRBM) [7070?, 707?5 (except 7074?), 70710] Medium Range Ballistic Missiles (MRBMs [7070?, 707?3 (except 7074?), 70710] Sea-Launched Ballistic Missiles (SLBM) [7070?, 70740, 70742, 70743, 70745, 70730, 70740] Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM) [7070?, 707?2 (except 7074?), 70710] Ground-Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) [7070?, 707?4] Cruise Missiles (CM) [7070?, 707?0] Air-to-Surface Missiles (ASM) [7070?, 707?6 70720]
TM Production
SRBMs [6820?, 6821?, 6871?] MRBMs [6813?, 6871?, 6872?] SLBMs [6815?, 6824?, 6831?, 6832?, 6871?, 6872?] IRBMs [6812?, 6871?, 6872?] Ground-Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) [6814?, 6823?] Naval Cruise Missiles [6833?] Tactical Air-to-Surface Missiles (TASM) [6850?, 6852?] ASMs [6850?, 6851?] UAVs [616??, 688??]
Radar Systems [5214?, 524??] TM - All Types [408?? (except 408?2 and 4086?), 5253?, 5261?, 5263?, 680??, 6810?]
Warheads - All Types [62213, 6233?, 6235?, 627??, 6294?, 6930?, 6934?, 6935?] Rocket Motors - All Types [6234?] Solid Propellants - All Types [68006, 692??] Ground Support Equipment (GSE) Chassis [641?? (64131, 6414?, and 6415?), 6442?, 68005, 68125, 68135, 68145, 68215, 68235, 68315, 68325, 68335, 68515, 68525, 68715, 68725, 68805]
Deception and Denial (D&D) Equipment [524??, 652??]
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
Chemical Weapons RDT&E [405??] Biological Weapons RDT&E [405??] Nuclear Weapons RDT&E [401??] Chemical Weapons Production [6600?, 6610?, 66120, 66121, 66129, 6615?, 668??, 6690?, 6695?, 6699?] Biological Weapons Production [6650?, 6651?, 6652?, 6690?, 6695?, 6699?] Nuclear Weapons Production [603??] Chemical Weapons Storage [662??, 6690?, 6691?, 6692?, 6693?, 6694?, 6699?] Biological Weapons Storage [666??, 6690?, 6691?, 6692?, 6693?, 6694?, 6699?] Nuclear Weapons Storage [604??, 605??] Chemical Operational Facilities [6630?, 66310. 66311, 66350, 66351] Biological Operational Facilities [6630?, 66310. 66311, 66350, 66352]
Line of Communications (LOC)
Roads [441??, 442??, 443??, 444??, 447??] Railroads [451??, 452??, 453??, 454??, 45500, 457??, 4592?, 4593?, 4595?, 4596?] Naval [473??, 477??]
Key Terrain
Roads [441??, 442??, 443??, 444??, 445?? (except 44591)] Railroads [451??, 452??, 454??, 455??] Naval [479??]
Operational Storage, Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul, Refit, and Depots
SRBMs [8760?, 87645, 88250, 88251] MRBMs [8760?, 87635, 88250, 88251] IRBMs [8760?, 87625, 88250, 88251] GLCMs [8760?, 87655, 88250, 88251] Multiple Missile Types [8760?, 87665] Missile Liquid Propellant Storage [219??] Aviation and Aviation Delivered Missiles [8600?, 8610?, 8611?, 8612?, 8613?, 862??, 863?? (except 8632?), 864??, 867??, 869?? (except 8693?), 88253] Naval TMs [9700?, 972??, 88252]
National or Main Operating Garrisons/Bases/Ports/Facilities/Posts
Missile Complex Centers - Geographic Position Points [70310] SRBMs [8760?, 87644, 87647, 87648, 88280, 88281] MRBMs [8760?, 87634, 87637, 87638, 88280, 88281] IRBMs [8760?, 87624, 87627, 87628, 88280, 88281] GLCMs [8760?, 87654, 87657, 87658, 88280, 88281] Aviation and Aviation Delivered Missiles [88283] Naval TMs [88282] Multiple Missile Types [8760?, 87664, 87667, 87668]
Aviation Airfields (including temporary airfields, such as highway strips)
Aircraft [8000?, 8001?, 8002?, 8003?, 8004?, 8005?, 8006?, 80071, 80072, 80073, 80074, 80075, 8010?, 8011?, 8016?] Helicopter [80060, 80150, 80151, 80153]
Naval TMs
Major Surface Ships [9500?, 9511?] Other Surface Ships [9500?, 9512?, 9513?, 9514?] Submarines [9520?, 95211?, 95212?]

All DIA Standardized Functional Category Codes are 5 numerical characters in length. There are a potential 90,000 category codes. In order to provide an efficient method for information searching most information systems use wild card characters. Only one wild card character is used within this template. That wild card character is ?. The ? represents 0 through 9 in any combination. For example, the category code 2191? represents the category codes 21910 through 21919; category code 219?? represents the category codes 21900 through 21999; and category code 21?10 represents the category codes 21010, 21110, 21210, 21310, 21410, 21510, 21610, 21710, 21810, & 21910.

## Dia Standardized Functional Category Code Information Search Template (U)

Operational Support Garrisons/Bases/Ports/Facilities/Posts
SLBMs [8760?,  8762?, 882?0. 882?2]


MRBMs [8760?,  8762?, 882?0. 882?1]
GLCMs[8760?,  8765?, 882?0. 882?1] Aviation [882?0. 882?3] Aviation Delivered Missiles [882?0. 882?3] Naval TMs [8790?, 8791?, 8792?, 8793?, 8794?, 882?0. 882?2] Coastal Defense Missiles [8790?, 8795?, 882?0. 882?1] Multiple Missile Types [8760?, 8766?]
Operational Field Garrisons/Bases/Facilities/Posts/Areas
SRBMs [87609, 87649] MRBMs [87609, 87639] IRBMs [87609, 87629] GLCMs [87609, 87659] Multiple Missile Types [87609, 87669]
Operational Missile Sites/Areas
Fixed

SRBMs [8700?, 8706?, 8714?] MRBMs [8700?, 8703?, 8714?, 8800?, 88100, 88101, 88130, 88131, 88134, 88135, 88136, 88140, 88141, 88144, 88145, 88146] IRBMs [8700?, 8702?, 8714?, 8800?, 88100, 88101, 88120, 88121, 88124, 88125, 88126, 88140, 88141, 88144, 88145, 88146] GLCMs [8700?, 8705?, 8714?, 8800?, 88103, 88123, 88133, 88143, 88153, 88163, 88150, 88151, 88154, 88155, 88156, 88161]
Naval Surface-to-Surface Missiles (SSM) [8700?, 8800?, 88102, 88122, 88132, 88142, 88152, 88162]
Mobile Launch Positions

Road [8718?] Railroad [8717?] Troops in the Field, Tactical Missile Troop Field Position [9024?] Naval Relocation Areas [953?? (except 953?4 and 9534?)] Coastal Defenses [9800?, 981?? (except 9823?)]
Operational Training Garrisons/Bases/Facilities/Posts/Areas

SRBMs [87606, 87646, 88260, 88261] MRBMs [87606, 87636, 87646, 88260, 88261] IRBMs [87606, 87626, 87646, 88260, 88261] GLCMs [87606, 88293, 87646, 87656, 88260, 88261] Naval TMs [88262] Aviation and Aviation Delivered Missiles [88263] Multiple Missile Types [87666]
Potential Mobile Ground-Launched TM Hide Sites

Road Bridges and Viaducts [441??] Railroad Bridges and Viaducts [451??] Road Tunnels and Bunkers [442??] Railroad Tunnels and  Bunkers [452??] Other Manmade Tunnels and  Bunkers [9820?, 9821?, 9828?, 9829?] Natural and Constructed Caves [9826?] Covered Storage Areas [481?? (except 4814? and 4815?)] Artillery Positions [9823?] Other [443??]
Command and Control

National and National Command Authority (NCA)[8900? (except 89002), 8901?, 8910?, 893?? (except 8932?), 894?? (except 8942?), 895?? (except 8952?)]
National Level TM [8740?, 8741?, (except 874?1)] SRBMs [8740?, 874?6, 874?8, 874?0, (except 874?1), 88300, 88311] MRBMs [8740?, 874?3, 874?4,  874?0, (except 874?1), 8780?, 8783?, 88300, 88311] IRBMs [8740?, 874?2, 874?4,  874?0, (except 874?1), 8780?, 8782?, 88300, 88311] GLCMs [8740?, 874?5,  874?0, (except 874?1), 8780?, 8784?, 88300, 88311] Aviation and Aviation Delivered Munitions [8100?, 813?? (except 81300), 814??, 88313] Naval TMs [88302, 956??, 96000, 96001, 96002, 96100, 96101, 96102, 962?? (except 96213, 96223, 9623?, 9624?, 96253, 9626?), 96300, 96301, 96302] Multiple Missile Types [8740?, 874?7,  874?0, (except 874?1)]
Communications
Landlines

Coaxial Cable [41300, 4132?, 4133?] Submarine Cable [41300, 4131?] Multiconductor [41300, 4133?] Fiber Optic [41300, 4134?] Switching and Control Centers [414??] Radio Frequency (RF) [411?? except 41113] Satellite Communications (SATCOM [4114?] Fixed Base Mobile Signal Units [8960?, 8966?, 8968?, 8969?]
Air Defense

Early Warning, Surveillance, Detection, Tracking, and Acquisition Radars [851??] Ground Controlled Intercept (GCI) Radar Facilities [852??] Missile Control Radars [853??] Surveillance Radar [854??] Anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) Gunfire Control Radar [8550?, 8552?] Complexes [8720?, 872?2, 872?5, 872?7 (except 8724?), 8730?, 873?1, 873?4, 873?5, 873?6, 873?9, 8740?, ]

All DIA Standardized Functional Category Codes are 5 numerical characters in length. There are a potential 90,000 category codes. In order to provide an efficient method for information searching most information systems use wild card characters. Only one wild card character is used within this template. That wild card character is ?. The ? represents 0 through 9 in any combination. For example, the category code 2191? represents the category codes 21910 through 21919; category code 219?? represents the category codes 21900 through 21999; and category code 21?10 represents the category codes 21010, 21110, 21210, 21310, 21410, 21510, 21610, 21710, 21810, & 21910.

## Dia Standardized Equipment Code Information Search Template (U)

Character Position 1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Description

A
Aircraft, Fixed Wing



Attack
?
Unique Aircraft Type Identifier
B
Aircraft, Rotary Wing
?
?
Unique Aircraft Type Identifier
ASW
Attack
C
Vessels, Combatant Ship Category

All DIA Standardized Equipment Codes are 5 alphanumerical characters in length. In order to provide an efficient method for information searching most information systems use wild card characters. Only one wild card character is used within this template. That wild card character is ?. The ? represents 0 through 9 in any combination. For example, the equipment code AA??P represents the equipment codes AA00P through AAZZP; and equipment code AA00? represents the equipment codes AA00A, AA00B, AA00C, AA00D, AA00E, AA00F, AA00G, AA00H, AA00I, AA00J, AA00K, AA00L, AA00M, AA00N, AA00O, AA00P, AA00R, AA00S, AA00T, AA00U, AA00V, AA00W, AA00X, AA00Y, AA00Z.

Bomber, Long Range Bomber, Intermediate Range Bomber, Short Range Fighter, All-Weather Fighter, Day Fighter-Bomber Antisubmarine Warfare Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Drones, and Remotely Piloted Vehicles (RPV) Multi-Role Combat Aircraft Mixed / Unknown Types and 'Total' Entries Antiship Capability Attack Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) Antiradar
No Modification to Basic Type UAV / Drone / RPV Conversion Control
Other Special Modifications Multiple Capability Fighter-Bomber All Weather Fighter Attack Helicopter ASW Helicopter UAVs / Drones / Remotely Piloted Helicopters (RPH) Mixed/Unknown Types and 'Total' Entries Autogyro No Modification to Basic Type Other Special Modifications Antiship Submarine Type Aircraft Carrier Type Surface Combatant Type, Battleship Surface Combatant Type, Cruiser Surface Combatant Type, Destroyer Surface Combatant Type, Frigate Patrol Combatant Type Coast Guard Cutter Ship Type Entry (without Ship Class Name Indication) Not Further Identified Single Ship Entry New Ship Class Entry Miscellaneous Groupings Projected
Total Count Entry for the Given Ship Type
Ship Type Entry (without Ship Class Name Indication) Not Further Identified Single Ship Entry New Ship Class Entry

27

## Dia Standardized Equipment Code Information Search Template (U)

Character Position 1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Description



All DIA Standardized Equipment Codes are 5 alphanumerical characters in length. In order to provide an efficient method for information searching most information systems use wild card characters. Only one wild card character is used within this template. That wild card character is ?. The ? represents 0 through 9 in any combination. For example, the equipment code AA??P represents the equipment codes AA00P through AAZZP; and equipment code AA00? represents the equipment codes AA00A, AA00B, AA00C, AA00D, AA00E, AA00F, AA00G, AA00H, AA00I, AA00J, AA00K, AA00L, AA00M, AA00N, AA00O, AA00P, AA00R, AA00S, AA00T, AA00U, AA00V, AA00W, AA00X, AA00Y, AA00Z.

Classification: _________________________________________________________________
TMD IPB Template -- 18 March 2000
Local Reproduction Authorized

Aircraft Engines (for Fixed Wing Aircraft) Aircraft Engines (for Rotary Wing Aircraft) Naval/Marine Engines Space Launch Vehicle/Spacecraft Engines and Propulsion Systems Armored Vehicle/Tank Engines Vehicular Engines Rail Locomotive Engines Missile/Rocket Propulsion Systems Miscellaneous Engines/Propulsion Systems Aircraft, Fixed Wing Related Aircraft, Rotary Wing Related Vessels, Combatant Ship Category Related Vessels, Combatant Craft Category Related Engines and Propulsion Systems Related
Armored Vehicle Related General Purpose Vehicles Related
Special Purpose Vehicles Related Engineering Equipment Related Air Defense Weapons Related Field Artillery/Surface Bombardment/Torpedo Systems Related Surface-to-Surface Missile (SSM) Launchers/Rocket Launchers Related Radar/Electronic Equipment Related Communications/Automated Data Processing (ADP) Related Ammunition Reload Related Not Otherwise Categorized Related Armored Command Vehicle (ACV) Armored Combat Support Vehicles Armored Service Support Vehicles Amphibious / Tracked Amphibious / Wheeled Non-Amphibious / Tracked Non-Amphibious / Wheeled Half-Tracked Vehicles Mixed or Variant Types Mixed or Variant Types Tractor (Prime Mover) Trailer / Semitrailer Truck Combination / Variant / Unknown Less Than or Equal to 1/4 Ton / 5 Personnel Less Than or Equal to 1/2 Ton / 10 Personnel Less Than or Equal to 3/4 Ton / 15 Personnel Less Than or Equal to 1 Ton / 20 Personnel Less Than or Equal to 1.5 Ton / 25 Personnel Less Than or Equal to 2 Tons / 30 Personnel Less Than or Equal to 2.5 Tons / 35 Personnel
Less Than or Equal to 3 Tons / 40 Personnel Less Than or Equal to 4 Tons / 45 Personnel Less Than or Equal to 5 Tons / 50 Personnel More Than 5 Tons / 50 Personnel Mixed or Multiple Weight / Personnel Categories Unknown

## Dia Standardized Equipment Code Information Search Template (U)

Character Position 1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Description
S
Engineering Equipment
B
Earth-Moving Equipment (Bulldozers, Excavators, etc.)
C
Construction (Cranes, Jackhammers, etc.)
F
Material Lifting and Handling Equipment
M
Mixed or Multi-Purpose Equipment
A
Tracked Self-Propelled, Amphibious
B
Tracked Self-Propelled, Non-Amphibious
C
Wheeled, Self-Propelled,  Amphibious
D
Wheeled, Self-Propelled,  Non-Amphibious
E
Wheeled, Towed,  Amphibious
F
Wheeled, Towed,  Non-Amphibious
G
Floating Only
H
Foxed
U
Unknown or Not Applicable
?
?
Unique Equipment Identifier



T
Air Defense Weapons
G
Missile Launcher, Fixed Site
H
Missile Launcher, Man-Portable
I
Missile Launcher, Self-Propelled
J
Missile Launcher, Towed
K
Missile Launcher, Shipboard Mounted
U
Mixed/Multiple Categories/Unknown
1
Optical Tracking/Unguided
2
Radar Tracking, Unguided
3
Optical Tracking, Homing
4
Radar Tracking, Homing
5
Command Guided/Wire Guided
6
Homing
U
Unknown
V
Mixed/Variant
?
?
Unique Equipment Identifier
U
Field Artillery / Surface Bombardment Weapons / Torpedo Tubes
O
Multiple Rocket Launcher, Towed
R
Rocket Launcher, Single Rail (not mounted)
P
Multiple Rocket Launcher, Self-Propelled
M
Equal To 122 mm
N
Greater Than 122 mm But Less Than 152 mm
O
Greater Than Or Equal To 152 mm But Less Than 155 mm
P
Equal To 155 mm
Q
Greater Than 152 mm But Less Than Or Equal To 175 mm
R
Greater Than 175 mm But Less Than Or Equal To 210 mm
Greater Than 210 mm But Less Than 240 mm
Equal To Or Greater Than 240 mm
Unknown
Mixed/Variant
Unique Equipment Identifier
SSM Launchers / Rocket Launchers
Ballistic Missiles With Ranges Greater Than 600 km Ballistic Missiles With Ranges Less Than 600 km Free Rockets
Guided Cruise Missiles
Antiship Surface Missile
Unknown / Mixed
Fixed Site
Ship or Submarine Launcher Self-Propelled Launcher Towed Launcher
Semi-Mobile Launcher
Unknown / Mixed
Unique Equipment Identifier
Alternative 2nd Character For Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM) Alternative 2nd Character For Medium Range Ballistic Missiles (MRBM)
Alternative 2nd Character For Short Range Ballistic Missiles (SRBM)

All DIA Standardized Equipment Codes are 5 alphanumerical characters in length. In order to provide an efficient method for information searching most information systems use wild card characters. Only one wild card character is used within this template. That wild card character is ?. The ? represents 0 through 9 in any combination. For example, the equipment code AA??P represents the equipment codes AA00P through AAZZP; and equipment code AA00? represents the equipment codes AA00A, AA00B, AA00C, AA00D, AA00E, AA00F, AA00G, AA00H, AA00I, AA00J, AA00K, AA00L, AA00M, AA00N, AA00O, AA00P, AA00R, AA00S, AA00T, AA00U, AA00V, AA00W, AA00X, AA00Y, AA00Z.

Classification: _________________________________________________________________

## Dia Standardized Equipment Code Information Search Template (U)

Character Position 1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Description
X
Radars, Electronic Warfare (EW) Equipment, And Other Remote Detection Devices
A
Early Warning / Acquisition Radars, Component Parts, And Overall Systems
B
Height Finding Radars, Component Parts, And Overall Systems
C
Missile Guidance Radars, Component Parts, And Overall Systems
D
Fire Control Radars, Component Parts, And Overall Systems
F
Combat Surveillance Radars, Component Parts, And Overall Systems
I
Meteorological Radars, Component Parts, And Overall Systems
J
Mixed Or Unidentified Radars, Component Parts, And Overall Systems
K
Radiosondes And Ionosondes
O
EW Equipment (Active)
R
Waterway / Seaway Traffic Control And Ship Navigational Radars
A
Land Based Or Radiosondes
B
Land Based Or Radiosonde Sounders
C
Land Based
E
Experimental And Developmental Radars
F
Radar Entries By Megahertz And Frequency Band
H
Harbor Surveillance Radars
I
Ionosondes
J
Countermeasures / Jammer
N
Naval
Q
U.S. Produced
R
Airborne
S
Airborne Intercept Or 3-Dimensional Or Coastal Surveillance Radar
T
Tracking Or Direction Finder
W
Weather
X
Wind Finder
Z
General / Mixed / Totals
U
Unidentified Electronic Equipment
?
?
Unique Equipment Identifier



Y
Communications and ADP Equipment
A
Communication Antennas
C
ADP Equipment
E
Communications Equipment
F
Communications Associated Equipment
D
Radio Sets and Stations
E
Radio Transmitters
F
Radio Receivers
G
Radio Transceivers
H
Radio Relay Systems
I
Communications Equipment, Mixed, or Unspecified
J
ADP Equipment, General Purpose
K
ADP Equipment, Fire Control
L
ADP Associated Equipment
Q
Communications Antennas, Naval (Shipboard)
R
Communications Antennas, Airborne
?
?
Unique Equipment Identifier
Z
Ammunition Reload
B
Ballistic Missiles with Ranges from 600 km to 5,500 km
Ballistic Missiles with Ranges Less Than 600 km
Guided Cruise Missiles

All DIA Standardized Equipment Codes are 5 alphanumerical characters in length. In order to provide an efficient method for information searching most information systems use wild card characters. Only one wild card character is used within this template. That wild card character is ?. The ? represents 0 through 9 in any combination. For example, the equipment code AA??P represents the equipment codes AA00P through AAZZP; and equipment code AA00? represents the equipment codes AA00A, AA00B, AA00C, AA00D, AA00E, AA00F, AA00G, AA00H, AA00I, AA00J, AA00K, AA00L, AA00M, AA00N, AA00O, AA00P, AA00R, AA00S, AA00T, AA00U, AA00V, AA00W, AA00X, AA00Y, AA00Z.

SUGGESTED TEMPLATES
SUGGESTED TEMPLATES
SUGGESTED TEMPLATES
SUGGESTED TEMPLATES FOR STEP TWO OF THE
                   FOR STEP TWO OF THE
                    FOR STEP TWO OF THE
                   FOR STEP TWO OF THE TMD IPB PROCESS
                                       TMD IPB PROCESS
                                       TMD IPB PROCESS
                                       TMD IPB PROCESS

"DEFINE THE BATTLESP
"DEFINE THE BATTLESP
"DEFINE THE BATTLESP
"DEFINE THE BATTLESPACE
                    ACE
                    ACE
                    ACE'S EFFECTS"
                       'S EFFECTS"
                       'S EFFECTS"
                       'S EFFECTS"

31



Current Weather Observation(s)


Commonlly Available GGIS Products
Global Navigation Chart(s)


Jet Navigation Chart(s)


Operational Navigation Chart(s)


Tactical Pilotage Chart(s)


Joint Operations Graphic / Ground (Series 1501) Chart(s)


Joint Operations Graphic / Air (Series 1501 Air) Chart(s)


Joint Operations Graphic / Radar (Series 1501 Radar) Chart(s)


Topographic Line Map(s) (1:25,000)


Topographic Line Map(s) (1:50,000)


Topographic Line Map(s) (1:100,000)


Nautical Chart(s) or Hydrographic Chart(s)


Digital Chart of the World II


Digital Terrain Elevation Data Level 1


Digital Terrain Elevation Data Level 2


ARC Digitized Raster Graphic(s)


Compressed ARC Digitized Raster Graphic(s)


Digital Bathymetric Data Base (DBDB)


DBDB - Variable Resolution


DBDB 5'


DBDB 0.5'


DBDB 0.1'


Other Vector, Raster, Data, and Hard Copy GGIS Products
Aim Point Graphic(s)


Air Target Chart(s) - Series 200


Anaglyph(s)


Approach Chart(s)


ARC Digitized Raster Image(s)


ASW Prediction Area Chart(s)


Automated Tactical Target Graphic(s)


Basic Target Graphic(s)


Bathymetric Navigation Planning Chart(s)


Bathymetric Recovery Area Chart(s)


Bottom Contour Chart(s)


City Graphic(s)


Coastal Chart(s)


Combat Chart(s)


Compressed Aeronautical Chart(s)


Compressed Digital Terrain Elevation Data


Compressed Raster Graphic(s)


Current Chart(s)


DBDB - Variable Resolution


Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File


Digital Cities Data Base


Digital Elevation Model


Digital Features Analysis Data Level 1C


Digital Features Analysis Data Level 3C


Digital Terrain Elevation Data Level 4


Digital Terrain Elevation Data Level 5


Digital World Port Index


Foundation Features Data


Gazetteer


Gridded Airfield Photograph(s)


Gridded Installation Photograph(s)


Harbor Chart(s)


Harbor, Approach and Coastal Chart(s)


Harbor, Approach and Coastal 1 Chart(s)


Harbor, Approach and Coastal 2 Chart(s)


Harbor, Approach and Coastal 3 Chart(s)


Harbor, Approach and Coastal 4 Chart(s)


Harbor, Approach and Coastal 5 Chart(s)


Harbor, Approach and Coastal 6 Chart(s)


Harbor, Approach and Coastal 7 Chart(s)


Harbor, Approach and Coastal 8 Chart(s)


Harbor, Approach and Coastal 9 Chart(s)


Harbor, Approach, Coastal & General Nautical Chart(s)


High Speed Digital Chart(s)


Ice Chart(s)


Instrument Approach Chart(s)


Interim Terrain Data


Joint Digital Target Material


Littoral Warfare Data


Magnetic Anomaly Detection Planning Chart(s)


Magnetic Anomaly Detection Operational Effectiveness Chart(s)


Military Installation Map(s)


Modified Facsimile Chart(s)


Naval Operating Area Chart(s)


Non-Submarine Contact List(s)


Sound Surveillance Systems Chart(s)


Standard Image Map


Tactical Oceanographic Data - Level 0


Tactical Oceanographic Data - Level 1


Tactical Oceanographic Data - Level 2


Tactical Terrain Analysis Data Base


Tactical terrain Data


Urban Vector Map(s)


Vector Product Interim Terrain Data


Vector Relocatable Targets Analysis Data


Vector Vertical Obstruction Data


Vertical Obstruction Data


Video Point Positioning Data Base


World Data Bank II


World Magnetic Model


World Mean Elevation Data

Some products are available on a limited basis or are planned for future production (in *italics*) by NIMA

##

35

## Feature Class Data To Terrain Analysis Template Cross Reference Template (U)

TerrainAnalysis". For each TerrainAnalysis Template check the availability of the Feature Foundation Data within your available GGIS products. Next check Feature Foundation Data (FFD) is a set of features defined by NIMA and found in NIMA's hard copy and digital GGIS products. The Feature Foundation Data is divided into codes, attributes, and values and is consistent with terrain features used in USAFM 5-33 "
whether the Feature Foundation Data is required or optional for a particularTerrainAnalysisTemplate. If required place an R in eachTerrainAnalysisTemplate block requiring the Feature Foundation Data. If optional place an O
ineachTerrainAnalysisTemplateblockrequiringtheFeatureFoundationData.AsaninitialstartingpointthistemplatehasgrayedcellsfortypicallyrequiredFeatureFoundationDataforeachTerrainAnalysisTemplate.

Intermediate
Highest Z-value (meters) Highest Z-value (meters)
Aqueduct
X X
Hydrological Category
Dry Non-Perennial / Intermittent / Fluctuating Perennial / Permanent
Width (meters)
X X
Hydrological Category
Dry Non-Perennial / Intermittent / Fluctuating
Perennial / Permanent
Width (meters) Hydrological Category
Non-Perennial / Intermittent / Fluctuating Perennial / Permanent
Width (meters) Hydrological Category
Perennial / Permanent
Land Subject to Inundation Reservoir
Hydrological Category

## Feature Class Data To Terrain Analysis Template Cross Reference Template (U)

TerrainAnalysis". For each TerrainAnalysis Template check the availability of the Feature Foundation Data within your available GGIS products. Next check Feature Foundation Data (FFD) is a set of features defined by NIMA and found in NIMA's hard copy and digital GGIS products. The Feature Foundation Data is divided into codes, attributes, and values and is consistent with terrain features used in USAFM 5-33 "
whether the Feature Foundation Data is required or optional for a particularTerrainAnalysisTemplate. If required place an R in eachTerrainAnalysisTemplate block requiring the Feature Foundation Data. If optional place an O
ineachTerrainAnalysisTemplateblockrequiringtheFeatureFoundationData.AsaninitialstartingpointthistemplatehasgrayedcellsfortypicallyrequiredFeatureFoundationDataforeachTerrainAnalysisTemplate.

## Feature Class Data To Terrain Analysis Template Cross Reference Template (U)

TerrainAnalysis". For each TerrainAnalysis Template check the availability of the Feature Foundation Data within your available GGIS products. Next check Feature Foundation Data (FFD) is a set of features defined by NIMA and found in NIMA's hard copy and digital GGIS products. The Feature Foundation Data is divided into codes, attributes, and values and is consistent with terrain features used in USAFM 5-33 "
whether the Feature Foundation Data is required or optional for a particularTerrainAnalysisTemplate. If required place an R in eachTerrainAnalysisTemplate block requiring the Feature Foundation Data. If optional place an O
ineachTerrainAnalysisTemplateblockrequiringtheFeatureFoundationData.AsaninitialstartingpointthistemplatehasgrayedcellsfortypicallyrequiredFeatureFoundationDataforeachTerrainAnalysisTemplate.

Bridge / Overpass / Viaduct
Existence Category
Under Construction Destroyed Operational
X X X
L N L N L N
X X
L N L N L N
X X X
Length / Diameter (meters) Transportation Use Category
Both Road and Railroad Railroad Road
Minimum Traveled Way Width (decimeters)
X
Ferry Crossing
X
L N L N L N
Ferry Crossing Length (meters)
X X
L N L N L N
X X X
X
L N L N L N
X
X X
L N L N L N
X X
L N L N L N
Transportation Use Category
Both Road and Railroad
Railroad Road
Tunnel
Existence Category
Under Construction Operational
Length / Diameter (meters) Transportation Use Category
Both Road and Railroad Railroad Road
X X X
X
L N L N L N
X X
Pier / Wharf / Quay
Length / Diameter (meters) Width
Ford Airport / Airfield
X X
X
Existence Category
Under Construction Abandoned / Disused Destroyed
X X X
Operational
X
L N L N L N
P L A P L A P L A P L A P L A P L A
Friendly AD and TMD Radar Masking Template
Friendly Airborne Radar Masking Template
Friendly Surface Radar Masking Template

## Feature Class Data To Terrain Analysis Template Cross Reference Template (U)

TerrainAnalysis". For each TerrainAnalysis Template check the availability of the Feature Foundation Data within your available GGIS products. Next check Feature Foundation Data (FFD) is a set of features defined by NIMA and found in NIMA's hard copy and digital GGIS products. The Feature Foundation Data is divided into codes, attributes, and values and is consistent with terrain features used in USAFM 5-33 "
whether the Feature Foundation Data is required or optional for a particularTerrainAnalysisTemplate. If required place an R in eachTerrainAnalysisTemplate block requiring the Feature Foundation Data. If optional place an O
ineachTerrainAnalysisTemplateblockrequiringtheFeatureFoundationData.AsaninitialstartingpointthistemplatehasgrayedcellsfortypicallyrequiredFeatureFoundationDataforeachTerrainAnalysisTemplate.

## Feature Class Data To Terrain Analysis Template Cross Reference Template (U)

TerrainAnalysis". For each TerrainAnalysis Template check the availability of the Feature Foundation Data within your available GGIS products. Next check Feature Foundation Data (FFD) is a set of features defined by NIMA and found in NIMA's hard copy and digital GGIS products. The Feature Foundation Data is divided into codes, attributes, and values and is consistent with terrain features used in USAFM 5-33 "
whether the Feature Foundation Data is required or optional for a particularTerrainAnalysisTemplate. If required place an R in eachTerrainAnalysisTemplate block requiring the Feature Foundation Data. If optional place an O
ineachTerrainAnalysisTemplateblockrequiringtheFeatureFoundationData.AsaninitialstartingpointthistemplatehasgrayedcellsfortypicallyrequiredFeatureFoundationDataforeachTerrainAnalysisTemplate.

Friendly Surface ISR and Fire Control Template
Adversary Standoff ISR and FC Coverage Template
Adversary Surface ISR and FC Coverage Template
Adversary TM Force EM Spectrum Template
Friendly AD and TMD Radar Masking Template
Friendly Airborne Radar Masking Template

## Terrain Assessment Checklist And Status Template (U)

| Start Date                          |
|-------------------------------------|
| Surface Configuration Templates     |
| Land Surface Configuration Template |
Vegetation Template
Vegetation Template
Surface Materials Template
Surface Materials Template
Obstacle Templates
Land Obstacle Template
Nautical Obstacle Template
Transportation / Line of Communications Infrastructure Templates
Road LOC Infrastructure Template
Railroad LOC Infrastructure Template
Airfield LOC Infrastructure Template
Port LOC Infrastructure Template
ONCs [H=Hardcopy C=CADRG B=Both]
JOGs [H=Hardcopy C=CADRG B=Both]
JOG/A [H=Hardcopy C=CADRG B=Both]
JOG/R [H=Hardcopy C=CADRG B=Both]
TLM 1:25,000 [H=Hardcopy C=CADRG B=Both]
TLM 1:50,000 [H=Hardcopy C=CADRG B=Both]
TLM 1:100,000 [H=Hardcopy C=CADRG B=Both]
DCW II [X=Required]
DTED [Indicate Maximum Level Available]
VMap-1 [X=Required]
VMap-2 [X=Required]
CIB [Indicate 10 or 5 meter Coverage]
DFAD [Indicate Maximum Level Available]
TERCAT [X=Required]
Nautical Charts [H=Hardcopy C=CADRG B=Both]
WVS+ [X=Required]
DBDB [5=5' 2=0.5' 1=0.1' V=Variable Coverage]

## Tmd Ipb Slope Categories Template (U)

Slope Category
Associated Vehicle(s) /
Equipment
Cat
Codes
% Slope Definition
Degree Slope Definition
Slope Associated Speed Definition
Unrestricted On-Road
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
CCM -- Unrestricted / Go
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
CCM -- Restricted
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
CCM -- No Go
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
TM Launch Operations
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
TM Fire Control Operations
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
TM Field Missile Handling Ops
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
TM Field Storage Operations
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
User Defined Slope Categories
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph
O
% SLOPE


%,
Deg SLOPE


Deg,
Kph SPEED


Kph

Notes:

Typical
Vegetation Code
Vegetation Type
Vegetation
Roughness
Factor (VRF)
A1
Agriculture (dry crops)
0.80
A2
Agriculture (wet crops, rice)

A3
Agriculture (terraced crops, both wet and dry)

A4
Agriculture (shifting cultivation)

B1
Brushland (<5 meters high, open to medium spacing)

B2
Brushland (<5 meters high, medium to dense spacing)
0.95
C*
Coniferous/Evergreen Forest

D*
Decidous Forest

E*
Mixed Forest (Coniferous/Decidous)

EV
Salt Evaporators/Salt Encrustation

F*
Orchard/Plantation (rubber, palm, fruit, etc.)

G1
Grassland, Pasture, Meadow
0.90
G2
Grassland with Scattered Trees, some Scrub Growth
0.60
H
Forest Clearing (cutover areas, burns, etc.)
0.50
I**
Swamp (mangrove, cypress, etc.)
0.10
J
Marsh / Bog (treeless bogs, maskegs, etc.)
0.10
K
Wetlands (low-lying wet areas)

L
Vineyard/Hops

M
Bamboo

N
Bare Ground

PS
Permanent Snowfield

RK
Exposed Bedrock/Features Void of Surface Materials

T
Trees Unidentified Types

W
Open Water
0.00
X
Built-up Area


*     These vegetation types are given a three digit code. In addition to the letter for the type code, a second digit (number) is added as the canopy closure code [1 - 0-25% canopy closure, 2 - 25-50% canopy closure, 3 - 50-75% canopy closure, and 4 - 75-100% canopy closure], and a third digit (number) and possibly fourth digit is added as the height code [Mean or average height to top of canopy for a specific tree type or category rounded to nearest meter or tenth of a meter if less than 10 meters in height]. **    A second digit, representing canopy closure, is added to the swamp code [1 - 0-25% canopy closure, 2 - 25-50% canopy closure, 3 - 50-75% canopy closure, and 4 - 75-100% canopy closure].

43

| Rating Cone Index Values    | Soils Category                        |
|-----------------------------|---------------------------------------|
| USCS Symbol                 |                                       |
| 1                           |                                       |
|                             |                                       |
| Type                        |                                       |
| Dry                         | Moist                                 |
| GW                          | Gravel or sandy gravel, well graded   |
| GP                          | Gravel or sandy gravel, poorly graded |
| GM                          | Gravel, silty                         |
| GC                          | Gravel or sand gravel, clayed         |
| SW                          | Sand, well graded                     |
| SP                          | Sand, poorly graded                   |
| SM                          | Sand, Silty                           |
| SC                          | Sand, clayey                          |
| ML                          | Silts                                 |
| CL                          | Clays                                 |
| OL                          | Organic silts                         |
| MH                          | Inorganic elastic silts               |
| CH                          | Fat clays                             |
| OH                          | Fat organic clays                     |
| PT                          | High organic soils or peat            |
| R                           |                                       |
| 2                           |                                       |
|                             | Rock outcrops                         |
| NE                          |                                       |
| 2                           |                                       |
|                             | Not evaluated                         |
| W                           |                                       |
| 2                           |                                       |
|                             | Open water                            |

1 Unified Soils Classification System 2 Not part of the Unified Soils Classification System codes. For a particular soil type, compare the Rating Cone Index value to the Vehicle Cone Index value found in TMD IPB Step 3 equipment templates to determine cross-country movement impacts. For example, one adversary TM launcher may have a Vehicle Cone Index1 of 30 and can therefore traverse wet clay (Rating Cone Index=40), but not sandy silt (Rating Cone Index=25). If the Vehicle Cone Index is known for multiple vehicle convoys, the same launcher in a convoy of 5 launchers with a Vehicle Cone Index5 of 48 could not traverse the same wet clay (Rating Cone Index=40).

Commonly Associated Soils
Landform / Bedrock
Climate
Horizon1
USCS Symbol2
Sandstone
unspecified
surface (A)
parent material (C)
SM, SM-SC, ML, SP, SW SM, SM-SC, GM, SC, GC, ML
humid
A
B
C
SM SM, GM SM-GM
Shale
unspecified
surface (A)
parent material (C)
CH, CL, CL-CH ML, CL, MH, CH, CL-CH, SC, CL- SC, GC
semi arid or humid
A
B
C
CL, CH CL, SC, CL-SC CL, SC
Limestone
unspecified
surface (A)
parent material (C)
ML-CL, ML, CL, GM
CL, CH, MH, ML, CH-MH, ML-CL
tropical
lower horizons (B & C)
CH, MH, GC, GM
ML-CL CH CH
humid
A
B
C
Flat-lying
unspecified
unspecified
CL, ML, CH, MH, ML-CL, SC, GM,
SM
Interbedded, sandstone, shale, limestone
Tilted
unspecified
unspecified
ML, MH, ML-CL
Instrusive
Granitic rock3
unspecified
surface (A)
subsurface (B)
SM, ML, SC, ML-CL SC, CH, CL, CL-CH
Granite
humid
A
B
C
SM, ML, CL SC SC, CL
Extrusive, Basaltic, and Volcanic
humid tropical or subtropical
A B
C
ML, CL CH, MH ML-MH, MH, CH
arid
A
B
ML-CL, ML, GM CH, CL, MH, ML-CL, GC
unspecified
unspecified
GM, GC, GM-GC
Slate
humid
A
B
C
SM SM, ML-CL
SM, GM SM, SC MH-CH SM, ML-CL, ML
Schist
humid
A
B
C
Gneiss
humid
A
B
C
SM, SM-SC, ML-CL, ML MH, CH, SC SM, ML CL, MH-CH, ML-CL, MH, CH
Glacial Tilt / Ground Moraine4
humid / derived from soft sedimentary rock
A B
C
ML, CL, ML-CL, OL CL, CH, CL-CH CL, CH, ML
A B
C
SM, ML, SC SM, ML SM, ML, GM
humid / derived from igneousmetamorphic rock (crystalline)
Glacial / Moraines
humid / derived
from soft sedimentary rock
CL, ML, CL-CH, CH, GM, GC GW, GC-GP, SC-SP SM-SC, SW, SP, GM, GC, SM, SC
A B
C

45

Commonly Associated Soils
Landform / Bedrock
Climate
Horizon1
USCS Symbol2
A B
C
SM-SP GW, GC-GP, SC-SP SM-SC, SW, SP, GM, GC, SM, SC

humid / derived from igneousmetamorphic rock (crystalline)
Drumlins
surface or surface (A or B)
C
ML, ML-CL, GM, GC CL, GM, GC
humid / derived from soft sedimentary rock
A B
C
GM-GC, SM GM-GC, SM GM, SM-SC, ML
humid / derived from igneousmetamorphic rock (crystalline)
Eskers
unspecified
unspecified
GM, GM-GC, GP, SP, GW, SW,
SW-SM
Kames
unspecified
unspecified
GP, SP, GP-GM, GM, GM-GC,
SM-SC, SP-SM, SM
Glacial Outwash
unspecified
unspecified
GW, SW, GP, SP, GM, SM, CL,
GM-GC
Silt / Clay Lakebeds
unspecified
A
B
C
ML-CL, CH CL-CH CL-CH, ML-CL, MH-CH
Sandy lakebeds
unspecified
unspecified
SM, ML, ML-MH, ML-CL
unstabilized
unspecified
no horizons
SP
Sand Dunes
stablized
unspecified
surface (A)
parent material (C)
SM, SP SP
unspecified
unspecified
ML, ML-CL, CL
Loess deposits
semi arid
A
B
C
ML-CL ML-CL ML-CL
Flood Plains
braided channels
unspecified
unspecified
GW, SP
point bars
unspecified
unspecified
SW, SP, GW
natural levees
unspecified
unspecified
SM, ML
slack water
unspecified
unspecified
ML, CL, MH, CH, MH-CH
swamps depressions
unspecified
unspecified
OL, OH, PT, ML, CL, CH
terrace
unspecified
surface
subsurface
ML SC, GW, GP
Deltas
Arc delta
unspecified
surface (A)
subsurface (B)
ML, CL, MH, CH GP, SP, GM, GC, SM, SC, GM-GC
humid
A
B
C
ML ABSENT GM-GC OH CH-OH CH
Bird's-foot delta
unspecified
A
B
C
Alluvial fans
unspecified
unspecified
GP, SP, SW, GW, GM, GC, SM,
SC, ML, CL
semi arid
A
B
C
GM-SM SM, ML GM, SM, ML
Valley fills
unspecified
unspecified
GP, SP, GW, SW, GM, GC, SM,
SC, CL, ML, CL-CH, CH
Commonly Associated Soils
Landform / Bedrock
Climate
Horizon1
USCS Symbol2

semi arid
A
B
C
SM SM ML-SM, SM, GM, SM, ML
unspecified
unspecified
CL, SC, CL-CH, CH
Continental alluvium
semi arid
A
B
C
CL CL CL
Playas
unspecified
unspecified
ML. CL, SM, SC, MH, CH
Swamps, Bogs, and Marshes
unspecified
unspecified
PT, OH, CH, MH, OL
Coastal Plain Uplands
unspecified
subsurface (A)
subsurface (B)
SM, SP-SM SM, SC, SP-SM
humid
A
B
C
SM
SC, SM SC, SM
Coastal Plain Depressions
unspecified
unspecified
OL, ML, CL, ML-CL, MH, CH, OH,
PT
Beach Ridges
unspecified
surface (A)
subsurface (B)
SM, GM SP, GP, GP-GM, SP-SM, SW
humid
A
B
C
SM absent SP, SM
Tidal Marsh
unspecified
surface (A)
subsurface (B)
PT OL, OH, MH
Mud Flat
unspecified
unspecified
CH, CH-MH, CH-OH
Sand Flat
unspecified
unspecified
SP
1 Horizons are the distinct layers distinguished by differing types of soil materials. 2 Unified Soils Classification System. 3 Granitic rock includes rhyolite porphyry, trachyte porphyry, dacite porphyry, basalt porphyry, augitite porphyry, granite, syenite porphyry, syenite, diorite porphyry, diorite, gabbro porphyry, gabbro, pyroxenite porphyry, pyroxenite periodotite. 4 A much wider range of texture is possible as in the North Central United States.
| Road Type / Category / Number of Lanes    | Width in Meters                | Width in Feet                |
|-------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|------------------------------|
| Trail                                     | less then 1.5                  | less then 5                  |
| Track                                     | at least 1.5 but less than 2.5 | at least 5 but less than 8   |
| One Lane                                  | at least 2.5 but less than 5.5 | at least 8 but less than 18  |
| Two Lanes                                 | at least 5.5 but less than 8.2 | at least 18 but less than 28 |
| More than Two Lanes                       | at least 8.2                   | at least 28                  |
| Description                                                  |   Type  |
|--------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| Wood and timber frame construction                           |      1  |
| Masonry construction                                         |      2  |
| One or two family dwellings                                  |      3  |
| Prefabricated one familty dwellings                          |      4  |
| Low rise office buildings                                    |      5  |
| High rise office buildings                                   |      6  |
| Low rise apartment buildings                                 |      7  |
| High rise apartment buildings                                |      8  |
| Buildings common to newer industrial and warehouse complexes |      9  |

Add a second digit to the type to designate the cover and concealment potential for each uban built-up area. Use the following codes for the second digit: a - building type interior and entrances large enough for TM equipment, b - exterior sufficient for some concealment of TM equipment, and c - unsuitable as cover or concealment for TM equipment. Example, 1a is a wood and timberframe construction building with an interior and entrances large enough to house TM equipment.

49

## Ccm Overlay(S) Worksheet Template (U)

Vehicle Characteristics
   Single Vehicle CCM Overlay (Listed Below)    Multiple Vehicle CCM Overlay (Listed Below)
Maximum On-Road Speed
Kph
Cross-Country Movement Category Definition
Speed Category
Default Category Descriptor
kph  --
Kph
Kph  --
Kph
Go / Unrestricted
Restricted
Kph  --
Kph
Kph  --
Kph
Severely Restricted
No Go
Notes:
Vehicle Speed versus Slope and Slope-Intercept-Frequency (SIF) Factor



Dry Terrain

Wet Terrain
Other:
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Vehicle Speed versus Slope and Slope-Intercept-Frequency (SIF) Factor



Dry Terrain

Wet Terrain
Other:
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Deg of slope  --
Deg of slope
Kph
SIF Factor
Vehicle Speed versus Slope, Slope-Intercept-Frequency (SIF) Factor, and Surface Roughness Factor
Moist RCI
Dry RCI
Wet RCI
Dry Soil Factor
Wet Soil Factor
Surface Roughness Factor
Surface Materials Code and Description
GW
Gravel or Sandy Gravel, Well Graded
GP GM
Gravel or Sandy Gravel, Poorly Graded Gravel, Silty
GC SW
Gravel or Sandy Gravel, Clayed Sand, Well Graded
SP
SM
Sand, Poorly Graded
Sand, Silty
SC ML
Sand, Clayey Silts
CL
Clays
OL MH
Organic Silts Inorganic Elastic Silts
CH OH
Fat Clays Fat Organic Clays
PT R
High Organic Soils or Peat Rock Outcrops
W
Open Water

Notes:
Classification: _________________________________________________________________

Potential Vehicle Characteristics to be Used for CCM Analysis
Maximum Off-Road Speed
Kph
Maximum On-Road Gradability
Degrees of slope
Maximum Off-Road Gradability
Degrees of slope
Vehicle Width
Meters
Vehicle Cone Index 1 Pass (VCI )
1
#
Minimum Turning Radius
Meters
Vehicle Length
Meters
Military Class Load
Tons
User Speed Category
User Defined Category Descriptor
Kph  --
Kph
Kph  --
Kph
Kph  --
Kph
Kph  --
Kph
Kph  --
Kph
Kph  --
Kph
Kph  --
Kph
Kph  --
Kph
Kph  --
Kph
CCM Overlay(s) Worksheet Template (U)
Vegetation Factor
Surface Materials Code and Description
A1
Agriculture (Dry Crops)
Agriculture (Wet Crops, Rice)
A2 A3 A4 B1 B2
Agriculture (Terraced Crops, both Wet and Dry) Agriculture (Shifting Cultivation) Brushland (<5-meters High, Open to Medium Spacing) Brushland (<5-meters High, Medium to Dense Spacing)
C D
Coniferous / Evergreen Forest Deciduous Forest
E F
Mixed Forest (Coniferous / Deciduous) Orchard / Plantation (Rubber, Palm, Fruit, etc.)
G1
Grassland, Pasture, Meadow
G2 H
Grassland with Scattered Trees, some Scrub Growth Forest Clearing (Cutover Areas, Burns, etc.)
I J
Swamp (Mangrove, Cypress, etc.) Marsh / Bog (Treeless Bogs, Muskegs, etc.)
K
L
Wetlands (Low-Lying Wet Areas)
Vineyards
Bamboo
M
Vegetation Factor
Vegetation Roughness Factor

Inches
* = Data not available Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___  of: ___
DTG: ___________________________
53
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___  of: ___
Current / Forecasted Weather Effects on TM Force Operations Template (U)

Optional Function(s)
RDT&E
Required function(s)
Production
Field Operations
National Operations
Primary Function(s) or Process
Secondary Function(s), Processes,
or Components
Feeds or Interfaces with Function(s)
or Processes
Notes / Comments

Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___  of: ___
DTG: ___________________________
Integrated TM Force Infrastructure List Template (U)

TM Force Overview Description and Notes
Functional Code
Located
ID
MIDB Facility Name
BE Number
Primary Function(s)
Latitude or MGRS
Longitude
N/S
E/W

Classification: _________________________________________________________________

## Integrated Tm Force Infrastructure List Template (U)

Functional Codes
Fourth Character
Sub-subfunction
Fifth
Character
WMD
Relationship
Third Character
Subfunction
First Character
Operations Level
Located Codes
Second Character
Function
Fifth Character
Type
C - Confirmed P - Probable / Possible A - Assessed U - Unknown
N - National Operations O - Operational Operations T - Tactical / Field Operations Z - Other U - Unknown - - None
C - Chemical
B - Biological
N - Nuclear Z - Other U - Unknown - - None
C - Fixed Complex B - Bunker Complex T - Tunnel Complex F - Field / Unprepared G - Field / Prepared A - Airfield P - Port R - Road I - Railroad W - Waterway Z - Other U - Unknown - - None
H - Headquarters Ops C - C2 Operations G - General Operations M - Missile Operations F - Fire Control Operations W - Meteorological Ops S - Storage V - Vehicle Parking P - Personnel S - Security E - Power Generation Z - Other U - Unknown - - None
A - Administration 2 - Command and Control (C2) C - Communications E - Port of Entry X - Research and Development P - Production Y - Testing T - Training G - Garrison D - Depot S - Storage F - Field Operations M - Air Defense Z - Other U - Unknown - - None

Use/Instructions:
1
     Usingthe
                                                                 TemplateandtheTO&EassessmentfilltheIds,FunctionalCategoryCodes,andPrimaryFunction(s)fieldsinthistemplatewiththerequired
     andoptionalinfrastructureintheappropriatequantities.Thisformsthe

"AdversaryTMForceRequiredInfrastructureAssessment"
                                                   "InitialIntegratedTMForceInfrastructureList"

Usingtheresultsoftheidentified/locatedadversaryTMforceinfrastructureassessmenttofilleintheremainingfieldsofthetemplatewherepossible.Thisidentifiesthe

2
                                                                                                                                     "UnlocatedTMForceInfrastructureList"

WherepossibleassesslocationsfortheunlocatedadversaryTMforceinfrastructure.Thisformsthe

3
                                                                                 "CurrentIntegratedTMForceInfrastructureList"

Repeatprocessasoftenasrequired.
4
Notes:

| Dimensions (m) Width   | X Height   | X Length   | Ventilation Required   |
|------------------------|------------|------------|------------------------|
| Dimensions (m) Width   | X Height   | X Length   | Ventilation Required   |
| Dimensions (m) Width   | X Height   | X Length   | Ventilation Required   |
| Dimensions (m) Width   | X Height   | X Length   | Ventilation Required   |
| # Observed                      | Transportation Interface(s)     |
|---------------------------------|---------------------------------|
| Roads CAT 12                     |                                 |
| Communication Link(s)           |                                 |
| Above Ground Landline           |                                 |
| Buried Landline                 |                                 |
| HF Radio                        |                                 |
| Microwave                       |                                 |
| Other Radio                     |                                 |
| Satellite Communications        |                                 |
| Roads CAT 3                     |                                 |
| Roads CAT 4                     |                                 |
| Roads CAT 5                     |                                 |
| Roads CAT 6                     |                                 |
| Roads CAT 7                     |                                 |
| Railroads                       |                                 |
| None Observed                   |                                 |
| Electrical Power Interface(s)   |                                 |
| Other                           |                                 |
| None Observed                   |                                 |
| Uses Local Power Grid           | Above Ground Transmission Lines |
| Below Ground Transmission Lines | On-Site Power Generation        |
| Power Capacity                  |                                 |
| Back-Up Power Capability        |                                 |
| Associated Security             |                                 |
| Other                           |                                 |
| None Observed                   |                                 |
| Terrain                         | Single Fenced                   |
| Double Fenced                   | Vegetation                      |
| Triple Fenced                   |                                 |
| Walled                          |                                 |
| Manned Security                 |                                 |
| Guard Posts                     |                                 |
Subordinate Unit(s)
# Observed
# Observed
Air (Runways, HWY Strips, etc.)
Sea (Ports, Docks, etc.) None Observed
On-Site SAMs On-Site AAA

## General Facility / Area Assessment Template (U)

Critical Elements (CE) / Critical Nodes (CN) / High Value Targets (HVT) Within The Facility / Area
Elevation
M
Ft
Critical Element Rationale
CE / CN / HVT
Mensurated Point (MP)
Element or MP ID #
Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
N S
E W
Datum: WGS84
Other
PV Char Code
JMEM Code
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Basic Physical Shape
Elevation
M
Ft
Critical Element Rationale
CE / CN / HVT
Mensurated Point (MP)
Element or MP ID #
Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
N S
E W
Datum: WGS84
Other
PV Char Code
JMEM Code
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Basic Physical Shape
Critical Element Rationale
CE / CN / HVT
Mensurated Point (MP)
Element or MP ID #
Elevation
M
Ft
Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
N S
E W
Datum: WGS84
Other
PV Char Code
JMEM Code
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Basic Physical Shape
Elevation
M
Ft
Critical Element Rationale
CE / CN / HVT
Mensurated Point (MP)
Element or MP ID #
Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
N S
E W
Datum: WGS84
Other
PV Char Code
JMEM Code
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Basic Physical Shape
Elevation
M
Ft
Critical Element Rationale
CE / CN / HVT
Mensurated Point (MP)
Element or MP ID #
Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
N S
E W
Datum: WGS84
Other
PV Char Code
JMEM Code
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Basic Physical Shape
Critical Element Rationale
CE / CN / HVT
Mensurated Point (MP)
Element or MP ID #
Elevation
M
Ft
Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
N S
E W
Datum: WGS84
Other
PV Char Code
JMEM Code
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Basic Physical Shape
Elevation
M
Ft
Critical Element Rationale
CE / CN / HVT
Mensurated Point (MP)
Element or MP ID #
Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
N S
E W
Datum: WGS84
Other
PV Char Code
JMEM Code
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Basic Physical Shape
Critical Element Rationale
CE / CN / HVT
Mensurated Point (MP)
Element or MP ID #
Elevation
M
Ft
Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
N S
E W
Datum: WGS84
Other
PV Char Code
JMEM Code
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Basic Physical Shape
Elevation
M
Ft
Critical Element Rationale
CE / CN / HVT
Mensurated Point (MP)
Element or MP ID #
Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
N S
E W
Datum: WGS84
Other
PV Char Code
JMEM Code
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Basic Physical Shape
Elevation
M
Ft
Critical Element Rationale
CE / CN / HVT
Mensurated Point (MP)
Element or MP ID #
Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
N S
E W
Datum: WGS84
Other
PV Char Code
JMEM Code
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
Basic Physical Shape

## Generalfacility/Areaassessmenttemplate(U) Recommendedimageryviewsandcodes

RecommendedImageryViews
View
EOResolution
IRResolution
RadarResolution
Angle
Map[WideArea(Orientation)]
3 NIIRS3
0.61m/2ft
2.44m/8ft
Vertical
Orderofbattle(OB)[WideArea(Orientation)]
3 NIIRS3
0.61m/2ft
2.44m/8ft
NearVertical1
5nm/9.26kmx5nm/9.26km[TargetArea/Overview(MissionPlanning)]
3 NIIRS4
0.61m/2ft
2.44m/8ft
NearVertical1
3nm/5.56kmx3nm/5.56km[TargetArea/Overview(MissionPlanning)]
3 NIIRS4
0.61m/2ft
2.44m/8ft
NearVertical1
1nm/1.85kmx1nm/1.85km[Target(AttackParameters)]
3 NIIRS5
0.61m/2ft
2.44m/8ft
NearVertical1
0.67nm/1.24kmx0.67nm/1.24km[Target(AttackParameters)]
3 NIIRS5
0.61m/2ft
2.44m/8ft
NearVertical1
CriticalElement/MP[Target(AttackParameters)]
NearVertical1
Blueprints/Sketches/Drawings
Verticaland/orCutaway
Equipment
HandHeld
F-FireControlOperations
W-MeteorologicalOps S-Storage V-VehicleParking P-Personnel S-Security E-PowerGeneration Z-Other U-Unknown --None
CharacterPositions 1st-OperationsLevel 2nd-Function 3rd-Subfunction 4th-Sub-subfunction 5th-Type 6th-WMDRelationship
A-Administration 2-CommandandControl(C2) C-Communications E-PortofEntry X-ResearchandDevelopment
P-Production Y-Testing T-Training G-Garrison D-Depot S-Storage F-FieldOperations M-AirDefense Z-Other U-Unknown --None
TMDHideSiteCodes
CAT1
ConfirmedTMLauncherHide/StorageSite.TheSiteEntranceIsLargeEnoughToAccommodateTheLauncherAndMissileEquipmentOrTMActivityHasBeenObserved
CAT2
SiteEntranceIsLargerThanTMLauncherAndSubstantialReportingOrImageryIndicatorsExistImplyingTheSiteCou ldBeTMRelated
CAT3
SiteEntranceIsLargerThanTMLauncherAndHasFairTogoodAccessibility
CAT4
SiteEntranceIsLargerThanTMLauncherButHasPoorAccessibilityOrIsKnownToBeAssociatedWithANon-TMUnit
CAT5
SiteEntranceIsLargerThanTMLauncherButHasNoCurrentAccessibility
StructureTypeCodes
AG-AboveGround
OA-OpenArea
HB-HighBay
RV-Revetted
FS-FenceSecured
UG-UnderGround
PUG-PartiallyUnderGround
C-Culvert
BN-Bunker
T-Tunnel
BA-BunkerAdit
TA-TunnelAdit
B-Bridge
CP-ChokePoint
PVCodes
1stand2ndCharacters--NumberofStoriesintheStructure
Exceptions:
SS
SingleStory
Single-StoryLoad-BearingWall-LogandTimberWalls
LOG1
MS
MultipleStory
MultistoryLoad-BearingWall-LogandTimberWalls
LOG2
Ifexcludedimpliesstructureissinglestory
FollowingCharacters
AD
AdobeWalls
MON
MonumentalMasonryLoad-BearingWalls
HSF
HeavySteelframed
WB
MasonryLoad-BearingWalls
HCF
HeavyCompositeFramed
LSF
LightSteelFramed
WF
WoodFramed
LCF
LightCompositeFramed
VLSF
VeryLightSteelFramed
VLWF
VeryLightWoodFramed
SF
SteelFramed
RC
ReinforcedConcrete AdditionalRCModifiers(i.e.RCLF=ReinforcedConcreteFramedw/ColumnsandRoofSlab) LF
LightFramed(spans<22.86m/75ft)Columns&RoofSlaborArch(rigid)
SS
StressedSkinorShell
VLF
VeryLightFramedorColumns&TrussesorColumns&Beams
TC
T-Columns
CraneCapacityForBuildingswithCranes
HCF[10-50tons]
LCF,SSLSF,&RCLF[<10tons]
ASpacePlusAfterPVCode:
100[>100tons],90[60-100tons],50[30-50tons,or25[10-25tons]
ASpacePlusAfterPVCode:
BR
Blast-ResistantDesign
ER
Earthquake-ResistantDesign
UseMultipleStoryCodeForAllStructures,UnlessTheStructureCanBePositivelyIdentifiedAsSingleStory
RoofConstruction Codes
Concrete Metal Shingled Wood Unknown
E-WarheadMating C-Checkout
T-Transload F-Fueling L-Launcher R-FireControl 2-C2 G-GSE P-MissileFuel O-MissileOxidizer D-POL B-AccessControl H-Housing S-Support Z-Other U-Unknown --None
LOCandLOCAccessCodes
CAT12
Paved,AllWeather,HighwayofTwoorMoreLanes
CAT3
Paved,AllWeather,UndividedHighway,LessThanTwoLanes
CAT4
Unpaved,Improved,AllWeather,TwoLanesWide
CAT5
Unpaved,Unimproved,Dry-Weather,Earthen,1-2LanesWide
CAT6
Unpaved,Unimproved,Dry-Weather,Earthen,1Lane(Track)
CAT7
Unpaved,Unimproved,Dry-Weather,Earthen,LessThan1Lane(Trail)

DTG: ___________________________
Field Operating Area Assessment Template (U)

Field Operating Area / Polygon / Route / Polyline Definition:
| Starting Point            | Starting Point   | Next Point   |
|---------------------------|------------------|--------------|
| Latitude / MGRS / UTM N S | Longitude        | E W          |
| Next Point                |                  |              |
| Latitude / MGRS / UTM N S | Longitude        | E W          |
| Next Point                |                  |              |
| Latitude / MGRS / UTM N S | Longitude        | E W          |
| Next Point                |                  |              |
| Latitude / MGRS / UTM N S | Longitude        | E W          |
| Next Point                |                  |              |
| Next Point                |                  |              |

Next Point

| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
Next Point
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |

Next Point

| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |

Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point

| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |

Next Point Next Point

| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|

Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point

Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point

Next Point

| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|

Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point

| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|

Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Notes:

| Latitude / MGRS / UTM N S   | Longitude   | E W   | Latitude / MGRS / UTM N S   | Longitude   | E W   |
|-----------------------------|-------------|-------|-----------------------------|-------------|-------|

Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___  of: ___
63

SUGGESTED TEMPLATES
SUGGESTED TEMPLATES
SUGGESTED TEMPLATES
SUGGESTED TEMPLATES FOR STEP THREE OF TH
                   FOR STEP THREE OF TH
                    FOR STEP THREE OF TH
                   FOR STEP THREE OF THE TMD IPB PROCESS
                                      E TMD IPB PROCESS
                                      E TMD IPB PROCESS
                                      E TMD IPB PROCESS

"EVALUATE THE TM FOR
"EVALUATE THE TM FOR
"EVALUATE THE TM FOR
"EVALUATE THE TM FORCE"
                    CE"
                    CE"
                    CE"

## Doctrinal Template(S) Requirements Template (U)

Required
Not Required
Optional
Status (G, Y, R)
Organizational / C I Templates
4
Provide a adversary TM force level breakout of major assigned units, equipment, command, and control
National Level Organization and Command & Control
Provide the adversary TM force organizational structure and assigned equipment by brigade
Adversary TM Unit TO&E Adversary TM Communications Structure
Provide the adversary TM force unit level command and control structure
Other: Other: Other:
Equipment Templates
Provide detailed equipment information and graphics for adversary theater missiles
Missile
Provide detailed equipment information and graphics for adversary TM launchers
Launcher
Provide detailed equipment information and graphics for adversary TM radars
Radar
Provide detailed equipment information and graphics for adversary TM ground support equipment
Ground Support Equipment
Other: Other: Other:
TTP Templates
Provide the adversary TM force attack objectives
Adversary TM Force Attack Objectives Adversary TM Force Potential Target List
Provide assessment of potential adversary TM force target list
Adversary TM Unit Functional Breakout
Provide a functional breakout of the adversary TM force units Provide the spatial deployment patterns for adversary TM force units
Adversary TM Unit Spatial Deployment TTP Adversary TM Employment TTP
Provide the employment TTP for adversary TM force units
Other: Other: Other:
Operational State Templates
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for the day-to-day peacetime adversary TM force garrison
National Level Garrison - Peacetime
National Level Training
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for national level adversary TM force level training Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for national level adversary TM force operational testing
National Level Operational Testing
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for national level adversary TM force RDT&E testing
National Level RDT&E Testing
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for national level adversary TM force depot and storage
National Level Depot and Storage
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for peacetime national to field garrison deployments
Peacetime National Level to Field Garrison Deployment
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for crisis national to field garrison deployments
Crisis National Level to Field Garrison Deployment
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for the day-to-day peacetime adversary TM force garrison
Field Level Garrison - Peacetime Field Level Training
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for field level adversary TM force level training Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for field level adversary TM force depot and storage
Field Level Depot and Storage
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for peacetime garrison to field op area deployments
Peacetime Field Level to Field Operating Area Deployment
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for crisis garrison to field op area deployments
Crisis Field Level to Field Operating Area Deployment
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for field op area field storage
Field Storage
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for field op area warhead-to-missile mating operations
Field Warhead Mating Operations
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for field op area missile fueling operations
Field Fueling Operations
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for field op area missile checkout operations
Field Checkout Operations
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for field op area missile transload operations
Field Transload Operations
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for field op area TM launcher hide operations
Field Hide Operations
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for field op area TM fire control operations
Field Fire Control Operations
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for field op area missile launch operations
Field Launch Operations
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for field op area TM targeting operations
Field Targeting Operations
Provide the operational state diagrams and timelines for field op area communications operations
Field Communications Operations
Other: Other:
Other:
Doctrinal Template Purpose
Length
Width
Meters Meters
Height
Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)
Meters Kg
Military Load Class
Maximum Payload Capacity
Tons Kg
Drive Configuration
Engine Power
KW
Maximum On-Road Range
Maximum Off-Road Range
Km Km
Fuel Consumption-to-Payload
L/100 km x 1,000 kg #
Vehicle Cone Index 1 Pass (VCI )
1
| Maximum On-Road Speed           | Kph                     |
|---------------------------------|-------------------------|
| Maximum Off-Road Speed          |                         |
| Restricted Speed Range          | Km                      |
| Kph                             |                         |
| Severely Restricted Speed Range |                         |
| Ground Clearance                |                         |
| Km                              |                         |
| Meters                          |                         |
| Degrees                         | Approach Angle          |
| Departure Angle                 | Degrees                 |
| Meters                          | Trench Crossing Ability |
| Ford Depth                      | Meters                  |
| Maximum On-Road Gradability     |                         |
| Maximum Off-Road Gradability    |                         |
| Deg of slope                    |                         |
| Deg of slope                    |                         |
| Minimum Turning Radius          |                         |
| Crew Size                       |                         |
| Meters                          |                         |
| #                               |                         |

Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___ of: ___
DTG: ___________________________
TM Force Employment Worksheet Template (U)

TM System Type 1
TM System Type 2 TM System Type 3
Employment Conditions
Minimum / Start
Nominal
Maximum / Stop
Condition
TM System Type 1
Time of Day for TM Employment
Visibility Conditions for TM Employment Weather Conditions for TM Employment
Minimum / Start
Nominal
Maximum / Stop
Condition
TM System Type 2
Time of Day for Theater Missile Employment Visibility Conditions for TM Employment Weather Conditions for TM Employment
Minimum / Start
Nominal
Maximum / Stop
Condition
TM System Type 3
Time of Day for TM Employment Visibility Conditions for TM Employment Weather Conditions for TM Employment
Employment Characteristics
TM System Type 1
Minimum / Start
Nominal
Maximum / Stop
Condition
Salvo Size
Salvo Launch Time Span Salvo Arrival Time Span Salvo Interval Other:_______________________________________ Other:_______________________________________
TM System Type 2
Minimum / Start
Nominal
Maximum / Stop
Condition
Salvo Size
Salvo Launch Time Span Salvo Arrival Time Span Salvo Interval Other:_______________________________________ Other:_______________________________________
TM System Type 3
Minimum / Start
Nominal
Maximum / Stop
Condition
Salvo Size
Salvo Launch Time Span Salvo Arrival Time Span Salvo Interval Other:_______________________________________ Other:_______________________________________
Notes:

Classification: _________________________________________________________________

## Tm Force Employment Worksheet Template (U)

TARGET CLASS versus TM TYPE versus TARGET SIZE CLASS versus APPLICABLE WARHEAD TYPES
Target Class
TM
Target Size Class
Applicable Warhead Types



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1
  System Type 2 System Type 3
Hardened Targets



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Airfields



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Naval Vessels



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Commercial Ships



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Troop Concentrations



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Armored Vehicles



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1
  System Type 2 System Type 3
Ports & Naval Bases



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
LOCs



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



Bridges / Dams /
Waterways

  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Logistics Areas



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



Radar / Air Defense /
TMD

  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Industry



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Power



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
POL



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Transportation



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Population Centers



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Government Control



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Cultural Centers
Other:



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3
Other:



Point
  Area



Unitary HE
Unitary Frag
Cluster HE
Cluster Frag
Unitary CW
Cluster CW
Unitary Nuclear
Unitary BW
Cluster BW
ARM
FAE
EMP



  System Type 1 System Type 2 System Type 3

Notes:
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
73

SUGGESTED TEMPLATES
SUGGESTED TEMPLATES
SUGGESTED TEMPLATES
SUGGESTED TEMPLATES FOR STEP FOUR OF THE
                   FOR STEP FOUR OF THE
                    FOR STEP FOUR OF THE
                   FOR STEP FOUR OF THE TMD IPB PROCESS
                                        TMD IPB PROCESS
                                        TMD IPB PROCESS
                                        TMD IPB PROCESS

"DETERMINE TM COURSE
"DETERMINE TM COURSE
"DETERMINE TM COURSE
"DETERMINE TM COURSE OF ACTION"
                     OF ACTION"
                     OF ACTION"
                     OF ACTION"

77

TM COA Template (U)
COA Title / Name Unique COA ID
Rank Order
Likelihood:
Very High Probability
Medium Probability
Low Probability
Very Low Probability



COA Objective(s) COA Desired End State(s)
COA Title / Name Unique COA ID
Rank Order
Likelihood:
Very High Probability
Medium Probability
Low Probability
Very Low Probability



COA Objective(s) COA Desired End State(s) COA Title / Name Unique COA ID
Rank Order
Likelihood:
Very High Probability
Medium Probability
Low Probability
Very Low Probability



COA Objective(s) COA Desired End State(s) COA Mission(s)

Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___  of: ___

| COA Unique ID #             | COA Title                   |
|-----------------------------|-----------------------------|
| COA Description             |                             |
| Period of Relevance         |                             |
| DTG / Date                  | DTG / Date                  |
| Through                     |                             |
| No Earlier Than             | No Later Than               |
| Duration                    |                             |
| All Times Relative To:      |                             |
| Minutes                     | Hours                       |
| Weeks                       | Months                      |
| Units                       |                             |
| of                          |                             |
| Time                        |                             |
| Start                       | Duration                    |
| Minimum                     | Nominal Maximum Minimum     |
| Activity / Event Time       | Activity / Event Time       |
| Potential                   |                             |
| NAI(s) or NAI               |                             |
| Type                        |                             |
| ID#:                        |                             |
| Activity / Event Indicator: | Activity / Event Indicator: |
| Start                       | Duration                    |
| Minimum                     | Nominal Maximum Minimum     |
| Activity / Event Time       | Activity / Event Time       |
| Potential                   |                             |
| NAI(s) or NAI               |                             |
| Type                        |                             |
| ID#:                        |                             |
| Activity / Event Indicator: | Activity / Event Indicator: |
| Start                       | Duration                    |
| Minimum                     | Nominal Maximum Minimum     |
| Activity / Event Time       | Activity / Event Time       |
| Potential                   |                             |
| NAI(s) or NAI               |                             |
| Type                        |                             |
| ID#:                        |                             |
| Activity / Event Indicator: | Activity / Event Indicator: |
| Start                       |                             |
| Duration                    |                             |
| Stop                        | Start                       |
| Duration                    |                             |
| Stop                        |                             |
| Minimum                     | Nominal Maximum Minimum     |
| Activity / Event Time       | Activity / Event Time       |
| Potential                   |                             |
| NAI(s) or NAI               |                             |
| Type                        |                             |
| ID#:                        |                             |
| Activity / Event Indicator: | Activity / Event Indicator: |
| Start                       | Duration                    |
| Minimum                     | Nominal Maximum Minimum     |
| Activity / Event Time       | Activity / Event Time       |
| Potential                   |                             |
| NAI(s) or NAI               |                             |
| Type                        |                             |
| ID#:                        |                             |
| Activity / Event Indicator: | Activity / Event Indicator: |

## Nai And Hvt Template (U)

| Yearly    |
|-----------|
| See Notes |
See Notes
At: (HH:MM)

Classification: _________________________________________________________________

Monthly
Quarterly
Every Sunday
Quarterly
Every Sunday
Yearly
See Notes
Yearly
See Notes
See Notes
At: (HH:MM)
See Notes

Page: ___  of: ___
DTG: ___________________________
NAI and HVT  Template (U)

Type
NAI
HVT
TCT
Fixed - Facility
Non-Fixed - Moving
Non-Fixed - Not Moving
Terrain Analysis
Other:_________________________________________________________
Properties
BE Number
Point
Radius (km)
Area / Polygon
Route / Polyline
Other:
Datum: WGS84
Geocoordinate Units: Dd.decimal
Ddmmss
Dd.mmss
UTM
Other:___________________________________________________
See Attached for Further Definition
MGRS
Point or Centroid Coordinates: Latitude
Longitude
UTM
Area / Polygon / Route / Polyline Definition:
Starting Point Starting Point Starting Point
Next Point
Next Point
Starting Point
Next Point
Next Point
Latitude / MGRS / UTM N S
Longitude
E W
Next Point
Latitude / MGRS / UTM N S
Longitude
E W
Next Point
Latitude / MGRS / UTM N S
Longitude
E W
Next Point
Latitude / MGRS / UTM N S
Longitude
E W
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point

Next Point

| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |

Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point

| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |              |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |              |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |              |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |              |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |              |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |              |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |              |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |              |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |              |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |              |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |              |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |              |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |              |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |              |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |              |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |              |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |              |
| Next Point   |              |              |              |              |
| Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   | Next Point   |

Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point

Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point Next Point
Next Point
Next Point Next Point Next Point
Next Point Next Point
Next Point
Next Point Next Point
Next Point Next Point
Next Point
Next Point Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point
Next Point

Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Next Point Ending Point Next Point Next Point Next Point

MGRS
   See Attached Page for Map View of This Area / Polygon / Route / Polyline Definition
Latitude / MGRS / UTM N S
Longitude
E W
Latitude / MGRS / UTM N S
Longitude
E W

81

## Tm Coa Situation / Event Template (U)

Period of Relevance
DTG / Date
DTG / Date
Exclusive Period
Through
No Earlier Than
No Later Than
DTG / Date
DTG / Date
Duration
All Times Relative To:
Minutes
Hours
Days
Weeks
Months
Years
Units
of
Time
Start
Duration
Stop
Start
Duration
Stop
Minimum
Nominal Maximum Minimum
Nominal Maximum Minimum
Nominal Maximum
Minimum
Nominal
Maximum Minimum
Nominal Maximum Minimum
Nominal Maximum
Activity / Event Time
Activity / Event Time
Potential
NAI(s) or NAI
Type
|                       |                         |                         |                 | Activity / Event Indicator:   | Activity / Event Indicator:   |
|-----------------------|-------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|
| Start                 | Duration                | Stop                    | Start           | Duration                      | Stop                          |
| Minimum               | Nominal Maximum Minimum | Nominal Maximum Minimum | Nominal Maximum | Minimum                       | Nominal                       |
| Activity / Event Time | Activity / Event Time   |                         |                 |                               |                               |
| Potential             |                         |                         |                 |                               |                               |
| NAI(s) or NAI         |                         |                         |                 |                               |                               |
| Type                  |                         |                         |                 |                               |                               |
|                       |                         |                         |                 | Activity / Event Indicator:   | Activity / Event Indicator:   |
|-----------------------|-------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|
| Start                 | Duration                | Stop                    | Start           | Duration                      | Stop                          |
| Minimum               | Nominal Maximum Minimum | Nominal Maximum Minimum | Nominal Maximum | Minimum                       | Nominal                       |
| Activity / Event Time | Activity / Event Time   |                         |                 |                               |                               |
| Potential             |                         |                         |                 |                               |                               |
| NAI(s) or NAI         |                         |                         |                 |                               |                               |
| Type                  |                         |                         |                 |                               |                               |
| Activity / Event Indicator:   | Activity / Event Indicator:   |
|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|
| Start                         |                               |
| Duration                      |                               |
| Stop                          | Start                         |
| Duration                      |                               |
| Stop                          |                               |
| Minimum                       | Nominal Maximum Minimum       |
| Activity / Event Time         | Activity / Event Time         |
| Potential                     |                               |
| NAI(s) or NAI                 |                               |
| Type                          |                               |
|                       |                         |                         |                 | Activity / Event Indicator:   | Activity / Event Indicator:   |
|-----------------------|-------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------|
| Start                 | Duration                | Stop                    | Start           | Duration                      | Stop                          |
| Minimum               | Nominal Maximum Minimum | Nominal Maximum Minimum | Nominal Maximum | Minimum                       | Nominal                       |
| Activity / Event Time | Activity / Event Time   |                         |                 |                               |                               |
| Potential             |                         |                         |                 |                               |                               |
| NAI(s) or NAI         |                         |                         |                 |                               |                               |
| Type                  |                         |                         |                 |                               |                               |
Activity / Event Indicator:
Activity / Event Indicator:

## Recommended Target Nominations And Tais Template (U)

Facility / Area MIDB Name
Recommended Target Priority:    Time Critical / Sensitive   Immediate   Routine   Other



Target Available No Earlier Than DTG
Target Available No Earlier Than DTG
Unique ID #
Integrated Infrastructure List ID #
BE Number
Type
HVT
TCT
Fixed - Facility
Non-Fixed - Moving
Non-Fixed - Not Moving
Other:__________________________________________________________________________________
Point
Radius (km)
Area / Polygon
Route / Polyline
Other:
Datum: WGS84
Geocoordinate Units: Dd.decimal
Ddmmss
Dd.mmss
MGRS
UTM
Other:___________________________________________________
See Attached for Further Definition
Point or Centroid Coordinates: Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
Facility / Area MIDB Name
Recommended Target Priority:    Time Critical / Sensitive   Immediate   Routine   Other



Target Available No Earlier Than DTG
Target Available No Earlier Than DTG
Unique ID #
Integrated Infrastructure List ID #
BE Number
Type
HVT
TCT
Fixed - Facility
Non-Fixed - Moving
Non-Fixed - Not Moving
Other:__________________________________________________________________________________
Point
Radius (km)
Area / Polygon
Route / Polyline
Other:
Datum: WGS84
Geocoordinate Units: Dd.decimal
Ddmmss
Dd.mmss
MGRS
UTM
Other:___________________________________________________
See Attached for Further Definition
Point or Centroid Coordinates: Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
Facility / Area MIDB Name
Recommended Target Priority:    Time Critical / Sensitive   Immediate   Routine   Other



Target Available No Earlier Than DTG
Target Available No Earlier Than DTG
Unique ID #
Integrated Infrastructure List ID #
BE Number
Type
HVT
TCT
Fixed - Facility
Non-Fixed - Moving
Non-Fixed - Not Moving
Other:__________________________________________________________________________________
Point
Radius (km)
Area / Polygon
Route / Polyline
Other:
Datum: WGS84
Geocoordinate Units: Dd.decimal
Ddmmss
Dd.mmss
MGRS
UTM
Other:___________________________________________________
See Attached for Further Definition
Point or Centroid Coordinates: Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
Facility / Area MIDB Name
Recommended Target Priority:    Time Critical / Sensitive   Immediate   Routine   Other



Target Available No Earlier Than DTG
Target Available No Earlier Than DTG
Unique ID #
Integrated Infrastructure List ID #
BE Number
Type
HVT
TCT
Fixed - Facility
Non-Fixed - Moving
Non-Fixed - Not Moving
Other:__________________________________________________________________________________
Point
Radius (km)
Area / Polygon
Route / Polyline
Other:
Datum: WGS84
Geocoordinate Units: Dd.decimal
Ddmmss
Dd.mmss
MGRS
UTM
Other:___________________________________________________
See Attached for Further Definition
Point or Centroid Coordinates: Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS
Facility / Area MIDB Name
Recommended Target Priority:    Time Critical / Sensitive   Immediate   Routine   Other



Target Available No Earlier Than DTG
Target Available No Earlier Than DTG
Unique ID #
Integrated Infrastructure List ID #
BE Number
Type
HVT
TCT
Fixed - Facility
Non-Fixed - Moving
Non-Fixed - Not Moving
Other:__________________________________________________________________________________
Point
Radius (km)
Area / Polygon
Route / Polyline
Other:
Datum: WGS84
Geocoordinate Units: Dd.decimal
Ddmmss
Dd.mmss
MGRS
UTM
Other:___________________________________________________
See Attached for Further Definition
Point or Centroid Coordinates: Latitude
Longitude
UTM
MGRS

Notes:
Classification: _________________________________________________________________
85

## Appendix C Automated Tools And Example Architectures 1.  Selected Automated Tools


Table C-1 lists selected automated tools, which assist in TMD IPB development.  At a minimum, use the joint deployable intelligence support system (JDISS), GALE, and joint services work station (JSWS).

ASAS-RWS:
DESCRIPTION:  Provides collateral intelligence processing capabilities to Army, corps, and division J/G2s; disseminates a collateral picture of the all-source database to tactical commanders for battlespace situational awareness; produces ground battle situation analysis through adversary integration; rapidly disseminates intelligence information; provides target identification and nominations; and intelligence collection management.

Current Capability POC: United States Army ASAS-Light:
DESCRIPTION:  Same as for the ASAS. Current Capability POC: United States Army JDISS:
DESCRIPTION:  Receives, processes, and displays tactical, theater, and national level intelligence and imagery to support TMD IPB; provides rapid data exchange, primarily IPB products and databases at the joint level for time-sensitive targeting, TMD nodal analysis and collaborative planning; and the means to share critical combat information and intelligence to coordinate courses of action and develop common TTPs.

Current Capability POC: Defense Intelligence Agency GALE:
DESCRIPTION:  Performs suitability modeling and location assessments against the TMD adversary and projects probable adversary mobile and stationary missile launcher operating locations.  Assists in terrain analysis by using digital mapping data; provides terrain delimitation features to conduct detailed slope, road/rail, line of sight, and terrain analysis.

Current Capability POC: Defense Intelligence Agency JSWS:
DESCRIPTION:  Provides MTI/SAR information and initiates RSR.  Depth of tracking in AOR limited by adversary SAM  threat to sensor. Current Capability POC:
MCS:
DESCRIPTION: Current Capability POC:
ABIS (MSTS):
DESCRIPTION:  Provides real-time high resolution 3-D imagery, flight following, and adversary displays (TIBS and TRAP broadcast feeds).
Allows the commander to "stand on" or "fly over" the terrain in his AO.

Current Capability POC:


## 2.  Current Tmd Ipb Automated Tool Architecture Examples


      Each organization tasked with conducting TMD IPB is uniquely configured to

accomplish that mission.  Because of this diversity, there is no one way to construct a doctrinal TMD IPB architecture.  Instead, the following examples serve to illustrate how two real-world organizations are configured to perform the TMD IPB mission.

a.  32d Army Air and Missile Defense (AAMDC) Brigade.  The 32d AAMDC is the Army Forces and Joint Forces Land Component Commander's organization that performs critical theater air and missile defense planning, integration, coordination, and execution functions.  The 32d AAMDC coordinates and integrates the four operational elements of the TMD mission.  Its G2 section is responsible for all current and future TMD IPB operations. Figure C-1 depicts the internal architecture that supports the G2 section in the TOC.
JDISS
Although an Army organization, the AAMDC plays a critical role in the joint TMD mission arena.  The AAMDC commanding general is usually assigned as the Deputy, Area Air Defense Commander and is responsible for facilitating the overall air and missile defense mission.  Supporting this task is a robust ISR coordination function residing in the AAMDC
TOC.  Figure C-2 depicts some of the external agencies that feed information to the TOC.

b.  7th Air Force TMD Intelligence Team.  Another real-world organization performing TMD IPB is the 7th Air Force TMD Intelligence Team. This team is responsible for US Forces Korea's TMD IPB.  It supports the execution of attack operations, active defense (PATRIOT), and passive defense.  The team directly inputs into the integrated tasking order; dynamically retasks ISR assets; plans active defense, and cues the retasking of attack assets.  The 607th Air Intelligence Squadron mans and the 32d AAMDC augments the TMD intelligence team.  A
simplified relationship diagram is shown in Figure C-3.

The TMD intelligence team is located in a small office space with about 14 workstations and a large plexiglas map display area.  Networks available to the team are TDDS, Pacific Command automated data processing server site - Korea (PASS-K) high, joint worldwide intelligence communication system (JWICS), PASS-K low, SECRET internet protocol router network
(SIPRNET), and 7th Air Force SCI wide area network/JWICS.  Major available applications are applix e-mail, INTELINK, GALE, automated message handling system, JSWS, direct UAV video, contingency theater automated planning system, and other PASS-K applications (virtually identical to JDISS applications).  The team also has secure telephone unit-III connectivity. Figure C-4 shows the team's physical layout. Minimal manning for the TMD intelligence team is nine operators/analysts and each has a specific function as shown in Table C-2.



IPB Analyst


JSWS Analyst
Fuses all-source intelligence.


Analyzes moving target indicator data; exploits "replay"
Predicts adversary courses of action .


function to track activity.
Recommends potential targets and collection

Coordinates with GALE operator/analyst.

to team chief.


Provides interpretation to IPB analyst.
Primary ADP system:  JSWS (SIPRNET)


Primary ADP system:  PASS-K high


Research Analyst


Collection Analyst
Operates message handling system.


Receives and evaluates IPB collection requests.
Builds queries to retrieve information on TBM

Submits requirements to collection management.

and NBC activities.


Tracks requests and reports results to IPB analyst.
Passes collection summaries and battle damage

Primary ADP system:  PASS-K low and SIPRNET

assessment (BDA) reports to team members.
Maintains message files.


Combined Unconventional Warfare Task Force
Primary ADP system:  PASS-K high


(CUWTF) Liaison Officer (LNO)


Coordinates tasking and reporting of CUWTF operations.


Target Analyst


Focal point for training on CUWTF assets and their tactics.
Receives target nominations from IPB analyst.

Point of contact for CUWTF TMD named areas of interest.
Builds target submission worksheet for team

Primary ADP system:  laptop computer at the SECRET

chief's approval.


level with no connectivity
Submits coordinated targets to TMD execution
cell.


Team Chief and Non-commissioned Officer in Charge
Tracks mission status and BDA reporting.


(NCOIC)
Primary ADP system:  PASS-K high


Directs and coordinates activities of team members.


Ensures TMD execution cell intelligence requirements.


Weapons of Mass Destruction


Approves target nominations, collection requests,


Analyst/Reporter


intelligence summaries (INTSUM), and pit briefings.
Monitors reporting on TBM activities.


Primary ADP system:  PASS-K high
Tracks activity at nuclear, biological, and
chemical facilities.


GALE Operator
Drafts TMD intelligence team input to 607th


Receives missile launch data via TDDS.

AIS INTSUM


Performs terrain analysis to determine ground movement
Builds slides for TMD execution cell briefing.


limitations.
Primary ADP system:  PASS-K high


Provides interpretations to IPB analyst.


Primary ADP system:  PASS-K high (GALE)

## Appendix D Tmd Ipb Checklist And Development Plan

1.  TMD IPB Checklist.  Figure D-1 is a template for a suggested TMD IPB checklist.  Use it to quickly organize the TMD IPB process and determine the detail required.  This checklist aids in identifying the depth of coverage needed to support current TMD IPB data requirements and analysis.  Break each sub-step out further as required for the situation. Prioritize them using a simple 1-2-3 priority scheme or a more complex one if desired.  Use the checklist for recurring requirement, assigned level of detail, and current status and to define the TMD IPB process required for the current command mission.  By initially skimming the checklist and then reevaluating the requirements based on available time and resources, the entire TMD IPB process is more effectively balanced.  Use the checklist as a guideline for all the steps and as intelligence requirements are filled, use it to monitor and maintain their status.  The checklist is not meant to be comprehensive.  It is a basis for starting, guiding, and tracking the TMD IPB process, and starting the collection process.

DTG: ___________________________
TMD IPB Checklist -- All Steps Template (U)

Checklist item
#
01
02 03 04 05 06 07
Step 1 - Define the Battlespace Environment
  1.1 - Analyze the Command's Mission in Relation to TMD 1.1.1 - Summarize the Command's Mission and Objectives 1.1.2 - Summarize the Commander's Guidance 1.2 - Identify the Limits of the AO, AOI, and Battlespace 1.2.1 - Assess TM Force Coverage 1.2.2 - Assess Potential TM Force Deployment Area
08   1.2.3 - Assess Passive Defense AO and AOI
09   1.2.4 - Assess Active Defense AO and AOI
10   1.2.5 - Assess Attack Operations AO and AOI
11   1.2.6 - Assess Composite AO and AOI
12   1.2.7 - Assess TMD Battlespace
13   1.3 - Determine the Significant Environment Characteristics of the AO
14   1.3.1 - Assess Geopolitical and Regional Threat
15   1.3.2 - Assess TM Force General Capabilities
16   1.3.3 - Assess TM Force Active Defense Suppression Capabilities 17   1.3.4 - Assess Major Terrain Features
18   1.3.5 - Assess Major Lines of Communication
19   1.4 - Identify the Amount of Detail Required & Feasible within the Time Available
20   1.4.1 - Create or Update IPB Checklist and Development Plan
21   1.5 - Evaluate Existing Databases and Identify Gaps
22   1.5.1 - Assess TMD IPB Holdings, Databases, Sources and Links 23   1.5.2 - Evaluate TMD IPB Information Sources
24   1.5.3 - Establish TMD IPB POCs
25   1.6 - Collect Material & Intelligence Required For Further TMD IPB Analysis
26   1.6.1 - Collect Recommended PIRs/EEIs/RFIs
27   1.6.2 - Search For Information by Key Word and Equipment & Category Codes
28   Step 2 - Define the Battlespace Effects 29   2.1 - Analyze the TM Battlespace Environment
30   2.1.1 - Assess Terrain
31   2.1.1.1 - Assess Surface Configuration
32   2.1.1.2 - Assess Vegetation
33   2.1.1.3 - Assess Surface Materials 34   2.1.1.4 - Assess Obstacles 35   2.1.1.5 - Assess Transportation and LOC Infrastructure
36   2.1.1.6 - Assess Urban Areas
37   2.1.1.7 - Assess Cover
38   2.1.1.8 - Assess Concealment
39   2.1.1.9 - Assess CCM
40   2.1.1.10 - Assess Observation/LOS 41   2.1.1.11 -  Assess Key Terrain 42   2.1.1.12 -  Assess Electromagnetic Spectrum
43   2.1.2 - Assess Weather Effects on TM Operations
44   2.1.2.1 - Assess TM Force Climatology 45   2.1.2.2 - Assess Current and Forecast Weather 46   2.1.3 - Assess Other Characteristics of the Battlespace 47   2.1.3.1 - Assess TM Infrastructure
48 49 50
  2.1.3.2 - Assess TM Facility/Area 2.1.3.3 - Assess TM Infrastructure HVTs 2.2 - Assess Battlespace Effects on TM Force Capabilities and Broad COAs
Priority
(1,2,3)
Time
Criticality
Detail
(1,2,3)
Status
(G,Y,R)
Consumer
Notes

## Tmd Ipb Checklist -- All Steps Template (U)

Checklist item
  2.2.1- Assess Area Limitation
#
51
52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
Step 3 - Evaluate the TM Force 3.1 - Create TM  Models 3.1.1 - Assess TM Organizational/C4I Structure 3.1.2 - Assess TM Equipment 3.1.3 - Assess TM TTPs 3.1.4 - Assess HVTs Step 4 - Determine TM COAs 4.1 - Identify Likely TM Objectives and Desired End State 4.2 - Identify the Full Set of TM COAs 4.3 - Evaluate and Prioritize Each Specific TM COA 4.4 - Expand Each COA in the Amount of Detail Time Allows 4.4.1 - Develop Situation Template and  Assess HVTs 4.5 - Identify Initial Collection Requirements 4.5.1 - Develop Event Template and Matrix 4.6 - Identify Target Nominations 4.6.1 - Assess Current Situation and Weather Data 4.6.2 - Assess NAI Intelligence Collection Results 4.6.3 - Assess Most Likely TM Force COA 4.6.4 - Assess PIRs

## Abbreviations And Codes

6 - Months
3 - High, Less Than 24 Hours (3 Shifts)
7 - Years
4 - Days
O - Other
Detail
1 - High, Must Have High Level of Detail to Meet TMD IPB Requirements 2 - Medium, A Medium Level of Detail is Acceptable to Meet TMD IPB Requirements 3 - Low, A Low Level of Detail is Acceptable to Meet TMD IPB Requirements
Status
G - or GREEN for Complete or Acceptable in Meeting TMD IPB Requirements Y - or YELLOW for Partially Complete, but Meets Some TMD IPB Requirements R - or RED for Incomplete or Unacceptable for Meeting TMD IPB Requirements
Priority
(1,2,3)
Time
Criticality
Detail
(1,2,3)
Status
(G,Y,R)
Consumer
Notes
D - Adversary/Threat Modeling Analysis S - Situational Analysis C - Commander and/or Immediate Staff 2 - J2, C2, G2, A2, N2, or S2 and/or Staff 3 - J3, C3, G3, A3, N3, or S3 and/or Staff 5 - J5, C5, G5, A5, N5, or S5 and/or Staff J - JFACC and/or Immediate Staff A - AOC N - NMJIC Z - ________________________________________________________________ Y - ________________________________________________________________ X - ________________________________________________________________ W - ________________________________________________________________ V - ________________________________________________________________ U - ________________________________________________________________ R - ________________________________________________________________ Q - ________________________________________________________________

2.  IPB Development Plan.  Develop a plan to help organize, guide, and track the TMD
IPB development.  A checklist is a good starting point for developing the plan.  Give start and expected completion times to checklist items and make links between checklist items to show dependencies and information and product flow.  As the checklist items progress, track them on the development plan.  The development plan acts as a management tool to show the TMD IPB development's progress and status.  Tailor the development plan to a particular situation's requirements.  A plan for creating a new TMD IPB looks significantly different than one for a completed, but monitored TMD IPB.  In a wartime situation the TMD IPB development plan will be highly dynamic to keep it synchronized with combat operations.  Figure D-2 is a TMD IPB development plan example for a completed TMD IPB that is being maintained.  There are many computerized tools to help develop these plans; Microsoft Project is one such program.

## Tmd Ipb Development Plan -- All Steps Template (U)

| Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun                                                          | Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec                                 |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
| Year:__________                                                                  |                                                         |
| Checklist item                                                                   |                                                         |
| #                                                                                |                                                         |
| 01                                                                               |                                                         |
| 02                                                                               |                                                         |
| 03                                                                               |                                                         |
| 04                                                                               |                                                         |
| 05                                                                               |                                                         |
| 06                                                                               |                                                         |
| 07                                                                               |                                                         |
| Step 1 - Define the Battlespace Environment                                      |                                                         |
| 1.1 - Analyze the Command's Mission in Relation to TMD                           |                                                         |
| 1.1.1 - Summarize the Command's Mission and Objectives                           |                                                         |
| 1.1.2 - Summarize the Commander's Guidance                                       |                                                         |
| 1.2 - Identify the Limits of the Aos, AOIs, and Battlespace                      |                                                         |
| 1.2.1 Assess TM Force Coverage                                                   |                                                         |
| 1.2.2 - Assess Potential TM Force Deployment Area                                |                                                         |
| 08   1.2.3 - Assess Passive Defense AO and AOI                                   |                                                         |
| 09   1.2.4 - Assess Active Defense AO and AOI                                    |                                                         |
| 10   1.2.5 - Assess Attack Operation AO and AOI                                  |                                                         |
| 11   1.2.6 - Assess Composite AO and AOI                                         |                                                         |
| 12   1.2.7 - Assess TMD Battlespace                                              |                                                         |
| 13   1.3 - Determine the Significant Environment Characteristics of the AO       |                                                         |
| 14   1.3.1 - Assess Geopolitical and Regional Threat                             |                                                         |
| 15   1.3.2 - Assess TM Force general Capabilities                                |                                                         |
| 16   1.3.3 - Assess TM Force Active Defense SuppressionCapabilities              |                                                         |
| 17   1.3.4 - Assess Major Terrain Features                                       |                                                         |
| 18   1.3.5 - Assess Major Lines of Communication                                 |                                                         |
| 19   1.4 - Identify the Amount                                                   |                                                         |
|                                                                                  | of Detail Required & Feasible within the Time Available |
| 20   1.4.1 - Create or Update IPB Checklist and Development Plan                 |                                                         |
| 21   1.5 - Evaluate Existing Databases and Identify Gaps                         |                                                         |
| 22   1.5.1 - Assess TMD IPB Holdings, Databases, Sources and Links               |                                                         |
| 23   1.5.2 - Evaluate TMD IPB Information Sources                                |                                                         |
| 24   1.5.3 - Establish TMD IPB POCs                                              |                                                         |
| 25   1.6 - Collect Material & Intelligence Required For  Further Analysis        |                                                         |
| 26   1.6.1 - Collect Recommended PIRs/EEIs/RFIs                                  |                                                         |
| 27   1.6.2 - Search for Information by Key Word and Equipment and Category Codes |                                                         |
| 28 Step 2 - Define the TM Battlespace Environment                                |                                                         |
| 29   2.1 - Analyze the TM Battlespace Environment                                |                                                         |
| 30   2.1.1 - Assess Terrain                                                      |                                                         |
| 31   2.1.1.1 - Assess Surface Configuration                                      |                                                         |
| 32   2.1.1.2 - Assess Vegetation                                                 |                                                         |
| 33   2.1.1.3 - Assess Surface Materials                                          |                                                         |
| 34   2.1.1.4 - Assess Obstacles                                                  |                                                         |
| 35   2.1.1.5 - Assess Transportation and LOC Infrastructure                      |                                                         |
| 36   2.1.1.6 - Assess Urban Areas                                                |                                                         |
| 37   2.1.1.7 - Assess Cover                                                      |                                                         |
| 38   2.1.1.8 - Assess Concealment                                                |                                                         |
| 39   2.1.1.9 - Assess CCM                                                        |                                                         |
| 40   2.1.1.10 - Assess Observation/LOS                                           |                                                         |
| 41   2.1.1.11 - Assess Key Terrain                                               |                                                         |
| 42   2.1.1.12 - Assess Electromagnetic Spectrum                                  |                                                         |
| 43   2.1.2 - Assess Weather Effects on TM Operations                             |                                                         |
| 44   2.1.2.1 - Assess TM Force Climatology                                       |                                                         |
| 45   2.1.2.2 - Assess Current and Forecast Weather                               |                                                         |
| 46   2.1.3 - Assess Other Characteristics of the Battlespace                     |                                                         |
| 47   2.1.3.1 - Assess TM Infrastructure                                          |                                                         |
| 48   2.1.3.2 - Assess TM Facility/Area                                           |                                                         |
| 49   2.1.33 - Assess TM Infrastructure HVTs                                      |                                                         |
| 50   2.2 - Assess Battlespace Effects on TM Force Capabilities and Broad COAs    |                                                         |

Classification: _________________________________________________________________
Page: ___  of: ___
DTG: ___________________________
TMD IPB Development Plan -- All Steps Template (U)

| Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun                                            |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Checklist item                                                     |
| 2.2.1 - Assess Area Limitation                                     |
| #                                                                  |
| 51                                                                 |
| 52                                                                 |
| 53                                                                 |
| 54                                                                 |
| 55                                                                 |
| 56                                                                 |
| 57                                                                 |
| 58                                                                 |
| 59                                                                 |
| 60                                                                 |
| 61                                                                 |
| 62                                                                 |
| 63                                                                 |
| 64                                                                 |
| 65                                                                 |
| 66                                                                 |
| 67                                                                 |
| 68                                                                 |
| 69                                                                 |
| 70                                                                 |
| Step 3 - Evaluate the TM Force                                     |
| 3.1 - Create TM Models                                             |
| 3.1.1 - Assess TM Organizational/C4I Structure                     |
| 3.1.2 - Assess TM Equipment                                        |
| 3.1.3 - Assess TM TTPs                                             |
| 3.1.4 - Assess HVTs                                                |
| Step 4 - Determine TM COAs                                         |
| 4.1 - Identify Likely TM Objectives and Desired End State          |
| 4.2 - Identify the Full Set of TM COAs                             |
| 4.3 - Evaluate and Prioritize Each Specific TM COA                 |
| 4.4 - Expand Each COA in the Amount of Time and Detail Time Allows |
| 4.4.1 - Develop Situation Template and Assess HVTs                 |
| 4.5 - Identify Initial Collection Requirements                     |
| 4.5.1 - Develop Event Template and Matrix                          |
| 4.6 - Identify Target Nominations                                  |
| 4.6.1 - Assess Current Situation and Weather Data                  |
| 4.6.2 - Assess NAI Intelligence Collection Results                 |
| 4.6.3 - Assess Most Likely TM Force COA                            |
| 4.6.4 - Assess PIRs                                                |
Gray bar represents planned start to finish length of step from scratch Black internal bar represents the estimated percentage of completion of the step to meet TMD IPB requirements Event marker, Q is for quarterly review meeting and T is for today or the last date the plan was updated (other codes can be used as required) Indicates flow of data from one step to another, only used for significant data flow or dependency

## Appendix E Tmd Ipb Internet Links 1.  Intelligence Organizations


Central Intelligence Agency  http://www.cia.gov

Defense Intelligence Agency  http://www.dia.mil

Missile and Space Intelligence Center  http://www.msic.dia.mil

National Ground Intelligence Center  http://mi203.apg.army.mil

National Imagery and Mapping Agency  http://www.nima.mil

National Security Agency  http://www.nsa.gov

Office of Naval Intelligence  http://www.odci.gov/ic/ni.html

## 2.  Joint Military Organizations


Air Land Sea Application (ALSA) Center  http://www.dtic.mil/alsa

Ballistic Missile Defense Organization  www.acq.osd.mil/bmdo

Department of Defense  http://www.defenselink.mil/

Department of Defense Directives and Instructions  http://web7.whs.osd.mil/corres.htm


http://web7.whs.osd.mil

Joint Doctrine  http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine

Joint Electronic Library  http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/index.html

US Space Command  www.spacecom.af.mil/usspace

## 3.  Air Force


Air Force Space Command  www.peterson.af.mil/hqafspc/index.htm

Air Intelligence Agency  http://www.aia.af.mil

USAF/XOI  http://aiaweb.aia.af.mil/usaf/

## 4.  Army


Homepage  http://www.army.mil/

Doctrine and Training Digital Library  http://www.adtdl.army.mil

Space and Missile Defense Command   www.smdc.army.mil/default.html

US Army Space Command  www.armyspace.army.mil

## 5.  Marines


Marine Link  http://www.usmc.mil or http://www.hqmc.usmc.mil

## 6.  Navy


NavyOnLine  http://www.ncts.navy.mil

Naval Space Command   www.navspace.navy.mil

## 7.  Us Government Agencies


Congress


http://www.senate.gov/


http://www.house.gov/


Congressional Record  http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs

Defense Information Systems Agency  http://www.disa.mil/disahomejs.html

Department of Justice  http://www.usdoj.gov

Department of State  http://www.state.gov

Department of Treasury  http://www.ustreas.gov

Embassies  http://www.embassy.org

Federal Bureau of Investigations  http://www.fbi.gov

Federal Communications Commission  http://www.fcc.gov

Federal Emergency Management Agency  http://www.fema.gov

Library of Congress  http://www.loc.gov

National Archives and Records Administration  http://www.nara.gov

US Agency for International Development  http://www.info.usaid.gov

US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency  http://www.acda.gov/

US Information Agency  http://www.usia.gov

White House  http://www.whitehouse.gov/

## 8.  International Organizations/Databases


European Line  http://www.europeonline.com

France Defense  http://www.ensmp.fr/~scherer/adminet/min/def/
International Laws and Treaties  http://www.jura.uni-sb.de  (contains German &
European codes)

Ministry of Defense (United Kingdom)  http://www.mod.uk/

North Atlantic Treaty Organization  http://www.nato.int/

United Nations  http://www.un.org


Office of the High Representative http://www.ohr.int/

## 9.  Think Tanks


Center for Defense Information  http://www.cdi.org/

Center for Nonproliferation Studies  http://cns.miis.edu/

Center for Strategic and International Studies  http://www.csis.org/

Centre for Strategic Studies  http://www.vuw.ac.nz/css/
Institute for the Advanced Study of Information Warfare
http://www.psycom.net/iwar.1.html
Jaffe Center for Strategic Studies  http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/

RAND Corporation  http://www.rand.org/

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute  http://www.sipri.se/

Strategic Studies Institute  http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usassi/

## 10.  News Organizations


Cable News Network http://www.cnn.com/

China News Digest  http://www.cnd.org

CNET  http://www.cnet.com  (a news and information service)

Early Bird  http://iiacsun1.army.mil/earlybrd/

New York Times  http://www.nytimes.com

News  http://www.leadstory.com  (summary of lead stories in major newspapers)

U.S. News & World Report  http://www.usnews.com

USA Today http://www.usatoday.com/

## 11.  Miscellaneous Links


IntelWeb  http://intelweb.janes.org

Jane's Information Store  http://www.janes.com/janes.html

Weather Information  http://www.nws.noaa.gov or http://cirrus.sprl.umich.edu/wxnet

## 12.  Search Tools


http://www.lycos.com

http://www2.infoseek.com

http://www.excite.com
   http://www.altavista.com
    http://dogpile.com
    http://www.yahoo.com

http://webcrawler.com

## References Joint

DIA NAIC-1061-0789-97, Theater Missile Defense Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace
Methodology (U), Aug 97, SECRET.
JP 1-02, *DOD Dictionary for Military and Associated Terms*, Jan 00. JP 2-0, *Doctrine for Intelligence Support to Joint Military Operations,* Mar 00. JP 2-01, *Joint Intelligence Support to Military Operations,* Nov 96. JP 2-01.3, Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Joint Intelligence Preparation of the
Battlespace, May 00.
JP 3-01, *Joint Doctrine for Countering Air and Missile Threats*, Oct 99.
JP 3-01.5, *Doctrine for Joint Theater Missile Defense*, Feb 96.
JP 6-04, *US Message Text Formatting Program (U)*, Oct 92, SECRET.
DDB-2600-312-88, Target Intelligence Handbook Annex A, Category Assignment
Responsibility List (U), Sep 88, DIA, Confidential/NOFORN.

## Multiservice

FM 2-01.3 (FM 34-130)/MCRP 2-12A, *Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield*, Jul 94.
FM 90-43/MCRP 3-42.1A/NWP 3-01.13/AFTTP(I) 3-2.24, JTMTD, Multiservice Procedures
for Joint Theater Missile Target Development, Oct 99, ALSA..
FM 90-36 (FM 3-60.1)/ MCRP 3-16.1F/ NWP 2-01.11/AFJPAM 10-225, TARGETING The
Joint Targeting Process and Procedures for Targeting Time-Critical Targets, Jul 97.
FM 6-99.1 (FM 101-5-1)/MCRP 5-2A, *Operational Terms and Graphics*, May 97.

## Army

FM 2-33.201 (FM 34-81-1), *Battlefield Weather Effects*, Dec 92.
FM 3-0 (FM 100-5), *Operations*, Jun 93. FM 3-09.24 (FM 6-20-10) *Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Targeting Process*,
May 96.
FM 3-25.31 (FM 21-31), *Topographic Symbols*, Jun 61.
FM 3-34.33 (FM 5-33), *Terrain Analysis*, Jul 90.
FM 6-99 (FM 101-5), *Staff Organization and Operations*, May 97.

## Air Force

AFPAMP 14-XXX, *US Air Force Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace Pamphlet*, 31
Jan 00, DRAFT.

Acronyms
Acronyms
Acronyms
Acronyms----1111

## Acronyms

AAA
antiaircraft artillery
AAMDC
Army Air Missile Defense Command
AB
airbase
ABL
airborne laser
ACINT
acoustical intelligence
ACP
army country profile
AD
air defense
ADA
air defense artillery
AEGIS
Airborne Early Warning Ground Environment Integration

 Segment
AFGC
Armed Forces General Command
afld
airfield
AFMIC
Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center
AIS
air intelligence squadron
Al
aluminum
ALE
area limitation environment
AMEWS
Automatic Mobile Electronic Warfare System
AO
area of operations
AOI
area of interest
AP
ammonium percholate
AR
artillery rocket
ARH
anti-radiation homing
ARM
antiradiation missile
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASCM
antiship cruise missile
ASM
air-to surface missile
ASSC
Air Standardization Coordinating Committee
AUAV
attack unmanned aerial vehicle

BDE
brigade
BE
basic encyclopedia
BMCT
beginning morning civil twilight
BMNT
beginning morning nautical twilight
BMDO
Ballistic Missile Defense Organization
BTG
basic targeting graphic
BN
battalion
BW
biological warfare

C
Celsius
C2
command and control
C3
command, control, and communications
C3I
command, control, communications, and intelligence
C4
command, control, communications, and computers

Acronyms
Acronyms
Acronyms
Acronyms----2222

C4I
command, control, communications, computers, and
intelligence
C4ISR
command, control, communications, computers, intelligence,
surveillance, and reconnaissance
CADRG
compressed ARC digitized raster graphics
CAT
category
CBW
chemical and biological warfare
CCD
camouflage, concealment, and deception
CCM
cross-country movement
CEP
circular error probable
CENTCOM
United States Central Command
CG
cruiser
CIA
Central Intelligence Agency
CIB
controlled image base
CINC
commander-in-chief
CM
cruise missile
COA
course of action
COMINT
communications intelligence
COMSEC
communications security
CONOPS
concept of operations
CONPLAN
operation plan in concept format
COTS
commercial off the shelf
CW
chemical warfare

D&D
deception and denial
DAL
defended asset list
DBDB
digital bathymetric data base
dBsm
decibels per square meter
DCW
Digital Chart of the World
DD
destroyer
DDG
guided missile destroyer
DF
direction finding
DFAD
Digital Features Analysis Data
DIA
Defense Intelligence Agency
DIRD
defense intelligence reference document
DMOB
defensive missile order of battle
DP
decision point
DPPDB
digital point positioning data base
DSN
Defense Switched Network
DST
decision support template
DTED
digital terrain elevation data
DTG
date time group
DTM
digital target materials
DTOP
digital topographic data
DTRA
Defense Threat Reduction Agency

EA
electronic attack
EC
electronic combat
ECM
electronic countermeasures
EECT
end of evening civil twilight
EEI
essential elements of information
EENT
end of evening nautical twilight
EL
erector launcher
ELINT
electronic intelligence
EM
electromagnetic
EMP
electromagnetic pulse
EO
electro-optical
EP
electronic protection
ERS
early release of submunitions
ES
electronic warfare support
EW
electronic warfare
EWCO
Electronic Warfare Company

5D
demand driven direct digital dissemination
FAE
fuel air explosive
FCV
fire control vehicle
FEBA
forward edge of  the battle area
FFD
foundation feature data
FISINT
foreign instrumentation signals intelligence
FM
field manual
FOA
forward operating location
FOB
forward operations base
FOL
forward operating location
Frag
fragmentation
FSU
Former Soviet Union

G2
army or marine corps component intelligence staff officer
G&C
guidance and control
GA
Tabun, a nerve agent
GALE
Generic Area Limitation Environment
GB
group buffer, Sarin, a nerve agent
GCC
Gulf Cooperation Council
GCCS
Global Command and Control System
GCI
ground control intercept
GD
Soman, a nerve agent
GF
a nerve agent
GGI&S
global geospatial information and services
GHz
gigahertz
GLONASS
Global Navigation Satellite System
GNC
global navigation chart
GPS
global positioning system
GSE
ground support equipment

HCV
horizontal checkout vehicle
HE
high explosive
HET
heavy equipment transporter

Acronyms

HF
high frequency
HOIS
hostile intelligence service
HPT
high payoff target
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language
HTPB
Hydroxyl-Terminated PolyButadiene
HUMINT
human intelligence
HVT
high value target

IBIS
Integrated Battlefield Intelligence System
ICOD
intelligence cutoff data
ICWM
International Committee on Weights and Measures
ID
identity
IESS
Imagery Exploitation Systems
IG
intelligence group
IMINT
imagery intelligence
INFLTREP
in-flight report
INS
inertial navigation system
INTELINK
intelligence link
IPA
intelligence production agency
IPB
intelligence preparation of the battlespace
IPIR
Initial Phase Interpretation Report
IPL
integrated priority list
IR
infrared
IRBM
intermediate range ballistic missile
IRFNA
inhibited red fuming nitric acid
IRINT
infrared intelligence
ISMD
integrated suppression of missile defense
ISR
intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance
IW
information warfare

J2
intelligence directorate of a joint staff
JAADC
joint area air defense commander
JCSP
Joint Chiefs of Staff Publication
JDISS
joint deployable intelligence support system
JFACC
joint force air component commander
JFC
joint force commander
JIC
joint intelligence center
JISE
joint intelligence support element
JMEM
Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual
JNC
joint navigational chart
JOG
joint operations graphics
JOG-A
joint operations graphics-air
JOG-G
joint operations graphics-ground
JOG-R
joint operations graphics-radar
JSTARS
Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System
JSWS
joint services work station
JTF
joint task force
JTIDS
Joint Tactical Information Distribution System

Acronyms
Acronyms
Acronyms
Acronyms----5555

JWICS
joint worldwide intelligence communication system

kg
kilogram
km
kilometer
kph
kilometers per hour

LACM
land attack cruise missile
LAN
local area network
LASINT
laser intelligence
LIMDIS
limited distribution
LOAC
law of armed conflict
LOC
line of communications
LOS
line-of-sight
LR
long range
LTIOV
latest time information is of value

m
meter
Mar
March
MaRV
maneuvering reentry vehicle
MASINT
measurement and signature intelligence
MC&G
mapping, charting, and geodesy
MCOO
modified combined obstacle overlay
MCS
military capabilities study
MEL
mobile erector launcher
MEPED
Military Equipment and Parametrics Engineering Database
METT-T
mission, enemy, terrain and weather , troops and support
available, time available
MGRS
Military Grid Reference System
MHz
megahertz
mi
statute mile
MIDB
modernized integrated data base
MIIDS/IDB
Military Intelligence Integrated Data System/Integrated Data
Base
MOB
missile order of battle
MOU
memorandum of understanding
MP
mission planning
MRBM
medium range ballistic missile
MRL
multiple rocket launcher
MRV
multiple reentry vehicles
m/s
meter(s) per second
MSI
multi-spectral imagery
MSIC
Missile and Space Intelligence Center
MTCR
Missile Technology Control Regime
MTTP
multiservice tactics, techniques and procedures

na
not applicable
NAI
named area of interest
NAIC
National Air Intelligence Center

Acronyms
Acronyms
Acronyms
Acronyms----6666

NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NBC
nuclear, biological and chemical
NCA
National Command Authorities
NES
NIMA Exploitation System
NGIC
National Ground Intelligence Center
NIIRs
National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale
NIMA
National Imagery and Mapping Agency
NIST
National Intelligence Support Team
nm
nautical mile
NMJIC
National Military Joint Intelligence Center
NOFORN
not releasable to foreign nationals
NSA
National Security Agency
NUCINT
nuclear intelligence

OB
order of battle
ONC
operational navigation chart
ONI
Office of Naval Intelligence
OOB
order of battle
OPLAN
operations plan
OPORD
operation order
OPSEC
operations security
ORCON
dissemination and extraction controlled by originator
OSINT
open-source intelligence
OTE
operational threat environment

PGM
patrol boat, guided missile
PHOTINT
photographic intelligence
PIR
primary intelligence requirements
POC
point of contact
POL
petroleum, oils, and lubrication
PV
POL vehicle
PSYOP
psychological operations

R&D
research and development
RADINT
radar intelligence
RCS
radar cross section
RDA
research, development and acquisition
RDT&E
research, development, test and evaluation
REC
radioelectronic combat
RFI
request for information
RHAW
radar homing and warning
RINT
unintentional radiation intelligence
ROE
rules of engagement
RPV
remotely piloted vehicle
RST
resupply trailer
RSTA
reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition
RSV
resupply vehicle


Acronyms Acronyms

S&O
systems and operations
S&T
scientific and technical
S&TI
scientific and technical intelligence
SA
selective availability (GPS)
SAFE
secure analyst file environment
SAM
surface-to-air missile
SAP
semi-armor piercing
SATCOM
satellite communications
SATNAV
satellite navigation
SCI
sensitive compartmented information
SCUD
surface-to-surface missile system
SEAD
suppression of enemy air defenses
SEMD
suppression of enemy missile defenses
SF
special forces
SIGINT
signals intelligence
SIPRNET
Secret Internet Protocol Router Network
SLAR
side looking airborne radar
SLBM
sea-launched ballistic missile
SLCM
sea-launched cruise missile
SOF
special operations forces
SOJ
stand-off jammer
SPOT
satellite pour l'observation de la terre
SRBM
short-range ballistic missile
SSM
surface-to-surface missile
STAR
Systems Threat Assessment Report
SUPIR
Supplemental Photographic Interpretation Report

T&E
test and evaluation
TAD
theater air defense
TADIL-A
tactical digital information link-A
TADIL-J
tactical digital information link-Joint
TAI
target area of interest
TASM
tactical air-to-surface missile
TBD
to be determined
TBM
theater ballistic missile
TCT
time critical target
TDDS
TRAP data dissemination service
TECHINT
technical intelligence
TEL
transporter erector launcher
TELAR
transporter erector launcher and radar
TELINT
telemetry intelligence
TERCAT
terrain categorization
TGSM
terminally guided submunition
THAAD
theater high altitude area defense
TIBS
tactical information broadcast system
TLM
topographic line map
TM
theater missile
TMD
theater missile defense

Acronyms
Acronyms
Acronyms
Acronyms----8888

TO&E
table of organization and equipment
TPC
tactical pilotage chart
TPL
time phase line
TS
top secret
TS/SCI
top secret/sensitive compartmented information
TRAP
tactical related applications
TTADB
Tactical Terrain Analysis Database
TTP
tactics, techniques, and procedures

U
unclassified
UAV
unmanned aerial vehicle
UGF
underground facility
UHF
ultra high frequency
Unk
unknown
US
United States
USA
United States Army
USAF
United States Air Force
USCS
unified soils classification system
USMC
United States Marine Corps
USN
United States Navy
USSPACECOM
United States Space Command
UTM
universal transverse mercator
UW
unconventional warfare

VHF
very high frequency
VMAP
vector map
VPF
vector product format
VRF
vegetation roughness factor
VX
a nerve agent

WAN
wide area network
WGS-84
World Geodetic System 1984
WMD
weapons of mass destruction
WSSIC
Weapon and Space Systems Intelligence Committee
WVS
Wold Vector Shoreline Z
zulu


Acronyms Acronyms

## Glossary Glossary Glossary Glossary

Areas of Interest - The geographical area from which information and intelligence are required to permit planning or successful conduct of the command's operation. The AOI is usually larger than the command's AO and battle space; it includes any threat forces or characteristics of the battlespace environment that will significantly influence accomplishment of the command's mission.

Area of Operations - As used in this publication, an AO is that portion of an area of conflict necessary for military operations.  AOs for TMD IPB are those geographical regions analysts use to define missile threat envelopes, the locations where TM forces operate and/or where TMD operations will be conducted.


(An operational area defined by the joint force commander for land and naval forces.  Areas of operations do not typically encompass the entire operational area of the joint force commander, but should be large enough for component commanders to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. [JP 1-02])

(operational area: that portion of an area of  conflict necessary for military operations.  OAs are geographical areas assigned to commanders for which they have responsibility and in which they have the authority to conduct military operations. [Air Force IPB pamphlet]).


Assumptions - Information used to replace missing facts necessary for command and staff planning, estimating, and decision making. Assumptions may also be required for facts that change due to the time difference between receipt of the mission and the time of

Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary----1111

execution, such as threat dispositions. Assumptions should be confirmed or denied b intelligence collection whenever practical.

Battle Damage Assessment - The timely and accurate estimate of damage resulting from the application of military force, either lethal or non-lethal, against an objective or target.

Battle Space - Components determined by the maximum capabilities of an unit to acquire and dominate the enemy; includes areas beyond the AO; it varies over time according to how the commander positions assets. It depends on the command's ability to both acquire and engage targets using its own assets or those of other commands on its behalf.

Beginning Morning Nautical Twilight - Morning nautical twilight begins when the sun is 12 degrees below the eastern horizon. It is the start of that period where, in good conditions and in the absence of other illumination, enough light is available to identify the general outlines of ground objects, conduct limited military operations, and engage in most types of ground movement without difficulty. See end evening nautical twilight.

Branch - A contingency plan (an option built into the basic plan) for changing the disposition, orientation, or direction of movement of the force.

Capability - The ability to successfully perform an operation or accomplish an objective. the evaluation of capabilities includes an assessment of a force's current situation as well as its organization, doctrine, and normal TTPs. Capabilities are stated in terms of broad COAs and supporting operations. Generally, only capabilities that will influence accomplishment of the friendly command's mission are addressed.

Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary----2222


Common Understanding of the Battlespace - How the commander and staff perceive the battlespace environment. It includes the sum of all that is known or perceived of friendly and threat forces and the effects of the battlespace environment.

Confirmed Intelligence - Information or intelligence reported by three independent sources. The test for independence is certainty that the information report of one source was not derived from either of the two other sources, usually resulting in reliance on original reporting. analytical judgement counts as one source. Ensure that no more than one source is based solely on analytical judgement.

Course of Action - A possible plan open to an individual or commander that would accomplish or is related to accomplishment of the mission. A COA is initially stated in broad terms with the details determined during staff wargaming. To develop COAs, the staff must focus on key information and intelligence necessary to make decisions. COAs include five elements: **WHAT** (the type of operation), **WHEN** (the time the action will begin), **WHERE** (boundaries, axis, etc.), HOW (the use of assets), WHY (the purpose or desired end state).

Decision Point - The point in space and time where the commander or staff anticipates making a decision concerning a specific friendly COA. DPs are usually associated with threat force activity or the battlespace environment and are therefore associated with one or more NAIs. DPs also may be associated with the friendly force and the status of ongoing operations.

Decision Support Template - A graphic record of wargaming. The DST depicts DPs, timelines associated with movement of forces and the flow of the operation, and other

Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary----3333

key items of information required to execute a specific friendly COA.

Doctrinal Template - A model based on postulated threat doctrine. Doctrinal templates illustrate the disposition and activity of threat forces and assets (HVTs) conducting a particular operation unconstrained by the effects of the battlespace environment. They represent the application of threat doctrine under ideal conditions. Ideally, doctrinal templates depict the threat's normal organization for combat, frontages, depths, boundaries and other control measures, assets available from other commands, objective depths, engagement areas, battle positions, and so forth. Doctrinal templates are usually scaled to allow ready use on a map background. They are one part of a threat model.

End Evening Nautical Twilight - Occurs when the sun has dropped 12 degrees below the western horizon, and is the instant of last available daylight for the visual control of limited ground operations. At EENT there is no further sunlight available. See beginning morning nautical twilight.

Event Matrix - A description of the indicators and activity expected to occur in each NAI. It normally cross-references each NAI and indicator with the ties they are expected to occur and the COAs they will confirm or deny. There is no prescribed format.

Event Template - A guide for collection planning. The event template depicts the NAIs where activity (or its lack) will indicate which COA the threat has adopted.

Facts - Information known to be true. In terms of intelligence, facts include confirmed intelligence. See Assumptions.

Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary----4444

High-Payoff Target - Target whose loss to the threat will contribute to the success of the friendly COA.

High-Value Target - Assets that the threat commander requires for the successful completion of a specific COA.

Indicators - Positive or negative evidence of threat activity or any characteristic of the AO which points toward threat vulnerabilities or the adoption or rejection by the threat of a particular capability, or which may influence the commander's selection of a COA. Indicators may result from previous actions or from threat failure to take action.

Information Requirement - An intelligence requirement of lower priority than the PIR of lowest priority.

Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace - The systematic, continuous process of analyzing the threat and environment in a specific geographic area. IPB is designed to support the staff estimate and military decision making process. Most intelligence requirements are generated a s a result of the IPB process and its interrelation with the decision making process.

Intelligence Requirement - A requirement for intelligence to fill a gap in the command's knowledge and understanding of the battlespace or threat forces. Intelligence requirements are designed to reduce the uncertainties associated with successful completion of a specific friendly COA; a change in the COA usually leads to a change in intelligence requirements. Intelligence requirements that support decisions which affect the overall mission accomplishment (such as choice of a COA, branch, or sequel) are designated by the commander as PIR. Less important intelligence requirements are designated as IR.

Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary----5555

Latest Time Information of Value - The time by which information must be delivered to the requestor in order to provide decision makers with timely intelligence.

Sometimes the LTIOV is the expected time of a decision anticipated during staff wargaming and planning. If someone other than the decision maker must first process the information, the LTIOV is earlier than the time associated with the decision point. The time difference accounts for delays in processing and communicating the final intelligence to the decision maker.

Line of Contact - A general trace delineating the location where two opposing forces are engaged.

Lines of Communication - All the routes (land, water, and air) that connect an operating military force with one or more bases of operations and along which supplies and military forces move. Note that not all roads and rails are LOCs; some are unsuited, others may be suitable but not used. note also that in this context, a communications center is an area where LOCs converge, such as transshipment points or hub-pattern cities.

Mission, Enemy, Terrain, Troops, and Time Available - Used to describe the factors that must be considered during the planning or execution of a tactical operation. Since these factors vary in any given situation, the term "METT-T dependent" is a common way of denoting that the proper approach to a problem in any situation depends on these factors and their interrelationship in that specific situation.

Modified Combined Obstacle Overlay - A product used to depict the battlespace's effects on military operations. it is normally based on a product depicting all obstacles to mobility, modified to also depict the following, which are not prescriptive nor inclusive.

Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary----6666

-
Cross-country mobility classifications (such as RESTRICTED),
-
Objectives,
-
AAs and mobility corridors,
-
Likely locations of counter-mobility obstacle systems,
-
Defensible terrain,
-
Likely engagement areas, and
-
Key terrain.
Named Area of Interest - The geographical area where information that will satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected. NAIs are usually selected to capture indications of threat COAs but also may be related to conditions of the battlespace.

Not Later Than - The time by which something must be accomplished. OCOKA - A commonly used acronym and mnemonic for the military aspects of terrain. The acronym does not dictate the order in which the factors are evaluated; use the order in which the factors are evaluated; use the order best suited to the situation at hand. The military aspects of terrain are observation and fields of fire, concealment and cover, obstacles, key terrain, and avenues of approach.

Operational Area - That portion of an area of conflict necessary for military operations. OAs are geographical areas *assigned* to commanders for which they have responsibility and in which they have the authority to conduct military operations.

Order of Battle - Intelligence pertaining to identification, strength, command struc-

Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary----7777

ture, and disposition of personnel, units, and equipment of any military force. The OB factors form the any military force. The OB factors form the framework for analyzing military forces and their capabilities, building threat models, and hence developing COA models.

Pattern Analysis - Deducing the doctrine and TTP of a force by careful observation and evaluation of patterns in its activities. pattern analysis leads to the development of threat models and hence to COA models. Identified patterns of threat activity can be use d as indicators of threat COAs.

Possible - Information or intelligence reported by only one independent source is classified as possibly true. The test for independence is certainty that the information report of a source was not derived from some other source, usually resulting in reliance on original reporting. A classification of possibly true cannot be based on analytical judgement alone.

Priority Intelligence Requirement - An intelligence requirement associated with a decision that will affect the overall success of the command's mission. PIR are a subset of intelligence requirements of a higher priority than information requirements. PIR are prioritized among themselves and may change in priority over the course of the operation's conduct. Only the commander designates PIR.

Probable - Information or intelligence reported by two independent sources is classified as probably true. The test for independence is certainty that the information report of one source was not derived from the other source, usually resulting in reliance on original reporting. Analytical judgement counts as one source. Ensure that no more than one source

Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary----8888

is based solely on analytical judgement.

Reconnaissance - A mission undertaken to obtain information by visual observation, or other detection methods, about the activities and resources of an enemy or potential enemy, or about the meteorologic, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area. Reconnaissance differs from surveillance primarily in duration of the mission.

Restricted - A classification indicating terrain that hinders movement. Little effort is needed to enhance mobility through restricted terrain but units may have difficulty maintaining preferred speeds, moving in combat formations, or transitioning from one formation to another. A force can generally use administrative or march formations through restricted terrain with only minimal delay.

Sequel - Major operations that follow an initial major operation. Plans for sequels are based on the possible outcomevictory, **stalemate**, or **defeat**of the current operation.

Severely Restricted - A classification indicating terrain that severely hinders or slows movement in combat formations unless some effort is made to enhance mobility. Severely restricted terrain includes man-made obstacles, such as minefields and cities, as well as natural barriers. Severely restricted terrain generally slows or impedes administrative and march formations.

Situation Template - Depictions of assumed threat dispositions, based on threat doctrine and the effects of the battlespace, if the threat should adopt a particular COA. In effect, they are the doctrinal templates depicting a particular operation modified to account for the effects of the battlespace environment and the threat's current situation (training

Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary----9999

and experience levels, logistic status, losses, dispositions). Normally, the situation template depicts threat units two levels of command below the friendly force as well as the expected locations of HVTs. Situation templates use TPLs to indicate movement of forces and the expected flow of the operation. Usually, the situation template depicts a critical point in the COA. Situation templates are one part of a threat COA model. Models may contain more than one situation template.

Specific Information Requirement - Specific information requirements describe the information required to answer all or part of an intelligence requirement. A complete SIR describes the information required, the location where the required information can be collected, and the time during which it can be collected. Generally, each intelligence requirement generates sets of SIRs.

Specific Order or Request - The order or request that generates planning and execution of a collection mission or analysis of data base information. SORs sent to subordinate commands are *orders*. SORs sent to other commands are *requests*. SORs often use system-specific message formats but also induce standard military OPORDs and FRAGOs.

Surveillance - The systematic observation of airspace or surface areas by visual, aura, photographic, or other means. Surveillance differs from reconnaissance primarily in duration of the mission.

Target Area of Interest - The geographical area where HVTs can be acquired and engaged by friendly forces. Not all TAIs will form part of the friendly COA; only TAIs associated with HPTs are of interest to the staff. These are identified during staff planning

Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary----10
        10
        10
        10

and wargaming. TAIs differ from engagement areas in degree. Engagement areas plan for the use of all available weapons; TAIs might be engaged by a single weapon.

Threat Course of Action Model - A model of one COA available to the threat. It consists of **a graphic depiction** (situation template); **a description** (narrative or matrix);
and **a listing of assets** important to the success of the COA (HVTs). The degree of detail in the model depends on available time. Ideally, threat COA models address all target sets. At a minimum, threat COA models address the five standard elements of a COA: WHAT (the type of operation, WHEN (in this case, the earliest time the action can begin), WHERE (boundaries, axis), HOW (the use of assets), and WHY (the purpose or desired end-state). Threat COA models should also meet the tests of suitability, feasibility, acceptability, uniqueness, and consistency with doctrine. Threat COAs are derived from capabilities.

Threat Model - A model of the threat force's doctrine and TTPs for the conduct of a particular operation. Threat models are based on a study of all available information, structured by the OB factors, of the particular threat force under consideration. Ideally, threat models consider all target sets in detail. Threat models are normally prepared prior to deployment.

TM Force - All of the personnel and equipment that directly impact the employment of TMs.  This ranges from the field commanders who direct TM operations to the troops who actually deploy, fuel/load, and launch TMs to the vehicles, launchers, transporters, and support equipment that enable TM operations.

Unrestricted - A classification indicating terrain that is free of general restrictions to movement. In fair weather conditions movement off-road can be conducted with minimal

Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary----11111111

reductions in speed.

## Conversions Conversions Conversions Conversions

Parameters and measurements standards used within a joint, service, and/or combined TMD IPB function may vary significantly. The following table lists the more common parameters and measurements conversions, which a TMD IPB function may encounter.

Use of the International System of Units requires that a distinction be made between force and mass, which customarily have been expressed in pound-force and pound-mass, respectively.

Conversions Conversions

Quantity
To Get - Divide By Conversion Factor
Conversion Factor
To Get - Multiply By
Conversion Factor
Velocity
km/hr
0.539 956 8
knot
Velocity
km/hr
0.621 371 2
mph
Velocity
m/s
196.850 4
ft/min
Velocity
m/s
3.280 840
ft/sec
Velocity
m/s
1.943 844
knot
Acceleration
m/s2
3.280 840
ft/sec2
Acceleration
m/s2
0.101 971 6
"g"
Dimension
km
0.539 956 8
NM
Dimension
km
0.621 371 2
mile (statute)
Dimension
m
3.280 840
foot
Dimension
m
1.093 613
yard
Dimension
cm
0.393 700 8
inch
Dimension
mm
0.039 370 08
inch
Dimension
mm
0.00039 370 08
caliber
Area
m2
10.763 91
ft2
Area
cm2
0.155 000 3
in2
Area
km2
0.291 553 3
nm2
Volume
m3
35.314 66
ft3
Volume
cm3
0.061 023 74
in3
Volume
liter
0.264 172 0
gallon
Mass
kg
2.204 623
pound-mass
Mass
g
0.035 273 96
ounce
Mass
tonne
1.102 311
ton
Force
N
0.224 808 9
pound-force
Force
kN
224.808 9
pound-force
Total Impulse
N - s
0.224 808 9
lbf-second
Specific Impulse
N - s/kg
0.101 971 6
"second"
Thrust-to-Weight
N/kg
0.101 971 6
lbf/lbm, "g"
Power
kW
1.341 022
HP (550 ft  lbf/s)
Temperature

Tc  1.8 + 32 = F
(Tf - 32)/1.8 = C

Pressure
kPa
20.885 43
psf
Pressure
kPa
0.145 037 7
psi
Loading
kg/m2
0.204 816 1
lbm/ft2
Density
kg/m3
0.062 427 97
lbm/ft3
Density
kg/liter
8.345 406
lbm/gal



## Index Index Index Index To Be Co To Be Co To Be Co To Be Constructed Nstructed Nstructed Nstructed